@STRING{cl    = "Computational Linguistics"}

@STRING{acl79  = "Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl79o = "La Jolla, Cal."}
@STRING{acl80  = "Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl80o = "Philadelphia, Pa."}
@STRING{acl81  = "Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl81o = "Stanford, Cal."}
@STRING{acl82  = "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl82o = "Toronto, Ont."}
@STRING{acl83  = "Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl83o = "Cambridge, Mass."}
@STRING{acl84  = "Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl85  = "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl85o =  "Chicago, Ill."}
@STRING{acl86  = "Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl86o = "New York, N.Y."}
@STRING{acl87  = "Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl87o = "Stanford, Cal."}
@STRING{acl88  = "Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl88o = "Buffalo, New York"}
@STRING{acl89  = "Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl89o = "Vancouver, B.C., Canada"}
@STRING{acl90  = "Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl90o = "Pittsburgh, PA."}
@STRING{acl91  = "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl91o = "Berkeley, California"}
@STRING{acl92  = "Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl92o = "Newark, Delaware"}
@STRING{acl93  = "Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl93o = "Columbus, Ohio"}
@STRING{acl94  = "Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl94o = "Las Cruces, New Mexico"}
@STRING{acl95  = "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl95o = "Cambridge, Mass."}
@STRING{acl96  = "Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl96o = "Santa Cruz, Cal."}
@STRING{acl97  = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl97o = "Madrid, Spain"}
@STRING{acl98  = "Proceedings of ACL-COLING"}
@STRING{acl98o = "Montreal, Canada"}
@STRING{acl99  = "Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl99o = "College Park, MD"}
@STRING{acl00  = "Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl00o = "Hong Kong"}
@STRING{acl01  = "Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl01o = "Toulouse, France"}
@STRING{acl02  = "Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl02o = "Philadelphia, PA"}
@STRING{acl03  = "Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl03o = "Sapporo, Japan"}
@STRING{acl04  = "Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl04o = "Barcelona, Spain"}
@STRING{acl05  = "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl05o = "Ann Arbor, Michigan"}
@STRING{acl06  = "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING-ACL)"}
@STRING{acl06o = "Sydney, Australia"}
@STRING{acl07  = "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl07o = "Prague, Czech Republic"}
@STRING{acl08  = "Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technology (ACL-08:HLT)"}
@STRING{acl08o = "Columbus, Ohio"}
@STRING{acl09  = "Proceedings of the Joint conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP)"}
@STRING{acl09o = "Singapore"}
@STRING{acl10  = "Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)"}
@STRING{acl10o = "Uppsala, Sweden"}
@STRING{acl11  = "Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL-HLT)"}
@STRING{acl11o = "Portland, Oregon"}

@STRING{eacl83 = "Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl83o= "Pisa, Italy"}
@STRING{eacl85 = "Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl85o= "Geneva, Switzerland"}
@STRING{eacl87 = "Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl87o= "Copenhagen, Denmark"}
@STRING{eacl89 = "Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl89o= "Manchester, England"}
@STRING{eacl91 = "Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl91o= "Berlin, Germany"}
@STRING{eacl93 = "Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl93o= "Utrecht, The Netherlands"}
@STRING{eacl95 = "Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl95o= "Dublin, Ireland"}
@STRING{eacl03 = "Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics"}
@STRING{eacl03o= "Budapest, Hungary"}


@STRING{coling84 = "Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling84o= "Stanford, Cal."}
@STRING{coling86 = "Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling86o= "Bonn, West Germany"}
@STRING{coling88 = "Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling88o= "Budapest, Hungary"}
@STRING{coling90 = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling90o= "Helsinki, Finland"}
@STRING{coling92 = "Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling92o= "Nantes, France"}
@STRING{coling96 = "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling96o= "Copenhagen, Denmark"}
@STRING{coling00 = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling00o= "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany"}
@STRING{coling02 = "Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling02o= "Taipei, Taiwan"}
@STRING{coling08 = "Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)"}
@STRING{coling08o= "Manchester, Great Britain"}

@InProceedings{Durrani2013,
  author = 	 {Nadir Durrani and Alexander Fraser and Helmut Schmid and Hieu Hoang and Philipp Koehn},
  title = 	 {Can {Markov} Models Over Minimal Translation Units Help Phrase-Based {SMT}?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  year = 	 2013,
  pages = 	 {399--405},
  address = 	 {Sofia, Bulgaria}}

@Article{FraserSchmidetal,
  author = 	 {Alexander Fraser and Helmut Schmid and Rich{\'a}rd Farkas, Renjing Wang, Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
  title = 	 {Knowledge Sources for Constituent Parsing of German, a Morphologically Rich and Less-Configurational Language},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2013,
  volume = 	 39,
  number = 	 1}

@InProceedings{Sajjad2012,
  author = 	 {Hassan Sajjad, Alexander Fraser, Helmut Schmid},
  title = 	 {A Statistical Model for Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Transliteration Mining},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-12)},
  year = 	 2012,
  address = 	 {Jeju, Republic of Korea}}

@InProceedings{SajjadDurrani2011,
  author = 	 {Hassan Sajjad and Nadir Durrani and Helmut Schmid and Alexander Fraser},
  title = 	 {Comparing Two Techniques for Learning Transliteration Models Using a Parallel Corpus},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP)},
  year = 	 2011,
  address = 	 {Chiang Mai, Thailand}}

@InProceedings{Durrani2011,
  author = 	 {Nadir Durrani and Helmut Schmid and Alexander Fraser},
  title = 	 {A Joint Sequence Translation Model with Integrated Reordering},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL-HLT)},
  year = 	 2011,
  address = 	 {Portland, Oregon}}

@InProceedings{Sajjad2011,
  author = 	 {Hassan Sajjad and Alexander Fraser and Helmut Schmid},
  title = 	 {An Algorithm for Unsupervised Transliteration Mining with an Application to Word Alignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (ACL-HLT)},
  year = 	 2011,
  address = 	 {Portland, Oregon}}

@InProceedings{DurraniSajjad2010,
  author = 	 {Nadir Durrani and Hassan Sajjad and Alexander Fraser and Helmut Schmid},
  title = 	 {Hindi-to-Urdu Machine Translation Through Transliteration},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  year = 	 2010,
  address = 	 {Uppsala, Sweden}}

@InProceedings{Faasz:2010,
  author = {Faa{\ss}, Gertrud and Heid, Ulrich and Schmid, Helmut},
  title = {Design and {A}pplication of a {G}old {S}tandard for {M}orphological {A}nalysis: {SMOR} as an {E}xample of {M}orphological {E}valuation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)},
  year = {2010},
  month = {may},
  date = {19-21},
  address = {Valletta, Malta},
  editor = {Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odjik, Stelios Piperidis, Mike Rosner, Daniel Tapias},
  publisher = {European Language Resources Association (ELRA)},
  isbn = {2-9517408-6-7},
  language = {english}
}

@InBook{Schmid:10,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing",
  chapter = 	 "Decision Trees",
  publisher = 	 "Wiley-Blackwell",
  year = 	 "2010",
  editor =	 "Alexander Clark and Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin",
  series =	 "Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics",
  address =	 "Chichester, Great Britain"
}

@InProceedings{SajjadSchmid:09,
  author = 	 {Hassan Sajjad and Helmut Schmid},
  title = 	 {Tagging Urdu Text with Parts of Speech: A Tagger Comparison},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)},
  month     = {March},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Athens, Greece},
  pages     = {692--700}}

@InBook{Schmid:09,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook",
  chapter = 	 "Tokenizing and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
  publisher = 	 "Walter de Gruyter",
  year = 	 "2009",
  editor =	 "Anke L{\"u}deling and Merja Kyt{\"o} and Tony McEnery",
  series =	 "Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science",
  address =	 "Berlin"
}

@InProceedings{Wagner:09,
  author = 	 {Wiebke Wagner and Helmut Schmid and Sabine {Schulte im Walde}},
  title = 	 {Verb Sense Disambiguation using a Predicate-Argument-Clustering Model},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the CogSci Workshop on Distributional Semantics beyond Concrete Concepts},
  pages = 	 {23--28},
  year = 	 {2009},
  address = 	 {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:08a,
  author = 	 {Helmut Schmid and Florian Laws},
  title = 	 {Estimation of Conditional Probabilities With
                  Decision Trees and an Application to Fine-Grained
                  {POS} Tagging},
  pages =        {465--472},
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year = 	 2008,
  address = 	 "Manchester, Great Britain"}


@InProceedings{Schmid:08b,
  author = 	 {Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Christian Hying and Christian Scheible and Helmut Schmid},
  title = 	 {Combining {EM} Training and the {MDL} Principle for an Automatic Verb Classification Incorporating Selectional Preferences},
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technology (ACL-08:HLT)",
  pages = 	 {496--504},
  year = 	 2008,
  address = 	 "Columbus, Ohio"
}

@Article{EvalitaTagger,
  author = 	 {Helmut Schmid and Marco Baroni and Eros Zanchetta and Achim Stein},
  title = 	 {Il sistema ``TreeTagger arricchito'' - The Enriched
                  TreeTagger System},
  journal = 	 {Intelligenza Artificiale},
  year = 	 2007,
  pages = 	 {22-23}
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:94a,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Part-of-Speech Tagging with Neural Networks",
  pages     = "172--176",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)", 
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Kyoto, Japan"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:94b,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Probabilistic Part-of-Speech Tagging Using Decision Trees",
  pages     = "44--49",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on New Methods in Language Processing",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Manchester, Great Britain"
}

@inproceedings{Schmid:95a,
   author    = "Helmut Schmid",
   title     = "Improvements in Part-of-Speech Tagging with an Application
                  to {G}erman",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of the ACL SIGDAT-Workshop",
   pages     = "47--50",
   year      = 1995,
   Adress    = "Dublin, Ireland"
}

@InCollection{Schmid:99,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Improvements in Part-of-Speech Tagging with an Application to German",
  booktitle = 	 "Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora",
  publisher =	 "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year =	 1999,
  editor =	 "Susan Armstrong and Kenneth Church and Pierre Isabelle and Sandra Manzi and Evelyne Tzoukermann and David Yarowsky",
  volume =	 11,
  series =	 "Text, Speech and Language Processing",
  address =	 "Dordrecht",
  pages =	 "13--26"
}

@TechReport{Schmid:95b,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Statistische Disambiguierung von Pr{\"a}positionen
		  f{\"u}r den Transfer",
  institution = "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  year      = 1995,
  type      = "Verb{\it mobil} Memo",
  number    = 87,
  month     = "Februar"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:97,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Parsing by Successive Approximation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT)",
  year      = 1997,
  organization = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address   = "Cambridge, Ma.",
  pages     = "177--186"
}

@InCollection{Schmid:97a,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Probabilistic Part-of-Speech Tagging Using Decision Trees",
  booktitle = "New Methods in Language Processing",
  publisher = "UCL Press",
  year      = 1997,
  editor    = "Daniel Jones and Harold Somers",
  series    = "Studies in Computational Linguistics",
  address   = "London, GB",
  pages     = "154--164"
}

@PhdThesis{Schmid:00,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "{YAP}: Parsing and Disambiguation With Feature-Based Grammars",
  school    = "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Germany"
}

@InCollection{Schmid:00b,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Parsing by successive approximation",
  booktitle = 	 "Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies",
  publisher =	 "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year =	 2000,
  editor =	 "Harry Bunt and Anton Hijholt",
  volume =	 16,
  series =	 "Text, Speech and Language Technology",
  chapter =	 13,
  address =	 "Dordrecht",
  pages =	 "243-262"
}

@Book{Schmid:00c,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "{LoPar}: Design and Implementation",
  publisher = "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 2000,
  number    = 149,
  series    = "Arbeitspapiere des Sonderforschungsbereiches 340"
}

@TechReport{Schmid:00d,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Unsupervised Learning of Period Disambiguation for Tokenisation",
  institution = "IMS, University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 2000,
  pdf       = "https://www.cis.lmu.de/~schmid/papers/tokeniser.pdf"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:02a,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "A Generative Probability Model for Unification-Based Grammars",
  booktitle = coling02,
  year      = 2002,
  address   = coling02o,
  pages     = "884--890"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:02b,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Lexicalization of Probabilistic Grammars",
  booktitle = coling02,
  year      = 2002,
  address   = coling02o,
  pages     = "891--896"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid/Atterer:04,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid and Michaela Atterer",
  title = 	 "New Statistical Methods for Phrase Break Prediction",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  volume =	 1,
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Geneva, Switzerland",
  pages =	 "659--665"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:04b,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Efficient Parsing of Highly Ambiguous Context-Free Grammars with Bit Vectors",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  volume =	 1,
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Geneva, Switzerland",
  pages =	 "162--168"
}

@Misc{Schmid:05c,
  author =	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title =	 "Review of the book: Data-Oriented Parsing by Rens Bod, Remko Scha and Khalil Sima'an",
  howpublished = "Journal of Logic, Language and Information",
  year =	 "to appear"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:06,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "A Programming Language for Finite State Transducers",
  booktitle = 	 "Finite-State Methods and Natural Language Processing: 5th International Workshop (FSMNLP 2005)",
  editor =	 "Anssi Yli-Jyr{\"a}",
  volume =	 4002,
  series =	 "Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
  year =	 2006,
  publisher =	 "Springer, Heidelberg, Germany",
  pages =	 "308--309"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:05e,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Disambiguation of Morphological Structure using a {PCFG}",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP 2005)",
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 "Vancouver, Canada",
  pages =	 "515--522"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid:06b,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid",
  title = 	 "Trace Prediction and Recovery With Unlexicalized  {PCFGs} and Slash Features",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING-ACL)",
  pages =        {177--184},
  year =	 2006,
  address =	 "Sydney, Australia"
}

@Manual{YAP-Manual,
  title     = "The {YAP} Manual",
  author    = "Helmut Schmid",
  organization = "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  address   = "Germany"
}

@InCollection{Schmid/Kempe:96,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid and Andr{\'e} Kempe",
  title     = "{Tagging} von deutschen {Corpora} mit {HMM},
		  {Entscheidungsb{\"a}umen} und {Neuronalen} {Netzen}",
  booktitle = "Lexikon und Text: Wiederverwendbare Methoden und Resourcen zur linguistischen Erschlie{\ss}ung des Deutschen",
  publisher = "Niemeyer",
  year      = 1996,
  editor    = "Helmut Feldweg und Erhard W. Hinrichs",
  number    = 73,
  series    = "Lexicographica Series Maior",
  address   = "T{\"u}bingen",
  pages     = "231--244"
}

@article{Stein/Schmid:95,
  author    = "Achim Stein and Helmut Schmid",
  year      = 1995,
  title     = "Etiquetage morphologique de textes fran\c{c}ais avec
		  un arbre de d\'ecisions",
  journal   = "Traitement Automatique des Langues",
  volume    = "Num\'ero sp\'ecial: Traitements probabilistes et corpus",
  pages     = "23--35"
}

@InProceedings{Demberg/Schmid:07,
  author = 	 {Vera Demberg and Helmut Schmid and Gregor M{\"o}hler},
  title = 	 {Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion},
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year =	 2007,
  pages =        {96--103},
  address =	 "Prague, Czech Republic"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid/Moebius:07,
  author = 	 {Helmut Schmid and Bernd M{\"o}bius and Julia Weidenkaff},
  title = 	 {Tagging Syllable Boundaries With Joint N-Gram Models},
  booktitle =	 {Interspeech 2007},
  pages =        {2857--2860},
  year =	 2007,
  address =	 {Antwerp, Belgium}
}

@InProceedings{Schmid/etal:04,
  author = 	 "Helmut Schmid and Arne Fitschen and Ulrich Heid",
  title = 	 "{SMOR}: A {G}erman Computational Morphology Covering Derivation,
  Composition and Inflection",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation",
  volume =	 4,
  year =	 2004,
  address =      "Lisbon, Portugal",
  pages =	 "1263--1266"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid/Schulte:00,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid and Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "Robust {G}erman Noun Chunking With a Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages     = "726--732"
}


@InProceedings{Schmid/Rooth:01,
  author    = "Helmut Schmid and Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Parse Forest Computation of Expected Governors",
  booktitle = acl01,
  year      = 2001,
  address   = acl01o,
  pages     = "458--465"
}

@InCollection{SchulteImWaldeEtAl:01,
  keywords  = "Gramotron",
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Helmut Schmid and Mats Rooth and Stefan Riezler and Detlef Prescher",
  title     = "Statistical Grammar Models and Lexicon Acquisition",
  booktitle = "Linguistic Form and its Computation",
  publisher = "CSLI Publications",
  year      = 2001,
  editor    = "Christian Rohrer and Antje Rossdeutscher and Hans Kamp",
  address   = "Stanford, CA",
  pages     = "389--440"
}

@TechReport{Schmid/Prescher,
  author    = "Detlef Prescher and Helmut Schmid",
  title     = "Using Pseudo-Disambiguation an Perplexity-Measures for Evalutation of Probabilistic Verb-Argument Models",
  institution = "IMS, University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 2002,
  type      = "internal report",
  address   = "Stuttgart, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Schmid/Baroni,
  author = 	 {Helmut Schmid and Marco Baroni and Eros Zanchetta and Achim Stein},
  title = 	 {The Enriched TreeTagger System},
  booktitle = {proceedings of the EVALITA 2007 workshop},
  year = 	 2007
}

@Misc{Schulte:08,
  author = 	 {Sabine {Schulte im Walde}, Helmut Schmid, Christian Scheible, Christian Hying},
  title = 	 {Representing Underspecification by Semantic Verb Classes incorporating Selectional Preferences},
  howpublished = {Poster at the Annual Meeting of the DGfS, Universit{\"a}t Bamberg},
  year = 	 2008}

@inProceedings{Li/Abe98,
  author    = "Hang Li and Naoki Abe",
  title     = "Word Clustering and Disambiguation Based on Co-occurence Data",
  booktitle = acl98,
  address   = acl98o,
  pages     = "749--755",
  year      = 1998
}

@Article{Li/Abe98b,
  author = 	 "Hang Li and Naoki Abe",
  title = 	 "Generalizing Case Frames Using a Thesaurus and the {MDL} Principle",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 1998,
  volume =	 24,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "217--244"
}

@InProceedings{Abe/Li96,
  author    = "Naoki Abe and Hang Li",
  title     = "Learning Word Association Norms Using Tree Cut Pair Models",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)",
  year      = 1996,
  pages     = "3--11"
}

@InCollection{Abney:91,
  author    = "Steven Abney",
  title     = "Parsing by Chunks",
  booktitle = "Principle-Based Parsing",
  crossref  = "Berwick/Abney/Tenny:91"
}

@Article{Abney:97,
  author    = "Steven Abney",
  title     = "Stochastic Attribute-Value Grammars",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1997,
  volume    = 23,
  number    = 4,
  month     = "December",
  pages     = "597--618"
}

@InProceedings{Abney:96b,
  author    = "Steven Abney",
  title     = "Partial Parsing via Finite-State Cascades",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the {ESSLLI} Robust Parsing Workshop",
  year      = 1999,
  address   = "Prague, Czech Republic"
}

@InProceedings{Abney:99,
  author = "Steven Abney and Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer",
  title = "Boosting applied to tagging and {PP} attachment",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Joint {SIGDAT} Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 acl99o
}

@Article{Alshawi/Carter:1994,
  author    = "Hiyan Alshawi and David Carter",
  title     = "Training and Scaling Preference Functions for Disambiguation",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1994,
  volume    = 20,
  number    = 4,
  month     = "December",
  pages     = "635--648"
}
           
@Article{AndoLee03,
  author =       {Rie Kubota Ando and Lillian Lee},
  title =        {Mostly-Unsupervised Statistical Segmentation of {Japanese} Kanji Sequences},
  journal =      {Journal of Natural Language Engineering},
  volume=9,
  issue=2,
  pages={127--149},
  year =         2003
}

@InProceedings{Multext,
  author = 	 "Susan Armstrong and Graham Russell and Dominique Petitpierre and Gilbert Robert",
  title = 	 "An open architecture for multilingual text processing",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the {EACL} {SIGDAT} Workshop",
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 "Dublin, Ireland",
  pages =	 "30--34"
}

@Article{Bachenko/Fitzpatrick:1990,
  author = 	 {Joan Bachenko and Eileen Fitzpatrick},
  title = 	 {A computational grammar of discourse-neutral prosodic
phrasing in {English}},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 1990,
  volume = 	 16,
  number = 	 3,
  pages = 	 {155--170}
}

