youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms

-   INSTALLATION
-   DESCRIPTION
-   OPTIONS
-   CONFIGURATION
-   OUTPUT TEMPLATE
-   VIDEO SELECTION
-   FAQ
-   DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
-   BUGS
-   COPYRIGHT

INSTALLATION
============

To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, OS X, etc.), type:

    sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
    sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget:

    sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
    sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

Windows users can download a .exe file and place it in their home
directory or any other location on their PATH.

OS X users can install youtube-dl with Homebrew.

    brew install youtube-dl

You can also use pip:

    sudo pip install youtube-dl

Alternatively, refer to the developer instructions below for how to
check out and work with the git repository. For further options,
including PGP signatures, see
https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html .

DESCRIPTION
===========

youtube-dl is a small command-line program to download videos from
YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter,
version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should
work on your Unix box, on Windows or on Mac OS X. It is released to the
public domain, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it
however you like.

    youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]

OPTIONS
=======

    -h, --help                       print this help text and exit
    --version                        print program version and exit
    -U, --update                     update this program to latest version. Make sure that you have sufficient permissions (run with sudo if needed)
    -i, --ignore-errors              continue on download errors, for example to skip unavailable videos in a playlist
    --abort-on-error                 Abort downloading of further videos (in the playlist or the command line) if an error occurs
    --dump-user-agent                display the current browser identification
    --list-extractors                List all supported extractors and the URLs they would handle
    --extractor-descriptions         Output descriptions of all supported extractors
    --default-search PREFIX          Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos from google videos for  youtube-dl "large apple".
                                     Use the value "auto" to let youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a warning when guessing). "error" just throws an error. The
                                     default value "fixup_error" repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if this is not possible instead of searching.
    --ignore-config                  Do not read configuration files. When given in the global configuration file /etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user configuration
                                     in ~/.config/youtube-dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt on Windows)
    --flat-playlist                  Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them.
    --no-color                       Do not emit color codes in output.

Network Options:
----------------

    --proxy URL                      Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS proxy. Pass in an empty string (--proxy "") for direct connection
    --socket-timeout SECONDS         Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
    --source-address IP              Client-side IP address to bind to (experimental)
    -4, --force-ipv4                 Make all connections via IPv4 (experimental)
    -6, --force-ipv6                 Make all connections via IPv6 (experimental)

Video Selection:
----------------

    --playlist-start NUMBER          playlist video to start at (default is 1)
    --playlist-end NUMBER            playlist video to end at (default is last)
    --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC       playlist video items to download. Specify indices of the videos in the playlist seperated by commas like: "--playlist-items 1,2,5,8"
                                     if you want to download videos indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can specify range: "--playlist-items 1-3,7,10-13", it will
                                     download the videos at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
    --match-title REGEX              download only matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string)
    --reject-title REGEX             skip download for matching titles (regex or caseless sub-string)
    --max-downloads NUMBER           Abort after downloading NUMBER files
    --min-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos smaller than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
    --max-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos larger than SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
    --date DATE                      download only videos uploaded in this date
    --datebefore DATE                download only videos uploaded on or before this date (i.e. inclusive)
    --dateafter DATE                 download only videos uploaded on or after this date (i.e. inclusive)
    --min-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with less than COUNT views
    --max-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with more than COUNT views
    --match-filter FILTER            (Experimental) Generic video filter. Specify any key (see help for -o for a list of available keys) to match if the key is present,
                                     !key to check if the key is not present,key > NUMBER (like "comment_count > 12", also works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to compare against
                                     a number, and & to require multiple matches. Values which are not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the
                                     operator.For example, to only match videos that have been liked more than 100 times and disliked less than 50 times (or the dislike
                                     functionality is not available at the given service), but who also have a description, use  --match-filter "like_count > 100 &
                                     dislike_count <? 50 & description" .
    --no-playlist                    If the URL refers to a video and a playlist, download only the video.
    --yes-playlist                   If the URL refers to a video and a playlist, download the playlist.
    --age-limit YEARS                download only videos suitable for the given age
    --download-archive FILE          Download only videos not listed in the archive file. Record the IDs of all downloaded videos in it.
    --include-ads                    Download advertisements as well (experimental)

Download Options:
-----------------

    -r, --rate-limit LIMIT           maximum download rate in bytes per second (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
    -R, --retries RETRIES            number of retries (default is 10), or "infinite".
    --buffer-size SIZE               size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K) (default is 1024)
    --no-resize-buffer               do not automatically adjust the buffer size. By default, the buffer size is automatically resized from an initial value of SIZE.
    --playlist-reverse               Download playlist videos in reverse order
    --xattr-set-filesize             (experimental) set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with expected filesize
    --hls-prefer-native              (experimental) Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg.
    --external-downloader COMMAND    Use the specified external downloader. Currently supports aria2c,curl,wget
    --external-downloader-args ARGS  Give these arguments to the external downloader.

