import React, { useMemo, useEffect } from "react";
import * as THREE from "three";
import { InstancedMesh2 } from "@three.ez/instanced-mesh";
import { MeshoptSimplifier } from "meshoptimizer";
import { BatchedMeshHoverOutlines } from "./BatchedMeshHoverOutlines";
import { useThree } from "@react-three/fiber";

// Define the types of LOD settings.
// - "off": No LOD.
// - "auto": Built-in heuristic to compute LOD levels based on geometry
//   complexity.
// - [number, number][]: Array of [distance, simplification_ratio] pairs
//   where distance is the camera distance threshold and simplification_ratio
//   is the fraction of triangles to keep (0.0 to 1.0).
type LodSetting = "off" | "auto" | [number, number][];

// Helper function to create LODs for the mesh.
function createLODs(
  mesh: InstancedMesh2,
  geometry: THREE.BufferGeometry,
  material: THREE.Material | THREE.Material[],
  lod: LodSetting,
): { geometries: THREE.BufferGeometry[]; materials: THREE.Material[] } {
  if (!mesh || !geometry || lod === "off") {
    return { geometries: [], materials: [] };
  }

  // Calculate LOD settings.
  let ratios: number[] = [];
  let distances: number[] = [];
  geometry.computeBoundingSphere();

  if (lod === "auto") {
    // Automatic LOD settings based on geometry complexity.
    const boundingRadius = geometry.boundingSphere!.radius;
    const vertexCount = geometry.attributes.position.count;
    let baseMultipliers: number[] = [];

    // 1. Compute LOD ratios based on vertex count.
    if (vertexCount < 256) {
      // Very simple meshes: skip LOD.
      return { geometries: [], materials: [] };
    } else if (vertexCount < 1024) {
      // 256 ~ 1024 vertices: just make super small when far away.
      ratios = [0.25];
      baseMultipliers = [2];
    } else if (vertexCount < 8192) {
      // 1024 ~ 8192 vertices: downsample to half and quarter size.
      ratios = [0.5, 0.25];
      baseMultipliers = [1, 8];
    } else {
      // Largest meshes: downsample to 8192, 2048, and 512 vertices.
      ratios = [8192 / vertexCount, 2048 / vertexCount, 512 / vertexCount];
      baseMultipliers = [1, 2, 8];
    }

    // 2. Compute LOD distances based on bounding radius.
    const sizeFactor = Math.sqrt(boundingRadius + 1e-5);
    distances = baseMultipliers.map((m) => m * sizeFactor);
  } else {
    // Use provided custom LOD settings.
    ratios = lod.map((pair) => pair[1]);
    distances = lod.map((pair) => pair[0]);
  }

  // Create the LOD levels.
  const geometries: THREE.BufferGeometry[] = [];
  const materials: THREE.Material[] = [];

  ratios.forEach((ratio, index) => {
    // Calculate target triangle count based on the ratio.
    const targetCount =
      Math.floor((geometry.index!.array.length * ratio) / 3) * 3;
    const lodGeometry = geometry.clone();

    // Use meshopt to simplify the geometry.
    const dstIndexArray = MeshoptSimplifier.simplify(
      new Uint32Array(lodGeometry.index!.array),
      new Float32Array(lodGeometry.attributes.position.array),
      3,
      targetCount,
      0.02, // Error tolerance.
      ["LockBorder"], // Prevents triangle flipping artifacts.
    )[0];

    // Update the geometry with the simplified version.
    lodGeometry.index!.array.set(dstIndexArray);
    lodGeometry.index!.needsUpdate = true;
    lodGeometry.setDrawRange(0, dstIndexArray.length);

    // Create a cloned material for this LOD level.
    const lodMaterial = Array.isArray(material)
      ? material.map((x) => x.clone())
      : material.clone();

    // Add this LOD level to the instanced mesh.
    mesh.addLOD(lodGeometry, lodMaterial, distances[index]);

    // Store the geometry and materials for proper disposal later.
    geometries.push(lodGeometry);
    if (Array.isArray(lodMaterial)) {
      materials.push(...lodMaterial);
    } else {
      materials.push(lodMaterial);
    }
  });
  return { geometries, materials };
}

/**
 * Shared base component for batched mesh rendering
 *
 * This component replaces BatchedMeshManager with a more React-friendly approach
 * using react-three-fiber's JSX components.
 */
export const BatchedMeshBase = React.forwardRef<
  InstancedMesh2,
  {
    // Data for instance positions and orientations.
    batched_positions: Uint8Array;
    batched_wxyzs: Uint8Array;
    batched_scales: Uint8Array | null;
    batched_colors: Uint8Array | null;
    opacity: number | null;
    batched_opacities: Uint8Array | null;

    // Geometry info.
    geometry: THREE.BufferGeometry;

    // Material info.
    material: THREE.Material | THREE.Material[];

    // Rendering options.
    lod: LodSetting;
    cast_shadow: boolean;
    receive_shadow: boolean;