@Article{Bahl:76,
  author    = "Lalit R. Bahl and Robert L. Mercer",
  title     = "Part-of-speech assignment by a statistical decision
		  algorithm",
  journal   = "{IEEE} International Symposium on Information Theory",
  year      = 1976,
  pages     = "88--89"
}

@InProceedings{Baker:82,
  author    = "J. Baker",
  title     = "Trainable Grammars for Speech Recognition",
  booktitle = "Speech Communication Papers for the 97th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America",
  editor    = "D. Klatt and J. Wolf",
  year      = 1982,
  pages     = "547--550"
}

@Book{Barwise/Etchemendy,
  author    = "Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy",
  title     = "The Liar: An Essay on Truth and Circularity",
  publisher = "Oxford University Press",
  year      = 1988
}

@Article{Baum:72,
  author    = "Leonard E. Baum",
  title     = "An inequality and association maximization technique
		  in statistical estimation for probabilistic
		  functions of a {M}arkov process",
  journal   = "Inequalities",
  year      = 1972,
  volume    = 3,
  pages     = "1--8"
}


@Article{Baum/Sell:68,
  author    = "Leonard E. Baum and George R. Sell",
  title     = "Growth Transformations on Functions on Manifolds",
  journal   = "Pacific Journal of Mathematics",
  year      = 1968,
  volume    = 27
}

@InProceedings{Beil:99,
  author    = "Franz Beil and Glenn Carroll and Detlef Prescher and Stefan Riezler and Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Inside-Outside Estimation of a Lexicalized {PCFG} for {G}erman",
  booktitle = "acl99",
  year      = 1999,
  address   = "acl99o",
  pages     = "269--276"
}

@Article{Benello:89,
  author    = "J. Benello and A. W. Mackie and J. A. Anderson",
  title     = "Syntactic category disambiguation with neural networks",
  journal   = "Computer Speech and Language",
  year      = 1989,
  volume    = 3,
  pages     = "203--217"
}

@InProceedings{Berwick:81,
  author    = "Robert C. Berwick",
  title     = "Computational Complexity and Lexical Functional Grammar",
  volume    = 19,
  pages     = "7ff",
  booktitle = acl81,
  year      = 1981,
  address   = acl81o
}

@InProceedings{Billot/Lang:89,
  author    = "Sylvie Billot and Bernard Lang",
  title     = "The Structure of Shared Forests in Ambiguous Parsing",
  booktitle = acl89,
  year      = 1989,
  address   = acl89o
}

@InProceedings{Black:92,
  author    = "Ezra Black and Frederick Jelinek and John Lafferty and David M. Magerman and Robert Mercer and Salim Roukos",
  title     = "Towards History-based Grammars: Using Richer Models for Probabilistic Parsing",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
  year      = 1992,
  pages     = 6,
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9405007"
}

@InProceedings{Black:92a,
  author = 	 "Ezra Black and Frederick Jelinek and John Lafferty and Robert Mercer and Salim Roukos",
  title = 	 "Decision tree models applied to the labeling of text with parts of speech",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the {DARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
  pages =        {117--121},
  year =	 1992,
  address =	 "Arden House, NY",
  month =	 "February"
}

@InProceedings{Parseval,
  author = 	 "Ezra Black and Steven Abney and Dan Flickinger and C. Gdaniec and Ralph Grishman and P. Harrison and Donald M. Hindle and R. Ingria and Frederick Jelinek and J. Klavans and Mark Liberman and M. Marcus and Salim Roukos and Beatrice Santorini and Tomek Strzalkowski",
  title = 	 "A procedure for quantitatively comparing the syntactic coverage of {English} grammars",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
  year =	 1991,
  organization = "DARPA",
  publisher =	 "Morgan Kaufmann",
  address =	 "Pacific Grove, Calif.",
  pages =	 "306--311"
}

@Article{Taylor/Black:1998,
  author    = "Paul Taylor and Alan W. Black",
  title     = "Assigning phrase breaks from part-of-speech sequences",
  journal   = "Computer, Speech and Language",
  year      = 1998,
  volume    = 12,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "99--117"
}

@InProceedings{Black/Taylor:1997,
  author    = "Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor",
  title     = "Assigning phrase breaks from part-of-speech sequences",
  booktitle = "Eurospeech",
  year      = 1997,
  pages     = "995--998"
}

@inproceedings{Block/Schmid:92,
   author    = "H. Ulrich Block and Ludwig A. Schmid",
   title     = "Using Disjunctive Constraints in a Bottom-Up Parser",
   year      = 1992,
   pages     = "169--177",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of {KONVENS}",
}
 
@Book{Bod:95,
  author    = "Rens Bod",
  title     = "Enriching Linguistics with Statistics",
  publisher = "University of Amsterdam",
  year      = 1995,
  series    = "ILLC Dissertation Series 1995--14"
}

@InProceedings{Bod:93,
  author    = "Rens Bod",
  title     = "Using an Annotated Corpus as a Stochastic Grammar",
  booktitle = eacl93,
  year      = 1993,
  address   = eacl93o
}

@InProceedings{Bod:00,
  author = 	 "Rens Bod",
  title = 	 "Parsing with the Shortest Derivation",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages =	 "69--75"
}

@InProceedings{Tiger,
  author     =  {Sabine Brants and Stefanie Dipper and Silvia Hansen and Wolfgang Lezius and George Smith},
  year       =  {2002},
  title      =  {The {TIGER} Treebank},
  booktitle  =  "Proceedings of the Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories",
  address    =  {Sozopol},
  pages      =  {24--41},
  postscript =   "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/paper/treeling2002.ps.gz",
  pdf =          "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/TIGER/paper/treeling2002.pdf",
  keywords   =  {Treebank,German,TIGER}
}

@InProceedings{Brants:95,
  author    = "Thorsten Brants",
  title     = "Tagset Reduction Without Information Loss",
  booktitle = eacl95,
  year      = 1995,
  address   = eacl95o
}

@InProceedings{Brants:98,
  author    = "Wojciech Skut and Thorsten Brants",
  title     = "Chunk Tagger: Statistical Recognition of Noun Phrases",
  booktitle = "{ESSLLI} Workshop on Automated Acquisition of Syntax and Parsing",
  year      = 1998,
  organization = "Universit{\"a}t des Saarlandes",
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Brants:99,
  author    = "Thorsten Brants",
  title     = "Cascaded {M}arkov Models",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)",
  year      = 1999,
  address   = "Bergen, Norway"
}

@InProceedings{Brants:00,
  author = 	 "Thorsten Brants",
  title = 	 "{TnT} - A Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Sixth Applied Natural Language Processing Conference {ANLP}",
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 "Seattle, WA"
}

@InProceedings{Brent91,
  author    = "Michael Brent",
  title     = "Automatic acquisition of subcategorization frames from untagged text",
  booktitle = acl91,
  year      = 1991,
  address   = acl91o
}

@InProceedings{Brew:95,
  author    = "Chris Brew",
  title     = "Stochastic {HPSG}",
  booktitle = eacl95,
  year      = 1995,
  address   = eacl95o
}

@InProceedings{Brill:92,
  author    = "Eric Brill",
  title     = "A simple rule-based part of speech tagger",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Applied
		  Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 1992,
  pages     = {152--155},
  address   = "Trento, Italy"
}

@PhdThesis{Brill:93,
  author    = "Eric Brill",
  title     = "A Corpus-Based Approach To Language Learning",
  school    = "Department of Computer and Information Science,
		  University of Pennsylvania", 
  year      = 1993
}


@InProceedings{Brill:96,
  author    = "Eric Brill",
  title     = "Unsupervised Learning of Disambiguation Rules for
		  Part of Speech Tagging",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
  year      = 1995,
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  address   = "Somerset, New Jersey",
  pages     = "1--13"
}

@InProceedings{Brill/Resnik:94,
  author    = "Eric Brill and Philip Resnik",
  title     = "A Rule-Based Approach To Prepositional Phrase Attachment Disambiguation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Kyoto, Japan",
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9410026"
}

@InProceedings{Briscoe/Carroll97,
  author    = "Ted Briscoe and John Carroll",
  title     = "Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization from Corpora",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing ({ANLP})",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Washington, DC"
}

@InProceedings{Briscoe/Carroll,
  author    = "Ted Briscoe and John Carroll",
  title     = "Developing and Evaluating a Probabilistic {LR} Parser
		  of Part-of-Speech and Punctuation Labels",
  pages     = "48--58",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT)",
  year      = 1995,
  address   = "Prague / Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic"
}

@InProceedings{Briscoe/Waegner,
  author    = "Ted Briscoe and Nick Waegner",
  title     = "Robust Stochastic Parsing Using the Inside-Outside Algorithm",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the AAAI92 Workshop on Probabilistically-Based Natural Language Processing Techniques",
  year      = 1992,
  address   = "San Jose, Ca.",
  pages     = "39--53",
  note      = "an extended version is electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9412006"
}

@PhdThesis{Buschbeck:94,
  author    = "Bianka Buschbeck",
  title     = "Topologische Pr{\"a}positionen und ihre Verarbeitung
		  in der maschinellen Sprachverarbeitung",
  school    = "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  year      = 1994
}

@Article{Caballo:98,
  author    = "Sharon A. Caballo and Eugene Charniak",
  title     = "New figures of merit for best-first probabilistic chart-parsing",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  volume    = 24,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "275--298",
  year      = 1998
}

@InProceedings{Campbell:04,
  author = 	 "Richard Campbell",
  title = 	 "Using Linguistic Principles to Recover Empty Categories",
  booktitle = 	 acl04,
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 acl04o,
  pages =	 "645--652"
}

@Book{Carpenter:92,
  author    = "Bob Carpenter",
  title     = "The logic of typed feature structures",
  publisher = "Cambridge University Press, Cambridge",
  year      = 1992,
  series    = "Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science"
}

@PhdThesis{Carroll:95,
  author    = "Glenn Carroll",
  title     = "Learning Probabilistic Grammars for Language Modelling",
  school    = "Department of Computer Science, Brown University",
  year      = 1995
}

@InProceedings{Carroll/Rooth:98,
  author    = "Glenn Carroll and Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Valence Induction with a Head-Lexicalized {PCFG}",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
  year      = 1998,
  address   = "Granada, Spain"
}

@Book{Charniak:93,
  author    = "Eugene Charniak",
  title     = "Statistical Language Learning",
  publisher = "The MIT Press",
  year      = 1993,
  address   = "Cambridge, Massachusetts"
}

@InProceedings{Charniak:97,
  author    = "Eugene Charniak",
  title     = "Statistical Parsing with a Context-Free Grammar and Word Statistics",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Menlo Parc"
}

@InProceedings{Charniak:98,
  author    = "Eugene Charniak and Sharon Goldwater and Mark Johnson",
  title     = "Edge-based best-first chart parsing",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Larger Corpora",
  year      = 1998,
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann",
  pages     = "127--133"
}

@InProceedings{Charniak:00,
  author = 	 "Eugene Charniak",
  title = 	 "A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the North American
                    Chapter of the Association for Computational
                    Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL)",
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 "Seattle, Washington",
  pages =	 "132--139"
}

@InProceedings{Charniak/Johnson:05,
  author = 	 "Eugene Charniak and Mark Johnson",
  title = 	 "Coarse-to-fine n-best parsing and {MaxEnt} discriminative reranking",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 "Ann Arbor, Michigan",
  pages =	 "173--80"
}

@InProceedings{Chelba/Jelinek:98,
  author    = "Ciprian Chelba and Frederick Jelinek",
  title     = "Exploiting Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling",
  booktitle = acl98,
  year      = 1998,
  address   = acl-98o
}


@TechReport{Chen/Goodman:98,
  author = 	 {Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman},
  title = 	 {An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling},
  institution =  {Computer Science Group, Harvard University},
  year = 	 1998,
  number = 	 {TR-10-98}
}

@InProceedings{Chen/Goodman,
    author    = "Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman",
    title     = "An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
    publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann",
    address   = "San Francisco",
    editor    = "Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer",
    pages     = "310--318",
    year      = 1996
}

@InProceedings{Choueka88,
  author    = "Yaacov Choueka",
  title     = "Looking for needles in a haystack or locating intersting collocational expressions in large textual databases",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the {RIAO} Conference on user-oriented content-based text and image-handling",
  year      = 1988,
  address   = "Cambridge, MA",
  month     = "March",
  pages     = "1--15"
}

@Article{Church90,
  author    = "Kenneth Ward Church and Patrick Hanks",
  title     = "Word association norms, mutual information, and lexicography",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1990,
  volume    = 16,
  number    = 1,
  pages     = "22--29"
}

@InProceedings{Church:88,
  author    = "Kenneth W. Church",
  title     = "A stochastic parts program and noun phrase parser
		  for unrestricted text",
  pages     = "136--143",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Conference on Applied
		  Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 1988
}

@TechReport{Church:89,
  author    = "William A. Gale and Kenneth W. Church",
  title     = "What's wrong with adding one?",
  institution = "AT\&T Bell Laboratories",
  year      = 1989,
  type      = "Statistical Research Reports",
  number    = 90,
  address   = "Murray Hill, NJ",
  month     = "November"
}

@Article{Church:91,
  author    = "Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale",
  title     = "A comparison of the enhanced {Good-Turing} and deleted
		  estimation methods for estimating probabilities of
		  {English} bigrams",
  journal   = "Computer Speech and Language",
  year      = 1991,
  volume    = 5,
  pages     = "19--54"
}

@InProceedings{ChurchGale:95,
  author    = "Kenneth Church and William Gale",
  title     = "Inverse Document Frequency {(IDF)}: a measure of
		  deviations from {P}oisson",
  booktitle = "Third Workshop on very large corpora",
  year      = 1995,
  editor    = "David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church",
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  address   = "{MIT}",
  pages     = "121--130"
}
@article{ChurchGale:95b,
  author    = "Kenneth Church and William Gale",
  title     = "{P}oisson Mixtures",
  year      = 1995,
  journal   = "Journal of Natural Language Engineering",
  volume    = 1,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "163--190"
}

@InProceedings{Ciaramita/Johnson,
  author    = "Massimiliano Ciaramita and Mark Johnson",
  title     = "Explaining away ambiguity: Learning verb selectional preference with Bayesian networks",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages     = "187--193"
}

@InProceedings{Clark/Weir,
  author    = "Stephen Clark and David Weir",
  title     = "A Class-Based Probabilistic Approach to Structural Disambiguation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages     = "194--200"
}

@InProceedings{Koo/Collins:05,
  author = 	 "Terry Koo and Michael Collins",
  title = 	 "Hidden-Variable Models for Discriminative Reranking",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference and Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (HLT/EMNLP 2005)",
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 "Vancouver, Canada",
  pages =	 "507--514"
}

@Unpublished{Collins/Koo:05,
  author = 	 "Michael Collins and Terry Koo",
  title = 	 "Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Parsing",
  year =         2005,
  note = 	 "to appear in Computational Linguistics"
}

@InProceedings{Collins:02,
  author = 	 "Michael Collins",
  title = 	 "Discriminative Training Methods for Hidden {Markov} Models: Theory and Experiments with {Perceptron} Algorithms",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 2002,
  address =	 "Philadelphia, PA",
  pages =	 "1--8"
}


@InProceedings{Collins:00,
  author = 	 "Michael Collins",
  title = 	 "Discriminative Reranking for Natural Language Parsing",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning",
  year =	 2000,
  pages =	 "175--182"
}

@PhdThesis{Collins:99,
  author = 	 "Michael Collins",
  title = 	 "Head-Driven Statistical Models for Natural Language Parsing",
  school = 	 "University of Pennsylvania",
  year = 	 1999
}

@InProceedings{Collins:97,
  author    = "Michael Collins",
  title     = "Three Generative, Lexicalised Models for Statistical Parsing",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Madrid, Spain"
}

@InProceedings{Collins:96,
  author    = "Michael Collins",
  title     = "A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical Dependencies",
  booktitle = acl96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = acl96o,
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9605012"
}

@Book{Cormen:94,
  author    = "Thomas H. Cormen and Charles E. Leiserson and Ronald L. Rivest",
  title     = "Introduction to Algorithms",
  publisher = "The MIT Press",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Cambridge, Massachusetts"
}

@InProceedings{Cutting:92,
  author    = "Doug Cutting and Julian Kupiec and Jan Pedersen and
		  Penelope Sibun",
  title     = "A practical part-of-speech tagger",
  pages     = "133--140",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Applied
		  Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 1992,
  address   = "Trento, Italy"
}

@InProceedings{Dagan:90,
  author    = "Ido Dagan and Alon Itai",
  title     = "Automatic Acquisition of Constraints for the
		  Resolution of Anaphora References and Syntactic
		  Ambiguities",
  booktitle = coling90,
  year      = 1990,
  address   = coling90o
}

@InProceedings{Dagan:91,
  author    = "Ido Dagan and Alon Itai and Ulricke Schwall",
  title     = "Two Languages Are More Informative Than One",
  booktitle = acl91,
  year      = 1991,
  address   = acl91o
}

@InProceedings{Dagan/Pereira:94,
  author    = "Ido Dagan and Fernando C. Pereira",
  title     = "Similarity-Based Estimation of Word Cooccurrence Probabilities",
  booktitle = acl94,
  year      = 1994,
  address   = acl94o,
  note      = "Also available electronically at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9405001"
}

@TechReport{Daille:95,
  author    = "B{\'e}atrice Daille",
  title     = "Combined Approach for Terminology Extraction:
		  lexical statistics and linguistic filtering",
  institution = "{UCREL}, Lancaster University",
  year      = 1995,
  number    = 5
}

@article{Darroch:72,
   author    = "J.N. Darroch and D. Ratcliff",
   title     = "Generalized Iterative Scaling for Log-Linear Models",
   journal   = "The Annals of Mathematical Statistics",
   year      = 1972,
   volume    = 43,
   number    = 5,
   pages     = "1470--1480"
}

@InProceedings{DeLima:97,
  author    = "Erika de Lima",
  title     = "Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Backoff Model",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 1997,
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9706001"
}

@Article{Dempster:77,
   author    = "A. P. Dempster and N. M. Laird and D. B. Rubin",
   journal   = "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society",
   title     = "Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the {EM}
		  Algorithm",
   volume    = 39,
   year      = 1977
}

@InProceedings{Derouault84,
  author = 	 "Anne-Marie Derouault and Bernard Merialdo",
  title = 	 "Language modelling at the syntactic level",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pattern Recognition",
  year =	 1984,
  address =	 "Montreal, Canada"
}

@Article{DeRose,
  author    = "Steven J. DeRose",
  title     = "Grammatical Category Disambiguation By Statistical
		  Optimization",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1988,
  volume    = 14,
  number    = 1,
  pages     = "31--39"
}

@InProceedings{Dipper:00,
  author    = "Stefanie Dipper",
  title     = "Grammar-based Corpus Annotation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora LINC",
  editor    = "Anne Abeill{\'e} and Thorsten Brants and Hans Uszkoreit",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Luxembourg",
  pages     = "56--64"
}

@Article{Wordmanager,
  author = 	 "Marc Domenig and Alain Hsiung",
  title = 	 "Concepts and tools for lexical knowledge acquisition",
  journal = 	 "AI communications",
  year = 	 1996,
  volume =	 9,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "79--82"
}

@InProceedings{Doerre/Eisele:90,
  author    = "Jochen D{\"o}rre and Andreas Eisele",
  title     = "Feature Logic With Disjunctive Unification",
  booktitle = coling90,
  year      = 1990,
  address   = coling90o,
  pages     = "100--105"
}


@Book{Doerre:93,
  author    = "Jochen D{\"o}rre",
  title     = "Feature-Logik und Semiunifikation",
  publisher = "Infix",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 128,
  series    = "Dissertationen zur K{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz",
  address   = "Sankt Augustin, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Doerre:97,
  author    = "Jochen D{\"o}rre",
  title     = "Efficient Construction of Underspecified Semantics under Massive Ambiguity",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Madrid, Spain"
}

@InProceedings{Dienes/Dubey:03a,
  author = 	 "P{\'e}ter Dienes and Amit Dubey",
  title = 	 "Deep Syntactic Processing by Combining Shallow Methods",
  booktitle = 	 acl03,
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 acl03o,
  pages = 	 "431--438"
}

@InProceedings{Dienes/Dubey:03b,
  author = 	 "P{\'e}ter Dienes and Amit Dubey",
  title = 	 "Antecedent Recovery: Experiments with a Trace Tagger",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 2003 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan"
}