Filesystem Options:
-------------------

    -a, --batch-file FILE            file containing URLs to download ('-' for stdin)
    --id                             use only video ID in file name
    -o, --output TEMPLATE            output filename template. Use %(title)s to get the title, %(uploader)s for the uploader name, %(uploader_id)s for the uploader
                                     nickname if different, %(autonumber)s to get an automatically incremented number, %(ext)s for the filename extension, %(format)s for
                                     the format description (like "22 - 1280x720" or "HD"), %(format_id)s for the unique id of the format (like Youtube's itags: "137"),
                                     %(upload_date)s for the upload date (YYYYMMDD), %(extractor)s for the provider (youtube, metacafe, etc), %(id)s for the video id,
                                     %(playlist_title)s, %(playlist_id)s, or %(playlist)s (=title if present, ID otherwise) for the playlist the video is in,
                                     %(playlist_index)s for the position in the playlist. %(height)s and %(width)s for the width and height of the video format.
                                     %(resolution)s for a textual description of the resolution of the video format. %% for a literal percent. Use - to output to stdout.
                                     Can also be used to download to a different directory, for example with -o '/my/downloads/%(uploader)s/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s' .
    --autonumber-size NUMBER         Specifies the number of digits in %(autonumber)s when it is present in output filename template or --auto-number option is given
    --restrict-filenames             Restrict filenames to only ASCII characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in filenames
    -A, --auto-number                [deprecated; use  -o "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s" ] number downloaded files starting from 00000
    -t, --title                      [deprecated] use title in file name (default)
    -l, --literal                    [deprecated] alias of --title
    -w, --no-overwrites              do not overwrite files
    -c, --continue                   force resume of partially downloaded files. By default, youtube-dl will resume downloads if possible.
    --no-continue                    do not resume partially downloaded files (restart from beginning)
    --no-part                        do not use .part files - write directly into output file
    --no-mtime                       do not use the Last-modified header to set the file modification time
    --write-description              write video description to a .description file
    --write-info-json                write video metadata to a .info.json file
    --write-annotations              write video annotations to a .annotation file
    --load-info FILE                 json file containing the video information (created with the "--write-json" option)
    --cookies FILE                   file to read cookies from and dump cookie jar in
    --cache-dir DIR                  Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl can store some downloaded information permanently. By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl
                                     or ~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, only YouTube player files (for videos with obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that may
                                     change.
    --no-cache-dir                   Disable filesystem caching
    --rm-cache-dir                   Delete all filesystem cache files

Thumbnail images:
-----------------

    --write-thumbnail                write thumbnail image to disk
    --write-all-thumbnails           write all thumbnail image formats to disk
    --list-thumbnails                Simulate and list all available thumbnail formats

Verbosity / Simulation Options:
-------------------------------

    -q, --quiet                      activates quiet mode
    --no-warnings                    Ignore warnings
    -s, --simulate                   do not download the video and do not write anything to disk
    --skip-download                  do not download the video
    -g, --get-url                    simulate, quiet but print URL
    -e, --get-title                  simulate, quiet but print title
    --get-id                         simulate, quiet but print id
    --get-thumbnail                  simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
    --get-description                simulate, quiet but print video description
    --get-duration                   simulate, quiet but print video length
    --get-filename                   simulate, quiet but print output filename
    --get-format                     simulate, quiet but print output format
    -j, --dump-json                  simulate, quiet but print JSON information. See --output for a description of available keys.
    -J, --dump-single-json           simulate, quiet but print JSON information for each command-line argument. If the URL refers to a playlist, dump the whole playlist
                                     information in a single line.
    --print-json                     Be quiet and print the video information as JSON (video is still being downloaded).
    --newline                        output progress bar as new lines
    --no-progress                    do not print progress bar
    --console-title                  display progress in console titlebar
    -v, --verbose                    print various debugging information
    --dump-intermediate-pages        print downloaded pages to debug problems (very verbose)
    --write-pages                    Write downloaded intermediary pages to files in the current directory to debug problems
    --print-traffic                  Display sent and read HTTP traffic
    -C, --call-home                  Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging.
    --no-call-home                   Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for debugging.

