--trees--

tree "Geographical"
    field "Area (1000 km\u00b2)"
        field-type "sum"
        own-fields ["2 area"]
        child-fields ["Area (1000 km\u00b2)"]
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Population (million people)"
        field-type "sum"
        own-fields ["1 population"]
        child-fields ["Population (million people)"]
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Population Density (thousand / km\u00b2)"
        field-type "ratio"
        own-fields ["Population (million people)", "Area (1000 km\u00b2)"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Personal Space (thousand m\u00b2 / person)"
        field-type "ratio"
        own-fields ["Area (1000 km\u00b2)", "Population (million people)"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Information"
        field-type "text"
        own-fields ["3 information"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Wikipedia"
        field-type "url"
        own-fields ["wikipedia"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []

tree "First Language"
    field "Speakers (million)"
        field-type "sum"
        own-fields ["1 population"]
        child-fields ["Speakers (million)"]
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Information"
        field-type "text"
        own-fields ["3 information"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []
    field "Wikipedia"
        field-type "url"
        own-fields ["wikipedia"]
        child-fields []
        sibling-fields []
        parent-fields []

--item-types--

item Country
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], []]

--item-pool--

item Sino-Tibetan
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Sino-Tibetan (also referred to as Trans-Himalayan)[1][2] is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers.[3] Around 1.4 billion people speak a Sino-Tibetan language.[4] The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Sinitic languages. Other Sino-Tibetan languages with large numbers of speakers include Burmese (33 million) and the Tibetic languages (6 million). Four United Nations member states (China, Singapore, Myanmar, and Bhutan) have a Sino-Tibetan language as a main native language. Other languages of the family are spoken in the Himalayas, the Southeast Asian Massif, and the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Most of these have small speech communities in remote mountain areas, and as such are poorly documented. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0]]

item Sinitic languages
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Sinitic languages[a] (simplified Chinese: \u6c49\u8bed\u65cf; traditional Chinese: \u6f22\u8a9e\u65cf; pinyin: H\u00e0ny\u01d4 z\u00fa), often synonymous with the Chinese languages, are a group of East Asian analytic languages that constitute a major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is frequently proposed that there is a primary split between the Sinitic languages and the rest of the family (the Tibeto-Burman languages). This view is rejected by some researchers[4] but has found phylogenetic support among others.[5][6] The Macro-Bai languages, whose classification is difficult, may be an offshoot of Old Chinese and thus Sinitic;[7] otherwise, Sinitic is defined only by the many varieties of Chinese unified by a shared historical background, and usage of the term \"Sinitic\" may reflect the linguistic view that Chinese constitutes a family of distinct languages, rather than variants of a single language.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0]]

item Chinese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Chinese (simplified Chinese: \u6c49\u8bed; traditional Chinese: \u6f22\u8a9e; pinyin: H\u00e0ny\u01d4; lit. 'Han language' or \u4e2d\u6587; Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages[d] spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0, 0]]

item Mandarin
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Mandarin (/\u02c8m\u00e6nd\u0259r\u026an/ \u24d8 MAN-d\u0259r-in; simplified Chinese: \u5b98\u8bdd; traditional Chinese: \u5b98\u8a71; pinyin: Gu\u0101nhu\u00e0; lit. 'officials' speech') is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. Its spread is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Beijing Mandarin
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "In Chinese dialectology, Beijing Mandarin (simplified Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8bdd; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u5b98\u8a71; pinyin: B\u011bij\u012bng Gu\u0101nhu\u00e0) refers to a major branch of Mandarin Chinese recognized by the Language Atlas of China, encompassing a number of dialects spoken in areas of Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Tianjin,[1] the most important of which is the Beijing dialect, which provides the phonological basis for Standard Chinese. Both Beijing Mandarin and its Beijing dialect are also called Beijingese. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Beijing Dialect
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Beijing dialect (simplified Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u8bdd; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u8a71; pinyin: B\u011bij\u012bnghu\u00e0), also known as Pekingese and Beijingese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin spoken in the urban area of Beijing, China. It is the phonological basis of Standard Chinese, the official language in the People's Republic of China and one of the official languages of Singapore and the Republic of China. Despite the similarity to Standard Chinese, it is characterized by some \"iconic\" differences, including the addition of a final rhotic \u513f; -r to some words (e.g. \u54ea\u513f; n\u01cer).[citation needed] During the Ming, southern dialectal influences were also introduced into the dialect.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_dialect", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Standard Chinese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Standard Chinese (simplified Chinese: \u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u6c49\u8bed; traditional Chinese: \u73fe\u4ee3\u6a19\u6e96\u6f22\u8a9e; pinyin: Xi\u00e0nd\u00e0i bi\u0101ozh\u01d4n h\u00e0ny\u01d4; lit. 'modern standard Han speech') is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912\u20131949). It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect. Standard Chinese is a pluricentric language with local standards in mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore that mainly differ in their lexicon. Hong Kong written Chinese, used for formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macau, is a form of Standard Chinese that is read aloud with the Cantonese reading of characters. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Japonic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Japonic or Japanese\u2013Ryukyuan (Japanese: \u65e5\u7409\u8a9e\u65cf, romanized: Nichiry\u016b gozoku) is a language family comprising Japanese, spoken in the main islands of Japan, and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken in the Ryukyu Islands. The family is universally accepted by linguists, and significant progress has been made in reconstructing the proto-language, Proto-Japonic.[1] The reconstruction implies a split between all dialects of Japanese and all Ryukyuan varieties, probably before the 7th century. The Hachij\u014d language, spoken on the Izu Islands, is also included, but its position within the family is unclear. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [1]]

item Insular Japonic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Insular Japonic languages or Japonic-Ryukyu languages are a subdivision of the Japonic languages, as opposed to the hypothetical Peninsular Japonic languages formerly spoken in central and southern Korea. This grouping, originally proposed by Vovin, has been taken up several times subsequently.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Japonic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [1, 0]]

item Japanese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Japanese (\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e, Nihongo, [\u0272iho\u014b\u0261o] \u24d8) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [1, 0, 0]]

item Indo-European
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e.g., Tajikistan and Afghanistan), Armenia, and areas of southern India. Historically, Indo-European languages were also spoken in Anatolia. Some European languages of this family\u2014English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Dutch\u2014have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Indo-European family is divided into several branches or sub-families, including Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, and Italic, all of which contain present-day living languages, as well as many more extinct branches. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2]]

item Balto-Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits not found in any other Indo-European branch,[3] which points to a period of common development and origin.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0]]

item Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Early Middle Ages, which in turn is thought to have descended from the earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic language, linking the Slavic languages to the Baltic languages in a Balto-Slavic group within the Indo-European family. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0]]

item South Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the Balkans. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (West and East) by a belt of German, Hungarian and Romanian speakers. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0]]

