"""
Mostly copy-paste from timm library.
https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
"""

import math
from functools import partial
from typing import List

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from ..utils import DropPath, trunc_normal_


class Mlp(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        in_features,
        hidden_features=None,
        out_features=None,
        act_layer=nn.GELU,
        drop=0.0,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        hidden_features = hidden_features or in_features
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(in_features, hidden_features)
        self.act = act_layer()
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features)
        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        x = self.fc2(x)
        x = self.drop(x)
        return x


class Attention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        dim,
        num_heads=8,
        qkv_bias=False,
        qk_scale=None,
        attn_drop=0.0,
        proj_drop=0.0,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim**-0.5

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, N, C = x.shape
        qkv = (
            self.qkv(x)
            .reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads)
            .permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        )
        q, k, v = qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2]

        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
        attn = self.attn_drop(attn)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x, attn


class Block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        dim,
        num_heads,
        mlp_ratio=4.0,
        qkv_bias=False,
        qk_scale=None,
        drop=0.0,
        attn_drop=0.0,
        drop_path=0.0,
        act_layer=nn.GELU,
        norm_layer=nn.LayerNorm,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
        self.attn = Attention(
            dim,
            num_heads=num_heads,
            qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
            qk_scale=qk_scale,
            attn_drop=attn_drop,
            proj_drop=drop,
        )
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0.0 else nn.Identity()
        self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
        mlp_hidden_dim = int(dim * mlp_ratio)
        self.mlp = Mlp(
            in_features=dim,
            hidden_features=mlp_hidden_dim,
            act_layer=act_layer,
            drop=drop,
        )

    def forward(self, x, return_attention=False):
        y, attn = self.attn(self.norm1(x))
        if return_attention:
            return attn
        x = x + self.drop_path(y)
        x = x + self.drop_path(self.mlp(self.norm2(x)))
        return x


class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
    """Image to Patch Embedding"""

    def __init__(self, img_size=224, patch_size=16, in_channels=3, embed_dim=768):
        super().__init__()
        num_patches = (img_size // patch_size) * (img_size // patch_size)
        self.img_size = img_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.num_patches = num_patches

        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels, embed_dim, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        B, C, H, W = x.shape
        return self.proj(x)


class VisionTransformer(nn.Module):
    """Vision Transformer"""

    def __init__(
        self,
        img_size: List[int] = [224],
        patch_size: int = 16,
        in_channels: int = 3,
        num_classes: int = 0,
        embed_dim: int = 768,
        depth: int = 12,
        num_heads: int = 12,
        mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
        qkv_bias: bool = False,
        qk_scale=None,
        drop_rate: float = 0.0,
        attn_drop_rate: float = 0.0,
        drop_path_rate: float = 0.0,
        norm_layer: nn.Module = nn.LayerNorm,
        return_all_tokens: bool = False,
        masked_im_modeling: bool = False,
        **kwargs
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_features = self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.return_all_tokens = return_all_tokens

        self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
            img_size=img_size[0],
            patch_size=patch_size,
            in_channels=in_channels,
            embed_dim=embed_dim,
        )
        num_patches = self.patch_embed.num_patches

        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, embed_dim))
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, num_patches + 1, embed_dim))
        self.pos_drop = nn.Dropout(p=drop_rate)
        # stochastic depth decay rule
        dpr = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path_rate, depth)]
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList(
            [
                Block(
                    dim=embed_dim,
                    num_heads=num_heads,
                    mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
                    qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
                    qk_scale=qk_scale,
                    drop=drop_rate,
                    attn_drop=attn_drop_rate,
                    drop_path=dpr[i],
                    norm_layer=norm_layer,
                )
                for i in range(depth)
            ]
        )
        self.norm = norm_layer(embed_dim)

        # Classifier head
        if num_classes > 0:
            self.head = nn.Linear(embed_dim, num_classes)
        else:
            self.head = nn.Identity()

        trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=0.02)
        trunc_normal_(self.cls_token, std=0.02)
        self.apply(self._init_weights)

