"""
Vishnu session.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import

from http.cookies import Morsel
from http.cookies import SimpleCookie

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import hashlib
import hmac
import logging
import sys
import uuid

from vishnu.cipher import AESCipher
from vishnu.backend.config import Base as BackendConfig

# constant used for specifying this cookie should expire at the end of the session
TIMEOUT_SESSION = "timeout_session"

SECRET_MIN_LEN = 32
ENCRYPT_KEY_MIN_LEN = 32

DEFAULT_COOKIE_NAME = "vishnu"
DEFAULT_PATH = "/"

SIG_LENGTH = 128
SID_LENGTH = 32
EXPIRES_FORMAT = "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT"


class Config(object):

    def __init__(self, secret, cookie_name=None, encrypt_key=None,
                 secure=True, domain=None, path=None, http_only=True,
                 auto_save=False, timeout=None, backend=None):

        self._secret = secret
        if self._secret is None or len(self._secret) < SECRET_MIN_LEN:
            raise ValueError("Secret should be at least %i characters" % SECRET_MIN_LEN)

        if cookie_name is None:
            cookie_name = DEFAULT_COOKIE_NAME

        # todo: check cookie name is a string

        self._cookie_name = cookie_name

        self._encrypt_key = encrypt_key
        if self._encrypt_key is not None and len(self._encrypt_key) < ENCRYPT_KEY_MIN_LEN:
            raise ValueError("Encrypt key should be at least %i characters" % ENCRYPT_KEY_MIN_LEN)

        # todo: check secure is a bool

        self._secure = secure

        # todo: check domain is a string

        self._domain = domain

        if path is None:
            path = DEFAULT_PATH

        # todo: check path is a string

        self._path = path

        # todo: check http_only is a bool

        self._http_only = http_only

        # todo: check auto save is a bool

        self._auto_save = auto_save

        self._timeout = None
        if timeout is not None:
            try:
                self._timeout = int(timeout)
            except ValueError:
                raise TypeError("timeout must be a non-negative integer")

            if self._timeout < 0:
                raise TypeError("timeout must be a non-negative integer")

        if backend is None or not isinstance(backend, BackendConfig):
            raise TypeError("unknown backend configuration received")
        self._backend = backend

    @property
    def secret(self):
        """
        :return: secret used for HMAC signature
        :rtype: string
        """
        return self._secret

    @property
    def cookie_name(self):
        """
        :return: the name for the cookie
        :rtype: string
        """
        return self._cookie_name

    @property
    def encrypt_key(self):
        """
        :return: key to use for encryption
        :rtype: string
        """
        return self._encrypt_key

    @property
    def secure(self):
        """
        :return: whether the cookie can only be transmitted over HTTPS
        :rtype: boolean
        """
        return self._secure

    @property
    def domain(self):
        """
        :return: the domain the cookie is valid for
        :rtype: string
        """
        return self._domain

    @property
    def path(self):
        """
        :return: the path the cookie is valid for
        :rtype: string
        """
        return self._path

    @property
    def http_only(self):
        """
        :return: whether the cookie should only be sent over HTTP/HTTPS
        :rtype: boolean
        """
        return self._http_only

    @property
    def auto_save(self):
        """
        :return: whether this session should auto save
        :rtype: boolean
        """
        return self._auto_save

    @property
    def timeout(self):
        return self._timeout

    @timeout.setter
    def timeout(self, value):
        self._timeout = value

    @property
    def backend(self):
        """
        :return: config for desired backend
        :rtype: vishnu.backend.config.Base
        """
        return self._backend


class Session(object):
    """The vishnu session object."""

    def __init__(self, environ, config):

        self._environ = environ

        self._send_cookie = False
        self._expire_cookie = False
        self._started = False

        self._sid = Session.generate_sid()
        self._loaded = False
        self._needs_save = False

        # todo: check config is correct class
        self._config = config

        # attempt to load an existing cookie
        self._load_cookie()
        self._backend_client = self._config.backend.client_from_config(self._sid)

        # calculate the expiry date if a timeout exists (must be done after client setup)
        if self._config.timeout:
            self._calculate_expires()




    @classmethod
    def generate_sid(cls):
        """
        :return: generates a unique ID for use by a session
        :rtype: string
        """
        return uuid.uuid4().hex

    @property
    def started(self):
        """
        Has the session been started?
         - True if autosave is on and session has been modified
         - True if autosave is off if session has been saved at least once
         - True is a matching persistent session was found
        """
        return self._started

    @property
    def auto_save(self):
        return self._config.auto_save

    @property
    def needs_save(self):
        """Does this session need to be saved."""
        return self._needs_save