Workarounds:
------------

    --encoding ENCODING              Force the specified encoding (experimental)
    --no-check-certificate           Suppress HTTPS certificate validation.
    --prefer-insecure                Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve information about the video. (Currently supported only for YouTube)
    --user-agent UA                  specify a custom user agent
    --referer URL                    specify a custom referer, use if the video access is restricted to one domain
    --add-header FIELD:VALUE         specify a custom HTTP header and its value, separated by a colon ':'. You can use this option multiple times
    --bidi-workaround                Work around terminals that lack bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv or fribidi executable in PATH
    --sleep-interval SECONDS         Number of seconds to sleep before each download.

Video Format Options:
---------------------

    -f, --format FORMAT              video format code, specify the order of preference using slashes, as in -f 22/17/18 .  Instead of format codes, you can select by
                                     extension for the extensions aac, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm. You can also use the special names "best", "bestvideo", "bestaudio",
                                     "worst".  You can filter the video results by putting a condition in brackets, as in -f "best[height=720]" (or -f "[filesize>10M]").
                                     This works for filesize, height, width, tbr, abr, vbr, asr, and fps and the comparisons <, <=, >, >=, =, != and for ext, acodec,
                                     vcodec, container, and protocol and the comparisons =, != . Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a
                                     question mark (?) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so  -f "[height <=? 720][tbr>500]" selects up to 720p videos
                                     (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. By default, youtube-dl will pick the best quality.
                                     Use commas to download multiple audio formats, such as -f  136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio. You can merge the video and audio
                                     of two formats into a single file using -f <video-format>+<audio-format> (requires ffmpeg or avconv), for example -f
                                     bestvideo+bestaudio.
    --all-formats                    download all available video formats
    --prefer-free-formats            prefer free video formats unless a specific one is requested
    --max-quality FORMAT             highest quality format to download
    -F, --list-formats               list all available formats
    --youtube-skip-dash-manifest     Do not download the DASH manifest on YouTube videos
    --merge-output-format FORMAT     If a merge is required (e.g. bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg, webm, flv.Ignored if no
                                     merge is required

Subtitle Options:
-----------------

    --write-sub                      write subtitle file
    --write-auto-sub                 write automatic subtitle file (youtube only)
    --all-subs                       downloads all the available subtitles of the video
    --list-subs                      lists all available subtitles for the video
    --sub-format FORMAT              subtitle format, accepts formats preference, for example: "ass/srt/best"
    --sub-lang LANGS                 languages of the subtitles to download (optional) separated by commas, use IETF language tags like 'en,pt'

Authentication Options:
-----------------------

    -u, --username USERNAME          login with this account ID
    -p, --password PASSWORD          account password. If this option is left out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.
    -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR        two-factor auth code
    -n, --netrc                      use .netrc authentication data
    --video-password PASSWORD        video password (vimeo, smotri)

Post-processing Options:
------------------------

    -x, --extract-audio              convert video files to audio-only files (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or avprobe)
    --audio-format FORMAT            "best", "aac", "vorbis", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", or "wav"; "best" by default
    --audio-quality QUALITY          ffmpeg/avconv audio quality specification, insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
                                     (default 5)
    --recode-video FORMAT            Encode the video to another format if necessary (currently supported: mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv)
    -k, --keep-video                 keeps the video file on disk after the post-processing; the video is erased by default
    --no-post-overwrites             do not overwrite post-processed files; the post-processed files are overwritten by default
    --embed-subs                     embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4 videos)
    --embed-thumbnail                embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
    --add-metadata                   write metadata to the video file
    --xattrs                         write metadata to the video file's xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards)
    --fixup POLICY                   Automatically correct known faults of the file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), detect_or_warn(the default;
                                     fix file if we can, warn otherwise)
    --prefer-avconv                  Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors (default)
    --prefer-ffmpeg                  Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors
    --ffmpeg-location PATH           Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path to the binary or its containing directory.
    --exec CMD                       Execute a command on the file after downloading, similar to find's -exec syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm
                                     {}'
    --convert-subtitles FORMAT       Convert the subtitles to other format (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt)

CONFIGURATION
=============

You can configure youtube-dl by placing default arguments (such as
--extract-audio --no-mtime to always extract the audio and not copy the
mtime) into /etc/youtube-dl.conf and/or ~/.config/youtube-dl/config. On
Windows, the configuration file locations are
%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt and
C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf.