item Western South Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Each of these primary and secondary dialectal units breaks down into subdialects and accentological isoglosses by region. In the past (and currently, in isolated areas), it was not uncommon for individual villages to have their own words and phrases. However, during the 20th century the local dialects have been influenced by \u0160tokavian standards through mass media and public education and much \"local speech\" has been lost (primarily in areas with larger populations). With the breakup of Yugoslavia, a rise in national awareness has caused individuals to modify their speech according to newly established standard-language guidelines. The wars have caused large migrations, changing the ethnic (and dialectal) picture of some areas\u2014especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in central Croatia and Serbia (Vojvodina in particular). In some areas, it is unclear whether location or ethnicity is the dominant factor in the dialect of the speaker. Because of this the speech patterns of some communities and regions are in a state of flux, and it is difficult to determine which dialects will die out entirely. Further research over the next few decades will be necessary to determine the changes made in the dialectical distribution of this language group.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Slavic_languages#Western_South_Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Serbo-Croatian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Serbo-Croatian[b] (srpskohrvatski / \u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438),[c] also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS),[11][d] is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.[14] It is a pluricentric language with four[15] mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin.[16][14] ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbo-Croatian", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Croatian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Croatian (/kro\u028a\u02c8e\u026a\u0283\u0259n/ \u24d8; hrvatski [x\u0159\u0329\u028ba\u02d0tski\u02d0]) is the standardised variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language[8][9][10][11][12][13] mainly used by Croats.[14] It is the national official language and literary standard of Croatia, one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, the European Union and a recognized minority language elsewhere in Serbia and other neighbouring countries. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Shtokavian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Shtokavian or \u0160tokavian (/\u0283t\u0252\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0vi\u0259n, -\u02c8k\u00e6v-/; Serbo-Croatian Latin: \u0161tokavski / Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u0448\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438, pronounced [\u0283t\u01d2\u02d0ka\u028bski\u02d0])[1] is the prestige supradialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards.[2] It is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum.[3][4] Its name comes from the form for the interrogative pronoun for \"what\" \u0161to. This is in contrast to Kajkavian and Chakavian (kaj and \u010da also meaning \"what\"). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtokavian", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item Eastern Herzegovinian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Eastern Herzegovinian dialect (/\u02cch\u025b\u0259rts\u0259\u0261\u0259\u02c8vi\u02d0ni\u0259n, \u02cch\u025c\u02d0r-, -\u0261o\u028a-, -\u02c8v\u026an-/,[1][2] Serbo-Croatian: isto\u010dnohercegova\u010dki dijalekt / \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0445\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442) is the most widespread subdialect of the Shtokavian supradialect or language, both by territory and the number of speakers. It is the dialectal basis for all modern literary Serbo-Croatian standards: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin (in this last only partially codified). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Herzegovinian_dialect", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Bosnian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Bosnian (/\u02c8b\u0252zni\u0259n/ \u24d8; bosanski / \u0431\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438; [b\u0254\u030csanski\u02d0]), sometimes referred to as Bosniak (bo\u0161nja\u010dki / \u0431\u043e\u0448\u045a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438; [b\u01d2\u0283\u0272a\u02d0t\u0283ki\u02d0]),[5][6] is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by ethnic Bosniaks.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Bosnian is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina,[14] alongside Croatian and Serbian, all of which are mutually intelligible.[8] It is also an officially recognized minority language in Croatia, Serbia,[15] Montenegro,[16] North Macedonia and Kosovo.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Montenegrin
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Montenegrin (/\u02ccm\u0252nt\u026a\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0261r\u026an/ MON-tin-EE-grin;[4][a] crnogorski, \u0446\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438) is a normative variety of the Serbo-Croatian language[5][6][7][8] mainly used by Montenegrins and is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1]]

item Serbian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Serbian (\u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 / srpski, pronounced [sr\u0329\u0302pski\u02d0]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs.[8][9][10][11][12][13] It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2]]

item Slovene
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Slovene (/\u02c8slo\u028avi\u02d0n/ \u24d8 SLOH-veen or /slo\u028a\u02c8vi\u02d0n, sl\u0259-/ sloh-VEEN, sl\u0259-[8]) or Slovenian (/slo\u028a\u02c8vi\u02d0ni\u0259n, sl\u0259-/ \u24d8 sloh-VEE-nee-\u0259n, sl\u0259-;[9][10] sloven\u0161\u010dina [sl\u0254\u02c8\u028b\u00e8\u02d0n\u0283t\u0283ina]) is a South Slavic language of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. Most of its 2.5 million speakers are the inhabitants of Slovenia, the majority of them ethnic Slovenes. As Slovenia is part of the European Union, Slovene is also one of its 24 official and working languages. Its grammar is highly fusional, and it has a dual grammatical number, an archaic feature shared with some other Indo-European languages. Two accentual norms (one characterized by pitch accent) are used. Its flexible word order is often adjusted for emphasis or stylistic reasons, although basically it is an SVO language. It has a T\u2013V distinction: the use of the V-form demonstrates a respectful attitude towards superiors and the elderly, while it can be sidestepped through the passive form.[", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item Eastern South Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Eastern South Slavic dialects form the eastern subgroup of the South Slavic languages. They are spoken mostly in Bulgaria and North Macedonia, and adjacent areas in the neighbouring countries. They form the so-called Balkan Slavic linguistic area, which encompasses the southeastern part of the dialect continuum of South Slavic. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_South_Slavic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item Bulgarian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Bulgarian (/b\u028cl\u02c8\u0261\u025b\u0259ri\u0259n/ \u24d8; \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a, b\u016dlgarski ezik, pronounced [\u02c8b\u0264\u026b\u0261\u0250rski] \u24d8) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Macedonian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Macedonian (/\u02ccm\u00e6s\u026a\u02c8do\u028ani\u0259n/ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-\u0259n; \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043a, translit. makedonski jazik, pronounced [ma\u02c8k\u025bd\u0254nski \u02c8jazik] \u24d8) is an Eastern South Slavic language. It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of a larger Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken as a first language by around 1.6 million people, it serves as the official language of North Macedonia.[1] Most speakers can be found in the country and its diaspora, with a smaller number of speakers throughout the transnational region of Macedonia. Macedonian is also a recognized minority language in parts of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, and Serbia and it is spoken by expatriate communities predominantly in Australia, Canada, and the United States. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1]]

item East Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic languages are currently spoken natively throughout Eastern Europe, and eastwards to Siberia and the Russian Far East.[1] In part due to the large historical influence of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, the Russian language is also spoken as a lingua franca in many regions of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Of the three Slavic branches, East Slavic is the most spoken, with the number of native speakers larger than the Western and Southern branches combined. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 1]]

item Russian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Russian[d] is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages,[e] and is the native language of the Russians. It was the de facto and de jure[f] official language of the former Soviet Union.[21] Russian has remained an official language of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Israel.[22][23][24][25] ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Belarusian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Belarusian (endonym: \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, romanized: bielaruskaja mova, pronounced [b\u02b2\u025bla\u02c8ruskaja \u02c8m\u0254va]) is an East Slavic language. It is one of the two official languages in Belarus, the other being Russian. It is also spoken in parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Ukraine, and the United States by the Belarusian diaspora. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 1, 1]]

item Ukrainian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Ukrainian (\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, ukrainska mova, IPA: [\u028akr\u0250\u02c8jin\u02b2s\u02b2k\u0250 \u02c8m\u0254w\u0250]) is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 1, 2]]

item West Slavic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The West Slavic languages are a subdivision of the Slavic language group.[1] They include Polish, Czech, Slovak, Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian.[1] The languages have traditionally been spoken across a mostly continuous region encompassing the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland,[1] the westernmost regions of Ukraine and Belarus, and a bit of eastern Lithuania.[citation needed] In addition, there are several language islands such as the Sorbian areas in Lusatia in Germany,[1] and Slovak areas in Hungary and elsewhere.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Slavic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2]]

item Czech–Slovak
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Czech\u2013Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak) are a subgroup within the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%E2%80%93Slovak_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2, 0]]

item Czech
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Czech (/t\u0283\u025bk/ CHEK; endonym: \u010de\u0161tina [\u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u0283c\u026ana]), historically known as Bohemian[5] (/bo\u028a\u02c8hi\u02d0mi\u0259n, b\u0259-/ boh-HEE-mee-\u0259n, b\u0259-;[6] Latin: lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech\u2013Slovak group, written in Latin script.[5] Spoken by over 12 million people including second language speakers,[1] it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree.[7] Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0]]

item Slovak
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Slovak (/\u02c8slo\u028av\u00e6k, -v\u0251\u02d0k/ SLOH-va(h)k;[16][17] endonym: sloven\u010dina [\u02c8sl\u0254\u028bent\u0361\u0282ina] or slovensk\u00fd jazyk [\u02c8sl\u0254\u028benski\u02d0 \u02c8jazik] \u24d8), is a West Slavic language of the Czech\u2013Slovak group, written in Latin script and formerly in Cyrillic script.[18] It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken by approximately 5 million people as a native language, primarily ethnic Slovaks, it serves as the official language of Slovakia and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1]]

item Lechitic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Lechitic (or Lekhitic) languages are a language subgroup consisting of Polish and several other languages and dialects that were once spoken in the area that is now Poland and eastern Germany.[1] It is one of the branches of the larger West Slavic subgroup; the other branches of this subgroup are the Czech\u2013Slovak languages and the Sorbian languages. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lechitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2, 1]]

