#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2009 Facebook
# Copyright 2016-2018 xupingmao 578749341@qq.com
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.

"""A simple template system that compiles templates to Python code.

Basic usage looks like::

    t = template.Template("<html>{{ myvalue }}</html>")
    print(t.generate(myvalue="XXX"))

`Loader` is a class that loads templates from a root directory and caches
the compiled templates::

    loader = template.Loader("/home/btaylor")
    print(loader.load("test.html").generate(myvalue="XXX"))

We compile all templates to raw Python. Error-reporting is currently... uh,
interesting. Syntax for the templates::

    ### base.html
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>{% block title %}Default title{% end %}</title>
      </head>
      <body>
        <ul>
          {% for student in students %}
            {% block student %}
              <li>{{ escape(student.name) }}</li>
            {% end %}
          {% end %}
        </ul>
      </body>
    </html>

    ### bold.html
    {% extends "base.html" %}

    {% block title %}A bolder title{% end %}

    {% block student %}
      <li><span style="bold">{{ escape(student.name) }}</span></li>
    {% end %}

Unlike most other template systems, we do not put any restrictions on the
expressions you can include in your statements. ``if`` and ``for`` blocks get
translated exactly into Python, so you can do complex expressions like::

   {% for student in [p for p in people if p.student and p.age > 23] %}
     <li>{{ escape(student.name) }}</li>
   {% end %}

Translating directly to Python means you can apply functions to expressions
easily, like the ``escape()`` function in the examples above. You can pass
functions in to your template just like any other variable
(In a `.RequestHandler`, override `.RequestHandler.get_template_namespace`)::

   ### Python code
   def add(x, y):
      return x + y
   template.execute(add=add)

   ### The template
   {{ add(1, 2) }}

We provide the functions `escape() <.xhtml_escape>`, `.url_escape()`,
`.json_encode()`, and `.squeeze()` to all templates by default.

Typical applications do not create `Template` or `Loader` instances by
hand, but instead use the `~.RequestHandler.render` and
`~.RequestHandler.render_string` methods of
`tornado.web.RequestHandler`, which load templates automatically based
on the ``template_path`` `.Application` setting.

Variable names beginning with ``_tt_`` are reserved by the template
system and should not be used by application code.

Syntax Reference
----------------

Template expressions are surrounded by double curly braces: ``{{ ... }}``.
The contents may be any python expression, which will be escaped according
to the current autoescape setting and inserted into the output.  Other
template directives use ``{% %}``.  These tags may be escaped as ``{{!``
and ``{%!`` if you need to include a literal ``{{`` or ``{%`` in the output.

To comment out a section so that it is omitted from the output, surround it
with ``{# ... #}``.

``{% apply *function* %}...{% end %}``
    Applies a function to the output of all template code between ``apply``
    and ``end``::

        {% apply linkify %}{{name}} said: {{message}}{% end %}

    Note that as an implementation detail apply blocks are implemented
    as nested functions and thus may interact strangely with variables
    set via ``{% set %}``, or the use of ``{% break %}`` or ``{% continue %}``
    within loops.

``{% autoescape *function* %}``
    Sets the autoescape mode for the current file.  This does not affect
    other files, even those referenced by ``{% include %}``.  Note that
    autoescaping can also be configured globally, at the `.Application`
    or `Loader`.::

        {% autoescape xhtml_escape %}
        {% autoescape None %}

``{% block *name* %}...{% end %}``
    Indicates a named, replaceable block for use with ``{% extends %}``.
    Blocks in the parent template will be replaced with the contents of
    the same-named block in a child template.::

        <!-- base.html -->
        <title>{% block title %}Default title{% end %}</title>

        <!-- mypage.html -->
        {% extends "base.html" %}
        {% block title %}My page title{% end %}

``{% comment ... %}``
    A comment which will be removed from the template output.  Note that
    there is no ``{% end %}`` tag; the comment goes from the word ``comment``
    to the closing ``%}`` tag.

``{% extends *filename* %}``
    Inherit from another template.  Templates that use ``extends`` should
    contain one or more ``block`` tags to replace content from the parent
    template.  Anything in the child template not contained in a ``block``
    tag will be ignored.  For an example, see the ``{% block %}`` tag.

``{% for *var* in *expr* %}...{% end %}``
    Same as the python ``for`` statement.  ``{% break %}`` and
    ``{% continue %}`` may be used inside the loop.

