# Copyright 2025 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Create LM TF examples for XLNet."""

import dataclasses
import json
import math
import os

import random
from typing import Iterable, Mapping, List, Optional, Tuple
import unicodedata

from absl import app
from absl import flags
from absl import logging

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf, tf_keras

from official.nlp.tools import tokenization

special_symbols = {
    "<unk>": 0,
    "<s>": 1,
    "</s>": 2,
    "<cls>": 3,
    "<sep>": 4,
    "<pad>": 5,
    "<mask>": 6,
    "<eod>": 7,
    "<eop>": 8,
}

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

flags.DEFINE_integer("seq_length", 512,
                     help="Sequence length.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("reuse_length", 256,
                     help="Number of token that can be reused as memory. "
                     "Could be half of `seq_len`.")
flags.DEFINE_string("input_file", None,
                    "Input raw text file (or comma-separated list of files).")
flags.DEFINE_string(
    "save_dir", None,
    "Directory for saving processed data.")
flags.DEFINE_string("sp_model_file", "",
                    "The path to the model used by sentence piece tokenizer.")
flags.DEFINE_bool("use_eod_token", True,
                  "Whether or not to include EOD tokens.")
flags.DEFINE_bool("bi_data", True, "Whether or not to use bi-directional data.")
flags.DEFINE_bool(
    "do_lower_case", True,
    "Whether to lower case the input text. Should be True for uncased "
    "models and False for cased models.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("per_host_batch_size", 32, "Batch size per host.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("num_cores_per_host", 16,
                     "The number of (TPU) cores per host.")
flags.DEFINE_string("prefix", "", "Filename prefix.")
flags.DEFINE_string("suffix", "", "Filename suffix.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("task_id", None,
                     "The id of the current task.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("num_tasks", None,
                     "The total number of tasks.")
flags.DEFINE_integer("num_passes", 1, "The number of times to run the script.")


@dataclasses.dataclass
class TrainingInstance:
  """Representation of a single XLNet Pretraining instance."""
  data: Iterable[int]
  segment_ids: Iterable[int]
  boundary_indices: Iterable[int]
  label: int

  def to_feature(self) -> Mapping[str, tf.train.Feature]:
    feat = lambda x: tf.train.Feature(int64_list=tf.train.Int64List(value=x))
    return dict(
        input_word_ids=feat(self.data),
        input_type_ids=feat(self.segment_ids),
        boundary_indices=feat(self.boundary_indices),
        label=feat([self.label]))

  def to_example(self) -> tf.train.Example:
    return tf.train.Example(
        features=tf.train.Features(feature=self.to_feature()))

  def __str__(self):
    def seq_to_str(seq):
      return " ".join([str(x) for x in seq])

    s = ""
    s += "tokens: %s\n" % seq_to_str(self.data)
    s += "segment_ids: %s\n" % seq_to_str(self.segment_ids)
    s += "boundary_indices: %s\n" % seq_to_str(self.boundary_indices)
    s += "label: %s\n" % self.label
    s += "\n"
    return s

  def __repr__(self):
    return self.__str__()


def _preprocess_line(line: str, do_lower_case: bool = False) -> str:
  """Preprocesses an individual raw text line.

  This function will:
    - Remove extraneous spaces.
    - Replace `` with ", and '' with ".
    - Replaces accents.
    - Applies lower casing.

  Args:
    line: The input line to preprocess.
    do_lower_case: Whether or not to lower case the text.

  Returns:
    The preprocessed line.

  """
  line = " ".join(line.split())
  line = line.replace("``", "\"").replace("''", "\"")

  # Replace accents.
  line = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", line)
  line = "".join([c for c in line if not unicodedata.combining(c)])

  if do_lower_case:
    line = line.lower()
  return line


def preprocess_and_tokenize_input_files(
    input_files: Iterable[str],
    tokenizer: tokenization.FullSentencePieceTokenizer,
    use_eod: bool = True,
    do_lower_case: bool = False,
    log_example_freq: int = 100000) -> List[Tuple[np.array, np.array]]:
  """Preprocesses and encodes raw text from input files.