item Polish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Polish (endonym: j\u0119zyk polski, [\u02c8j\u025b\u0303z\u0268k \u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2i] \u24d8, polszczyzna [p\u0254l\u02c8\u0282t\u0361\u0282\u0268zna] \u24d8 or simply polski, [\u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2i] \u24d8) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script.[13] It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers.[14] It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union.[15] Polish is subdivided into regional dialects. It maintains strict T\u2013V distinction pronouns, honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0]]

item Baltic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Baltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively or as a second language by a population of about 6.5\u20137.0 million people[1][2] mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Europe. Together with the Slavic languages, they form the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European family. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 1]]

item East Baltic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The East Baltic languages are a group of languages that along with the extinct West Baltic languages belong to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. The East Baltic branch primarily consists of two extant languages\u2014Latvian and Lithuanian. Occasionally, Latgalian and Samogitian are viewed as distinct languages, though they are traditionally regarded as dialects.[1][2] It also includes now-extinct Selonian, Semigallian, and possibly Old Curonian.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Baltic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 1, 0]]

item Lithuanian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Lithuanian (endonym: lietuvi\u0173 kalba, pronounced [l\u02b2i\u0259\u02c8t\u028av\u02b2u\u02d0 k\u0250\u026b\u02c8b\u0250]) is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are approximately 2.8 million[2] native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 1 million speakers elsewhere. Around half a million inhabitants of Lithuania of non-Lithuanian background speak Lithuanian daily as a second language. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Latvian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Latvian (endonym: latvie\u0161u valoda, pronounced [\u02c8latvi\u025b\u0283u \u02c8valu\u0254da]),[4] also known as Lettish,[5] is an East Baltic language belonging to the Indo-European language family. It is spoken in the Baltic region, and is the language of the Latvians. It is the official language of Latvia as well as one of the official languages of the European Union.[6] There are about 1.5 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and 100,000 abroad. Altogether, 2 million, or 80% of the population of Latvia, spoke Latvian in the 2000s, before the total number of inhabitants of Latvia slipped to 1.8 million in 2022.[7] Of those, around 1.16 million or 62% of Latvia's population used it as their primary language at home, though excluding the Latgale and Riga regions it is spoken as a native language in villages and towns by over 90% of the population.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 0, 1, 0, 1]]

item Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people[nb 1] mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is also the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers. All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia, Iron Age Northern Germany[2] and along the North Sea and Baltic coasts.[3]", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1]]

item West Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English, the Low German languages, and the Frisian languages; Istvaeonic, which encompasses Dutch and its close relatives; and Irminonic, which includes German and its close relatives and variants. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germanic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0]]

item North Sea Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic (/\u02cc\u026a\u014bvi\u02d0\u02c8\u0252n\u026ak/ ING-vee-ON-ik),[1] is a subgrouping of West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants. These languages share a number of commonalities, such as a single plural ending for all persons of the verb, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, common changes to the Germanic vowel *a, a plural form -as, and a number of other features which make scholars believe they form a distinct group within West Germanic. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 0]]

item Anglo-Frisian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Anglo-Frisian languages are a proposed sub-branch of the West Germanic languages encompassing the Anglic languages (English, Scots, extinct Fingallian, and extinct Yola) as well as the Frisian languages (North Frisian, East Frisian, and West Frisian). While this relationship had considerable support historically, many modern scholars have criticized it as a valid phylogenetic grouping.[a][b] Instead, they believe that the Ingvaeonic languages comprised a dialect continuum which stretched along the North Sea, finally diverging into distinct languages \u2013 Old English, Pre\u2013Old Frisian, and Old Saxon \u2013 during the Migration Period in the 5th century.[3] There are still proponents of an Anglo-Frisian node in the West Germanic tree, citing strong archeological and genetic evidence for the comingling of these groups.[4] In the 1950s, Hans Kuhn argued that the two languages diverged at the Ingvaeonic level, but later \"converged\". He argued that this convergence explained the striking similarity of the two languages while also explaining the issues in chronology. This view has been dismissed as improbable given the geographic divide.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Anglic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Anglic,[12][13] Insular Germanic, or English languages[14][15] and dialects encompass Old English and all the linguistic varieties descended from it. These include Middle English, Early Modern English, and Late Modern English; Early Scots, Middle Scots, and Modern Scots; and the extinct Fingallian and Yola languages in Ireland. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item English
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a global lingua franca.[4][5][6] The namesake of the language is the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples that migrated to Britain after its Roman occupiers left. English is the most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influences of the former British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the United States.[7] English is the third-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish;[8] it is also the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second-language speakers than native speakers. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item High German
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The High German languages (German: hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch [\u02c8ho\u02d0x\u02ccd\u0254\u026a\u032ft\u0361\u0283] \u24d8) \u2013 not to be confused with Standard High German which is commonly also called \"High German\" \u2013 comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses, i.e., in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and eastern Belgium, as well as in neighbouring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia). They are also spoken in diasporas in Romania, Russia, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Namibia. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_German_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 1]]

item German
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "German (Deutsch, pronounced [d\u0254\u028ft\u0283] \u24d8)[10] is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most spoken native language within the European Union. It is also the official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in France (Alsace), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Ko\u0161ice Region, Spi\u0161, and Hauerland), Denmark (North Schleswig), Romania and Hungary (Sopron). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in Brazil (Blumenau and Pomerode), South Africa (Kroondal), Namibia, among others, some communities have decidedly Austrian German or Swiss German characters (e.g. Pozuzo, Peru). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 1, 0]]

item Weser–Rhine Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Weser\u2013Rhine Germanic is a proposed subgrouping of West Germanic languages, which includes both Central German dialects and Low Franconian, the ancestor of Dutch.[1][2] The term was introduced by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer as a replacement for the older term Istvaeonic, with which it is essentially synonymous. The term Rhine\u2013Weser Germanic is sometimes preferred.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weser%E2%80%93Rhine_Germanic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2]]

item Low Franconian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "In historical and comparative linguistics, Low Franconian is a linguistic category used to classify a number of historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language. Most dialects and languages included within this category are spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium (Flanders), in the Nord department of France, in western Germany (Lower Rhine), as well as in Suriname, South Africa and Namibia. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Franconian", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 0]]

item Dutch
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Dutch (endonym: Nederlands [\u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nts] \u24d8) is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language[4] and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language. In Europe, Dutch is the native language of most of the population of the Netherlands and Flanders (which includes 60% of the population of Belgium).[2][3] Dutch was one of the official languages of South Africa until 1925, when it was replaced by Afrikaans, a separate but partially mutually intelligible daughter language[5] of Dutch.[a] Afrikaans, depending on the definition used, may be considered a sister language,[6] spoken, to some degree, by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia,[b] and evolving from Cape Dutch dialects. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0]]

item Central German
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Central German or Middle German (German: mitteldeutsche Dialekte, mitteldeutsche Mundarten, Mitteldeutsch) is a group of High German languages spoken from the Rhineland in the west to the former eastern territories of Germany. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_German", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 1]]

item West Central German
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch) belongs to the Central, High German dialect family of German. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Central_German", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0]]

item Central Franconian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Central or Middle Franconian (German: mittelfr\u00e4nkische Dialekte, mittelfr\u00e4nkische Mundarten, mittelfr\u00e4nkische Mundart, Mittelfr\u00e4nkisch) refers to the following continuum of West Central German dialects:\n\n    Ripuarian (spoken in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in eastern Belgium, and the southeastern tip of Dutch Limburg)\n    Moselle Franconian (in German Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, in eastern Belgium and French Lorraine)\n        Luxembourgish (in Luxembourg and the adjacent areas of Belgium and France)", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Franconian_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0]]

