#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import vedo
from vedo.colors import printc, getColor
from vedo.assembly import Assembly
from vedo.mesh import Mesh, merge
from vedo.pointcloud import Points
import vedo.utils as utils
import vedo.shapes as shapes
import vedo.settings as settings
from vedo.volume import Volume
from vedo.tetmesh import TetMesh
import numpy as np
import vtk

__doc__ = (
    """
Create additional objects like axes, legends, lights, etc..
"""
    + vedo.docs._defs
)

__all__ = [
            "addScalarBar",
            "addScalarBar3D",
            "addSlider2D",
            "addSlider3D",
            "addButton",
            "addCutterTool",
            "addIcon",
            "LegendBox",
            "Light",
            "Axes",
            "Ruler",
            "buildRulerAxes",
            "Goniometer",
        ]


#####################################################################
def Ruler(
    p1, p2,
    unitScale=1,
    label="",
    s=None,
    font="",
    italic=0,
    prefix="",
    units="",  #eg.'μm'
    c=(0.2, 0.1, 0.1),
    alpha=1,
    lw=1,
    precision=3,
    labelRotation=0,
    axisRotation=0,
    tickAngle=90,
):
    """
    Build a 3D ruler to indicate the distance of two points p1 and p2.

    :param str label: alternative fixed label to be shown
    :param float unitScale: factor to scale units (e.g. μm to mm)
    :param float s: size of the label
    :param str font: font name
    :param float italic: italicness of the font [0,1]
    :param str units: string to be appended to the numeric value
    :param float lw: line width in pixel units
    :param int precision: nr of significant digits to be shown
    :param float labelRotation: initial rotation of the label around the z-axis
    :param float axisRotation: initial rotation of the line around the main axis
    :param float tickAngle: initial rotation of the line around the main axis

    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if unitScale != 1.0 and units == "":
        raise ValueError("When setting 'unitScale' to a value other than 1, a 'units' arguments must be specified.")

    if isinstance(p1, Points): p1 = p1.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p2, Points): p2 = p2.GetPosition()
    if len(p1)==2: p1=[p1[0],p1[1],0.0]
    if len(p2)==2: p2=[p2[0],p2[1],0.0]
    p1, p2 = np.array(p1), np.array(p2)
    q1, q2 = [0, 0, 0], [utils.mag(p2 - p1), 0, 0]
    q1, q2 = np.array(q1), np.array(q2)
    v = q2 - q1
    d = utils.mag(v) * unitScale

    if s is None:
        s = d*0.02*(1/unitScale)

    if not label:
        label = str(d)
        if precision:
            label = utils.precision(d, precision)
    if prefix:
        label = prefix+ '~' + label
    if units:
        label += '~'+ units

    lb = shapes.Text3D(label, pos=(q1 + q2) / 2, s=s,
                       font=font, italic=italic, justify="center")
    if labelRotation:
        lb.RotateZ(labelRotation)

    x0, x1 = lb.xbounds()
    gap = [(x1 - x0) / 2, 0, 0]
    pc1 = (v / 2 - gap) * 0.9 + q1
    pc2 = q2 - (v / 2 - gap) * 0.9

    lc1 = shapes.Line(q1 - v / 50, pc1)
    lc2 = shapes.Line(q2 + v / 50, pc2)

    zs = np.array([0, d / 50 * (1/unitScale), 0])
    ml1 = shapes.Line(-zs, zs).pos(q1)
    ml2 = shapes.Line(-zs, zs).pos(q2)
    ml1.RotateZ(tickAngle-90)
    ml2.RotateZ(tickAngle-90)

    c1 = shapes.Circle(q1, r=d / 180 * (1/unitScale), res=20)
    c2 = shapes.Circle(q2, r=d / 180 * (1/unitScale), res=20)

    acts = [lb, lc1, lc2, c1, c2, ml1, ml2]
    macts = merge(acts).pos(p1).c(c).alpha(alpha)
    macts.GetProperty().LightingOff()
    macts.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)
    macts.UseBoundsOff()
    macts.base = q1
    macts.top = q2
    macts.orientation(p2 - p1, rotation=axisRotation).bc('t').pickable(False)
    return macts


#####################################################################
def Goniometer(
        p1,p2,p3,
        font="",
        arcSize=0.4,
        fill=0.1,
        s=1,
        italic=0,
        rotation=0,
        prefix="",
        c=(0.2, 0, 0),
        alpha=1,
        lw=1,
        precision=3,
    ):
    """
    Build a graphical goniometer to measure the angle formed by 3 points in space.

    Parameters
    ----------
    p1 : list
        first point.
    p2 : list
        the vertex point.
    p3 : list
        the last point defining the angle.
    font : str, optional
        Font name to be used. The default is "".
    arcSize : float, optional
        dimension of the arc wrt the smallest axis. The default is 0.4.
    fill : bool, optional
        fill the arc area. The default is 0.1.
    s : float, optional
        size of the text. The default is 1.
    italic : float, bool, optional
        italic text. The default is 0.
    rotation : float, optional
        rotation of text in degrees. The default is 0.
    prefix : str, optional
        append this string to the numeric value of the angle. The default is "".
    c : list, optional
        color of the goniometer. The default is (0.2, 0, 0).
    alpha : float, optional
        transparency level. The default is 1.
    lw : float, optional
        line width. The default is 1.
    precision : int, optional
        number of significant digits. The default is 3.


    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if isinstance(p1, Points): p1 = p1.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p2, Points): p2 = p2.GetPosition()
    if isinstance(p3, Points): p3 = p3.GetPosition()
    if len(p1)==2: p1=[p1[0], p1[1], 0.0]
    if len(p2)==2: p2=[p2[0], p2[1], 0.0]
    if len(p3)==2: p3=[p3[0], p3[1], 0.0]
    p1, p2, p3 = np.array(p1), np.array(p2), np.array(p3)

    acts=[]
    ln = shapes.Line([p1,p2,p3], lw=lw, c=c).alpha(alpha).lighting('off')
    acts.append(ln)

    va = utils.versor(p1-p2)
    vb = utils.versor(p3-p2)
    r = min(utils.mag(p3-p2), utils.mag(p1-p2))*arcSize
    ptsarc = []
    res = 120
    imed = int(res/2)
    for i in range(res+1):
        vi = utils.versor(vb*i/res + va*(res-i)/res)
        if i==imed: vc = np.array(vi)
        ptsarc.append(p2+vi*r)
    arc = shapes.Line(ptsarc).lw(lw).c(c).alpha(alpha).lighting('off')
    acts.append(arc)

    angle = np.arccos(np.dot(va,vb))*180/np.pi

    lb = shapes.Text3D(prefix+utils.precision(angle,precision)+'º', s=r/12*s,
                       font=font, italic=italic, justify="center")
    cr = np.cross(va,vb)
    lb.pos(p2+vc*r/1.75).orientation(cr*np.sign(cr[2]), rotation=rotation)
    lb.c(c).alpha(alpha).bc('tomato').lighting('off')
    acts.append(lb)

    if fill:
        pts = [p2] + arc.points().tolist() + [p2]
        msh = Mesh([pts, [list(range(arc.N()+2))]], c=c, alpha=fill).triangulate()
        msh.shift(0,0,r/10000) # to resolve 2d conflicts..
        acts.append(msh)

    asse = Assembly(acts)
    return asse


###########################################################################################
class Button:
    """
    Build a Button object to be shown in the rendering window.

    |buttons| |buttons.py|_
    """

    def __init__(self, fnc, states, c, bc, pos, size, font, bold, italic, alpha, angle):

        self.statusIdx = 0
        self.states = states
        self.colors = c
        self.bcolors = bc
        self.function = fnc
        self.actor = vtk.vtkTextActor()

        self.actor.GetActualPositionCoordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedViewport()
        self.actor.SetPosition(pos[0], pos[1])

        self.framewidth = 2
        self.offset = 5
        self.spacer = " "

        self.textproperty = self.actor.GetTextProperty()
        self.textproperty.SetJustificationToCentered()
        if font.lower() == "courier":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToCourier()
        elif font.lower() == "times":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToTimes()
        elif font.lower() == "arial":
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamilyToArial()
        else:
            if not font:
                font = settings.defaultFont
            self.textproperty.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
            self.textproperty.SetFontFile(settings.fonts_path + font +'.ttf')
        self.textproperty.SetFontSize(size)
        self.textproperty.SetBackgroundOpacity(alpha)
        self.textproperty.BoldOff()
        if bold:
            self.textproperty.BoldOn()
        self.textproperty.ItalicOff()
        if italic:
            self.textproperty.ItalicOn()
        self.textproperty.ShadowOff()
        self.textproperty.SetOrientation(angle)
        self.showframe = hasattr(self.textproperty, "FrameOn")
        self.status(0)

    def status(self, s=None):
        """
        Set/Get the status of the button.
        """
        if s is None:
            return self.states[self.statusIdx]

        if isinstance(s, str):
            s = self.states.index(s)
        self.statusIdx = s
        self.textproperty.SetLineOffset(self.offset)
        self.actor.SetInput(self.spacer + self.states[s] + self.spacer)
        s = s % len(self.colors)  # to avoid mismatch
        self.textproperty.SetColor(getColor(self.colors[s]))
        bcc = np.array(getColor(self.bcolors[s]))
        self.textproperty.SetBackgroundColor(bcc)
        if self.showframe:
            self.textproperty.FrameOn()
            self.textproperty.SetFrameWidth(self.framewidth)
            self.textproperty.SetFrameColor(np.sqrt(bcc))
        return self

    def switch(self):
        """
        Change/cycle button status to the next defined status in states list.
        """
        self.statusIdx = (self.statusIdx + 1) % len(self.states)
        self.status(self.statusIdx)
        return self


#####################################################################
def Light(
            pos,
            focalPoint=(0, 0, 0),
            angle=180,
            c='white',
            intensity=1,
            removeOthers=False,
    ):
    """
    Generate a source of light placed at pos, directed to focal point.
    Returns a ``vtkLight`` object.

    :param focalPoint: focal point, if this is a vedo object use its position.
    :param angle: aperture angle of the light source
    :param c: set the light color
    :param float intensity: intensity value between 0 and 1.
    :param bool removeOthers: remove all other lights in the scene
        (in this case a Plotter object must already exist)

    .. hint:: |lights.py|_
    """
    if isinstance(pos, vedo.Base3DProp):
        pos = pos.pos()
    if isinstance(focalPoint, vedo.Base3DProp):
        focalPoint = focalPoint.pos()
    light = vtk.vtkLight()
    light.SetLightTypeToSceneLight()
    light.SetPosition(pos)
    light.SetConeAngle(angle)
    light.SetFocalPoint(focalPoint)
    light.SetIntensity(intensity)
    light.SetColor(getColor(c))

    # light.SetPositional(1) ##??
    # if ambientColor is not None: # doesnt work anyway
    #     light.SetAmbientColor(getColor(ambientColor))
    # if diffuseColor is not None:
    #     light.SetDiffuseColor(getColor(diffuseColor))
    # if specularColor is not None:
    #     light.SetSpecularColor(getColor(specularColor))

    if removeOthers:
        if settings.plotter_instance and settings.plotter_instance.renderer:
            settings.plotter_instance.renderer.RemoveAllLights()
        else:
            printc("Warning in Light(removeOthers=True): scene does not exist.", c='r')

    return light


#####################################################################
def addScalarBar(obj,
                 title="",
                 pos=(0.8,0.05),
                 titleYOffset=15,
                 titleFontSize=12,
                 size=(None,None),
                 nlabels=None,
                 c=None,
                 horizontal=False,
                 useAlpha=True,
                 ):
    """Add a 2D scalar bar for the specified obj.