        # Masked image modeling (MIM)
        self.masked_im_modeling = masked_im_modeling
        if masked_im_modeling:
            self.masked_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, embed_dim))

    def _init_weights(self, m):
        if isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
            trunc_normal_(m.weight, std=0.02)
            if isinstance(m, nn.Linear) and m.bias is not None:
                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(m, nn.LayerNorm):
            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1.0)

    def interpolate_pos_encoding(self, x, w, h):
        n_patch = x.shape[1] - 1
        N = self.pos_embed.shape[1] - 1
        if n_patch == N and w == h:
            return self.pos_embed
        class_pos_embed = self.pos_embed[:, 0]
        patch_pos_embed = self.pos_embed[:, 1:]
        dim = x.shape[-1]
        w0 = w // self.patch_embed.patch_size
        h0 = h // self.patch_embed.patch_size
        # we add a small number to avoid floating point error in the interpolation
        # see discussion at https://github.com/facebookresearch/dino/issues/8
        w0, h0 = w0 + 0.1, h0 + 0.1
        patch_pos_embed = nn.functional.interpolate(
            patch_pos_embed.reshape(
                1, int(math.sqrt(N)), int(math.sqrt(N)), dim
            ).permute(0, 3, 1, 2),
            scale_factor=(w0 / math.sqrt(N), h0 / math.sqrt(N)),
            mode="bicubic",
        )
        assert (
            int(w0) == patch_pos_embed.shape[-2]
            and int(h0) == patch_pos_embed.shape[-1]
        )
        patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(1, -1, dim)
        return torch.cat((class_pos_embed.unsqueeze(0), patch_pos_embed), dim=1)

    def prepare_tokens(self, x, mask=None):
        B, nc, w, h = x.shape
        # patch linear embedding
        x = self.patch_embed(x)

        # MIM
        if mask is not None:
            x = self.mask_model(x, mask)
        x = x.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)

        # add the [CLS] token to the embed patch tokens
        cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(B, -1, -1)
        x = torch.cat((cls_tokens, x), dim=1)

        # add positional encoding to each token
        x = x + self.interpolate_pos_encoding(x, w, h)

        return self.pos_drop(x)

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, return_all_tokens=None, mask=None, **kwargs):
        # MIM
        if self.masked_im_modeling:
            assert mask is not None
            x = self.prepare_tokens(x, mask=mask)
        else:
            x = self.prepare_tokens(x)
        for blk in self.blocks:
            x = blk(x)
        x = self.norm(x)
        return_all_tokens = (
            self.return_all_tokens if return_all_tokens is None else return_all_tokens
        )
        if return_all_tokens:
            return x

        return x[:, 0]

    def get_last_selfattention(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        x = self.prepare_tokens(x)
        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
            if i < len(self.blocks) - 1:
                x = blk(x)
            else:
                # return attention of the last block
                return blk(x, return_attention=True)

    def get_all_selfattention(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        x = self.prepare_tokens(x)
        attn_out = []
        for blk in self.blocks:
            attn_out.append(blk(x, return_attention=True))
            x = blk(x)
        return attn_out

    def get_intermediate_layers(self, x: torch.Tensor, n: int = 1):
        x = self.prepare_tokens(x)
        # we return the output tokens from the `n` last blocks
        output = []
        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
            x = blk(x)
            if len(self.blocks) - i <= n:
                output.append(self.norm(x))
        return output

    def mask_model(self, x, mask):
        x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)[mask, :] = self.masked_embed.to(x.dtype)
        return x


def vit_tiny(patch_size: int = 16, **kwargs):
    model = VisionTransformer(
        patch_size=patch_size,
        embed_dim=192,
        depth=12,
        num_heads=3,
        mlp_ratio=4,
        qkv_bias=True,
        norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
        **kwargs
    )
    return model


def vit_small(patch_size: int = 16, **kwargs):
    model = VisionTransformer(
        patch_size=patch_size,
        embed_dim=384,
        depth=12,
        num_heads=6,
        mlp_ratio=4,
        qkv_bias=True,
        norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
        **kwargs
    )
    return model


def vit_base(patch_size: int = 16, **kwargs):
    model = VisionTransformer(
        patch_size=patch_size,
        embed_dim=768,
        depth=12,
        num_heads=12,
        mlp_ratio=4,
        qkv_bias=True,
        norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
        **kwargs
    )
    return model


def vit_large(patch_size: int = 16, **kwargs):
    model = VisionTransformer(
        patch_size=patch_size,
        embed_dim=1024,
        depth=24,
        num_heads=16,
        mlp_ratio=4,
        qkv_bias=True,
        norm_layer=partial(nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
        **kwargs
    )
    return model