item Moselle Franconian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Moselle Franconian (German: Moselfr\u00e4nkisch; Luxembourgish: Muselfr\u00e4nkesch) is a West Central German language, part of the Central Franconian languages area, that includes Luxembourgish. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moselle_Franconian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Luxembourgish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Luxembourgish (/\u02c8l\u028cks\u0259mb\u025c\u02d0r\u0261\u026a\u0283/ LUK-s\u0259m-bur-ghish; also Luxemburgish,[2] Luxembourgian,[3] Letzebu(e)rgesch;[4] endonym: L\u00ebtzebuergesch [\u02c8l\u0259ts\u0259bu\u0259j\u0259\u0283] \u24d8) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg. About 400,000 people speak Luxembourgish worldwide.[5] ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourgish", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Northwest Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th-century tri-partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic, West Germanic and East Germanic, but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic (i.e. all surviving Germanic languages today) remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanic tribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether this subgroup constituted a unified proto-language, or simply represents a group of dialects that remained in contact and close geographical proximity, is a matter of debate, but the formulation of Ringe and Taylor probably enjoys widespread support", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Germanic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1]]

item North Germanic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages\u2014a sub-family of the Indo-European languages\u2014along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish scholars and people. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Germanic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0]]

item East Scandinavian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": null, "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Germanic_languages#Modern_languages_and_dialects", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 0]]

item Danish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Danish (/\u02c8de\u026an\u026a\u0283/ \u24d8, DAY-nish; endonym: dansk pronounced [\u02c8t\u00e6n\u02c0sk] \u24d8, dansk sprog [\u02c8t\u00e6n\u02c0sk \u02c8sp\u0281\u0254w\u02c0])[1] is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark. Communities of Danish speakers are also found in Greenland,[5] the Faroe Islands, and the northern German region of Southern Schleswig, where it has minority language status.[6][7] Minor Danish-speaking communities are also found in Norway, Sweden, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Swedish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Swedish (endonym: svenska [\u02c8sv\u025b\u0302n\u02d0ska] \u24d8) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland.[2] It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language, and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1]]

item West Scandinavian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Old West Norse is by far the best attested variety of Old Norse.[43] The term Old Norse is often used to refer to Old West Norse specifically, in which case the broader subject receives another name, such as Old Scandinavian.[4] Another designation is Old West Nordic. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse#Old_West_Norse", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 1]]

item Icelandic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Icelandic (/a\u026as\u02c8l\u00e6nd\u026ak/ \u24d8 eyess-LAN-dik; endonym: \u00edslenska, pronounced [\u02c8istl\u025bnska] \u24d8) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language.[2] Since it is a West Scandinavian language, it is most closely related to Faroese, western Norwegian dialects, and the extinct language Norn. It is not mutually intelligible with the continental Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish) and is more distinct from the most widely spoken Germanic languages, English and German. The written forms of Icelandic and Faroese are very similar, but their spoken forms are not mutually intelligible.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]]

item Norwegian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Norwegian (endonym: norsk [\u02c8n\u0254\u0282\u02d0k] \u24d8) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway, where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1]]

item Albanoid
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Albanoid or Albanic is a branch or subfamily of the Indo-European (IE) languages, of which Albanian language varieties are the only surviving representatives. In current classifications of the IE language family, Albanian is grouped in the same IE branch with Messapic, an ancient extinct language of Balkan provenance that is preserved in about six hundred inscriptions from Iron Age Apulia.[1] This IE subfamily is alternatively referred to as Illyric, Illyrian complex, Western Paleo-Balkan, or Adriatic Indo-European.[2] Concerning \"Illyrian\" of classical antiquity, it is not clear whether the scantly documented evidence actually represents one language and not material from several languages, but if \"Illyrian\" is defined as the ancient precursor of Albanian or the sibling of Proto-Albanian it is automatically included in this IE branch.[3] Albanoid is also used to explain Albanian-like pre-Romance features found in Eastern Romance languages.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanoid", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 2]]

item Albanian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Albanian (endonym: shqip [\u0283cip] \u24d8, gjuha shqipe [\u02c8\u025fuha \u02c8\u0283cip\u025b], or arb\u00ebrisht [a\u027eb\u0259\u02c8\u027ei\u0283t]) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group.[9] It is the native language of the Albanian people. Standard Albanian is the official language of Albania and Kosovo, and a co-official language in North Macedonia and Montenegro, where it is the primary language of significant Albanian minority communities. Albanian is recognized as a minority language in Italy, Croatia, Romania, and Serbia. It is also spoken in Greece and by the Albanian diaspora, which is generally concentrated in the Americas, Europe and Oceania.[2][10] Albanian is estimated to have as many as 7.5 million native speakers.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 2, 0]]

item Italic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. The most important of the ancient Italic languages was Latin, the official language of ancient Rome, which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era.[1] The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries AD as their speakers were assimilated into the Roman Empire and shifted to some form of Latin. Between the third and eighth centuries AD, Vulgar Latin (perhaps influenced by substrata from the other Italic languages) diversified into the Romance languages, which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today, while Literary Latin also survived.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3]]

item Latino-Faliscan
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Latino-Faliscan or Latinian languages form a group of the Italic languages within the Indo-European family. They were spoken by the Latino-Faliscan people of Italy who lived there from the early 1st millennium BC. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0]]

item Latin
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Latin (lingua Latina or Latinum[I]) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy.[1] Through the expansion of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in the Italian Peninsula and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. It has greatly influenced many languages, including English, having contributed many words to the English lexicon, particularly after the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons and the Norman Conquest. Latin roots appear frequently in the technical vocabulary used by fields such as theology, the sciences, medicine, and law. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0]]

item Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Romance languages, also known as the Latin[2] or Neo-Latin[3] languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.[4] They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0]]

item Italo-Western
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Italo-Western is, in some classifications, the largest branch of the Romance languages. It comprises two of the branches of Romance languages: Italo-Dalmatian and Western Romance. It excludes the Sardinian language and Eastern Romance. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Western_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Western Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Western Romance languages are one of the two subdivisions of a proposed subdivision of the Romance languages based on the La Spezia\u2013Rimini Line. They include the Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance. Gallo-Italic may also be included. The subdivision is based mainly on the use of the \"s\" for pluralization, the weakening of some consonants and the pronunciation of \"Soft C\" as /t\u0361s/ (often later /s/) rather than /t\u0361\u0283/ as in Italian and Romanian. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Gallo-Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the langues d'o\u00efl and Franco-Proven\u00e7al.[2][3][4] However, other definitions are far broader and variously encompass the Occitan or Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic[5][6] or Rhaeto-Romance languages.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Occitano-Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Occitano-Romance (Catalan: lleng\u00fces occitanorom\u00e0niques; Occitan: lengas occitanoromanicas; Aragonese: luengas occitanoromanicas) is a branch of the Romance language group that encompasses the Catalan/Valencian, Occitan languages and sometimes Aragonese, spoken in parts of southern France and northeastern Spain.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Catalan
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Catalan (catal\u00e0) is a Western Romance language and is the official language of Andorra,[2] and the official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian (valenci\u00e0). It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero,[3] and it is spoken in the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Pa\u00efsos Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Iberian Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance[1] or sometimes Iberian languages[note 1] are a group of Romance languages that developed on the Iberian Peninsula, an area consisting primarily of Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, Andorra and French Catalonia. They are today more commonly separated into West Iberian, East Iberian (Catalan/Valencian) and Mozarabic language groups. East Iberian's classification is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate, as some argue that the Occitano-Romance languages composed of Occitan along with the aforementioned two are better classified as Gallo-Romance languages. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item West Iberian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "West Iberian is a branch of the Ibero-Romance languages that includes the Castilian languages (Spanish, Judaeo-Spanish), Astur-Leonese (Asturian, Leonese, Mirandese, Extremaduran (sometimes), Cantabrian),[1][2] Navarro-Aragonese and the descendants of Galician-Portuguese. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Iberian_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Galician–Portuguese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Galician\u2013Portuguese (Galician: galego-portugu\u00e9s or galaico-portugu\u00e9s; Portuguese: galego-portugu\u00eas or galaico-portugu\u00eas), also known as Old Galician\u2013Portuguese, Galaic-Portuguese,[2][3] or (in contexts focused on one of the modern languages) Old Galician, Old Portuguese, Medieval Galician or Medieval Portuguese, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. It is both the ancestor language and historical period of development of modern Galician, Fala, and Portuguese languages which maintain high degree of mutual intelligibility. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician%E2%80%93Portuguese", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Portuguese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Portuguese (endonym: portugu\u00eas or l\u00edngua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe,[9] and has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau. Portuguese-speaking people or nations are known as Lusophone (lus\u00f3fono). As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese speakers is also found around the world. Portuguese is part of the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal, and has kept some Celtic phonology.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Castilian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1]]