  This function preprocesses raw text and encodes them into tokens using a
  `SentencePieceModel` tokenization method. This also provides the sentence
  indicator for each token.

  Args:
    input_files: The list of input file names.
    tokenizer: The SentencePiece tokenizer that has the attribute `sp_model`.
    use_eod: Whether or not to use an EOD indicator. If `False`, then EOD is
      not included.
    do_lower_case: Whether or not to apply lower casing during raw text
      preprocessing.
    log_example_freq: The optional field for how many lines to process before
      emitting an info log.

  Returns:
    The preprocessed list. Each entry in the list is a tuple consisting of
    the token IDs and the sentence IDs.

  """
  all_data = []
  eod_symbol = special_symbols["<eod>"]

  total_number_of_lines = 0

  # Input file format:
  # (1) One sentence per line. These should ideally be actual sentences, not
  # entire paragraphs or arbitrary spans of text. (Because we use the
  # sentence boundaries for the "next sentence prediction" task).
  # (2) Blank lines between documents. Document boundaries are needed so
  # that the "next sentence prediction" task doesn't span between documents.
  for input_file in input_files:
    line_count = 0
    logging.info("Preprocessing %s", input_file)

    all_tokens = []
    all_sentence_ids = []

    sentence_id = True

    with tf.io.gfile.GFile(input_file, "rb") as reader:
      while True:
        line = tokenization.convert_to_unicode(reader.readline())
        if not line:
          break

        line_count += 1
        if line_count % log_example_freq == 0:
          logging.info("Loading line %d", line_count)

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:
          if use_eod:
            token_ids = [eod_symbol]
            sentence_id = not sentence_id
          else:
            continue
        else:
          preprocessed_line = _preprocess_line(
              line=line, do_lower_case=do_lower_case)
          token_ids = tokenization.encode_ids(
              sp_model=tokenizer.sp_model, text=preprocessed_line)

        all_tokens.extend(token_ids)
        all_sentence_ids.extend([sentence_id] * len(token_ids))
        sentence_id = not sentence_id
      logging.info("Finished processing %s. Number of lines: %d",
                   input_file, line_count)
      if line_count == 0:
        continue
      total_number_of_lines += line_count
      all_tokens = np.array(all_tokens, dtype=np.int64)
      all_sentence_ids = np.array(all_sentence_ids, dtype=bool)
      all_data.append((all_tokens, all_sentence_ids))

  logging.info("Completed text preprocessing. Total number of lines: %d",
               total_number_of_lines)
  return all_data


def _reshape_to_batch_dimensions(
    tokens: np.array,
    sentence_ids: np.array,
    per_host_batch_size: int) -> Tuple[np.array, np.array]:
  """Truncates and reshapes input data with a batch major dimension.

  Args:
    tokens: The input token ids. This should have the same shape as
      `sentence_ids`.
    sentence_ids: The input sentence ids. This should have the same shape as
      `token_ids`.
    per_host_batch_size: The target per-host batch size.

  Returns:
    The tuple of reshaped tokens and sentence_ids.
  """
  num_steps = len(tokens) // per_host_batch_size
  truncated_data_length = num_steps * per_host_batch_size

  logging.info("per_host_batch_size: %d", per_host_batch_size)
  logging.info("num_steps: %d", num_steps)
  def truncate_and_reshape(a):
    return a[:truncated_data_length].reshape((per_host_batch_size, num_steps))

  return (truncate_and_reshape(tokens), truncate_and_reshape(sentence_ids))


def _create_a_and_b_segments(
    tokens: np.array,
    sentence_ids: np.array,
    begin_index: int,
    total_length: int,
    no_cut_probability: float = 0.5):
  """Splits segments A and B from a single instance of tokens and sentence ids.

