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#ifndef __Pyx_PyAsyncMethodsStruct
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#define __PYX_HAVE__surprise__prediction_algorithms__matrix_factorization
#define __PYX_HAVE_API__surprise__prediction_algorithms__matrix_factorization
/* Early includes */
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#include <stdio.h>
#include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
#include "numpy/ufuncobject.h"
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#if defined(PYREX_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS) && !defined(CYTHON_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS)
#define CYTHON_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS
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typedef struct {PyObject **p; const char *s; const Py_ssize_t n; const char* encoding;
                const char is_unicode; const char is_str; const char intern; } __Pyx_StringTabEntry;

#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII 0
#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT 0
#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING ""
#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromString __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString
#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromStringAndSize __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
#define __Pyx_uchar_cast(c) ((unsigned char)c)
#define __Pyx_long_cast(x) ((long)x)
#define __Pyx_fits_Py_ssize_t(v, type, is_signed)  (\
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#if defined (__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
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#elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
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#elif defined (__GNUC__)
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static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject*);
static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject*, Py_ssize_t* length);
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#define __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(s, l) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((const char*)s, l)
#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString        PyBytes_FromString
#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char*);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    #define __Pyx_PyStr_FromString        __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString
    #define __Pyx_PyStr_FromStringAndSize __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
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    #define __Pyx_PyStr_FromString        __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString
    #define __Pyx_PyStr_FromStringAndSize __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize
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#define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableString(s)     ((char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
#define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsWritableSString(s)    ((signed char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
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#define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsString(s)     ((const char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
#define __Pyx_PyBytes_AsSString(s)    ((const signed char*) PyBytes_AS_STRING(s))
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#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableString(s)    ((char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableSString(s)    ((signed char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsWritableUString(s)    ((unsigned char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsSString(s)    ((const signed char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsUString(s)    ((const unsigned char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromCString(s)  __Pyx_PyObject_FromString((const char*)s)
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#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromUnicode(u)       PyUnicode_FromUnicode(u, __Pyx_Py_UNICODE_strlen(u))
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromUnicodeAndLength PyUnicode_FromUnicode
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsUnicode            PyUnicode_AsUnicode
#define __Pyx_NewRef(obj) (Py_INCREF(obj), obj)
#define __Pyx_Owned_Py_None(b) __Pyx_NewRef(Py_None)
#define __Pyx_PyBool_FromLong(b) ((b) ? __Pyx_NewRef(Py_True) : __Pyx_NewRef(Py_False))
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject*);
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#define __Pyx_PySequence_Tuple(obj)\
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static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject*);
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#define __pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x) (PyFloat_CheckExact(x) ? PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x) : PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
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#define __pyx_PyFloat_AsFloat(x) ((float) __pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
#define __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x) (PyLong_CheckExact(x) ? __Pyx_NewRef(x) : PyNumber_Long(x))
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#define __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x) (PyInt_CheckExact(x) ? __Pyx_NewRef(x) : PyNumber_Int(x))
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#define __Pyx_PyNumber_Float(x) (PyFloat_CheckExact(x) ? __Pyx_NewRef(x) : PyNumber_Float(x))
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
static int __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii;
static int __Pyx_init_sys_getdefaultencoding_params(void) {
    PyObject* sys;
    PyObject* default_encoding = NULL;
    PyObject* ascii_chars_u = NULL;
    PyObject* ascii_chars_b = NULL;
    const char* default_encoding_c;
    sys = PyImport_ImportModule("sys");
    if (!sys) goto bad;
    default_encoding = PyObject_CallMethod(sys, (char*) "getdefaultencoding", NULL);
    Py_DECREF(sys);
    if (!default_encoding) goto bad;
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        __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii = 1;
        ascii_chars_u = PyUnicode_DecodeASCII(ascii_chars, 128, NULL);
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            PyErr_Format(
                PyExc_ValueError,
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                default_encoding_c);
            goto bad;
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        Py_DECREF(ascii_chars_b);
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bad:
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    Py_XDECREF(ascii_chars_u);
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#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(c_str, size, NULL)
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#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_Decode(c_str, size, __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING, NULL)
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT
static char* __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING;
static int __Pyx_init_sys_getdefaultencoding_params(void) {
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    Py_DECREF(sys);
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    default_encoding_c = PyBytes_AsString(default_encoding);
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    Py_DECREF(default_encoding);
    return 0;
bad:
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/* Test for GCC > 2.95 */
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  #define likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_pretend_to_initialize(void* ptr) { (void)ptr; }

static PyObject *__pyx_m = NULL;
static PyObject *__pyx_d;
static PyObject *__pyx_b;
static PyObject *__pyx_cython_runtime;
static PyObject *__pyx_empty_tuple;
static PyObject *__pyx_empty_bytes;
static PyObject *__pyx_empty_unicode;
static int __pyx_lineno;
static int __pyx_clineno = 0;
static const char * __pyx_cfilenm= __FILE__;
static const char *__pyx_filename;

/* Header.proto */
#if !defined(CYTHON_CCOMPLEX)
  #if defined(__cplusplus)
    #define CYTHON_CCOMPLEX 1
  #elif defined(_Complex_I)
    #define CYTHON_CCOMPLEX 1
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#endif
#if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
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#endif
#if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX && !defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__sun__) && defined(__GNUC__)
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struct __Pyx_StructField_;
#define __PYX_BUF_FLAGS_PACKED_STRUCT (1 << 0)
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typedef struct __Pyx_StructField_ {
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typedef struct {
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typedef struct {
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":730
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 * 
 * ctypedef npy_int8       int8_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_int16      int16_t
 * ctypedef npy_int32      int32_t
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typedef npy_int8 __pyx_t_5numpy_int8_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":731
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_int8       int8_t
 * ctypedef npy_int16      int16_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_int32      int32_t
 * ctypedef npy_int64      int64_t
 */
typedef npy_int16 __pyx_t_5numpy_int16_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":732
 * ctypedef npy_int8       int8_t
 * ctypedef npy_int16      int16_t
 * ctypedef npy_int32      int32_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_int64      int64_t
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typedef npy_int32 __pyx_t_5numpy_int32_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":733
 * ctypedef npy_int16      int16_t
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":737
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":738
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":739
 * ctypedef npy_uint8      uint8_t
 * ctypedef npy_uint16     uint16_t
 * ctypedef npy_uint32     uint32_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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typedef npy_uint32 __pyx_t_5numpy_uint32_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":740
 * ctypedef npy_uint16     uint16_t
 * ctypedef npy_uint32     uint32_t
 * ctypedef npy_uint64     uint64_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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typedef npy_uint64 __pyx_t_5numpy_uint64_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":744
 * #ctypedef npy_uint128    uint128_t
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 * ctypedef npy_float32    float32_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_float64    float64_t
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typedef npy_float32 __pyx_t_5numpy_float32_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":745
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_float32    float32_t
 * ctypedef npy_float64    float64_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * #ctypedef npy_float80    float80_t
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typedef npy_float64 __pyx_t_5numpy_float64_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":754
 * # The int types are mapped a bit surprising --
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":755
 * # numpy.int corresponds to 'l' and numpy.long to 'q'
 * ctypedef npy_long       int_t
 * ctypedef npy_longlong   long_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_longlong   longlong_t
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 */
typedef npy_longlong __pyx_t_5numpy_long_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":756
 * ctypedef npy_long       int_t
 * ctypedef npy_longlong   long_t
 * ctypedef npy_longlong   longlong_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * 
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":758
 * ctypedef npy_longlong   longlong_t
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_ulong      uint_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulong_t
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/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":759
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_ulong      uint_t
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulong_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulonglong_t
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 */
typedef npy_ulonglong __pyx_t_5numpy_ulong_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":760
 * ctypedef npy_ulong      uint_t
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulong_t
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulonglong_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_intp       intp_t
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typedef npy_ulonglong __pyx_t_5numpy_ulonglong_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":762
 * ctypedef npy_ulonglong  ulonglong_t
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_intp       intp_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * ctypedef npy_uintp      uintp_t
 * 
 */
typedef npy_intp __pyx_t_5numpy_intp_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":763
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_intp       intp_t
 * ctypedef npy_uintp      uintp_t             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 * 
 * ctypedef npy_double     float_t
 */
typedef npy_uintp __pyx_t_5numpy_uintp_t;

/* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":765
 * ctypedef npy_uintp      uintp_t
 * 
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#define __Pyx_CyFunction_NewEx(ml, flags, qualname, self, module, globals, code)\
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static PyObject *__Pyx_CyFunction_New(PyTypeObject *, PyMethodDef *ml,
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static CYTHON_INLINE void *__Pyx_CyFunction_InitDefaults(PyObject *m,
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetDefaultsTuple(PyObject *m,
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetDefaultsKwDict(PyObject *m,
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetAnnotationsDict(PyObject *m,
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/* SetNameInClass.proto */
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#define __Pyx_SetNameInClass(ns, name, value)\
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#define __Pyx_SetNameInClass(ns, name, value)\
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#define __Pyx_SetNameInClass(ns, name, value)  PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, value)
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/* Py3ClassCreate.proto */
static PyObject *__Pyx_Py3MetaclassPrepare(PyObject *metaclass, PyObject *bases, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname,
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static PyObject *__Pyx_Py3ClassCreate(PyObject *metaclass, PyObject *name, PyObject *bases, PyObject *dict,
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/* CLineInTraceback.proto */
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static int __Pyx_CLineForTraceback(PyThreadState *tstate, int c_line);
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struct __Pyx_CodeObjectCache {
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static struct __Pyx_CodeObjectCache __pyx_code_cache = {0,0,NULL};
static int __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries, int count, int code_line);
static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line);
static void __pyx_insert_code_object(int code_line, PyCodeObject* code_object);

/* AddTraceback.proto */
static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname, int c_line,
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/* BufferStructDeclare.proto */
typedef struct {
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typedef struct {
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    #define __Pyx_GetBuffer PyObject_GetBuffer
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/* CIntToPy.proto */
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_int(int value);

/* RealImag.proto */
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    #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) ((z).real())
    #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) ((z).imag())
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    #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) (__real__(z))
    #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) (__imag__(z))
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    #define __Pyx_CREAL(z) ((z).real)
    #define __Pyx_CIMAG(z) ((z).imag)
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#if defined(__cplusplus) && CYTHON_CCOMPLEX\
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    #define __Pyx_SET_CREAL(z,x) ((z).real(x))
    #define __Pyx_SET_CIMAG(z,y) ((z).imag(y))
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    #define __Pyx_SET_CREAL(z,x) __Pyx_CREAL(z) = (x)
    #define __Pyx_SET_CIMAG(z,y) __Pyx_CIMAG(z) = (y)
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/* Arithmetic.proto */
#if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
    #define __Pyx_c_eq_float(a, b)   ((a)==(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_sum_float(a, b)  ((a)+(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_diff_float(a, b) ((a)-(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_prod_float(a, b) ((a)*(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_quot_float(a, b) ((a)/(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_neg_float(a)     (-(a))
  #ifdef __cplusplus
    #define __Pyx_c_is_zero_float(z) ((z)==(float)0)
    #define __Pyx_c_conj_float(z)    (::std::conj(z))
    #if 1
        #define __Pyx_c_abs_float(z)     (::std::abs(z))
        #define __Pyx_c_pow_float(a, b)  (::std::pow(a, b))
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  #else
    #define __Pyx_c_is_zero_float(z) ((z)==0)
    #define __Pyx_c_conj_float(z)    (conjf(z))
    #if 1
        #define __Pyx_c_abs_float(z)     (cabsf(z))
        #define __Pyx_c_pow_float(a, b)  (cpowf(a, b))
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    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_sum_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_diff_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_prod_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_quot_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_neg_float(__pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zero_float(__pyx_t_float_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_conj_float(__pyx_t_float_complex);
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        static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_pow_float(__pyx_t_float_complex, __pyx_t_float_complex);
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/* Arithmetic.proto */
#if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
    #define __Pyx_c_eq_double(a, b)   ((a)==(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_sum_double(a, b)  ((a)+(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_diff_double(a, b) ((a)-(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_prod_double(a, b) ((a)*(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_quot_double(a, b) ((a)/(b))
    #define __Pyx_c_neg_double(a)     (-(a))
  #ifdef __cplusplus
    #define __Pyx_c_is_zero_double(z) ((z)==(double)0)
    #define __Pyx_c_conj_double(z)    (::std::conj(z))
    #if 1
        #define __Pyx_c_abs_double(z)     (::std::abs(z))
        #define __Pyx_c_pow_double(a, b)  (::std::pow(a, b))
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    #define __Pyx_c_is_zero_double(z) ((z)==0)
    #define __Pyx_c_conj_double(z)    (conj(z))
    #if 1
        #define __Pyx_c_abs_double(z)     (cabs(z))
        #define __Pyx_c_pow_double(a, b)  (cpow(a, b))
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    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_sum_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_diff_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_prod_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_quot_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_neg_double(__pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zero_double(__pyx_t_double_complex);
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_conj_double(__pyx_t_double_complex);
    #if 1
        static CYTHON_INLINE double __Pyx_c_abs_double(__pyx_t_double_complex);
        static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_pow_double(__pyx_t_double_complex, __pyx_t_double_complex);
    #endif
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/* CIntToPy.proto */
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_enum__NPY_TYPES(enum NPY_TYPES value);

/* CIntFromPy.proto */
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(PyObject *);

/* CIntToPy.proto */
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_long(long value);

/* CIntFromPy.proto */
static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(PyObject *);

/* FastTypeChecks.proto */
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
#define __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, type) __Pyx_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(obj), (PyTypeObject *)type)
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b);
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject *type);
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject *type1, PyObject *type2);
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#define __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, type) PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, (PyTypeObject *)type)
#define __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type) PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type)
#define __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, type1, type2) (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type1) || PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, type2))
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#define __Pyx_PyException_Check(obj) __Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, PyExc_Exception)

/* SwapException.proto */
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
#define __Pyx_ExceptionSwap(type, value, tb)  __Pyx__ExceptionSwap(__pyx_tstate, type, value, tb)
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx__ExceptionSwap(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb);
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ExceptionSwap(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb);
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/* PyObjectCallMethod1.proto */
static PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethod1(PyObject* obj, PyObject* method_name, PyObject* arg);
static PyObject* __Pyx__PyObject_CallMethod1(PyObject* method, PyObject* arg);

/* CoroutineBase.proto */
typedef PyObject *(*__pyx_coroutine_body_t)(PyObject *, PyThreadState *, PyObject *);
typedef struct {
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    __pyx_coroutine_body_t body;
    PyObject *closure;
    PyObject *exc_type;
    PyObject *exc_value;
    PyObject *exc_traceback;
    PyObject *gi_weakreflist;
    PyObject *classobj;
    PyObject *yieldfrom;
    PyObject *gi_name;
    PyObject *gi_qualname;
    PyObject *gi_modulename;
    PyObject *gi_code;
    int resume_label;
    char is_running;
} __pyx_CoroutineObject;
static __pyx_CoroutineObject *__Pyx__Coroutine_New(
    PyTypeObject *type, __pyx_coroutine_body_t body, PyObject *code, PyObject *closure,
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static __pyx_CoroutineObject *__Pyx__Coroutine_NewInit(
            __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen, __pyx_coroutine_body_t body, PyObject *code, PyObject *closure,
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static int __Pyx_Coroutine_clear(PyObject *self);
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Send(PyObject *self, PyObject *value);
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Close(PyObject *self);
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Throw(PyObject *gen, PyObject *args);
#define __Pyx_Coroutine_SwapException(self) {\
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    __Pyx_Coroutine_ResetFrameBackpointer(self);\
    }
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#define __Pyx_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(pvalue)\
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#define __Pyx_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(pvalue)\
    __Pyx_PyGen__FetchStopIterationValue(__Pyx_PyThreadState_Current, pvalue)
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static int __Pyx_PyGen__FetchStopIterationValue(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **pvalue);
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_Coroutine_ResetFrameBackpointer(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self);

/* PatchModuleWithCoroutine.proto */
static PyObject* __Pyx_Coroutine_patch_module(PyObject* module, const char* py_code);

/* PatchGeneratorABC.proto */
static int __Pyx_patch_abc(void);

/* Generator.proto */
#define __Pyx_Generator_USED
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_GeneratorType = 0;
#define __Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(obj) (Py_TYPE(obj) == __pyx_GeneratorType)
#define __Pyx_Generator_New(body, code, closure, name, qualname, module_name)\
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static PyObject *__Pyx_Generator_Next(PyObject *self);
static int __pyx_Generator_init(void);

/* CheckBinaryVersion.proto */
static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void);

/* PyIdentifierFromString.proto */
#if !defined(__Pyx_PyIdentifier_FromString)
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  #define __Pyx_PyIdentifier_FromString(s) PyUnicode_FromString(s)
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/* ModuleImport.proto */
static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name);

/* TypeImport.proto */
static PyTypeObject *__Pyx_ImportType(const char *module_name, const char *class_name, size_t size, int strict);

/* InitStrings.proto */
static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t);


/* Module declarations from 'cpython.buffer' */

/* Module declarations from 'libc.string' */

/* Module declarations from 'libc.stdio' */

/* Module declarations from '__builtin__' */

/* Module declarations from 'cpython.type' */
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_7cpython_4type_type = 0;

/* Module declarations from 'cpython' */

/* Module declarations from 'cpython.object' */

/* Module declarations from 'cpython.ref' */

/* Module declarations from 'cpython.mem' */

/* Module declarations from 'numpy' */

/* Module declarations from 'numpy' */
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_dtype = 0;
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_flatiter = 0;
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_broadcast = 0;
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray = 0;
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_5numpy_ufunc = 0;
static CYTHON_INLINE char *__pyx_f_5numpy__util_dtypestring(PyArray_Descr *, char *, char *, int *); /*proto*/

/* Module declarations from 'surprise.prediction_algorithms.matrix_factorization' */
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_8surprise_21prediction_algorithms_20matrix_factorization___pyx_scope_struct__estimate = 0;
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_8surprise_21prediction_algorithms_20matrix_factorization___pyx_scope_struct_1_genexpr = 0;
static __Pyx_TypeInfo __Pyx_TypeInfo_nn___pyx_t_5numpy_double_t = { "double_t", NULL, sizeof(__pyx_t_5numpy_double_t), { 0 }, 0, 'R', 0, 0 };
#define __Pyx_MODULE_NAME "surprise.prediction_algorithms.matrix_factorization"
extern int __pyx_module_is_main_surprise__prediction_algorithms__matrix_factorization;
int __pyx_module_is_main_surprise__prediction_algorithms__matrix_factorization = 0;