        :param list pos: fractional x and y position in the 2D window
        :param list size: size of the scalarbar in pixel units (width, heigth)
        :param int nlabels: number of numeric labels to be shown
        :param bool useAlpha: retain trasparency in scalarbar
        :param bool horizontal: show in horizontal layout

    .. hint:: |mesh_coloring| |mesh_coloring.py|_ |scalarbars.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance

    if not hasattr(obj, "mapper"):
        printc("\times addScalarBar(): input is invalid,", type(obj), c='r')
        return None

    if plt and plt.renderer:
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(plt.renderer.GetBackground()) > 1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
        if isinstance(obj.scalarbar, vtk.vtkActor):
            plt.renderer.RemoveActor(obj.scalarbar)
        elif isinstance(obj.scalarbar, Assembly):
            for a in obj.scalarbar.getMeshes():
                plt.renderer.RemoveActor(a)
    if c is None: c = 'gray'

    if isinstance(obj, Points):
        lut = obj.mapper().GetLookupTable()
        if not lut:
            return None
        vtkscalars = obj._polydata.GetPointData().GetScalars()
        if vtkscalars is None:
            vtkscalars = obj._polydata.GetCellData().GetScalars()
        if not vtkscalars:
            return None

    elif isinstance(obj, (Volume, TetMesh)):
        lut = utils.ctf2lut(obj)

    else:
        return obj

    c = getColor(c)
    sb = vtk.vtkScalarBarActor()
    #sb.SetLabelFormat('%-#6.3g')
    #print(sb.GetLabelFormat())
    sb.SetLookupTable(lut)
    sb.SetUseOpacity(useAlpha)
    sb.SetDrawFrame(0)
    sb.SetDrawBackground(0)
    if lut.GetUseBelowRangeColor():
        sb.DrawBelowRangeSwatchOn()
        sb.SetBelowRangeAnnotation('')
    if lut.GetUseAboveRangeColor():
        sb.DrawAboveRangeSwatchOn()
        sb.SetAboveRangeAnnotation('')
    if lut.GetNanColor() != (0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0):
        sb.DrawNanAnnotationOn()
        sb.SetNanAnnotation('nan')

    if title:
        if "\\" in repr(title):
            for r in shapes._reps:
                title = title.replace(r[0], r[1])
        titprop = sb.GetTitleTextProperty()
        titprop.BoldOn()
        titprop.ItalicOff()
        titprop.ShadowOff()
        titprop.SetColor(c)
        titprop.SetVerticalJustificationToTop()
        titprop.SetFontSize(titleFontSize)
        titprop.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        titprop.SetFontFile(settings.fonts_path + settings.defaultFont +'.ttf')
        sb.SetTitle(title)
        sb.SetVerticalTitleSeparation(titleYOffset)
        sb.SetTitleTextProperty(titprop)

    sb.UnconstrainedFontSizeOn()
    sb.DrawAnnotationsOn()
    sb.DrawTickLabelsOn()
    sb.SetMaximumNumberOfColors(256)

    if horizontal:
        sb.SetOrientationToHorizontal()
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(3)
        sb.SetTextPositionToSucceedScalarBar()
        sb.SetPosition(pos)
        sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(1000)
        sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(50)
    else:
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(7)
        sb.SetTextPositionToPrecedeScalarBar()
        sb.SetPosition(pos[0]+0.09, pos[1])
        sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(60)
        sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(250)

    if size[0] is not None: sb.SetMaximumWidthInPixels(size[0])
    if size[1] is not None: sb.SetMaximumHeightInPixels(size[1])

    if nlabels is not None:
        sb.SetNumberOfLabels(nlabels)

    sctxt = sb.GetLabelTextProperty()
    sctxt.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
    sctxt.SetFontFile(settings.fonts_path + settings.defaultFont +'.ttf')
    sctxt.SetColor(c)
    sctxt.SetShadow(0)
    sctxt.SetFontSize(titleFontSize-2)
    sb.SetAnnotationTextProperty(sctxt)
    sb.PickableOff()
    obj.scalarbar = sb
    return sb


#####################################################################
def addScalarBar3D(
    obj,
    title='',
    pos=None,
    sx=None,
    sy=None,
    titleFont="",
    titleXOffset=-1.5,
    titleYOffset=0.0,
    titleSize=1.5,
    titleRotation=0.0,
    nlabels=9,
    labelFont="",
    labelOffset=0.375,
    italic=0,
    c=None,
    useAlpha=True,
    drawBox=True,
    aboveText=None,
    belowText=None,
    nanText='NaN',
):
    """
    Draw a 3D scalar bar.

    ``obj`` input can be:
        - a list of numbers,
        - a list of two numbers in the form `(min, max)`,
        - a ``Mesh`` already containing a set of scalars associated to vertices or cells,
        - if ``None`` the last object in the list of actors will be used.

    :param float sx: thickness of scalarbar
    :param float sy: length of scalarbar
    :param str title: scalar bar title
    :param float titleXOffset: horizontal space btw title and color scalarbar
    :param float titleYOffset: vertical space offset
    :param float titleSize: size of title wrt numeric labels
    :param float titleRotation: title rotation in degrees
    :param int nlabels: number of numeric labels
    :param float labelOffset: space btw numeric labels and scale
    :param bool useAlpha: render transparency of the color bar, otherwise ignore
    :param bool drawBox: draw a box around the colorbar (useful with useAlpha=True)

    .. hint:: |scalarbars| |scalarbars.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if plt and c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(getColor(plt.backgrcol)) > 1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
    if c is None: c = (0,0,0)
    c = getColor(c)

    bns = obj.GetBounds()
    if sy is None:
        sy = (bns[3]-bns[2])
    if sx is None:
        sx = sy/18

    if isinstance(obj, Points):
        lut = obj.mapper().GetLookupTable()
        if not lut or lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples() == 0:
            obj.cmap('jet_r') # create the most similar to the default
            # todo: grab the auto created default LUT (but where is it?)
            #       cells or points?
            lut = obj.mapper().GetLookupTable()
        vmin, vmax = lut.GetRange()

    elif isinstance(obj, (Volume, TetMesh)):
        lut = utils.ctf2lut(obj)
        vmin, vmax = lut.GetRange()

    elif utils.isSequence(obj):
        vmin, vmax = np.min(obj), np.max(obj)

    else:
        print("Error in ScalarBar3D(): input must be Mesh or list.", type(obj))
        return obj

    # build the color scale part
    scale = shapes.Grid([-sx *labelOffset, 0, 0], c=c, alpha=1,
                        sx=sx, sy=sy,
                        resx=1, resy=lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples())
    scale.lw(0).wireframe(False)
    cscals = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, lut.GetTable().GetNumberOfTuples())
    scale.cmap(lut, cscals, on='cells').lighting('off')
    xbns = scale.xbounds()

    if pos is None:
        d=sx/2
        if title:
            d = np.sqrt((bns[1]-bns[0])**2+sy*sy)/20
        pos = (bns[1]-xbns[0]+d, (bns[2]+bns[3])/2, bns[4])

    tacts = []
    ticks_pos, ticks_txt = utils.makeTicks(vmin, vmax, nlabels)

    for i, p in enumerate(ticks_pos):
        tx = ticks_txt[i]
        if i and tx:
            # build numeric text
            y = (p - 0.5) *sy
            a = shapes.Text3D(tx, pos=[sx*labelOffset, y, 0], s=sy/60,
                              justify='center-left', c=c, italic=italic, font=labelFont)
            tacts.append(a)
            # build ticks
            tic = shapes.Line([xbns[1], y, 0],
                              [xbns[1]+sx*labelOffset/4, y, 0], lw=0.1, c=c)
            tacts.append(tic)

    # build title
    if title:
        t = shapes.Text3D(title, (0,0,0), s=sy/50*titleSize,
                          c=c, justify='centered', italic=italic, font=titleFont)
        t.RotateZ(90+titleRotation)
        t.pos(sx*titleXOffset,titleYOffset,0)
        tacts.append(t)

    # build below scale
    brect = None
    if lut.GetUseBelowRangeColor():
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetBelowRangeColor()
        brect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, -sy/2-sx-sx*0.1, 0],
                                 [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, -sy/2   -sx*0.1, 0],
                                 c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        brect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        if belowText is None:
           belowText = ' <'+str(vmin)
        if belowText:
            btx = shapes.Text3D(belowText, (0,0,0), s=sy/60,
                                c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
            btx.pos(sx*labelOffset, -sy/2-sx*0.66, 0)
            tacts.append(btx)

    # build above scale
    arect = None
    if lut.GetUseAboveRangeColor():
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetAboveRangeColor()
        arect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, sy/2   +sx*0.1, 0],
                                 [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, sy/2+sx+sx*0.1, 0],
                                 c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        arect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        if aboveText is None:
            aboveText = ' >'+str(vmax)
        if aboveText:
            atx = shapes.Text3D(aboveText, (0,0,0), s=sy/60,
                                c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
            atx.pos(sx*labelOffset, sy/2+sx*0.66, 0)
            tacts.append(atx)

    # build NaN scale
    nanrect = None
    if lut.GetNanColor() != (0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0):
        nanshift = sx*0.1
        if brect:
            nanshift += sx
        r,g,b,alfa = lut.GetNanColor()
        nanrect = shapes.Rectangle([-sx *labelOffset -sx/2, -sy/2-sx-sx*0.1-nanshift, 0],
                                   [-sx *labelOffset +sx/2, -sy/2   -sx*0.1-nanshift, 0],
                                   c=(r,g,b), alpha=alfa)
        nanrect.lw(1).lc(c).lighting('off')
        nantx = shapes.Text3D(nanText, (0,0,0), s=sy/60,
                              c=c, justify='center-left', italic=italic, font=labelFont)
        nantx.pos(sx*labelOffset, -sy/2-sx*0.66-nanshift, 0)
        tacts.append(nantx)

    if drawBox:
        tacts.append(scale.box().lw(0.1))

    for a in tacts: a.PickableOff()

    mtacts = merge(tacts).lighting('off')
    mtacts.PickableOff()
    scale.PickableOff()

    sact = Assembly([scale, arect, brect, nanrect] + tacts)
    sact.SetPosition(pos)
    sact.PickableOff()
    sact.UseBoundsOff()
    sact.name = 'ScalarBar3D'
    return sact


#####################################################################
def addSlider2D(sliderfunc, xmin, xmax, value=None, pos=4,
                title='', font='', titleSize=1, c=None, showValue=True):
    """Add a slider widget which can call an external custom function.

    :param sliderfunc: external function to be called by the widget
    :param float xmin:  lower value
    :param float xmax:  upper value
    :param float value: current value
    :param list pos: position corner number: horizontal [1-5] or vertical [11-15]
          it can also be specified by corners coordinates [(x1,y1), (x2,y2)]
    :param str title: title text
    :param str font: title font
    :param float titleSize: title text scale [1.0]
    :param bool showValue:  if true current value is shown

    |sliders1| |sliders1.py|_ |sliders2.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
        if np.sum(getColor(plt.backgrcol)) > 1.5:
            c = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    c = getColor(c)

    if value is None or value < xmin:
        value = xmin

    sliderRep = vtk.vtkSliderRepresentation2D()
    sliderRep.SetMinimumValue(xmin)
    sliderRep.SetMaximumValue(xmax)
    sliderRep.SetValue(value)
    sliderRep.SetSliderLength(0.015)
    sliderRep.SetSliderWidth(0.025)
    sliderRep.SetEndCapLength(0.0015)
    sliderRep.SetEndCapWidth(0.0125)
    sliderRep.SetTubeWidth(0.0075)
    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedDisplay()
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedDisplay()

    if isinstance(pos, str):
        if "top" in pos:
            if "left" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=11
                else:
                    pos=1
            elif "right" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=12
                else:
                    pos=2
        elif "bott" in pos:
            if "left" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    pos=13
                else:
                    pos=3
            elif "right" in pos:
                if "vert" in pos:
                    if "span" in pos:
                        pos=15
                    else:
                        pos=14
                else:
                    pos=4
            elif "span":
                pos=5

    if utils.isSequence(pos):
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(pos[0][0], pos[0][1])
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(pos[1][0], pos[1][1])
    elif pos == 1:  # top-left horizontal
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.04, 0.93)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.45, 0.93)
    elif pos == 2:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.93)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.93)
    elif pos == 3:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.05, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.45, 0.06)
    elif pos == 4:  # bottom-right
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)
    elif pos == 5:  # bottom span horizontal
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.04, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)
    elif pos == 11:  # top-left vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.54)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.9)
    elif pos == 12:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.54)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.9)
    elif pos == 13:
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.065, 0.54)
    elif pos == 14:  # bottom-right vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.94, 0.54)
    elif pos == 15:  # right margin vertical
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.1)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.9)
    else: # bottom-right
        sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(0.55, 0.06)
        sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(0.95, 0.06)

    if showValue:
        if isinstance(xmin, int) and isinstance(xmax, int):
            frm = "%0.0f"
        else:
            frm = "%0.1f"
        sliderRep.SetLabelFormat(frm)  # default is '%0.3g'
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetShadow(0)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetBold(0)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetOpacity(1)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetColor(c)
        if isinstance(pos, int) and pos > 10:
            sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetOrientation(90)
    else:
        sliderRep.ShowSliderLabelOff()
    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetOpacity(0.6)
    sliderRep.GetSliderProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetSelectedProperty().SetColor(np.sqrt(np.array(c)))
    sliderRep.GetCapProperty().SetColor(c)

    sliderRep.SetTitleHeight(0.022*titleSize)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetShadow(0)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetColor(c)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOpacity(1)
    sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetBold(0)
    if font.lower() == 'courier':
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToCourier()
    elif font.lower() == "times":
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToTimes()
    elif font.lower() == "arial":
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamilyToArial()
    else:
        if font =='':
            font = settings.fonts_path + settings.defaultFont + '.ttf'
        else:
            font = settings.fonts_path + font + '.ttf'
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetFontFile(font)
        sliderRep.GetLabelProperty().SetFontFile(font)

    if title:
        sliderRep.SetTitleText(title)
        if not utils.isSequence(pos):
            if isinstance(pos, int) and pos > 10:
                sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOrientation(90)
        else:
            if abs(pos[0][0] - pos[1][0]) < 0.1:
                sliderRep.GetTitleProperty().SetOrientation(90)

    sliderWidget = vtk.vtkSliderWidget()
    sliderWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sliderWidget.SetAnimationModeToJump()
    sliderWidget.SetRepresentation(sliderRep)
    sliderWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", sliderfunc)
    if plt.renderer:
        sliderWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    sliderWidget.EnabledOn()
    plt.sliders.append([sliderWidget, sliderfunc])
    return sliderWidget