  Args:
    tokens: The 1D input token ids. This represents an individual entry within a
      batch.
    sentence_ids: The 1D input sentence ids. This represents an individual entry
      within a batch. This should be the same length as `tokens`.
    begin_index: The reference beginning index to split data.
    total_length: The target combined length of segments A and B.
    no_cut_probability: The probability of not cutting a segment despite
      a cut possibly existing.

  Returns:
    A tuple consisting of A data, B data, and label.

  """
  data_length = tokens.shape[0]
  if begin_index + total_length >= data_length:
    logging.info("[_create_segments]: begin_index %d + total_length %d >= "
                 "data_length %d", begin_index, total_length, data_length)
    return None

  end_index = begin_index + 1
  cut_indices = []

  # Identify all indices where sentence IDs change from one to the next.
  while end_index < data_length:
    if sentence_ids[end_index] != sentence_ids[end_index - 1]:
      if end_index - begin_index >= total_length:
        break
      cut_indices.append(end_index)
    end_index += 1

  a_begin = begin_index

  if not cut_indices or random.random() < no_cut_probability:
    # Segments A and B are contained within the same sentence.
    label = 0
    if not cut_indices:
      a_end = end_index
    else:
      a_end = random.choice(cut_indices)
    b_length = max(1, total_length - (a_end - a_begin))
    b_begin = random.randint(0, data_length - 1 - b_length)
    b_end = b_begin + b_length

    while b_begin > 0 and sentence_ids[b_begin - 1] == sentence_ids[b_begin]:
      b_begin -= 1
    while (b_end < data_length - 1 and
           sentence_ids[b_end - 1] == sentence_ids[b_end]):
      b_end += 1
  else:
    # Segments A and B are different sentences.
    label = 1
    a_end = random.choice(cut_indices)
    b_begin = a_end
    b_end = end_index

  while a_end - a_begin + b_end - b_begin > total_length:
    if a_end - a_begin > b_end - b_begin:
      # Delete only the right side for the LM objective.
      a_end -= 1
    else:
      b_end -= 1
  if a_end >= data_length or b_end >= data_length:
    logging.info("[_create_segments]: a_end %d or b_end %d >= data_length %d",
                 a_end, b_end, data_length)
    return None

  a_data = tokens[a_begin: a_end]
  b_data = tokens[b_begin: b_end]
  return a_data, b_data, label


def _is_functional_piece(piece: str) -> bool:
  return piece != "<unk>" and piece.startswith("<") and piece.endswith(">")


def _is_start_piece(piece: str) -> bool:
  special_pieces = set(list('!"#$%&\"()*+,-./:;?@[\\]^_`{|}~'))
  if (piece.startswith("▁") or piece in special_pieces):
    return True
  else:
    return False


def _get_boundary_indices(
    data: np.array,
    tokenizer: tokenization.FullSentencePieceTokenizer) -> np.array:
  """Gets the boundary indices of whole words."""
  seq_length = len(data)
  boundary_indices = []
  for index, piece in enumerate(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(data.tolist())):
    if _is_start_piece(piece) and not _is_functional_piece(piece):
      boundary_indices.append(index)
  boundary_indices.append(seq_length)
  return boundary_indices


def _convert_tokens_to_instances(
    tokens: np.array,
    sentence_ids: np.array,
    per_host_batch_size: int,
    seq_length: int,
    reuse_length: int,
    bi_data: bool,
    tokenizer: tokenization.FullSentencePieceTokenizer,
    num_cores_per_host: int = 0,
    logging_frequency: int = 500) -> List[TrainingInstance]:
  """Converts tokens and sentence IDs into individual training instances.

  The format of data in the XLNet pretraining task is very similar to the
  BERT pretraining task. Two segments A and B are randomly sampled, and the
  contatenation of A and B into a single sequence is used to perform
  language modeling.

  To create an XLNet Pretraining instance from a single long sequence, S:
  - Create a segment of length `reuse_length`. This first segment represents
    past tokens. During modeling, this segment is used to cache obtained
    content representations for the segment recurrence mechanism.
  - Similar to BERT, create a segment of length `seq_length` - `reuse_length`
    composed of A and B segments.
    For XLNet, the order is "A", "SEP", "B", "SEP", "CLS".