item Spanish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Spanish (espa\u00f1ol) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Today, it is a global language with 483 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain, and about 558 million speakers total, including second-language speakers.[1] Spanish is the official language of 20 countries, as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.[4][5] Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese;[6][7] the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language. The country with the largest population of native speakers is Mexico.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]]

item Oïl
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The langues d'o\u00efl[note 1] are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands. They belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland, southern France, portions of northern Italy, the Val d'Aran in Spain, and under certain acceptations those of Catalonia. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2]]

item Francien zone
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Francien zone (zone francienne)\n\n    Standard French\n\nNon-standard varieties:\n\n    Orl\u00e9anais\n    Tourangeau [fr], not to be confused with the French language in Touraine [fr]\n    Berrichon\n    Bourbonnais\n    Western Champenois (or Eastern Francien)", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl#Francien_zone_(zone_francienne)", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0]]

item French
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "French (fran\u00e7ais [f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b] \u24d8 or langue fran\u00e7aise [l\u0251\u0303\u0261 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z] \u24d8) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, it descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. French evolved from Northern Old Gallo-Romance, a descendant of the Latin spoken in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'o\u00efl\u2014languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) largely supplanted. It was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul and by the Germanic Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 16th century onward, it was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, and numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole, were established. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French.\n\n", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0]]

item Italo-Dalmatian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages spoken in Italy, Corsica (France), and formerly in Dalmatia (Croatia). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item Italo-Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City and western Istria (in Slovenia and Croatia). It used to have official status in Albania, Malta and Monaco, where it is still widely spoken, as well as in former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa regions where it plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. The Italian language was initially and primarily based on Florentine: it has been then deeply influenced by almost all regional languages of Italy while its received pronunciation (known as Pronuncia Fiorentina Emendata, Amended Florentine Pronunciation) is based on the accent of the Roman dialect; these are the reasons why Italian differs significantly from Tuscan and its Florentine variety.[8]", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages#Italo-Romance", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Italian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Italian (italiano, pronounced [ita\u02c8lja\u02d0no] \u24d8, or lingua italiana, pronounced [\u02c8li\u014b\u0261wa ita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It evolved from the colloquial Latin of the Roman Empire.[6] Italian is the least divergent language from Latin, together with Sardinian.[7] It is spoken by about 68 million people, including 64 million native speakers as of 2024.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Eastern Romance
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Eastern Romance languages[1] are a group of Romance languages. The group comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Romance_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1]]

item Romanian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; endonym: limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 [\u02c8limba ro\u02c8m\u0268n\u0259] \u24d8, or rom\u00e2ne\u0219te [rom\u0268\u02c8ne\u0283te], lit.\u2009'in Romanian') is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova. Romanian is part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries.[12] To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian. It is also spoken as a minority language by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania (Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine), and by the large Romanian diaspora. In total, it is spoken by 25 million people as a first language.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Graeco-Phrygian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Graeco-Phrygian (/\u02cc\u0261ri\u02d0ko\u028a\u02c8fr\u026ad\u0292i\u0259n/) is a proposed subgroup of the Indo-European language family which comprises the Hellenic and Phrygian languages. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeco-Phrygian", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 4]]

item Hellenic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Hellenic is the branch of the Indo-European language family whose principal member is Greek.[2] In most classifications, Hellenic consists of Greek alone,[3][4] but some linguists use the term Hellenic to refer to a group consisting of Greek proper and other varieties thought to be related but different enough to be separate languages, either among ancient neighboring languages[5] or among modern varieties of Greek.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 4, 0]]

item Greek
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Greek (Modern Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, romanized: Ellinik\u00e1, [elini\u02c8ka] \u24d8; Ancient Greek: \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, romanized: Hell\u0113nik\u1e17, Ancient Greek pronunciation: [hel\u02d0\u025b\u02d0nik\u025b\u0301\u02d0]) is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records.[10] Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years;[11][12] previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [2, 4, 0, 0]]

item Semitic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They include Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya, Aramaic, Hebrew, Maltese, Modern South Arabian languages and numerous other ancient and modern languages. They are spoken by more than 330 million people across much of West Asia, North Africa,[a] the Horn of Africa,[b][c] Malta,[d] and in large immigrant and expatriate communities in North America, Europe, and Australasia. The terminology was first used in the 1780s by members of the G\u00f6ttingen school of history, who derived the name from Shem, one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3]]

item West Semitic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of Semitic languages. The term was first coined in 1883 by Fritz Hommel.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Semitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0]]

item Central Semitic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Central Semitic languages are one of the three groups of West Semitic languages, alongside Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Semitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0]]

item Arabic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Arabic (endonym: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f, romanized: al-\u02bfarabiyyah, pronounced [al \u0295ara\u02c8bij\u02d0a] \u24d8, or \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651, \u02bfarab\u012by, pronounced [\u02c8\u0295arabi\u02d0] \u24d8 or [\u0295ara\u02c8bij]) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.[13] The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic,[14] which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-\u02bfarabiyyatu l-fu\u1e63\u1e25\u0101 (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670[15] \"the eloquent Arabic\") or simply al-fu\u1e63\u1e25\u0101 (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 0]]

item Maghrebi Arabic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Maghrebi Arabic,[a] often known as ad-D\u0101rija[b][c][2] to differentiate it from Literary Arabic,[3] is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb. It includes the Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Libyan, Hassaniya and Saharan Arabic dialects. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Maltese
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Maltese (Maltese: Malti, also L-Ilsien Malti or Lingwa Maltija) is a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic with Romance superstrata. It is the only Semitic language predominantly written in the Latin script. It is spoken by the Maltese people and is the national language of Malta, and is the only official Semitic and Afroasiatic language of the European Union.[2] According to John L. Hayes, it descended from a North African dialect of Colloquial Arabic which was introduced to Malta when the Aghlabids captured it in 869/870 CE.[3] It is also said to have descended from Siculo-Arabic, which developed as a Maghrebi Arabic dialect in the Emirate of Sicily between 831 and 1091.[4] As a result of the Norman invasion of Malta and the subsequent re-Christianization of the islands, Maltese evolved independently of Classical Arabic in a gradual process of Latinisation.[5][6] It is therefore exceptional as a variety of historical Arabic that has no diglossic relationship with Classical or Modern Standard Arabic.[7] Maltese is thus classified separately from the 30 varieties constituting the modern Arabic macrolanguage. Maltese is also distinguished from Arabic and other Semitic languages since its morphology has been deeply influenced by Romance languages, namely Italian and Sicilian.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Northwest Semitic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising the indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early Bronze Age. It is first attested in proper names identified as Amorite in the Middle Bronze Age. The oldest coherent texts are in Ugaritic, dating to the Late Bronze Age, which by the time of the Bronze Age collapse are joined by Old Aramaic, and by the Iron Age by Sutean and the Canaanite languages (Hebrew, Phoenician/Punic, Edomite and Moabite).", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Semitic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 1]]