    // Optional props.
    clickable?: boolean;
  }
>(function BatchedMeshBase(props, ref) {
  // Store the mesh instance in state so effects can depend on it.
  const [mesh, setMesh] = React.useState<InstancedMesh2 | null>(null);

  // Forward the ref from the parent.
  React.useImperativeHandle(ref, () => mesh!, [mesh]);

  // Reusable objects for transform calculations.
  const tempPosition = useMemo(() => new THREE.Vector3(), []);
  const tempQuaternion = useMemo(() => new THREE.Quaternion(), []);
  const tempScale = useMemo(() => new THREE.Vector3(1, 1, 1), []);
  const gl = useThree((state) => state.gl);

  // Create and manage InstancedMesh2 manually.
  useEffect(() => {
    // Create new InstancedMesh2.
    const instanceCount =
      props.batched_positions.byteLength / (3 * Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT);
    const newMesh = new InstancedMesh2(props.geometry.clone(), props.material, {
      capacity: instanceCount,
      renderer: gl,
    });

    // Disable global frustum culling. Leaving this on would require calling
    // `computeBoundingSphere()` on the full mesh whenever instances move. Note
    // that we still benefit from per-instance culling in IM2!
    newMesh.frustumCulled = false;

    // Create LODs if needed.
    let lodGeometries: THREE.BufferGeometry[] = [];
    let lodMaterials: THREE.Material[] = [];

    if (props.lod !== "off") {
      const lods = createLODs(
        newMesh,
        props.geometry,
        props.material,
        props.lod,
      );
      lodGeometries = lods.geometries;
      lodMaterials = lods.materials;
    }

    // Update state with new mesh.
    setMesh(newMesh);

    return () => {
      // Cleanup on unmount or when dependencies change.
      newMesh.disposeBVH();
      newMesh.dispose();
      // Dispose LOD resources captured via closure.
      lodGeometries.forEach((geometry) => geometry.dispose());
      lodMaterials.forEach((material) => material.dispose());
    };
  }, [props.geometry, props.lod, props.material]); // Recreate when these change.

  // Update instances when positions or orientations change.
  useEffect(() => {
    if (!mesh) return;

    const instanceCount =
      props.batched_positions.byteLength / (3 * Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT);
    if (mesh.instancesCount !== instanceCount) {
      if (mesh.capacity < instanceCount) {
        // Increase capacity if needed.
        mesh.resizeBuffers(instanceCount);
      }
      mesh.clearInstances();
      mesh.addInstances(instanceCount, () => {});
    }

    // Create views to efficiently read float values.
    const positionsView = new DataView(
      props.batched_positions.buffer,
      props.batched_positions.byteOffset,
      props.batched_positions.byteLength,
    );
    const wxyzsView = new DataView(
      props.batched_wxyzs.buffer,
      props.batched_wxyzs.byteOffset,
      props.batched_wxyzs.byteLength,
    );
    const scalesView = props.batched_scales
      ? new DataView(
          props.batched_scales.buffer,
          props.batched_scales.byteOffset,
          props.batched_scales.byteLength,
        )
      : null;

    // Update all instances.
    mesh.updateInstances((obj, index) => {
      // Calculate byte offsets for reading float values.
      // Use modulo as a defensive check to prevent out-of-bounds reads when
      // array lengths don't match (e.g., if batched_wxyzs has fewer elements
      // than batched_positions).
      const posOffset = (index * 3 * 4) % props.batched_positions.byteLength;
      const wxyzOffset = (index * 4 * 4) % props.batched_wxyzs.byteLength;

      // Read position values.
      tempPosition.set(
        positionsView.getFloat32(posOffset, true), // x.
        positionsView.getFloat32(posOffset + 4, true), // y.
        positionsView.getFloat32(posOffset + 8, true), // z.
      );

      // Read quaternion values.
      tempQuaternion.set(
        wxyzsView.getFloat32(wxyzOffset + 4, true), // x.
        wxyzsView.getFloat32(wxyzOffset + 8, true), // y.
        wxyzsView.getFloat32(wxyzOffset + 12, true), // z.
        wxyzsView.getFloat32(wxyzOffset, true), // w (first value).
      );

      // Read scale value if available.
      if (scalesView && props.batched_scales) {
        // Check if we have per-axis scaling (N,3) or uniform scaling (N,).
        if (
          props.batched_scales.byteLength ===
          (props.batched_wxyzs.byteLength / 4) * 3
        ) {
          // Per-axis scaling: read 3 floats.
          const scaleOffset = (index * 3 * 4) % props.batched_scales.byteLength;
          tempScale.set(
            scalesView.getFloat32(scaleOffset, true), // x scale.
            scalesView.getFloat32(scaleOffset + 4, true), // y scale.
            scalesView.getFloat32(scaleOffset + 8, true), // z scale.
          );
        } else {
          // Uniform scaling: read 1 float and apply to all axes.
          const scaleOffset = (index * 4) % props.batched_scales.byteLength;
          const scale = scalesView.getFloat32(scaleOffset, true);
          tempScale.setScalar(scale);
        }
      } else {
        tempScale.set(1, 1, 1);
      }