  Args:
    tokens: All tokens concatenated into a single list.
    sentence_ids: All sentence IDs concatenated into a single list.
    per_host_batch_size: The target batch size per host.
    seq_length: The max sequence length.
    reuse_length: The number of tokens to use from the previous segment.
    bi_data: Whether or not to use bidirectional data.
    tokenizer: The SentencePiece tokenizer that has the attribute `sp_model`.
    num_cores_per_host: The number of cores per host. This is required if
      `bi_data` = `True`.
    logging_frequency: The frequency at which to log status updates.

  Returns:
    A list of `TrainingInstance` objects.
  """
  instances = []

  per_core_batch_size = (per_host_batch_size // num_cores_per_host
                         if bi_data else None)

  if bi_data:
    logging.info("Bi-directional data enabled.")
    assert per_host_batch_size % (2 * num_cores_per_host) == 0
    forward_tokens, forward_sentence_ids = _reshape_to_batch_dimensions(
        tokens=tokens,
        sentence_ids=sentence_ids,
        per_host_batch_size=per_host_batch_size // 2)
    forward_data_shape = (num_cores_per_host, 1, per_core_batch_size // 2, -1)

    forward_tokens = forward_tokens.reshape(forward_data_shape)
    forward_sentence_ids = forward_sentence_ids.reshape(forward_data_shape)

    backwards_tokens = forward_tokens[:, :, :, ::-1]
    backwards_sentence_ids = forward_sentence_ids[:, :, :, ::-1]

    tokens = np.concatenate([forward_tokens, backwards_tokens], 1).reshape(
        per_host_batch_size, -1)
    sentence_ids = np.concatenate(
        [forward_sentence_ids, backwards_sentence_ids]).reshape(
            per_host_batch_size, -1)
  else:
    logging.info("Bi-directional data disabled.")
    tokens, sentence_ids = _reshape_to_batch_dimensions(
        tokens=tokens,
        sentence_ids=sentence_ids,
        per_host_batch_size=per_host_batch_size)

  logging.info("Tokens shape: %s", tokens.shape)

  data_length = tokens.shape[1]
  sep = np.array([special_symbols["<sep>"]], dtype=np.int64)
  cls = np.array([special_symbols["<cls>"]], dtype=np.int64)
  # 2 sep, 1 cls
  num_special_tokens = 3

  data_index = 0
  batch_number = 0
  step_size = reuse_length if reuse_length else seq_length
  num_batches = math.ceil(data_length / step_size)

  while data_index + seq_length <= data_length:
    if batch_number % logging_frequency == 0:
      logging.info("Processing batch %d of %d", batch_number, num_batches)

    for batch_index in range(per_host_batch_size):
      previous_segment_tokens = tokens[
          batch_index, data_index: data_index + reuse_length]

      results = _create_a_and_b_segments(
          tokens=tokens[batch_index],
          sentence_ids=sentence_ids[batch_index],
          begin_index=data_index + reuse_length,
          total_length=seq_length - reuse_length - num_special_tokens)

      if results is None:
        logging.info("Stopping at data index: %d", data_index)
        break
      a_data, b_data, label = results

      data = np.concatenate(
          [previous_segment_tokens, a_data, sep, b_data, sep, cls])
      a_length = a_data.shape[0]
      b_length = b_data.shape[0]
      segment_ids = ([0] * (reuse_length + a_length) + [0]
                     + [1] * b_length + [1] + [2])
      boundary_indices = _get_boundary_indices(tokenizer=tokenizer,
                                               data=data)
      assert len(data) == seq_length
      assert len(segment_ids) == seq_length
      assert len(boundary_indices) > 0  # pylint: disable=g-explicit-length-test

      instances.append(TrainingInstance(
          data=data,
          segment_ids=segment_ids,
          boundary_indices=boundary_indices,
          label=label))
    batch_number += 1
    data_index += step_size
  return instances