OUTPUT TEMPLATE
===============

The -o option allows users to indicate a template for the output file
names. The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when
downloading a single file, like in
youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video". However, it may
contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each
video. The special sequences have the format %(NAME)s. To clarify, that
is a percent symbol followed by a name in parenthesis, followed by a
lowercase S. Allowed names are:

-   id: The sequence will be replaced by the video identifier.
-   url: The sequence will be replaced by the video URL.
-   uploader: The sequence will be replaced by the nickname of the
    person who uploaded the video.
-   upload_date: The sequence will be replaced by the upload date in
    YYYYMMDD format.
-   title: The sequence will be replaced by the video title.
-   ext: The sequence will be replaced by the appropriate extension
    (like flv or mp4).
-   epoch: The sequence will be replaced by the Unix epoch when creating
    the file.
-   autonumber: The sequence will be replaced by a five-digit number
    that will be increased with each download, starting at zero.
-   playlist: The name or the id of the playlist that contains the
    video.
-   playlist_index: The index of the video in the playlist, a five-digit
    number.

The current default template is %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s.

In some cases, you don't want special characters such as 中, spaces, or
&, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system
or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the
--restrict-filenames flag to get a shorter title:

``` {.bash}
$ youtube-dl --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc
youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭𝕐.mp4    # All kinds of weird characters
$ youtube-dl --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames
youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4          # A simple file name
```

VIDEO SELECTION
===============

Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options --date,
--datebefore or --dateafter, they accept dates in two formats:

-   Absolute dates: Dates in the format YYYYMMDD.
-   Relative dates: Dates in the format
    (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?

Examples:

``` {.bash}
# Download only the videos uploaded in the last 6 months
$ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months

# Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970
$ youtube-dl --date 19700101

$ # will only download the videos uploaded in the 200x decade
$ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
```

FAQ
===

How do I update youtube-dl?

If you've followed our manual installation instructions, you can simply
run youtube-dl -U (or, on Linux, sudo youtube-dl -U).

If you have used pip, a simple sudo pip install -U youtube-dl is
sufficient to update.

If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like apt-get or
yum, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that
distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl
releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply
go to http://yt-dl.org/ to find out the current version. Unfortunately,
there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distributions
serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your
distribution in their bugtracker or support forum.

As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your
package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For
that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like

    sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl

Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation instructions:

    sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
    sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
    hash -r

Again, from then on you'll be able to update with sudo youtube-dl -U.

I'm getting an error Unable to extract OpenGraph title on YouTube playlists

YouTube changed their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so
you'll need at least youtube-dl 2014.07.25 to download all YouTube
videos.

If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py
or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do
not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with
Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to report bugs to the
Ubuntu packaging guys - all they have to do is update the package to a
somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update.

Do I always have to pass in --max-quality FORMAT, or -citw?

By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally,
if you have a convincing case that these should be different, please
file an issue where you explain that). Therefore, it is unnecessary and
sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In
particular, --max-quality limits the video quality (so if you want the
best quality, do NOT pass it in), and the only option out of -citw that
is regularly useful is -i.

Can you please put the -b option back?

Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now
defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by
YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer
need the -b option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not
report them to be available in a specific high quality format you're
interested in. In that case, simply request it with the -f option and
youtube-dl will try to download it.

I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What's this?

Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download
too much. We're considering to provide a way to let you solve the
CAPTCHA, but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a
webbrowser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart
youtube-dl.

I have downloaded a video but how can I play it?

Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as vlc or
mplayer.

I extracted a video URL with -g, but it does not play on another machine / in my webbrowser.

It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video
(to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the
same cookies. Use the --cookies option to write the required cookies
into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file.
Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use
--dump-user-agent to see the one in use by youtube-dl.

It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are
only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of
videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or
user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule.

Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are not supported by
browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using -g, your own
downloader must support these as well.

If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running
youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs
youtube-dl. You can use -o - to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout,
or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl
in turn.

ERROR: no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info

YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is
not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update
youtube-dl.

ERROR: unable to download video

YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is
not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See above for how to update
youtube-dl.

ExtractorError: Could not find JS function u'OF'

In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence
in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube-dl. See
above for how to update youtube-dl.

HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required

These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP
address because of overuse. Contact the service and ask them to unblock
your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address
already - use the --proxy or --network-address options to select another
IP address.

SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character

The error

    File "youtube-dl", line 2
    SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x93' ...

means you're using an outdated version of Python. Please update to
Python 2.6 or 2.7.

What is this binary file? Where has the code gone?

Since June 2012 (#342) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile,
simply unzip it (might need renaming to youtube-dl.zip first on some
systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify
the code, you can run it by executing the __main__.py file. To recompile
the executable, run make youtube-dl.

The exe throws a Runtime error from Visual C++

To run the exe you need to install first the Microsoft Visual C++ 2008
Redistributable Package.

On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files?

If you put youtube-dl and ffmpeg in the same directory that you're
running the command from, it will work, but that's rather cumbersome.

To make a different directory work - either for ffmpeg, or for
youtube-dl, or for both - simply create the directory (say, C:\bin, or
C:\Users\<User name>\bin), put all the executables directly in there,
and then set your PATH environment variable to include that directory.

From then on, after restarting your shell, you will be able to access
both youtube-dl and ffmpeg (and youtube-dl will be able to find ffmpeg)
by simply typing youtube-dl or ffmpeg, no matter what directory you're
in.

How do I put downloads into a specific folder?

Use the -o to specify an output template, for example
-o "/home/user/videos/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s". If you want this for
all of your downloads, put the option into your configuration file.

How do I download a video starting with a - ?

Either prepend http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= or separate the ID from
the options with --:

    youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU
    youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU"

Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free?

As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include
support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule
of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite
obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the
creator, the creator's distributor, or is published under a free
license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl.

A note on the service that they don't host the infringing content, but
just link to those who do, is evidence that the service should not be
included into youtube-dl. The same goes for any DMCA note when the whole
front page of the service is filled with videos they are not allowed to
distribute. A "fair use" note is equally unconvincing if the service
shows copyright-protected videos in full without authorization.

Support requests for services that do purchase the rights to distribute
their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply
include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content.

How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl?

For one, have a look at the list of supported sites. Note that it can
sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from
http://example.com/video/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and
youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In
that case, simply report a bug.

It is not possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's
because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches all URLs.
You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor,
but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from
lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also
be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself.
Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or
removing the generic extractor.

If you want to find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call
youtube-dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances are the URL is
either not referring to a video or unsupported. You can find out which
by examining the output (if you run youtube-dl on the console) or
catching an UnsupportedError exception if you run it from a Python
program.

DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
======================

Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can download the builds
or get them from their distribution.

To run youtube-dl as a developer, you don't need to build anything
either. Simply execute

    python -m youtube_dl

To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a
test file directly; any of the following work:

    python -m unittest discover
    python test/test_download.py
    nosetests

If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you'll need

-   python
-   make
-   pandoc
-   zip
-   nosetests

Adding support for a new site

If you want to add support for a new site, you can follow this quick
list (assuming your service is called yourextractor):

1.  Fork this repository
2.  Check out the source code with
    git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube-dl.git
3.  Start a new git branch with
    cd youtube-dl; git checkout -b yourextractor
4.  Start with this simple template and save it to
    youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py:

    ``` {.python}
    # coding: utf-8
    from __future__ import unicode_literals

    from .common import InfoExtractor


    class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):
        _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
        _TEST = {
            'url': 'http://yourextractor.com/watch/42',
            'md5': 'TODO: md5 sum of the first 10241 bytes of the video file (use --test)',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '42',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Video title goes here',
                'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
                # TODO more properties, either as:
                # * A value
                # * MD5 checksum; start the string with md5:
                # * A regular expression; start the string with re:
                # * Any Python type (for example int or float)
            }
        }

        def _real_extract(self, url):
            video_id = self._match_id(url)
            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

            # TODO more code goes here, for example ...
            title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.*?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')

            return {
                'id': video_id,
                'title': title,
                'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
                # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
            }
    ```

5.  Add an import in youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py.
6.  Run python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor.
    This should fail at first, but you can continually re-run it until
    you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename
    _TEST to _TESTS and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests
    will be then be named TestDownload.test_YourExtractor,
    TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1,
    TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2, etc.
7.  Have a look at youtube_dl/common/extractor/common.py for possible
    helper methods and a detailed description of what your extractor
    should return. Add tests and code for as many as you want.
8.  If you can, check the code with flake8.
9.  When the tests pass, add the new files and commit them and push the
    result, like this:

        $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py
        $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py
        $ git commit -m '[yourextractor] Add new extractor'
        $ git push origin yourextractor

10. Finally, create a pull request. We'll then review and merge it.

In any case, thank you very much for your contributions!

EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL
====================

youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and
thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter
any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a report.

From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful
fashion, like this:

``` {.python}
import youtube_dl

ydl_opts = {}
with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
    ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
```

Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of what can
be done, have a look at youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py. For a start, if you
want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a logger object.

Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors
(and a short message after the download is finished), and
downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:

``` {.python}
import youtube_dl


class MyLogger(object):
    def debug(self, msg):
        pass

    def warning(self, msg):
        pass

    def error(self, msg):
        print(msg)


def my_hook(d):
    if d['status'] == 'finished':
        print('Done downloading, now converting ...')


ydl_opts = {
    'format': 'bestaudio/best',
    'postprocessors': [{
        'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',
        'preferredcodec': 'mp3',
        'preferredquality': '192',
    }],
    'logger': MyLogger(),
    'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
}
with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
    ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
```

BUGS
====

Bugs and suggestions should be reported at:
https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues . Unless you were prompted so
or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the
bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For
discussions, join us in the irc channel #youtube-dl on freenode.

Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with -v.

The output (including the first lines) contain important debugging
information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible
and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever.

Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common
mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist):

Is the description of the issue itself sufficient?

We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most
cases we eventually get the required information after asking back
multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many
contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may
misread some parts.

So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you
want to be fixed. Make sure that it's obvious

-   What the problem is
-   How it could be fixed
-   How your proposed solution would look like

If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing
some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often
too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes
misinterpretation likely. As a commiter myself, I often get frustrated
by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on
them is to ask for clarification over and over.

For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the complete
output of youtube-dl when called with the -v flag. The error message you
get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of
our bug reports do not contain this information.

Site support requests must contain an example URL. An example URL is a
URL you might want to download, like
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc . There should be an obvious
video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of
a video service (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/ ) is not an example URL.

Are you using the latest version?

Before reporting any issue, type youtube-dl -U. This should report that
you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already
fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature
requests as well.

Is the issue already documented?

Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to
open. Search at the top of the window or at
https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues . If there is an
issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me
as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the
issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often
spurs rapid activity.

Why are existing options not enough?

Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of
supported options. Many feature requests are for features that actually
exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue
report and detail how the existing similar options do not solve your
problem.

Is there enough context in your bug report?

People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a favor by
breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting to skip already
downloaded files) to a specific request (e.g. requesting us to look
whether the file exists before downloading the info page). However, what
often happens is that they break down the problem into two steps: One
simple, and one impossible (or extremely complicated one).

We are then presented with a very complicated request when the original
problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the downloaded
video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you must include the
greater context where it is non-obvious. In particular, every feature
request that does not consist of adding support for a new site should
contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation the missing
feature would be useful.

Does the issue involve one problem, and one problem only?

Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues they can or
should open. There is no limit of issues they can or should open. While
it may seem appealing to be able to dump all your issues into one
ticket, that means that someone who solves one of your issues cannot
mark the issue as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads
to the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that behemoth,
until someone mercifully splits the issue into multiple ones.

In particular, every site support request issue should only pertain to
services at one site (generally under a common domain, but always using
the same backend technology). Do not request support for vimeo user
videos, Whitehouse podcasts, and Google Plus pages in the same issue.
Also, make sure that you don't post bug reports alongside feature
requests. As a rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs
of youtube-dl that are not immediately related to the feature at hand.
Do not post reports of a network error alongside the request for a new
video service.

Is anyone going to need the feature?

Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you can
personally talk to) require. Do not post features because they seem like
a good idea. If they are really useful, they will be requested by
someone who requires them.

Is your question about youtube-dl?

It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are completely
unrelated to youtube-dl and relate to a different or even the reporter's
own application. Please make sure that you are actually using
youtube-dl. If you are using a UI for youtube-dl, report the bug to the
maintainer of the actual application providing the UI. On the other
hand, if your UI for youtube-dl fails in some way you believe is related
to youtube-dl, by all means, go ahead and report the bug.

COPYRIGHT
=========

youtube-dl is released into the public domain by the copyright holders.

This README file was originally written by Daniel Bolton
(https://github.com/dbbolton) and is likewise released into the public
domain.