#####################################################################
def addSlider3D(
    sliderfunc,
    pos1,
    pos2,
    xmin,
    xmax,
    value=None,
    s=0.03,
    t=1,
    title="",
    rotation=0,
    c=None,
    showValue=True,
):
    """Add a 3D slider widget which can call an external custom function.

    :param sliderfunc: external function to be called by the widget
    :param list pos1: first position coordinates
    :param list pos2: second position coordinates
    :param float xmin:  lower value
    :param float xmax:  upper value
    :param float value: initial value
    :param float s: label scaling factor
    :param float t: tube scaling factor
    :param str title: title text
    :param c: slider color
    :param float rotation: title rotation around slider axis
    :param bool showValue: if True current value is shown

    |sliders3d| |sliders3d.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
        if np.sum(getColor(plt.backgrcol)) > 1.5:
            c = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    else:
        c = getColor(c)

    if value is None or value < xmin:
        value = xmin

    sliderRep = vtk.vtkSliderRepresentation3D()
    sliderRep.SetMinimumValue(xmin)
    sliderRep.SetMaximumValue(xmax)
    sliderRep.SetValue(value)

    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToWorld()
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetCoordinateSystemToWorld()
    sliderRep.GetPoint1Coordinate().SetValue(pos2)
    sliderRep.GetPoint2Coordinate().SetValue(pos1)

    # sliderRep.SetPoint1InWorldCoordinates(pos2[0], pos2[1], pos2[2])
    # sliderRep.SetPoint2InWorldCoordinates(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos1[2])

    sliderRep.SetSliderWidth(0.03 * t)
    sliderRep.SetTubeWidth(0.01 * t)
    sliderRep.SetSliderLength(0.04 * t)
    sliderRep.SetSliderShapeToCylinder()
    sliderRep.GetSelectedProperty().SetColor(np.sqrt(np.array(c)))
    sliderRep.GetSliderProperty().SetColor(np.array(c) / 1.5)
    sliderRep.GetCapProperty().SetOpacity(0)
    sliderRep.SetRotation(rotation)

    if not showValue:
        sliderRep.ShowSliderLabelOff()

    sliderRep.SetTitleText(title)
    sliderRep.SetTitleHeight(s * t)
    sliderRep.SetLabelHeight(s * t * 0.85)

    sliderRep.GetTubeProperty().SetColor(c)

    sliderWidget = vtk.vtkSliderWidget()
    sliderWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sliderWidget.SetRepresentation(sliderRep)
    sliderWidget.SetAnimationModeToJump()
    sliderWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", sliderfunc)
    sliderWidget.EnabledOn()
    plt.sliders.append([sliderWidget, sliderfunc])
    return sliderWidget

#####################################################################
def addButton(
    fnc,
    states=("On", "Off"),
    c=("w", "w"),
    bc=("dg", "dr"),
    pos=(0.7, 0.05),
    size=24,
    font="Normografo",
    bold=False,
    italic=False,
    alpha=1,
    angle=0,
):
    """Add a button to the renderer window.

    :param list states: a list of possible states ['On', 'Off']
    :param c:      a list of colors for each state
    :param bc:     a list of background colors for each state
    :param pos:    2D position in pixels from left-bottom corner
    :param size:   size of button font
    :param str font:   font type (arial, courier, times)
    :param bool bold:   bold face (False)
    :param bool italic: italic face (False)
    :param float alpha:  opacity level
    :param float angle:  anticlockwise rotation in degrees

    |buttons| |buttons.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if not plt.renderer:
        printc("\timesError: Use addButton() after rendering the scene.", c='r')
        return
    bu = Button(fnc, states, c, bc, pos, size, font, bold, italic, alpha, angle)
    plt.renderer.AddActor2D(bu.actor)
    plt.window.Render()
    plt.buttons.append(bu)
    return bu


def addCutterTool(obj=None, mode="box", invert=False):
    """Create an interactive tool to cut away parts of a mesh or volume.

        :param str mode: either "box", "plane" or "sphere"
        :param bool invert: invert selection (inside-out)

        |cutter| |cutter.py|_
    """
    if obj is None:
        obj = settings.plotter_instance.actors[0]

    if isinstance(obj, vtk.vtkVolume):
        return _addCutterToolVolumeWithBox(obj, invert)
    else:
        if mode=='box':
            return _addCutterToolMeshWithBox(obj, invert)
        elif mode=='plane':
            return _addCutterToolMeshWithPlane(obj, invert)
        elif mode=='sphere':
            return _addCutterToolMeshWithSphere(obj, invert)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Unknown mode: "+str(mode))

def _addCutterToolMeshWithSphere(mesh, invert):
    plt = settings.plotter_instance

    sph = vtk.vtkSphere()
    cm = mesh.centerOfMass()
    sph.SetCenter(cm)
    aves = mesh.averageSize()
    sph.SetRadius(aves)
    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.SetInputData(mesh.polydata())
    clipper.SetClipFunction(sph)
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    clipper.Update()
    mesh.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetOutputPort())

    act0 = Mesh(clipper.GetOutput(), alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.color((0.5,0.5,0.5), 0.04).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def myCallback(obj, event):
        obj.GetSphere(sph)

    sphereWidget = vtk.vtkSphereWidget()
    sphereWidget.SetThetaResolution(120)
    sphereWidget.SetPhiResolution(60)
    sphereWidget.SetRadius(aves)
    sphereWidget.SetCenter(cm)
    sphereWidget.SetRepresentation(2)
    sphereWidget.HandleVisibilityOff()
    sphereWidget.GetSphereProperty().SetOpacity(0.2)
    sphereWidget.GetSelectedSphereProperty().SetOpacity(0.1)
    sphereWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    sphereWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    sphereWidget.SetInputData(mesh.inputdata())
    sphereWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", myCallback)
    plt.interactor.Render()
    sphereWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(sphereWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = sphereWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    sphereWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolMeshWithBox(mesh, invert):
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if not plt:
        printc("addCutterTool(): scene must be first rendered.", c='r')
        raise RuntimeError()

    plt.clickedActor = mesh
    apd = mesh.polydata()

    planes = vtk.vtkPlanes()
    planes.SetBounds(apd.GetBounds())

    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.SetInputData(apd)
    clipper.SetClipFunction(planes)
    clipper.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.Update()
    cpoly = clipper.GetOutput()

    act0 = Mesh(cpoly, alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.alpha(0.04).color((0.5,0.5,0.5)).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def selectPolygons(vobj, event):
        vobj.GetPlanes(planes)

    boxWidget = vtk.vtkBoxWidget()
    boxWidget.OutlineCursorWiresOn()
    boxWidget.GetSelectedOutlineProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 1)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetColor(0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetOpacity(0.8)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.025)
    boxWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    boxWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    boxWidget.SetInputData(apd)
    boxWidget.PlaceWidget()
    boxWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", selectPolygons)
    boxWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(boxWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = boxWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    boxWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolMeshWithPlane(mesh, invert):
    plt = settings.plotter_instance

    plane = vtk.vtkPlane()
    plane.SetNormal(mesh.centerOfMass())
    clipper = vtk.vtkClipPolyData()
    clipper.SetInputData(mesh.polydata())
    clipper.SetClipFunction(plane)
    clipper.GenerateClipScalarsOff()
    clipper.GenerateClippedOutputOn()
    clipper.SetInsideOut(invert)
    clipper.Update()
    mesh.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetOutputPort())

    act0 = Mesh(clipper.GetOutput(), alpha=mesh.alpha()) # the main cut part
    act0.mapper().SetLookupTable(mesh.mapper().GetLookupTable())
    act0.mapper().SetScalarRange(mesh.mapper().GetScalarRange())

    act1 = Mesh()
    act1.mapper().SetInputConnection(clipper.GetClippedOutputPort()) # needs OutputPort
    act1.alpha(0.04).color((0.5,0.5,0.5)).wireframe()

    plt.remove(mesh, render=False)
    plt.add([act0, act1])

    def myCallback(obj, event):
        obj.GetPlane(plane)

    planeWidget = vtk.vtkImplicitPlaneWidget()
    planeWidget.SetNormal(1,0,0)
    planeWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.25)
    planeWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    planeWidget.SetCurrentRenderer(plt.renderer)
    planeWidget.SetInputData(mesh.inputdata())
    planeWidget.PlaceWidget(mesh.GetBounds())
    planeWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", myCallback)
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().SetColor(getColor('grey'))
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().SetOpacity(0.5)
    planeWidget.SetTubing(False)
    planeWidget.SetOutlineTranslation(True)
    planeWidget.SetOriginTranslation(True)
    planeWidget.SetDrawPlane(False)
    planeWidget.GetPlaneProperty().LightingOff()
    plt.interactor.Render()
    planeWidget.On()
    plt.widgets.append(planeWidget)

    plt.cutterWidget = planeWidget
    plt.clickedActor = act0
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        ia = plt.actors.index(mesh)
        plt.actors[ia] = act0

    printc("Mesh Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut away parts of the mesh", c="m")
    printc("  Press X to save file to: clipped.vtk", c="m")
    printc("  [Press space bar to continue]", c="m")
    plt.interactor.Start()
    planeWidget.Off()
    plt.interactor.Start() # allow extra interaction
    return act0

def _addCutterToolVolumeWithBox(vol, invert):
    plt = settings.plotter_instance

    boxWidget = vtk.vtkBoxWidget()
    boxWidget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.0)

    plt.cutterWidget = boxWidget

    plt.renderer.AddVolume(vol)

    planes = vtk.vtkPlanes()
    def _clip(obj, event):
        obj.GetPlanes(planes)
        vol.mapper().SetClippingPlanes(planes)

    boxWidget.SetInputData(vol.inputdata())
    boxWidget.OutlineCursorWiresOn()
    boxWidget.GetSelectedOutlineProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 1)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetColor(0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    boxWidget.GetOutlineProperty().SetOpacity(0.7)
    boxWidget.SetPlaceFactor(1.0)
    boxWidget.PlaceWidget()
    boxWidget.SetInsideOut(not invert)
    boxWidget.AddObserver("InteractionEvent", _clip)

    printc("Volume Cutter Tool:", c="m", invert=1)
    printc("  Move gray handles to cut parts of the volume", c="m")

    plt.interactor.Render()
    boxWidget.On()
    plt.interactor.Start()
    boxWidget.Off()
    plt.widgets.append(boxWidget)
    return vol



#####################################################################
def addIcon(mesh, pos=3, size=0.08):
    """Add an inset icon mesh into the renderer.