``{% from *x* import *y* %}``
    Same as the python ``import`` statement.

``{% if *condition* %}...{% elif *condition* %}...{% else %}...{% end %}``
    Conditional statement - outputs the first section whose condition is
    true.  (The ``elif`` and ``else`` sections are optional)

``{% import *module* %}``
    Same as the python ``import`` statement.

``{% include *filename* %}``
    Includes another template file.  The included file can see all the local
    variables as if it were copied directly to the point of the ``include``
    directive (the ``{% autoescape %}`` directive is an exception).
    Alternately, ``{% module Template(filename, **kwargs) %}`` may be used
    to include another template with an isolated namespace.

``{% module *expr* %}``
    Renders a `~tornado.web.UIModule`.  The output of the ``UIModule`` is
    not escaped::

        {% module Template("foo.html", arg=42) %}

    ``UIModules`` are a feature of the `tornado.web.RequestHandler`
    class (and specifically its ``render`` method) and will not work
    when the template system is used on its own in other contexts.

``{% raw *expr* %}``
    Outputs the result of the given expression without autoescaping.

``{% set *x* = *y* %}``
    Sets a local variable.

``{% try %}...{% except %}...{% else %}...{% finally %}...{% end %}``
    Same as the python ``try`` statement.

``{% while *condition* %}... {% end %}``
    Same as the python ``while`` statement.  ``{% break %}`` and
    ``{% continue %}`` may be used inside the loop.

``{% whitespace *mode* %}``
    Sets the whitespace mode for the remainder of the current file
    (or until the next ``{% whitespace %}`` directive). See
    `filter_whitespace` for available options. New in Tornado 4.3.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, with_statement

import datetime
import linecache
import os.path
import posixpath
import re
import threading
import typing

from . import escape
from .log import app_log
from .util import ObjectDict, exec_in, unicode_type
from io import StringIO  # py3

_DEFAULT_AUTOESCAPE = "xhtml_escape"
_UNSET = object()


def filter_whitespace(mode, text):
    """Transform whitespace in ``text`` according to ``mode``.

    Available modes are:

    * ``all``: Return all whitespace unmodified.
    * ``single``: Collapse consecutive whitespace with a single whitespace
      character, preserving newlines.
    * ``oneline``: Collapse all runs of whitespace into a single space
      character, removing all newlines in the process.

    .. versionadded:: 4.3
    """
    if mode == 'all':
        return text
    elif mode == 'single':
        text = re.sub(r"([\t ]+)", " ", text)
        text = re.sub(r"(\s*\n\s*)", "\n", text)
        return text
    elif mode == 'oneline':
        return re.sub(r"(\s+)", " ", text)
    else:
        raise Exception("invalid whitespace mode %s" % mode)

def get_value(g, namelist):
    """Get the value of template expression"""
    name = namelist[0]

    if name not in g:
        return ""

    value = g[name]
    for attr in namelist[1:]:
        if not hasattr(value, attr):
            return ""
        value = getattr(value, attr)
    return value

class Template(object):
    """A compiled template.

    We compile into Python from the given template_string. You can generate
    the template from variables with generate().
    """
    # note that the constructor's signature is not extracted with
    # autodoc because _UNSET looks like garbage.  When changing
    # this signature update website/sphinx/template.rst too.
    def __init__(self, template_string:typing.Union[str, bytes], name="<string>", loader: typing.Optional["BaseLoader"]=None,
                 compress_whitespace=_UNSET, autoescape=_UNSET,
                 whitespace=None):
        """Construct a Template.

        :arg str template_string: the contents of the template file.
        :arg str name: the filename from which the template was loaded
            (used for error message).
        :arg tornado.template.BaseLoader loader: the `~tornado.template.BaseLoader` responsible for this template,
            used to resolve ``{% include %}`` and ``{% extend %}``
            directives.
        :arg bool compress_whitespace: Deprecated since Tornado 4.3.
            Equivalent to ``whitespace="single"`` if true and
            ``whitespace="all"`` if false.
        :arg str autoescape: The name of a function in the template
            namespace, or ``None`` to disable escaping by default.
        :arg str whitespace: A string specifying treatment of whitespace;
            see `filter_whitespace` for options.