item Canaanite
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Canaanite languages, sometimes referred to as Canaanite dialects,[1] are one of four subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages. The others are Aramaic and the now-extinct Ugaritic and Amorite language. These closely related languages originated in the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples spoke them in an area encompassing what is today Israel, Palestine, Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula, Lebanon, Syria, as well as some areas of southwestern Turkey, Iraq, and the northwestern corner of Saudi Arabia. From the 9th century BCE, they also spread to the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa in the form of Phoenician. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item South Canaanite
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "\u2022  Ammonite \u2013 an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Ammonite people mentioned in the Bible. The main sources are the Amman Citadel Inscription and Tel Siran inscription.\n\u2022  Edomite \u2013 an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Edomite people mentioned in the Bible and Egyptian texts.\n\u2022  Hebrew \u2013 the only Canaanite language that is a living language, and the most successful example of a revived dead language.[7]\n\u2022  Moabite \u2013 an extinct Canaanite dialect of the Moabite people mentioned in the Bible. The main sources are the Mesha Stele and El-Kerak Stela.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_languages#South_Canaan", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Hebrew
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Hebrew (Hebrew alphabet: \u05e2\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u200e, \u02bf\u012avr\u012bt, pronounced [\u0294iv\u02c8\u0281it] \u24d8 or [\u0295iv\u02c8rit] \u24d8; Samaritan script: \u080f\u0828\u0801\u082c\u0813\u082a\u0809\u0815\u200e \u02bf\u00cebrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism.[15] The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Modern Hebrew
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Modern Hebrew (endonym: \u05e2\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea \u05d7\u05b2\u05d3\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d4, romanized: 'Ivrit \u1e25adasha, IPA: [iv\u02c8\u0281it \u03c7ada\u02c8\u0283a] or [\u0295iv\u02c8rit \u0127ada\u02c8\u0283a]), also known as Israeli Hebrew or simply Hebrew, is the standard form of the Hebrew language spoken today. It is the only surviving Canaanite language, as well as one of the oldest languages still spoken as a native language, on account of Hebrew being attested since the 2nd millennium BC.[7][8] It uses the Hebrew Alphabet, an abjad script written from right-to-left. The current standard was codified as part of the revival of Hebrew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and now serves as the sole official and national language of the State of Israel,[9] where it is predominantly spoken by over 9 million people. Thus, Modern Hebrew is near universally regarded as the most successful instance of language revitalization in history.[10][11] ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Hebrew", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Turkic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35[2] documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken,[3] from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium.[4] They are characterized as a dialect continuum.[5]", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [4]]

item Oghuz
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen, which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oghuz_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [4, 0]]

item Turkish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Turkish (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e [\u02c8ty\u027ect\u0283e], T\u00fcrk dili, also known as T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi 'Turkish of Turkey'[15]) is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia,[16] Greece,[17] other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraq, and Syria. Turkish is the 18th-most spoken language in the world. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [4, 0, 0]]

item Uralic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Uralic languages (/j\u028a\u0259\u02c8r\u00e6l\u026ak/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/j\u028a\u0259\u02c8re\u026ali\u0259n/ yoor-AY-lee-\u0259n),[3] are spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian. Other languages with speakers above 100,000 are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt and Komi spoken in the European parts of the Russian Federation. Still smaller minority languages are S\u00e1mi languages of the northern Fennoscandia; other members of the Finnic languages, ranging from Livonian in northern Latvia to Karelian in northwesternmost Russia; the Samoyedic languages and the others of members of the Ugric languages, Mansi and Khanty spoken in Western Siberia. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5]]

item Ugric
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Ugric or Ugrian languages (/\u02c8ju\u02d0\u0261r\u026ak, \u02c8u\u02d0-/[1] or /\u02c8ju\u02d0\u0261ri\u0259n, \u02c8u\u02d0-/[2]) are a branch of the Uralic language family. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugric_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5, 0]]

item Hungarian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Hungarian, or Magyar (magyar nyelv, pronounced [\u02c8m\u0252\u025f\u0252r \u02c8\u0272\u025blv] \u24d8), is an Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Transcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria (Burgenland). ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5, 0, 0]]

item Finnic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages[a] constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples. There are around 7 million speakers, who live mainly in Finland and Estonia. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnic_languages", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5, 1]]

item Estonian
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Estonian (eesti keel [\u02c8e\u02d0s\u02b2ti \u02c8ke\u02d0l] \u24d8) is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 elsewhere.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5, 1, 0]]

item Finnish
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Finnish (endonym: suomi [\u02c8suo\u032fmi] \u24d8 or suomen kieli [\u02c8suo\u032fme\u014b \u02c8kie\u032fli]) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish. In Sweden, both Finnish and Me\u00e4nkieli (which has significant mutual intelligibility with Finnish[5]) are official minority languages. Kven, which like Me\u00e4nkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in the Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark by a minority of Finnish descent. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[], [5, 1, 1]]

item Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Europe is a continent[t] located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia.[9][10] Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus Strait.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0], []]

item Northern Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54\u00b0N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europe", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0], []]

item Denmark
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 43.094, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 5.982117, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Denmark[a] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,[N 7] also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean.[11] Metropolitan Denmark,[N 8] also called \"continental Denmark\" or \"Denmark proper\",[12] consists of the northern Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands.[13] It is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying southwest of Sweden, south of Norway, and north of Germany, with which it shares a short border. Denmark proper is situated between the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the east.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 0], [2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Estonia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 45.335, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 1.373101, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Estonia,[b] officially the Republic of Estonia,[c] is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.[d] It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea,[12] covering a total area of 45,335 square kilometres (17,504 sq mi). Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the majority of its population of c.\u20091.4 million.[14] Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 1], [5, 1, 0, 0]]

item Finland
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 338.145, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 5.603851, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish; 84.9 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 2], [5, 1, 1, 0]]

item Iceland
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 103.125, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.389444, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Iceland[e] is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the region's westernmost and most sparsely populated country.[12] Its capital and largest city is Reykjav\u00edk, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents (excluding nearby towns/suburbs, which are separate municipalities). The official language of the country is Icelandic. Iceland is on a rift between tectonic plates, and its geologic activity includes geysers and frequent volcanic eruptions.[13][14] The interior consists of a volcanic plateau with sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite being a latitude just south of the Arctic Circle. Its latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 3], [2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item Latvia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 64.589, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 1.842226, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Latvia,[a] officially the Republic of Latvia,[b][14] is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi), with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a temperate seasonal climate.[15] Its capital and largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 63.0% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian. Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian as their native tongue.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 4], [2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]]

item Norway
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 385.207, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 5.59434, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Norway,[a] officially the Kingdom of Norway,[b] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of Norway.[note 5] Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency, and not a part of the Kingdom; Norway also claims the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. Norway has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Oslo. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 5], [2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0]]

item Sweden
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 450.295, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 10.58823, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Sweden,[f] formally the Kingdom of Sweden,[g][h] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi),[4] Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million, and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi); 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas.[10] They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55\u00b0N to 69\u00b0N. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 0, 6], [2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]]

item Central Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.[3][4] Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity;[5][6] however, countries in this region also share historical and cultural similarities.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 1], []]

item Germany
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 357.596, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 83.555478, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Germany,[e] officially the Federal Republic of Germany,[f] is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total 1 population of over 82 million in an area of 357,596 km2 (138,069 sq mi), making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 1, 0], [2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]]