@InProceedings{Dubey/Keller:03,
  author = 	 "Amit Dubey and Frank Keller",
  title = 	 "Probabilistic Parsing for {G}erman using Sister-Head Dependencies",
  booktitle = 	 acl03,
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 acl03o,
  pages =	 "96--103"
}

@PhdThesis{Dubey:04,
  author = 	 "Amit Dubey",
  title = 	 "Statistical Parsing for German: Modeling syntactic properties and annotation differences",
  school = 	 "Saarland University, Germany",
  year = 	 2004
}

@InProceedings{Dubey:05,
  author = 	 {Amit Dubey},
  title = 	 {What to do when lexicalization fails: parsing {G}erman with suffix analysis and smoothing},
  booktitle = acl05,
  year = 	 2005,
  address = 	 acl05o}

@TechReport{Dunning:94,
  author = 	 "Ted Dunning",
  title = 	 "Statistical Identification of Language",
  institution =  "Computing Research Lab, New Mexico State University",
  year = 	 1994,
  key =		 "MCCS-94-273",
  month =	 "March"
}

@Article{Dunning:93,
  author    = "Ted Dunning",
  title     = "Accurate Methods for the Statistics of Surprise and Coincidence",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 1,
  pages     = "61--74"
}

@Article{Earley:70,
  author    = "Jay Earley",
  title     = "An efficient context-free parsing algorithm",
  journal   = "Communications of the ACM",
  year      = 1970,
  volume    = 13,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "94--102"
}

@InProceedings{Eckle96,
  author    = "Judith Eckle and Ulrich Heid",
  title     = "Extracting raw material for a {G}erman subcategorization lexicon from newspaper text",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Lexicography, COMPLEX",
  year      = 1996,
  address   = "Budapest, Hungary"
}

@InProceedings{Eckle98,
  author    = "Jonas Kuhn and Judith Eckle-Kohler and Christian Rohrer",
  title     = "Lexicon Acquisition with and for Symbolic {NLP}-Systems - a Bootstrapping Approach",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of LREC",
  year      = 1998,
  address   = "Granada, Spain"
}

@InCollection{Eisele:94,
  author    = "Andreas Eisele",
  title     = "Towards probabilistic extensions of constraint-based grammars",
  booktitle = "Computational Aspects of constraint-based linguistic Description II",
  publisher = "Institute for Computational Linguistics {(IMS-CL)}",
  year      = 1994,
  editor    = "Jochen D{\"o}rre",
  address   = "Stuttgart",
  pages     = "3--21",
  note      = "{DYANA-2} Deliverable R1.2.B"
}

@TechReport{Eisner:96b,
  author = 	 {Jason Eisner},
  title = 	 {An Empirical Comparison of Probability Models for
                  Dependency Grammar}, 
  year =	 1996,
  institution =  {Institute for Research in Cognitive Science,
                  Univ. of Pennsylvania}, 
  number =	 {IRCS-96-11},
  note =         {18 pages}
}

@InProceedings{Eisner:96,
  author    = "Jason Eisner",
  title     = "Three New Probabilistic Models for Dependency Parsing: An Exploration",
  booktitle = coling96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = coling96o,
  pages     = "340--345",
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9706003"
}

@InProceedings{Elworthy,
  author    = "David Elworthy",
  title     = "Does {Baum-Welch} Re-estimation Help Taggers?",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Applied Natural
		  Language Processing",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Stuttgart, Germany",
  pages     = "53--58"
}

@InProceedings{Emele:91,
  author    = "Martin Emele",
  title     = "Unification with lazy non-redundant Copying",
  booktitle = acl91,
  year      = 1991,
  address   = acl91o,
  pages     = "323--330"
}


@Book{Emele:97,
  author    = "Martin C. Emele",
  title     = "Der {TFS}-Repr{\"a}sentationsformalismus",
  publisher = "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  year      = 1997,
  volume    = 3,
  number    = 6,
  series    = "Arbeitspapiere des Instituts f{\"u}r Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung",
  address   = "Stuttgart,Germany"
}

@Book{Erben,
  author    = "Johannes Erben",
  title     = "Einf{\"u}hrung in die deutsche Wortbildungslehre",
  publisher = "Erich Schmidt Verlag ",
  year      = 2000,
  edition   = 4,
  address   = "Berlin, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Evert01,
  author    = "Stefan Evert and Brigitte Krenn",
  title     = "Methods for the Qualitative Evaluation of Lexical Association Measures",
  booktitle = acl01,
  year      = 2001,
  address   = acl01o,
}

@InCollection{Federici:94,
  author    = "Stefano Federici and Vito Pirrelli",
  title     = "Context-sensitivity and linguistic structure in
		  analogy-based parallel networks",
  booktitle = "Current Issues in Mathematical Linguistics",
  publisher = "North-Holland",
  year      = 1994,
  editor    = "Carlos Martin-Vide",
  address   = "Amsterdam",
  pages     = "353--362"
}

@TechReport{Feldweg:93,
  author    = "Helmut Feldweg",
  title     = "Stochastische {W}ortartendisambiguierung f{\"u}r das
		  {D}eutsche",
  institution = "Seminar Sprachwissenschaft, Universit{\"a}t T{\"u}bingen",
  year      = 1993,
  type      = "SfS-report",
  number    = "8--93"
}

@InCollection{Feldweg:96,
  author    = "Helmut Feldweg",
  title     = "Implementation and evaluation of a {G}erman {HMM} for
		  {POS} disambiguation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the ACL SIGDAT-Workshop",
  pages     = "41--46",
  year      = 1995,
  Adress    = "Dublin, Ireland"
}

@InProceedings{Fissaha:03,
  author = 	 "Sisay Fissaha and Daniel Olejnik and Ralf Kornberger and Karin M{\"u}ller and Detlef Prescher",
  title = 	 "Experiments in {G}erman Treebank Parsing",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue (TSD)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"
}


@InProceedings{Forst:07,
  author = 	 {Martin Forst},
  title = 	 {Filling Statistics with Linguistics - Property Design for the Disambiguation of {G}erman  {LFG} Parses},
  booktitle = { Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Deep Linguistic Processing},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Prague, Czech Republic}}

@InProceedings{Dreyer_et_al:06,
  author = 	 {Markus Dreyer and David A. Smith and Noah A. Smith},
  title = 	 {Vine parsing and minimum risk reranking for speed
                  and precision},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Computational
                  Natural Language Learning (CONLL-X)},
  pages = 	 {201--205},
  year = 	 2006,
  address = 	 {New York City, New York}}

@inproceedings{boosting,
    author = "Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire",
    title = "A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting",
    booktitle = "European Conference on Computational Learning Theory",
    pages = "23-37",
    year = "1995"
}

@InBook{Garside:87,
  author = 	 "Roger Garside",
  title = 	 "The Computational Analysis of {English}: A Corpus-based Approach",
  chapter = 	 "The CLAWS Word-tagging System",
  publisher = 	 "Longman",
  year = 	 1987,
  editor =	 "Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey Sampson",
  address =	 "London"
}

@Book{GPSG85,
  author    = "Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan Sag",
  title     = "Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher = "Harvard University Press",
  year      = 1985,
  address   = "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@InProceedings{Gimenez:04,
  author = 	 "Jes{\'u}s Gim{\'e}nez and Llu{\'i}s M{\`a}rquez",
  title = 	 "{SVMTool}: A general {POS} tagger generator based on Support Vector Machines",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the IV International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'04)",
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Lisbon, Portugal",
  pages =	 "43--46"
}

@Article{Good:53,
  author    = "I. Good",
  title     = "The population frequencies of species and the
		  estimation of population parameters",
  journal   = "Biometrika",
  year      = 1953,
  volume    = 40,
  pages     = "237--264"
}

@InProceedings{Goodman:96,
  author    = "Joshua Goodman",
  title     = "Parsing algorithms and metrics",
  booktitle = acl96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = acl96o,
  pages     = "177--183"
}

@InProceedings{Goodman:97,
  author    = "Joshua Goodman",
  title     = "Probabilistic Feature Grammars",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT)",
  year      = 1997,
  organization = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
  address   = "Cambridge, Ma.",
  pages     = "89--100"
}

@TechReport{Greene:71,
  author    = "B.B. Greene and G.M. Rubin",
  title     = "Automatic grammatical tagging of {English}",
  institution = "Department of Linguistics, Brown University", 
  year      = 1971,
  address   = "Providence, Rhode Island"
}

@InProceedings{Grefenstette:94,
  author    = "Gregory Grefenstette and Pasi Tapanainen",
  title     = "What is a word, What is a sentence? Problems of Tokenization",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Computational Lexicography and Text Research (COMPLEX)",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Budapest"
}

@InProceedings{Comlex:94,
  author    = "Ralph Grishman and Catherine Macleod and Adam Meyers",
  title     = "Comlex Syntax: Building a Computational Lexicon",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Kyoto, Japan"
}

@TechReport{Groenendijk:93,
  author    = "Marius Groenendijk",
  title     = "Xmfed User Guide",
  institution = "Commision of the European Community", 
  year      = 1993,
 }
		  
@InProceedings{GermaNet,
  author    = "Birgit Hamp and Helmut Feldweg",
  title     = "GermaNet - a Lexical-Semantic Net for {G}erman",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the ACL workshop on Automatic Information Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources for NLP Applications",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Madrid"
}

@InProceedings{HeidSaeuberlichFitschen02,
  author            = {Ulrich Heid and Bettina S{\"a}uberlich and Arne Fitschen},
  title             = {Using Descriptive Generalisations in the Acquisition of Lexical Data for Word Formation},
  year              = {2002},
  booktitle         = {Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
  volume            = {IV},
  pages             = {86--92},
  address           = {Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain},
  keywords          = {DeKo,CorpLex,Lexikographie}
}

@Article{Hindle/Rooth,
  author    = "Donald M. Hindle and Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Structural Ambiguity and Lexical Relations",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 1
}

@TechReport{Gertwol,
  author = 	 "Mariikka Haapalainen and Ari Majorin",
  title = 	 "GERTWOL: {Ein} {System} zur automatischen {Wortformerkennung} deutscher {W{\"o}rter}",
  institution =  "Lingsoft Inc.",
  year = 	 1994
}

@InProceedings{Hirschberg:90,
  author    = "Julia Hirschberg",
  title     = "Accent and Discourse Context: Assigning pitch accent in synthetic speech",
  year      = 1990,
  pages     = "952--957",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference",
  organization = "American Association for Artificial Intelligence",
  address   = "Boston"
}


@Article{Hirschberg:1993,
  author = 	 "Julia Hirschberg",
  title = 	 "Pitch Accent in Context: Predicting Intonational
Prominence from Text",
  journal = 	 "Artificial Intelligence",
  year = 	 1993,
  volume =	 63
}

@Article{Hirschberg/Prieto:1996,
  author = 	 "Julia Hirschberg and Pilar Prieto",
  title = 	 "Training intonational phrasing automatically for {English} and Spanish Text-to-Speech",
  journal = 	 "Speech Communication",
  year = 	 1996,
  volume =	 18,
  pages =	 "281--290"
}

@Article{Hyafil:76,
  author = 	 "L. Hyafil and Ronald L. Rivest",
  title = 	 "Constructing optimal binary decision trees in {NP}-complete",
  journal = 	 "Information Processing Letters",
  year = 	 1976,
  volume =	 5,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "15--17"
}

@InProceedings{Jelinek:80,
  author    = "Frederick Jelinek and Robert L. Mercer",
  title     = "Interpolated estimation of {M}arkov source parameters
		  from sparse data",
  pages     = "381--397",
  booktitle = "Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice",
  year      = 1980,
  address   = "Amsterdam"
}

@InCollection{Jelinek:85,
  author    = "Fredrick Jelinek",
  title     = "{M}arkov Source modeling of text generation",
  booktitle = "Impact of Processing Techniques on Communication",
  publisher = "Nijhoff",
  year      = 1985,
  editor    = "J. K. Skwirzinski ",
  address   = "Dordrecht"
}

@PhdThesis{Joachims:01,
  author    = "Thorsten Joachims",
  title     = "Learning to Classify Text Using Support Vector Machines",
  school    = "Universit{\"a}t Dortmund",
  year      = 2001,
  month     = "February"
}

@InProceedings{Johnson:88,
  author    = "Mark Johnson",
  title     = "Deductive Parsing with Multiple Levels of Representation",
  booktitle = acl88,
  year      = 1988,
  address   = acl88o,
  pages     = "241--248"
}

@Article{Johnson:98,
  author = 	 "Mark Johnson",
  title = 	 "{PCFG} Models of Linguistic Tree Representations",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 1998,
  volume =	 24,
  number =	 4,
  pages =	 "613--632"
}

@InProceedings{Johnson:01,
  author = 	 "Mark Johnson",
  title = 	 "A simple pattern-matching algorithm for recovering empty nodes and their antecedents",
  booktitle = 	 acl01,
  year =	 2001,
  address =	 acl01o,
  pages =	 "136--143"
}

@InCollection{Kaplan/Bresnan:82,
  author    = "Ronald M. Kaplan and Joan Bresnan",
  title     = "{L}exical-{F}unctional {G}rammar : A formal system for grammatical representation",
  booktitle = "The mental representation of grammatical relations",
  publisher = "The MIT Press",
  year      = 1982,
  editor    = "Joan Bresnan",
  chapter   = 4,
  pages     = "173--281"
}

@InProceedings{Karp:92,
  author = 	 "Daniel Karp and Yves Schabes and Martin Zaidel and Dania Egedi",
  title = 	 "A Freely Available Wide Coverage Morphological Analyzer for {English}",
  booktitle = 	 coling92,
  year =	 1992,
  address =	 coling92o,
  pages =	 "950--954"
}

@InProceedings{Karttunen95,
  author = 	 "Lauri Karttunen",
  title = 	 "The replace operator",
  booktitle = 	 acl95,
  year =	 1995,
  address =	 acl95o,
  pages =	 "16--23"
}

@InCollection{Karttunen87,
  author = 	 "Lauri Karttunen and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title = 	 "A compiler for two-level phonological rules",
  booktitle = 	 "Tools for Morphological Analysis",
  publisher =	 "Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University",
  year =	 1987,
  editor =	 "Mary Dalrymple and Ronald M. Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Sami Shaio and Michael Wescoat",
  volume =	 "87-108",
  series =	 "CSLI Reports",
  address =	 "Palo Alto, CA",
  pages =	 "1-61"
}

@TechReport{Karttunen/Beesley92,
  author    = "Lauri Karttunen and Kenneth R. Beesley",
  title     = "Two-Level Rule Compiler",
  institution = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
  year      = 1992,
  number    = "ISTL-92-2",
  address   = "Palo Alto, California"
}

@InProceedings{Karttunen/Kay:85,
  author    = "Lauri Karttunen and Martin Kay",
  title     = "Structure sharing with binary trees",
  booktitle = acl85,
  year      = 1985,
  address   = acl85o,
  pages     = "133--136"
}

@Article{Kaplan/Kay94,
  author    = "Ronald Kaplan and Martin Kay",
  title     = "Regular Models of phonological rule systems",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1994,
  volume    = 20,
  number    = 3,
  pages     = "331--379"
}

@InProceedings{Karlsson:90,
  author = 	 "Fred Karlsson",
  title = 	 "Constraint Grammar as a Framework for Parsing Running Text",
  booktitle = 	 coling90,
  year =	 1990,
  address =	 coling90o,
  pages =	 "168--173"
}

@TechReport{Kasami:65,
  author    = "T. Kasami",
  title     = "An efficient recognition and syntax analysis algorithm for context-free languages",
  institution = "Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory",
  year      = 1965,
  type      = "Technical Report",
  number    = "AFCRL-65-758"
}


@InProceedings{Kasper/Krieger:96,
  author    = "Walter Kasper and Hans-Ulrich Krieger",
  title     = "Modularizing Codescriptive Grammars for Efficient Parsing",
  booktitle = coling96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = coling96o,
  pages     = "628--633"
}

@InProceedings{Kasper:87,
  author    = "Robert T. Kasper",
  title     = "A Unification Method for Disjunctive Feature Descriptions",
  booktitle = acl87,
  year      = 1987,
  address   = acl87o,
  pages     = "235--242"
}

@Article{Katz:87,
  author    = "S. Katz",
  title     = "Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the
		  language model component of a speech recognizer",
  journal   = "IEEE Transactions on ASSP",
  year      = 1987,
  volume    = 34,
  number    = 3,
  pages     = "400--401"
}

@TechReport{Kempe:93,
  author    = "Andr\'e Kempe",
  title     = "A probabilistic tagger and an analysis of tagging errors",
  institution = "Institut {f\"ur} Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
		  {Universit{\"a}t} Stuttgart", 
  year      = 1993
}

@InProceedings{Kempe:94,
  author    = "Andr\'e Kempe",
  title     = "Probabilistic tagging with feature structures",
  pages     = "161--165",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)", 
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Kyoto, Japan"
}

@TechReport{Kiefer/Krieger/Prescher,
  author    = "Bernd Kiefer and Hans-Ulrich Krieger and Detlef Prescher",
  title     = "A novel disambiguation method for unification-based grammars using probabilistic context-free approximations",
  institution = "Language Technology Lab, DFKI GmbH",
  year      = 2002,
  type      = "internal report",
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Kim:99,
  author = 	 "Jin-Dong Kim and Sang-Zoo Lee and Hae-Chang Rim",
  title = 	 "HMM Specialization with Selective Lexicalization",
  booktitle = 	 "Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora",
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 acl99o
}

@InProceedings{Klatt:02,
  author = 	 "Stefan Klatt",
  title = 	 "Combining a Rule-Based Tagger with a Statistical Tagger for Annotating {G}erman Texts",
  booktitle = 	 "KONVENS 2002. 6. Konferenz zur Verarbeitung nat{\"u}rlicher Sprache",
  editor =	 "Stephan Buseman",
  year =	 2002,
  address =	 "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany"
}

@Phdthesis{klatt:diss,
author = {Stefan Klatt},
title = {{Kombinierbare Textanalyseverfahren f\"ur die Korpusannotation 
und Informationsextraktion}},
school = {Universit\"at Stuttgart},
year = 2005}

@Inproceedings{klatt:04,
  author = {Stefan Klatt and Bernd Bohnet},
  title =  {{You don't have to think twice if you carefully tokenize}},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference 
on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-04)}},
  address = {Hainan (China)},
  year = 2004
}

@InProceedings{Toutanova:03,
  author = 	 {Kristina Toutanova and Dan Klein and Christopher Manning and Yoram Singer},
  title = 	 {Feature-Rich Part-of-Speech Tagging with a Cyclic Dependency Network},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of HLT-NAACL},
  pages = 	 {252--259},
  year = 	 2003,
  address = 	 {Edmonton, Canada}}

@InProceedings{Klein/Manning:03a,
  author = {Dan Klein and Christopher D. Manning},
  title  = {Accurate Unlexicalized Parsing},
  booktitle = acl03,
  year = 2003,
  address = acl03o,
  pages = "423--430"
}

@InProceedings{Klein/Manning,
  author = {Dan Klein and Christopher D. Manning},
  title  = {A* Parsing: Fast Exact Viterbi Parse Selection},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of HLT-NAACL},
  year = 2003,
  address = 	 {Edmonton, Canada}
}

@inproceedings{Finkel:05,
 author = {Finkel, Jenny Rose and Grenager, Trond and Manning, Christopher},
 title = {Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by {G}ibbs sampling},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {363--370},
 address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan}
 }

@Article{Klein/Simmons,
  author = 	 "S. Klein and R. Simmons",
  title = 	 "A computational approach to grammatical coding of {English} words",
  journal = 	 "JACM",
  year = 	 1963,
  volume =	 10,
  pages =	 "334--337"
}

@Book{Knowles/etal:1996,
  author = 	 "G. Knowles and B. Williams and L. Taylor",
  title = 	 "A Corpus of Formal British {English} Speech: The Lancaster/IBM Spoken {English} Corpus",
  publisher = 	 "Longman, London",
  year = 	 1996
}

@InProceedings{Koehn/etal:2000,
  author = 	 "Philipp Koehn and Steven Abney and Julia Hirschberg and
Michael Collins",
  title = 	 "Improving intonational phrasing with syntactic
information",
  booktitle = 	 "ICASSP 2000",
  year =	 2000
}

@InProceedings{Koehn/Knight:03,
  author = 	 "Philipp Koehn and Kevin Knight",
  title = 	 "Empirical Methods for Compound Splitting",
  booktitle = 	 eacl03,
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 eacl03o,
  pages = "431--438"
}