    :param pos: icon position in the range [1-4] indicating one of the 4 corners,
                or it can be a tuple (x,y) as a fraction of the renderer size.
    :param float size: size of the icon space.

    |icon| |icon.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if not plt.renderer:
        printc("\lightningWarning: Use addIcon() after first rendering the scene.", c='y')
        save_int = plt.interactive
        plt.show(interactive=0)
        plt.interactive = save_int
    widget = vtk.vtkOrientationMarkerWidget()
    widget.SetOrientationMarker(mesh)
    widget.SetInteractor(plt.interactor)
    if utils.isSequence(pos):
        widget.SetViewport(pos[0] - size, pos[1] - size, pos[0] + size, pos[1] + size)
    else:
        if pos < 2:
            widget.SetViewport(0, 1 - 2 * size, size * 2, 1)
        elif pos == 2:
            widget.SetViewport(1 - 2 * size, 1 - 2 * size, 1, 1)
        elif pos == 3:
            widget.SetViewport(0, 0, size * 2, size * 2)
        elif pos == 4:
            widget.SetViewport(1 - 2 * size, 0, 1, size * 2)
    widget.EnabledOn()
    widget.InteractiveOff()
    plt.widgets.append(widget)
    if mesh in plt.actors:
        plt.actors.remove(mesh)
    return widget

#####################################################################
def computeVisibleBounds(actors=None):
    """Calculate max meshes bounds and sizes."""
    bns = []

    if actors is None:
        actors = settings.plotter_instance.actors
    elif not utils.isSequence(actors):
        actors = [actors]

    for a in actors:
        if a and a.GetUseBounds():
            b = a.GetBounds()
            if b:
                bns.append(b)
    if len(bns):
        max_bns = np.max(bns, axis=0)
        min_bns = np.min(bns, axis=0)
        vbb = [min_bns[0], max_bns[1], min_bns[2], max_bns[3], min_bns[4], max_bns[5]]
    else:
        vbb = settings.plotter_instance.renderer.ComputeVisiblePropBounds()
        max_bns = vbb
        min_bns = vbb
    sizes = np.array([max_bns[1]-min_bns[0], max_bns[3]-min_bns[2], max_bns[5]-min_bns[4]])
    return [vbb, sizes, min_bns, max_bns]


#####################################################################
def buildRulerAxes(
    inputobj,
    xtitle="",
    ytitle="",
    ztitle="",
    xlabel="",
    ylabel="",
    zlabel="",
    xpad=0.05,
    ypad=0.04,
    zpad=0,
    font="Normografo",
    s=None,
    italic=0,
    units="",
    c=(0.2, 0, 0),
    alpha=1,
    lw=1,
    precision=3,
    labelRotation=0,
    axisRotation=0,
    xycross=True,
):
    """
    Build 3D rulers to indicate the sizes of the input scene or object.

    :param str xtitle: name of the axis or title
    :param str xlabel: alternative fixed label to be shown instead of the distance
    :param float xpad: gap distance from the x-axis
    :param float s: size of the label
    :param str font: font name
    :param float italic: italicness of the font [0,1]
    :param str units: string to be appended to the numeric value
    :param float lw: line width in pixel units
    :param int precision: nr of significant digits to be shown
    :param float labelRotation: initial rotation of the label around the z-axis
    :param float axisRotation: initial rotation of the line around the main axis
    :param bool xycross: show two back crossing lines in the xy plane

    |goniometer| |goniometer.py|_
    """
    if utils.isSequence(inputobj):
        x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1 = inputobj
    else:
        x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1 = inputobj.GetBounds()
    dx,dy,dz = (y1-y0)*xpad, (x1-x0)*ypad, (y1-y0)*zpad
    d = np.sqrt((y1-y0)**2+(x1-x0)**2+(z1-z0)**2)

    if not d:
        return None

    if s is None:
        s = d/75

    acts, rx, ry = [], None, None
    if xtitle is not None and (x1-x0)/d>0.1:
        rx = Ruler( [x0,y0-dx,z0],
                    [x1,y0-dx,z0],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=xtitle, label=xlabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(rx)
    if ytitle is not None and (y1-y0)/d>0.1:
        ry = Ruler( [x1+dy,y0,z0],
                    [x1+dy,y1,z0],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=ytitle, label=ylabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(ry)
    if ztitle is not None and (z1-z0)/d>0.1:
        rz = Ruler( [x0-dy,y0+dz,z0],
                    [x0-dy,y0+dz,z1],
                    s=s, font=font, precision=precision,
                    labelRotation=labelRotation, axisRotation=axisRotation+90,
                    lw=lw, italic=italic, prefix=ztitle, label=zlabel, units=units
        )
        acts.append(rz)

    if xycross and rx and ry:
        lx = shapes.Line([x0,y0,z0],    [x0,y1+dx,z0])
        ly = shapes.Line([x0-dy,y1,z0], [x1,y1,z0])
        d = min((x1-x0), (y1-y0))/200
        cxy = shapes.Circle([x0,y1,z0], r=d, res=15)
        acts.extend([lx,ly,cxy])

    macts = merge(acts)
    if not macts:
        return None
    macts.c(c).alpha(alpha).bc('t')
    macts.UseBoundsOff()
    return macts


#####################################################################
def Axes(
        obj=None,
        xtitle=None, ytitle=None, ztitle=None,
        xrange=None, yrange=None, zrange=None,
        c=None,
        numberOfDivisions=None,
        digits=None,
        limitRatio=0.04,
        axesLineWidth=1,
        gridLineWidth=1,
        htitle="",
        hTitleSize=0.03,
        hTitleFont=None,
        hTitleItalic=True,
        hTitleColor=None,
        hTitleJustify='bottom-center',
        hTitleRotation=0,
        hTitleOffset=(0, 0.01, 0),
        titleDepth=0,
        titleFont="", # grab settings.defaultFont
        textScale=1.0,
        xTitlePosition=0.95, yTitlePosition=0.95, zTitlePosition=0.95,
        xTitleOffset=0.025,  yTitleOffset=0.0275,  zTitleOffset=0.02,
        xTitleJustify=None, yTitleJustify=None, zTitleJustify=None,
        xTitleRotation=0, yTitleRotation=0, zTitleRotation=0,
        xTitleBox=False,  yTitleBox=False,
        xTitleSize=0.025, yTitleSize=0.025, zTitleSize=0.025,
        xTitleColor=None, yTitleColor=None, zTitleColor=None,
        xTitleBackfaceColor=None, yTitleBackfaceColor=None, zTitleBackfaceColor=None,
        xTitleItalic=0, yTitleItalic=0, zTitleItalic=0,
        xyGrid=True, yzGrid=False, zxGrid=False,
        xyGrid2=False, yzGrid2=False, zxGrid2=False,
        xyShift=0, yzShift=0, zxShift=0,
        xyGridTransparent=False, yzGridTransparent=False, zxGridTransparent=False,
        xyGrid2Transparent=False, yzGrid2Transparent=False, zxGrid2Transparent=False,
        xyPlaneColor=None, yzPlaneColor=None, zxPlaneColor=None,
        xyGridColor=None, yzGridColor=None, zxGridColor=None,
        xyAlpha=0.05, yzAlpha=0.05, zxAlpha=0.05,
        xyFrameLine=None, yzFrameLine=None, zxFrameLine=None,
        xyFrameColor=None, yzFrameColor=None, zxFrameColor=None,
        xLineColor=None, yLineColor=None, zLineColor=None,
        xHighlightZero=False, yHighlightZero=False, zHighlightZero=False,
        xHighlightZeroColor='r', yHighlightZeroColor='g', zHighlightZeroColor='b',
        showTicks=True,
        xTickLength=0.015, yTickLength=0.015, zTickLength=0.015,
        xTickThickness=0.0025, yTickThickness=0.0025, zTickThickness=0.0025,
        xMinorTicks=1, yMinorTicks=1, zMinorTicks=1,
        tipSize=None,
        labelFont="", # grab settings.defaultFont
        xLabelColor=None, yLabelColor=None, zLabelColor=None,
        xLabelSize=0.016, yLabelSize=0.016, zLabelSize=0.016,
        xLabelOffset=0.8, yLabelOffset=0.8, zLabelOffset=0.8,
        xLabelRotation=0, yLabelRotation=0, zLabelRotation=0,
        xValuesAndLabels=None, yValuesAndLabels=None, zValuesAndLabels=None,
        xUseBounds=True, yUseBounds=False, zUseBounds=False,
        useGlobal=False,
        xInverted=False, yInverted=False, zInverted=False,
        tol=0.0001,
    ):
    """
    Draw axes for the input object. Returns an ``Assembly`` object.

    - `xtitle`,                ['x'], x-axis title text
    - `xrange`,               [None], x-axis range in format (xmin, ymin), default is automatic.
    - `numberOfDivisions`,    [None], approximate number of divisions on the longest axis
    - `axesLineWidth`,           [1], width of the axes lines
    - `gridLineWidth`,           [1], width of the grid lines
    - `titleDepth`,              [0], extrusion fractional depth of title text
    - `xyGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane xy
    - `yzGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane yz
    - `zxGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane zx
    - `zxGrid2`,             [False], show zx plane on opposite side of the bounding box
    - `xyGridTransparent`    [False], make grid plane completely transparent
    - `xyGrid2Transparent`   [False], make grid plane completely transparent on opposite side box
    - `xyPlaneColor`,       ['gray'], color of the plane
    - `xyGridColor`,        ['gray'], grid line color
    - `xyAlpha`,              [0.15], grid plane opacity
    - `xyFrameLine`,             [0], add a frame for the plane, use value as the thickness
    - `xyFrameColor`,         [None], color for the frame of the plane
    - `showTicks`,            [True], show major ticks
    - `digits`,               [None], use this number of significant digits in scientific notation
    - `titleFont`,              [''], font for axes titles
    - `labelFont`,              [''], font for numeric labels
    - `textScale`,             [1.0], global scaling factor for all text elements (titles, labels)
    - `htitle`,                 [''], header title
    - `hTitleSize`,           [0.03], header title size
    - `hTitleFont`,           [None], header font (defaults to `titleFont`)
    - `hTitleItalic`,         [True], header font is italic
    - `hTitleColor`,          [None], header title color (defaults to `xTitleColor`)
    - `hTitleJustify`, ['bottom-center'], origin of the title justification
    - `hTitleOffset`,   [(0,0.01,0)], control offsets of header title in x, y and z
    - `xTitlePosition`,       [0.32], title fractional positions along axis
    - `xTitleOffset`,         [0.05], title fractional offset distance from axis line
    - `xTitleJustify`,        [None], title justification
    - `xTitleRotation`,          [0], add a rotation of the axis title
    - `xTitleBox`,           [False], add a box around title text
    - `xLineColor`,      [automatic], color of the x-axis
    - `xTitleColor`,     [automatic], color of the axis title
    - `xTitleBackfaceColor`,  [None], color of axis title on its backface
    - `xTitleSize`,          [0.025], size of the axis title
    - 'xTitleItalic',            [0], a bool or float to make the font italic
    - `xHighlightZero`,       [True], draw a line highlighting zero position if in range
    - `xHighlightZeroColor`, [autom], color of the line highlighting the zero position
    - `xTickLength`,         [0.005], radius of the major ticks
    - `xTickThickness`,     [0.0025], thickness of the major ticks along their axis
    - `xMinorTicks`,             [1], number of minor ticks between two major ticks
    - `xValuesAndLabels`          [], assign custom tick positions and labels [(pos1, label1), ...]
    - `xLabelColor`,     [automatic], color of numeric labels and ticks
    - `xLabelPrecision`,         [2], nr. of significative digits to be shown
    - `xLabelSize`,          [0.015], size of the numeric labels along axis
    - 'xLabelRotation',          [0], numeric labels rotation (can be a list of 3 rotations)
    - `xLabelOffset`,          [0.8], offset of the numeric labels
    - `tipSize`,              [0.01], size of the arrow tip
    - `limitRatio`,           [0.04], below this ratio don't plot smaller axis
    - `xUseBounds`,           [True], keep into account space occupied by labels when setting camera
    - `xInverted`            [False], invert labels order and direction (only visually!)