item Poland
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 312.696, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 38.036118, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Poland,[d] officially the Republic of Poland,[e] is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia[f] to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory is characterised by a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and temperate climate. Poland is composed of sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the fifth largest EU country by land area, covering a combined area of 312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Krak\u00f3w, Wroc\u0142aw, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Pozna\u0144, and Gda\u0144sk. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland", "type": "url"}}
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item Austria
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 83.879, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 9.027999, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, of which the capital Vienna is the most populous city and state. Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria", "type": "url"}}
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item Croatia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 56.561, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 3.861967, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Croatia,[d] officially the Republic of Croatia,[e] is a country in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Rijeka and Osijek. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia", "type": "url"}}
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item Czeck Republic
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 78.871, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 10.900555, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Czech Republic,[c][12] also known as Czechia,[d][13] and historically known as Bohemia,[14] is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast.[15] The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plze\u0148 and Liberec. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic", "type": "url"}}
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item Hungary
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 93.03, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 9.584627, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Hungary[a] is a landlocked country in Central Europe.[2] Spanning much of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary lies within the drainage basin of the Danube River and is dominated by great lowland plains. It has a population of 9.6 million, consisting mostly of ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian is the official language, and among the few in Europe outside the Indo-European family.[13] Budapest is the country's capital and largest city, and the dominant cultural and economic centre.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary", "type": "url"}}
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item Liechtenstein
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.1605, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.041232, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Liechtenstein (/\u02c8l\u026akt\u0259nsta\u026an/ \u24d8, LIK-t\u0259n-styne;[13] German: [\u02c8l\u026a\u00e7tn\u0329\u0283ta\u026an] \u24d8), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: F\u00fcrstentum Liechtenstein, [\u02c8f\u028f\u0281stn\u0329tu\u02d0m \u02c8l\u026a\u00e7tn\u0329\u02cc\u0283ta\u026a\u032fn] \u24d8),[14] is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east and north and Switzerland in the west and south.[15] Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarchy headed by the prince of Liechtenstein of the House of Liechtenstein, currently led by Hans-Adam II. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 40,023.[16] It is the world's smallest country to border two countries,[17] and is one of the few countries with no debt.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein", "type": "url"}}
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item Lithuania
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 65.3, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 2.89743, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Lithuania,[b] officially the Republic of Lithuania,[c] is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.[d] It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), with a population of 2.89 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities include Kaunas, Klaip\u0117da, \u0160iauliai and Panev\u0117\u017eys. Lithuanians who are the titular nation and form the majority of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of Balts and speak Lithuanian. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania", "type": "url"}}
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item Slovakia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 49.035, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 5.421272, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Slovakia,[a] officially the Slovak Republic,[b] is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's mostly mountainous territory spans about 49,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi), hosting a population exceeding 5.4 million. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, while the second largest city is Ko\u0161ice. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia", "type": "url"}}
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item Slovenia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 20.271, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 2.129052, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Slovenia,[a] officially the Republic of Slovenia,[b] is a country in Central Europe.[13][14] It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short coastline within the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, which is part of the Mediterranean Sea.[15] Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested,[16] covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi),[17] and has a population of approximately 2.1 million people.[18] Slovene is the official language.[19] Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate,[20] with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country.[21] Other larger urban centers are Maribor, Kranj, Celje and Koper. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia", "type": "url"}}
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item Switzerland
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 41.285, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 9.060598, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's nearly 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland", "type": "url"}}
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item Eastern Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountains, whilst its western boundary is defined in various ways.[1] Narrow definitions, in which Central and Southeast Europe are counted as separate regions, include the countries of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.[2] In contrast, broader definitions include Moldova and Romania, but also some or all of the Balkans, the Baltic states, the Caucasus, and the Visegr\u00e1d group.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe", "type": "url"}}
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item Belarus
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 207.595, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 9.155978, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Belarus,[b] officially the Republic of Belarus,[c] is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) with a population of 9.1 million. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into six regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus", "type": "url"}}
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item Ukraine
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 603.628, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 33.443, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Ukraine[a] is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast.[b] Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova[c] to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast.[d] Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine", "type": "url"}}
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item Russia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": null, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": null, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, and extends across eleven time zones; sharing land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and cultural centre. \n(Population and Area in the North Asia node)", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/russia", "type": "url"}}
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item Southeastern Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical sub-region of Europe, consisting primarily of the region of the Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos. There are overlapping and conflicting definitions of the region, due to political, economic, historical, cultural, and geographical considerations. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Europe", "type": "url"}}
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item Albania
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 28.748, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 2.402113, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Albania (/\u00e6l\u02c8be\u026ani\u0259, \u0254\u02d0l-/ \u24d8 a(w)l-BAY-nee-\u0259; Albanian: Shqip\u00ebri or Shqip\u00ebria),[a] officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb),[b] is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. With an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi), it has a varied range of climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions. Albania's landscapes range from rugged snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps and the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains, to fertile lowland plains extending from the Adriatic and Ionian seacoasts. Tirana is the capital and largest city in the country, followed by Durr\u00ebs, Vlor\u00eb, and Shkod\u00ebr. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania", "type": "url"}}
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item Bosnia and Herzegovina
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 51.209, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 3.434, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Bosnia and Herzegovina[a] (Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina, \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430; Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina, \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20-kilometre-long (12-mile) coast on the Adriatic Sea. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina", "type": "url"}}
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item Bulgaria
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 110.9936, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 6.445481, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Bulgaria,[a] officially the Republic of Bulgaria,[b] is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi) and is the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria", "type": "url"}}
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item Cyprus
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 9.251, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.923272, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Cyprus[f] (/\u02c8sa\u026apr\u0259s/ \u24d8), officially the Republic of Cyprus,[g] is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Although it is geographically located in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical make-up are overwhelmingly Southeast European. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.[9][10] It is located southeast of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, and north of Egypt. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. Cyprus hosts the British-controlled military bases Akrotiri and Dhekelia, whilst the northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is separated from the Republic of Cyprus by the United Nations Buffer Zone. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus", "type": "url"}}
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item Greece
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 131.957, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 10.40072, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country comprises nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of over 10 million. Athens is the nation's capital and its largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece", "type": "url"}}
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item Montenegro
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 13.883, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.623633, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Montenegro[b] is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.[10] Its 25 municipalities have a total population of 633,158 people in an area of 13,883 km2 (5,360 sq mi). It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.[11] The capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is the Old Royal Capital and cultural centre.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro", "type": "url"}}
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item Moldova
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 33.843, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 2.4233, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Moldova,[officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, on the northeastern corner of the Balkans. The country spans a total of 33,483 km2 (12,928 sq mi) and has a population of approximately 2.42 million as of January 2024. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova is a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic with its capital in Chi\u0219in\u0103u, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova", "type": "url"}}
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item North Macedonia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 25.436, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 1.836713, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "North Macedonia (/\u02ccm\u00e6s\u026a\u02c8do\u028ani\u0259/ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-\u0259),[c] officially the Republic of North Macedonia,[d] is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo[e] to the northwest and Serbia to the north.[8] It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's population of 1.83 million. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks, Roma, Serbs, Bosniaks, Aromanians and a few other minorities. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia", "type": "url"}}
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item Romania
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 238.397, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 19.064409, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Romania[a] is a country at the confluence of Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Bucharest is the country's largest urban area and financial centre. Other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timi\u0219oara, Ia\u0219i, Constan\u021ba and Bra\u0219ov. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania", "type": "url"}}
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item Serbia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 88.499, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 6.605168, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Serbia,[c] officially the Republic of Serbia,[d] is a landlocked country in Southeast and Central Europe.[9][10] Located in the Balkans, it borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest. Serbia claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia has about 6.6 million inhabitants, excluding Kosovo. Its capital Belgrade is also the largest city. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia", "type": "url"}}
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item Western Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of \"the West\" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to \"the East\" and originally applied to the Western half of the ancient Mediterranean world, the Latin West of the Roman Empire, and \"Western Christendom\". Beginning with the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, roughly from the 15th century, the concept of Europe as \"the West\" slowly became distinguished from and eventually replaced the dominant use of \"Christendom\" as the preferred endonym within the area.[1] By the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the concepts of \"Eastern Europe\" and \"Western Europe\" were more regularly used.[2] The distinctiveness of Western Europe became most apparent during the Cold War, when Europe was divided for 40 years by the Iron Curtain into the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, each characterised by distinct political and economical systems.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Europe", "type": "url"}}
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item France
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 632.7023, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 68.605616, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north, Germany to the northeast, Switzerland to the east, Italy and Monaco to the southeast, Andorra and Spain to the south, and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its eighteen integral regions\u2014five of which are overseas\u2014span a combined area of 632,702 km2 (244,288 sq mi) and have an estimated total population of over 68.6 million as of January 2025. France is a semi-presidential republic and its capital, largest city and main cultural and economic centre is Paris. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/France", "type": "url"}}
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item United Kingdom
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 244.376, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 68.265209, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering 94,354 square miles (244,376 km2). Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, and the Irish Sea. The UK maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The United Kingdom had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom is London. The cities of Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom", "type": "url"}}
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item Belgium
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 30.689, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 11.812354, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west. Belgium covers an area of 30,689 km2 (11,849 sq mi)[4] and has a population of more than 11.7 million; its population density of 383/km2 (990/sq mi) ranks 22nd in the world and sixth in Europe. The capital and largest metropolitan region is Brussels;[d] other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Li\u00e8ge, Bruges, Namur, and Leuven. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 4, 2], [2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0]]