@Article{Koenig:99,
  author    = "Esther K{\"o}nig-Baumer",
  title     = "LexGram - a practical categorial grammar formalism",
  journal   = "Journal of Language and Computation",
  year      = 1999,
  volume    = 1,
  number    = 1,
  pages     = "33--52"
}

@PhdThesis{Koskenniemi:83,
  author = 	 "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
  title = 	 "Two-Level Morphology: A General Computational Model for
Word-Form Recognition and Production",
  school = 	 "University of Helsinki",
  year = 	 1983
}

@InProceedings{Krenn:97,
  author = 	 "Brigitte Krenn",
  title = 	 "Tagging Syllables",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of Eurospeech",
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 "Rhodes, Greece"
}

@Misc{TIPSTER:93,
  author    = "LDC",
  title     = "{The {TIPSTER} Information Retrieval Text Research Collection}",
  howpublished = "Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC), CD-ROM
		  LDC93T3-1.1--3.1",
  year      = 1993,
  key       = "TIPSTER"
}

@InProceedings{Lafferty:01,
  author = 	 "John Lafferty and Andrew McCallum and Fernando Pereira",
  title = 	 "Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of ICML",
  year =	 2001,
  pages =	 "282--289"
}

@Article{Lari/Young:90,
  author    = "K. Lari and S. Young",
  title     = "The estimation of stochastic context-free grammars using the Inside-Outside algorithm",
  journal   = "Computation Speech and Language Processing",
  year      = 1990,
  volume    = 4,
  pages     = "35--56"
}

@InProceedings{Lauer:95,
  author    = "Mark Lauer",
  title     = "Corpus Statistics Meet the Noun Compound: Some Empirical Results",
  booktitle = acl95,
  year      = 1995,
  address   = acl95o,
  pages     = "47--54",
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9504033"
}

@InProceedings{Leech:94,
  author    = "Geoffrey Leech and Roger Garside and Michael Bryant",
  title     = "{CLAWS4}: The Tagging of the British National Corpus",
  pages     = "622--628",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Kyoto, Japan"
}

@book{Levin:93,
   author    = "Beth Levin",
   title     = "English Verb Classes and Alternations. A Preliminary Investigation",
   year      = 1993,
   publisher = "The University of Chicago Press",
   address   = "Chicago/London"
}

@InProceedings{Levy/Manning,
  author = 	 "Roger Levy and Christopher D. Manning",
  title = 	 "Deep Dependencies from Context-Free Statistical Parsers: Correcting the Surface Dependency Approximation",
  booktitle = 	 acl04,
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 acl04o,
  pages =	 "327--334"
}

@InProceedings{Light/Abney:99,
  author = 	 "Steven Abney and Marc Light",
  title = 	 "Hiding a Semantic Class Hierarchy in a {M}arkov Model",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing",
  year =	 1999,
  address =	 "College Park, MD"
}

@InProceedings{Lezius:00,
  author    = "Wolfgang Lezius and Stefanie Dipper and Arne Fitschen",
  title     = "{IMSLex} -- Representing Morphological and Syntactical
Information in a Relational Database",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th EURALEX International Congress,
Stuttgart, Germany",
  editor    = "Ulrich Heid and Stefan Evert and Egbert Lehmann and
Christian Rohrer",
  year      = 2000,
  pages     = "133--139",
  postscript= "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/IMSLex/euralex2000.ps.gz",
  pdf       = "http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/IMSLex/euralex2000.pdf"
}

@Article{Lippmann:89,
  author    = "R. P. Lippmann",
  title     = "Review of Neural Networks for Speech Recognition",
  journal   = "Neural Computation",
  year      = 1989,
  volume    = 1,
  pages     = "1--38"
}

@MastersThesis{Lorenz97
,
  author = 	 "Oliver Lorenz",
  title = 	 "Automatische {Wortformerkennung} f{\"ur} das {Deutsche} im {Rahmen} von {MALAGA}",
  school = 	 "Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t",
  year = 	 1997,
  address =	 "Erlangen, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{LuedelingFitschen02,
author    = "Anke L{\"u}deling and Arne Fitschen",
title     = "An Integrated Lexicon for the Automatic Analysis of Complex Words",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th EURALEX International Congress",
volume    = "I",
address   = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
year      = 2002,
pages     = "145--152"
}


@PhdThesis{Magerman:94,
  author    = "David M. Magerman",
  title     = "Natural Language Processing as Statistical Pattern
		  Recognition",
  school    = "Stanford University",
  year      = 1994
}

@Manual{ChaSen,
  title = 	 "Japanese morphological analysis system ChaSen",
  key =		 "NAIST-IS-TR99009",
  author =	 "Yuji Matsumoto and A. Kitauchi and T. Yamashita and Y. Hirano and H. Matsuda and M. Asahara",
  organization = "Nara Institute of Science and Technology",
  address =	 "Nara, Japan",
  year =	 1999
}

@InProceedings{Manning93,
  author    = "Christopher D. Manning",
  title     = "Automatic Acquisition of a Large Subcategorization Dictionary from Corpora",
  booktitle = acl93,
  year      = 1993,
  address   = acl93o,
  pages     = "235--242"
}

@Article{Marcus:93,
  author    = "Mitchell P. Marcus and Beatrice Santorini and
		  Mary Ann Marcinkiewicz",
  title     = "Building a large annotated corpus of {E}nglish: the
		  {P}enn {T}reebank",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "313--330",
  month     = "June"
}

@InProceedings{Marquez:97,
  author = 	 "Llu{\'i}s M{\`a}rquez and Llu{\'i}s Padr{\'o}",
  title = 	 "A flexible {POS} tagger using an automatically acquired language model",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 "Madrid, Spain",
  pages =	 "238--245"
}

@PhdThesis{Marquez:99,
  author = 	 {Llu{\'i}s M{\`a}rquez},
  title = 	 {POS Tagging : A Machine Learning Approach based on Decision Trees},
  school = 	 {Dep. LSI, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC)},
  year = 	 1999,
  address = 	 {Barcelona, Spain},
  month = 	 {July}}

@Article{Marshall83,
  author = 	 "Ian Marshall",
  title = 	 "Choice of Grammatical Word-class without Global Syntactic Analysis: Tagging Words in the {LOB} Corpus",
  journal = 	 "Computers and the Humanities",
  year = 	 1983,
  volume =	 17,
  pages =	 "139--150"
}

@InProceedings{Matsuzaki:05,
  author = 	 "Takuya Matsuzaki and Yusuke Miyao and Jun'ichi Tsujii",
  title = 	 "Probabilistic {CFG} with latent annotations",
  booktitle = 	 acl05,
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 acl05o
}

@InProceedings{Maxwell/Kaplan:89,
  author    = "John T. {Maxwell~III} and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title     = "An Overview of Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
  year      = 1989,
  publisher = "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address   = "Pittsburgh",
  pages     = "18--27"
}

@Article{Maxwell/Kaplan:94,
  author    = "John T. {Maxwell~III} and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title     = "The Interface between Phrasal and Functional Constraints",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1994,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 4,
  pages     = "571--589"
}

@Misc{Maxwell/Kaplan:96,
  author    = "John T. {Maxwell~III} and Ronald M. Kaplan",
  title     = "Unification-based Parsers that Automatically Take Advantage of Context Freeness",
  howpublished = "Paper presented at the LFG96 Conference, Grenoble, France. Ms. Xerox PARC",
  year      = 1996
}

@inproceedings{McCarthy98,
    author    = "Diana McCarthy and Anna Korhonen",
    title     = "Detecting Verbal Participation in Diathesis Alternations",
    booktitle = acl98,
    address   = acl98o,
    pages     = "1493--1495",
    year      = 1998
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy00,
  author    = "Diana McCarthy",
  title     = "Using semantic preferences to identify verbal participation in role switching alternations",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the North American
                    Chapter of the Association for Computational
                    Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Seattle, Washington",
  pages     = "256--263"
}

@Article{Merialdo:94,
  author    = "Bernard Merialdo",
  title     = "Tagging {English} text with a probabilistic model",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1994,
  volume    = 20,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "155--171"
}

@InProceedings{Meteer:91,
  author    = "Marie Meteer and Richard Schwartz and Ralph Weischedel",
  title     = "Empirical studies in part-of-speech labelling",
  booktitle = "DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop",
  year      = 1991,
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann"
}

@InProceedings{Mikheev:98,
  author    = "Andrei Mikheev",
  title     = "Feature Lattices for Maximum Entropy Modelling",
  booktitle = acl98,
  year      = 1998,
  address   = acl98o,
  pages     = "845--848"
}

@InProceedings{Mikheev:99,
  author    = "Andrei Mikheev",
  title     = "A Knowledge-free Method for Capitalized Word Disambiguation",
  booktitle = acl99,
  year      = 1999,
  address   = acl99o,
  pages     = "159--166"
}


@Article{Mikheev:02,
  author = 	 "Andrei Mikheev",
  title = 	 "Periods, Capitalized Words, etc.",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 2002,
  volume =	 28,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 "September",
  pages =	 "289--318"
}

Computational Linguistics  archive
Volume 28 ,  Issue 3  (September 2002) table of contents
Pages: 289 - 318  
Year of Publication: 2002
ISSN:0891-2017
Author 	
Andrei Mikheev 	 I

@InProceedings{Mikheev:00,
  author = 	 "Andrei Mikheev",
  title = 	 "Tagging Sentence Boundaries",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the North American
                    Chapter of the Association for Computational
                    Linguistics (ANLP-NAACL)",
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 "Seattle, Washington",
  pages =	 "264--271"
}

@InBook{Mikheev:03,
  author = 	 "Andrei Mikheev",
  title = 	 "The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics",
  chapter = 	 "Text Segmentation",
  publisher = 	 "Oxford University Press",
  year = 	 2003,
  editor =	 "Ruslan Mitkov",
  series =	 "Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics",
  pages =	 "201-218"
}

@TechReport{Miller:93,
  author    = "George A. Miller and Richard Beckwith and Christiane 
                  Fellbaum and Derek Gross and Katherine Miller",
  title     = "Introduction to {WordNet}: An On-line Lexical Database",
  institution = "Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University",
  year      = 1993,
  annote      = "(An earlier version appears in the {\em International Journal
		  of Lexicography\/}, Vol. 3, Number 4, Winter 1990."
}

@InProceedings{Kiraz/Moebius,
  author = 	 "George A. Kiraz and Bernd M{\"o}bius",
  title = 	 "Multilingual syllabification using weighted finite-state transducers",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Speech Synthesis",
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 "Jenolan Caves, Australia",
  pages =	 "71--76"
}

@inproceedings{Mohri/Sproat96,
  author    = "Mehryar Mohri and Richard Sproat",
  title     = "An Efficient Compiler for Weighted Rewrite Rules",
  pages     = "231--238",
  booktitle = acl96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = acl96o
}

@article{Mohri00,
  author    = "Mehryar Mohri and Fernando Pereira and Michael Riley",
  title     = "The design principles of a weighted finite-state transducer library",
  journal   = "Theoretical Computer Science",
  volume    = 231,
  number    = 1,
  pages     = "17--32",
  year      = 2000
}

@Article{Mueller:80,
  author = 	 "Hans M{\"u}ller and V.Amerl and G. Natalis",
  title = 	 "Worterkennungsverfahren als {G}rundlage einer {U}niversalmethode zur automatischen {S}egmentierung von {T}exten in {S}{\"a}tze. Ein {V}erfahren zur maschinellen {S}atzgrenzenbestimmung im {E}nglischen",
  journal = 	 "Sprache und Datenverarbeitung",
  year = 	 1980,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "46-63"
}

@InProceedings{Mueller01,
  author = 	 "Karin M{\"u}ller",
  title = 	 "Automatic Detection of Syllable Boundaries Combining the Advantages of Treebank and Bracketed Corpora Training",
  booktitle = 	 acl01,
  year =	 2001,
  address =	 acl01o,
  pages =	 "402--409"
}

@PhdThesis{Mueller02,
  author = 	 "Karin M{\"u}ller",
  title = 	 "Probabilistic Syllable Modeling Using Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods",
  school = 	 "Institute of Natural Language Processing (IMS), University of Stuttgart",
  year = 	 2002,
  address =	 "Stuttgart, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Mueller02b,
  author = 	 "Karin M{\"u}ller",
  title = 	 "Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars for Phonology",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Morphological and Phonological Learning",
  year =	 2002,
  address =	 acl02o
}

@InProceedings{Nagata97,
  author = 	 "Masaaki Nagata",
  title = 	 "A self-organizing Japanese word segmenter using heuristic word identification and re-estimation",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 "Beijing, China",
  pages =	 "203-215"
}

@InProceedings{Nagata:92,
  author    = "Masaaki Nagata",
  title     = "An empirical study of rulegranularity and unification interleaving toward an efficient unification-based parsing system",
  booktitle = coling92,
  year      = 1992,
  address   = coling92o,
  pages     = "177--183"
}

@InProceedings{Nakamura:90,
  author    = "M. Nakamura and K. Maruyama and T. Kawabata and K.
		  Shikano", 
  title     = "Neural network approach to word category prediction
		  for {English} texts",
  editor    = "H. Karlgren",
  pages     = "213--218",
  booktitle = coling90, 
  year      = 1990,
  address   = coling90o
}

@Article{Ney:94,
  author    = "Hermann Ney and U. Essen and R. Kneser",
  title     = "On structuring probabilistic dependencies in stochastic language modelling",
  journal   = "Computer Speech and Language",
  year      = "1994:",
  volume    = 8,
  pages     = "1--38"
}


@InProceedings{Kneser/Ney,
  author    = "Reinhard Kneser and Hermann Ney",
  title     = "Improved backing-off for ngram language modeling",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing",
  volume    = 1,
  year      = 1995,
  pages     = "181--184"
}

@Book{Nespor/Vogel:1986,
  author = 	 "Marina Nespor and Irenen Vogel",
  title = 	 "Prosodic Phonology",
  publisher = 	 "Foris publications",
  year = 	 1986
}

@Article{Niu04,
  author = 	 "Cheng Niu and Wei Li and Jihong Ding and Rohini K. Srihari",
  title = 	 "Orthographic Case Restoration Using Supervised Learning Without Manual Annotation",
  journal = 	 "International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools",
  year = 	 2004,
  volume =	 13,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "141--156"
}

@InProceedings{Noord/Gerdemann99,
  author    = "Gertjan van Noord and Dale Gerdemann",
  title     = "An Extendible Regular Expression Compiler for Finite-state Approaches in Natural Language Processing",
  booktitle = "Automata Implementation. 4th International Workshop on Implementing Automata, WIA",
  editor    = "Oliver Boldt and Helmut J{\"u}rgensen",
  volume    = 2214,
  series    = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  year      = 2001,
  publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
  address   = "London, Great Britain"
}

@InProceedings{Moses,
  author = 	 {Philipp Koehn and Hieu Hoang and Alexandra Birch and Chris Callison-Burch and Marcello Federico and Nicola Bertoldi and Brooke Cowan and Wade Shen and Christine Moran and Richard Zens and Chris Dyer and Ondrej Bojar and Alexandra Constantin and Evan Herbst},
  title = 	 {Moses: Open Source Toolkit for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the
                  Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), demonstration session},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Prague, Czech Republic}}

@article{Giza,
author = {Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney},
title = {A Systematic Comparison of Various Statistical Alignment Models},
journal= {Computational Linguistics}, 
number = 1,
volume = 29,
year = 2003,
pages = {19--51}}

@InProceedings{Osborne:00,
  author    = "Miles Osborne",
  title     = "Shallow Parsing as Part-of-Speech Tagging",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of CoNLL and LLL",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Lisbon, Portugal"
}

@InProceedings{Palmer:94,
  author    = "David D. Palmer and Marti A. Hearst",
  title     = "Adaptive Sentence Boundary Disambiguation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Applied Natural
		  Language Processing",
  year      = 1994,
  pages = "241-267",
  address   = "Stuttgart, Germany"
}


@Article{Palmer:97,
  author = 	 "David D. Palmer and Marti A. Hearst",
  title = 	 "Adaptive Multilingual Sentence Boundary Disambiguation",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 1997,
  volume =	 23,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "241--269"
}

@InProceedings{Pereira/Tishby/Lee,
  author    = "Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian Lee",
  title     = "Distributional clustering of {E}nglish words",
  booktitle = acl93,
  year      = 1993,
  address   = acl93o,
  pages     = "183--190"
}

@InProceedings{Pereira/Warren:83,
  author    = "Fernando C. Pereira and D.H.D. Warren",
  title     = "Parsing as Deduction",
  booktitle = acl83,
  year      = 1983,
  address   = acl83o,
  pages     = "137--144"
}

@Book{Pollard/Sag:94,
  author    = "Carl Pollard and Ivan A. Sag",
  title     = "Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar",
  publisher = "University of Chicago Press",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Chicago, London"
}

@PhdThesis{Prescher:02,
  author    = "Detlef Prescher",
  title     = "{EM}-basierte maschinelle {L}ernverfahren f{\"u}r nat{\"u}rliche {S}prachen",
  school    = "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  year      = 2002,
  address   = "Germany",
  month     = "January"
}

@InProceedings{Prescher:05,
  author =       "Detlef Prescher",
  title = 	 "Head-Driven {PCFG}s with Latent-Head Statistics",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT)",
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 "Vancouver, Canada"
}

@InProceedings{Prescher/Heid,
  author    = "Detlef Prescher and Uli Heid",
  title     = "Probabilistisches {C}lustering zur {I}dentifikation von {V}erb-{N}omen-{K}ollokationen",
  booktitle = "22. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sprache (DGfS)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Marburg, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Prescher/Riezler/Rooth,
  author = 	 {Detlef Prescher and Stefan Riezler and Mats Rooth},
  title = 	 {Using a Probabilistic Class-Based Lexicon for Lexical Ambiguity Resolution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
  year = 	 2000,
  address = 	 {Saarbrücken, Germany}}

@InCollection{Quinlan:83,
  author    = "J. Ross Quinlan",
  title     = "Learning efficient classification procedures and their application to chess end games",
  booktitle = "Machine Learning: An artificial intelligence approach",
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann",
  year      = 1983,
  editor    = "R. Michalski and J. Carbonell and T. Mitchell",
  pages     = "463--482",
  address   = "San Mateo, CA"
}

@Article{Quinlan:87,
  author = 	 {J. Ross Quinlan},
  title = 	 {Simplifying decision trees},
  journal = 	 {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  year = 	 1987,
  volume = 	 27,
  number = 	 3,
  pages = 	 {221--234}}

@Article{Quinlan:86,
  author    = "J. Ross Quinlan",
  title     = "Induction of Decision Trees",
  journal   = "Machine Learning",
  year      = 1986,
  volume    = 1,
  pages     = "81--106"
}

@Book{Quinlan:93,
  author    = "J. Ross Quinlan",
  title     = "C4.5 :  Programs for Machine Learning",
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann",
  year      = 1993,
  address   = "San Mateo , CA"
}

@Article{Rabiner:89,
  author = 	 "Lawrence R. Rabiner",
  title = 	 "A Tutorial on Hidden {Markov} Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition",
  journal = 	 "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  year = 	 1989,
  volume =	 77,
  number =	 2,
  pages =	 "257--286"
}

@PhdThesis{Rapp:1998,
  author = 	 "Stefan Rapp",
  title = 	 "Automatische Erstellung von Korpora f{\"u}r die Prosodieforschung",
  school = 	 "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  year = 	 1998,
  address =	 "Stuttgart, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Ribas95,
  author    = "Francesc Ribas",
  title     = "On learning more appropriate selectional restrictions",
  booktitle = eacl95,
  year      = 1995,
  address   = eacl95o,
  pages     = "112--118"
}

@TechReport{Riezler:97,
  author    = "Stefan Riezler",
  title     = "Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming",
  institution = "SfS, Universit{\"a}t T{\"u}bingen",
  year      = 1997,
  note      = "electronically available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9711001"
}

@phdthesis{Riezler:99,
   author    = "Stefan Riezler",
   title     = "Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming",
   school    = "Seminar f{\"u}r Sprachwissenschaft, Universit{\"a}t
T{\"u}bingen",
   year      = 1999
}

@inproceedings{Riezler:98,
   author    = "Stefan Riezler",
   title     = "Statistical Inference and Probabilistic Modelling for
    Constraint-Based {NLP}",
   booktitle = "Proceedings of {KONVENS 98}",
   year      = 1998,
   address   = "Bonn"
}

