# Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

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following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

-   **Considerations for licensors:** Our public licenses are intended
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## Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the
extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are
granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these
terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in
consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed
Material available under these terms and conditions.

### Section 1 – Definitions.

a.  **Adapted Material** means material subject to Copyright and Similar
    Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and
    in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged,
    transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission
    under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For
    purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a
    musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is
    always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
    relation with a moving image.

b.  **Adapter's License** means the license You apply to Your Copyright
    and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
    accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c.  **Copyright and Similar Rights** means copyright and/or similar
    rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
    performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
    Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized.
    For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section
    2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d.  **Effective Technological Measures** means those measures that, in
    the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
    fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
    adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
    agreements.

e.  **Exceptions and Limitations** means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
    any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
    that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f.  **Licensed Material** means the artistic or literary work, database,
    or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g.  **Licensed Rights** means the rights granted to You subject to the
    terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
    all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
    Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h.  **Licensor** means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
    under this Public License.

i.  **Share** means to provide material to the public by any means or
    process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as
    reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
    dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
    available to the public including in ways that members of the public
    may access the material from a place and at a time individually
    chosen by them.

j.  **Sui Generis Database Rights** means rights other than copyright
    resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
    the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
    as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent
    rights anywhere in the world.

k.  **You** means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed
    Rights under this Public License. **Your** has a corresponding
    meaning.

### Section 2 – Scope.

a.  ***License grant.***

    1.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the
        Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
        non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
        exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

        A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in
        part; and

        B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.

    2.  **Exceptions and Limitations.** For the avoidance of doubt,
        where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
        License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its
        terms and conditions.

    3.  **Term.** The term of this Public License is specified in
        Section 6(a).

    4.  **Media and formats; technical modifications allowed.** The
        Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all
        media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to
        make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor
        waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to
        forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to
        exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications
        necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For
        purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications
        authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
        Material.

    5.  **Downstream recipients.**

        A. **Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material.** Every
        recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an
        offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under
        the terms and conditions of this Public License.

        B. **No downstream restrictions.** You may not offer or impose
        any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any
        Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if
        doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any
        recipient of the Licensed Material.

    6.  **No endorsement.** Nothing in this Public License constitutes
        or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
        are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
        with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the
        Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided
        in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b.  ***Other rights.***

    1.  Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed
        under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or
        other similar personality rights; however, to the extent
        possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any
        such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
        to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

    2.  Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public
        License.

    3.  To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect
        royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights,
        whether directly or through a collecting society under any
        voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme.
        In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to
        collect such royalties.

### Section 3 – License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
following conditions.

a.  ***Attribution.***

    1.  If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form),
        You must:

        A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with
        the Licensed Material:

        i.  identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material
            and any others designated to receive attribution, in any
            reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by
            pseudonym if designated);

        ii. a copyright notice;

        iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

        iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

        v.  a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent
            reasonably practicable;

        B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an
        indication of any previous modifications; and

        C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public
        License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to,
        this Public License.

    2.  You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
        reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
        which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
        reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
        hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

    3.  If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
        information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
        reasonably practicable.

    4.  If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License
        You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material
        from complying with this Public License.

### Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply
to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a.  for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to
    extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of
    the contents of the database;

b.  if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents
    in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then
    the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not
    its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c.  You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all
    or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

### Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a.  **Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the
    extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and
    as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind
    concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied,
    statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties
    of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,
    non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or
    the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or
    discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in
    full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.**

b.  **To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to
    You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence)
    or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental,
    consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs,
    expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of
    the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the
    possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a
    limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this
    limitation may not apply to You.**

c.  The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
    above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible,
    most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all
    liability.

### Section 6 – Term and Termination.

a.  This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
    Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
    this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
    terminate automatically.

b.  Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
    Section 6(a), it reinstates:

    1.  automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it
        is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

    2.  upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

    For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
    right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of
    this Public License.

c.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
    Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the
    Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate
    this Public License.

d.  Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
    License.

### Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

a.  The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms
    or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b.  Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
    Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
    independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

### Section 8 – Interpretation.

a.  For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall
    not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions
    on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made
    without permission under this Public License.

b.  To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
    deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
    minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
    cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
    without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
    conditions.

c.  No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
    failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
    Licensor.

d.  Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as
    a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that
    apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of
    any jurisdiction or authority.

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