.. _manual-plotting:

Using the Manual Plotting Interface
===================================

Sometimes you need a lot of flexibility in creating plots. While the
:class:`~yt.visualization.plot_window.PlotWindow` provides an easy to
use object that can create nice looking, publication quality plots with a
minimum of effort, there are often times when its ease of use conflicts with
your need to change the font only on the x-axis, or whatever your
need/desire/annoying coauthor requires. To that end, yt provides a number of
ways of getting the raw data that goes into a plot to you in the form of a one
or two dimensional dataset that you can plot using any plotting method you like.
matplotlib or another python library are easiest, but these methods allow you to
take your data and plot it in gnuplot, or any unnamed commercial plotting
packages.

Note that the index object associated with your snapshot file contains a
list of plots you've made in ``ds.plots``.

.. _fixed-resolution-buffers:

Slice, Projections, and other Images: The Fixed Resolution Buffer
-----------------------------------------------------------------

For slices and projects, yt provides a manual plotting interface based on
the :class:`~yt.visualization.fixed_resolution.FixedResolutionBuffer` (hereafter
referred to as FRB) object. Despite its somewhat unwieldy name, at its heart, an
FRB is a very simple object: it's essentially a window into your data: you give
it a center and a width or a left and right edge, and an image resolution, and
the FRB returns a fully pixelized image. The simplest way to
generate an FRB is to use the ``.to_frb(width, resolution, center=None)`` method
of any data two-dimensional data object:

.. python-script::
   
   import matplotlib
   matplotlib.use('Agg')
   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
   import numpy as np
   import yt
   ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030")

   c = ds.find_max('density')[1]
   proj = ds.proj('density', 0)

   width = (10, 'kpc') # we want a 1.5 mpc view
   res = [1000, 1000] # create an image with 1000x1000 pixels
   frb = proj.to_frb(width, res, center=c)

   plt.imshow(np.array(frb['density']))
   plt.savefig('my_perfect_figure.png')
   
Note that in the above example the axes tick marks indicate pixel indices.  If you
want to represent physical distances on your plot axes, you will need to use the
``extent`` keyword of the ``imshow`` function.

The FRB is a very small object that can be deleted and recreated quickly (in
fact, this is how ``PlotWindow`` plots work behind the scenes). Furthermore, you
can add new fields in the same "window", and each of them can be plotted with
their own zlimit. This is quite useful for creating a mosaic of the same region
in space with Density, Temperature, and x-velocity, for example. Each of these
quantities requires a substantially different set of limits.

A more complex example, showing a few yt helper functions that can make
setting up multiple axes with colorbars easier than it would be using only
matplotlib can be found in the :ref:`advanced-multi-panel` cookbook recipe.

.. _frb-filters:

Fixed Resolution Buffer Filters
-------------------------------

The FRB can be modified by using set of predefined filters in order to e.g.
create realistically looking, mock observation images out of simulation data.
Applying filter is an irreversible operation, hence the order in which you are
using them matters.

.. python-script::

   import matplotlib
   matplotlib.use('Agg')
   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

   import yt

   ds = yt.load('IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030')
   slc = ds.slice('z', 0.5)
   frb = slc.to_frb((20, 'kpc'), 512)
   frb.apply_gauss_beam(nbeam=30, sigma=2.0)
   frb.apply_white_noise(5e-23)
   plt.imshow(frb['density'].d)
   plt.savefig('frb_filters.png')

Currently available filters:

Gaussian Smoothing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. function:: apply_gauss_beam(self, nbeam=30, sigma=2.0)

   (This is a proxy for
   :class:`~yt.visualization.fixed_resolution_filters.FixedResolutionBufferGaussBeamFilter`.)

    This filter convolves the FRB with 2d Gaussian that is "nbeam" pixel wide
    and has standard deviation "sigma".

White Noise
~~~~~~~~~~~

.. function:: apply_white_noise(self, bg_lvl=None)

   (This is a proxy for
   :class:`~yt.visualization.fixed_resolution_filters.FixedResolutionBufferWhiteNoiseFilter`.)

    This filter adds white noise with the amplitude "bg_lvl" to the FRB.
    If "bg_lvl" is not present, 10th percentile of the FRB's values is used
    instead.

.. _manual-line-plots:

Line Plots
----------

This is perhaps the simplest thing to do. yt provides a number of one
dimensional objects, and these return a 1-D numpy array of their contents with
direct dictionary access. As a simple example, take a
:class:`~yt.data_objects.selection_data_containers.YTOrthoRayBase` object, which can be
created from a index by calling ``pf.ortho_ray(axis, center)``.

.. python-script::

   import matplotlib
   matplotlib.use('Agg')
   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

   import yt
   import numpy as np

   ds = yt.load("IsolatedGalaxy/galaxy0030/galaxy0030")
   c = ds.find_max("density")[1]
   ax = 0 # take a line cut along the x axis

   # cutting through the y0,z0 such that we hit the max density
   ray = ds.ortho_ray(ax, (c[1], c[2]))

   # Sort the ray values by 'x' so there are no discontinuities
   # in the line plot
   srt = np.argsort(ray['x'])

   plt.subplot(211)
   plt.semilogy(np.array(ray['x'][srt]), np.array(ray['density'][srt]))
   plt.ylabel('density')
   plt.subplot(212)
   plt.semilogy(np.array(ray['x'][srt]), np.array(ray['temperature'][srt]))
   plt.xlabel('x')
   plt.ylabel('temperature')

   plt.savefig("den_temp_xsweep.png")

Of course, you'll likely want to do something more sophisticated than using the
matplotlib defaults, but this gives the general idea.