/* Implementation of 'surprise.prediction_algorithms.matrix_factorization' */
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_print;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_sum;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_ValueError;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_range;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_RuntimeError;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_ImportError;
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static const char __pyx_k_i[] = "i";
static const char __pyx_k_j[] = "j";
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static const char __pyx_k_bu[] = "bu";
static const char __pyx_k_ir[] = "ir";
static const char __pyx_k_np[] = "np";
static const char __pyx_k_pu[] = "pu";
static const char __pyx_k_qi[] = "qi";
static const char __pyx_k_ur[] = "ur";
static const char __pyx_k_yj[] = "yj";
static const char __pyx_k_NMF[] = "NMF";
static const char __pyx_k_SVD[] = "SVD";
static const char __pyx_k__27[] = "_";
static const char __pyx_k_doc[] = "__doc__";
static const char __pyx_k_dot[] = "dot";
static const char __pyx_k_err[] = "err";
static const char __pyx_k_est[] = "est";
static const char __pyx_k_fit[] = "fit";
static const char __pyx_k_puf[] = "puf";
static const char __pyx_k_qif[] = "qif";
static const char __pyx_k_rng[] = "rng";
static const char __pyx_k_sgd[] = "sgd";
static const char __pyx_k_sum[] = "sum";
static const char __pyx_k_args[] = "args";
static const char __pyx_k_init[] = "__init__";
static const char __pyx_k_main[] = "__main__";
static const char __pyx_k_self[] = "self";
static const char __pyx_k_send[] = "send";
static const char __pyx_k_size[] = "size";
static const char __pyx_k_sqrt[] = "sqrt";
static const char __pyx_k_test[] = "__test__";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp[] = "SVDpp";
static const char __pyx_k_close[] = "close";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_bi[] = "lr_bi";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_bu[] = "lr_bu";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_pu[] = "lr_pu";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_qi[] = "lr_qi";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_yj[] = "lr_yj";
static const char __pyx_k_numpy[] = "numpy";
static const char __pyx_k_print[] = "print";
static const char __pyx_k_range[] = "range";
static const char __pyx_k_throw[] = "throw";
static const char __pyx_k_utils[] = "utils";
static const char __pyx_k_zeros[] = "zeros";
static const char __pyx_k_biased[] = "biased";
static const char __pyx_k_double[] = "double";
static const char __pyx_k_format[] = "format";
static const char __pyx_k_import[] = "__import__";
static const char __pyx_k_lr_all[] = "lr_all";
static const char __pyx_k_module[] = "__module__";
static const char __pyx_k_normal[] = "normal";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_bi[] = "reg_bi";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_bu[] = "reg_bu";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_pu[] = "reg_pu";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_qi[] = "reg_qi";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_yj[] = "reg_yj";
static const char __pyx_k_NMF_fit[] = "NMF.fit";
static const char __pyx_k_NMF_sgd[] = "NMF.sgd";
static const char __pyx_k_SVD_fit[] = "SVD.fit";
static const char __pyx_k_SVD_sgd[] = "SVD.sgd";
static const char __pyx_k_genexpr[] = "genexpr";
static const char __pyx_k_get_rng[] = "get_rng";
static const char __pyx_k_n_items[] = "n_items";
static const char __pyx_k_n_users[] = "n_users";
static const char __pyx_k_prepare[] = "__prepare__";
static const char __pyx_k_reg_all[] = "reg_all";
static const char __pyx_k_sqrt_Iu[] = "sqrt_Iu";
static const char __pyx_k_uniform[] = "uniform";
static const char __pyx_k_verbose[] = "verbose";
static const char __pyx_k_AlgoBase[] = "AlgoBase";
static const char __pyx_k_estimate[] = "estimate";
static const char __pyx_k_init_low[] = "init_low";
static const char __pyx_k_item_num[] = "item_num";
static const char __pyx_k_n_epochs[] = "n_epochs";
static const char __pyx_k_qualname[] = "__qualname__";
static const char __pyx_k_trainset[] = "trainset";
static const char __pyx_k_user_num[] = "user_num";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp_fit[] = "SVDpp.fit";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp_sgd[] = "SVDpp.sgd";
static const char __pyx_k_algo_base[] = "algo_base";
static const char __pyx_k_all_items[] = "all_items";
static const char __pyx_k_all_users[] = "all_users";
static const char __pyx_k_init_high[] = "init_high";
static const char __pyx_k_init_mean[] = "init_mean";
static const char __pyx_k_metaclass[] = "__metaclass__";
static const char __pyx_k_n_factors[] = "n_factors";
static const char __pyx_k_n_ratings[] = "n_ratings";
static const char __pyx_k_six_moves[] = "six.moves";
static const char __pyx_k_NMF___init[] = "NMF.__init__";
static const char __pyx_k_SVD___init[] = "SVD.__init__";
static const char __pyx_k_ValueError[] = "ValueError";
static const char __pyx_k_item_denom[] = "item_denom";
static const char __pyx_k_known_item[] = "known_item";
static const char __pyx_k_known_user[] = "known_user";
static const char __pyx_k_knows_item[] = "knows_item";
static const char __pyx_k_knows_user[] = "knows_user";
static const char __pyx_k_u_impl_fdb[] = "u_impl_fdb";
static const char __pyx_k_user_denom[] = "user_denom";
static const char __pyx_k_ImportError[] = "ImportError";
static const char __pyx_k_all_ratings[] = "all_ratings";
static const char __pyx_k_global_mean[] = "global_mean";
static const char __pyx_k_predictions[] = "predictions";
static const char __pyx_k_NMF_estimate[] = "NMF.estimate";
static const char __pyx_k_RuntimeError[] = "RuntimeError";
static const char __pyx_k_SVD_estimate[] = "SVD.estimate";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp___init[] = "SVDpp.__init__";
static const char __pyx_k_init_std_dev[] = "init_std_dev";
static const char __pyx_k_random_state[] = "random_state";
static const char __pyx_k_current_epoch[] = "current_epoch";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp_estimate[] = "SVDpp.estimate";
static const char __pyx_k_u_impl_feedback[] = "u_impl_feedback";
static const char __pyx_k_Processing_epoch[] = "Processing epoch {}";
static const char __pyx_k_processing_epoch[] = " processing epoch {}";
static const char __pyx_k_cline_in_traceback[] = "cline_in_traceback";
static const char __pyx_k_PredictionImpossible[] = "PredictionImpossible";
static const char __pyx_k_User_and_item_are_unkown[] = "User and item are unkown.";
static const char __pyx_k_ndarray_is_not_C_contiguous[] = "ndarray is not C contiguous";
static const char __pyx_k_SVDpp_estimate_locals_genexpr[] = "SVDpp.estimate.<locals>.genexpr";
static const char __pyx_k_init_low_should_be_greater_than[] = "init_low should be greater than zero";
static const char __pyx_k_numpy_core_multiarray_failed_to[] = "numpy.core.multiarray failed to import";
static const char __pyx_k_the_mod_matrix_factorization_mo[] = "\nthe :mod:`matrix_factorization` module includes some algorithms using matrix\nfactorization.\n";
static const char __pyx_k_unknown_dtype_code_in_numpy_pxd[] = "unknown dtype code in numpy.pxd (%d)";
static const char __pyx_k_A_collaborative_filtering_algori[] = "A collaborative filtering algorithm based on Non-negative Matrix\n    Factorization.\n\n    This algorithm is very similar to :class:`SVD`. The prediction\n    :math:`\\hat{r}_{ui}` is set as:\n\n    .. math::\n        \\hat{r}_{ui} = q_i^Tp_u,\n\n    where user and item factors are kept **positive**. Our implementation\n    follows that suggested in :cite:`NMF:2014`, which is equivalent to\n    :cite:`Zhang96` in its non-regularized form. Both are direct applications\n    of NMF for dense matrices :cite:`NMF_algo`.\n\n    The optimization procedure is a (regularized) stochastic gradient descent\n    with a specific choice of step size that ensures non-negativity of factors,\n    provided that their initial values are also positive.\n\n    At each step of the SGD procedure, the factors :math:`f` or user :math:`u`\n    and item :math:`i` are updated as follows:\n\n    .. math::\n        p_{uf} &\\leftarrow p_{uf} &\\cdot \\frac{\\sum_{i \\in I_u} q_{if}\n        \\cdot r_{ui}}{\\sum_{i \\in I_u} q_{if} \\cdot \\hat{r_{ui}} +\n        \\lambda_u |I_u| p_{uf}}\\\\\n        q_{if} &\\leftarrow q_{if} &\\cdot \\frac{\\sum_{u \\in U_i} p_{uf}\n        \\cdot r_{ui}}{\\sum_{u \\in U_i} p_{uf} \\cdot \\hat{r_{ui}} +\n        \\lambda_i |U_i| q_{if}}\\\\\n\n    where :math:`\\lambda_u` and :math:`\\lambda_i` are regularization\n    parameters.\n\n    This algorithm is highly dependent on initial values. User and item factors\n    are uniformly initialized between ``init_low`` and ``init_high``. Change\n    them at your own risks!\n\n    A biased version is available by setting the ``biased`` parameter to\n    ``True``. In this case, the prediction is set as\n\n    .. math::\n        \\hat{r}_{ui} = \\mu + b_u + b_i + q_i^Tp_u,\n\n    still ensuring positive factors. Baselines are optimized in the same way as\n    in the :class:`SVD` algorithm. While yielding better accuracy, the biased\n    version seems highly prone to overfitting so you may want to reduce the\n    number o""f factors (or increase regularization).\n\n    Args:\n        n_factors: The number of factors. Default is ``15``.\n        n_epochs: The number of iteration of the SGD procedure. Default is\n            ``50``.\n        biased(bool): Whether to use baselines (or biases). Default is\n            ``False``.\n        reg_pu: The regularization term for users :math:`\\lambda_u`. Default is\n            ``0.06``.\n        reg_qi: The regularization term for items :math:`\\lambda_i`. Default is\n            ``0.06``.\n        reg_bu: The regularization term for :math:`b_u`. Only relevant for\n            biased version. Default is ``0.02``.\n        reg_bi: The regularization term for :math:`b_i`. Only relevant for\n            biased version. Default is ``0.02``.\n        lr_bu: The learning rate for :math:`b_u`. Only relevant for biased\n            version. Default is ``0.005``.\n        lr_bi: The learning rate for :math:`b_i`. Only relevant for biased\n            version. Default is ``0.005``.\n        init_low: Lower bound for random initialization of factors. Must be\n            greater than ``0`` to ensure non-negative factors. Default is\n            ``0``.\n        init_high: Higher bound for random initialization of factors. Default\n            is ``1``.\n        random_state(int, RandomState instance from numpy, or ``None``):\n            Determines the RNG that will be used for initialization. If\n            int, ``random_state`` will be used as a seed for a new RNG. This is\n            useful to get the same initialization over multiple calls to\n            ``fit()``.  If RandomState instance, this same instance is used as\n            RNG. If ``None``, the current RNG from numpy is used.  Default is\n            ``None``.\n        verbose: If ``True``, prints the current epoch. Default is ``False``.\n\n    Attributes:\n        pu(numpy array of size (n_users, n_factors)): The user factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n     ""   qi(numpy array of size (n_items, n_factors)): The item factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bu(numpy array of size (n_users)): The user biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bi(numpy array of size (n_items)): The item biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n    ";
static const char __pyx_k_Format_string_allocated_too_shor[] = "Format string allocated too short, see comment in numpy.pxd";
static const char __pyx_k_Non_native_byte_order_not_suppor[] = "Non-native byte order not supported";
static const char __pyx_k_The_SVD_algorithm_an_extension_o[] = "The *SVD++* algorithm, an extension of :class:`SVD` taking into account\n    implicit ratings.\n\n    The prediction :math:`\\hat{r}_{ui}` is set as:\n\n    .. math::\n        \\hat{r}_{ui} = \\mu + b_u + b_i + q_i^T\\left(p_u +\n        |I_u|^{-\\frac{1}{2}} \\sum_{j \\in I_u}y_j\\right)\n\n    Where the :math:`y_j` terms are a new set of item factors that capture\n    implicit ratings. Here, an implicit rating describes the fact that a user\n    :math:`u` rated an item :math:`j`, regardless of the rating value.\n\n    If user :math:`u` is unknown, then the bias :math:`b_u` and the factors\n    :math:`p_u` are assumed to be zero. The same applies for item :math:`i`\n    with :math:`b_i`, :math:`q_i` and :math:`y_i`.\n\n\n    For details, see section 4 of :cite:`Koren:2008:FMN`. See also\n    :cite:`Ricci:2010`, section 5.3.1.\n\n    Just as for :class:`SVD`, the parameters are learned using a SGD on the\n    regularized squared error objective.\n\n    Baselines are initialized to ``0``. User and item factors are randomly\n    initialized according to a normal distribution, which can be tuned using\n    the ``init_mean`` and ``init_std_dev`` parameters.\n\n    You have control over the learning rate :math:`\\gamma` and the\n    regularization term :math:`\\lambda`. Both can be different for each\n    kind of parameter (see below). By default, learning rates are set to\n    ``0.005`` and regularization terms are set to ``0.02``.\n\n    Args:\n        n_factors: The number of factors. Default is ``20``.\n        n_epochs: The number of iteration of the SGD procedure. Default is\n            ``20``.\n        init_mean: The mean of the normal distribution for factor vectors\n            initialization. Default is ``0``.\n        init_std_dev: The standard deviation of the normal distribution for\n            factor vectors initialization. Default is ``0.1``.\n        lr_all: The learning rate for all parameters. Default is ``0.007``.\n        reg_all: The regularization"" term for all parameters. Default is\n            ``0.02``.\n        lr_bu: The learning rate for :math:`b_u`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_bi: The learning rate for :math:`b_i`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_pu: The learning rate for :math:`p_u`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_qi: The learning rate for :math:`q_i`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_yj: The learning rate for :math:`y_j`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_bu: The regularization term for :math:`b_u`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_bi: The regularization term for :math:`b_i`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_pu: The regularization term for :math:`p_u`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_qi: The regularization term for :math:`q_i`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_yj: The regularization term for :math:`y_j`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        random_state(int, RandomState instance from numpy, or ``None``):\n            Determines the RNG that will be used for initialization. If\n            int, ``random_state`` will be used as a seed for a new RNG. This is\n            useful to get the same initialization over multiple calls to\n            ``fit()``.  If RandomState instance, this same instance is used as\n            RNG. If ``None``, the current RNG from numpy is used.  Default is\n            ``None``.\n        verbose: If ``True``, prints the current epoch. Default is ``False``.\n\n    Attributes:\n        pu(numpy array of size (n_users, n_factors)): The"" user factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        qi(numpy array of size (n_items, n_factors)): The item factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        yj(numpy array of size (n_items, n_factors)): The (implicit) item\n            factors (only exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bu(numpy array of size (n_users)): The user biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bi(numpy array of size (n_items)): The item biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n    ";
static const char __pyx_k_The_famous_SVD_algorithm_as_popu[] = "The famous *SVD* algorithm, as popularized by `Simon Funk\n    <http://sifter.org/~simon/journal/20061211.html>`_ during the Netflix\n    Prize. When baselines are not used, this is equivalent to Probabilistic\n    Matrix Factorization :cite:`salakhutdinov2008a` (see :ref:`note\n    <unbiased_note>` below).\n\n    The prediction :math:`\\hat{r}_{ui}` is set as:\n\n    .. math::\n        \\hat{r}_{ui} = \\mu + b_u + b_i + q_i^Tp_u\n\n    If user :math:`u` is unknown, then the bias :math:`b_u` and the factors\n    :math:`p_u` are assumed to be zero. The same applies for item :math:`i`\n    with :math:`b_i` and :math:`q_i`.\n\n    For details, see equation (5) from :cite:`Koren:2009`. See also\n    :cite:`Ricci:2010`, section 5.3.1.\n\n    To estimate all the unknown, we minimize the following regularized squared\n    error:\n\n    .. math::\n        \\sum_{r_{ui} \\in R_{train}} \\left(r_{ui} - \\hat{r}_{ui} \\right)^2 +\n        \\lambda\\left(b_i^2 + b_u^2 + ||q_i||^2 + ||p_u||^2\\right)\n\n\n    The minimization is performed by a very straightforward stochastic gradient\n    descent:\n\n    .. math::\n        b_u &\\leftarrow b_u &+ \\gamma (e_{ui} - \\lambda b_u)\\\\\n        b_i &\\leftarrow b_i &+ \\gamma (e_{ui} - \\lambda b_i)\\\\\n        p_u &\\leftarrow p_u &+ \\gamma (e_{ui} \\cdot q_i - \\lambda p_u)\\\\\n        q_i &\\leftarrow q_i &+ \\gamma (e_{ui} \\cdot p_u - \\lambda q_i)\n\n    where :math:`e_{ui} = r_{ui} - \\hat{r}_{ui}`. These steps are performed\n    over all the ratings of the trainset and repeated ``n_epochs`` times.\n    Baselines are initialized to ``0``. User and item factors are randomly\n    initialized according to a normal distribution, which can be tuned using\n    the ``init_mean`` and ``init_std_dev`` parameters.\n\n    You also have control over the learning rate :math:`\\gamma` and the\n    regularization term :math:`\\lambda`. Both can be different for each\n    kind of parameter (see below). By default, learning rates are set t""o\n    ``0.005`` and regularization terms are set to ``0.02``.\n\n    .. _unbiased_note:\n\n    .. note::\n        You can choose to use an unbiased version of this algorithm, simply\n        predicting:\n\n        .. math::\n            \\hat{r}_{ui} = q_i^Tp_u\n\n        This is equivalent to Probabilistic Matrix Factorization\n        (:cite:`salakhutdinov2008a`, section 2) and can be achieved by setting\n        the ``biased`` parameter to ``False``.\n\n\n    Args:\n        n_factors: The number of factors. Default is ``100``.\n        n_epochs: The number of iteration of the SGD procedure. Default is\n            ``20``.\n        biased(bool): Whether to use baselines (or biases). See :ref:`note\n            <unbiased_note>` above.  Default is ``True``.\n        init_mean: The mean of the normal distribution for factor vectors\n            initialization. Default is ``0``.\n        init_std_dev: The standard deviation of the normal distribution for\n            factor vectors initialization. Default is ``0.1``.\n        lr_all: The learning rate for all parameters. Default is ``0.005``.\n        reg_all: The regularization term for all parameters. Default is\n            ``0.02``.\n        lr_bu: The learning rate for :math:`b_u`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_bi: The learning rate for :math:`b_i`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_pu: The learning rate for :math:`p_u`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        lr_qi: The learning rate for :math:`q_i`. Takes precedence over\n            ``lr_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_bu: The regularization term for :math:`b_u`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_bi: The regularization term for :math:`b_i`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_pu: The re""gularization term for :math:`p_u`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        reg_qi: The regularization term for :math:`q_i`. Takes precedence\n            over ``reg_all`` if set. Default is ``None``.\n        random_state(int, RandomState instance from numpy, or ``None``):\n            Determines the RNG that will be used for initialization. If\n            int, ``random_state`` will be used as a seed for a new RNG. This is\n            useful to get the same initialization over multiple calls to\n            ``fit()``.  If RandomState instance, this same instance is used as\n            RNG. If ``None``, the current RNG from numpy is used.  Default is\n            ``None``.\n        verbose: If ``True``, prints the current epoch. Default is ``False``.\n\n    Attributes:\n        pu(numpy array of size (n_users, n_factors)): The user factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        qi(numpy array of size (n_items, n_factors)): The item factors (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bu(numpy array of size (n_users)): The user biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n        bi(numpy array of size (n_items)): The item biases (only\n            exists if ``fit()`` has been called)\n    ";
static const char __pyx_k_ndarray_is_not_Fortran_contiguou[] = "ndarray is not Fortran contiguous";
static const char __pyx_k_numpy_core_umath_failed_to_impor[] = "numpy.core.umath failed to import";
static const char __pyx_k_surprise_prediction_algorithms_m[] = "surprise.prediction_algorithms.matrix_factorization";
static const char __pyx_k_Format_string_allocated_too_shor_2[] = "Format string allocated too short.";
static const char __pyx_k_surprise_prediction_algorithms_m_2[] = "surprise/prediction_algorithms/matrix_factorization.pyx";
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_A_collaborative_filtering_algori;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_AlgoBase;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_Format_string_allocated_too_shor;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_Format_string_allocated_too_shor_2;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_ImportError;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_Iu;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NMF;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NMF___init;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NMF_estimate;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NMF_fit;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NMF_sgd;
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static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_Processing_epoch;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_RuntimeError;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVD;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVD___init;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVD_estimate;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVD_fit;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVD_sgd;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp___init;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp_estimate;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp_estimate_locals_genexpr;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp_fit;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_SVDpp_sgd;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_The_SVD_algorithm_an_extension_o;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_The_famous_SVD_algorithm_as_popu;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_all_items;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_all_ratings;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_all_users;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_args;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_bi;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_biased;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_bu;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_cline_in_traceback;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_close;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_current_epoch;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_doc;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_dot;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_double;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_err;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_estimate;
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static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_init_low_should_be_greater_than;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_init_mean;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_item_num;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_lr_pu;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_lr_qi;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_lr_yj;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_n_factors;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_n_items;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_n_ratings;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_n_users;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_trainset;
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static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_u_impl_feedback;
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static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_unknown_dtype_code_in_numpy_pxd;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_ur;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_user_denom;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_user_num;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_utils;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_verbose;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_yj;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_zeros;
static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8surprise_21prediction_algorithms_20matrix_factorization_3SVD___init__(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_n_factors, PyObject *__pyx_v_n_epochs, PyObject *__pyx_v_biased, PyObject *__pyx_v_init_mean, PyObject *__pyx_v_init_std_dev, PyObject *__pyx_v_lr_all, PyObject *__pyx_v_reg_all, PyObject *__pyx_v_lr_bu, PyObject *__pyx_v_lr_bi, PyObject *__pyx_v_lr_pu, PyObject *__pyx_v_lr_qi, PyObject *__pyx_v_reg_bu, PyObject *__pyx_v_reg_bi, PyObject *__pyx_v_reg_pu, PyObject *__pyx_v_reg_qi, PyObject *__pyx_v_random_state, PyObject *__pyx_v_verbose); /* proto */
static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8surprise_21prediction_algorithms_20matrix_factorization_3SVD_2fit(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_trainset); /* proto */
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static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8surprise_21prediction_algorithms_20matrix_factorization_3SVD_6estimate(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_u, PyObject *__pyx_v_i); /* proto */
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 *                 info.shape = <Py_ssize_t*>PyArray_DIMS(self)
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 * 
 *             cdef int t
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 *             cdef int t
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 *             cdef dtype descr = self.descr             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *             cdef int offset
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 *             info.obj = self             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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 * 
 *             if not PyDataType_HASFIELDS(descr):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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 * 
 *             if not PyDataType_HASFIELDS(descr):
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 *             if not PyDataType_HASFIELDS(descr):
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 *                 if   t == NPY_BYTE:        f = "b"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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 *                     raise ValueError(u"Non-native byte order not supported")
 *                 if   t == NPY_BYTE:        f = "b"
 *                 elif t == NPY_UBYTE:       f = "B"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_SHORT:       f = "h"
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 */
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 *                 if   t == NPY_BYTE:        f = "b"
 *                 elif t == NPY_UBYTE:       f = "B"
 *                 elif t == NPY_SHORT:       f = "h"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_USHORT:      f = "H"
 *                 elif t == NPY_INT:         f = "i"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":267
 *                 elif t == NPY_UBYTE:       f = "B"
 *                 elif t == NPY_SHORT:       f = "h"
 *                 elif t == NPY_USHORT:      f = "H"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_INT:         f = "i"
 *                 elif t == NPY_UINT:        f = "I"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":268
 *                 elif t == NPY_SHORT:       f = "h"
 *                 elif t == NPY_USHORT:      f = "H"
 *                 elif t == NPY_INT:         f = "i"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_UINT:        f = "I"
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":269
 *                 elif t == NPY_USHORT:      f = "H"
 *                 elif t == NPY_INT:         f = "i"
 *                 elif t == NPY_UINT:        f = "I"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":270
 *                 elif t == NPY_INT:         f = "i"
 *                 elif t == NPY_UINT:        f = "I"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONG:        f = "l"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONG:       f = "L"
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 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":271
 *                 elif t == NPY_UINT:        f = "I"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONG:        f = "l"
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONG:       f = "L"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGLONG:    f = "q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONGLONG:   f = "Q"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":272
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONG:        f = "l"
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONG:       f = "L"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGLONG:    f = "q"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONGLONG:   f = "Q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_FLOAT:       f = "f"
 */
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      __pyx_v_f = ((char *)"q");
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":273
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONG:       f = "L"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGLONG:    f = "q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONGLONG:   f = "Q"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_FLOAT:       f = "f"
 *                 elif t == NPY_DOUBLE:      f = "d"
 */
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      __pyx_v_f = ((char *)"Q");
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":274
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGLONG:    f = "q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONGLONG:   f = "Q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_FLOAT:       f = "f"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_DOUBLE:      f = "d"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGDOUBLE:  f = "g"
 */
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      __pyx_v_f = ((char *)"f");
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":275
 *                 elif t == NPY_ULONGLONG:   f = "Q"
 *                 elif t == NPY_FLOAT:       f = "f"
 *                 elif t == NPY_DOUBLE:      f = "d"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGDOUBLE:  f = "g"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CFLOAT:      f = "Zf"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":276
 *                 elif t == NPY_FLOAT:       f = "f"
 *                 elif t == NPY_DOUBLE:      f = "d"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGDOUBLE:  f = "g"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_CFLOAT:      f = "Zf"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CDOUBLE:     f = "Zd"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":277
 *                 elif t == NPY_DOUBLE:      f = "d"
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGDOUBLE:  f = "g"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CFLOAT:      f = "Zf"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_CDOUBLE:     f = "Zd"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CLONGDOUBLE: f = "Zg"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":278
 *                 elif t == NPY_LONGDOUBLE:  f = "g"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CFLOAT:      f = "Zf"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CDOUBLE:     f = "Zd"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_CLONGDOUBLE: f = "Zg"
 *                 elif t == NPY_OBJECT:      f = "O"
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":279
 *                 elif t == NPY_CFLOAT:      f = "Zf"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CDOUBLE:     f = "Zd"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CLONGDOUBLE: f = "Zg"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 elif t == NPY_OBJECT:      f = "O"
 *                 else:
 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":280
 *                 elif t == NPY_CDOUBLE:     f = "Zd"
 *                 elif t == NPY_CLONGDOUBLE: f = "Zg"
 *                 elif t == NPY_OBJECT:      f = "O"             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *                 else:
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 */
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      /* "../.virtualenvs/tmp-5de6994c7f8441e/lib/python3.6/site-packages/Cython/Includes/numpy/__init__.pxd":282
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/* PyObjectGetAttrStr */
#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(PyObject* obj, PyObject* attr_name) {
    PyTypeObject* tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
    if (likely(tp->tp_getattro))
        return tp->tp_getattro(obj, attr_name);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(tp->tp_getattr))
        return tp->tp_getattr(obj, PyString_AS_STRING(attr_name));
#endif
    return PyObject_GetAttr(obj, attr_name);
}
#endif