    @property
    def timeout(self):
        """Fetch the current timeout value for this session"""
        return self._config.timeout

    @timeout.setter
    def timeout(self, value):
        """Sets a custom timeout value for this session"""

        if value == TIMEOUT_SESSION:
            self._config.timeout = None
            self._backend_client.expires = None
        else:
            self._config.timeout = value
            self._calculate_expires()

    def _calculate_expires(self):
        """Calculates the session expiry using the timeout"""
        self._backend_client.expires = None

        now = datetime.utcnow()
        self._backend_client.expires = now + timedelta(seconds=self._config.timeout)

    def _load_cookie(self):
        """Loads HTTP Cookie from environ"""

        cookie = SimpleCookie(self._environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE'))
        vishnu_keys = [key for key in cookie.keys() if key == self._config.cookie_name]

        # no session was started yet
        if not vishnu_keys:
            return

        morsel = cookie[vishnu_keys[0]]
        morsel_value = morsel.value

        if self._config.encrypt_key:
            cipher = AESCipher(self._config.encrypt_key)
            morsel_value = cipher.decrypt(morsel_value)

        received_sid = Session.decode_sid(self._config.secret, morsel_value)
        if received_sid:
            self._sid = received_sid
        else:
            logging.warn("found cookie with invalid signature")

    def header(self):
        """Generates HTTP header for this cookie."""

        if self._send_cookie:
            morsel = Morsel()
            cookie_value = Session.encode_sid(self._config.secret, self._sid)
            if self._config.encrypt_key:
                cipher = AESCipher(self._config.encrypt_key)
                cookie_value = cipher.encrypt(cookie_value)

                if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
                    cookie_value = cookie_value.decode()

            morsel.set(self._config.cookie_name, cookie_value, cookie_value)

            # domain
            if self._config.domain:
                morsel["domain"] = self._config.domain

            # path
            if self._config.path:
                morsel["path"] = self._config.path
            # expires
            if self._expire_cookie:
                morsel["expires"] = "Wed, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:00 GMT"
            elif self._backend_client.expires:
                morsel["expires"] = self._backend_client.expires.strftime(EXPIRES_FORMAT)

            # secure
            if self._config.secure:
                morsel["secure"] = True

            # http only
            if self._config.http_only:
                morsel["httponly"] = True

            return morsel.OutputString()
        else:
            return None

    @classmethod
    def encode_sid(cls, secret, sid):
        """Computes the HMAC for the given session id."""

        secret_bytes = secret.encode("utf-8")
        sid_bytes = sid.encode("utf-8")

        sig = hmac.new(secret_bytes, sid_bytes, hashlib.sha512).hexdigest()
        return "%s%s" % (sig, sid)

    @classmethod
    def is_signature_equal(cls, sig_a, sig_b):
        """Compares two signatures using a constant time algorithm to avoid timing attacks."""
        if len(sig_a) != len(sig_b):
            return False

        invalid_chars = 0
        for char_a, char_b in zip(sig_a, sig_b):
            if char_a != char_b:
                invalid_chars += 1
        return invalid_chars == 0

    @classmethod
    def decode_sid(cls, secret, cookie_value):
        """Decodes a cookie value and returns the sid if value or None if invalid."""
        if len(cookie_value) > SIG_LENGTH + SID_LENGTH:
            logging.warn("cookie value is incorrect length")
            return None

        cookie_sig = cookie_value[:SIG_LENGTH]
        cookie_sid = cookie_value[SIG_LENGTH:]

        secret_bytes = secret.encode("utf-8")
        cookie_sid_bytes = cookie_sid.encode("utf-8")

        actual_sig = hmac.new(secret_bytes, cookie_sid_bytes, hashlib.sha512).hexdigest()

        if not Session.is_signature_equal(cookie_sig, actual_sig):
            return None

        return cookie_sid

    def save(self, sync_only=False):

        # saving a session marks it as started
        self._started = True

        self._backend_client.save(sync_only)

        self._expire_cookie = False
        self._send_cookie = True
        self._needs_save = False

    def terminate(self):
        """Terminates an active session"""
        self._backend_client.clear()
        self._needs_save = False
        self._started = False
        self._expire_cookie = True
        self._send_cookie = True

    def get(self, key):
        """Retrieve a value from the session dictionary"""
        self._started = self._backend_client.load()
        self._needs_save = True

        return self._backend_client.get(key)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        """Set a value in the session dictionary"""
        self._started = self._backend_client.load()
        self._needs_save = True

        # if autosave is on then a session is automatically started when set
        if self._config.auto_save:
            self._started = True

        self._backend_client[key] = value