        .. versionchanged:: 4.3
           Added ``whitespace`` parameter; deprecated ``compress_whitespace``.
        """
        self.name = escape.native_str(name)

        if compress_whitespace is not _UNSET:
            # Convert deprecated compress_whitespace (bool) to whitespace (str).
            if whitespace is not None:
                raise Exception("cannot set both whitespace and compress_whitespace")
            whitespace = "single" if compress_whitespace else "all"
        if whitespace is None:
            if loader and loader.whitespace:
                whitespace = loader.whitespace
            else:
                # Whitespace defaults by filename.
                if name.endswith(".html") or name.endswith(".js"):
                    whitespace = "single"
                else:
                    whitespace = "all"
        # Validate the whitespace setting.
        filter_whitespace(whitespace, '')

        if autoescape is not _UNSET:
            self.autoescape = autoescape
        elif loader:
            self.autoescape = loader.autoescape
        else:
            self.autoescape = _DEFAULT_AUTOESCAPE

        self.namespace = loader.namespace if loader else {}
        reader = _TemplateReader(name, escape.native_str(template_string),
                                 whitespace)
        self.file = _File(self, _parse(reader, self))
        self.code = self._generate_python(loader)
        self.loader = loader
        try:
            # Under python2.5, the fake filename used here must match
            # the module name used in __name__ below.
            # The dont_inherit flag prevents template.py's future imports
            # from being applied to the generated code.
            self.compiled = compile(
                escape.to_unicode(self.code),
                "%s.generated.py" % self.name.replace('.', '_'),
                "exec", dont_inherit=True)
        except Exception:
            formatted_code = _format_code(self.code).rstrip()
            app_log.error("%s code:\n%s", self.name, formatted_code)
            raise

    def generate(self, **kwargs) -> bytes:
        """Generate this template with the given arguments."""
        namespace = {
            "escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
            "xhtml_escape": escape.xhtml_escape,
            "url_escape": escape.url_escape,
            "json_encode": escape.json_encode,
            "squeeze": escape.squeeze,
            "linkify": escape.linkify,
            "datetime": datetime,
            "get_value": get_value,
            "_tt_utf8": escape.utf8,  # for internal use
            "_tt_string_types": (unicode_type, bytes),
            # __name__ and __loader__ allow the traceback mechanism to find
            # the generated source code.
            "__name__": self.name.replace('.', '_'),
            "__loader__": ObjectDict(get_source=lambda name: self.code),
        }
        namespace.update(self.namespace)
        namespace.update(kwargs)
        exec_in(self.compiled, namespace)
        execute = namespace["_tt_execute"]
        # Clear the traceback module's cache of source data now that
        # we've generated a new template (mainly for this module's
        # unittests, where different tests reuse the same name).
        linecache.clearcache()
        return execute()

    def _generate_python(self, loader) -> str:
        buffer = StringIO()
        try:
            # named_blocks maps from names to _NamedBlock objects
            named_blocks = {}
            ancestors = self._get_ancestors(loader)
            ancestors.reverse()
            for ancestor in ancestors:
                ancestor.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)
            writer = _CodeWriter(buffer, named_blocks, loader,
                                 ancestors[0].template)
            ancestors[0].generate(writer)
            return buffer.getvalue()
        finally:
            buffer.close()

    def _get_ancestors(self, loader):
        ancestors = [self.file]
        for chunk in self.file.body.chunks:
            if isinstance(chunk, _ExtendsBlock):
                if not loader:
                    raise ParseError("{% extends %} block found, but no "
                                     "template loader", self.name, 0)
                template = loader.load(chunk.name, self.name)
                ancestors.extend(template._get_ancestors(loader))
        return ancestors


class BaseLoader(object):
    """Base class for template loaders.

    You must use a template loader to use template constructs like
    ``{% extends %}`` and ``{% include %}``. The loader caches all
    templates after they are loaded the first time.
    """
    def __init__(self, autoescape=_DEFAULT_AUTOESCAPE, namespace=None,
                 whitespace=None):
        """Construct a template loader.

        :arg str autoescape: The name of a function in the template
            namespace, such as "xhtml_escape", or ``None`` to disable
            autoescaping by default.
        :arg dict namespace: A dictionary to be added to the default template
            namespace, or ``None``.
        :arg str whitespace: A string specifying default behavior for
            whitespace in templates; see `filter_whitespace` for options.
            Default is "single" for files ending in ".html" and ".js" and
            "all" for other files.