@InProceedings{Riezler/Johnson:99,
  author    = "Mark Johnson and Stuart Geman and Stephen Canon and Chiyi
Chi and Stefan Riezler",
  title     = "Estimators for Stochastic ``Unification-Based'' Grammars",
  booktitle = acl99,
  year      = 1999,
  address   = acl99o
}

@InProceedings{Riezler/Johnson:00,
  author    = "Stefan Riezler and Detlef Prescher and Jonas Kuhn and Mark Johnson",
  title     = "Lexicalized Stochastic Modeling of Constraint-Based Grammars using Log-Linear Measures and {EM} Training",
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  year      = 2000,
  address   = {Hong Kong}
}

@InProceedings{Riezler/Johnson:02,
  author    = "Stefan Riezler and Tracy H. King and Ronald M. Kaplan and Richard Crouch and John T. Maxwell III and Mark Johnson",
  title     = "Parsing the Wall Street Journal using a Lexical-Functional Grammar and Discriminative Estimation Techniques",
  booktitle = acl02,
  year      = 2002,
  address   = acl02o
}

@InProceedings{Riley:89,
  author    = "Michael D. Riley",
  title     = "Some applications of tree-based modelling to speech
		  and language indexing",
  pages     = "339--352",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language
		  Workshop",
  year      = 1989,
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann"
}

@Misc{Riley:94,
  author    = "Michael D. Riley and Richard Sproat",
  title     = "Text Analysis Tools in Spoken Language Processing",
  howpublished = "Slides for ACL Tutorial",
  year      = 1994,
  note      = "available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cmp-lg/9406036"
}

@InProceedings{Ramshaw/Marcus:95,
  author    = "L. Ramshaw and M. Marcus",
  title     = "Text Chunking using transformation-based learning",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
  year      = 1995,
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages     = "82--94"
}

@PhdThesis{Resnik:93,
  author    = "Philip Resnik",
  title     = "Selection and Information: A Class-Based Approach to Lexical Relationships",
  school    = "University of Pennsylvania",
  year      = 1993
}


@InCollection{Resnik:06,
  author = 	 {Philip Resnik},
  title = 	 {Word Sense Disambiguation in {NLP} Applications},
  booktitle = 	 {Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  year = 	 2006,
  editor = 	 {Eneko Agirre and Philip Edmonds}}


@InProceedings{Resnik:97,
  author    = "Philip Resnik",
  title     = "Selectional preference and sense disambiguation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the ANLP Workshop on Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics: Why, What, and How?",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Washington D.C."
}


@InProceedings{Ratnaparkhi:96,
  author = 	 "Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
  title = 	 "A maximum entropy model for part-of-speech tagging",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  year =	 1996,
  organization = "University of Pennsylvania"
}

@InProceedings{Reynar:97,
  author    = "Jeffrey C. Reynar and Adwait Ratnaparkhi",
  title     = "A Maximum Entropy Approach to Identifying Sentence Boundaries",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Washington, D.C."
}

@Article{Rissanen78,
  author    = "J. Rissanen",
  title     = "Modelling by shortest data description",
  journal   = "Automatica",
  year      = 1978,
  volume    = 14,
  pages     = "465--471"
}


@Book{RocheSchabes:97,
  author = 	 "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
  title = 	 "Finite-State Language Processing",
  publisher = 	 "MIT Press",
  year = 	 1997
}

@InProceedings{Roth:98,
  author = 	 "Dan Roth and Dmitry Zelenko",
  title = 	 "Part of speech tagging using a network of linear separators",
  booktitle = 	 acl98,
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 acl98o,
  pages =	 "1136--1142"
}

@Unpublished{Rooth:92,
  author    = "Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Statistical {NP} Tagging",
  note      = "unpublished manuscript",
  year      = 1992
}

@InCollection{Rooth:98,
  author    = "Mats Rooth",
  title     = "Two-Dimensional Clusters in Grammatical Relations",
  booktitle = "Inducing Lexicons with the {EM} Algorithm",
  publisher = "University of Stuttgart, Germany",
  year      = 1998,
  volume    = 4,
  series    = "AIMS: Arbeitspapiere des Instituts f{\"ur} maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung"
}

@InProceedings{LSC:99,
  author    = "Mats Rooth and Stefan Riezler and Detlef Prescher and Glenn Carroll and Franz Beil",
  title     = "Inducing a Semantically Annotated Lexicon via {EM}-based Clustering",
  booktitle = acl99,
  year      = 1999,
  address   = acl99o
}

@Book{Rumelhart:84,
  author    = "D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland",
  title     = "Parallel Distributed Processing",
  publisher = "MIT-Press",
  year      = 1984,
  address   = "Cambridge, MA"
}

@Article{Graham/Harrison/Ruzzo,
  author    = "S.L. Graham and M.A. Harrison and W.L. Ruzzo",
  title     = "An Improved Context-Free Recognizer",
  journal   = "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems",
  year      = 1980,
  volume    = 2,
  number    = 3,
  pages     = "415--462"
}

@InProceedings{Lee:00,
  author = 	 "Sang-Zoo Lee and Jun-ichi Tsujii and Hae-Chang Rim",
  title = 	 "Lexicalized Hidden {Markov} Models for Part-of-Speech Tagging",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year =	 2000,
  address =	 "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages =	 "481-487"
}

@TechReport{Schiller:95,
  author    = "Anne Schiller",
  title     = "{DMOR:} {B}enutzeranleitung",
  institution = "Institut {f\"ur} maschinelle {S}prach\-ver\-ar\-bei\-tung,
		  {Universit{\"a}t} Stuttgart", 
  note      = "(in German)",
  year      = 1995
}

@InProceedings{Schiller:96,
author    = "Anne Schiller",
title     = "Deutsche {Flexions-} und {Kompositionsmorphologie} mit {PC-KIMMO}",  
editor    = "Hausser, Roland",
booktitle = "{Proceedings, 1. {M}orpholympics, Erlangen, 7./8. M{\"a}rz 1994}",
publisher = "Niemeyer",
address   = "T{\"u}bingen",
year      = 1996,
}

@InProceedings{Schiehlen:96,
  author    = "Michael Schiehlen",
  title     = "Semantic Construction from Parse Forests",
  booktitle = coling96,
  year      = 1996,
  address   = coling96o
}

@InProceedings{Schiehlen:03,
  author    = "Michael Schiehlen",
  title     = "Combining Deep and Shallow Approaches in Parsing {G}erman",
  booktitle = acl03,
  year      = 2003,
  address   = acl03o,
  pages     = "112--119"
}

@InProceedings{Schiehlen:04,
  author = 	 "Michael Schiehlen",
  title = 	 "Annotation Strategies for Probabilistic Parsing in {G}erman",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Geneva, Switzerland",
  pages =	 "390--396"
}

@InProceedings{deko,
  author = 	 "Tanja Schmid and Anke L{\"u}deling and Bettina S{\"a}uberlich and Ulrich Heid and Bernd M{\"o}bius",
  title = 	 "{DeKo: Ein System zur Analyse komplexer W{\"o}rter}",
  booktitle = 	 "GLDV - Jahrestagung 2001",
  pages =        "49--57",
  keywords =	 "DeKo, intern, Phonetik",
  year = 	 2001
}

@Book{Schuetze/Manning,
  author    = "Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze",
  title     = "Foundations of statistical natural language processing",
  publisher = "The MIT Press",
  year      = 1999,
  address   = "Cambridge, Ma"
}

@InProceedings{Schütze93wordspace,
    author = {Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
    title = {Word Space},
    booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5},
    year = {1993},
    pages = {895--902},
    publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}
}

@InProceedings{Schuetze:92,
 author = {Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
 title = {Dimensions of Meaning},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/IEEE
                  Conference on Supercomputing},
 year = {1992},
 pages = {787--796},
 location = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
 publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
 address = {Los Alamitos, CA},
 }

@MastersThesis{Schulte:98,
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "Automatic semantic classification of verbs according to their alternation behaviour",
  school    = "Institute for Computational Linguistics (IMS-CL), University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 1998,
  address   = "Stuttgart, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{SchulteImWalde:00,
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "Clustering Verbs Semantically According to their Alternation Behaviour",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
  year      = 2000,
  address   = "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany",
  pages     = "747--753"
}

@Book{SchulteImWalde:00b,
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "The {G}erman Statistical Grammar Model: Development, Training and Linguistic Exploitation",
  publisher = "Institut f{\"u}r Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  year      = 2000,
  number    = 162,
  series    = "Arbeitspapiere des {S}onderforschungsbereiches 340"
}

@InProceedings{SchulteImWalde:02,
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "A Subcategorisation Lexicon for {G}erman Verbs induced from a Lexicalised {PCFG}",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation",
  year      = 2002,
  address   = "Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain",
  volume    = "IV",
  pages     = "1351--1357",
}

@InProceedings{SchulteImWalde:02b,
  author    = "Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Chris Brew",
  title     = "Inducing {G}erman Semantic Verb Classes from Purely Syntactic Subcategorisation Information",
  booktitle = acl02,
  year      = 2002,
  address   = acl02o
}


@InProceedings{SchulteImWalde:02c,
  author    = "Chris Brew and Sabine {Schulte im Walde}",
  title     = "Spectral Clustering for {G}erman Verbs",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
  year      = 2002,
  address   = "Philadelphia, PA",
  month     = "July"
}

@InProceedings{PATR,
  author    = "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title     = "The Design of a Computer Language for Linguistic Information",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (ACL)",
  year      = 1984,
  organization = "Stanford University",
  address   = "Stanford, California"
}

@InProceedings{Shieber:85,
  author    = "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title     = {Using restriction to extend parsing algorithms
    for complex-feature-based formalisms},
  booktitle = "acl85",
  year      = 1985,
  address   = "acl85o",
  pages     = "145--152"
}

@CONFERENCE{Shieber88a,
  AUTHOR    = "Stuart M. Shieber",
  TITLE     = "A uniform architecture for parsing and generation",
  year      = 1988,
  booktitle = coling88,
  address   = coling88o,
  pages     = "614--619"
}

@Book{Shieber:92,
  author    = "Stuart M. Shieber",
  title     = "Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms: Parsing and Type Inference for Natural and Computer Language",
  publisher = "The MIT Press",
  year      = 1992,
  address   = "Cambridge, Ma."
}

@InProceedings{Simard98,
  author = 	 "Michel Simard",
  title = 	 "Automatic Insertion of Accents in {French} Texts",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)",
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 "Granada, Spain"
}

@InProceedings{Singer:96,
  author    = "Fernando C. Pereira and Yoram Singer and Naftali Tishby",
  title     = "Beyond word {N}-grams",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
  editor    = "K. Church, S.Armstrong, P. Isabelle, E. Tzoukermann, D. Yarowski",
  year      = 1995,
  publisher = "Kluwer Academic Press"
}

@Article{Smadja93,
  author    = "Frank Smadja",
  title     = "Retrieving collocations from text: Xtract",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 1,
  month     = "March",
  pages     = "143--177"
}

@InProceedings{Stevenson/Merlo:99,
  author    = "Suzanne Stevenson and Paola Merlo",
  title     = "Automatic {V}erb {C}lassification {U}sing {D}istributions of {G}rammatical {F}eatures",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the European
                  Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)",
  year      = 1999,
  pages     = "45--52"
}

@Manual{Alep2:94,
  title     = "{ALEP}-2 User Guide",
  author    = "Neil K. Simpkins",
  organization = "CEU",
  address   = "Luxembourg",
  year      = 1994,
  note      = "This dokument is online available at http://www.anite-systems.lu/alep/doc/index.html"
}

@techreport{Stolcke:94,
  author    = "Andreas Stolcke and Stephen M. Omohundro",
  title     = "Best-first Model Merging for Hidden {M}arkov Model
		  Induction",
  type      = "ICSI Technical Report",
  number    = "94--003",
  institution = "ICSI",
  address   = "Berkeley, CA 94704",
  year      = 1994
}

@article{Stolcke:95,
    author =  {Andreas Stolcke},
    title =   {An Efficient Probabilistic Context-Free Parsing Algorithm
                  that Computes Prefix Probabilities},
    journal = {Computational Linguistics},
    year =    {1995},
    volume =  {21},
    pages =   {165--201}
}

@InProceedings{Tapanainen:94,
  author    = "Pasi Tapanainen and Atro Voutilainen",
  title     = "Tagging accurately - Don't guess if you know",
  pages     = "47--52",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Applied Natural
		  Language Processing",
  year      = 1994,
  address   = "Stuttgart, Germany",
  organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  publisher = "Morgan Kaufmann"
}

@book{Tomita:86,
  author    = "Masaru Tomita",
  title     = "Efficient Parsing for Natural Languages",
  publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year      = 1986,
  address   = "Boston"
}

@article{Tomita:87,
  author    = "Masaru Tomita",
  title     = "An Efficient Augmented-Context-Free Parsing Algorithm",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  volume    = 13,
  number    = "1--2",
  pages     = "31--46",
  year      = 1987
}

@incollection{Tomita:91,
  author    = "Masaru Tomita and See-Kiong Ng",
  title     = "The Generalized {LR} Parsing Algorithm",
  editor    = "Tomita, Masaru",
  booktitle = "Generalized LR Parsing",
  publisher = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year      = 1991,
  address   = "Boston",
  pages     = "1--16"
}

@Article{vanSanten:1994,
  author = 	 "Jan P.H. van Santen",
  title = 	 "Assignment of segmental duration in text-to-speech
synthesis",
  journal = 	 "Computer Speech and Language",
  year = 	 1994
}

@Book{Vapnik:95,
  author    = "Vladimir N. Vapnik",
  title     = "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory",
  publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
  address   = "New York, NY",
  year      = 1995
}

@Article{Viterbi:67,
  author    = "A. J. Viterbi",
  title     = "Error bounds for convolutional codes and an
		  asymptotically optimal decoding algorithm",
  journal   = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
  year      = 1967,
  volume    = 13,
  pages     = "260--269",
  month     = "April"
}


@Article{Weischedel:93,
  author    = "Ralph Weischedel and Marie Meteer and Richard
		  Schwartz and Lance Ramshaw and Jeff Palmucci",
  title     = "Coping with Ambiguity and Unknown Words through
		  Probabilistic Models",
  journal   = "Computational Linguistics",
  year      = 1993,
  volume    = 19,
  number    = 2,
  pages     = "359--382"
}

@TechReport{Wothke:93,
  author    = "Klaus Wothke and Ilona Weck-Ulm and Johannes
		  Reinecke and Oliver Mertineit and Thomas Pachunke",
  title     = "Statistically based automatic tagging of {G}erman text
		  corpora with part-of-speech - some experiments",
  institution = "IBM Scientific Center",
  year      = 1993,
  number    = "TR 75.93.02",
  address   = "Heidelberg, Germany"
}
Presented at the {C}hinese Language Processing Workshop, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 30 June to 2 July 1998. Current draft at http://www.cs.ust.hk/~dekai/papers/segmentation.html.)


@Misc{Wu98,
  author =	 "Dekai Wu",
  title =	 "A Position Statement on {C}hinese Segmentation",
  howpublished = "Presented at the {C}hinese Language Processing Workshop, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 30 June to 2 July 1998. Current draft at http://www.cs.ust.hk/~dekai/papers/segmentation.html",
  year =	 1998
}

@Article{Younger:67,
  author    = "D. H. Younger",
  title     = "Recognition of context-free languages in time $n^3$",
  journal   = "Information and Control",
  year      = 1967,
  volume    = 10,
  pages     = "189--208"
}

@TechReport{Wahlster:93,
  author    = "Wolfgang Wahlster",
  title     = "{V}erbmobil-{T}ranslation of {F}ace-to-{F}ace {D}ialogs",
  institution = "German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)",
  year      = 1993,
  month     = "July",
  note      = "In Proceedings of MT Summit IV,Kobe,Japan"
}

@Article{Wang/Hirschberg:1992,
  author = 	 {Wang  and Hirschberg},
  title = 	 {Automatic classification of intonational phrase
boundaries},
  journal = 	 {Computer Speech and Language},
  year = 	 1992,
  volume = 	 6,
  pages = 	 {175--196},
  month =	 6
}

@InProceedings{Zeman:02,
  author = 	 "Daniel Zeman",
  title = 	 "Can subcategorization help a statistical dependency parser?",
  booktitle = 	 coling02,
  year =	 2002,
  address =	 "Taipei, Japan",
  pages =	 "1--7"
}

@InProceedings{EuroWordNet,
  author    = "Piek Vossen",
  title     = "EuroWordNet: a multilingual database for information retrieval",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third DELOS Workshop on Cross-Language Information Retrieval",
  year      = 1997,
  address   = "Z{\"u}rich",
  month     = "March"
}

@MastersThesis{Wurster,
  author    = "Melvin Wurster",
  title     = "Entwicklung einer {W}ortbildungsgrammatik f{\"u}r das {D}eutsche in {YAP}",
  school    = "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  year      = 2003,
  address   = "Germany",
  type      = "Diploma thesis",
  month     = "January"
}

@PhdThesis{Veilleux:1994,
  author = 	 "N.~M. Veilleux",
  title = 	 "Computational Models of the Prosody/Syntax Mapping for Spoken Language Systems",
  school = 	 "Boston University College of Engineering",
  year = 	 1994
}


@InCollection{,
  author = 	 {},
  title = 	 {},
  booktitle = 	 {},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTyear = 	 {},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  OPTchapter = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTedition = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InCollection{Margineantu:02,
  author = 	 {D. D. Margineantu and T. G. Dietterich},
  title = 	 {Improved class probability estimates from decision tree models},
  booktitle = 	 {Nonlinear Estimation and Classification},
  pages = 	 {169--184},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 	 2002,
  editor = 	 {D. D. Denison and M. H. Hansen and C. C. Holmes and B. Mallick and B. Yu},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Statistics},
  volume = 	 171,
  address = 	 {New York}}

@Article{Ostendorf/Veilleux:1994,
  author = 	 "M. Ostendorf and N. Veilleux",
  title = 	 "A hierarchical stochastic model for automatic predictions of prosodic boundary location",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 1994,
  volume =	 20,
  number =	 1
}

@InProceedings{Veilleux/etal:1990,
  author = 	 "N. Veilleux and M. Ostendorf and P. Price and S. Shattuck-Hufnagel",
  title = 	 "{M}arkov modeling of prosodic phrase structure",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)",
  year =	 1990
}

@InProceedings{Fordyce/Ostendorf:1998,
  author = 	 "C. Fordyce and M. Ostendorf",
  title = 	 "Prosody prediction for speech synthesis using transformational rule-based learning",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP)",
  year =	 1998
}

@Article{Ross/Ostendorf:1996,
  author = 	 "K. Ross and M. Ostendorf",
  title = 	 "Prediction of abstract prosodic labels for speech
synthesis",
  journal = 	 "Computer Speech and Language",
  year = 	 1996
}

@Book{Breiman:1984,
  author = 	 "L. Breiman and J.~H. Friedman and R.~A. Olshen and C.~J. Stone",
  title = 	 "Classification and Regression Trees",
  publisher = 	 "Wadsworth and Brooks, Pacific Grove CA",
  year = 	 1984
}

@article{Breiman96,
    author = "Leo Breiman",
    title = "Bagging Predictors",
    journal = "Machine Learning",
    volume = "24",
    number = "2",
    pages = "123-140",
    year = "1996"
}

@Article{Breiman:01,
  author = 	 {Leo Breiman},
  title = 	 {Random Forests},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 2001,
  volume = 	 45,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 {5--32}}

@MastersThesis{Fordyce:1998,
  author = 	 "C.~S. Fordyce",
  title = 	 "Prosody prediction for speech synthesis using transformational rule-based learning",
  school = 	 "Boston University College of Engineering",
  year = 	 1998
}

@Article{Lee/Oh:1999,
  author = 	 "S. Lee and Y.-H. Oh",
  title = 	 "Tree-based modeling of prosodic phrasing and segmental duration for Korean {TTS} systems",
  journal = 	 "Speech Communication",
  year = 	 1999,
  volume =	 28,
  pages =	 "283--300"
}

@InProceedings{Sun/Applebaum:2001,
  author = 	 "X. Sun and T.~H. Applebaum",
  title = 	 "Intonational phrase break prediction using decision tree and n-gram model",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech)",
  year =	 2001,
  address =	 "Aalborg, Denmark"
}