/* GetBuiltinName */
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetBuiltinName(PyObject *name) {
    PyObject* result = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(__pyx_b, name);
    if (unlikely(!result)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_NameError,
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
            "name '%U' is not defined", name);
#else
            "name '%.200s' is not defined", PyString_AS_STRING(name));
#endif
    }
    return result;
}

/* RaiseDoubleKeywords */
static void __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(
    const char* func_name,
    PyObject* kw_name)
{
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
        "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%U'", func_name, kw_name);
        #else
        "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%s'", func_name,
        PyString_AsString(kw_name));
        #endif
}

/* ParseKeywords */
static int __Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(
    PyObject *kwds,
    PyObject **argnames[],
    PyObject *kwds2,
    PyObject *values[],
    Py_ssize_t num_pos_args,
    const char* function_name)
{
    PyObject *key = 0, *value = 0;
    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
    PyObject*** name;
    PyObject*** first_kw_arg = argnames + num_pos_args;
    while (PyDict_Next(kwds, &pos, &key, &value)) {
        name = first_kw_arg;
        while (*name && (**name != key)) name++;
        if (*name) {
            values[name-argnames] = value;
            continue;
        }
        name = first_kw_arg;
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (likely(PyString_CheckExact(key)) || likely(PyString_Check(key))) {
            while (*name) {
                if ((CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || PyString_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key))
                        && _PyString_Eq(**name, key)) {
                    values[name-argnames] = value;
                    break;
                }
                name++;
            }
            if (*name) continue;
            else {
                PyObject*** argname = argnames;
                while (argname != first_kw_arg) {
                    if ((**argname == key) || (
                            (CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || PyString_GET_SIZE(**argname) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key))
                             && _PyString_Eq(**argname, key))) {
                        goto arg_passed_twice;
                    }
                    argname++;
                }
            }
        } else
        #endif
        if (likely(PyUnicode_Check(key))) {
            while (*name) {
                int cmp = (**name == key) ? 0 :
                #if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                    (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :
                #endif
                    PyUnicode_Compare(**name, key);
                if (cmp < 0 && unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) goto bad;
                if (cmp == 0) {
                    values[name-argnames] = value;
                    break;
                }
                name++;
            }
            if (*name) continue;
            else {
                PyObject*** argname = argnames;
                while (argname != first_kw_arg) {
                    int cmp = (**argname == key) ? 0 :
                    #if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                        (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :
                    #endif
                        PyUnicode_Compare(**argname, key);
                    if (cmp < 0 && unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) goto bad;
                    if (cmp == 0) goto arg_passed_twice;
                    argname++;
                }
            }
        } else
            goto invalid_keyword_type;
        if (kwds2) {
            if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItem(kwds2, key, value))) goto bad;
        } else {
            goto invalid_keyword;
        }
    }
    return 0;
arg_passed_twice:
    __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(function_name, key);
    goto bad;
invalid_keyword_type:
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
        "%.200s() keywords must be strings", function_name);
    goto bad;
invalid_keyword:
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        "%.200s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%.200s'",
        function_name, PyString_AsString(key));
    #else
        "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'",
        function_name, key);
    #endif
bad:
    return -1;
}

/* RaiseArgTupleInvalid */
static void __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid(
    const char* func_name,
    int exact,
    Py_ssize_t num_min,
    Py_ssize_t num_max,
    Py_ssize_t num_found)
{
    Py_ssize_t num_expected;
    const char *more_or_less;
    if (num_found < num_min) {
        num_expected = num_min;
        more_or_less = "at least";
    } else {
        num_expected = num_max;
        more_or_less = "at most";
    }
    if (exact) {
        more_or_less = "exactly";
    }
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                 "%.200s() takes %.8s %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d positional argument%.1s (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d given)",
                 func_name, more_or_less, num_expected,
                 (num_expected == 1) ? "" : "s", num_found);
}

/* PyObjectSetAttrStr */
#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_SetAttrStr(PyObject* obj, PyObject* attr_name, PyObject* value) {
    PyTypeObject* tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
    if (likely(tp->tp_setattro))
        return tp->tp_setattro(obj, attr_name, value);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(tp->tp_setattr))
        return tp->tp_setattr(obj, PyString_AS_STRING(attr_name), value);
#endif
    return PyObject_SetAttr(obj, attr_name, value);
}
#endif

/* GetModuleGlobalName */
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetModuleGlobalName(PyObject *name) {
    PyObject *result;
#if !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030500A1
    result = _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(__pyx_d, name, ((PyASCIIObject *) name)->hash);
    if (likely(result)) {
        Py_INCREF(result);
    } else if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) {
        result = NULL;
    } else {
#else
    result = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_d, name);
    if (likely(result)) {
        Py_INCREF(result);
    } else {
#endif
#else
    result = PyObject_GetItem(__pyx_d, name);
    if (!result) {
        PyErr_Clear();
#endif
        result = __Pyx_GetBuiltinName(name);
    }
    return result;
}

/* PyCFunctionFastCall */
    #if CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyCFunction_FastCall(PyObject *func_obj, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t nargs) {
    PyCFunctionObject *func = (PyCFunctionObject*)func_obj;
    PyCFunction meth = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(func);
    PyObject *self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func);
    int flags = PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func);
    assert(PyCFunction_Check(func));
    assert(METH_FASTCALL == (flags & ~(METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC | METH_COEXIST | METH_KEYWORDS)));
    assert(nargs >= 0);
    assert(nargs == 0 || args != NULL);
    /* _PyCFunction_FastCallDict() must not be called with an exception set,
       because it may clear it (directly or indirectly) and so the
       caller loses its exception */
    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
    if ((PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030700A0) || unlikely(flags & METH_KEYWORDS)) {
        return (*((__Pyx_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)meth)) (self, args, nargs, NULL);
    } else {
        return (*((__Pyx_PyCFunctionFast)meth)) (self, args, nargs);
    }
}
#endif

/* PyFunctionFastCall */
    #if CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
#include "frameobject.h"
static PyObject* __Pyx_PyFunction_FastCallNoKw(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject **args, Py_ssize_t na,
                                               PyObject *globals) {
    PyFrameObject *f;
    PyThreadState *tstate = __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
    PyObject **fastlocals;
    Py_ssize_t i;
    PyObject *result;
    assert(globals != NULL);
    /* XXX Perhaps we should create a specialized
       PyFrame_New() that doesn't take locals, but does
       take builtins without sanity checking them.
       */
    assert(tstate != NULL);
    f = PyFrame_New(tstate, co, globals, NULL);
    if (f == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    fastlocals = f->f_localsplus;
    for (i = 0; i < na; i++) {
        Py_INCREF(*args);
        fastlocals[i] = *args++;
    }
    result = PyEval_EvalFrameEx(f,0);
    ++tstate->recursion_depth;
    Py_DECREF(f);
    --tstate->recursion_depth;
    return result;
}
#if 1 || PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030600B1
static PyObject *__Pyx_PyFunction_FastCallDict(PyObject *func, PyObject **args, int nargs, PyObject *kwargs) {
    PyCodeObject *co = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func);
    PyObject *globals = PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func);
    PyObject *argdefs = PyFunction_GET_DEFAULTS(func);
    PyObject *closure;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    PyObject *kwdefs;
#endif
    PyObject *kwtuple, **k;
    PyObject **d;
    Py_ssize_t nd;
    Py_ssize_t nk;
    PyObject *result;
    assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_Check(kwargs));
    nk = kwargs ? PyDict_Size(kwargs) : 0;
    if (Py_EnterRecursiveCall((char*)" while calling a Python object")) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
            co->co_kwonlyargcount == 0 &&
#endif
            likely(kwargs == NULL || nk == 0) &&
            co->co_flags == (CO_OPTIMIZED | CO_NEWLOCALS | CO_NOFREE)) {
        if (argdefs == NULL && co->co_argcount == nargs) {
            result = __Pyx_PyFunction_FastCallNoKw(co, args, nargs, globals);
            goto done;
        }
        else if (nargs == 0 && argdefs != NULL
                 && co->co_argcount == Py_SIZE(argdefs)) {
            /* function called with no arguments, but all parameters have
               a default value: use default values as arguments .*/
            args = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
            result =__Pyx_PyFunction_FastCallNoKw(co, args, Py_SIZE(argdefs), globals);
            goto done;
        }
    }
    if (kwargs != NULL) {
        Py_ssize_t pos, i;
        kwtuple = PyTuple_New(2 * nk);
        if (kwtuple == NULL) {
            result = NULL;
            goto done;
        }
        k = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(kwtuple, 0);
        pos = i = 0;
        while (PyDict_Next(kwargs, &pos, &k[i], &k[i+1])) {
            Py_INCREF(k[i]);
            Py_INCREF(k[i+1]);
            i += 2;
        }
        nk = i / 2;
    }
    else {
        kwtuple = NULL;
        k = NULL;
    }
    closure = PyFunction_GET_CLOSURE(func);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    kwdefs = PyFunction_GET_KW_DEFAULTS(func);
#endif
    if (argdefs != NULL) {
        d = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(argdefs, 0);
        nd = Py_SIZE(argdefs);
    }
    else {
        d = NULL;
        nd = 0;
    }
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    result = PyEval_EvalCodeEx((PyObject*)co, globals, (PyObject *)NULL,
                               args, nargs,
                               k, (int)nk,
                               d, (int)nd, kwdefs, closure);
#else
    result = PyEval_EvalCodeEx(co, globals, (PyObject *)NULL,
                               args, nargs,
                               k, (int)nk,
                               d, (int)nd, closure);
#endif
    Py_XDECREF(kwtuple);
done:
    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
    return result;
}
#endif
#endif

/* PyObjectCall */
    #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_Call(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg, PyObject *kw) {
    PyObject *result;
    ternaryfunc call = func->ob_type->tp_call;
    if (unlikely(!call))
        return PyObject_Call(func, arg, kw);
    if (unlikely(Py_EnterRecursiveCall((char*)" while calling a Python object")))
        return NULL;
    result = (*call)(func, arg, kw);
    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
    if (unlikely(!result) && unlikely(!PyErr_Occurred())) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            PyExc_SystemError,
            "NULL result without error in PyObject_Call");
    }
    return result;
}
#endif

/* PyObjectCallMethO */
    #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *self, *result;
    PyCFunction cfunc;
    cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(func);
    self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func);
    if (unlikely(Py_EnterRecursiveCall((char*)" while calling a Python object")))
        return NULL;
    result = cfunc(self, arg);
    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
    if (unlikely(!result) && unlikely(!PyErr_Occurred())) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            PyExc_SystemError,
            "NULL result without error in PyObject_Call");
    }
    return result;
}
#endif

/* PyObjectCallOneArg */
    #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static PyObject* __Pyx__PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *result;
    PyObject *args = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (unlikely(!args)) return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, arg);
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(args);
    return result;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
#if CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
    if (PyFunction_Check(func)) {
        return __Pyx_PyFunction_FastCall(func, &arg, 1);
    }
#endif
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func))) {
        if (likely(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_O)) {
            return __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(func, arg);
#if CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL
        } else if (PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_FASTCALL) {
            return __Pyx_PyCFunction_FastCall(func, &arg, 1);
#endif
        }
    }
    return __Pyx__PyObject_CallOneArg(func, arg);
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *result;
    PyObject *args = PyTuple_Pack(1, arg);
    if (unlikely(!args)) return NULL;
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(args);
    return result;
}
#endif

/* ExtTypeTest */
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) {
    if (unlikely(!type)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
        return 0;
    }
    if (likely(__Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, type)))
        return 1;
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert %.200s to %.200s",
                 Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, type->tp_name);
    return 0;
}

/* IsLittleEndian */
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_Is_Little_Endian(void)
{
  union {
    uint32_t u32;
    uint8_t u8[4];
  } S;
  S.u32 = 0x01020304;
  return S.u8[0] == 4;
}