        .. versionchanged:: 4.3
           Added ``whitespace`` parameter.
        """
        self.autoescape = autoescape
        self.namespace = namespace or {}
        self.whitespace = whitespace
        self.templates = {}
        # self.lock protects self.templates.  It's a reentrant lock
        # because templates may load other templates via `include` or
        # `extends`.  Note that thanks to the GIL this code would be safe
        # even without the lock, but could lead to wasted work as multiple
        # threads tried to compile the same template simultaneously.
        self.lock = threading.RLock()

    def reset(self):
        """Resets the cache of compiled templates."""
        with self.lock:
            self.templates = {}

    def resolve_path(self, name, parent_path=None):
        """Converts a possibly-relative path to absolute (used internally)."""
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def load(self, name, parent_path=None) -> Template:
        """Loads a template."""
        name = self.resolve_path(name, parent_path=parent_path)
        with self.lock:
            if name not in self.templates:
                self.templates[name] = self._create_template(name)
            return self.templates[name]

    def _create_template(self, name):
        raise NotImplementedError()


class Loader(BaseLoader):
    """A template loader that loads from a single root directory.
    """
    def __init__(self, root_directory, **kwargs):
        super(Loader, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.root = os.path.abspath(root_directory)

    def resolve_path(self, name, parent_path=None):
        if parent_path and not parent_path.startswith("<") and \
            not parent_path.startswith("/") and \
                not name.startswith("/"):
            current_path = os.path.join(self.root, parent_path)
            file_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(current_path))
            relative_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(file_dir, name))
            if relative_path.startswith(self.root):
                name = relative_path[len(self.root) + 1:]
        return name

    def _create_template(self, name):
        path = os.path.join(self.root, name)
        with open(path, "rb") as f:
            template = Template(f.read(), name=name, loader=self)
            return template


class DictLoader(BaseLoader):
    """A template loader that loads from a dictionary."""
    def __init__(self, dict, **kwargs):
        super(DictLoader, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dict = dict

    def resolve_path(self, name: str, parent_path=None):
        if parent_path and not parent_path.startswith("<") and \
            not parent_path.startswith("/") and \
                not name.startswith("/"):
            file_dir = posixpath.dirname(parent_path)
            name = posixpath.normpath(posixpath.join(file_dir, name))
        return name

    def _create_template(self, name):
        return Template(self.dict[name], name=name, loader=self)


class _Node(object):
    def each_child(self):
        # type: () -> tuple[_Node]
        return () # type: ignore

    def generate(self, writer):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def find_named_blocks(self, loader: Loader, named_blocks):
        for child in self.each_child():
            child.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)


class _File(_Node):
    def __init__(self, template: Template, body: "_ChunkList"):
        self.template = template
        self.body = body
        self.line = 0

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        writer.write_line("def _tt_execute():", self.line)
        with writer.indent():
            writer.write_line("_tt_buffer = []", self.line)
            writer.write_line("_tt_append = _tt_buffer.append", self.line)
            self.body.generate(writer)
            writer.write_line("return _tt_utf8('').join(_tt_buffer)", self.line)

    def each_child(self):
        return (self.body,)


class _ChunkList(_Node):
    def __init__(self, chunks):
        # type: (list[_Node]) -> None
        self.chunks = chunks

    def generate(self, writer):
        for chunk in self.chunks:
            chunk.generate(writer)

    def each_child(self):
        return self.chunks


class _NamedBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, name: str, body: "_ChunkList", template: "Template", line: int):
        self.name = name
        self.body = body
        self.template = template
        self.line = line

    def each_child(self):
        return (self.body,)

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        block = writer.named_blocks[self.name]
        with writer.include(block.template, self.line):
            block.body.generate(writer)

    def find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks):
        named_blocks[self.name] = self
        _Node.find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks)


class _ExtendsBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name


class _IncludeBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, name: str, reader: "_TemplateReader", line: int):
        self.name = name
        self.template_name = reader.name
        self.line = line

    def find_named_blocks(self, loader, named_blocks):
        included = loader.load(self.name, self.template_name)
        included.file.find_named_blocks(loader, named_blocks)

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        included = writer.loader.load(self.name, self.template_name)
        with writer.include(included, self.line):
            included.file.body.generate(writer)


class _ApplyBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, method, line, body: _ChunkList):
        self.method = method
        self.line = line
        self.body = body

    def each_child(self):
        return (self.body,)