@InProceedings{Chen/etal:2001,
  author = 	 "W. Chen and F. Lin and J. Li and B. Zhang",
  title = 	 "A new prosodic phrasing model for {C}hinese {TTS} systems",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 6th natural language pprocessing pacific
  rim symposium",
  year =	 2001,
  address =	 "Tokyo, Japan"
}

@Article{Chu/Qian:2001,
  author = 	 "M. Chu and Y. Qian",
  title = 	 "Locating boundaries for prosodic constituents in unrestricted mandarin texts",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics and {C}hinese Language Processing",
  year = 	 2001,
  volume =	 6,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 "61--82"
}

@InProceedings{Daelemans:96,
  author = 	 "Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel and Peter Berck and Steven Gillis",
  title = 	 "{MBT}: A Memory-Based Part of Speech Tagger-Generator",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Very Large Corpora",
  editor =	 "Eva Ejerhed and Ido Dagan",
  year =	 1996,
  address =	 "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =	 "14--27"
}

@Article{daelemans:1999,
  author = 	 "Walter Daelemans",
  title = 	 "Introduction to the special issue on memory-based language
  processing",
  journal = 	 "Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI",
  year = 	 1999,
  volume =	 11,
  number =	 3,
  pages =	 "287--296"
}

@InProceedings{Marsi/etal:2003,
  author = 	 "E. Marsi and M. Reynaert and A. van~den~Bosch and Walter Daelemans and V. Hoste",
  title = 	 "Learning to predict pitch accents and prosodic boundaries in {D}utch",
  booktitle = 	 acl03,
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 acl03o,
  pages =        "489--496"
}



@InProceedings{coeltekin2010,
  author = 	 {\c{C}a\u{g}r{\i} \c{C}{\"o}ltekin},
  title = 	 {A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer for {Turkish}},
  booktitle =    {LREC},
  year = 	 2010
}

@InProceedings{Maragoudakis/etal:2003,
  author = 	 "M. Maragoudakis and P. Zervas and N. Fakotakis and G. Kokkinakis",
  title = 	 "A data-driven framework for intonational phrase break prediction",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue (TSD 2003)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic"
}

@Article{Roach:1994,
  author =       {P. Roach and  G. Knowles and T. Varadi and S. Arnfield},
  title =        {{MARSEC}: a Machine-Readable Spoken {English}
  Corpus},
  journal =      {Journal of the International Phonetic Association},
  year =         1994,
  volume =       24,
  number =	 24,
  pages =        {47-53},
}

@InCollection{tenHackenLued2002,
   author =       "Pius ten Hacken and Anke L{\"u}deling",
   title =        "Word Formation in Computational Linguistics",
   booktitle =    "Proceedings of Traitement Automatique de 
Langue Naturelle",
   year =         2002,
   volume =       2,
   pages =        "61-87",
   address =      {Nancy, Frankreich},
}

@TechReport{Mayer:1995,
  author = 	 "J{\"o}rg Mayer",
  title = 	 "Transcription of {G}erman Intonation -- The Stuttgart System",
  institution =  "Institute for Computational Linguistics, University of Stuttgart",
  year = 	 1995
}


@Misc{CELEX,
  author =	 "R.H. Baayen and R. Piepenbrock and L. Gulikers",
  title =	 "The {CELEX} Lexical Database (Release 2)",
  howpublished = "Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania (Distributor)",
  year =	 1995
}

@InProceedings{Negra,
  author = 	 "Wojciech Skut and  Thorsten Brants and  Brigitte Krenn and Hans Uszkoreit",
  title = 	 "A linguistically interpreted corpus of {G}erman newspaper text",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI), Workshop on Recent Advances in Corpus Annotation",
  year =	 1998
}

@InProceedings{Fu/Luke:03,
  author = 	 "Guohong Fu  and  Kang-Kwong Luke",
  title = 	 "A Two-stage Statistical Word Segmentation System for {C}hinese",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "156--159"
}

@InProceedings{Wu/Zhao/Xu:03,
  author = 	 "Youzheng Wu and Jun Zhao and Bo Xu",
  title = 	 "{C}hinese Named Entity Recognition Combining a Statistical Model with Human Knowledge",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Multilingual and Mixed-language Named Entity Recognition: Combining Statistical and Symbolic Models",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "65--72"
}

@InProceedings{Sun:02,
  author    = "Jian Sun and Jianfeng Gao and Lei Zhang and Ming Zhou and Changning Huang",
  title     = "{C}hinese Named Entity Identification Using Class-based Language Model",
  booktitle = coling02,
  year      = 2002,
  address   = coling02o,
  pages     = "967--973"
}

@InProceedings{Wei/Chen:03,
  author = 	 "Wei-Yun Ma  and  Keh-Jiann Chen",
  title = 	 "Introduction to {CKIP} {C}hinese Word Segmentation System for the First International {C}hinese Word Segmentation Bakeoff",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "168-171"
}

@InProceedings{Zhang:03,
  author = 	 "Hua-Ping Zhang and Qun Liu and Xue-Qi Cheng and Hao Zhang  and  Hong-Kui Yu",
  title = 	 "{C}hinese Lexical Analysis Using Hierarchical Hidden {Markov} Model",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "63--70"
}

@Article{Sproat:96,
  author = 	 "Richard Sproat and William Gales and Chilin Shih and Nancy Chang",
  title = 	 "A Stochastic Finite-State Word-Segmentation Algorithm for {C}hinese",
  journal = 	 "Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 1996,
  volume =	 22,
  number =	 3,
  month =	 "September",
  pages =	 "377-404"
}

@Book{Sproat:1998,
  title = 	 {Multilingual Text-to-Speech Synthesis: The {B}ell
                  {L}abs Approach},
  editor = 	 {Sproat, Richard},
  publisher = 	 {Kluwer},
  year = 	 1998,
  address =	 {Dordrecht}
}

@InProceedings{Xue:03,
  author = 	 "Nianwen Xue  and  Libin Shen",
  title = 	 "{C}hinese Word Segmentation as {LMR} Tagging",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "176--179"
}

@inproceedings{Yarowsky95,
  author = {Yarowsky, David},
  title = {Unsupervised word sense disambiguation rivaling supervised methods},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                  Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {189--196},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}
}

@PhdThesis{Yli-Jyrae:05,
  author = 	 "Anssi Yli-Jyr{\"a}",
  title = 	 "Contributions to the Theory of Finite-State Based Grammars",
  school = 	 "Department of General Linguistics, University of Helsinki",
  year = 	 2005,
  address =	 "Finland"
}

@InProceedings{Yli-Jyrae:04,
  author = 	 "Anssi M. Yli-Jyr{\"a} And Kimmo Koskenniemi",
  title = 	 "Compiling contextual restrictions on strings into finite-state automata",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Eindhoven {FASTAR} Days",
  editor =	 "Loek Cleophas and Bruce. W. Watson",
  volume =	 04,
  series =	 "Computer Science Reports",
  year =	 2004,
  publisher =	 "Technische Universiteit Eindhoven",
  address =	 "Eindhoven, Netherlands"
}

@InProceedings{Asahara:03,
  author = 	 "Masayuki Asahara and Chooi-Ling Goh and Xiaojie Wang  and  Yuji Matsumoto",
  title = 	 "Combining Segmenter and Chunker for {C}hinese Word Segmentation",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "144--147"
}

@InProceedings{Wu:03,
  author = 	 "Andi Wu",
  title = 	 "{C}hinese Word Segmentation in {MSR-NLP}",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Second {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2003,
  address =	 "Sapporo, Japan",
  pages =	 "172--175"
}

@InProceedings{Goh:04,
  author = 	 "Chooi-Ling Goh and Masayuki Asahara and Yuji Matsumoto",
  title = 	 "{C}hinese Word Segmentation by Classification of Characters",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Third {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Barcelona, Spain",
  pages =	 "57--64"
}

@InProceedings{Feng:04,
  author = 	 "Feng Jiang and Hui Liu and Yuquan Chen and Ruzhan Lu",
  title = 	 "An Enhanced Model for {C}hinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging",
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the Third {SIGHAN} Workshop on {C}hinese Language Processing (ACL)",
  year =	 2004,
  address =	 "Barcelona, Spain",
  pages =	 "28--32"
}

@InCollection{Blevins:1995,
  author = 	 {Juliette Blevins},
  title = 	 {The syllable in phonological theory},
  booktitle = 	 {The Handbook of Phonological Theory},
  editor = 	 {Goldsmith, John~A.},
  publisher = 	 {Blackwell},
  year = 	 1995,
  address =	 {Cambridge, MA; Oxford},
  pages =	 {206--244}
}

@Article{Bouma:2003,
  author = 	 {Gosse Bouma},
  title = 	 {Finite state methods for hyphenation},
  journal = 	 {Natural Language Engineering},
  year = 	 2003,
  volume =	 9,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {5--20}
}

@InCollection{Clements:1990,
  author = 	 {George Nick Clements},
  title = 	 {The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification},
  booktitle = 	 {Papers in Laboratory Phonology {I}: {B}etween the Grammar
		  and Physics of Speech},
  publisher = 	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 	 1990,
  editor = 	 {Kingston, John and Beckman, Mary~E.},
  address =	 {Cambridge, Great Britain},
  pages =	 {283--333}
}

@InCollection{Daelemans/Bosch:1992,
  author = 	 {Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch},
  title = 	 {Generalisation performance of back-propagation
                  learning on a syllabification task},
  booktitle = 	 {TWLT3: Connectionism and Natural Language Processing},
  pages =	 {27--37},
  publisher =	 {Twente University},
  year =	 1992,
  editor =	 {Drossaers, M.~F.~J. and Nijholt, A.},
  address =	 {Enschede, The Netherlands}
}

@Article{Greenberg:1999,
  author = 	 {Steven Greenberg},
  title = 	 {Speaking in shorthand---A syllable-centric
                  perspective for understanding pronunciation variation},
  journal = 	 {Speech Communication},
  year = 	 1999,
  volume =	 29,
  number =	 {2--4},
  pages =	 {159--176}
}

@PhdThesis{Kahn:1976,
  author = 	 {Daniel Kahn},
  title = 	 {Syllable-based generalizations in {E}nglish phonology},
  school = 	 {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  year = 	 1976,
  address =	 {Cambridge, MA}
}

@Unpublished{Marchand/Damper:2006,
  author = 	 {Yannick Marchand and Robert I. Damper },
  title = 	 {Can syllabification improve pronunciation by analogy
		  of {English}?},
  year =	 2006,
  note =	 {Journal of Natural Language Engineering, published online 10 Jan 2006}
}

@Article{Mobius:1999,
  author =       {Bernd M{\"o}bius},
  title =        {The {B}ell {L}abs {G}erman text-to-speech system},
  journal =      {Computer Speech and Language},
  year =         1999,
  volume =       13,
  pages =        {319--358}
}

@Book{CAC,
  author = 	 {Barbora Vidov{\'a} Hladk{\'a} and Jan Hajic and Jir{\'i} Hana and Jaroslava Hlav{\'a}cov{\'a} and Jir{\'i} M{\'i}rovsk{\'y} and 
Jan Votrubec},
  title = 	 {Czech Academic Corpus 1.0 Guide},
  publisher = 	 {Karolinum Press},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Prag, Czechia}}

@InCollection{FrenchTB,
  author = 	 {Anne Abeill{\'e} and L. Cl{\'e}ment and F. Toussenel},
  title = 	 {Building a treebank for {French}},
  booktitle = 	 {Treebanks},
  publisher =    {Kluwer},
  year = 	 2003,
  editor = 	 {Anne Abeill{\'e}},
  address = 	 {Dordrecht}}

@InProceedings{Abeille/Barrier:2004,
    Author = {Abeillé, Anne and Barrier, Nicolas},
    Title = {Enriching a {French} Treebank},
    Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
    address =	 "Lisbon, Portugal",
    Year = 2004
} 

@Book{Cover/Thomas,
  author = 	 {Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas},
  title = 	 {Elements of Information Theory},
  publisher = 	 {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 	 1991}
 
@Article{Mantaras:91,
  author = 	 {R. L{\'o}pez De M{\'a}ntaras},
  title = 	 {A Distance-Based Attribute Selection Measure for Decision Tree Induction},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 1991,
  volume = 	 6,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 {81--92}}

@Article{Mingers:87,
  author = 	 {John Mingers},
  title = 	 {Expert Systems -- Rule Induction With Statistical Data},
  journal = 	 {Journal of the Operational Research Society},
  year = 	 1987,
  volume = 	 38,
  pages = 	 {39--47}}


@Article{Mingers:89,
  author = 	 {John Mingers},
  title = 	 {An Empirical Comparison of Pruning Methods for Decision Tree Induction},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 1989,
  volume = 	 4,
  pages = 	 {227--243}}

@Article{Provost:03,
  author = 	 {Foster Provost and Pedro Domingos},
  title = 	 {Tree Induction for Probability-Based Ranking},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 2003,
  volume = 	 52,
  number = 	 3,
  pages = 	 {199--215}}


@InProceedings{Liang:06,
  author = 	 {Han Liang and Harry Zhang and Yuhong Yan},
  title = 	 {Decision Trees for Probability Estimation: An Empirical Study},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI06)},
  year = 	 2006,
  pages =        {756--764},
  address = 	 {Washington D.C.}}

@InProceedings{Ferri:03,
  author = 	 {C. Ferri and P. Flach and J. Hern{\'a}ndez-Orallo},
  title = 	 {Improving the {AUC} of Probabilistic Estimation Trees},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 14th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML)},
  pages = 	 {121--132},
  year = 	 2003}

@InProceedings{McCarthy:95,
  author = 	 {J. F. McCarthy and W. G. Lehnert},
  title = 	 {Using Decision Trees for Coreference Resolution},
  booktitle = {Processings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)},
  pages = 	 {1050--1055},
  year = 	 1995}

@InProceedings{Bechet:00,
  author = 	 {Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric B\'{e}chet and Alexis Nasr and Franck Genet},
  title = 	 {Tagging unknown proper names using decision trees},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  pages = 	 {77--84},
  year = 	 2000,
  address = 	 {Hong Kong}}


@Misc{Festival,
  author = 	 {Alan W. Black and Paul Taylor and R. Caley},
  title = 	 {The {Festival} speech synthesis system},
  howpublished = {http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/},
  year = 	 1998}

@InProceedings{Black:98,
  author = 	 {Alan W. Black and Kevin Lenzo and Vincent Pagel},
  title = 	 {Issues in Building General Letter to Sound Rules},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the ESCA Synthesis Workshop},
  year = 	 1998,
  pages =        {77--80},
  address = 	 {Jenolan Caves, Australia}}


@InProceedings{Busser:98,
  author = 	 {Bertjan Busser},
  title = 	 {TreeTalk-D: a machine learning approach to Dutch word pronunciation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Text Speech and Dialog (TSD)},
  pages = 	 {3--8},
  year = 	 1998,
  editor = 	 {P. Sojka and V. Matousek and K. Pala and I. Kopecek},
  address = 	 {Masaryk University, Czech Republic}}

@InProceedings{Bosch:93,
  author = 	 {Antal van den Bosch and Walter Daelemans},
  title = 	 {Data-oriented methods for grapheme-to-phoneme conversion},
  booktitle =    eacl93,
  year = 	 1993,
  pages = 	 {45--53},
  address = 	 eacl93o}

@inproceedings{Kim:00,
 author =	{Byeongchang Kim and Geunbae Lee},
 title =	{Decision-tree based error correction for statistical phrase break prediction in {Korean}},
 booktitle =	"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
 year =         {2000},
 pages =        {1051--1055},
 address =     "Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany"
}

@InProceedings{Sun:01,
  author = 	 {Xuejing Sun and Ted H. Applebaum},
  title = 	 {Intonational Phrase Break Prediction Using Decision Tree and N-Gram Model},
  booktitle = {"Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech)},
  pages = 	 {537--540},
  year = 	 2001,
  address = 	 {Aalborg, Denmark}}


@InProceedings{Suontausta:00,
  author = 	 {J. Suontausta and J. Hakkinenen},
  title = 	 {Decision Tree Based Text-to-Phoneme Mapping for Speech Recognition},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
                  Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP)},
  pages = 	 {831--834},
  year = 	 2000,
  address = 	 {Beijing, China}}


@InProceedings{Kienappel:01,
  author = 	 {A. K. Kienappel and R. Kneser},
  title = 	 {Designing Very Compact Decision Trees for
                  Grapheme-to-Phoneme Transcription},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eurospeech Conference},
  pages = 	 {1911--1914},
  year = 	 2001}

@Article{Bahl:89,
  author = 	 {Lalit R. Bahl and Peter F. Brown and Peter V. de Souza and Robert L. Mercer},
  title = 	 {A Tree-Based Statistical Language Model for Natural Language Speech Recognition},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing},
  year = 	 1989,
  volume = 	 37,
  number = 	 7,
  pages = 	 {1001--1008}}

@Article{Xu:06,
  author = 	 {Peng Xu and Frederick Jelinek},
  title = 	 {Random Forests and the data sparseness problem in language modeling},
  journal = 	 {Computer Speech and Language},
  year = 	 2006,
  volume = 	 21,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 {105--152}}

@inproceedings{Jelinek:94,
 author = {F. Jelinek and J. Lafferty and D. Magerman and R. Mercer and A. Ratnaparkhi and S. Roukos},
 title = {Decision tree parsing using a hidden derivation model},
 booktitle = {HLT: Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology},
 year = 1994,
 pages = {272--277},
 address = {Plainsboro, NJ},
 }

@InProceedings{Rios:04,
  author = 	 {Gordon Rios and Hongyuan Zha},
  title = 	 {Exploring support vector machines and random forests for spam detection},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Conference on Email and Anti-Spam (CEAS)},
  year = 	 2004,
  address = 	 {Mountain View, Ca.}}

@Article{Coussement:08,
 author = {Kristof Coussement and Dirk Van den Poel},
 title = {Churn prediction in subscription services: An application of support vector machines while comparing two parameter-selection techniques},
 journal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
 volume = 34,
 number = 1,
 year = 2008,
 pages = {313--327},
 publisher = {Pergamon Press, Inc.},
 address = {Tarrytown, NY}}


@InProceedings{Statnikov:07,
  author = 	 {Alexander Statnikov and Constantin F. Aliferis},
  title = 	 {Are Random Forests Better than Support Vector
                  Machines for Microarray-Based Cancer
                  Classification?},
  booktitle = {American Medical Informatics Association 2007 Proceedings},
  pages = 	 {686--690},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Chicago, IL}}

@Article{Bruce:07,
  author = 	 {Craig L. Bruce and James L. Melville and Stephen D. Pickett and Jonathan D. Hirst},
  title = 	 {Contemporary {QSAR} Classifiers Compared},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling},
  year = 	 2007,
  volume = 	 47,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 {219--227}}

@InProceedings{Spoustova:07,
  author    = {Drahom\'{i}ra Spoustov\'{a} and Jan Haji\v{c} and Jan Votrubec and Pavel Krbec and Pavel Kv\v{e}to\v{n}},
  title     = {The Best of Two Worlds: Cooperation of Statistical and Rule-Based Taggers for Czech},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Balto-Slavonic Natural Language Processing},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2007},
  address   = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  pages     = {67--74}}

@InProceedings{Hajic:01,
  author = 	 {Jan Haji\v{c} and Pavel Krbec and Karel Oliva and Pavel Kv\v{e}to\v{n} and Vladim\'{i}r Petkevi\v{c}},
  title = 	 {Serial Combination of Rules and Statistics: A Case Study in Czech Tagging},
  booktitle = acl01,
  year = 	 2001,
  address = 	 acl01o}

@InProceedings{Hajic:98,
  author = 	 {Jan Haji\v{c} and Barbora Vidov\'{a}-Hladk\'{a}},
  title = 	 {Tagging Inflective Languages: Prediction of Morphological Categories for a Rich, Structured Tagset},
  booktitle = acl98,
  year = 	 1998,
  address = 	 acl98o}

@InProceedings{Votrubec:06,
  author = 	 {Jan Votrubec},
  title = 	 {Morphological Tagging Based on Averaged Perceptron},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of
                  Doctoral Students (WDS)},
  pages = 	 {191--195},
  year = 	 2006}

@InProceedings{Haruno:98,
 author = {Haruno,, Masahiko and Shirai,, Satoshi and Ooyama,, Yoshifumi},
 title = {Using decision trees to construct a practical parser},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL-COLING},
 year = {1998},
 pages = {505--511},
 address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}
}