    :Example:

        .. code-block:: python

            from vedo import Box, show
            b = Box(pos=(1,2,3), length=8, width=9, height=7).alpha(0)
            ax = Axes(b, c='k')  # returns Assembly object
            show(b, ax)

    |customAxes1| |customAxes1.py|_ |customAxes2.py|_ |customAxes3.py|_

    |customIndividualAxes| |customIndividualAxes.py|_
    """
    if not titleFont:
        titleFont = settings.defaultFont
    if not labelFont:
        labelFont = settings.defaultFont

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
        plt = settings.plotter_instance
        if plt and plt.renderer:
            bgcol = plt.renderer.GetBackground()
        else:
            bgcol = (1,1,1)
        if np.sum(bgcol) < 1.5:
            c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
    else:
        c = getColor(c)

    if useGlobal:
        vbb, drange, min_bns, max_bns = computeVisibleBounds()
    else:
        if obj is not None:
            vbb, drange, min_bns, max_bns = computeVisibleBounds(obj)
        else:
            vbb = np.zeros(6)
            drange = np.zeros(3)
            if zrange is None:
                zrange=(0,0)
            if xrange is None or yrange is None:
                printc("ERROR in Axes(): no mesh given, so you must specify ranges!", c='r')
                raise RuntimeError()

    if xrange is not None:
        if xrange[1] < xrange[0]:
            xInverted = True
            xrange = [xrange[1], xrange[0]]
        vbb[0], vbb[1] = xrange
        drange[0] = vbb[1] - vbb[0]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb
    if yrange is not None:
        if yrange[1] < yrange[0]:
            yInverted = True
            yrange = [yrange[1], yrange[0]]
        vbb[2], vbb[3] = yrange
        drange[1] = vbb[3] - vbb[2]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb
    if zrange is not None:
        if zrange[1] < zrange[0]:
            zInverted = True
            zrange = [zrange[1], zrange[0]]
        vbb[4], vbb[5] = zrange
        drange[2] = vbb[5] - vbb[4]
        min_bns = vbb
        max_bns = vbb

    if xtitle is None: xtitle = settings.xtitle
    if ytitle is None: ytitle = settings.ytitle
    if ztitle is None: ztitle = settings.ztitle

    drangemax = max(drange)
    if not drangemax:
        return

    if drange[0]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[0] = 0
        xtitle = ''
    if drange[1]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[1] = 0
        ytitle = ''
    if drange[2]/drangemax < limitRatio:
        drange[2] = 0
        ztitle = ''

    x0,x1, y0,y1, z0,z1 = vbb
    dx, dy, dz = drange

    gscale = np.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz)*0.75

    if not xyPlaneColor: xyPlaneColor = c
    if not yzPlaneColor: yzPlaneColor = c
    if not zxPlaneColor: zxPlaneColor = c
    if not xyGridColor:  xyGridColor = c
    if not yzGridColor:  yzGridColor = c
    if not zxGridColor:  zxGridColor = c
    if not xTitleColor:  xTitleColor = c
    if not yTitleColor:  yTitleColor = c
    if not zTitleColor:  zTitleColor = c
    if not xLineColor:   xLineColor = c
    if not yLineColor:   yLineColor = c
    if not zLineColor:   zLineColor = c
    if not xLabelColor:  xLabelColor = xLineColor
    if not yLabelColor:  yLabelColor = yLineColor
    if not zLabelColor:  zLabelColor = zLineColor

    # vtk version<9 dont like depthpeeling: force switching off grids
    if settings.useDepthPeeling and not utils.vtkVersionIsAtLeast(9):
        xyGrid = False
        yzGrid = False
        zxGrid = False
        xyGrid2 = False
        yzGrid2 = False
        zxGrid2 = False

    if tipSize is None:
        tipSize = 0.005*gscale

    ndiv = 4
    if not ztitle or not ytitle or not xtitle: # make more default ticks if 2D
        ndiv = 6
        if not ztitle:
            if xyFrameLine is None:
                xyFrameLine = True
            if tipSize is None:
                tipSize = False

    if not numberOfDivisions:
        numberOfDivisions = ndiv

    rx, ry, rz = np.ceil(drange/drangemax * numberOfDivisions).astype(int)
    #printc('numberOfDivisions', numberOfDivisions, '\t r=', rx, ry, rz)

    if xtitle:
        xticks_float, xticks_str = utils.makeTicks(x0,x1, rx, xValuesAndLabels, digits)
        xticks_float *= dx
        if xInverted:
            xticks_float = np.flip(-(xticks_float - xticks_float[-1]))
            xticks_str = list(reversed(xticks_str))
            xticks_str[-1] = ''
            xHighlightZero = False
    if ytitle:
        yticks_float, yticks_str = utils.makeTicks(y0,y1, ry, yValuesAndLabels, digits)
        yticks_float *= dy
        if yInverted:
            yticks_float = np.flip(-(yticks_float - yticks_float[-1]))
            yticks_str = list(reversed(yticks_str))
            yticks_str[-1] = ''
            yHighlightZero = False
    if ztitle:
        zticks_float, zticks_str = utils.makeTicks(z0,z1, rz, zValuesAndLabels, digits)
        zticks_float *= dz
        if zInverted:
            zticks_float = np.flip(-(zticks_float - zticks_float[-1]))
            zticks_str = list(reversed(zticks_str))
            zticks_str[-1] = ''
            zHighlightZero = False

    ################################################ axes lines
    lines = []
    if xtitle:
        axlinex = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [dx,0,0], c=xLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if xyShift: axlinex.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        if zxShift: axlinex.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        axlinex.name = 'xAxis'
        lines.append(axlinex)
    if ytitle:
        axliney = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [0,dy,0], c=yLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if xyShift: axliney.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        if yzShift: axliney.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        axliney.name = 'yAxis'
        lines.append(axliney)
    if ztitle:
        axlinez = shapes.Line([0,0,0], [0,0,dz], c=zLineColor, lw=axesLineWidth)
        if yzShift: axlinez.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        if zxShift: axlinez.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        axlinez.name = 'zAxis'
        lines.append(axlinez)

    ################################################ grid planes
    # all shapes have a name to keep track of them in the Assembly
    # if user wants to unpack it
    grids = []
    if xyGrid and xtitle and ytitle:
        gxy = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=yticks_float)
        gxy.alpha(xyAlpha).wireframe(xyGridTransparent).c(xyPlaneColor)
        gxy.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(xyGridColor)
        if xyShift: gxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        gxy.name = "xyGrid"
        grids.append(gxy)
    if yzGrid and ytitle and ztitle:
        gyz = shapes.Grid(sx=zticks_float, sy=yticks_float)
        gyz.alpha(yzAlpha).wireframe(yzGridTransparent).c(yzPlaneColor)
        gyz.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(yzGridColor).RotateY(-90)
        if yzShift: gyz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        gyz.name = "yzGrid"
        grids.append(gyz)
    if zxGrid and ztitle and xtitle:
        gzx = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=zticks_float)
        gzx.alpha(zxAlpha).wireframe(zxGridTransparent).c(zxPlaneColor)
        gzx.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(zxGridColor).RotateX(90)
        if zxShift: gzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        gzx.name = "zxGrid"
        grids.append(gzx)
    #Grid2
    if xyGrid2 and xtitle and ytitle:
        gxy2 = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=yticks_float).z(dz)
        gxy2.alpha(xyAlpha).wireframe(xyGrid2Transparent).c(xyPlaneColor)
        gxy2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(xyGridColor)
        gxy2.name = "xyGrid2"
        grids.append(gxy2)
    if yzGrid2 and ytitle and ztitle:
        gyz2 = shapes.Grid(sx=zticks_float, sy=yticks_float).x(dx)
        gyz2.alpha(yzAlpha).wireframe(yzGrid2Transparent).c(yzPlaneColor)
        gyz2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(yzGridColor).RotateY(-90)
        gyz2.name = "yzGrid2"
        grids.append(gyz2)
    if zxGrid2 and ztitle and xtitle:
        gzx2 = shapes.Grid(sx=xticks_float, sy=zticks_float).y(dy)
        gzx2.alpha(zxAlpha).wireframe(zxGrid2Transparent).c(zxPlaneColor)
        gzx2.lw(gridLineWidth).lc(zxGridColor).RotateX(90)
        gzx2.name = "zxGrid2"
        grids.append(gzx2)

    ################################################ frame lines
    framelines = []
    if xyFrameLine and xtitle and ytitle:
        if not xyFrameColor:
            xyFrameColor = xyGridColor
        frxy = shapes.Line([[0,dy,0],[dx,dy,0],[dx,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,dy,0]],
                           c=xyFrameColor, lw=xyFrameLine)
        if xyShift: frxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        frxy.name = 'xyFrameLine'
        framelines.append(frxy)
    if yzFrameLine and ytitle and ztitle:
        if not yzFrameColor:
            yzFrameColor = yzGridColor
        fryz = shapes.Line([[0,0,dz],[0,dy,dz],[0,dy,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,dz]],
                           c=yzFrameColor, lw=yzFrameLine)
        if yzShift: fryz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
        frxy.name = 'yzFrameLine'
        framelines.append(fryz)
    if zxFrameLine and ztitle and xtitle:
        if not zxFrameColor:
            zxFrameColor = zxGridColor
        frzx = shapes.Line([[0,0,dz],[dx,0,dz],[dx,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,dz]],
                           c=zxFrameColor, lw=zxFrameLine)
        if zxShift: frzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        frzx.name = 'zxFrameLine'
        framelines.append(frzx)

    ################################################ zero lines highlights
    highlights = []
    if xyGrid and xtitle and ytitle:
        if xHighlightZero and min_bns[0] <= 0 and max_bns[1] > 0:
            xhl = -min_bns[0]
            hxy = shapes.Line([xhl,0,0], [xhl,dy,0], c=xHighlightZeroColor)
            hxy.alpha(np.sqrt(xyAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if xyShift: hxy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            hxy.name = "xyHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hxy)
        if yHighlightZero and min_bns[2] <= 0 and max_bns[3] > 0:
            yhl = -min_bns[2]
            hyx = shapes.Line([0,yhl,0], [dx,yhl,0], c=yHighlightZeroColor)
            hyx.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if xyShift: hyx.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            hyx.name = "yxHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hyx)

    if yzGrid and ytitle and ztitle:
        if yHighlightZero and min_bns[2] <= 0 and max_bns[3] > 0:
            yhl = -min_bns[2]
            hyz = shapes.Line([0,yhl,0], [0,yhl,dz], c=yHighlightZeroColor)
            hyz.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if yzShift: hyz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            hyz.name = "yzHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hyz)
        if zHighlightZero and min_bns[4] <= 0 and max_bns[5] > 0:
            zhl = -min_bns[4]
            hzy = shapes.Line([0,0,zhl], [0,dy,zhl], c=zHighlightZeroColor)
            hzy.alpha(np.sqrt(yzAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if yzShift: hzy.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            hzy.name = "zyHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hzy)

    if zxGrid and ztitle and xtitle:
        if zHighlightZero and min_bns[4] <= 0 and max_bns[5] > 0:
            zhl = -min_bns[4]
            hzx = shapes.Line([0,0,zhl], [dx,0,zhl], c=zHighlightZeroColor)
            hzx.alpha(np.sqrt(zxAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if zxShift: hzx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            hzx.name = "zxHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hzx)
        if xHighlightZero and min_bns[0] <= 0 and max_bns[1] > 0:
            xhl = -min_bns[0]
            hxz = shapes.Line([xhl,0,0], [xhl,0,dz], c=xHighlightZeroColor)
            hxz.alpha(np.sqrt(zxAlpha)).lw(gridLineWidth*2)
            if zxShift: hxz.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            hxz.name = "xzHighlightZero"
            highlights.append(hxz)

    ################################################ arrow cone
    cones = []

    if tipSize:

        if xtitle:
            if xInverted:
                cx = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(-1,0,0), c=xLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cx = shapes.Cone((dx,0,0), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(1,0,0), c=xLineColor, res=12)
            if xyShift: cx.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if zxShift: cx.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            cx.name = "xTipCone"
            cones.append(cx)

        if ytitle:
            if yInverted:
                cy = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,-1,0), c=yLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cy = shapes.Cone((0,dy,0), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,1,0), c=yLineColor, res=12)
            if xyShift: cy.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if yzShift: cy.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            cy.name = "yTipCone"
            cones.append(cy)

        if ztitle:
            if zInverted:
                cz = shapes.Cone(r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,0,-1), c=zLineColor, res=12)
            else:
                cz = shapes.Cone((0,0,dz), r=tipSize, height=tipSize*2,
                                 axis=(0,0,1), c=zLineColor, res=12)
            if yzShift: cz.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if zxShift: cz.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            cz.name = "zTipCone"
            cones.append(cz)