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        method_name = "_tt_apply%d" % writer.apply_counter
        writer.apply_counter += 1
        writer.write_line("def %s():" % method_name, self.line)
        with writer.indent():
            writer.write_line("_tt_buffer = []", self.line)
            writer.write_line("_tt_append = _tt_buffer.append", self.line)
            self.body.generate(writer)
            writer.write_line("return _tt_utf8('').join(_tt_buffer)", self.line)
        writer.write_line("_tt_append(_tt_utf8(%s(%s())))" % (
            self.method, method_name), self.line)


class _ControlBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, statement: str, line: int, body: _Node):
        self.statement = statement
        self.line = line
        self.body = body

    def each_child(self):
        return (self.body,)

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        writer.write_line("%s:" % self.statement, self.line)
        with writer.indent():
            self.body.generate(writer)
            # Just in case the body was empty
            writer.write_line("pass", self.line)


class _IntermediateControlBlock(_Node):
    def __init__(self, statement, line):
        self.statement = statement
        self.line = line

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        # In case the previous block was empty
        writer.write_line("pass", self.line)
        writer.write_line("%s:" % self.statement, self.line, writer.indent_size() - 1)


class _Statement(_Node):
    def __init__(self, statement: str, line: int):
        self.statement = statement
        self.line = line

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        writer.write_line(self.statement, self.line)


class _Expression(_Node):
    def __init__(self, expression:str, line, raw=False):
        self.expression = expression
        self.line = line
        self.raw = raw

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        if self.expression[0] == '?': # support default value, modified by xupingmao
            name = self.expression[1:]
            values = name.split(",")
            if len(values) == 2:
                name = values[0]
                default_value = values[1]
            else:
                default_value = "''"
            writer.write_line("try:_tt_tmp=%s" % name, self.line)
            writer.write_line("except:_tt_tmp=%s" % default_value, self.line)
        else:
            writer.write_line("_tt_tmp = %s" % self.expression, self.line)
        writer.write_line("if isinstance(_tt_tmp, _tt_string_types):"
                          " _tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(_tt_tmp)", self.line)
        writer.write_line("else: _tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(str(_tt_tmp))", self.line)
        if not self.raw and writer.current_template.autoescape is not None:
            # In python3 functions like xhtml_escape return unicode,
            # so we have to convert to utf8 again.
            writer.write_line("_tt_tmp = _tt_utf8(%s(_tt_tmp))" %
                              writer.current_template.autoescape, self.line)
        writer.write_line("_tt_append(_tt_tmp)", self.line)

class _Init(_Node):

    def __init__(self, expression: str, line):
        self.expression = expression
        self.line = line

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        name, value = self.expression.split("=", 1)
        name = name.strip()
        line = "if %r not in globals(): globals()[%r] = %s" % (name, name, value)
        writer.write_line(line, self.line)

class _SetGlobal(_Node):

    def __init__(self, expression: str, line):
        self.expression = expression
        self.line = line

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        name, value = self.expression.split("=", 1)
        name = name.strip()
        line = "globals()[%r] = %s" % (name, value)
        writer.write_line(line, self.line)

class _Render(_Node):
    def __init__(self, expression: str, line):
        self.expr = _Expression(f"{expression}.render()", line, raw=True)

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        return self.expr.generate(writer)

class _Module(_Expression):
    def __init__(self, expression, line):
        super(_Module, self).__init__("_tt_modules." + expression, line,
                                      raw=True)


class _Text(_Node):
    def __init__(self, value, line, whitespace):
        self.value = value
        self.line = line
        self.whitespace = whitespace

    def generate(self, writer: "_CodeWriter"):
        value = self.value

        # Compress whitespace if requested, with a crude heuristic to avoid
        # altering preformatted whitespace.
        if "<pre>" not in value:
            value = filter_whitespace(self.whitespace, value)

        if value:
            writer.write_line('_tt_append(%r)' % escape.utf8(value), self.line)


class ParseError(Exception):
    """Raised for template syntax errors.

    ``ParseError`` instances have ``filename`` and ``lineno`` attributes
    indicating the position of the error.