@InProceedings{Petrov:06,
   author    = {Petrov, Slav  and  Barrett, Leon  and  Thibaux, Romain  and  Klein, Dan},
   title     = {Learning Accurate, Compact, and Interpretable Tree Annotation},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING-ACL)},
   month     = {July},
   year      = {2006},
   address   = {Sydney, Australia},
   pages     = {433--440},
}

@InProceedings{PetrovKlein:07,
    author    = {Petrov, Slav  and  Klein, Dan},
    title     = {Improved Inference for Unlexicalized Parsing},
    booktitle = {Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Proceedings of the Main Conference},   
    month     = {April},
    year      = {2007},
    address   = {Rochester, New York},
    pages     = {404--411}
}

@InProceedings{PetrovKlein:08,
  author     = {Petrov, Slav  and  Klein, Dan},
  title      = {Parsing {German} with Latent Variable Grammars},
  booktitle  = {Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Parsing German},
  month      = {June},
  year       = {2008},
  address    = {Columbus, Ohio},
  pages      = {33--39}
}

@ARTICLE{Bikel:04,
    author = {Daniel M. Bikel},
    title = {Intricacies of {Collins}' parsing model},
    journal = {Computational Linguistics},
    year = {2004},
    volume = {30},
    pages = {479--511}
}

@InProceedings{Gildea:01,
  author = 	 {Daniel Gildea},
  title = 	 {Corpus Variation and Parser Performance},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods
                  in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)},
  pages = 	 {167--202},
  year = 	 2001,
  address = 	 {Pittsburgh, PA}}



@Misc{Scheible:09,
  author = 	 {Christian Scheible},
  title = 	 {Evaluating a Verb Clustering Model Using Pseudo Disambiguation},
  howpublished = {Studienarbeit, IMS, University of Stuttgart},
  year = 	 2009}

@InProceedings{Huang:08,
  author = {Huang, Liang},
  title = {Forest Reranking: Discriminative Parsing with Non-Local Features},
  booktitle =  "Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technology (ACL-08:HLT)",
  pages = {586--594},
  year = 	 2008,
  address = {Columbus, Ohio}
}

@inproceedings{McClosky:06,
  author = {McClosky, David and Charniak, Eugene and Johnson, Mark},
  title = {Reranking and self-training for parser adaptation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING-ACL)},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {337--344},
  address   = {Sydney, Australia},
 }

@InProceedings{Atterer:06,
  author = 	 {Michaela Atterer and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
  title = 	 {The Effect of Corpus Size in Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Training for Disambiguation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Main Conference, Poster Sessions},
  pages = 	 {25--32},
  year = 	 2006,
  address = 	 {Sydney, Australia}
}

@inproceedings{Chen/Palmer:05,
  author    = {Jinying Chen and Martha Stone Palmer},
  title     = {Towards Robust High Performance Word Sense Disambiguation
               of {English} Verbs Using Rich Linguistic Features},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference 
on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-05)}},
  year      = {2005},
  pages     = {933-944},
}

@inproceedings{Chen/Palmer:04,
 author = {Chen, Jinying and Palmer, Martha},
 title = {{C}hinese verb sense discrimination using an {EM} clustering
                  model with rich linguistic features},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
 year = {2004},
 address = {Barcelona, Spain}
 }

@inproceedings{Fung/Chen:06,
 author = {Pascale Fung and Benfeng Chen},
 title = {Robust word sense translation by {EM} learning of frame semantics},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Main Conference, poster sessions},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {239--246},
 address = {Sydney, Australia}
 }


@Book{DOPbook,
  editor = 	 {Rens Bod and Remko Scha and Khalil Sima'an},
  title = 	 {Data-Oriented Parsing},
  publisher = 	 {University  of Chicago Press},
  year = 	 2003}

@Article{Navigli:09,
  author = 	 {Roberto Navigli},
  title = 	 {Word Sense Disambiguation: a Survey},
  journal = 	 {ACM Computing Surveys},
  year = 	 2009,
  volume = 	 41,
  number = 	 2,
  pages = 	 {1--69}}

@Article{BriemEtAl:09,
  author = 	 {Daniela Briem and Britta Balliel and Brigitte Rockstroh and Miriam Butt and Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Ramin Assadollahi},
  title = 	 {Distinct Processing of Function Verb Categories in the Human Brain},
  journal = 	 {Brain Research},
  year = 	 {2009},
  volume = 	 {1249},
  pages = 	 {173--180},
  month = 	 {January}
}


@Article{BoledaEtAl:08,
  author = 	 {Gemma Boleda and Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Toni Badia},
  title = 	 {An Analysis of Human Judgements on Semantic Classification of {C}atalan Adjectives},
  journal = 	 {Research on Language and Computation. Special Issue on Ambiguity and Semantic Judgements},
  year = 	 {2008},
  volume = 	 {6},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {247--271}
}

@Article{CuloEtAl:08,
  author = 	 {Oliver Culo and Katrin Erk and Sebastian Pad{\'o} and Sabine {Schulte im Walde}},
  title = 	 {Comparing and Combining Semantic Verb Classifications},
  journal = 	 {Language Resources and Evaluation},
  year = 	 {2008},
  volume = 	 {42},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {265--291}
}

@InProceedings{ErkPado:08,
  author = 	 {Katrin Erk and Sebastian Pad{\'o}},
  title = 	 {A structured vector space model for word meaning in context},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)},
  pages = 	 {897--906},
  year = 	 2008,
  address = 	 {Honolulu, Hawaii}
}

@Book{HJCL:2008,
  editor    = {Ron Artstein  and  Gemma Boleda  and  Frank Keller  and  Sabine  {Schulte im Walde}},
  title     = {Proceedings of the {COLING} Workshop on Human Judgements in Computational Linguistics},
  month     = {August},
  year      = {2008},
  address   = {Manchester, Great Britain}
}

@Misc{Kilgarriff04,
  author = 	 {Adam Kilgarriff and P. Rychl{\'y} and P. Smrz and D. Tugwell},
  title = 	 {The {S}ketch {E}ngine},
  howpublished = {Paper presented at EURALEX, Lorient, France},
  year = 	 2004}

@InProceedings{IvanovaEtAl:08,
  author = 	 {Kremena Ivanova and Ulrich Heid and Sabine  {Schulte im Walde} and Adam Kilgarriff and Jan Pomik\'alek},
  title = 	 {Evaluating a {G}erman {S}ketch Grammar: A Case Study on Noun Phrase Case},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
  year = 	 {2008},
  address = 	 {Marrakech, Morocco},
}

@InProceedings{Roth/SchulteImWalde:08,
  author = 	 {Michael Roth and Sabine {Schulte im Walde}},
  title = 	 {Corpus Co-Occurrence, Dictionary and {W}ikipedia Entries as Resources for Semantic Relatedness Information},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
  pages = 	 {},
  year = 	 {2008},
  address = 	 {Marrakech, Morocco},
}

@InProceedings{BoledaEtAl:07,
  author = 	 {Gemma Boleda and Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Toni Badia},
  title = 	 {Modelling Polysemy in Adjective Classes by Multi-Label Classification},
  booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning},
  pages = 	 {171--180},
  year = 	 {2007},
  address = 	 {Prague, Czech Republic},
}


@Misc{Hartmann:08a,
  author = 	 {Silvana Hartmann, Sabine {Schulte im Walde}, Hans Kamp},
  title = 	 {Predicting the Degree of Compositionality of {G}erman Particle Verbs based on Empirical Syntactic and Semantic Subcategorization Transfer Patterns},
  howpublished = {Talk given at the KONVENS Workshop on
                  Lexical-Semantic and Ontological Resources},
  year = 	 2008}

@Misc{Balabanov:09,
  author = 	 {Alexandre Balabanov},
  title = 	 {Distinction of Argument and Adjunct Prepositional Phrases using the Predicate Argument Clustering Model},
  howpublished = {Internal report, IMS, University of Stuttgart},
  month = 	 {July},
  year = 	 2009}


@Article{Dagan+Lee+Pereira:99a,
  author = 	 {Ido Dagan and Lillian Lee and Fernando Pereira},
  title = 	 {Similarity-Based Models of Cooccurrence Probabilities},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 1999,
  volume={34},
  number={1-3},
  pages={43-69}
}

@article{Cimiano:05,
title = {Learning Concept Hierarchies from Text Corpora using Formal Concept Analysis},
author = {P. Cimiano and A. Hotho and S. Staab},
journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
pages = {305--339},
publisher = {AAAI Press},
volume = {24},
year = {2005},
issn = {1076-9757}
}

@InProceedings{Caraballo:99,
 author =       {Sharon A. Caraballo},
 title =        {Automatic construction of a hypernym-labeled noun hierarchy from text},
 booktitle =    {Proceedings of the 37th Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
 pages =        {120--126},
 year =         1999,
 address =      {College Park, MD}
}

@InProceedings{snow-jurafsky-ng:2006:COLACL,
 author    = {Snow, Rion  and  Jurafsky, Daniel  and  Ng, Andrew Y.},
 title     = {Semantic Taxonomy Induction from Heterogenous Evidence},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING-ACL)},
 year      = {2006},
 pages     = {801--808},
 address   = {Sydney, Australia},
} 

@InProceedings{Fraser:09,
  author = 	 {Alexander Fraser},
  title = 	 {Experiments in Morphosyntactic Processing for
                  Translating to and from {German}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Statistical Machine
Translation (EACL)},
  year = 	 2009,
  pages = {115--119},
  address = 	 {Athens, Greece}}

@InProceedings{CarpuatWu:07,
  author = 	 {Marine Carpuat and Dekai Wu},
  title = 	 {Context-Dependent Phrasal Translation Lexicons for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Machine Translation Summit XI},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Copenhagen, Denmark}}

@InProceedings{ChanNgChiang:07,
  author = 	 {Yee Seng Chan and Hwee Tou Ng and David Chiang},
  title = 	 {Word Sense Disambiguation Improves Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  pages = 	 {33--40},
  year = 	 2007,
  address = 	 {Prague, Czech Republic}}

@article{Scheible2010,
 title={{Pseudo-Disambiguation using Predicate Argument Clustering}},
 author={Scheible, C.},
 journal={Submitted on Nov 7, 2009, to the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
 year={2010}
} 

@Article{Cahill:08,
  author = 	 {Aoife Cahill and Michael Burke and Ruth O'Donovan and Stefan Riezler and Josef van Genabith and Andy Way},
  title = 	 {Wide-Coverage Deep Statistical Parsing using Automatic Dependency Structure Annotation},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2008,
  volume = 	 34,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 {81--124}
}

@InProceedings{BrockmannLapata:03,
 author =      "Carsten Brockmann and Mirella Lapata",
 title =      "Evaluating and Combining Approaches to Selectional Preference Acquisition",
 booktitle =      "Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
 year =      "2003",
 address =      "Budapest, Hungary",
 pages =      "27--34",
}

@InProceedings{KrennEvert:01,
 author =      "Brigitte Krenn and Stefan Evert",
 title =      "Can we do better than Frequency? A Case Study on Extracting {PP}-Verb Collocations",
 booktitle =      "Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Collocations",
 year =      "2001",
 address =      "Toulouse, France",
 pages =      "",
} 

@Misc{Hartmann:08b,
 author =      {Silvana Hartmann},
 title =      {Einfluss syntaktischer und semantischer {S}ubkategorisierung auf die {K}ompositionalit\"at von {P}artikelverben},
 howpublished = {Studienarbeit},
 note =         {Institut f\"ur Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung, Universit\"at Stuttgart},
 year =      {2008},
}

@Misc{HartmannEtAl:08,
 author =      {Silvana Hartmann and Sabine {Schulte im Walde} and Hans Kamp},
 title =      {Predicting the Degree of Compositionality of German Particle Verbs based on Empirical Syntactic and Semantic Subcategorization Transfer Patterns},
 howpublished = {Talk at the Konvens Workshop 'Lexical-Semantic and Ontological Resources - Maintenance, Representation, and Standards'},
 year =      {2008},
}

@Book{Stiebels:96,
 author =      "Barbara Stiebels",
 title =       {Lexikalische Argumente und Adjunkte. Zum semantischen Beitrag von verbalen Pr\"afixen und Partikeln},
 publisher =   "Akademie Verlag",
 year =        "1996",
 address =     {Berlin},
}

@InProceedings{Aldinger:04,
 author =      {Nadine Aldinger},
 title =      {Towards a Dynamic Lexicon: Predicting the Syntactic Argument Structure of Complex Verbs},
 booktitle =      {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
 pages =      {},
 year =      {2004},
 address =      {Lisbon, Portugal},
}

@InCollection{Harris:68,
 author =      "Zellig Harris",
 title =      "Distributional {S}tructure",
 booktitle =      "The Philosophy of Linguistics",
 publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
 year =      "1968",
 editor =      "Jerold J. Katz",
 series =      "Oxford Readings in Philosophy",
 pages =      "26--47",
}

@Book{Pinker:89,
 author =      {Steven Pinker},
 title =      {Learnability and Cognition: The Acquisition of Argument Structure},
 publisher =      {MIT Press},
 year =      {1989},
 address =      {Cambridge, MA},
}

@inproceedings{GalleyManning:2010,
 author = {Galley, Michel and Manning, Christopher D.},
 title = {Accurate non-hierarchical phrase-based translation},
 booktitle = {Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
 series = {HLT '10},
 year = {2010},
 location = {Los Angeles, California},
 pages = {966--974},
 numpages = {9},
 url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1857999.1858138},
 acmid = {1858138},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
} 

@ARTICLE{Brown93,
  AUTHOR  = {Peter F. Brown and Stephen A. {Della Pietra} and Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and R. L. Mercer},
  TITLE   = {The Mathematics of Statistical Machine Translation{:} Parameter Estimation},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  YEAR    = 1993,
  VOLUME  = 19,
  NUMBER  = 2,
  PAGES   = {263--311},
  URL     = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J93/J93-2003.pdf},
}

@ARTICLE{Och04,
AUTHOR = {Franz J. Och and Hermann Ney},
TITLE = {The Alignment Template Approach to Statistical Machine Translation},
JOURNAL= {Computational Linguistics}, 
NUMBER = 1,
VOLUME = 30,
YEAR = 2004,
PAGES = {417--449},
URL = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/0891201042544884},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Koehn03,
AUTHOR = {Philipp Koehn and Franz J. Och and Daniel Marcu},
TITLE = {Statistical Phrase-Based Translation},
BOOKTITLE= {Proceedings of the Human Language Technology and North American Association for Computational Linguistics Conference},
YEAR = 2003,
ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Canada},
pages     = {127--133},
URL = {http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/N/N03/N03-1017.pdf},
}

@inproceedings{Hiero,
 author = {David Chiang},
 title = {A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation},
 booktitle = ACL05,
 address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
 year = {2005},
 pages = {263--270},
}

@inproceedings{Crego05,
  author = {Josep M. Crego and Jos\'e B. Mari\^no and Adri\`a de Gispert}, 
  title = {Reordered Search and Unfolding Tuples for Ngram-based {SMT}},
  year = 2005,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Machine Translation Summit (MT Summit X)},
  pages = {283--289},
  address = {Phuket, Thailand}
}

@inproceedings{Tillmann04,
  author    = {Tillmann, Christoph},
  title     = {A Unigram Orientation Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {HLT-NAACL 2004: Short Papers},
  year      = 2004,
  address   = {Boston, Massachusetts},
  pages     = {101--104}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Yamada01,
AUTHOR = {Kenji Yamada and Kevin Knight},
BOOKTITLE = ACL01,
ADDRESS = {Toulouse, France},
YEAR = 2001,
TITLE = {A Syntax-based Statistical Translation Model},
PAGES = {523-530},
URL = {http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/projects/rewrite/syntax.ps},
}

@InProceedings{galley06,
 author = {Michel Galley and Jonathan Graehl and Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu and Steve DeNeefe and Wei Wang and Ignacio Thayer},
 title = {Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models},
 booktitle = ACL06,
 year = {2006},
 address = {Sydney, Australia},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 pages = {961--968},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{huang06:amta,
AUTHOR = {Liang Huang and Kevin Knight and Aravind Joshi},
TITLE = {Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality},
BOOKTITLE = {Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA)},
ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
YEAR = 2006,
}

@inproceedings{ding05:acl,
 author = {Yuan Ding and Martha Palmer},
 title = {Machine translation using probabilistic synchronous dependency insertion grammars},
 booktitle = ACL05,
 year = 2005,
 pages = {541--548},
 location = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
}

@inproceedings{lin04:coling,
 author = {Dekang Lin},
 title = {A path-based transfer model for machine translation},
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on
                    Computational Linguistics (COLING)",
 year = {2004},
 pages = {625--630},
 location = {Geneva, Switzerland},
}

@InProceedings{quirk05:acl,
  author = {Chris Quirk and Arul Menezes and Colin Cherry},
  title = {Dependency Treelet Translation: Syntactically Informed Phrasal {SMT}},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  year = {2005},
  pages     = {271--279},
}

@InProceedings{Genzel2010,
  author = 	 {Dmitriy Genzel},
  title = 	 {Source-side Reordering Rules for Large Scale Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
  year = 	 2010,
  address = 	 {Beijing,China}}

@InProceedings{collins05:acl,
  author    = {Michael Collins and Philipp Koehn and Ivona Ku\v{c}erov\'a},
  title     = {Clause Restructuring for Statistical Machine Translation},
  booktitle = ACL05,
  year      = {2005},
  address   = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  pages     = {531--540},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1066},
}

@inproceedings{crego05:mtsummit,
  author = {Josep M. Crego and Jos\'e B. Mari\^no and Adri\`a de Gispert}, 
  title = {Reordered Search and Unfolding Tuples for Ngram-based {SMT}},
  year = 2005,
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Machine Translation Summit (MT Summit X)},
  pages = {283--289},
  address = {Phuket, Thailand}
}

@Article{Crego06,
  author = 	 {Jos{\'e} N. Mari{\~n}o and Rafael E. Banchs and Josep M. Crego and Adri{\`a} de Gispert and Patrik Lambert and Jos{\'e} A. R. Fonollosa and Marta R. Costa-juss{\`a}},
  title = 	 {N-gram-based machine translation},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2006,
  volume = 	 32,
  number = 	 4,
  pages = 	 {527--549}}

@InProceedings{Versley/Rehbein:09,
  author = 	 {Yannick Versley and Ines Rehbein},
  title = 	 {Scalable Discriminative Parsing for German. International Conference on Parsing Technology},
  booktitle = 	 "Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Parsing Technologies (IWPT)",
  year = 	 2009,
  address = 	 {Paris, France}
}

@Book{PaGe:2008,
  editor    = {Sandra K\"{u}bler  and  Gerald Penn},
  title     = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Parsing German},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2008},
  address   = {Columbus, Ohio},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-10}
}

@InProceedings{RaffertyManning08,
  author    = {Rafferty, Anna  and  Manning, Christopher D.},
  title     = {Parsing Three {German} Treebanks: Lexicalized and Unlexicalized Baselines},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Parsing German},
  month     = {June},
  year      = {2008},
  address   = {Columbus, Ohio},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {40--46},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-1006}
}


@InProceedings{Menzel98,
  author = 	 {Wolfgang Menzel and Ingo Schr{\"o}der},
  title = 	 {Decision procedures for dependency parsing using graded constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the COLING-ACL '98 Workshop on
                  Processing of Dependency-Based Grammars},
  pages = 	 {78--87},
  year = 	 1998
}

@InProceedings{NivreHall08,
  author = 	 {Johan Hall and Joakim Nivre},
  title = 	 {A dependency-driven parser for German dependency and
                  constituency representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Parsing German},
  year = 	 2008}

@InProceedings{Duchier01,
  author = 	 {Denys Duchier and Ralph Debusmann},
  title = 	 {Topological dependency trees: a constraint-based
                  account of linear precedence},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the
                  Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  pages = 	 {180--187},
  year = 	 2001,
  address = 	 {Morristown, NJ, USA}
}

@inproceedings{Henderson:08,
  author = {James Henderson and Paola Merlo and Gabriele Musillo and
                  Ivan Titov},
  title = {A latent variable model of synchronous parsing for
                  syntactic and semantic dependencies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Computational
                  Natural Language Learning},
  series = {CoNLL '08},
  year = 2008,
  location = {Manchester, United Kingdom},
  pages = {178--182}
} 