    ################################################ MAJOR ticks
    majorticks, minorticks= [], []
    xticks, yticks, zticks = [],[],[]
    if showTicks:
        if xtitle:
            tickThickness = xTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = xTickLength * gscale/2
            for i in range(1, len(xticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (xticks_float[i]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (xticks_float[i]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                xticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(xticks)>1:
                xmajticks = merge(xticks).c(xLabelColor)
                if xyShift: xmajticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if zxShift: xmajticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                xmajticks.name = "xMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(xmajticks)
        if ytitle:
            tickThickness = yTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = yTickLength * gscale/2
            for i in range(1, len(yticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (-tickLength, yticks_float[i]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, yticks_float[i]+tickThickness, 0)
                yticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(yticks)>1:
                ymajticks = merge(yticks).c(yLabelColor)
                if xyShift: ymajticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if yzShift: ymajticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                ymajticks.name = "yMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(ymajticks)
        if ztitle:
            tickThickness = zTickThickness * gscale/2
            tickLength = zTickLength * gscale/2.85
            for i in range(1, len(zticks_float)-1):
                v1 = (zticks_float[i]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (zticks_float[i]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                zticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))
            if len(zticks)>1:
                zmajticks = merge(zticks).c(zLabelColor)
                zmajticks.RotateZ(-45)
                zmajticks.RotateY(-90)
                if yzShift: zmajticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if zxShift: zmajticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                zmajticks.name = "zMajorTicks"
                majorticks.append(zmajticks)

        ## MINOR ticks ###############################################
        if xtitle and xMinorTicks and len(xticks)>1:
            tickThickness = xTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = xTickLength * gscale/4
            xMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(xticks)):
                t0, t1 = xticks[i-1].pos(), xticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/xMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                    v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = xticks[0].pos(), xticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/xMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]<0: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = xticks[-2].pos(), xticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, xMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/xMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]>dx: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                xminticks = merge(ticks).c(xLabelColor)
                if xyShift: xminticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if zxShift: xminticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                xminticks.name = "xMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(xminticks)

        if ytitle and yMinorTicks and len(yticks)>1:   ##### y
            tickThickness = yTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = yTickLength * gscale/4
            yMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(yticks)):
                t0, t1 = yticks[i-1].pos(), yticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/yMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                    v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = yticks[0].pos(), yticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/yMinorTicks)
                if mt[1]<0: break
                v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = yticks[-2].pos(), yticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, yMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/yMinorTicks)
                if mt[1]>dy: break
                v1 = (-tickLength, mt[1]-tickThickness, 0)
                v2 = ( tickLength, mt[1]+tickThickness, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                yminticks = merge(ticks).c(yLabelColor)
                if xyShift: yminticks.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
                if yzShift: yminticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                yminticks.name = "yMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(yminticks)

        if ztitle and zMinorTicks and len(zticks)>1:   ##### z
            tickThickness = zTickThickness * gscale/4
            tickLength = zTickLength * gscale/5
            zMinorTicks += 1
            ticks = []
            for i in range(1,len(zticks)):
                t0, t1 = zticks[i-1].pos(), zticks[i].pos()
                dt = t1 - t0
                for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                    mt = dt*(j/zMinorTicks) + t0
                    v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                    v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                    ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the fist lower range from start to first tick
            t0, t1 = zticks[0].pos(), zticks[1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                mt = t0 - dt*(j/zMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]<0: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            # finish off the last upper range from last tick to end
            t0, t1 = zticks[-2].pos(), zticks[-1].pos()
            dt = t1 - t0
            for j in range(1, zMinorTicks):
                mt = t1 + dt*(j/zMinorTicks)
                if mt[0]>dz: break
                v1 = (mt[0]-tickThickness, -tickLength, 0)
                v2 = (mt[0]+tickThickness,  tickLength, 0)
                ticks.append(shapes.Rectangle(v1, v2))

            if len(ticks):
                zminticks = merge(ticks).c(zLabelColor)
                zminticks.RotateZ(-45)
                zminticks.RotateY(-90)
                if yzShift: zminticks.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
                if zxShift: zminticks.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
                zminticks.name = "zMinorTicks"
                minorticks.append(zminticks)



    ################################################ axes tick NUMERIC text labels
    labels = []
    xlab, ylab, zlab = None, None, None

    if xLabelSize and xtitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(xLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, xRot, yRot = xLabelRotation
        else:
            zRot = xLabelRotation
        if zRot < 0:  # deal with negative angles
            zRot += 360

        jus = "center-top"
        if zRot:
            if zRot >  24: jus = "top-right"
            if zRot >  67: jus = "center-right"
            if zRot > 112: jus = "right-bottom"
            if zRot > 157: jus = "center-bottom"
            if zRot > 202: jus = "bottom-left"
            if zRot > 247: jus = "center-left"
            if zRot > 292: jus = "top-left"
            if zRot > 337: jus = "top-center"

        for i in range(1, len(xticks_str)):
            t = xticks_str[i]
            if not t: continue
            v = (xticks_float[i], -(xLabelOffset+xTickLength/2)*dy, 0)
            xlab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=xLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = xlab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (xticks_float[i], -xLabelOffset*(tb[1]-tb[0]), 0)
            xlab.pos(v)
            if zRot: xlab.RotateZ(zRot)
            if xRot: xlab.RotateX(xRot)
            if yRot: xlab.RotateY(yRot)
            if xyShift: xlab.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if zxShift: xlab.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            xlab.name = "xNumericLabel"+str(i)
            xlab.SetUseBounds(xUseBounds)
            labels.append(xlab.c(xLabelColor))

    if yLabelSize and ytitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(yLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, yRot, xRot = yLabelRotation
        else:
            zRot = yLabelRotation
        if zRot < 0: zRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        jus = "center-right"
        if zRot:
            if zRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
            if zRot >  67: jus = "center-bottom"
            if zRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
            if zRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
            if zRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
            if zRot > 247: jus = "center-top"
            if zRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
            if zRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        for i in range(1, len(yticks_str)):
            t = yticks_str[i]
            if not t: continue
            ylab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=yLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = ylab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (-yLabelOffset*(tb[1]-tb[0]), yticks_float[i], 0)
            ylab.pos(v)
            if zRot: ylab.RotateZ(zRot)
            if yRot: ylab.RotateY(yRot)
            if xRot: ylab.RotateX(xRot)
            if xyShift: ylab.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
            if yzShift: ylab.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            ylab.name = "yNumericLabel"+str(i)
            ylab.SetUseBounds(yUseBounds)
            labels.append(ylab.c(yLabelColor))

    if zLabelSize and ztitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(zLabelRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            xRot, yRot, zRot = zLabelRotation
        else:
            xRot = zLabelRotation
        if xRot < 0: xRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        jus = "center-right"
        if xRot:
            if xRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
            if xRot >  67: jus = "center-bottom"
            if xRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
            if xRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
            if xRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
            if xRot > 247: jus = "center-top"
            if xRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
            if xRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        for i in range(1, len(zticks_str)):
            t = zticks_str[i]
            if not t: continue
            zlab = shapes.Text3D(t, s=zLabelSize*textScale*gscale, font=labelFont, justify=jus)
            tb = zlab.ybounds() # must be ybounds: height of char
            v = (-zLabelOffset*(tb[1]-tb[0])/2, -zLabelOffset*(tb[1]-tb[0])/2, zticks_float[i])
            angle=90
            if dx: angle = np.arctan2(dy,dx)*57.3
            zlab.RotateZ(angle+yRot)      # vtk inverts order of rotations
            if xRot: zlab.RotateY(-xRot)  # ..second
            zlab.RotateX(90+zRot)         # ..first
            zlab.pos(v)
            if yzShift: zlab.shift(yzShift*dx,0,0)
            if zxShift: zlab.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
            zlab.SetUseBounds(zUseBounds)
            zlab.name = "zNumericLabel"+str(i)
            labels.append(zlab.c(zLabelColor))


    ################################################ axes titles
    titles = []

    if xtitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(xTitleRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, xRot, yRot = xTitleRotation
        else:
            zRot = xTitleRotation
        if zRot < 0:  # deal with negative angles
            zRot += 360

        if xTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = xTitleJustify
        else:
            # find best justfication for given rotation(s)
            jus ="right-top"
            if zRot:
                if zRot >  24: jus = "center-right"
                if zRot >  67: jus = "right-bottom"
                if zRot > 157: jus = "bottom-left"
                if zRot > 202: jus = "center-left"
                if zRot > 247: jus = "top-left"
                if zRot > 337: jus = "top-right"

        xt = shapes.Text3D(xtitle, s=xTitleSize*textScale*gscale,
                           font=titleFont, c=xTitleColor, justify=jus,
                           depth=titleDepth, italic=xTitleItalic)
        if xTitleBackfaceColor:
            xt.backColor(xTitleBackfaceColor)
        if zRot: xt.RotateZ(zRot)
        if xRot: xt.RotateX(xRot)
        if yRot: xt.RotateY(yRot)
        shift = 0
        if xlab: # xlab is the last created numeric text label..
            lt0, lt1 = xlab.GetBounds()[2:4]
            shift =  lt1 - lt0
        xt.pos([xTitlePosition*dx, -(xTitleOffset+xTickLength/2)*dy -shift, 0])
        if xyShift: xt.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        # if zxShift: xt.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        xt.SetUseBounds(xUseBounds)
        xt.name = "xtitle "+str(xtitle)
        titles.append(xt)
        if xTitleBox:
            titles.append(xt.box(scale=1.1).useBounds(xUseBounds))

    if ytitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(yTitleRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            zRot, yRot, xRot = yTitleRotation
        else:
            zRot = yTitleRotation
            if len(ytitle) > 3:
                zRot += 90
                yTitlePosition *= 0.975
        if zRot < 0:
            zRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        if yTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = yTitleJustify
        else:
            jus = "center-right"
            if zRot:
                if zRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
                if zRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
                if zRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
                if zRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
                if zRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
                if zRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        yt = shapes.Text3D(ytitle, s=yTitleSize*textScale*gscale, font=titleFont,
                           c=yTitleColor, justify=jus, depth=titleDepth,
                           italic=yTitleItalic)
        if yTitleBackfaceColor:
            yt.backColor(yTitleBackfaceColor)

        if zRot: yt.RotateZ(zRot)
        if yRot: yt.RotateY(yRot)
        if xRot: yt.RotateX(xRot)

        shift = 0
        if ylab:  # this is the last created num label..
            lt0, lt1 = ylab.GetBounds()[0:2]
            shift = lt1 - lt0
        yt.pos(-(yTitleOffset+yTickLength/2)*dx -shift, yTitlePosition*dy, 0)
        if xyShift: yt.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        yt.SetUseBounds(yUseBounds)
        yt.name = "ytitle "+str(ytitle)
        titles.append(yt)
        if yTitleBox:
            titles.append(yt.box(scale=1.1).useBounds(yUseBounds))

    if ztitle:

        xRot,yRot,zRot = 0,0,0
        if utils.isSequence(zTitleRotation):  # unpck 3 rotations
            xRot, yRot, zRot = zTitleRotation
        else:
            xRot = zTitleRotation
            if len(ztitle) > 3:
                xRot += 90
                zTitlePosition *= 0.975
        if xRot < 0:
            xRot += 360 # deal with negative angles

        if zTitleJustify is not None:
            jus = zTitleJustify
        else:
            jus = "center-right"
            if xRot:
                if xRot >  24: jus = "bottom-right"
                if xRot > 112: jus = "left-bottom"
                if xRot > 157: jus = "center-left"
                if xRot > 202: jus = "top-left"
                if xRot > 292: jus = "top-right"
                if xRot > 337: jus = "right-center"

        zt = shapes.Text3D(ztitle, s=zTitleSize*textScale*gscale, font=titleFont,
                           c=zTitleColor, justify=jus, depth=titleDepth,
                           italic=yTitleItalic)
        if zTitleBackfaceColor:
            zt.backColor(zTitleBackfaceColor)

        angle=90
        if dx: angle = np.arctan2(dy,dx)*57.3
        zt.RotateZ(angle+yRot) # vtk inverts order of rotations
        if xRot: zt.RotateY(-xRot)  # ..second
        zt.RotateX(90+zRot)         # ..first

        shift = 0
        if zlab: # this is the last created one..
            lt0, lt1 = zlab.GetBounds()[0:2]
            shift = lt1 - lt0
        zt.pos(-(zTitleOffset+zTickLength/5)*dx-shift,
               -(zTitleOffset+zTickLength/5)*dy-shift, zTitlePosition*dz)
        if zxShift: zt.shift(0,zxShift*dy,0)
        zt.SetUseBounds(zUseBounds)
        zt.name = "ztitle "+str(ztitle)
        titles.append(zt)