    .. versionchanged:: 4.3
       Added ``filename`` and ``lineno`` attributes.
    """
    def __init__(self, message, filename, lineno):
        self.message = message
        # The names "filename" and "lineno" are chosen for consistency
        # with python SyntaxError.
        self.filename = filename
        self.lineno = lineno

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s at %s:%d' % (self.message, self.filename, self.lineno)


class _CodeWriter(object):
    def __init__(self, file, named_blocks, loader: Loader, current_template: Template):
        self.file = file
        self.named_blocks = named_blocks
        self.loader = loader
        self.current_template = current_template
        self.apply_counter = 0
        self.include_stack = [] # type: list[tuple[Template, int]]
        self._indent = 0

    def indent_size(self):
        return self._indent

    def indent(self):
        class Indenter(object):
            def __enter__(_):
                self._indent += 1
                return self

            def __exit__(_, *args):
                assert self._indent > 0
                self._indent -= 1

        return Indenter()

    def include(self, template: Template, line):
        self.include_stack.append((self.current_template, line))
        self.current_template = template

        class IncludeTemplate(object):
            def __enter__(_):
                return self

            def __exit__(_, *args):
                self.current_template = self.include_stack.pop()[0]

        return IncludeTemplate()

    def write_line(self, line, line_number:int, indent=None):
        if indent is None:
            indent = self._indent
        line_comment = '  # %s:%d' % (self.current_template.name, line_number)
        if self.include_stack:
            ancestors = ["%s:%d" % (tmpl.name, lineno)
                         for (tmpl, lineno) in self.include_stack]
            line_comment += ' (via %s)' % ', '.join(reversed(ancestors))
        print("    " * indent + line + line_comment, file=self.file)


class _TemplateReader(object):
    def __init__(self, name:str, text: str, whitespace: str):
        self.name = name
        self.text = text
        self.whitespace = whitespace
        self.line = 1
        self.pos = 0 # type:int

    def find(self, needle:str, start=0, end=None):
        assert start >= 0, start
        pos = self.pos
        start += pos
        if end is None:
            index = self.text.find(needle, start)
        else:
            end += pos
            assert end >= start
            index = self.text.find(needle, start, end)
        if index != -1:
            index -= pos
        return index

    def consume(self, count=None):
        if count is None:
            count = len(self.text) - self.pos
        newpos = self.pos + count
        self.line += self.text.count("\n", self.pos, newpos)
        s = self.text[self.pos:newpos]
        self.pos = newpos
        return s

    def remaining(self):
        return len(self.text) - self.pos

    def __len__(self):
        return self.remaining()

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if type(key) is slice:
            size = len(self)
            start, stop, step = key.indices(size)
            if start is None:
                start = self.pos
            else:
                start += self.pos
            if stop is not None:
                stop += self.pos
            return self.text[slice(start, stop, step)]
        elif key < 0:
            return self.text[key]
        else:
            return self.text[self.pos + key]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.text[self.pos:]

    def raise_parse_error(self, msg):
        raise ParseError(msg, self.name, self.line)


def _format_code(code: str):
    lines = code.splitlines()
    format = "%%%dd  %%s\n" % len(repr(len(lines) + 1))
    return "".join([format % (i + 1, line) for (i, line) in enumerate(lines)])


def _parse(reader: _TemplateReader, template, in_block=None, in_loop=None):
    body = _ChunkList([])
    while True:
        # Find next template directive
        curly = 0
        while True:
            curly = reader.find("{", curly)
            if curly == -1 or curly + 1 == reader.remaining():
                # EOF
                if in_block:
                    reader.raise_parse_error(
                        "Missing {%% end %%} block for %s" % in_block)
                body.chunks.append(_Text(reader.consume(), reader.line,
                                         reader.whitespace))
                return body
            # If the first curly brace is not the start of a special token,
            # start searching from the character after it
            if reader[curly + 1] not in ("{", "%", "#"):
                curly += 1
                continue
            # When there are more than 2 curlies in a row, use the
            # innermost ones.  This is useful when generating languages
            # like latex where curlies are also meaningful
            if (curly + 2 < reader.remaining() and
                    reader[curly + 1] == '{' and reader[curly + 2] == '{'):
                curly += 1
                continue
            break