def write_instances_to_tfrecord(
    instances: Iterable[TrainingInstance],
    save_path: str):
  """Writes instances to TFRecord."""
  record_writer = tf.io.TFRecordWriter(save_path)
  logging.info("Start writing to %s.", save_path)

  for i, instance in enumerate(instances):
    if i < 5:
      logging.info("Instance %d: %s", i, str(instance))
    record_writer.write(instance.to_example().SerializeToString())

  record_writer.close()
  logging.info("Done writing %s.", save_path)


def shuffle_and_combine_preprocessed_data(
    all_data: List[Tuple[np.array, np.array]]) -> Tuple[np.array, np.array]:
  """Shuffles and combines preprocessed token/sentence IDs from documents."""
  document_permutation = np.random.permutation(len(all_data))

  previous_sentence_id = None

  all_tokens, all_sentence_ids = [], []
  for document_index in document_permutation:
    tokens, sentence_ids = all_data[document_index]
    # pylint: disable=g-explicit-length-test
    if len(tokens) == 0:
      continue
    if (previous_sentence_id is not None and
        sentence_ids[0] == previous_sentence_id):
      sentence_ids = np.logical_not(sentence_ids)

    all_tokens.append(tokens)
    all_sentence_ids.append(sentence_ids)

    previous_sentence_id = sentence_ids[-1]

  return np.concatenate(all_tokens), np.concatenate(all_sentence_ids)


def get_tfrecord_name(
    per_host_batch_size: int,
    num_cores_per_host: int,
    seq_length: int,
    bi_data: bool,
    reuse_length: int,
    do_lower_case: bool,
    use_eod_token: bool,
    prefix: str = "",
    suffix: str = "",
    pass_id: int = 0,
    num_passes: int = 1,
    task_id: int = None,
    num_tasks: int = None) -> str:
  """Formats the resulting TFRecord name based on provided inputs."""
  components = []
  if prefix:
    components.append(prefix)
  components.append("seqlen-{}".format(seq_length))
  if reuse_length == 0:
    components.append("memless")
  else:
    components.append("reuse-{}".format(reuse_length))
  components.append("bs-{}".format(per_host_batch_size))
  components.append("cores-{}".format(num_cores_per_host))

  if do_lower_case:
    components.append("uncased")
  else:
    components.append("cased")
  if use_eod_token:
    components.append("eod")
  if bi_data:
    components.append("bi")
  else:
    components.append("uni")

  if suffix:
    components.append(suffix)

  s = "_".join(components) + ".tfrecord"
  if num_passes == 1 and task_id is None:
    return s

  if task_id is None:
    num_tasks = 1
    task_id = 0

  current_shard = task_id * num_passes + pass_id
  total_shards = num_tasks * num_passes
  return s + "-{}-of-{}".format(current_shard, total_shards)


def create_tfrecords(
    tokenizer: tokenization.FullSentencePieceTokenizer,
    input_file_or_files: str,
    use_eod_token: bool,
    do_lower_case: bool,
    per_host_batch_size: int,
    seq_length: int,
    reuse_length: int,
    bi_data: bool,
    num_cores_per_host: int,
    save_dir: str,
    prefix: str = "",
    suffix: str = "",
    num_tasks: Optional[int] = None,
    task_id: Optional[int] = None,
    num_passes: int = 1):
  """Runs the end-to-end preprocessing pipeline."""

  logging.info("Input configuration:")
  logging.info("input file(s): %s", input_file_or_files)
  logging.info("use_eod_token: %s", use_eod_token)
  logging.info("do_lower_case: %s", do_lower_case)
  logging.info("per_host_batch_size: %d", per_host_batch_size)
  logging.info("seq_length: %d", seq_length)
  logging.info("reuse_length: %d", reuse_length)
  logging.info("bi_data: %s", bi_data)
  logging.info("num_cores_per_host: %d", num_cores_per_host)
  logging.info("save_dir: %s", save_dir)
  if task_id is not None and num_tasks is not None:
    logging.info("task_id: %d", task_id)
    logging.info("num_tasks: %d", num_tasks)