/* BufferFormatCheck */
    static void __Pyx_BufFmt_Init(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx,
                              __Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem* stack,
                              __Pyx_TypeInfo* type) {
  stack[0].field = &ctx->root;
  stack[0].parent_offset = 0;
  ctx->root.type = type;
  ctx->root.name = "buffer dtype";
  ctx->root.offset = 0;
  ctx->head = stack;
  ctx->head->field = &ctx->root;
  ctx->fmt_offset = 0;
  ctx->head->parent_offset = 0;
  ctx->new_packmode = '@';
  ctx->enc_packmode = '@';
  ctx->new_count = 1;
  ctx->enc_count = 0;
  ctx->enc_type = 0;
  ctx->is_complex = 0;
  ctx->is_valid_array = 0;
  ctx->struct_alignment = 0;
  while (type->typegroup == 'S') {
    ++ctx->head;
    ctx->head->field = type->fields;
    ctx->head->parent_offset = 0;
    type = type->fields->type;
  }
}
static int __Pyx_BufFmt_ParseNumber(const char** ts) {
    int count;
    const char* t = *ts;
    if (*t < '0' || *t > '9') {
      return -1;
    } else {
        count = *t++ - '0';
        while (*t >= '0' && *t < '9') {
            count *= 10;
            count += *t++ - '0';
        }
    }
    *ts = t;
    return count;
}
static int __Pyx_BufFmt_ExpectNumber(const char **ts) {
    int number = __Pyx_BufFmt_ParseNumber(ts);
    if (number == -1)
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,\
                     "Does not understand character buffer dtype format string ('%c')", **ts);
    return number;
}
static void __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(char ch) {
  PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
               "Unexpected format string character: '%c'", ch);
}
static const char* __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(char ch, int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case 'c': return "'char'";
    case 'b': return "'signed char'";
    case 'B': return "'unsigned char'";
    case 'h': return "'short'";
    case 'H': return "'unsigned short'";
    case 'i': return "'int'";
    case 'I': return "'unsigned int'";
    case 'l': return "'long'";
    case 'L': return "'unsigned long'";
    case 'q': return "'long long'";
    case 'Q': return "'unsigned long long'";
    case 'f': return (is_complex ? "'complex float'" : "'float'");
    case 'd': return (is_complex ? "'complex double'" : "'double'");
    case 'g': return (is_complex ? "'complex long double'" : "'long double'");
    case 'T': return "a struct";
    case 'O': return "Python object";
    case 'P': return "a pointer";
    case 's': case 'p': return "a string";
    case 0: return "end";
    default: return "unparseable format string";
  }
}
static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToStandardSize(char ch, int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case '?': case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 's': case 'p': return 1;
    case 'h': case 'H': return 2;
    case 'i': case 'I': case 'l': case 'L': return 4;
    case 'q': case 'Q': return 8;
    case 'f': return (is_complex ? 8 : 4);
    case 'd': return (is_complex ? 16 : 8);
    case 'g': {
      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Python does not define a standard format string size for long double ('g')..");
      return 0;
    }
    case 'O': case 'P': return sizeof(void*);
    default:
      __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
      return 0;
    }
}
static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToNativeSize(char ch, int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 's': case 'p': return 1;
    case 'h': case 'H': return sizeof(short);
    case 'i': case 'I': return sizeof(int);
    case 'l': case 'L': return sizeof(long);
    #ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
    case 'q': case 'Q': return sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG);
    #endif
    case 'f': return sizeof(float) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
    case 'd': return sizeof(double) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
    case 'g': return sizeof(long double) * (is_complex ? 2 : 1);
    case 'O': case 'P': return sizeof(void*);
    default: {
      __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
      return 0;
    }
  }
}
typedef struct { char c; short x; } __Pyx_st_short;
typedef struct { char c; int x; } __Pyx_st_int;
typedef struct { char c; long x; } __Pyx_st_long;
typedef struct { char c; float x; } __Pyx_st_float;
typedef struct { char c; double x; } __Pyx_st_double;
typedef struct { char c; long double x; } __Pyx_st_longdouble;
typedef struct { char c; void *x; } __Pyx_st_void_p;
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
typedef struct { char c; PY_LONG_LONG x; } __Pyx_st_longlong;
#endif
static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToAlignment(char ch, CYTHON_UNUSED int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case '?': case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 's': case 'p': return 1;
    case 'h': case 'H': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_short) - sizeof(short);
    case 'i': case 'I': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_int) - sizeof(int);
    case 'l': case 'L': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_long) - sizeof(long);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
    case 'q': case 'Q': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_longlong) - sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG);
#endif
    case 'f': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_float) - sizeof(float);
    case 'd': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_double) - sizeof(double);
    case 'g': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_longdouble) - sizeof(long double);
    case 'P': case 'O': return sizeof(__Pyx_st_void_p) - sizeof(void*);
    default:
      __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
      return 0;
    }
}
/* These are for computing the padding at the end of the struct to align
   on the first member of the struct. This will probably the same as above,
   but we don't have any guarantees.
 */
typedef struct { short x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_short;
typedef struct { int x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_int;
typedef struct { long x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_long;
typedef struct { float x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_float;
typedef struct { double x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_double;
typedef struct { long double x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_longdouble;
typedef struct { void *x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_void_p;
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
typedef struct { PY_LONG_LONG x; char c; } __Pyx_pad_longlong;
#endif
static size_t __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToPadding(char ch, CYTHON_UNUSED int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case '?': case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 's': case 'p': return 1;
    case 'h': case 'H': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_short) - sizeof(short);
    case 'i': case 'I': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_int) - sizeof(int);
    case 'l': case 'L': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_long) - sizeof(long);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
    case 'q': case 'Q': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_longlong) - sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG);
#endif
    case 'f': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_float) - sizeof(float);
    case 'd': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_double) - sizeof(double);
    case 'g': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_longdouble) - sizeof(long double);
    case 'P': case 'O': return sizeof(__Pyx_pad_void_p) - sizeof(void*);
    default:
      __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
      return 0;
    }
}
static char __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToGroup(char ch, int is_complex) {
  switch (ch) {
    case 'c':
        return 'H';
    case 'b': case 'h': case 'i':
    case 'l': case 'q': case 's': case 'p':
        return 'I';
    case 'B': case 'H': case 'I': case 'L': case 'Q':
        return 'U';
    case 'f': case 'd': case 'g':
        return (is_complex ? 'C' : 'R');
    case 'O':
        return 'O';
    case 'P':
        return 'P';
    default: {
      __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar(ch);
      return 0;
    }
  }
}
static void __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx) {
  if (ctx->head == NULL || ctx->head->field == &ctx->root) {
    const char* expected;
    const char* quote;
    if (ctx->head == NULL) {
      expected = "end";
      quote = "";
    } else {
      expected = ctx->head->field->type->name;
      quote = "'";
    }
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "Buffer dtype mismatch, expected %s%s%s but got %s",
                 quote, expected, quote,
                 __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex));
  } else {
    __Pyx_StructField* field = ctx->head->field;
    __Pyx_StructField* parent = (ctx->head - 1)->field;
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "Buffer dtype mismatch, expected '%s' but got %s in '%s.%s'",
                 field->type->name, __Pyx_BufFmt_DescribeTypeChar(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex),
                 parent->type->name, field->name);
  }
}
static int __Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx) {
  char group;
  size_t size, offset, arraysize = 1;
  if (ctx->enc_type == 0) return 0;
  if (ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[0]) {
    int i, ndim = 0;
    if (ctx->enc_type == 's' || ctx->enc_type == 'p') {
        ctx->is_valid_array = ctx->head->field->type->ndim == 1;
        ndim = 1;
        if (ctx->enc_count != ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[0]) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                         "Expected a dimension of size %zu, got %zu",
                         ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[0], ctx->enc_count);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    if (!ctx->is_valid_array) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Expected %d dimensions, got %d",
                   ctx->head->field->type->ndim, ndim);
      return -1;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < ctx->head->field->type->ndim; i++) {
      arraysize *= ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[i];
    }
    ctx->is_valid_array = 0;
    ctx->enc_count = 1;
  }
  group = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToGroup(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
  do {
    __Pyx_StructField* field = ctx->head->field;
    __Pyx_TypeInfo* type = field->type;
    if (ctx->enc_packmode == '@' || ctx->enc_packmode == '^') {
      size = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToNativeSize(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
    } else {
      size = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToStandardSize(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
    }
    if (ctx->enc_packmode == '@') {
      size_t align_at = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToAlignment(ctx->enc_type, ctx->is_complex);
      size_t align_mod_offset;
      if (align_at == 0) return -1;
      align_mod_offset = ctx->fmt_offset % align_at;
      if (align_mod_offset > 0) ctx->fmt_offset += align_at - align_mod_offset;
      if (ctx->struct_alignment == 0)
          ctx->struct_alignment = __Pyx_BufFmt_TypeCharToPadding(ctx->enc_type,
                                                                 ctx->is_complex);
    }
    if (type->size != size || type->typegroup != group) {
      if (type->typegroup == 'C' && type->fields != NULL) {
        size_t parent_offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
        ++ctx->head;
        ctx->head->field = type->fields;
        ctx->head->parent_offset = parent_offset;
        continue;
      }
      if ((type->typegroup == 'H' || group == 'H') && type->size == size) {
      } else {
          __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
          return -1;
      }
    }
    offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
    if (ctx->fmt_offset != offset) {
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                   "Buffer dtype mismatch; next field is at offset %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d but %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d expected",
                   (Py_ssize_t)ctx->fmt_offset, (Py_ssize_t)offset);
      return -1;
    }
    ctx->fmt_offset += size;
    if (arraysize)
      ctx->fmt_offset += (arraysize - 1) * size;
    --ctx->enc_count;
    while (1) {
      if (field == &ctx->root) {
        ctx->head = NULL;
        if (ctx->enc_count != 0) {
          __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
          return -1;
        }
        break;
      }
      ctx->head->field = ++field;
      if (field->type == NULL) {
        --ctx->head;
        field = ctx->head->field;
        continue;
      } else if (field->type->typegroup == 'S') {
        size_t parent_offset = ctx->head->parent_offset + field->offset;
        if (field->type->fields->type == NULL) continue;
        field = field->type->fields;
        ++ctx->head;
        ctx->head->field = field;
        ctx->head->parent_offset = parent_offset;
        break;
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
  } while (ctx->enc_count);
  ctx->enc_type = 0;
  ctx->is_complex = 0;
  return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__pyx_buffmt_parse_array(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx, const char** tsp)
{
    const char *ts = *tsp;
    int i = 0, number;
    int ndim = ctx->head->field->type->ndim;
;
    ++ts;
    if (ctx->new_count != 1) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Cannot handle repeated arrays in format string");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
    while (*ts && *ts != ')') {
        switch (*ts) {
            case ' ': case '\f': case '\r': case '\n': case '\t': case '\v':  continue;
            default:  break;
        }
        number = __Pyx_BufFmt_ExpectNumber(&ts);
        if (number == -1) return NULL;
        if (i < ndim && (size_t) number != ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[i])
            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Expected a dimension of size %zu, got %d",
                        ctx->head->field->type->arraysize[i], number);
        if (*ts != ',' && *ts != ')')
            return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                                "Expected a comma in format string, got '%c'", *ts);
        if (*ts == ',') ts++;
        i++;
    }
    if (i != ndim)
        return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Expected %d dimension(s), got %d",
                            ctx->head->field->type->ndim, i);
    if (!*ts) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Unexpected end of format string, expected ')'");
        return NULL;
    }
    ctx->is_valid_array = 1;
    ctx->new_count = 1;
    *tsp = ++ts;
    return Py_None;
}
static const char* __Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(__Pyx_BufFmt_Context* ctx, const char* ts) {
  int got_Z = 0;
  while (1) {
    switch(*ts) {
      case 0:
        if (ctx->enc_type != 0 && ctx->head == NULL) {
          __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
          return NULL;
        }
        if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
        if (ctx->head != NULL) {
          __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseExpected(ctx);
          return NULL;
        }
        return ts;
      case ' ':
      case '\r':
      case '\n':
        ++ts;
        break;
      case '<':
        if (!__Pyx_Is_Little_Endian()) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Little-endian buffer not supported on big-endian compiler");
          return NULL;
        }
        ctx->new_packmode = '=';
        ++ts;
        break;
      case '>':
      case '!':
        if (__Pyx_Is_Little_Endian()) {
          PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Big-endian buffer not supported on little-endian compiler");
          return NULL;
        }
        ctx->new_packmode = '=';
        ++ts;
        break;
      case '=':
      case '@':
      case '^':
        ctx->new_packmode = *ts++;
        break;
      case 'T':
        {
          const char* ts_after_sub;
          size_t i, struct_count = ctx->new_count;
          size_t struct_alignment = ctx->struct_alignment;
          ctx->new_count = 1;
          ++ts;
          if (*ts != '{') {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Buffer acquisition: Expected '{' after 'T'");
            return NULL;
          }
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->enc_type = 0;
          ctx->enc_count = 0;
          ctx->struct_alignment = 0;
          ++ts;
          ts_after_sub = ts;
          for (i = 0; i != struct_count; ++i) {
            ts_after_sub = __Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(ctx, ts);
            if (!ts_after_sub) return NULL;
          }
          ts = ts_after_sub;
          if (struct_alignment) ctx->struct_alignment = struct_alignment;
        }
        break;
      case '}':
        {
          size_t alignment = ctx->struct_alignment;
          ++ts;
          if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->enc_type = 0;
          if (alignment && ctx->fmt_offset % alignment) {
            ctx->fmt_offset += alignment - (ctx->fmt_offset % alignment);
          }
        }
        return ts;
      case 'x':
        if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
        ctx->fmt_offset += ctx->new_count;
        ctx->new_count = 1;
        ctx->enc_count = 0;
        ctx->enc_type = 0;
        ctx->enc_packmode = ctx->new_packmode;
        ++ts;
        break;
      case 'Z':
        got_Z = 1;
        ++ts;
        if (*ts != 'f' && *ts != 'd' && *ts != 'g') {
          __Pyx_BufFmt_RaiseUnexpectedChar('Z');
          return NULL;
        }
        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;
      case 'c': case 'b': case 'B': case 'h': case 'H': case 'i': case 'I':
      case 'l': case 'L': case 'q': case 'Q':
      case 'f': case 'd': case 'g':
      case 'O': case 'p':
        if (ctx->enc_type == *ts && got_Z == ctx->is_complex &&
            ctx->enc_packmode == ctx->new_packmode) {
          ctx->enc_count += ctx->new_count;
          ctx->new_count = 1;
          got_Z = 0;
          ++ts;
          break;
        }
        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;
      case 's':
        if (__Pyx_BufFmt_ProcessTypeChunk(ctx) == -1) return NULL;
        ctx->enc_count = ctx->new_count;
        ctx->enc_packmode = ctx->new_packmode;
        ctx->enc_type = *ts;
        ctx->is_complex = got_Z;
        ++ts;
        ctx->new_count = 1;
        got_Z = 0;
        break;
      case ':':
        ++ts;
        while(*ts != ':') ++ts;
        ++ts;
        break;
      case '(':
        if (!__pyx_buffmt_parse_array(ctx, &ts)) return NULL;
        break;
      default:
        {
          int number = __Pyx_BufFmt_ExpectNumber(&ts);
          if (number == -1) return NULL;
          ctx->new_count = (size_t)number;
        }
    }
  }
}

/* BufferGetAndValidate */
      static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(Py_buffer* info) {
  if (unlikely(info->buf == NULL)) return;
  if (info->suboffsets == __Pyx_minusones) info->suboffsets = NULL;
  __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(info);
}
static void __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(Py_buffer* buf) {
  buf->buf = NULL;
  buf->obj = NULL;
  buf->strides = __Pyx_zeros;
  buf->shape = __Pyx_zeros;
  buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
}
static int __Pyx__GetBufferAndValidate(
        Py_buffer* buf, PyObject* obj,  __Pyx_TypeInfo* dtype, int flags,
        int nd, int cast, __Pyx_BufFmt_StackElem* stack)
{
  buf->buf = NULL;
  if (unlikely(__Pyx_GetBuffer(obj, buf, flags) == -1)) {
    __Pyx_ZeroBuffer(buf);
    return -1;
  }
  if (unlikely(buf->ndim != nd)) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "Buffer has wrong number of dimensions (expected %d, got %d)",
                 nd, buf->ndim);
    goto fail;
  }
  if (!cast) {
    __Pyx_BufFmt_Context ctx;
    __Pyx_BufFmt_Init(&ctx, stack, dtype);
    if (!__Pyx_BufFmt_CheckString(&ctx, buf->format)) goto fail;
  }
  if (unlikely((unsigned)buf->itemsize != dtype->size)) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
      "Item size of buffer (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d byte%s) does not match size of '%s' (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d byte%s)",
      buf->itemsize, (buf->itemsize > 1) ? "s" : "",
      dtype->name, (Py_ssize_t)dtype->size, (dtype->size > 1) ? "s" : "");
    goto fail;
  }
  if (buf->suboffsets == NULL) buf->suboffsets = __Pyx_minusones;
  return 0;
fail:;
  __Pyx_SafeReleaseBuffer(buf);
  return -1;
}

/* BufferFallbackError */
      static void __Pyx_RaiseBufferFallbackError(void) {
  PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
     "Buffer acquisition failed on assignment; and then reacquiring the old buffer failed too!");
}

/* PyObjectCallNoArg */
      #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallNoArg(PyObject *func) {
#if CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
    if (PyFunction_Check(func)) {
        return __Pyx_PyFunction_FastCall(func, NULL, 0);
    }
#endif
#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func) || __Pyx_TypeCheck(func, __pyx_CyFunctionType))) {
#else
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func))) {
#endif
        if (likely(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_NOARGS)) {
            return __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(func, NULL);
        }
    }
    return __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, __pyx_empty_tuple, NULL);
}
#endif

/* RaiseTooManyValuesToUnpack */
        static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(Py_ssize_t expected) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "too many values to unpack (expected %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d)", expected);
}

/* RaiseNeedMoreValuesToUnpack */
        static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError(Py_ssize_t index) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "need more than %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d value%.1s to unpack",
                 index, (index == 1) ? "" : "s");
}

/* IterFinish */
        static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IterFinish(void) {
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    PyThreadState *tstate = __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
    PyObject* exc_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    if (unlikely(exc_type)) {
        if (likely(__Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_type, PyExc_StopIteration))) {
            PyObject *exc_value, *exc_tb;
            exc_value = tstate->curexc_value;
            exc_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
            tstate->curexc_type = 0;
            tstate->curexc_value = 0;
            tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
            Py_DECREF(exc_type);
            Py_XDECREF(exc_value);
            Py_XDECREF(exc_tb);
            return 0;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
#else
    if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) {
        if (likely(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))) {
            PyErr_Clear();
            return 0;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
#endif
}

/* UnpackItemEndCheck */
        static int __Pyx_IternextUnpackEndCheck(PyObject *retval, Py_ssize_t expected) {
    if (unlikely(retval)) {
        Py_DECREF(retval);
        __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(expected);
        return -1;
    } else {
        return __Pyx_IterFinish();
    }
    return 0;
}

/* BufferIndexError */
        static void __Pyx_RaiseBufferIndexError(int axis) {
  PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError,
     "Out of bounds on buffer access (axis %d)", axis);
}

/* PyErrFetchRestore */
        #if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrRestoreInState(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    tmp_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->curexc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
    tstate->curexc_type = type;
    tstate->curexc_value = value;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrFetchInState(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
    *type = tstate->curexc_type;
    *value = tstate->curexc_value;
    *tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
    tstate->curexc_type = 0;
    tstate->curexc_value = 0;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
}
#endif

/* GetItemInt */
        static PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(PyObject *o, PyObject* j) {
    PyObject *r;
    if (!j) return NULL;
    r = PyObject_GetItem(o, j);
    Py_DECREF(j);
    return r;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_List_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
    Py_ssize_t wrapped_i = i;
    if (wraparound & unlikely(i < 0)) {
        wrapped_i += PyList_GET_SIZE(o);
    }
    if ((!boundscheck) || likely((0 <= wrapped_i) & (wrapped_i < PyList_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
        PyObject *r = PyList_GET_ITEM(o, wrapped_i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
        return r;
    }
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
#else
    return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
#endif
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Tuple_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
    Py_ssize_t wrapped_i = i;
    if (wraparound & unlikely(i < 0)) {
        wrapped_i += PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o);
    }
    if ((!boundscheck) || likely((0 <= wrapped_i) & (wrapped_i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
        PyObject *r = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, wrapped_i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
        return r;
    }
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
#else
    return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
#endif
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, int is_list,
                                                     CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                     CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS && CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
    if (is_list || PyList_CheckExact(o)) {
        Py_ssize_t n = ((!wraparound) | likely(i >= 0)) ? i : i + PyList_GET_SIZE(o);
        if ((!boundscheck) || (likely((n >= 0) & (n < PyList_GET_SIZE(o))))) {
            PyObject *r = PyList_GET_ITEM(o, n);
            Py_INCREF(r);
            return r;
        }
    }
    else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(o)) {
        Py_ssize_t n = ((!wraparound) | likely(i >= 0)) ? i : i + PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o);
        if ((!boundscheck) || likely((n >= 0) & (n < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
            PyObject *r = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, n);
            Py_INCREF(r);
            return r;
        }
    } else {
        PySequenceMethods *m = Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence;
        if (likely(m && m->sq_item)) {
            if (wraparound && unlikely(i < 0) && likely(m->sq_length)) {
                Py_ssize_t l = m->sq_length(o);
                if (likely(l >= 0)) {
                    i += l;
                } else {
                    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError))
                        return NULL;
                    PyErr_Clear();
                }
            }
            return m->sq_item(o, i);
        }
    }
#else
    if (is_list || PySequence_Check(o)) {
        return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
    }
#endif
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
}

/* ObjectGetItem */
        #if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
static PyObject *__Pyx_PyObject_GetIndex(PyObject *obj, PyObject* index) {
    PyObject *runerr;
    Py_ssize_t key_value;
    PySequenceMethods *m = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_sequence;
    if (unlikely(!(m && m->sq_item))) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' object is not subscriptable", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
        return NULL;
    }
    key_value = __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(index);
    if (likely(key_value != -1 || !(runerr = PyErr_Occurred()))) {
        return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Fast(obj, key_value, 0, 1, 1);
    }
    if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(runerr, PyExc_OverflowError)) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError, "cannot fit '%.200s' into an index-sized integer", Py_TYPE(index)->tp_name);
    }
    return NULL;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_PyObject_GetItem(PyObject *obj, PyObject* key) {
    PyMappingMethods *m = Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_as_mapping;
    if (likely(m && m->mp_subscript)) {
        return m->mp_subscript(obj, key);
    }
    return __Pyx_PyObject_GetIndex(obj, key);
}
#endif

/* RaiseException */
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb,
                        CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *cause) {
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
    Py_XINCREF(type);
    if (!value || value == Py_None)
        value = NULL;
    else
        Py_INCREF(value);
    if (!tb || tb == Py_None)
        tb = NULL;
    else {
        Py_INCREF(tb);
        if (!PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
            goto raise_error;
        }
    }
    if (PyType_Check(type)) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
        if (!value) {
            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
            value = Py_None;
        }
#endif
        PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &tb);
    } else {
        if (value) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "instance exception may not have a separate value");
            goto raise_error;
        }
        value = type;
        type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(type);
        Py_INCREF(type);
        if (!PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)type, (PyTypeObject *)PyExc_BaseException)) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
            goto raise_error;
        }
    }
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
    __Pyx_ErrRestore(type, value, tb);
    return;
raise_error:
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    Py_XDECREF(type);
    Py_XDECREF(tb);
    return;
}
#else
static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb, PyObject *cause) {
    PyObject* owned_instance = NULL;
    if (tb == Py_None) {
        tb = 0;
    } else if (tb && !PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
            "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
        goto bad;
    }
    if (value == Py_None)
        value = 0;
    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(type)) {
        if (value) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "instance exception may not have a separate value");
            goto bad;
        }
        value = type;
        type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(value);
    } else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(type)) {
        PyObject *instance_class = NULL;
        if (value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
            instance_class = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(value);
            if (instance_class != type) {
                int is_subclass = PyObject_IsSubclass(instance_class, type);
                if (!is_subclass) {
                    instance_class = NULL;
                } else if (unlikely(is_subclass == -1)) {
                    goto bad;
                } else {
                    type = instance_class;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!instance_class) {
            PyObject *args;
            if (!value)
                args = PyTuple_New(0);
            else if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
                Py_INCREF(value);
                args = value;
            } else
                args = PyTuple_Pack(1, value);
            if (!args)
                goto bad;
            owned_instance = PyObject_Call(type, args, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(args);
            if (!owned_instance)
                goto bad;
            value = owned_instance;
            if (!PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "calling %R should have returned an instance of "
                             "BaseException, not %R",
                             type, Py_TYPE(value));
                goto bad;
            }
        }
    } else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
            "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
        goto bad;
    }
    if (cause) {
        PyObject *fixed_cause;
        if (cause == Py_None) {
            fixed_cause = NULL;
        } else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(cause)) {
            fixed_cause = PyObject_CallObject(cause, NULL);
            if (fixed_cause == NULL)
                goto bad;
        } else if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(cause)) {
            fixed_cause = cause;
            Py_INCREF(fixed_cause);
        } else {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                            "exception causes must derive from "
                            "BaseException");
            goto bad;
        }
        PyException_SetCause(value, fixed_cause);
    }
    PyErr_SetObject(type, value);
    if (tb) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
        PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
        PyErr_Fetch(&tmp_type, &tmp_value, &tmp_tb);
        Py_INCREF(tb);
        PyErr_Restore(tmp_type, tmp_value, tb);
        Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
        PyThreadState *tstate = __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
        PyObject* tmp_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
        if (tb != tmp_tb) {
            Py_INCREF(tb);
            tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
            Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
        }
#endif
    }
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(owned_instance);
    return;
}
#endif

/* None */
        static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseClosureNameError(const char *varname) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_NameError, "free variable '%s' referenced before assignment in enclosing scope", varname);
}

/* DictGetItem */
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
static PyObject *__Pyx_PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *d, PyObject* key) {
    PyObject *value;
    value = PyDict_GetItemWithError(d, key);
    if (unlikely(!value)) {
        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
            PyObject* args = PyTuple_Pack(1, key);
            if (likely(args))
                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, args);
            Py_XDECREF(args);
        }
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(value);
    return value;
}
#endif

/* RaiseNoneIterError */
        static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneNotIterableError(void) {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "'NoneType' object is not iterable");
}