        # Append any text before the special token
        if curly > 0:
            cons = reader.consume(curly)
            body.chunks.append(_Text(cons, reader.line,
                                     reader.whitespace))

        start_brace = reader.consume(2)
        line = reader.line

        # Template directives may be escaped as "{{!" or "{%!".
        # In this case output the braces and consume the "!".
        # This is especially useful in conjunction with jquery templates,
        # which also use double braces.
        if reader.remaining() and reader[0] == "!":
            reader.consume(1)
            body.chunks.append(_Text(start_brace, line,
                                     reader.whitespace))
            continue

        # Comment
        if start_brace == "{#":
            end = reader.find("#}")
            if end == -1:
                reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end comment #}")
            contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
            reader.consume(2)
            continue

        # Expression
        if start_brace == "{{":
            end = reader.find("}}")
            if end == -1:
                reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end expression }}")
            contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
            reader.consume(2)
            if not contents:
                reader.raise_parse_error("Empty expression")
            body.chunks.append(_Expression(contents, line))
            continue

        # Block
        assert start_brace == "{%", start_brace
        end = reader.find("%}")
        if end == -1:
            reader.raise_parse_error("Missing end block %}")
        contents = reader.consume(end).strip()
        reader.consume(2)
        if not contents:
            reader.raise_parse_error("Empty block tag ({% %})")

        operator, space, suffix = contents.partition(" ")
        suffix = suffix.strip()

        # Intermediate ("else", "elif", etc) blocks
        intermediate_blocks = {
            "else": set(["if", "for", "while", "try"]),
            "elif": set(["if"]),
            "except": set(["try"]),
            "finally": set(["try"]),
        }
        allowed_parents = intermediate_blocks.get(operator)
        if allowed_parents is not None:
            if not in_block:
                reader.raise_parse_error("%s outside %s block" %
                                         (operator, allowed_parents))
            if in_block not in allowed_parents:
                reader.raise_parse_error(
                    "%s block cannot be attached to %s block" %
                    (operator, in_block))
            body.chunks.append(_IntermediateControlBlock(contents, line))
            continue

        # End tag
        elif operator == "end":
            if not in_block:
                reader.raise_parse_error("Extra {% end %} block")
            return body

        elif operator in ("extends", "include", "set", "import", "from",
                          "comment", "autoescape", "whitespace", "raw",
                          "module", "init", "set-global", "render"):
            if operator == "comment":
                continue
            if operator == "extends":
                suffix = suffix.strip('"').strip("'")
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("extends missing file path")
                block = _ExtendsBlock(suffix)
            elif operator in ("import", "from"):
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("import missing statement")
                block = _Statement(contents, line)
            elif operator == "include":
                suffix = suffix.strip('"').strip("'")
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("include missing file path")
                block = _IncludeBlock(suffix, reader, line)
            elif operator == "set":
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("set missing statement")
                block = _Statement(suffix, line)
            elif operator == "autoescape":
                fn = suffix.strip()
                if fn == "None":
                    fn = None
                template.autoescape = fn
                continue
            elif operator == "whitespace":
                mode = suffix.strip()
                # Validate the selected mode
                filter_whitespace(mode, '')
                reader.whitespace = mode
                continue
            elif operator == "raw":
                block = _Expression(suffix, line, raw=True)
            elif operator == "module":
                block = _Module(suffix, line)
            elif operator == "init":
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("init missing statement")
                block = _Init(suffix, line)
            elif operator == "set-global":
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("set-global missing statement")
                block = _SetGlobal(suffix, line)
            elif operator == "render":
                block = _Render(suffix, line)
            body.chunks.append(block)
            continue

        elif operator in ("apply", "block", "try", "if", "for", "while"):
            # parse inner body recursively
            if operator in ("for", "while"):
                block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, operator)
            elif operator == "apply":
                # apply creates a nested function so syntactically it's not
                # in the loop.
                block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, None)
            else:
                block_body = _parse(reader, template, operator, in_loop)

            if operator == "apply":
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("apply missing method name")
                block = _ApplyBlock(suffix, line, block_body)
            elif operator == "block":
                if not suffix:
                    reader.raise_parse_error("block missing name")
                block = _NamedBlock(suffix, block_body, template, line)
            else:
                block = _ControlBlock(contents, line, block_body)
            body.chunks.append(block)
            continue

        elif operator in ("break", "continue"):
            if not in_loop:
                reader.raise_parse_error("%s outside %s block" %
                                         (operator, set(["for", "while"])))
            body.chunks.append(_Statement(contents, line))
            continue

        else:
            reader.raise_parse_error("unknown operator: %r" % operator)