item Monaco
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.000208, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 3.8367e-05, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Monaco,[a] officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is a semi-enclave bordered by France to the north, east and west. The principality is home to nearly 39,000 residents as of the 2020s, of whom about 9,500 are Mon\u00e9gasque nationals. It is recognised as one of the wealthiest and most expensive places in the world. The official language of Monaco is French. Mon\u00e9gasque, English and Italian are also spoken and understood by many residents.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 4, 3], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2]]

item Netherlands
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 41.865, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 18.3093, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 4, 4], [2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1]]

item Ireland
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 70.273, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 5.3803, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Ireland (Irish: \u00c9ire [\u02c8e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2\u0259] \u24d8), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na h\u00c9ireann), is a country in Northwestern Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million.[4] Its capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island, with a population of over 1.5 million.[4] The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south-east and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic.[9] The legislature, the Oireachtas, consists of a lower house, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann; an upper house, Seanad \u00c9ireann; and an elected president (Uachtar\u00e1n) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the Taoiseach (prime minister, lit.\u2009'chief'), elected by the D\u00e1il and appointed by the president, who appoints other government ministers. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland", "type": "url"}}
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item Luxembourg
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 2.5864, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.67205, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Luxembourg, officially named the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg City, is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union and hosts several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority in the EU.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg", "type": "url"}}
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item Southern Europe
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Southern Europe[1] is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of southern Europe include some or all of these countries and regions: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,[note 1] Croatia, Cyprus,[note 2] Gibraltar,[note 3] Greece,[note 4] Italy,[note 5] Malta,[note 6] Monaco,[note 7] Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, southern France,[note 8] Spain, Turkey,[note 9] and Vatican City.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/", "type": "url"}}
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item Andorra
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.46763, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.080856, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Western Europe, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is currently headed by two co-princes: the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain, and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra", "type": "url"}}
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item Gibraltar
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.0068, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.034003, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Gibraltar (/d\u0292\u026a\u02c8br\u0254\u02d0lt\u0259r/ \u24d8 jib-RAWL-t\u0259r, Spanish: [xi\u03b2\u027eal\u02c8ta\u027e]) is a British Overseas Territory[a] and city[6] located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean (Strait of Gibraltar). It has an area of 6.8 km2 (2.6 sq mi)[3] and is bordered to the north by Spain (Campo de Gibraltar). The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area. Gibraltar is home to some 34,003 people, primarily Gibraltarians.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar", "type": "url"}}
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item Italy
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 301.34, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 58.947905, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia.[15] Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 60 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome; other major urban areas include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[0, 5, 2], [2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]]

item Portugal
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 92.23, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 10.639726, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it shares the longest uninterrupted border in the European Union; to the south and the west is the North Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and southwest lie the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, which are the two autonomous regions of Portugal. Lisbon is the capital and largest city, followed by Porto, which is the only other metropolitan area. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal", "type": "url"}}
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item Malta
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.316, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.519562, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Malta (/\u02c8m\u0252lt\u0259/ \u24d8 MOL-t\u0259, /\u02c8m\u0254\u02d0lt\u0259/ MAWL-t\u0259, Maltese: [\u02c8m\u0250\u02d0lt\u0250]), officially the Republic of Malta,[14] is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily and North Africa. It consists of an archipelago 80 km (50 mi) south of Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia, and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya. The two official languages are Maltese and English. The country's capital is Valletta, which is the smallest capital city in the EU by both area and population. It was also the first World Heritage City in Europe to become a European Capital of Culture in 2018.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta", "type": "url"}}
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item San Marino
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.061, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.034042, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "San Marino (/\u02ccs\u00e6n m\u0259\u02c8ri\u02d0no\u028a/ \u24d8 SAN m\u0259-REE-noh, Italian: [sam ma\u02c8ri\u02d0no]; Romagnol: San Mar\u00e9in or San Maroin), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), is the oldest existing representative republic and the European state with the smallest population, excluding Vatican City. It is the larger of the two microstates surrounded by Italy.[9] Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, it is the fifth-smallest country in the world,[10] with a land area of just over 61 km2 (23+1\u20442 sq mi) and a population of 34,042, as of 2025. It is a member of the Council of Europe, uses the euro as its official currency, but is not a member of the European Union. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino", "type": "url"}}
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item Spain
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 505.99, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 49.077984, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Spain, also the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in southwestern Europe with territories in North Africa.[h] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, M\u00e1laga, Murcia, and Palma de Mallorca. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain", "type": "url"}}
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item Vatican City
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0.0005, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0.000882, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked country,[18][19] city-state, microstate, and enclave surrounded by, and historically a part of, Rome, Italy. It became independent from Italy in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty, and is a distinct territory under \"full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction\" of the Holy See, which is itself a sovereign entity under international law, maintaining the city-state's temporal power, governance, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The Vatican is also a metonym for the pope, the Holy See, and the Roman Curia.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City", "type": "url"}}
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item Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Asia (/\u02c8e\u026a\u0292\u0259/ \u24d8 AY-zh\u0259, UK also /\u02c8e\u026a\u0283\u0259/ AY-sh\u0259) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilisations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1], []]

item Central Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/central_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 0], []]

item East Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/east_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 1], []]

item China
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 9596.961, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 1408.28, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "China,[i] officially the People's Republic of China (PRC),[j] is a country in East Asia. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land[k] across an area of nearly 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), making it the second-largest country by land area.[l] The country is divided into 33 province-level divisions: 22 provinces,[m] 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/china", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Japan
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 377.975, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 123.44, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Japan[a] is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands\u2014Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu\u2014and thousands of smaller islands, covering 377,975 square kilometers (145,937 sq mi). Japan has a population of over 123 million as of 2025, making it the eleventh-most populous country. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 1, 1], []]

item North Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/north_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 2], []]

item Russia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 17098.246, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 143.569049, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, and extends across eleven time zones; sharing land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and cultural centre. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/russia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 2, 0], [2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

item South Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/south_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 3], []]

item Souteast Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/southeast_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 4], []]

item West Asia
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/west_asia", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 5], []]

item Israel
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 22.072, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 10.0098, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. Situated in the Southern Levant of the Middle East, it shares borders with Lebanon and Syria to the north, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the southwest, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. It occupies the Palestinian territories of the West Bank in the east and the Gaza Strip in the southwest. Israel also has a small coastline on the Red Sea at its southernmost point, and part of the Dead Sea lies along its eastern border. Its proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, while Tel Aviv is the country's largest urban area and economic center. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/israel", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 5, 0], [3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

item Turkey
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 783.562, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 85.664944, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Turkey, officially the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include \u0130zmir, Bursa, and Antalya. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/turkey", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[1, 5, 1], [4, 0, 0, 0]]

item America
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "The Americas, sometimes collectively called America,[3][4][5] are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.[6][7][8] When viewed as a single continent, the Americas or America is the 2nd largest continent by area after Asia, and is the 3rd largest continent by population. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World.", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[2], []]

item North America
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Northern America is the northernmost subregion of North America, as well as the northernmost region in the Americas. The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America.[2] Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the Mexico\u2013United States border. Geopolitically, according to the United Nations' scheme of geographical regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and the United States (the contiguous United States and Alaska only, excluding Hawaii, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and other minor U.S. Pacific territories).", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[2, 0], []]

item Central America
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "Central America[h] is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually defined as consisting of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Within Central America is the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from southern Mexico to southeastern Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[2, 1], []]

item South (Latin) America
    fields {"2 area": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "1 population": {"content": 0, "type": "integer"}, "3 information": {"content": "South America is a continent[g] entirely in the Western Hemisphere[h] and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern subregion of the Americas.\n\nSouth America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Drake Passage; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. ", "type": "longtext"}, "wikipedia": {"content": "https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/", "type": "url"}}
    trees [[2, 2], []]