/* SaveResetException */
        #if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx__ExceptionSave(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030700A2
    *type = tstate->exc_state.exc_type;
    *value = tstate->exc_state.exc_value;
    *tb = tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback;
    #else
    *type = tstate->exc_type;
    *value = tstate->exc_value;
    *tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    #endif
    Py_XINCREF(*type);
    Py_XINCREF(*value);
    Py_XINCREF(*tb);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx__ExceptionReset(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030700A2
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_state.exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_state.exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_type = type;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_value = value;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback = tb;
    #else
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_type = type;
    tstate->exc_value = value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = tb;
    #endif
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
}
#endif

/* PyErrExceptionMatches */
        #if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
static int __Pyx_PyErr_ExceptionMatchesTuple(PyObject *exc_type, PyObject *tuple) {
    Py_ssize_t i, n;
    n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        if (exc_type == PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i)) return 1;
    }
#endif
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        if (__Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_type, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i))) return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_ExceptionMatchesInState(PyThreadState* tstate, PyObject* err) {
    PyObject *exc_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    if (exc_type == err) return 1;
    if (unlikely(!exc_type)) return 0;
    if (unlikely(PyTuple_Check(err)))
        return __Pyx_PyErr_ExceptionMatchesTuple(exc_type, err);
    return __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_type, err);
}
#endif

/* GetException */
        #if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
static int __Pyx__GetException(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
#else
static int __Pyx_GetException(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
#endif
    PyObject *local_type, *local_value, *local_tb;
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    local_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    local_value = tstate->curexc_value;
    local_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
    tstate->curexc_type = 0;
    tstate->curexc_value = 0;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
#else
    PyErr_Fetch(&local_type, &local_value, &local_tb);
#endif
    PyErr_NormalizeException(&local_type, &local_value, &local_tb);
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    if (unlikely(tstate->curexc_type))
#else
    if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred()))
#endif
        goto bad;
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (local_tb) {
        if (unlikely(PyException_SetTraceback(local_value, local_tb) < 0))
            goto bad;
    }
    #endif
    Py_XINCREF(local_tb);
    Py_XINCREF(local_type);
    Py_XINCREF(local_value);
    *type = local_type;
    *value = local_value;
    *tb = local_tb;
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030700A2
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_state.exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_state.exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_type = local_type;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_value = local_value;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback = local_tb;
    #else
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_type = local_type;
    tstate->exc_value = local_value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = local_tb;
    #endif
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
    PyErr_SetExcInfo(local_type, local_value, local_tb);
#endif
    return 0;
bad:
    *type = 0;
    *value = 0;
    *tb = 0;
    Py_XDECREF(local_type);
    Py_XDECREF(local_value);
    Py_XDECREF(local_tb);
    return -1;
}

/* PyObject_GenericGetAttrNoDict */
          #if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS && CYTHON_USE_PYTYPE_LOOKUP && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
static PyObject *__Pyx_RaiseGenericGetAttributeError(PyTypeObject *tp, PyObject *attr_name) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                 "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%U'",
                 tp->tp_name, attr_name);
#else
                 "'%.50s' object has no attribute '%.400s'",
                 tp->tp_name, PyString_AS_STRING(attr_name));
#endif
    return NULL;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_GenericGetAttrNoDict(PyObject* obj, PyObject* attr_name) {
    PyObject *descr;
    PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(obj);
    if (unlikely(!PyString_Check(attr_name))) {
        return PyObject_GenericGetAttr(obj, attr_name);
    }
    assert(!tp->tp_dictoffset);
    descr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, attr_name);
    if (unlikely(!descr)) {
        return __Pyx_RaiseGenericGetAttributeError(tp, attr_name);
    }
    Py_INCREF(descr);
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS)))
    #endif
    {
        descrgetfunc f = Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_get;
        if (unlikely(f)) {
            PyObject *res = f(descr, obj, (PyObject *)tp);
            Py_DECREF(descr);
            return res;
        }
    }
    return descr;
}
#endif

/* Import */
          static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list, int level) {
    PyObject *empty_list = 0;
    PyObject *module = 0;
    PyObject *global_dict = 0;
    PyObject *empty_dict = 0;
    PyObject *list;
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    PyObject *py_import;
    py_import = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s_import);
    if (!py_import)
        goto bad;
    #endif
    if (from_list)
        list = from_list;
    else {
        empty_list = PyList_New(0);
        if (!empty_list)
            goto bad;
        list = empty_list;
    }
    global_dict = PyModule_GetDict(__pyx_m);
    if (!global_dict)
        goto bad;
    empty_dict = PyDict_New();
    if (!empty_dict)
        goto bad;
    {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
        if (level == -1) {
            if (strchr(__Pyx_MODULE_NAME, '.')) {
                module = PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(
                    name, global_dict, empty_dict, list, 1);
                if (!module) {
                    if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError))
                        goto bad;
                    PyErr_Clear();
                }
            }
            level = 0;
        }
        #endif
        if (!module) {
            #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            PyObject *py_level = PyInt_FromLong(level);
            if (!py_level)
                goto bad;
            module = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(py_import,
                name, global_dict, empty_dict, list, py_level, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(py_level);
            #else
            module = PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(
                name, global_dict, empty_dict, list, level);
            #endif
        }
    }
bad:
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    Py_XDECREF(py_import);
    #endif
    Py_XDECREF(empty_list);
    Py_XDECREF(empty_dict);
    return module;
}

/* ImportFrom */
          static PyObject* __Pyx_ImportFrom(PyObject* module, PyObject* name) {
    PyObject* value = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(module, name);
    if (unlikely(!value) && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            "cannot import name %.230s", PyString_AS_STRING(name));
        #else
            "cannot import name %S", name);
        #endif
    }
    return value;
}

/* CalculateMetaclass */
          static PyObject *__Pyx_CalculateMetaclass(PyTypeObject *metaclass, PyObject *bases) {
    Py_ssize_t i, nbases = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases);
    for (i=0; i < nbases; i++) {
        PyTypeObject *tmptype;
        PyObject *tmp = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, i);
        tmptype = Py_TYPE(tmp);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (tmptype == &PyClass_Type)
            continue;
#endif
        if (!metaclass) {
            metaclass = tmptype;
            continue;
        }
        if (PyType_IsSubtype(metaclass, tmptype))
            continue;
        if (PyType_IsSubtype(tmptype, metaclass)) {
            metaclass = tmptype;
            continue;
        }
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "metaclass conflict: "
                        "the metaclass of a derived class "
                        "must be a (non-strict) subclass "
                        "of the metaclasses of all its bases");
        return NULL;
    }
    if (!metaclass) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        metaclass = &PyClass_Type;
#else
        metaclass = &PyType_Type;
#endif
    }
    Py_INCREF((PyObject*) metaclass);
    return (PyObject*) metaclass;
}

/* FetchCommonType */
          static PyTypeObject* __Pyx_FetchCommonType(PyTypeObject* type) {
    PyObject* fake_module;
    PyTypeObject* cached_type = NULL;
    fake_module = PyImport_AddModule((char*) "_cython_" CYTHON_ABI);
    if (!fake_module) return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(fake_module);
    cached_type = (PyTypeObject*) PyObject_GetAttrString(fake_module, type->tp_name);
    if (cached_type) {
        if (!PyType_Check((PyObject*)cached_type)) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                "Shared Cython type %.200s is not a type object",
                type->tp_name);
            goto bad;
        }
        if (cached_type->tp_basicsize != type->tp_basicsize) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                "Shared Cython type %.200s has the wrong size, try recompiling",
                type->tp_name);
            goto bad;
        }
    } else {
        if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) goto bad;
        PyErr_Clear();
        if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) goto bad;
        if (PyObject_SetAttrString(fake_module, type->tp_name, (PyObject*) type) < 0)
            goto bad;
        Py_INCREF(type);
        cached_type = type;
    }
done:
    Py_DECREF(fake_module);
    return cached_type;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(cached_type);
    cached_type = NULL;
    goto done;
}

/* CythonFunction */
          #include <structmember.h>
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_doc(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, CYTHON_UNUSED void *closure)
{
    if (unlikely(op->func_doc == NULL)) {
        if (op->func.m_ml->ml_doc) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
            op->func_doc = PyUnicode_FromString(op->func.m_ml->ml_doc);
#else
            op->func_doc = PyString_FromString(op->func.m_ml->ml_doc);
#endif
            if (unlikely(op->func_doc == NULL))
                return NULL;
        } else {
            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
            return Py_None;
        }
    }
    Py_INCREF(op->func_doc);
    return op->func_doc;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_doc(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp = op->func_doc;
    if (value == NULL) {
        value = Py_None;
    }
    Py_INCREF(value);
    op->func_doc = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_name(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    if (unlikely(op->func_name == NULL)) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
        op->func_name = PyUnicode_InternFromString(op->func.m_ml->ml_name);
#else
        op->func_name = PyString_InternFromString(op->func.m_ml->ml_name);
#endif
        if (unlikely(op->func_name == NULL))
            return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(op->func_name);
    return op->func_name;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_name(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value))) {
#else
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyString_Check(value))) {
#endif
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__name__ must be set to a string object");
        return -1;
    }
    tmp = op->func_name;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    op->func_name = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_qualname(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    Py_INCREF(op->func_qualname);
    return op->func_qualname;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_qualname(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value))) {
#else
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyString_Check(value))) {
#endif
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__qualname__ must be set to a string object");
        return -1;
    }
    tmp = op->func_qualname;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    op->func_qualname = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_self(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m, CYTHON_UNUSED void *closure)
{
    PyObject *self;
    self = m->func_closure;
    if (self == NULL)
        self = Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(self);
    return self;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_dict(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    if (unlikely(op->func_dict == NULL)) {
        op->func_dict = PyDict_New();
        if (unlikely(op->func_dict == NULL))
            return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(op->func_dict);
    return op->func_dict;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_dict(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp;
    if (unlikely(value == NULL)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
               "function's dictionary may not be deleted");
        return -1;
    }
    if (unlikely(!PyDict_Check(value))) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
               "setting function's dictionary to a non-dict");
        return -1;
    }
    tmp = op->func_dict;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    op->func_dict = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_globals(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    Py_INCREF(op->func_globals);
    return op->func_globals;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_closure(CYTHON_UNUSED __pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_code(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
    PyObject* result = (op->func_code) ? op->func_code : Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(result);
    return result;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_init_defaults(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op) {
    int result = 0;
    PyObject *res = op->defaults_getter((PyObject *) op);
    if (unlikely(!res))
        return -1;
    #if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
    op->defaults_tuple = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(res, 0);
    Py_INCREF(op->defaults_tuple);
    op->defaults_kwdict = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(res, 1);
    Py_INCREF(op->defaults_kwdict);
    #else
    op->defaults_tuple = PySequence_ITEM(res, 0);
    if (unlikely(!op->defaults_tuple)) result = -1;
    else {
        op->defaults_kwdict = PySequence_ITEM(res, 1);
        if (unlikely(!op->defaults_kwdict)) result = -1;
    }
    #endif
    Py_DECREF(res);
    return result;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_defaults(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject* value) {
    PyObject* tmp;
    if (!value) {
        value = Py_None;
    } else if (value != Py_None && !PyTuple_Check(value)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__defaults__ must be set to a tuple object");
        return -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(value);
    tmp = op->defaults_tuple;
    op->defaults_tuple = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_defaults(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op) {
    PyObject* result = op->defaults_tuple;
    if (unlikely(!result)) {
        if (op->defaults_getter) {
            if (__Pyx_CyFunction_init_defaults(op) < 0) return NULL;
            result = op->defaults_tuple;
        } else {
            result = Py_None;
        }
    }
    Py_INCREF(result);
    return result;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_kwdefaults(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject* value) {
    PyObject* tmp;
    if (!value) {
        value = Py_None;
    } else if (value != Py_None && !PyDict_Check(value)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__kwdefaults__ must be set to a dict object");
        return -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(value);
    tmp = op->defaults_kwdict;
    op->defaults_kwdict = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_kwdefaults(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op) {
    PyObject* result = op->defaults_kwdict;
    if (unlikely(!result)) {
        if (op->defaults_getter) {
            if (__Pyx_CyFunction_init_defaults(op) < 0) return NULL;
            result = op->defaults_kwdict;
        } else {
            result = Py_None;
        }
    }
    Py_INCREF(result);
    return result;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_set_annotations(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op, PyObject* value) {
    PyObject* tmp;
    if (!value || value == Py_None) {
        value = NULL;
    } else if (!PyDict_Check(value)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__annotations__ must be set to a dict object");
        return -1;
    }
    Py_XINCREF(value);
    tmp = op->func_annotations;
    op->func_annotations = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_get_annotations(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op) {
    PyObject* result = op->func_annotations;
    if (unlikely(!result)) {
        result = PyDict_New();
        if (unlikely(!result)) return NULL;
        op->func_annotations = result;
    }
    Py_INCREF(result);
    return result;
}
static PyGetSetDef __pyx_CyFunction_getsets[] = {
    {(char *) "func_doc", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_doc, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_doc, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__doc__",  (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_doc, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_doc, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_name", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_name, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_name, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__name__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_name, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_name, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__qualname__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_qualname, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_qualname, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__self__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_self, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_dict", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_dict, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_dict, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__dict__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_dict, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_dict, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_globals", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_globals, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__globals__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_globals, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_closure", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_closure, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__closure__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_closure, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_code", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_code, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__code__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_code, 0, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "func_defaults", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_defaults, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_defaults, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__defaults__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_defaults, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_defaults, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__kwdefaults__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_kwdefaults, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_kwdefaults, 0, 0},
    {(char *) "__annotations__", (getter)__Pyx_CyFunction_get_annotations, (setter)__Pyx_CyFunction_set_annotations, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
static PyMemberDef __pyx_CyFunction_members[] = {
    {(char *) "__module__", T_OBJECT, offsetof(PyCFunctionObject, m_module), PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED, 0},
    {0, 0, 0,  0, 0}
};
static PyObject *
__Pyx_CyFunction_reduce(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *args)
{
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    return PyUnicode_FromString(m->func.m_ml->ml_name);
#else
    return PyString_FromString(m->func.m_ml->ml_name);
#endif
}
static PyMethodDef __pyx_CyFunction_methods[] = {
    {"__reduce__", (PyCFunction)__Pyx_CyFunction_reduce, METH_VARARGS, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0}
};
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030500A0
#define __Pyx_CyFunction_weakreflist(cyfunc) ((cyfunc)->func_weakreflist)
#else
#define __Pyx_CyFunction_weakreflist(cyfunc) ((cyfunc)->func.m_weakreflist)
#endif
static PyObject *__Pyx_CyFunction_New(PyTypeObject *type, PyMethodDef *ml, int flags, PyObject* qualname,
                                      PyObject *closure, PyObject *module, PyObject* globals, PyObject* code) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *op = PyObject_GC_New(__pyx_CyFunctionObject, type);
    if (op == NULL)
        return NULL;
    op->flags = flags;
    __Pyx_CyFunction_weakreflist(op) = NULL;
    op->func.m_ml = ml;
    op->func.m_self = (PyObject *) op;
    Py_XINCREF(closure);
    op->func_closure = closure;
    Py_XINCREF(module);
    op->func.m_module = module;
    op->func_dict = NULL;
    op->func_name = NULL;
    Py_INCREF(qualname);
    op->func_qualname = qualname;
    op->func_doc = NULL;
    op->func_classobj = NULL;
    op->func_globals = globals;
    Py_INCREF(op->func_globals);
    Py_XINCREF(code);
    op->func_code = code;
    op->defaults_pyobjects = 0;
    op->defaults = NULL;
    op->defaults_tuple = NULL;
    op->defaults_kwdict = NULL;
    op->defaults_getter = NULL;
    op->func_annotations = NULL;
    PyObject_GC_Track(op);
    return (PyObject *) op;
}
static int
__Pyx_CyFunction_clear(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m)
{
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_closure);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func.m_module);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_dict);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_name);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_qualname);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_doc);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_globals);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_code);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_classobj);
    Py_CLEAR(m->defaults_tuple);
    Py_CLEAR(m->defaults_kwdict);
    Py_CLEAR(m->func_annotations);
    if (m->defaults) {
        PyObject **pydefaults = __Pyx_CyFunction_Defaults(PyObject *, m);
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < m->defaults_pyobjects; i++)
            Py_XDECREF(pydefaults[i]);
        PyObject_Free(m->defaults);
        m->defaults = NULL;
    }
    return 0;
}
static void __Pyx__CyFunction_dealloc(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m)
{
    if (__Pyx_CyFunction_weakreflist(m) != NULL)
        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs((PyObject *) m);
    __Pyx_CyFunction_clear(m);
    PyObject_GC_Del(m);
}
static void __Pyx_CyFunction_dealloc(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m)
{
    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(m);
    __Pyx__CyFunction_dealloc(m);
}
static int __Pyx_CyFunction_traverse(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)
{
    Py_VISIT(m->func_closure);
    Py_VISIT(m->func.m_module);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_dict);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_name);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_qualname);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_doc);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_globals);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_code);
    Py_VISIT(m->func_classobj);
    Py_VISIT(m->defaults_tuple);
    Py_VISIT(m->defaults_kwdict);
    if (m->defaults) {
        PyObject **pydefaults = __Pyx_CyFunction_Defaults(PyObject *, m);
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < m->defaults_pyobjects; i++)
            Py_VISIT(pydefaults[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_CyFunction_descr_get(PyObject *func, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
{
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *m = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    if (m->flags & __Pyx_CYFUNCTION_STATICMETHOD) {
        Py_INCREF(func);
        return func;
    }
    if (m->flags & __Pyx_CYFUNCTION_CLASSMETHOD) {
        if (type == NULL)
            type = (PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(obj));
        return __Pyx_PyMethod_New(func, type, (PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(type)));
    }
    if (obj == Py_None)
        obj = NULL;
    return __Pyx_PyMethod_New(func, obj, type);
}
static PyObject*
__Pyx_CyFunction_repr(__pyx_CyFunctionObject *op)
{
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<cyfunction %U at %p>",
                                op->func_qualname, (void *)op);
#else
    return PyString_FromFormat("<cyfunction %s at %p>",
                               PyString_AsString(op->func_qualname), (void *)op);
#endif
}
static PyObject * __Pyx_CyFunction_CallMethod(PyObject *func, PyObject *self, PyObject *arg, PyObject *kw) {
    PyCFunctionObject* f = (PyCFunctionObject*)func;
    PyCFunction meth = f->m_ml->ml_meth;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    switch (f->m_ml->ml_flags & (METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS | METH_NOARGS | METH_O)) {
    case METH_VARARGS:
        if (likely(kw == NULL || PyDict_Size(kw) == 0))
            return (*meth)(self, arg);
        break;
    case METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS:
        return (*(PyCFunctionWithKeywords)meth)(self, arg, kw);
    case METH_NOARGS:
        if (likely(kw == NULL || PyDict_Size(kw) == 0)) {
            size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(arg);
            if (likely(size == 0))
                return (*meth)(self, NULL);
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                "%.200s() takes no arguments (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d given)",
                f->m_ml->ml_name, size);
            return NULL;
        }
        break;
    case METH_O:
        if (likely(kw == NULL || PyDict_Size(kw) == 0)) {
            size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(arg);
            if (likely(size == 1)) {
                PyObject *result, *arg0;
                #if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
                arg0 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(arg, 0);
                #else
                arg0 = PySequence_ITEM(arg, 0); if (unlikely(!arg0)) return NULL;
                #endif
                result = (*meth)(self, arg0);
                #if !(CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS)
                Py_DECREF(arg0);
                #endif
                return result;
            }
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                "%.200s() takes exactly one argument (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d given)",
                f->m_ml->ml_name, size);
            return NULL;
        }
        break;
    default:
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Bad call flags in "
                        "__Pyx_CyFunction_Call. METH_OLDARGS is no "
                        "longer supported!");
        return NULL;
    }
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "%.200s() takes no keyword arguments",
                 f->m_ml->ml_name);
    return NULL;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_CyFunction_Call(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg, PyObject *kw) {
    return __Pyx_CyFunction_CallMethod(func, ((PyCFunctionObject*)func)->m_self, arg, kw);
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_CyFunction_CallAsMethod(PyObject *func, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw) {
    PyObject *result;
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *cyfunc = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    if ((cyfunc->flags & __Pyx_CYFUNCTION_CCLASS) && !(cyfunc->flags & __Pyx_CYFUNCTION_STATICMETHOD)) {
        Py_ssize_t argc;
        PyObject *new_args;
        PyObject *self;
        argc = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
        new_args = PyTuple_GetSlice(args, 1, argc);
        if (unlikely(!new_args))
            return NULL;
        self = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
        if (unlikely(!self)) {
            Py_DECREF(new_args);
            return NULL;
        }
        result = __Pyx_CyFunction_CallMethod(func, self, new_args, kw);
        Py_DECREF(new_args);
    } else {
        result = __Pyx_CyFunction_Call(func, args, kw);
    }
    return result;
}
static PyTypeObject __pyx_CyFunctionType_type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(0, 0)
    "cython_function_or_method",
    sizeof(__pyx_CyFunctionObject),
    0,
    (destructor) __Pyx_CyFunction_dealloc,
    0,
    0,
    0,
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    0,
#else
    0,
#endif
    (reprfunc) __Pyx_CyFunction_repr,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    __Pyx_CyFunction_CallAsMethod,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
    0,
    (traverseproc) __Pyx_CyFunction_traverse,
    (inquiry) __Pyx_CyFunction_clear,
    0,
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030500A0
    offsetof(__pyx_CyFunctionObject, func_weakreflist),
#else
    offsetof(PyCFunctionObject, m_weakreflist),
#endif
    0,
    0,
    __pyx_CyFunction_methods,
    __pyx_CyFunction_members,
    __pyx_CyFunction_getsets,
    0,
    0,
    __Pyx_CyFunction_descr_get,
    0,
    offsetof(__pyx_CyFunctionObject, func_dict),
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030400a1
    0,
#endif
};
static int __pyx_CyFunction_init(void) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionType = __Pyx_FetchCommonType(&__pyx_CyFunctionType_type);
    if (unlikely(__pyx_CyFunctionType == NULL)) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void *__Pyx_CyFunction_InitDefaults(PyObject *func, size_t size, int pyobjects) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *m = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    m->defaults = PyObject_Malloc(size);
    if (unlikely(!m->defaults))
        return PyErr_NoMemory();
    memset(m->defaults, 0, size);
    m->defaults_pyobjects = pyobjects;
    return m->defaults;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetDefaultsTuple(PyObject *func, PyObject *tuple) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *m = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    m->defaults_tuple = tuple;
    Py_INCREF(tuple);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetDefaultsKwDict(PyObject *func, PyObject *dict) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *m = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    m->defaults_kwdict = dict;
    Py_INCREF(dict);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_CyFunction_SetAnnotationsDict(PyObject *func, PyObject *dict) {
    __pyx_CyFunctionObject *m = (__pyx_CyFunctionObject *) func;
    m->func_annotations = dict;
    Py_INCREF(dict);
}