@inproceedings{Seeker:10,
  author = {Wolfgang Seeker and Bernd Bohnet and Lilja {\O}vrelid and
                  Jonas Kuhn},
  title = {Informed ways of improving data-driven dependency parsing
                  for German},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on
                  Computational Linguistics: Posters},
  series = {COLING '10},
  year = {2010},
  location = {Beijing, China},
  pages = {1122--1130}
} 

@InProceedings{Hsu:10,
  author = 	 {Hsu, Yu-Yin},
  title = 	 {Comparing Conversions of Discontinuity in PCFG
                  Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories},
  pages = 	 {103--113},
  year = 	 2010,
  editor = 	 {Markus Dickinson, Kaili Müürisep and Marco Passarotti},
  volume = 	 9,
  series = 	 { NEALT Proceedings Series}
}

@InProceedings{Kuebler06,
 author = {K\"{u}bler, Sandra and Hinrichs, Erhard W. and Maier, Wolfgang},
 title = {Is it really that difficult to parse German?},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
 series = {EMNLP '06},
 year = {2006},
 location = {Sydney, Australia},
 pages = {111--119}
} 

@InProceedings{Eryigit/Adali,
  author = 	 {Gül\c{s}en Eryi\u{g}it and E\c{s}ref Adal{\i}},
  title = 	 {An Affix Stripping Morphological Analyzer for Turkish},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IASTED} International Conference},
  year = 	 2004,
  address = 	 {Innsbruck, Austria}}

@InProceedings{Cöltekin,
  author = {\c{C}a\u{g}r{\i} \c{C}öltekin},
  title = {A Freely Available Morphological Analyzer for Turkish},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)},
  year = {2010},
  month = {may},
  date = {19-21},
  address = {Valletta, Malta},
  editor = {Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair) and Khalid Choukri and Bente Maegaard and Joseph Mariani and Jan Odijk and Stelios Piperidis and Mike Rosner and Daniel Tapias},
  publisher = {European Language Resources Association (ELRA)},
  isbn = {2-9517408-6-7},
  language = {english}
 } 


@Article{dipper11,
  author = 	 {Stefanie Dipper},
  title = 	 {Morphological and Part-of-Speech Tagging of Historical Language Data: A Comparison},
  journal = 	 {Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, Special Issue},
  year = 	 2011,
  volume = 	 26,
  number = 	 2,
  pages = 	 {25--37}}

@PhdThesis{Jurish11,
  author = 	 {Bryan Jurish},
  title = 	 {Finite-state Canonicalization Techniques for Historical German},
  school = 	 {Universität Potsdam},
  year = 	 2011}

@inproceedings{Beesley:1996,
 author = {Beesley, Kenneth R.},
 title = {Arabic Finite-state Morphological Analysis and Generation},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
 volume = {1},
 year = {1996},
 location = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
 pages = {89--94},
} 

@Book{Rubenbauer,
  author = 	 {Karl Bayer and Rolf Heine and Hans Rubenbauer},
  title = 	 {Lateinische Grammatik},
  publisher = 	 {Oldenbourg Schulbuchverlag},
  address =      {Berlin, Germany},
  year = 	 2007}

@article{Schwenk2010,
  title={Continuous-space language models for statistical machine translation},
  author={Schwenk, Holger},
  journal={The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
  volume={93},
  pages={137--146},
  year={2010}
}

@inproceedings{Devlin2014,
  title={Fast and robust neural network joint models for statistical machine translation},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Zbib, Rabih and Huang, Zhongqiang and Lamar, Thomas and Schwartz, Richard and Makhoul, John},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  volume={1},
  pages={1370--1380},
  year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{Sutskever2014,
  title={Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks},
  author={Sutskever, Ilya and Vinyals, Oriol and Le, Quoc VV},
  booktitle={Advances in neural information processing systems},
  pages={3104--3112},
  year={2014}
}

@article{Bahdanau2014,
  title={Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate},
  author={Bahdanau, Dzmitry and Cho, Kyunghyun and Bengio, Yoshua},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473},
  year={2014}
}

@Article{Luong2015,
  author = 	 {Minh-Thang Luong and Hieu Pham and Christopher D. Manning},
  title = 	 { Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation},
  journal = 	 {arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.04025},
  year = 	 2015}

@Article{Xu2015,
  author = 	 {Kelvin Xu and Jimmy Ba and Ryan Kiros and Kyunghyun Cho and Aaron Courville and Ruslan Salakhutdinov and Richard Zemel and Yoshua Bengio},
  title = 	 {Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention},
  journal = 	 {arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.03044},
  year = 	 2015}

@inproceedings{Jean2015WMT,
  title={Montreal Neural Machine Translation Systems for {WMT15}},
  author={Jean, S{\'e}bastien and Firat, Orhan and Cho, Kyunghyun and Memisevic, Roland and Bengio, Yoshua},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
  pages={134--140},
  year={2015}
}

@Article{DurraniCL,
  author = 	 {Nadir Durrani and Helmut Schmid and Alexander Fraser and Philipp Koehn and Hinrich Schütze},
  title = 	 {The Operation Sequence Model – Combining N-Gram-based and Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2015,
  volume = 	 41,
  number = 	 2,
  pages = 	 {157-186}}

@article{Cap2014,
  title={How to Produce Unseen Teddy Bears: Improved Morphological Processing of Compounds in {SMT}},
  author={Cap, Fabienne and Fraser, Alexander and Weller, Marion and Cahill, Aoife},
  journal={Proceedings of EACL 2014},
  year={2014}
}

@article{Bengio2003,
  title={A neural probabilistic language model},
  author={Bengio, Yoshua and Ducharme, R{\'e}jean and Vincent, Pascal and Janvin, Christian},
  journal={The Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={3},
  pages={1137--1155},
  year={2003},
  publisher={JMLR. org}
}

@inproceedings{Liang06,
  author = {P. Liang and B. Taskar and D. Klein},
  booktitle = {North American Association for Computational Linguistics (NAACL)},
  pages = {104--111},
  title = {Alignment by Agreement},
  year = {2006},
}

@inproceedings{Graves2013,
  title={Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks},
  author={Graves, Alan and Mohamed, Abdel-rahman and Hinton, Geoffrey},
  booktitle={Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2013 IEEE International Conference on},
  pages={6645--6649},
  year={2013},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Kim2015,
  title={Character-Aware Neural Language Models},
  author={Kim, Yoon and Jernite, Yacine and Sontag, David and Rush, Alexander M},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.06615},
  year={2015}
}

@article{Zaremba2015,
  author    = {Wojciech Zaremba and Ilya Sutskever},
  title     = {Reinforcement Learning Neural Turing Machines},
  year      = {2015},
  journal   = {pre-print},
  note      = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.00521},
}

@Article{Cohn:2016,
   author = {Cohn, T. and Hoang, C.~D.~V. and Vymolova, E. and Yao, K. and 
	Dyer, C. and Haffari, G.},
    title = "{Incorporating Structural Alignment Biases into an Attentional Neural Translation Model}",
  journal = {arXiv:1601.01085-prints},
     year = 2016,
}

@InProceedings{Jean2015,
  author    = {Jean, S\'{e}bastien and Cho, Kyunghyun and Memisevic, Roland and Bengio, Yoshua},
  title     = {On Using Very Large Target Vocabulary for Neural Machine Translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
  month     = {July},
  year      = {2015},
  address   = {Beijing, China},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1--10},
  url       = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P15-1001}
}

@article{Shen2015,
  author    = {Shiqi Shen and Yong Cheng and Zhongjun He and Wei He and Hua Wu and Maosong Sun and Yang Liu},
  title     = {Minimum Risk Training for Neural Machine Translation},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1512.02433},
  year      = {2015},
  ee        = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02433}
}

@inproceedings{Och2003MERT,
 author = {Och, Franz Josef},
 title = {Minimum Error Rate Training in Statistical Machine Translation},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1},
 series = {ACL '03},
 year = {2003},
 location = {Sapporo, Japan},
 pages = {160--167},
 numpages = {8},
 publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
 address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA},
}


@InProceedings{MnihGregor,
  author = 	 {Andriy Mnih and Karol Gregor},
  title = 	 {Neural Variational Inference and Learning in Belief Networks},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year = 	 2014,
  address = 	 {Beijing, China}}

@InProceedings{Bornschein2015,
  author = 	 {J{\"o}rg Bornschein and Yoshua Bengio},
  title = 	 {Reweighted Wake-Sleep},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year = 	 2015,
  address = 	 {San Juan, Puerto Rico}}

@Misc{Sennrich2015,
  author = 	 {Rico Sennrich and Barry Haddow and Alexandra Birch},
  title = 	 {Improving neural machine translation models with monolingual data},
  howpublished = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.06709},
  year = 	 2015}


@InBook{Ahmad1992,
  author = 	 "Khurshid Ahmad and Andrea Davies and Heather Fulford and Margaret Rogers",
  title = 	 "Translation studies -- an interdiscipline",
  chapter = 	 "What is a term? The semi-automatic extraction of terms from text",
  publisher = 	 "John Bejamins",
  year = 	 "1992",
  editor =	 "Mary Snell-Horny and Franz Pöchhacker and Klaus Kaindl",
  address =	 "Amsterdam/Philadelphia"
}

@InProceedings{PiantaTonelli2010,
  author = 	 {Emanuele Pianta and Sara Tonelli},
  title = 	 {{KX}: A flexible system for keyphrase extraction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on semantic evaluation},
  year = 	 2010,
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@inproceedings{Joachims:2002,
 author = {Thorsten Joachims},
 title = {Optimizing Search Engines Using Clickthrough Data},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
 series = {KDD '02},
 year = {2002},
 isbn = {1-58113-567-X},
 location = {Edmonton, Alberta, Canada},
 pages = {133--142},
 numpages = {10},
 url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/775047.775067},
 doi = {10.1145/775047.775067},
 acmid = {775067},
 publisher = {ACM},
 address = {New York, NY, USA},
}

@incollection{Goodfellow2014,
title = {Generative Adversarial Nets},
author = {Goodfellow, Ian and Pouget-Abadie, Jean and Mirza, Mehdi and Xu, Bing and Warde-Farley, David and Ozair, Sherjil and Courville, Aaron and Bengio, Yoshua},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27},
editor = {Z. Ghahramani and M. Welling and C. Cortes and N. D. Lawrence and K. Q. Weinberger},
pages = {2672--2680},
year = {2014},
publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
url = {http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5423-generative-adversarial-nets.pdf}
}

@incollection{Mikolov2013,
title = {Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality},
author = {Mikolov, Tomas and Sutskever, Ilya and Chen, Kai and Corrado, Greg S and Dean, Jeff},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26},
editor = {C. J. C. Burges and L. Bottou and M. Welling and Z. Ghahramani and K. Q. Weinberger},
pages = {3111--3119},
year = {2013},
publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
url = {http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5021-distributed-representations-of-words-and-phrases-and-their-compositionality.pdf}
}

@article{Bojanowski2017,
  title = {Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information},
  author = {Bojanowski, Piotr and Grave, Edouard and Joulin, Armand and Mikolov, Tomas},
  journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {135--146},
  volume = 5,
  year = 2017
}

@misc{Devlin2018,
  author = {Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  title = {BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding},
  note = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
  year = 2018
}

@InProceedings{Gaddy2018,
  author = 	 {David Gaddy and Mitchell Stern and Dan Klein},
  title = 	 {What's Going On in Neural Constituency Parsers? An Analysis},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of NAACL-HLT},
  year = 	 2018,
  pages = 	 {999--1010},
  address = 	 {New Orleans, Louisiana},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}


@TechReport{Hirschmann2010,
  author = 	 {Hagen Hirschmann and Sonja Linde},
  title = 	 {Annotationsguidelines zur Deutschen Diachronen Baumbank Technical Report. .},
  institution =  {Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin},
  year = 	 2010}

@inproceedings{Akbik2018,
    title = "Contextual String Embeddings for Sequence Labeling",
    author = "Alan Akbik and Duncan Blythe and Roland Vollgraf",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
    month = "August",
    year = "2018",
    address = "Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1139",
    pages = "1638--1649"}

@Book{Koehn2010,
  author = 	 {Philipp Koehn},
  title = 	 {Statistical Machine Translation},
  publisher = 	 {Cambridge University Press},
  year = 	 2010}

@InProceedings{Liu2016,
  author = 	 {Lemao Liu and Masao Utiyama and Andrew Finch and Eiichiro Sumita},
  title = 	 {Neural machine translation with supervised attention},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2016): Technical Papers},
  year = 	 2016,
  address = 	 {Osaka, Japan}}

@InProceedings{Chen2016,
  author = 	 {Wenhu Chen and Evgeny Matusov and Shahram Khadivi and Jan-Thorsten Peter},
  title = 	 {Guided alignment training for topic-aware neural machine translation},
  booktitle = {AMTA},
  year = 	 2016}

@InProceedings{Alkhouli2017,
  author = 	 {Tamer Alkhouli and Hermann Ney},
  title = 	 {Biasing attention-based recurrent neural networks using external alignment information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation},
  year = 	 2017,
  address = 	 {Copenhagen, Denmark},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Alkhouli2016,
  author = 	 {Tamer Alkhouli and Gabriel Bretschner and Jan-Thorsten Peter and Mohammed Hethnawi and Andreas Guta and Hermann Ney},
  title = 	 {Alignment-based neural machine translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Conference on Machine Translation: Research Papers},
  year = 	 2016,
  address = 	 {Berlin, Germany},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Alkhouli2018,
  author = 	 {Tamer Alkhouli and Gabriel Bretschner and Hermann Ney},
  title = 	 {On the alignment problem in multi-head attention-based neural machine translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Research Papers},
  year = 	 2018,
  address = 	 {Belgium, Brussels},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@Misc{Press2018,
  author = 	 {Ofir Press and Noah A Smith},
  title = 	 {You may not need attention},
  howpublished = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.13409},
  year = 	 2018}

@InProceedings{Lewis2008,
  author = 	 {William D. Lewis and Fei Xia},
  title = 	 {Automatically identifying computationally relevant typological features},
  booktitle = {Proceedings  of  the  Third  International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Volume-II},
  year = 	 2008}


@InProceedings{Oestling2015,
  author = 	 {Robert {\"O}stling},
  title = 	 {Word order typology through multilingual word alignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing:  Short Papers},
  year = 	 2015,
  address = 	 {Beijing, China},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Yarowsky2001,
  author = 	 {David Yarowsky and Grace Ngai and Richard Wicentowski},
  title = 	 {Inducing multilingual text analysis tools via robust projection across aligned corpora},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research},
  year = 	 2001}

@InProceedings{Pado2009,
  author = 	 {Sebastian  Pad{\'o} and Mirella Lapata},
  title = 	 {Cross-lingual annotation projection for semantic roles},
  booktitle = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  year = 	 2009,
  volume = 	 36}

@InProceedings{Asgari2017,
  author = 	 {Ehsaneddin Asgari and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
  title = 	 {Past, present, future: A computational investigation of the typology of tense in 1000 languages},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year = 	 2017,
  address = 	 {Copenhagen, Denmark},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Huck2019,
  author = 	 {Matthias Huck and Diana Dutka and Alexander Fraser},
  title = 	 {Cross-lingual annotation projection is effective for neural part-of-speech tagging},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects},
  year = 	 2019,
  pages = 	 {223–-233},
  address = 	 {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  organization = {Association for Compu-tational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Guo2016,
  author = 	 {Jiang Guo and Wanxiang Che and David Yarowsky and Haifeng Wang and Ting Liu},
  title = 	 {A representation learning framework for multi-source transfer parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = 	 2016}

@InProceedings{Ammar2016,
  author = 	 {Waleed Ammar and George Mulcaire and Yulia Tsvetkov and Guillaume Lample and Chris Dyer and Noah A Smith},
  title = 	 {Massively  multilingual  word  embeddings},
  booktitle = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.01925},
  year = 	 2016}

, . 
@InProceedings{Dufter2018,
  author = 	 {Philipp Dufter and Mengjie Zhao and Martin Schmitt and Alexander Fraser and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze},
  title = 	 {Embedding learning through multilingual concept induction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1:Long Papers)},
  year = 	 2018,
  address = 	 {Melbourne, Australia},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Vogel1996,
  author = 	 {Stephan Vogel and Hermann Ney and Christoph Tillmann},
  title = 	 {HMM-based word alignment in statistical translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on
                  Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
  year = 	 1996,
  volume = 	 2}

@Article{Och2003,
  author = 	 {Franz Josef Och and Hermann Ney},
  title = 	 {A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models},
  journal = 	 {Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2003,
  volume = 	 29,
  number = 	 1}

@InProceedings{Dyer2013,
  author = 	 {Chris Dyer and Victor Chahuneau and Noah A. Smith},
  title = 	 {A simple, fast, and effective reparameterization of IBM model 2},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  year = 	 2013,
  address = 	 {Atlanta, Georgia},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@Article{Oestling2016,
  author = 	 {Robert {\"O}stling and J{\"o}rg  Tiedemann},
  title = 	 {Efficient word alignment with Markov Chain Monte Carlo},
  journal =      {The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics},
  year = 	 2016,
  volume = 	 106,
  number = 	 1}

@InProceedings{Cohn2016,
  author = 	 {Trevor Cohn and Cong Duy Vu Hoang and Ekaterina Vymolova and Kaisheng Yao and Chris Dyer and Gholamreza Haffari},
  title = 	 {Incorporating structural alignment biases into an attentional neural translation model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  year = 	 2016,
  pages = 	 {876–-885},
  address = 	 {San Diego, California},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Koehn2017,
  author = 	 {Philipp Koehn and Rebecca Knowles},
  title = 	 {Six challenges for neural machine translation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Neural Machine Translation},
  year = 	 2017,
  address = 	 {Vancouver, Canada},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Ghader2017,
  author = 	 {Hamidreza Ghader and Christof Monz},
  title = 	 {What does attention in neural machine translation pay attention to?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
  year = 	 2017,
  address = 	 {Taipei, Taiwan},
  organization = {Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing}}

@Article{Peter2017,
  author = 	 {Jan-Thorsten Peter and Arne Nix and Hermann Ney},
  title = 	 {Generating alignments using target foresight in attention-based neural machine translation},
  journal = 	 {The  Prague  Bulletin  of  Mathematical  Linguistics},
  year = 	 2017,
  volume = 	 108,
  number = 	 1}

@Misc{Zenkel2019,
  author = 	 {Thomas Zenkel and Joern Wuebker and John DeNero},
  title = 	 {Adding interpretable attention to neural translation models improves word alignment},
  howpublished = {arXivpreprint arXiv:1901.11359},
  year = 	 2019}

@InProceedings{Garg2019,
  author = 	 {Sarthak Garg and Stephan Peitz and Udhyakumar Nallasamy and Matthias Paulik},
  title = 	 {Jointly learning to align and translate with transformer models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)},
  year = 	 2019,
  address = 	 {Hong Kong, China},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

@article{Sabet2020,
  author = {Masoud Jalili Sabet and Philipp Dufter and Hinrich Sch\"utze},
  title = {SimAlign: High Quality Word Alignments without Parallel Training Data using Static and Contextualized Embeddings},
  year = 2020,
  journal = {Findings of ACL: EMNLP 2020},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
}

@InProceedings{Artetxe2018,
  author = 	 {Mikel Artetxe and Gorka Labaka and Eneko Agirre},
  title = 	 {A robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
  year = 	 2018,
  address = 	 {Melbourne, Australia},
  organization = {Association forComputational Linguistics}}

@InProceedings{Conneau2018,
  author = 	 {Alexis Conneau and Guillaume Lample and Marc’Aurelio Ranzato and Ludovic Denoyer and Herv{\'e}e J{\'e}gou},
  title = 	 {Word translation without parallel data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year = 	 2018}

@InProceedings{Devlin2019,
  author = 	 {Jacob Devlin and Ming-Wei Chang and Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova},
  title = 	 {BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 Conference ofthe North American Chapter of the Association forComputational Linguistics: Human Language Tech-nologies,  Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)},
  year = 	 2019,
  address = 	 {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
  organization = {Association for ComputationalLinguistics}}

@InProceedings{Conneau2020,
  author = 	 {Alexis Conneau and Kartikay Khandelwal and Naman Goyal and Vishrav  Chaudhary and  Guillaume  Wenzek and Francisco Guzm{\'a}n and Edouard Grave and Myle Ott and Luke Zettlemoyer and Veselin Stoyanov},
  title = 	 {Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = 	 2020,
  address = 	 {Online},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics}}