    ################################################### header title
    if htitle:
        if hTitleFont is None:
            hTitleFont = titleFont
        if hTitleColor is None:
            hTitleColor = xTitleColor
        htit = shapes.Text3D(htitle, s=hTitleSize*gscale, font=hTitleFont,
                             c=hTitleColor, justify=hTitleJustify, depth=titleDepth,
                             italic=hTitleItalic)
        if hTitleRotation:
            htit.RotateX(hTitleRotation)
        wpos = [(0.5+hTitleOffset[0])*dx, (1+hTitleOffset[1])*dy, hTitleOffset[2]*dz]
        htit.pos(wpos)
        if xyShift: htit.shift(0,0,xyShift*dz)
        htit.name = "htitle "+str(htitle)
        titles.append(htit)

    ######
    acts = titles + lines + labels + grids + framelines + highlights \
           + majorticks + minorticks + cones

    orig = np.array([min_bns[0], min_bns[2], min_bns[4]]) - tol*gscale
    for a in acts:
        a.PickableOff()
        a.AddPosition(orig)
        a.GetProperty().LightingOff()
    asse = Assembly(acts)
    asse.SetOrigin(orig)
    asse.PickableOff()
    asse.name = "Axes"
    return asse


def addGlobalAxes(axtype=None, c=None):
    """Draw axes on scene. Available axes types:

    :param int axtype:

        - 0,  no axes,
        - 1,  draw three gray grid walls
        - 2,  show cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
        - 3,  show positive range of cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
        - 4,  show a triad at bottom left
        - 5,  show a cube at bottom left
        - 6,  mark the corners of the bounding box
        - 7,  draw a 3D ruler at each side of the cartesian axes
        - 8,  show the ``vtkCubeAxesActor`` object
        - 9,  show the bounding box outLine
        - 10, show three circles representing the maximum bounding box
        - 11, show a large grid on the x-y plane (use with zoom=8)
        - 12, show polar axes
        - 13, draw a simple ruler at the bottom of the window

    Axis type-1 can be fully customized by passing a dictionary ``axes=dict()`` where:

        - `xtitle`,                ['x'], x-axis title text
        - `xrange`,               [None], x-axis range in format (xmin, ymin), default is automatic.
        - `numberOfDivisions`,    [None], approximate number of divisions on the longest axis
        - `axesLineWidth`,           [1], width of the axes lines
        - `gridLineWidth`,           [1], width of the grid lines
        - `reorientShortTitle`,   [True], titles shorter than 2 letter are placed horizontally
        - `titleDepth`,              [0], extrusion fractional depth of title text
        - `xyGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane xy
        - `yzGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane yz
        - `zxGrid`,               [True], show a gridded wall on plane zx
        - `zxGrid2`,             [False], show zx plane on opposite side of the bounding box
        - `xyGridTransparent`    [False], make grid plane completely transparent
        - `xyGrid2Transparent`   [False], make grid plane completely transparent on opposite side box
        - `xyPlaneColor`,       ['gray'], color of the plane
        - `xyGridColor`,        ['gray'], grid line color
        - `xyAlpha`,              [0.15], grid plane opacity
        - `xyFrameLine`,          [None], add a frame for the plane
        - `showTicks`,            [True], show major ticks
        - `digits`,               [None], use this number of significant digits in scientific notation
        - `titleFont`,              [''], font for axes titles
        - `labelFont`,              [''], font for numeric labels
        - `textScale`,             [1.0], global scaling factor for text elements (titles, labels)
        - `xTitlePosition`,       [0.32], title fractional positions along axis
        - `xTitleOffset`,         [0.05], title fractional offset distance from axis line
        - `xTitleJustify`, ["top-right"], title justification
        - `xTitleRotation`,          [0], add a rotation of the axis title
        - `xTitleBox`,           [False], add a box around title text
        - `xLineColor`,      [automatic], color of the x-axis
        - `xTitleColor`,     [automatic], color of the axis title
        - `xTitleBackfaceColor`,  [None],  color of axis title on its backface
        - `xTitleSize`,          [0.025], size of the axis title
        - 'xTitleItalic',            [0], a bool or float to make the font italic
        - `xHighlightZero`,       [True], draw a line highlighting zero position if in range
        - `xHighlightZeroColor`, [autom], color of the line highlighting the zero position
        - `xTickLength`,         [0.005], radius of the major ticks
        - `xTickThickness`,     [0.0025], thickness of the major ticks along their axis
        - `xMinorTicks`,             [1], number of minor ticks between two major ticks
        - `xValuesAndLabels`          [], assign custom tick positions and labels [(pos1, label1), ...]
        - `xLabelColor`,     [automatic], color of numeric labels and ticks
        - `xLabelPrecision`,         [2], nr. of significative digits to be shown
        - `xLabelSize`,          [0.015], size of the numeric labels along axis
        - 'xLabelRotation',          [0], rotate clockwise [1] or anticlockwise [-1] by 90 degrees
        - 'xFlipText',           [False], flip axis title and numeric labels orientation
        - `xLabelOffset`,        [0.025], offset of numeric labels
        - `tipSize`,              [0.01], size of the arrow tip
        - `limitRatio`,           [0.04], below this ratio don't plot small axis

        :Example:

            .. code-block:: python

                from vedo import Box, show
                b = Box(pos=(0,0,0), length=80, width=90, height=70).alpha(0)
                show(b, axes={ 'xtitle':'Some long variable [a.u.]',
                               'numberOfDivisions':4,
                               # ...
                             })

    |customAxes| |customAxes.py|_
    """
    plt = settings.plotter_instance
    if axtype is not None:
        plt.axes = axtype  # override

    r = plt.renderers.index(plt.renderer)

    if not plt.axes:
        return

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(plt.renderer.GetBackground()) > 1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
    else:
        c = getColor(c) # for speed

    if not plt.renderer:
        return

    if plt.axes_instances[r]:
        return

    ############################################################
    # custom grid walls
    if plt.axes == 1 or plt.axes is True or isinstance(plt.axes, dict):

        if isinstance(plt.axes, dict):
            plt.axes.update({'useGlobal':True})
            asse = Axes(None, **plt.axes)
        else:
            asse = Axes(None, useGlobal=True)

        plt.renderer.AddActor(asse)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = asse


    elif plt.axes == 2 or plt.axes == 3:
        x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1 = plt.renderer.ComputeVisiblePropBounds()
        xcol, ycol, zcol = "dr", "dg", "db"
        s = 1
        alpha = 1
        centered = False
        dx, dy, dz = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, z1 - z0
        aves = np.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz) / 2
        x0, x1 = min(x0, 0), max(x1, 0)
        y0, y1 = min(y0, 0), max(y1, 0)
        z0, z1 = min(z0, 0), max(z1, 0)

        if plt.axes == 3:
            if x1 > 0:
                x0 = 0
            if y1 > 0:
                y0 = 0
            if z1 > 0:
                z0 = 0

        dx, dy, dz = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, z1 - z0
        acts = []
        if x0 * x1 <= 0 or y0 * z1 <= 0 or z0 * z1 <= 0:  # some ranges contain origin
            zero = shapes.Sphere(r=aves / 120 * s, c="k", alpha=alpha, res=10)
            acts += [zero]

        if len(plt.xtitle) and dx > aves/100:
            xl = shapes.Cylinder([[x0, 0, 0], [x1, 0, 0]], r=aves/250*s, c=xcol, alpha=alpha)
            xc = shapes.Cone(pos=[x1, 0, 0], c=xcol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[1, 0, 0], res=10)
            wpos = [x1-(len(plt.xtitle)+1)*aves/40*s, -aves/25*s, 0]  # aligned to arrow tip
            if centered:
                wpos = [(x0 + x1) / 2 - len(plt.xtitle) / 2 * aves / 40 * s, -aves / 25 * s, 0]
            xt = shapes.Text3D(plt.xtitle, pos=wpos, s=aves / 40 * s, c=xcol)
            acts += [xl, xc, xt]

        if len(plt.ytitle) and dy > aves/100:
            yl = shapes.Cylinder([[0, y0, 0], [0, y1, 0]], r=aves/250*s, c=ycol, alpha=alpha)
            yc = shapes.Cone(pos=[0, y1, 0], c=ycol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[0, 1, 0], res=10)
            wpos = [-aves/40*s, y1-(len(plt.ytitle)+1)*aves/40*s, 0]
            if centered:
                wpos = [-aves / 40 * s, (y0 + y1) / 2 - len(plt.ytitle) / 2 * aves / 40 * s, 0]
            yt = shapes.Text3D(plt.ytitle, pos=(0, 0, 0), s=aves / 40 * s, c=ycol)
            yt.pos(wpos).RotateZ(90)
            acts += [yl, yc, yt]

        if len(plt.ztitle) and dz > aves/100:
            zl = shapes.Cylinder([[0, 0, z0], [0, 0, z1]], r=aves/250*s, c=zcol, alpha=alpha)
            zc = shapes.Cone(pos=[0, 0, z1], c=zcol, alpha=alpha,
                             r=aves/100*s, height=aves/25*s, axis=[0, 0, 1], res=10)
            wpos = [-aves/50*s, -aves/50*s, z1 - (len(plt.ztitle)+1)*aves/40*s]
            if centered:
                wpos = [-aves/50*s, -aves/50*s, (z0+z1)/2-len(plt.ztitle)/2*aves/40*s]
            zt = shapes.Text3D(plt.ztitle, pos=(0,0,0), s=aves/40*s, c=zcol)
            zt.pos(wpos).RotateZ(45)
            zt.RotateX(90)
            acts += [zl, zc, zt]
        for a in acts:
            a.PickableOff()
        ass = Assembly(acts)
        ass.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ass)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ass

    elif plt.axes == 4:
        axact = vtk.vtkAxesActor()
        axact.SetShaftTypeToCylinder()
        axact.SetCylinderRadius(0.03)
        axact.SetXAxisLabelText(plt.xtitle)
        axact.SetYAxisLabelText(plt.ytitle)
        axact.SetZAxisLabelText(plt.ztitle)
        axact.GetXAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 0)
        axact.GetYAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(0, 1, 0)
        axact.GetZAxisShaftProperty().SetColor(0, 0, 1)
        axact.GetXAxisTipProperty().SetColor(1, 0, 0)
        axact.GetYAxisTipProperty().SetColor(0, 1, 0)
        axact.GetZAxisTipProperty().SetColor(0, 0, 1)
        bc = np.array(plt.renderer.GetBackground())
        if np.sum(bc) < 1.5:
            lc = (1, 1, 1)
        else:
            lc = (0, 0, 0)
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().BoldOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        axact.GetXAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.GetYAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.GetZAxisCaptionActor2D().GetCaptionTextProperty().SetColor(lc)
        axact.PickableOff()
        icn = addIcon(axact, size=0.1)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = icn

    elif plt.axes == 5:
        axact = vtk.vtkAnnotatedCubeActor()
        axact.GetCubeProperty().SetColor(getColor(settings.annotatedCubeColor))
        axact.SetTextEdgesVisibility(0)
        axact.SetFaceTextScale(settings.annotatedCubeTextScale)
        axact.SetXPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeXPlusText)
        axact.SetXMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeXMinusText)
        axact.SetYPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeYPlusText)
        axact.SetYMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeYMinusText)
        axact.SetZPlusFaceText (settings.annotatedCubeZPlusText)
        axact.SetZMinusFaceText(settings.annotatedCubeZMinusText)
        axact.SetZFaceTextRotation(90)

        if settings.annotatedCubeTextColor is None: # use default
            axact.GetXPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("r"))
            axact.GetXMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("dr"))
            axact.GetYPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("g"))
            axact.GetYMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("dg"))
            axact.GetZPlusFaceProperty().SetColor( getColor("b"))
            axact.GetZMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(getColor("db"))
        else: # use single user color
            ac = getColor(getColor(settings.annotatedCubeTextColor))
            axact.GetXPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetXMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetYPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetYMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetZPlusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)
            axact.GetZMinusFaceProperty().SetColor(ac)