/* Py3ClassCreate */
              static PyObject *__Pyx_Py3MetaclassPrepare(PyObject *metaclass, PyObject *bases, PyObject *name,
                                           PyObject *qualname, PyObject *mkw, PyObject *modname, PyObject *doc) {
    PyObject *ns;
    if (metaclass) {
        PyObject *prep = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(metaclass, __pyx_n_s_prepare);
        if (prep) {
            PyObject *pargs = PyTuple_Pack(2, name, bases);
            if (unlikely(!pargs)) {
                Py_DECREF(prep);
                return NULL;
            }
            ns = PyObject_Call(prep, pargs, mkw);
            Py_DECREF(prep);
            Py_DECREF(pargs);
        } else {
            if (unlikely(!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)))
                return NULL;
            PyErr_Clear();
            ns = PyDict_New();
        }
    } else {
        ns = PyDict_New();
    }
    if (unlikely(!ns))
        return NULL;
    if (unlikely(PyObject_SetItem(ns, __pyx_n_s_module, modname) < 0)) goto bad;
    if (unlikely(PyObject_SetItem(ns, __pyx_n_s_qualname, qualname) < 0)) goto bad;
    if (unlikely(doc && PyObject_SetItem(ns, __pyx_n_s_doc, doc) < 0)) goto bad;
    return ns;
bad:
    Py_DECREF(ns);
    return NULL;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_Py3ClassCreate(PyObject *metaclass, PyObject *name, PyObject *bases,
                                      PyObject *dict, PyObject *mkw,
                                      int calculate_metaclass, int allow_py2_metaclass) {
    PyObject *result, *margs;
    PyObject *owned_metaclass = NULL;
    if (allow_py2_metaclass) {
        owned_metaclass = PyObject_GetItem(dict, __pyx_n_s_metaclass);
        if (owned_metaclass) {
            metaclass = owned_metaclass;
        } else if (likely(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError))) {
            PyErr_Clear();
        } else {
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    if (calculate_metaclass && (!metaclass || PyType_Check(metaclass))) {
        metaclass = __Pyx_CalculateMetaclass((PyTypeObject*) metaclass, bases);
        Py_XDECREF(owned_metaclass);
        if (unlikely(!metaclass))
            return NULL;
        owned_metaclass = metaclass;
    }
    margs = PyTuple_Pack(3, name, bases, dict);
    if (unlikely(!margs)) {
        result = NULL;
    } else {
        result = PyObject_Call(metaclass, margs, mkw);
        Py_DECREF(margs);
    }
    Py_XDECREF(owned_metaclass);
    return result;
}

/* CLineInTraceback */
              #ifndef CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK
static int __Pyx_CLineForTraceback(CYTHON_UNUSED PyThreadState *tstate, int c_line) {
    PyObject *use_cline;
    PyObject *ptype, *pvalue, *ptraceback;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyObject **cython_runtime_dict;
#endif
    __Pyx_ErrFetchInState(tstate, &ptype, &pvalue, &ptraceback);
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    cython_runtime_dict = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(__pyx_cython_runtime);
    if (likely(cython_runtime_dict)) {
      use_cline = __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr(*cython_runtime_dict, __pyx_n_s_cline_in_traceback);
    } else
#endif
    {
      PyObject *use_cline_obj = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(__pyx_cython_runtime, __pyx_n_s_cline_in_traceback);
      if (use_cline_obj) {
        use_cline = PyObject_Not(use_cline_obj) ? Py_False : Py_True;
        Py_DECREF(use_cline_obj);
      } else {
        PyErr_Clear();
        use_cline = NULL;
      }
    }
    if (!use_cline) {
        c_line = 0;
        PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_cython_runtime, __pyx_n_s_cline_in_traceback, Py_False);
    }
    else if (PyObject_Not(use_cline) != 0) {
        c_line = 0;
    }
    __Pyx_ErrRestoreInState(tstate, ptype, pvalue, ptraceback);
    return c_line;
}
#endif

/* CodeObjectCache */
              static int __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries, int count, int code_line) {
    int start = 0, mid = 0, end = count - 1;
    if (end >= 0 && code_line > entries[end].code_line) {
        return count;
    }
    while (start < end) {
        mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
        if (code_line < entries[mid].code_line) {
            end = mid;
        } else if (code_line > entries[mid].code_line) {
             start = mid + 1;
        } else {
            return mid;
        }
    }
    if (code_line <= entries[mid].code_line) {
        return mid;
    } else {
        return mid + 1;
    }
}
static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line) {
    PyCodeObject* code_object;
    int pos;
    if (unlikely(!code_line) || unlikely(!__pyx_code_cache.entries)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if (unlikely(pos >= __pyx_code_cache.count) || unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line != code_line)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    code_object = __pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_object;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
    return code_object;
}
static void __pyx_insert_code_object(int code_line, PyCodeObject* code_object) {
    int pos, i;
    __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries = __pyx_code_cache.entries;
    if (unlikely(!code_line)) {
        return;
    }
    if (unlikely(!entries)) {
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Malloc(64*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (likely(entries)) {
            __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
            __pyx_code_cache.max_count = 64;
            __pyx_code_cache.count = 1;
            entries[0].code_line = code_line;
            entries[0].code_object = code_object;
            Py_INCREF(code_object);
        }
        return;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if ((pos < __pyx_code_cache.count) && unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line == code_line)) {
        PyCodeObject* tmp = entries[pos].code_object;
        entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return;
    }
    if (__pyx_code_cache.count == __pyx_code_cache.max_count) {
        int new_max = __pyx_code_cache.max_count + 64;
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Realloc(
            __pyx_code_cache.entries, (size_t)new_max*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (unlikely(!entries)) {
            return;
        }
        __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
        __pyx_code_cache.max_count = new_max;
    }
    for (i=__pyx_code_cache.count; i>pos; i--) {
        entries[i] = entries[i-1];
    }
    entries[pos].code_line = code_line;
    entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
    __pyx_code_cache.count++;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
}

/* AddTraceback */
              #include "compile.h"
#include "frameobject.h"
#include "traceback.h"
static PyCodeObject* __Pyx_CreateCodeObjectForTraceback(
            const char *funcname, int c_line,
            int py_line, const char *filename) {
    PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
    PyObject *py_srcfile = 0;
    PyObject *py_funcname = 0;
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    py_srcfile = PyString_FromString(filename);
    #else
    py_srcfile = PyUnicode_FromString(filename);
    #endif
    if (!py_srcfile) goto bad;
    if (c_line) {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        py_funcname = PyString_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, c_line);
        #else
        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, c_line);
        #endif
    }
    else {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        py_funcname = PyString_FromString(funcname);
        #else
        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromString(funcname);
        #endif
    }
    if (!py_funcname) goto bad;
    py_code = __Pyx_PyCode_New(
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        __pyx_empty_bytes, /*PyObject *code,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *consts,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *names,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *varnames,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *freevars,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *cellvars,*/
        py_srcfile,   /*PyObject *filename,*/
        py_funcname,  /*PyObject *name,*/
        py_line,
        __pyx_empty_bytes  /*PyObject *lnotab*/
    );
    Py_DECREF(py_srcfile);
    Py_DECREF(py_funcname);
    return py_code;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_srcfile);
    Py_XDECREF(py_funcname);
    return NULL;
}
static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname, int c_line,
                               int py_line, const char *filename) {
    PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
    PyFrameObject *py_frame = 0;
    PyThreadState *tstate = __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
    if (c_line) {
        c_line = __Pyx_CLineForTraceback(tstate, c_line);
    }
    py_code = __pyx_find_code_object(c_line ? -c_line : py_line);
    if (!py_code) {
        py_code = __Pyx_CreateCodeObjectForTraceback(
            funcname, c_line, py_line, filename);
        if (!py_code) goto bad;
        __pyx_insert_code_object(c_line ? -c_line : py_line, py_code);
    }
    py_frame = PyFrame_New(
        tstate,            /*PyThreadState *tstate,*/
        py_code,           /*PyCodeObject *code,*/
        __pyx_d,    /*PyObject *globals,*/
        0                  /*PyObject *locals*/
    );
    if (!py_frame) goto bad;
    __Pyx_PyFrame_SetLineNumber(py_frame, py_line);
    PyTraceBack_Here(py_frame);
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_code);
    Py_XDECREF(py_frame);
}

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
static int __Pyx_GetBuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj)) return PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, view, flags);
        if (__Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) return __pyx_pw_5numpy_7ndarray_1__getbuffer__(obj, view, flags);
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "'%.200s' does not have the buffer interface", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
    return -1;
}
static void __Pyx_ReleaseBuffer(Py_buffer *view) {
    PyObject *obj = view->obj;
    if (!obj) return;
    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj)) {
        PyBuffer_Release(view);
        return;
    }
    if ((0)) {}
        else if (__Pyx_TypeCheck(obj, __pyx_ptype_5numpy_ndarray)) __pyx_pw_5numpy_7ndarray_3__releasebuffer__(obj, view);
    view->obj = NULL;
    Py_DECREF(obj);
}
#endif


              /* CIntFromPyVerify */
              #define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value)\
    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 0)
#define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(target_type, func_type, func_value)\
    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 1)
#define __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, exc)\
    {\
        func_type value = func_value;\
        if (sizeof(target_type) < sizeof(func_type)) {\
            if (unlikely(value != (func_type) (target_type) value)) {\
                func_type zero = 0;\
                if (exc && unlikely(value == (func_type)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()))\
                    return (target_type) -1;\
                if (is_unsigned && unlikely(value < zero))\
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;\
                else\
                    goto raise_overflow;\
            }\
        }\
        return (target_type) value;\
    }

/* CIntToPy */
              static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_int(int value) {
    const int neg_one = (int) -1, const_zero = (int) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
    if (is_unsigned) {
        if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    } else {
        if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    }
    {
        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&value;
        return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(int),
                                     little, !is_unsigned);
    }
}

/* Declarations */
              #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
  #ifdef __cplusplus
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
      return ::std::complex< float >(x, y);
    }
  #else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
      return x + y*(__pyx_t_float_complex)_Complex_I;
    }
  #endif
#else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(float x, float y) {
      __pyx_t_float_complex z;
      z.real = x;
      z.imag = y;
      return z;
    }
#endif

/* Arithmetic */
              #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
#else
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
       return (a.real == b.real) && (a.imag == b.imag);
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_sum_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real = a.real + b.real;
        z.imag = a.imag + b.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_diff_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real = a.real - b.real;
        z.imag = a.imag - b.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_prod_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real = a.real * b.real - a.imag * b.imag;
        z.imag = a.real * b.imag + a.imag * b.real;
        return z;
    }
    #if 1
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_quot_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
        if (b.imag == 0) {
            return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.real);
        } else if (fabsf(b.real) >= fabsf(b.imag)) {
            if (b.real == 0 && b.imag == 0) {
                return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.imag);
            } else {
                float r = b.imag / b.real;
                float s = 1.0 / (b.real + b.imag * r);
                return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(
                    (a.real + a.imag * r) * s, (a.imag - a.real * r) * s);
            }
        } else {
            float r = b.real / b.imag;
            float s = 1.0 / (b.imag + b.real * r);
            return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(
                (a.real * r + a.imag) * s, (a.imag * r - a.real) * s);
        }
    }
    #else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_quot_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
        if (b.imag == 0) {
            return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.real);
        } else {
            float denom = b.real * b.real + b.imag * b.imag;
            return __pyx_t_float_complex_from_parts(
                (a.real * b.real + a.imag * b.imag) / denom,
                (a.imag * b.real - a.real * b.imag) / denom);
        }
    }
    #endif
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_neg_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real = -a.real;
        z.imag = -a.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zero_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
       return (a.real == 0) && (a.imag == 0);
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_conj_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a) {
        __pyx_t_float_complex z;
        z.real =  a.real;
        z.imag = -a.imag;
        return z;
    }
    #if 1
        static CYTHON_INLINE float __Pyx_c_abs_float(__pyx_t_float_complex z) {
          #if !defined(HAVE_HYPOT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
            return sqrtf(z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag);
          #else
            return hypotf(z.real, z.imag);
          #endif
        }
        static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_float_complex __Pyx_c_pow_float(__pyx_t_float_complex a, __pyx_t_float_complex b) {
            __pyx_t_float_complex z;
            float r, lnr, theta, z_r, z_theta;
            if (b.imag == 0 && b.real == (int)b.real) {
                if (b.real < 0) {
                    float denom = a.real * a.real + a.imag * a.imag;
                    a.real = a.real / denom;
                    a.imag = -a.imag / denom;
                    b.real = -b.real;
                }
                switch ((int)b.real) {
                    case 0:
                        z.real = 1;
                        z.imag = 0;
                        return z;
                    case 1:
                        return a;
                    case 2:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_float(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_float(a, a);
                    case 3:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_float(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_float(z, a);
                    case 4:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_float(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_float(z, z);
                }
            }
            if (a.imag == 0) {
                if (a.real == 0) {
                    return a;
                } else if (b.imag == 0) {
                    z.real = powf(a.real, b.real);
                    z.imag = 0;
                    return z;
                } else if (a.real > 0) {
                    r = a.real;
                    theta = 0;
                } else {
                    r = -a.real;
                    theta = atan2f(0, -1);
                }
            } else {
                r = __Pyx_c_abs_float(a);
                theta = atan2f(a.imag, a.real);
            }
            lnr = logf(r);
            z_r = expf(lnr * b.real - theta * b.imag);
            z_theta = theta * b.real + lnr * b.imag;
            z.real = z_r * cosf(z_theta);
            z.imag = z_r * sinf(z_theta);
            return z;
        }
    #endif
#endif

/* Declarations */
              #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
  #ifdef __cplusplus
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
      return ::std::complex< double >(x, y);
    }
  #else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
      return x + y*(__pyx_t_double_complex)_Complex_I;
    }
  #endif
#else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(double x, double y) {
      __pyx_t_double_complex z;
      z.real = x;
      z.imag = y;
      return z;
    }
#endif

/* Arithmetic */
              #if CYTHON_CCOMPLEX
#else
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_eq_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
       return (a.real == b.real) && (a.imag == b.imag);
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_sum_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real = a.real + b.real;
        z.imag = a.imag + b.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_diff_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real = a.real - b.real;
        z.imag = a.imag - b.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_prod_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real = a.real * b.real - a.imag * b.imag;
        z.imag = a.real * b.imag + a.imag * b.real;
        return z;
    }
    #if 1
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_quot_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
        if (b.imag == 0) {
            return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.real);
        } else if (fabs(b.real) >= fabs(b.imag)) {
            if (b.real == 0 && b.imag == 0) {
                return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.imag);
            } else {
                double r = b.imag / b.real;
                double s = 1.0 / (b.real + b.imag * r);
                return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(
                    (a.real + a.imag * r) * s, (a.imag - a.real * r) * s);
            }
        } else {
            double r = b.real / b.imag;
            double s = 1.0 / (b.imag + b.real * r);
            return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(
                (a.real * r + a.imag) * s, (a.imag * r - a.real) * s);
        }
    }
    #else
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_quot_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
        if (b.imag == 0) {
            return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(a.real / b.real, a.imag / b.real);
        } else {
            double denom = b.real * b.real + b.imag * b.imag;
            return __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(
                (a.real * b.real + a.imag * b.imag) / denom,
                (a.imag * b.real - a.real * b.imag) / denom);
        }
    }
    #endif
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_neg_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real = -a.real;
        z.imag = -a.imag;
        return z;
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_c_is_zero_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
       return (a.real == 0) && (a.imag == 0);
    }
    static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_conj_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a) {
        __pyx_t_double_complex z;
        z.real =  a.real;
        z.imag = -a.imag;
        return z;
    }
    #if 1
        static CYTHON_INLINE double __Pyx_c_abs_double(__pyx_t_double_complex z) {
          #if !defined(HAVE_HYPOT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
            return sqrt(z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag);
          #else
            return hypot(z.real, z.imag);
          #endif
        }
        static CYTHON_INLINE __pyx_t_double_complex __Pyx_c_pow_double(__pyx_t_double_complex a, __pyx_t_double_complex b) {
            __pyx_t_double_complex z;
            double r, lnr, theta, z_r, z_theta;
            if (b.imag == 0 && b.real == (int)b.real) {
                if (b.real < 0) {
                    double denom = a.real * a.real + a.imag * a.imag;
                    a.real = a.real / denom;
                    a.imag = -a.imag / denom;
                    b.real = -b.real;
                }
                switch ((int)b.real) {
                    case 0:
                        z.real = 1;
                        z.imag = 0;
                        return z;
                    case 1:
                        return a;
                    case 2:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_double(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_double(a, a);
                    case 3:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_double(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_double(z, a);
                    case 4:
                        z = __Pyx_c_prod_double(a, a);
                        return __Pyx_c_prod_double(z, z);
                }
            }
            if (a.imag == 0) {
                if (a.real == 0) {
                    return a;
                } else if (b.imag == 0) {
                    z.real = pow(a.real, b.real);
                    z.imag = 0;
                    return z;
                } else if (a.real > 0) {
                    r = a.real;
                    theta = 0;
                } else {
                    r = -a.real;
                    theta = atan2(0, -1);
                }
            } else {
                r = __Pyx_c_abs_double(a);
                theta = atan2(a.imag, a.real);
            }
            lnr = log(r);
            z_r = exp(lnr * b.real - theta * b.imag);
            z_theta = theta * b.real + lnr * b.imag;
            z.real = z_r * cos(z_theta);
            z.imag = z_r * sin(z_theta);
            return z;
        }
    #endif
#endif

/* CIntToPy */
              static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_enum__NPY_TYPES(enum NPY_TYPES value) {
    const enum NPY_TYPES neg_one = (enum NPY_TYPES) -1, const_zero = (enum NPY_TYPES) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
    if (is_unsigned) {
        if (sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES) < sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    } else {
        if (sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES) <= sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    }
    {
        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&value;
        return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(enum NPY_TYPES),
                                     little, !is_unsigned);
    }
}

/* CIntFromPy */
              static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(PyObject *x) {
    const int neg_one = (int) -1, const_zero = (int) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
        if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, PyInt_AS_LONG(x))
        } else {
            long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
            if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
            return (int) val;
        }
    } else
#endif
    if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
        if (is_unsigned) {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (int) 0;
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, digit, digits[0])
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
            if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#else
            {
                int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(x, Py_False, Py_LT);
                if (unlikely(result < 0))
                    return (int) -1;
                if (unlikely(result == 1))
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, unsigned long, PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x))
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
            } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x))
#endif
            }
        } else {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (int) 0;
                case -1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, sdigit, (sdigit) (-(sdigit)digits[0]))
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int,  digit, +digits[0])
                case -2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, long, PyLong_AsLong(x))
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
            } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsLongLong(x))
#endif
            }
        }
        {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(_PyLong_AsByteArray)
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                            "_PyLong_AsByteArray() not available in PyPy, cannot convert large numbers");
#else
            int val;
            PyObject *v = __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLong(x);
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            if (likely(v) && !PyLong_Check(v)) {
                PyObject *tmp = v;
                v = PyNumber_Long(tmp);
                Py_DECREF(tmp);
            }
 #endif
            if (likely(v)) {
                int one = 1; int is_little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
                unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
                int ret = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)v,
                                              bytes, sizeof(val),
                                              is_little, !is_unsigned);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (likely(!ret))
                    return val;
            }
#endif
            return (int) -1;
        }
    } else {
        int val;
        PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLong(x);
        if (!tmp) return (int) -1;
        val = __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(tmp);
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return val;
    }
raise_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "value too large to convert to int");
    return (int) -1;
raise_neg_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "can't convert negative value to int");
    return (int) -1;
}