      // Apply to the instance.
      obj.position.copy(tempPosition);
      obj.quaternion.copy(tempQuaternion);
      obj.scale.copy(tempScale);
    });
  }, [
    props.batched_positions,
    props.batched_wxyzs,
    props.batched_scales,
    mesh,
  ]);

  // Compute BVH for raycasting for clickable meshes.
  //
  // We could also do this always. This would speed up frustum culling, but
  // would add overhead to every position/quaternion/scale update. Since we
  // don't know in advance if the mesh will be static or dynamic, it seems
  // conservative to avoid computing a BVH for now.
  //
  // In the future, we could consider computing the BVH only if we detect that
  // the mesh is static (no changes for N frames). There are a lot of possible
  // heuristics that can be written here.
  React.useEffect(() => {
    if (mesh === null) return;
    if (props.clickable || mesh.instancesCount > 50000) {
      // We'll add a small margin to reduce the effort of updating the BVH if
      // instances need to move. This adds a small overhead to
      // raycasting/frustum culling, but should still be dramatically faster
      // than no BVH at all.
      mesh.computeBVH({ margin: mesh.geometry.boundingSphere!.radius * 0.2 });
    } else {
      mesh.disposeBVH();
    }
  }, [props.clickable, mesh]);

  // Update instances when colors change (broadcast case).
  // When a single color is provided, broadcast it to all instances.
  React.useEffect(() => {
    if (mesh === null || props.batched_colors === null) return;
    if (props.batched_colors.byteLength !== 3) return;

    const color = new THREE.Color(
      props.batched_colors[0] / 255,
      props.batched_colors[1] / 255,
      props.batched_colors[2] / 255,
    );
    for (let i = 0; i < mesh.instancesCount; i++) {
      mesh.setColorAt(i, color);
    }
  }, [
    props.batched_colors,
    mesh,
    props.batched_positions.byteLength, // Track instance count changes.
  ]);

  // Update instances when colors change (per-instance case).
  // When per-instance colors are provided, apply them individually.
  React.useEffect(() => {
    if (mesh === null || props.batched_colors === null) return;
    if (props.batched_colors.byteLength === 3) return;

    if (props.batched_colors.byteLength !== mesh.instancesCount * 3) {
      console.error(
        `Invalid batched_colors length: ${props.batched_colors.byteLength}, expected 3 or ${mesh.instancesCount * 3}`,
      );
      return;
    }

    for (let i = 0; i < mesh.instancesCount; i++) {
      const color = new THREE.Color(
        props.batched_colors[i * 3] / 255,
        props.batched_colors[i * 3 + 1] / 255,
        props.batched_colors[i * 3 + 2] / 255,
      );
      mesh.setColorAt(i, color);
    }
  }, [props.batched_colors, mesh]);

  // Update per-instance opacity when batched_opacities is provided.
  // When only global opacity is set (no batched_opacities), it's handled
  // by the material's opacity property directly - more efficient.
  React.useEffect(() => {
    if (mesh === null || props.batched_opacities === null) return;

    const globalOpacity = props.opacity ?? 1.0;
    const expectedBytes = mesh.instancesCount * Float32Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;

    if (props.batched_opacities.byteLength !== expectedBytes) {
      console.error(
        `Invalid batched_opacities length: ${props.batched_opacities.byteLength}, expected ${expectedBytes}`,
      );
      return;
    }

    const opacityView = new DataView(
      props.batched_opacities.buffer,
      props.batched_opacities.byteOffset,
      props.batched_opacities.byteLength,
    );

    for (let i = 0; i < mesh.instancesCount; i++) {
      const instanceOpacity = opacityView.getFloat32(i * 4, true);
      mesh.setOpacityAt(i, globalOpacity * instanceOpacity);
    }
  }, [props.opacity, props.batched_opacities, mesh]);

  // Update shadow settings.
  useEffect(() => {
    if (!mesh) return;

    mesh.castShadow = props.cast_shadow;
    mesh.receiveShadow = props.receive_shadow;

    // Update all LOD objects too.
    if (mesh.LODinfo && mesh.LODinfo.objects) {
      mesh.LODinfo.objects.forEach((obj) => {
        obj.castShadow = props.cast_shadow;
        obj.receiveShadow = props.receive_shadow;
      });
    }
  }, [props.cast_shadow, props.receive_shadow, mesh]);

  // Return the mesh as a primitive and hover outlines if clickable.
  return (
    <>
      {mesh && <primitive object={mesh} />}
      {props.clickable && (
        <BatchedMeshHoverOutlines
          geometry={props.geometry}
          batched_positions={props.batched_positions}
          batched_wxyzs={props.batched_wxyzs}
          batched_scales={props.batched_scales}
        />
      )}
    </>
  );
});