  input_files = []
  for input_pattern in input_file_or_files.split(","):
    input_files.extend(tf.io.gfile.glob(input_pattern))

  logging.info("*** Reading from input files ***")
  for input_file in input_files:
    logging.info("  %s", input_file)

  logging.info("Shuffling the files with a fixed random seed.")
  np.random.shuffle(input_files)
  if num_tasks is not None:
    assert task_id is not None
    logging.info("Total number of input files: %d", len(input_files))
    logging.info("Splitting into %d shards of %d files each.",
                 num_tasks, len(input_files) // num_tasks)
    input_files = input_files[task_id::num_tasks]

  all_data = preprocess_and_tokenize_input_files(
      input_files=input_files,
      tokenizer=tokenizer,
      use_eod=use_eod_token,
      do_lower_case=do_lower_case)
  for pass_id in range(num_passes):
    logging.info("Beginning pass %d of %d", pass_id, num_passes)
    tokens, sentence_ids = shuffle_and_combine_preprocessed_data(all_data)

    assert len(tokens) == len(sentence_ids)

    filename = get_tfrecord_name(
        per_host_batch_size=per_host_batch_size,
        num_cores_per_host=num_cores_per_host,
        seq_length=seq_length,
        bi_data=bi_data,
        use_eod_token=use_eod_token,
        reuse_length=reuse_length,
        do_lower_case=do_lower_case,
        prefix=prefix,
        suffix=suffix,
        pass_id=pass_id,
        num_passes=num_passes,
        num_tasks=num_tasks,
        task_id=task_id)
    save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, filename)
    if os.path.exists(save_path):
      # If the path already exists, then we were probably preempted but
      # previously wrote this file.
      logging.info("%s already exists, skipping this batch.", save_path)
    else:
      instances = _convert_tokens_to_instances(
          tokenizer=tokenizer,
          tokens=tokens,
          sentence_ids=sentence_ids,
          per_host_batch_size=per_host_batch_size,
          seq_length=seq_length,
          reuse_length=reuse_length,
          bi_data=bi_data,
          num_cores_per_host=num_cores_per_host)
      write_instances_to_tfrecord(instances=instances, save_path=save_path)

  if task_id is None or task_id == 0:
    corpus_info = {
        "vocab_size": 32000,
        "per_host_batch_size": per_host_batch_size,
        "num_cores_per_host": num_cores_per_host,
        "seq_length": seq_length,
        "reuse_length": reuse_length,
        "do_lower_case": do_lower_case,
        "bi_data": bi_data,
        "use_eod_token": use_eod_token,
    }
    corpus_fname = os.path.basename(filename) + ".json"
    corpus_destination = os.path.join(save_dir, corpus_fname)
    logging.info("Saving corpus info to %s", corpus_destination)

    with tf.io.gfile.GFile(corpus_destination, "w") as fp:
      json.dump(corpus_info, fp)


def main(_):
  tokenizer = tokenization.FullSentencePieceTokenizer(FLAGS.sp_model_file)
  create_tfrecords(
      tokenizer=tokenizer,
      input_file_or_files=FLAGS.input_file,
      use_eod_token=FLAGS.use_eod_token,
      do_lower_case=FLAGS.do_lower_case,
      per_host_batch_size=FLAGS.per_host_batch_size,
      seq_length=FLAGS.seq_length,
      reuse_length=FLAGS.reuse_length,
      bi_data=FLAGS.bi_data,
      num_cores_per_host=FLAGS.num_cores_per_host,
      save_dir=FLAGS.save_dir,
      prefix=FLAGS.prefix,
      suffix=FLAGS.suffix,
      num_tasks=FLAGS.num_tasks,
      task_id=FLAGS.task_id,
      num_passes=FLAGS.num_passes)


if __name__ == "__main__":
  np.random.seed(0)
  logging.set_verbosity(logging.INFO)
  app.run(main)