/* CIntToPy */
              static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_long(long value) {
    const long neg_one = (long) -1, const_zero = (long) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
    if (is_unsigned) {
        if (sizeof(long) < sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    } else {
        if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG) value);
#endif
        }
    }
    {
        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&value;
        return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(long),
                                     little, !is_unsigned);
    }
}

/* CIntFromPy */
              static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(PyObject *x) {
    const long neg_one = (long) -1, const_zero = (long) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
        if (sizeof(long) < sizeof(long)) {
            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, PyInt_AS_LONG(x))
        } else {
            long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
            if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
            return (long) val;
        }
    } else
#endif
    if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
        if (is_unsigned) {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (long) 0;
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, digit, digits[0])
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
            if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#else
            {
                int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(x, Py_False, Py_LT);
                if (unlikely(result < 0))
                    return (long) -1;
                if (unlikely(result == 1))
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, unsigned long, PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x))
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
            } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x))
#endif
            }
        } else {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (long) 0;
                case -1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, sdigit, (sdigit) (-(sdigit)digits[0]))
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long,  digit, +digits[0])
                case -2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, long, PyLong_AsLong(x))
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
            } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsLongLong(x))
#endif
            }
        }
        {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(_PyLong_AsByteArray)
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                            "_PyLong_AsByteArray() not available in PyPy, cannot convert large numbers");
#else
            long val;
            PyObject *v = __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLong(x);
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            if (likely(v) && !PyLong_Check(v)) {
                PyObject *tmp = v;
                v = PyNumber_Long(tmp);
                Py_DECREF(tmp);
            }
 #endif
            if (likely(v)) {
                int one = 1; int is_little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
                unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
                int ret = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)v,
                                              bytes, sizeof(val),
                                              is_little, !is_unsigned);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (likely(!ret))
                    return val;
            }
#endif
            return (long) -1;
        }
    } else {
        long val;
        PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLong(x);
        if (!tmp) return (long) -1;
        val = __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(tmp);
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return val;
    }
raise_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "value too large to convert to long");
    return (long) -1;
raise_neg_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "can't convert negative value to long");
    return (long) -1;
}

/* FastTypeChecks */
              #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static int __Pyx_InBases(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b) {
    while (a) {
        a = a->tp_base;
        if (a == b)
            return 1;
    }
    return b == &PyBaseObject_Type;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b) {
    PyObject *mro;
    if (a == b) return 1;
    mro = a->tp_mro;
    if (likely(mro)) {
        Py_ssize_t i, n;
        n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, i) == (PyObject *)b)
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return __Pyx_InBases(a, b);
}
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 2
static int __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type1, PyObject* exc_type2) {
    PyObject *exception, *value, *tb;
    int res;
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
    __Pyx_ErrFetch(&exception, &value, &tb);
    res = exc_type1 ? PyObject_IsSubclass(err, exc_type1) : 0;
    if (unlikely(res == -1)) {
        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(err);
        res = 0;
    }
    if (!res) {
        res = PyObject_IsSubclass(err, exc_type2);
        if (unlikely(res == -1)) {
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(err);
            res = 0;
        }
    }
    __Pyx_ErrRestore(exception, value, tb);
    return res;
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type1, PyObject *exc_type2) {
    int res = exc_type1 ? __Pyx_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject*)err, (PyTypeObject*)exc_type1) : 0;
    if (!res) {
        res = __Pyx_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject*)err, (PyTypeObject*)exc_type2);
    }
    return res;
}
#endif
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject* exc_type) {
    if (likely(err == exc_type)) return 1;
    if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(err))) {
        return __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, NULL, exc_type);
    }
    return PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(PyObject *err, PyObject *exc_type1, PyObject *exc_type2) {
    if (likely(err == exc_type1 || err == exc_type2)) return 1;
    if (likely(PyExceptionClass_Check(err))) {
        return __Pyx_inner_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(err, exc_type1, exc_type2);
    }
    return (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type1) || PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, exc_type2));
}
#endif

/* SwapException */
              #if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx__ExceptionSwap(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    #if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030700A2
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_state.exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_state.exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_type = *type;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_value = *value;
    tstate->exc_state.exc_traceback = *tb;
    #else
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_type = *type;
    tstate->exc_value = *value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = *tb;
    #endif
    *type = tmp_type;
    *value = tmp_value;
    *tb = tmp_tb;
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ExceptionSwap(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    PyErr_GetExcInfo(&tmp_type, &tmp_value, &tmp_tb);
    PyErr_SetExcInfo(*type, *value, *tb);
    *type = tmp_type;
    *value = tmp_value;
    *tb = tmp_tb;
}
#endif

/* PyObjectCallMethod1 */
              static PyObject* __Pyx__PyObject_CallMethod1(PyObject* method, PyObject* arg) {
    PyObject *result = NULL;
#if CYTHON_UNPACK_METHODS
    if (likely(PyMethod_Check(method))) {
        PyObject *self = PyMethod_GET_SELF(method);
        if (likely(self)) {
            PyObject *args;
            PyObject *function = PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(method);
            #if CYTHON_FAST_PYCALL
            if (PyFunction_Check(function)) {
                PyObject *args[2] = {self, arg};
                result = __Pyx_PyFunction_FastCall(function, args, 2);
                goto done;
            }
            #endif
            #if CYTHON_FAST_PYCCALL
            if (__Pyx_PyFastCFunction_Check(function)) {
                PyObject *args[2] = {self, arg};
                result = __Pyx_PyCFunction_FastCall(function, args, 2);
                goto done;
            }
            #endif
            args = PyTuple_New(2);
            if (unlikely(!args)) goto done;
            Py_INCREF(self);
            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, self);
            Py_INCREF(arg);
            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 1, arg);
            Py_INCREF(function);
            result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(function, args, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(args);
            Py_DECREF(function);
            return result;
        }
    }
#endif
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(method, arg);
    goto done;
done:
    return result;
}
static PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethod1(PyObject* obj, PyObject* method_name, PyObject* arg) {
    PyObject *method, *result;
    method = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(obj, method_name);
    if (unlikely(!method)) return NULL;
    result = __Pyx__PyObject_CallMethod1(method, arg);
    Py_DECREF(method);
    return result;
}

/* CoroutineBase */
              #include <structmember.h>
#include <frameobject.h>
#define __Pyx_Coroutine_Undelegate(gen) Py_CLEAR((gen)->yieldfrom)
static int __Pyx_PyGen__FetchStopIterationValue(CYTHON_UNUSED PyThreadState *__pyx_tstate, PyObject **pvalue) {
    PyObject *et, *ev, *tb;
    PyObject *value = NULL;
    __Pyx_ErrFetch(&et, &ev, &tb);
    if (!et) {
        Py_XDECREF(tb);
        Py_XDECREF(ev);
        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
        *pvalue = Py_None;
        return 0;
    }
    if (likely(et == PyExc_StopIteration)) {
        if (!ev) {
            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
            value = Py_None;
        }
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030300A0
        else if (Py_TYPE(ev) == (PyTypeObject*)PyExc_StopIteration) {
            value = ((PyStopIterationObject *)ev)->value;
            Py_INCREF(value);
            Py_DECREF(ev);
        }
#endif
        else if (unlikely(PyTuple_Check(ev))) {
            if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(ev) >= 1) {
#if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS && !CYTHON_AVOID_BORROWED_REFS
                value = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(ev, 0);
                Py_INCREF(value);
#else
                value = PySequence_ITEM(ev, 0);
#endif
            } else {
                Py_INCREF(Py_None);
                value = Py_None;
            }
            Py_DECREF(ev);
        }
        else if (!__Pyx_TypeCheck(ev, (PyTypeObject*)PyExc_StopIteration)) {
            value = ev;
        }
        if (likely(value)) {
            Py_XDECREF(tb);
            Py_DECREF(et);
            *pvalue = value;
            return 0;
        }
    } else if (!__Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(et, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
        __Pyx_ErrRestore(et, ev, tb);
        return -1;
    }
    PyErr_NormalizeException(&et, &ev, &tb);
    if (unlikely(!PyObject_TypeCheck(ev, (PyTypeObject*)PyExc_StopIteration))) {
        __Pyx_ErrRestore(et, ev, tb);
        return -1;
    }
    Py_XDECREF(tb);
    Py_DECREF(et);
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030300A0
    value = ((PyStopIterationObject *)ev)->value;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    Py_DECREF(ev);
#else
    {
        PyObject* args = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(ev, __pyx_n_s_args);
        Py_DECREF(ev);
        if (likely(args)) {
            value = PySequence_GetItem(args, 0);
            Py_DECREF(args);
        }
        if (unlikely(!value)) {
            __Pyx_ErrRestore(NULL, NULL, NULL);
            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
            value = Py_None;
        }
    }
#endif
    *pvalue = value;
    return 0;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE
void __Pyx_Coroutine_ExceptionClear(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self) {
    PyObject *exc_type = self->exc_type;
    PyObject *exc_value = self->exc_value;
    PyObject *exc_traceback = self->exc_traceback;
    self->exc_type = NULL;
    self->exc_value = NULL;
    self->exc_traceback = NULL;
    Py_XDECREF(exc_type);
    Py_XDECREF(exc_value);
    Py_XDECREF(exc_traceback);
}
#define __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen)  (__Pyx__Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen), (PyObject*)NULL)
static void __Pyx__Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(CYTHON_UNUSED __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen) {
    const char *msg;
    if (0) {
    #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
    } else if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check((PyObject*)gen)) {
        msg = "coroutine already executing";
    #endif
    #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    } else if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact((PyObject*)gen)) {
        msg = "async generator already executing";
    #endif
    } else {
        msg = "generator already executing";
    }
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, msg);
}
#define __Pyx_Coroutine_NotStartedError(gen)  (__Pyx__Coroutine_NotStartedError(gen), (PyObject*)NULL)
static void __Pyx__Coroutine_NotStartedError(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *gen) {
    const char *msg;
    if (0) {
    #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
    } else if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check(gen)) {
        msg = "can't send non-None value to a just-started coroutine";
    #endif
    #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    } else if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(gen)) {
        msg = "can't send non-None value to a just-started async generator";
    #endif
    } else {
        msg = "can't send non-None value to a just-started generator";
    }
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msg);
}
#define __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyTerminatedError(gen, value, closing)  (__Pyx__Coroutine_AlreadyTerminatedError(gen, value, closing), (PyObject*)NULL)
static void __Pyx__Coroutine_AlreadyTerminatedError(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *gen, PyObject *value, CYTHON_UNUSED int closing) {
    #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
    if (!closing && __Pyx_Coroutine_Check(gen)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "cannot reuse already awaited coroutine");
    } else
    #endif
    if (value) {
        #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
        if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(gen))
            PyErr_SetNone(__Pyx_PyExc_StopAsyncIteration);
        else
        #endif
        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_StopIteration);
    }
}
static
PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self, PyObject *value, int closing) {
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
    PyThreadState *tstate;
    PyObject *retval;
    assert(!self->is_running);
    if (unlikely(self->resume_label == 0)) {
        if (unlikely(value && value != Py_None)) {
            return __Pyx_Coroutine_NotStartedError((PyObject*)self);
        }
    }
    if (unlikely(self->resume_label == -1)) {
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyTerminatedError((PyObject*)self, value, closing);
    }
#if CYTHON_FAST_THREAD_STATE
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
    tstate = __pyx_tstate;
#else
    tstate = __Pyx_PyThreadState_Current;
#endif
    if (self->exc_type) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON
#else
        if (self->exc_traceback) {
            PyTracebackObject *tb = (PyTracebackObject *) self->exc_traceback;
            PyFrameObject *f = tb->tb_frame;
            Py_XINCREF(tstate->frame);
            assert(f->f_back == NULL);
            f->f_back = tstate->frame;
        }
#endif
        __Pyx_ExceptionSwap(&self->exc_type, &self->exc_value,
                            &self->exc_traceback);
    } else {
        __Pyx_Coroutine_ExceptionClear(self);
        __Pyx_ExceptionSave(&self->exc_type, &self->exc_value, &self->exc_traceback);
    }
    self->is_running = 1;
    retval = self->body((PyObject *) self, tstate, value);
    self->is_running = 0;
    return retval;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_Coroutine_ResetFrameBackpointer(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self) {
    if (likely(self->exc_traceback)) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYSTON
#else
        PyTracebackObject *tb = (PyTracebackObject *) self->exc_traceback;
        PyFrameObject *f = tb->tb_frame;
        Py_CLEAR(f->f_back);
#endif
    }
}
static CYTHON_INLINE
PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_MethodReturn(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject* gen, PyObject *retval) {
    if (unlikely(!retval)) {
        __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
        __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
        if (!__Pyx_PyErr_Occurred()) {
            PyObject *exc = PyExc_StopIteration;
            #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
            if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(gen))
                exc = __Pyx_PyExc_StopAsyncIteration;
            #endif
            __Pyx_PyErr_SetNone(exc);
        }
    }
    return retval;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE
PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_FinishDelegation(__pyx_CoroutineObject *gen) {
    PyObject *ret;
    PyObject *val = NULL;
    __Pyx_Coroutine_Undelegate(gen);
    __Pyx_PyGen__FetchStopIterationValue(__Pyx_PyThreadState_Current, &val);
    ret = __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, val, 0);
    Py_XDECREF(val);
    return ret;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Send(PyObject *self, PyObject *value) {
    PyObject *retval;
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject*) self;
    PyObject *yf = gen->yieldfrom;
    if (unlikely(gen->is_running))
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen);
    if (yf) {
        PyObject *ret;
        gen->is_running = 1;
        #ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
        if (__Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx_Coroutine_Send(yf, value);
        } else
        #endif
        #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
        if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx_Coroutine_Send(yf, value);
        } else
        #endif
        #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
        if (__pyx_PyAsyncGenASend_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx_async_gen_asend_send(yf, value);
        } else
        #endif
        #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03030000 && (defined(__linux__) || PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030600B3)
        if (PyGen_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = _PyGen_Send((PyGenObject*)yf, value == Py_None ? NULL : value);
        } else
        #endif
        #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03050000 && defined(PyCoro_CheckExact) && (defined(__linux__) || PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030600B3)
        if (PyCoro_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = _PyGen_Send((PyGenObject*)yf, value == Py_None ? NULL : value);
        } else
        #endif
        {
            if (value == Py_None)
                ret = Py_TYPE(yf)->tp_iternext(yf);
            else
                ret = __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethod1(yf, __pyx_n_s_send, value);
        }
        gen->is_running = 0;
        if (likely(ret)) {
            return ret;
        }
        retval = __Pyx_Coroutine_FinishDelegation(gen);
    } else {
        retval = __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, value, 0);
    }
    return __Pyx_Coroutine_MethodReturn(self, retval);
}
static int __Pyx_Coroutine_CloseIter(__pyx_CoroutineObject *gen, PyObject *yf) {
    PyObject *retval = NULL;
    int err = 0;
    #ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
    if (__Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(yf)) {
        retval = __Pyx_Coroutine_Close(yf);
        if (!retval)
            return -1;
    } else
    #endif
    #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
    if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check(yf)) {
        retval = __Pyx_Coroutine_Close(yf);
        if (!retval)
            return -1;
    } else
    if (__Pyx_CoroutineAwait_CheckExact(yf)) {
        retval = __Pyx_CoroutineAwait_Close((__pyx_CoroutineAwaitObject*)yf);
        if (!retval)
            return -1;
    } else
    #endif
    #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    if (__pyx_PyAsyncGenASend_CheckExact(yf)) {
        retval = __Pyx_async_gen_asend_close(yf, NULL);
    } else
    if (__pyx_PyAsyncGenAThrow_CheckExact(yf)) {
        retval = __Pyx_async_gen_athrow_close(yf, NULL);
    } else
    #endif
    {
        PyObject *meth;
        gen->is_running = 1;
        meth = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(yf, __pyx_n_s_close);
        if (unlikely(!meth)) {
            if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                PyErr_WriteUnraisable(yf);
            }
            PyErr_Clear();
        } else {
            retval = PyObject_CallFunction(meth, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(meth);
            if (!retval)
                err = -1;
        }
        gen->is_running = 0;
    }
    Py_XDECREF(retval);
    return err;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_Generator_Next(PyObject *self) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject*) self;
    PyObject *yf = gen->yieldfrom;
    if (unlikely(gen->is_running))
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen);
    if (yf) {
        PyObject *ret;
        gen->is_running = 1;
        #ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
        if (__Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx_Generator_Next(yf);
        } else
        #endif
        #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03030000 && (defined(__linux__) || PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030600B3)
        if (PyGen_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = _PyGen_Send((PyGenObject*)yf, NULL);
        } else
        #endif
        #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
        if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx_Coroutine_Send(yf, Py_None);
        } else
        #endif
            ret = Py_TYPE(yf)->tp_iternext(yf);
        gen->is_running = 0;
        if (likely(ret)) {
            return ret;
        }
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_FinishDelegation(gen);
    }
    return __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, Py_None, 0);
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Close(PyObject *self) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject *) self;
    PyObject *retval, *raised_exception;
    PyObject *yf = gen->yieldfrom;
    int err = 0;
    if (unlikely(gen->is_running))
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen);
    if (yf) {
        Py_INCREF(yf);
        err = __Pyx_Coroutine_CloseIter(gen, yf);
        __Pyx_Coroutine_Undelegate(gen);
        Py_DECREF(yf);
    }
    if (err == 0)
        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_GeneratorExit);
    retval = __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, NULL, 1);
    if (unlikely(retval)) {
        const char *msg;
        Py_DECREF(retval);
        if ((0)) {
        #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
        } else if (__Pyx_Coroutine_Check(self)) {
            msg = "coroutine ignored GeneratorExit";
        #endif
        #ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
        } else if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(self)) {
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03060000
            msg = "async generator ignored GeneratorExit - might require Python 3.6+ finalisation (PEP 525)";
#else
            msg = "async generator ignored GeneratorExit";
#endif
        #endif
        } else {
            msg = "generator ignored GeneratorExit";
        }
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, msg);
        return NULL;
    }
    raised_exception = PyErr_Occurred();
    if (likely(!raised_exception || __Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches2(raised_exception, PyExc_GeneratorExit, PyExc_StopIteration))) {
        if (raised_exception) PyErr_Clear();
        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
        return Py_None;
    }
    return NULL;
}
static PyObject *__Pyx__Coroutine_Throw(PyObject *self, PyObject *typ, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb,
                                        PyObject *args, int close_on_genexit) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject *) self;
    PyObject *yf = gen->yieldfrom;
    if (unlikely(gen->is_running))
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_AlreadyRunningError(gen);
    if (yf) {
        PyObject *ret;
        Py_INCREF(yf);
        if (__Pyx_PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(typ, PyExc_GeneratorExit) && close_on_genexit) {
            int err = __Pyx_Coroutine_CloseIter(gen, yf);
            Py_DECREF(yf);
            __Pyx_Coroutine_Undelegate(gen);
            if (err < 0)
                return __Pyx_Coroutine_MethodReturn(self, __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, NULL, 0));
            goto throw_here;
        }
        gen->is_running = 1;
        if (0
        #ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
            || __Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(yf)
        #endif
        #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
            || __Pyx_Coroutine_Check(yf)
        #endif
            ) {
            ret = __Pyx__Coroutine_Throw(yf, typ, val, tb, args, close_on_genexit);
        #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
        } else if (__Pyx_CoroutineAwait_CheckExact(yf)) {
            ret = __Pyx__Coroutine_Throw(((__pyx_CoroutineAwaitObject*)yf)->coroutine, typ, val, tb, args, close_on_genexit);
        #endif
        } else {
            PyObject *meth = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(yf, __pyx_n_s_throw);
            if (unlikely(!meth)) {
                Py_DECREF(yf);
                if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                    gen->is_running = 0;
                    return NULL;
                }
                PyErr_Clear();
                __Pyx_Coroutine_Undelegate(gen);
                gen->is_running = 0;
                goto throw_here;
            }
            if (likely(args)) {
                ret = PyObject_CallObject(meth, args);
            } else {
                ret = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(meth, typ, val, tb, NULL);
            }
            Py_DECREF(meth);
        }
        gen->is_running = 0;
        Py_DECREF(yf);
        if (!ret) {
            ret = __Pyx_Coroutine_FinishDelegation(gen);
        }
        return __Pyx_Coroutine_MethodReturn(self, ret);
    }
throw_here:
    __Pyx_Raise(typ, val, tb, NULL);
    return __Pyx_Coroutine_MethodReturn(self, __Pyx_Coroutine_SendEx(gen, NULL, 0));
}
static PyObject *__Pyx_Coroutine_Throw(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
    PyObject *typ;
    PyObject *val = NULL;
    PyObject *tb = NULL;
    if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, (char *)"throw", 1, 3, &typ, &val, &tb))
        return NULL;
    return __Pyx__Coroutine_Throw(self, typ, val, tb, args, 1);
}
static int __Pyx_Coroutine_traverse(__pyx_CoroutineObject *gen, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
    Py_VISIT(gen->closure);
    Py_VISIT(gen->classobj);
    Py_VISIT(gen->yieldfrom);
    Py_VISIT(gen->exc_type);
    Py_VISIT(gen->exc_value);
    Py_VISIT(gen->exc_traceback);
    return 0;
}
static int __Pyx_Coroutine_clear(PyObject *self) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject *) self;
    Py_CLEAR(gen->closure);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->classobj);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->yieldfrom);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->exc_type);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->exc_value);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->exc_traceback);
#ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(self)) {
        Py_CLEAR(((__pyx_PyAsyncGenObject*)gen)->ag_finalizer);
    }
#endif
    Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_code);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_name);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_qualname);
    Py_CLEAR(gen->gi_modulename);
    return 0;
}
static void __Pyx_Coroutine_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject *) self;
    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(gen);
    if (gen->gi_weakreflist != NULL)
        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
    if (gen->resume_label >= 0) {
        PyObject_GC_Track(self);
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030400a1 && CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
        if (PyObject_CallFinalizerFromDealloc(self))
#else
        Py_TYPE(gen)->tp_del(self);
        if (self->ob_refcnt > 0)
#endif
        {
            return;
        }
        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
    }
#ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(self)) {
        /* We have to handle this case for asynchronous generators
           right here, because this code has to be between UNTRACK
           and GC_Del. */
        Py_CLEAR(((__pyx_PyAsyncGenObject*)self)->ag_finalizer);
    }
#endif
    __Pyx_Coroutine_clear(self);
    PyObject_GC_Del(gen);
}
static void __Pyx_Coroutine_del(PyObject *self) {
    PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = (__pyx_CoroutineObject *) self;
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_declare
    if (gen->resume_label < 0) {
        return;
    }
#if !CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
    assert(self->ob_refcnt == 0);
    self->ob_refcnt = 1;
#endif
    __Pyx_PyThreadState_assign
    __Pyx_ErrFetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
#ifdef __Pyx_AsyncGen_USED
    if (__Pyx_AsyncGen_CheckExact(self)) {
        __pyx_PyAsyncGenObject *agen = (__pyx_PyAsyncGenObject*)self;
        PyObject *finalizer = agen->ag_finalizer;
        if (finalizer && !agen->ag_closed) {
            PyObject *res = __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(finalizer, self);
            if (unlikely(!res)) {
                PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
            } else {
                Py_DECREF(res);
            }
            __Pyx_ErrRestore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
            return;
        }
    }
#endif
    if (unlikely(gen->resume_label == 0 && !error_value)) {
#ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
#ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
    if (!__Pyx_Generator_CheckExact(self))
#endif
        {
        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3  || defined(PyErr_WarnFormat)
        if (unlikely(PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, 1, "coroutine '%.50S' was never awaited", gen->gi_qualname) < 0))
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
#else
        {PyObject *msg;
        char *cmsg;
        #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
        msg = NULL;
        cmsg = (char*) "coroutine was never awaited";
        #else
        char *cname;
        PyObject *qualname;
        qualname = gen->gi_qualname;
        cname = PyString_AS_STRING(qualname);
        msg = PyString_FromFormat("coroutine '%.50s' was never awaited", cname);
        if (unlikely(!msg)) {
            PyErr_Clear();
            cmsg = (char*) "coroutine was never awaited";
        } else {
            cmsg = PyString_AS_STRING(msg);
        }
        #endif
        if (unlikely(PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, cmsg, 1) < 0))
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
        Py_XDECREF(msg);}
#endif
        PyObject_GC_Track(self);
        }
#endif
    } else {
        PyObject *res = __Pyx_Coroutine_Close(self);
        if (unlikely(!res)) {
            if (PyErr_Occurred())
                PyErr_WriteUnraisable(self);
        } else {
            Py_DECREF(res);
        }
    }
    __Pyx_ErrRestore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
#if !CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
    assert(self->ob_refcnt > 0);
    if (--self->ob_refcnt == 0) {
        return;
    }
    {
        Py_ssize_t refcnt = self->ob_refcnt;
        _Py_NewReference(self);
        self->ob_refcnt = refcnt;
    }
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    assert(PyType_IS_GC(self->ob_type) &&
           _Py_AS_GC(self)->gc.gc_refs != _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED);
    _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL;
#endif
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
    --Py_TYPE(self)->tp_frees;
    --Py_TYPE(self)->tp_allocs;
#endif
#endif
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_Coroutine_get_name(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self)
{
    PyObject *name = self->gi_name;
    if (unlikely(!name)) name = Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(name);
    return name;
}
static int
__Pyx_Coroutine_set_name(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value))) {
#else
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyString_Check(value))) {
#endif
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__name__ must be set to a string object");
        return -1;
    }
    tmp = self->gi_name;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    self->gi_name = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static PyObject *
__Pyx_Coroutine_get_qualname(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self)
{
    PyObject *name = self->gi_qualname;
    if (unlikely(!name)) name = Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(name);
    return name;
}
static int
__Pyx_Coroutine_set_qualname(__pyx_CoroutineObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
    PyObject *tmp;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(value))) {
#else
    if (unlikely(value == NULL || !PyString_Check(value))) {
#endif
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                        "__qualname__ must be set to a string object");
        return -1;
    }
    tmp = self->gi_qualname;
    Py_INCREF(value);
    self->gi_qualname = value;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
    return 0;
}
static __pyx_CoroutineObject *__Pyx__Coroutine_New(
            PyTypeObject* type, __pyx_coroutine_body_t body, PyObject *code, PyObject *closure,
            PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, PyObject *module_name) {
    __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen = PyObject_GC_New(__pyx_CoroutineObject, type);
    if (unlikely(!gen))
        return NULL;
    return __Pyx__Coroutine_NewInit(gen, body, code, closure, name, qualname, module_name);
}
static __pyx_CoroutineObject *__Pyx__Coroutine_NewInit(
            __pyx_CoroutineObject *gen, __pyx_coroutine_body_t body, PyObject *code, PyObject *closure,
            PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, PyObject *module_name) {
    gen->body = body;
    gen->closure = closure;
    Py_XINCREF(closure);
    gen->is_running = 0;
    gen->resume_label = 0;
    gen->classobj = NULL;
    gen->yieldfrom = NULL;
    gen->exc_type = NULL;
    gen->exc_value = NULL;
    gen->exc_traceback = NULL;
    gen->gi_weakreflist = NULL;
    Py_XINCREF(qualname);
    gen->gi_qualname = qualname;
    Py_XINCREF(name);
    gen->gi_name = name;
    Py_XINCREF(module_name);
    gen->gi_modulename = module_name;
    Py_XINCREF(code);
    gen->gi_code = code;
    PyObject_GC_Track(gen);
    return gen;
}