        axact.PickableOff()
        icn = addIcon(axact, size=0.06)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = icn

    elif plt.axes == 6:
        ocf = vtk.vtkOutlineCornerFilter()
        ocf.SetCornerFactor(0.1)
        largestact, sz = None, -1
        for a in plt.actors:
            if a.GetPickable():
                b = a.GetBounds()
                if b is None:
                    return
                d = max(b[1]-b[0], b[3]-b[2], b[5]-b[4])
                if sz < d:
                    largestact = a
                    sz = d
        if isinstance(largestact, Assembly):
            ocf.SetInputData(largestact.unpack(0).GetMapper().GetInput())
        else:
            ocf.SetInputData(largestact.GetMapper().GetInput())
        ocf.Update()
        ocMapper = vtk.vtkHierarchicalPolyDataMapper()
        ocMapper.SetInputConnection(0, ocf.GetOutputPort(0))
        ocActor = vtk.vtkActor()
        ocActor.SetMapper(ocMapper)
        bc = np.array(plt.renderer.GetBackground())
        if np.sum(bc) < 1.5:
            lc = (1, 1, 1)
        else:
            lc = (0, 0, 0)
        ocActor.GetProperty().SetColor(lc)
        ocActor.PickableOff()
        ocActor.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ocActor)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ocActor

    elif plt.axes == 7:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        rulax = buildRulerAxes(vbb, c=c,
                               xtitle=plt.xtitle+' - ',
                               ytitle=plt.ytitle+' - ',
                               ztitle=plt.ztitle+' - ')
        plt.axes_instances[r] = rulax
        if not rulax:
            return None
        rulax.UseBoundsOff()
        rulax.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(rulax)

    elif plt.axes == 8:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        ca = vtk.vtkCubeAxesActor()
        ca.SetBounds(vbb)
        ca.SetCamera(plt.renderer.GetActiveCamera())
        ca.GetXAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        ca.GetYAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        ca.GetZAxesLinesProperty().SetColor(c)
        for i in range(3):
            ca.GetLabelTextProperty(i).SetColor(c)
            ca.GetTitleTextProperty(i).SetColor(c)
        ca.SetTitleOffset(5)
        ca.SetFlyMode(3)
        ca.SetXTitle(plt.xtitle)
        ca.SetYTitle(plt.ytitle)
        ca.SetZTitle(plt.ztitle)
        if plt.xtitle == "":
            ca.SetXAxisVisibility(0)
            ca.XAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
        if plt.ytitle == "":
            ca.SetYAxisVisibility(0)
            ca.YAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
        if plt.ztitle == "":
            ca.SetZAxisVisibility(0)
            ca.ZAxisLabelVisibilityOff()
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 9:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        src = vtk.vtkCubeSource()
        src.SetXLength(vbb[1] - vbb[0])
        src.SetYLength(vbb[3] - vbb[2])
        src.SetZLength(vbb[5] - vbb[4])
        src.Update()
        ca = Mesh(src.GetOutput(), c, 0.5).wireframe(True)
        ca.pos((vbb[0] + vbb[1]) / 2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) / 2, (vbb[5] + vbb[4]) / 2)
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 10:
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]
        x0 = (vbb[0] + vbb[1]) / 2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) / 2, (vbb[5] + vbb[4]) / 2
        rx, ry, rz = (vbb[1]-vbb[0])/2, (vbb[3]-vbb[2])/2, (vbb[5]-vbb[4])/2
        rm = max(rx, ry, rz)
        xc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lr', res=(1,72))
        yc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lg', res=(1,72))
        yc.RotateX(90)
        zc = shapes.Disc(x0, r1=rm, r2=rm, c='lb', res=(1,72))
        yc.RotateY(90)
        xc.clean().alpha(0.2).wireframe().lineWidth(2.5).PickableOff()
        yc.clean().alpha(0.2).wireframe().lineWidth(2.5).PickableOff()
        zc.clean().alpha(0.2).wireframe().lineWidth(2.5).PickableOff()
        ca = xc + yc + zc
        ca.PickableOff()
        ca.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ca)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ca

    elif plt.axes == 11:
        vbb, ss = computeVisibleBounds()[0:2]
        xpos, ypos = (vbb[1] + vbb[0]) /2, (vbb[3] + vbb[2]) /2
        gs = sum(ss)*3
        gr = shapes.Grid((xpos, ypos, vbb[4]), sx=gs, sy=gs,
                          resx=11, resy=11, c=c, alpha=0.1)
        gr.lighting('off').PickableOff()
        gr.UseBoundsOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(gr)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = gr

    elif plt.axes == 12:
        polaxes = vtk.vtkPolarAxesActor()
        vbb = computeVisibleBounds()[0]

        if plt.xtitle == 'x':
            polaxes.SetPolarAxisTitle('radial distance')
        else:
            polaxes.SetPolarAxisTitle(plt.xtitle)
        polaxes.SetPole(0,0, vbb[4])
        rd = max(abs(vbb[0]), abs(vbb[2]), abs(vbb[1]), abs(vbb[3]))
        polaxes.SetMaximumRadius(rd)
        polaxes.AutoSubdividePolarAxisOff()
        polaxes.SetNumberOfPolarAxisTicks(10)
        polaxes.SetCamera(plt.renderer.GetActiveCamera())
        polaxes.SetPolarLabelFormat("%6.1f")
        polaxes.PolarLabelVisibilityOff() # due to bad overlap of labels

        polaxes.GetPolarArcsProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisTitleTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetPolarAxisLabelTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetLastRadialAxisTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryRadialAxesTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryRadialAxesProperty().SetColor(c)
        polaxes.GetSecondaryPolarArcsProperty().SetColor(c)

        polaxes.SetMinimumAngle(0.)
        polaxes.SetMaximumAngle(315.)
        polaxes.SetNumberOfPolarAxisTicks(5)
        polaxes.UseBoundsOff()
        polaxes.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(polaxes)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = polaxes

    elif plt.axes == 13:
        # draws a simple ruler at the bottom of the window
        ls = vtk.vtkLegendScaleActor()
        ls.RightAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.TopAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.LegendVisibilityOff()
        ls.LeftAxisVisibilityOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().SetNumberOfMinorTicks(1)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().BoldOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        pr = ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty()
        pr.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        pr.SetFontFile(settings.fonts_path + settings.defaultFont +'.ttf')
        ls.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ls)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ls

    elif plt.axes == 123:
        # draws a simple ruler at the bottom of the window
        ls = vtk.vtkLegendScaleActor()
        # ls.SetLabelModeToDistance()
        ls.AllAnnotationsOff ()
        #ls.LegendVisibilityOff ()


        ls.BottomAxisVisibilityOn()
        # ls.GetBottomAxis().SetNumberOfMinorTicks(0)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().RulerModeOn()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().SetRulerDistance (.1)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().AdjustLabelsOn ()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().SetRange([0,1])
        #print(ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelFormat ())




        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().SetColor(c)
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().BoldOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ItalicOff()
        ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty().ShadowOff()
        pr = ls.GetBottomAxis().GetLabelTextProperty()
        pr.SetFontFamily(vtk.VTK_FONT_FILE)
        pr.SetFontFile(settings.fonts_path + settings.defaultFont +'.ttf')
        ls.PickableOff()
        plt.renderer.AddActor(ls)
        plt.axes_instances[r] = ls

    else:
        printc('\bomb Keyword axes type must be in range [0-13].', c='r')
        printc('''
  Available axes types are:

  0 = no axes,
  1 = draw three customizable gray grid walls
  2 = show cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
  3 = show positive range of cartesian axes from (0,0,0)
  4 = show a triad at bottom left
  5 = show a cube at bottom left
  6 = mark the corners of the bounding box
  7 = draw a 3D ruler at each side of the cartesian axes
  8 = show the vtkCubeAxesActor object
  9 = show the bounding box outline
  10 = show three circles representing the maximum bounding box
  11 = show a large grid on the x-y plane (use with zoom=8)
  12 = show polar axes.
  13 = draw a simple ruler at the bottom of the window
  ''', c='r', bold=0)

    if not plt.axes_instances[r]:
        plt.axes_instances[r] = True
    return


#####################################################################
def addRendererFrame(c=None, alpha=None, lw=None):

    if c is None:  # automatic black or white
        c = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
        if np.sum(settings.plotter_instance.renderer.GetBackground())>1.5:
            c = (0.1, 0.1, 0.1)
    c = getColor(c)

    if alpha is None:
        alpha = settings.rendererFrameAlpha

    if lw is None:
        lw = settings.rendererFrameWidth

    ppoints = vtk.vtkPoints()  # Generate the polyline
    psqr = [[0,0],[0,1],[1,1],[1,0],[0,0]]
    for i, pt in enumerate(psqr):
            ppoints.InsertPoint(i, pt[0], pt[1], 0)
    lines = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    lines.InsertNextCell(len(psqr))
    for i in range(len(psqr)):
        lines.InsertCellPoint(i)
    pd = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    pd.SetPoints(ppoints)
    pd.SetLines(lines)

    mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper2D()
    mapper.SetInputData(pd)
    cs = vtk.vtkCoordinate()
    cs.SetCoordinateSystemToNormalizedViewport()
    mapper.SetTransformCoordinate(cs)

    fractor = vtk.vtkActor2D()
    fractor.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, 0)
    fractor.GetPosition2Coordinate().SetValue(1, 1)
    fractor.SetMapper(mapper)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetColor(c)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetOpacity(alpha)
    fractor.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(lw)

    settings.plotter_instance.renderer.AddActor(fractor)
    return fractor


class LegendBox(vtk.vtkLegendBoxActor, shapes.TextBase):
    """
    Create a 2D legend box for the list of specified objects

    :param int nmax: max number of legend entries
    :param c: text color, leave as None to pick the mesh color
    :param float width: width of the box as fraction of the window width
    :param float height: height of the box as fraction of the window height
    :param int pad: padding space in number of pixels
    :param bg: background color of the box
    :param float alpha: opacity of the box
    :param str pos: position of the box
    """
    def __init__( self,
                 entries=(),
                 nmax=12,
                 c=None,
                 font="",
                 width=0.18,
                 height=None,
                 pad=2,
                 bg="k8",
                 alpha=0.25,
                 pos="top-right",
        ):
        vtk.vtkLegendBoxActor.__init__(self)

        self.entries = entries[:nmax]

        n = 0
        texts = []
        for e in self.entries:
            ename = e.name
            if 'legend' in e.info.keys():
                if not e.info['legend']:
                    ename = ''
                else:
                    ename = str(e.info['legend'])

            if not isinstance(e, vtk.vtkActor):
                ename = ''
            if ename:
                n+=1
            texts.append(ename)
        self.SetNumberOfEntries(n)

        if not n:
            return

        self.ScalarVisibilityOff()
        self.PickableOff()
        self.SetPadding(pad)

        self.property = self.GetEntryTextProperty()
        self.property.ShadowOff()
        self.property.BoldOff()

        # self.property.SetJustificationToLeft() # no effect
        # self.property.SetVerticalJustificationToTop()

        self.font(font)

        n = 0
        for i in range(len(self.entries)):
            ti = texts[i]
            if not ti:
                continue
            e = entries[i]
            if c is None:
                col = e.GetProperty().GetColor()
                if col == (1, 1, 1):
                    col = (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
            else:
                col = getColor(c)
            poly = e.inputdata()
            self.SetEntry(n, poly, ti, col)
            n += 1

        self.SetWidth(width)
        if height is None:
            self.SetHeight(width / 4.0 * n)
        else:
            self.SetHeight(height)

        sx, sy = 1 - self.GetWidth(), 1 - self.GetHeight()
        if   pos == 1 or ("top" in pos and "left" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, sy)
        elif pos == 2 or ("top" in pos and "right" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(sx, sy)
        elif pos == 3 or ("bottom" in pos and "left" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(0, 0)
        elif pos == 4 or ("bottom" in pos and "right" in pos):
            self.GetPositionCoordinate().SetValue(sx, 0)
        if alpha:
            self.UseBackgroundOn()
            self.SetBackgroundColor(getColor(bg))
            self.SetBackgroundOpacity(alpha)
        else:
            self.UseBackgroundOff()
        self.LockBorderOn()