/* PatchModuleWithCoroutine */
                  static PyObject* __Pyx_Coroutine_patch_module(PyObject* module, const char* py_code) {
#if defined(__Pyx_Generator_USED) || defined(__Pyx_Coroutine_USED)
    int result;
    PyObject *globals, *result_obj;
    globals = PyDict_New();  if (unlikely(!globals)) goto ignore;
    result = PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "_cython_coroutine_type",
    #ifdef __Pyx_Coroutine_USED
        (PyObject*)__pyx_CoroutineType);
    #else
        Py_None);
    #endif
    if (unlikely(result < 0)) goto ignore;
    result = PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "_cython_generator_type",
    #ifdef __Pyx_Generator_USED
        (PyObject*)__pyx_GeneratorType);
    #else
        Py_None);
    #endif
    if (unlikely(result < 0)) goto ignore;
    if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "_module", module) < 0)) goto ignore;
    if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "__builtins__", __pyx_b) < 0)) goto ignore;
    result_obj = PyRun_String(py_code, Py_file_input, globals, globals);
    if (unlikely(!result_obj)) goto ignore;
    Py_DECREF(result_obj);
    Py_DECREF(globals);
    return module;
ignore:
    Py_XDECREF(globals);
    PyErr_WriteUnraisable(module);
    if (unlikely(PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, "Cython module failed to patch module with custom type", 1) < 0)) {
        Py_DECREF(module);
        module = NULL;
    }
#else
    py_code++;
#endif
    return module;
}

/* PatchGeneratorABC */
                  #ifndef CYTHON_REGISTER_ABCS
#define CYTHON_REGISTER_ABCS 1
#endif
#if defined(__Pyx_Generator_USED) || defined(__Pyx_Coroutine_USED)
static PyObject* __Pyx_patch_abc_module(PyObject *module);
static PyObject* __Pyx_patch_abc_module(PyObject *module) {
    module = __Pyx_Coroutine_patch_module(
        module, ""
"if _cython_generator_type is not None:\n"
"    try: Generator = _module.Generator\n"
"    except AttributeError: pass\n"
"    else: Generator.register(_cython_generator_type)\n"
"if _cython_coroutine_type is not None:\n"
"    try: Coroutine = _module.Coroutine\n"
"    except AttributeError: pass\n"
"    else: Coroutine.register(_cython_coroutine_type)\n"
    );
    return module;
}
#endif
static int __Pyx_patch_abc(void) {
#if defined(__Pyx_Generator_USED) || defined(__Pyx_Coroutine_USED)
    static int abc_patched = 0;
    if (CYTHON_REGISTER_ABCS && !abc_patched) {
        PyObject *module;
        module = PyImport_ImportModule((PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3) ? "collections.abc" : "collections");
        if (!module) {
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);
            if (unlikely(PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning,
                    ((PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3) ?
                        "Cython module failed to register with collections.abc module" :
                        "Cython module failed to register with collections module"), 1) < 0)) {
                return -1;
            }
        } else {
            module = __Pyx_patch_abc_module(module);
            abc_patched = 1;
            if (unlikely(!module))
                return -1;
            Py_DECREF(module);
        }
        module = PyImport_ImportModule("backports_abc");
        if (module) {
            module = __Pyx_patch_abc_module(module);
            Py_XDECREF(module);
        }
        if (!module) {
            PyErr_Clear();
        }
    }
#else
    if ((0)) __Pyx_Coroutine_patch_module(NULL, NULL);
#endif
    return 0;
}

/* Generator */
                  static PyMethodDef __pyx_Generator_methods[] = {
    {"send", (PyCFunction) __Pyx_Coroutine_Send, METH_O,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("send(arg) -> send 'arg' into generator,\nreturn next yielded value or raise StopIteration.")},
    {"throw", (PyCFunction) __Pyx_Coroutine_Throw, METH_VARARGS,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("throw(typ[,val[,tb]]) -> raise exception in generator,\nreturn next yielded value or raise StopIteration.")},
    {"close", (PyCFunction) __Pyx_Coroutine_Close, METH_NOARGS,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("close() -> raise GeneratorExit inside generator.")},
    {0, 0, 0, 0}
};
static PyMemberDef __pyx_Generator_memberlist[] = {
    {(char *) "gi_running", T_BOOL, offsetof(__pyx_CoroutineObject, is_running), READONLY, NULL},
    {(char*) "gi_yieldfrom", T_OBJECT, offsetof(__pyx_CoroutineObject, yieldfrom), READONLY,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("object being iterated by 'yield from', or None")},
    {(char*) "gi_code", T_OBJECT, offsetof(__pyx_CoroutineObject, gi_code), READONLY, NULL},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
static PyGetSetDef __pyx_Generator_getsets[] = {
    {(char *) "__name__", (getter)__Pyx_Coroutine_get_name, (setter)__Pyx_Coroutine_set_name,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("name of the generator"), 0},
    {(char *) "__qualname__", (getter)__Pyx_Coroutine_get_qualname, (setter)__Pyx_Coroutine_set_qualname,
     (char*) PyDoc_STR("qualified name of the generator"), 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
static PyTypeObject __pyx_GeneratorType_type = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(0, 0)
    "generator",
    sizeof(__pyx_CoroutineObject),
    0,
    (destructor) __Pyx_Coroutine_dealloc,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE,
    0,
    (traverseproc) __Pyx_Coroutine_traverse,
    0,
    0,
    offsetof(__pyx_CoroutineObject, gi_weakreflist),
    0,
    (iternextfunc) __Pyx_Generator_Next,
    __pyx_Generator_methods,
    __pyx_Generator_memberlist,
    __pyx_Generator_getsets,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
#if CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
    0,
#else
    __Pyx_Coroutine_del,
#endif
    0,
#if CYTHON_USE_TP_FINALIZE
    __Pyx_Coroutine_del,
#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030400a1
    0,
#endif
};
static int __pyx_Generator_init(void) {
    __pyx_GeneratorType_type.tp_getattro = __Pyx_PyObject_GenericGetAttrNoDict;
    __pyx_GeneratorType_type.tp_iter = PyObject_SelfIter;
    __pyx_GeneratorType = __Pyx_FetchCommonType(&__pyx_GeneratorType_type);
    if (unlikely(!__pyx_GeneratorType)) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

/* CheckBinaryVersion */
                  static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void) {
    char ctversion[4], rtversion[4];
    PyOS_snprintf(ctversion, 4, "%d.%d", PY_MAJOR_VERSION, PY_MINOR_VERSION);
    PyOS_snprintf(rtversion, 4, "%s", Py_GetVersion());
    if (ctversion[0] != rtversion[0] || ctversion[2] != rtversion[2]) {
        char message[200];
        PyOS_snprintf(message, sizeof(message),
                      "compiletime version %s of module '%.100s' "
                      "does not match runtime version %s",
                      ctversion, __Pyx_MODULE_NAME, rtversion);
        return PyErr_WarnEx(NULL, message, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* ModuleImport */
                  #ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name) {
    PyObject *py_name = 0;
    PyObject *py_module = 0;
    py_name = __Pyx_PyIdentifier_FromString(name);
    if (!py_name)
        goto bad;
    py_module = PyImport_Import(py_name);
    Py_DECREF(py_name);
    return py_module;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_name);
    return 0;
}
#endif

/* TypeImport */
                  #ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportType
static PyTypeObject *__Pyx_ImportType(const char *module_name, const char *class_name,
    size_t size, int strict)
{
    PyObject *py_module = 0;
    PyObject *result = 0;
    PyObject *py_name = 0;
    char warning[200];
    Py_ssize_t basicsize;
#ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
    PyObject *py_basicsize;
#endif
    py_module = __Pyx_ImportModule(module_name);
    if (!py_module)
        goto bad;
    py_name = __Pyx_PyIdentifier_FromString(class_name);
    if (!py_name)
        goto bad;
    result = PyObject_GetAttr(py_module, py_name);
    Py_DECREF(py_name);
    py_name = 0;
    Py_DECREF(py_module);
    py_module = 0;
    if (!result)
        goto bad;
    if (!PyType_Check(result)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
            "%.200s.%.200s is not a type object",
            module_name, class_name);
        goto bad;
    }
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
    basicsize = ((PyTypeObject *)result)->tp_basicsize;
#else
    py_basicsize = PyObject_GetAttrString(result, "__basicsize__");
    if (!py_basicsize)
        goto bad;
    basicsize = PyLong_AsSsize_t(py_basicsize);
    Py_DECREF(py_basicsize);
    py_basicsize = 0;
    if (basicsize == (Py_ssize_t)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
        goto bad;
#endif
    if (!strict && (size_t)basicsize > size) {
        PyOS_snprintf(warning, sizeof(warning),
            "%s.%s size changed, may indicate binary incompatibility. Expected %zd, got %zd",
            module_name, class_name, basicsize, size);
        if (PyErr_WarnEx(NULL, warning, 0) < 0) goto bad;
    }
    else if ((size_t)basicsize != size) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
            "%.200s.%.200s has the wrong size, try recompiling. Expected %zd, got %zd",
            module_name, class_name, basicsize, size);
        goto bad;
    }
    return (PyTypeObject *)result;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_module);
    Py_XDECREF(result);
    return NULL;
}
#endif

/* InitStrings */
                  static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t) {
    while (t->p) {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (t->is_unicode) {
            *t->p = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(t->s, t->n - 1, NULL);
        } else if (t->intern) {
            *t->p = PyString_InternFromString(t->s);
        } else {
            *t->p = PyString_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
        }
        #else
        if (t->is_unicode | t->is_str) {
            if (t->intern) {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_InternFromString(t->s);
            } else if (t->encoding) {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_Decode(t->s, t->n - 1, t->encoding, NULL);
            } else {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
            }
        } else {
            *t->p = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
        }
        #endif
        if (!*t->p)
            return -1;
        if (PyObject_Hash(*t->p) == -1)
            return -1;
        ++t;
    }
    return 0;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char* c_str) {
    return __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, (Py_ssize_t)strlen(c_str));
}
static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject* o) {
    Py_ssize_t ignore;
    return __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(o, &ignore);
}
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT
#if !CYTHON_PEP393_ENABLED
static const char* __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
    char* defenc_c;
    PyObject* defenc = _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(o, NULL);
    if (!defenc) return NULL;
    defenc_c = PyBytes_AS_STRING(defenc);
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
    {
        char* end = defenc_c + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(defenc);
        char* c;
        for (c = defenc_c; c < end; c++) {
            if ((unsigned char) (*c) >= 128) {
                PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
                return NULL;
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    *length = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(defenc);
    return defenc_c;
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
    if (unlikely(__Pyx_PyUnicode_READY(o) == -1)) return NULL;
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
    if (likely(PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(o))) {
        *length = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(o);
        return PyUnicode_AsUTF8(o);
    } else {
        PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
        return NULL;
    }
#else
    return PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(o, length);
#endif
}
#endif
#endif
static CYTHON_INLINE const char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT
    if (
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
            __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii &&
#endif
            PyUnicode_Check(o)) {
        return __Pyx_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(o, length);
    } else
#endif
#if (!CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY) || (defined(PyByteArray_AS_STRING) && defined(PyByteArray_GET_SIZE))
    if (PyByteArray_Check(o)) {
        *length = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(o);
        return PyByteArray_AS_STRING(o);
    } else
#endif
    {
        char* result;
        int r = PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(o, &result, length);
        if (unlikely(r < 0)) {
            return NULL;
        } else {
            return result;
        }
    }
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject* x) {
   int is_true = x == Py_True;
   if (is_true | (x == Py_False) | (x == Py_None)) return is_true;
   else return PyObject_IsTrue(x);
}
static PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLongWrongResultType(PyObject* result, const char* type_name) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (PyLong_Check(result)) {
        if (PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 1,
                "__int__ returned non-int (type %.200s).  "
                "The ability to return an instance of a strict subclass of int "
                "is deprecated, and may be removed in a future version of Python.",
                Py_TYPE(result)->tp_name)) {
            Py_DECREF(result);
            return NULL;
        }
        return result;
    }
#endif
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                 "__%.4s__ returned non-%.4s (type %.200s)",
                 type_name, type_name, Py_TYPE(result)->tp_name);
    Py_DECREF(result);
    return NULL;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLong(PyObject* x) {
#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
  PyNumberMethods *m;
#endif
  const char *name = NULL;
  PyObject *res = NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (likely(PyInt_Check(x) || PyLong_Check(x)))
#else
  if (likely(PyLong_Check(x)))
#endif
    return __Pyx_NewRef(x);
#if CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS
  m = Py_TYPE(x)->tp_as_number;
  #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (m && m->nb_int) {
    name = "int";
    res = m->nb_int(x);
  }
  else if (m && m->nb_long) {
    name = "long";
    res = m->nb_long(x);
  }
  #else
  if (likely(m && m->nb_int)) {
    name = "int";
    res = m->nb_int(x);
  }
  #endif
#else
  if (!PyBytes_CheckExact(x) && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(x)) {
    res = PyNumber_Int(x);
  }
#endif
  if (likely(res)) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (unlikely(!PyInt_Check(res) && !PyLong_Check(res))) {
#else
    if (unlikely(!PyLong_CheckExact(res))) {
#endif
        return __Pyx_PyNumber_IntOrLongWrongResultType(res, name);
    }
  }
  else if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                    "an integer is required");
  }
  return res;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject* b) {
  Py_ssize_t ival;
  PyObject *x;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (likely(PyInt_CheckExact(b))) {
    if (sizeof(Py_ssize_t) >= sizeof(long))
        return PyInt_AS_LONG(b);
    else
        return PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
  }
#endif
  if (likely(PyLong_CheckExact(b))) {
    #if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
    const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)b)->ob_digit;
    const Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(b);
    if (likely(__Pyx_sst_abs(size) <= 1)) {
        ival = likely(size) ? digits[0] : 0;
        if (size == -1) ival = -ival;
        return ival;
    } else {
      switch (size) {
         case 2:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -2:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case 3:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((((size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -3:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((((size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case 4:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((((((size_t)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -4:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((((((size_t)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
      }
    }
    #endif
    return PyLong_AsSsize_t(b);
  }
  x = PyNumber_Index(b);
  if (!x) return -1;
  ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
  Py_DECREF(x);
  return ival;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyInt_FromSize_t(size_t ival) {
    return PyInt_FromSize_t(ival);
}


#endif /* Py_PYTHON_H */
