## Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) URL:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>

Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not
provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public
licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons
makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis.
Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material
licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative
Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
fullest extent possible.

**Using Creative Commons Public Licenses:** Creative Commons public licenses
provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights
holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject
to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

**Considerations for licensors:** Our public licenses are intended for use by
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restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable.
Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license
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encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable.

## Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in
consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor
grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

**Section 1 – Definitions.**

1.  **Adapted Material** means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
    that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
    Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or
    otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and
    Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License,
    where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound
    recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material
    is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

2.  **Adapter's License** means the license You apply to Your Copyright and
    Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with
    the terms and conditions of this Public License.

3.  **Copyright and Similar Rights** means copyright and/or similar rights
    closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance,
    broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard
    to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public
    License, the rights specified in
    Section [2(b)(1)-(2)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s2b) are
    not Copyright and Similar Rights.

4.  **Effective Technological Measures** means those measures that, in the
    absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling
    obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on
    December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

5.  **Exceptions and Limitations** means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any
    other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies
    to Your use of the Licensed Material.

6.  **Licensed Material** means the artistic or literary work, database, or
    other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

7.  **Licensed Rights** means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
    conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
    Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
    Licensor has authority to license.

8.  **Licensor** means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under
    this Public License.

9.  **Share** means to provide material to the public by any means or process
    that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction,
    public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination,
    communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public
    including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a
    place and at a time individually chosen by them.

10. **Sui Generis Database Rights** means rights other than copyright resulting
    from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
    March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or
    succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the
    world.

11. **You** means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
    this Public License. **Your** has a corresponding meaning.

**Section 2 – Scope.**

1.  **License grant**.

    1.  Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor
        hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable,
        non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in
        the Licensed Material to:

        1.  reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and

        2.  produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.

    2.  Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions
        and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply,
        and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

    3.  Term. The term of this Public License is specified in
        Section [6(a)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s6a).

    4.  Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor
        authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats
        whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical
        modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not
        to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical
        modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
        technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological
        Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making
        modifications authorized by this
        Section [2(a)(4)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s2a4) never
        produces Adapted Material.

    5.  Downstream recipients.

        1.  Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the
            Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor
            to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of
            this Public License.

        2.  No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any
            additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any
            Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing
            so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the
            Licensed Material.

    6.  No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be
        construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your
        use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed,
        or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to
        receive attribution as provided in
        Section [3(a)(1)(A)(i)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a1Ai).

2.  **Other rights**.

    1.  Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under
        this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar
        personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives
        and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the
        limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights,
        but not otherwise.

    2.  Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

    3.  To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect
        royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether
        directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable
        statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the
        Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.

**Section 3 – License Conditions.**

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
conditions.

1.  **Attribution**.

    1.  If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You
        must:

        1.  retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the
            Licensed Material:

            1.  identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and
                any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable
                manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
                designated);

            2.  a copyright notice;

            3.  a notice that refers to this Public License;

            4.  a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

            5.  a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent
                reasonably practicable;

        2.  indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an
            indication of any previous modifications; and

        3.  indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public
            License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this
            Public License.

    2.  You may satisfy the conditions in
        Section [3(a)(1)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a1) in
        any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which
        You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to
        satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource
        that includes the required information.

    3.  If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information
        required by
        Section [3(a)(1)(A)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a1A) to
        the extent reasonably practicable.

    4.  If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You
        apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying
        with this Public License.

**Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.**

>   Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
>   Your use of the Licensed Material:

1.  for the avoidance of doubt,
    Section [2(a)(1)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s2a1) grants
    You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
    portion of the contents of the database;

2.  if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a
    database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in
    which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
    is Adapted Material; and

3.  You must comply with the conditions in
    Section [3(a)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s3a) if
    You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this
Section [4](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s4) supplements
and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the
Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

**Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.**

1.  **Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent
    possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available,
    and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the
    Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This
    includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness
    for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other
    defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not
    known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in
    full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.**

2.  **To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on
    any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise
    for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive,
    exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this
    Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has
    been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages.
    Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this
    limitation may not apply to You.**

3.  The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
    shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
    approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

**Section 6 – Term and Termination.**

1.  This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
    licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
    Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

2.  Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
    Section [6(a)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s6a),
    it reinstates:

    1.  automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is
        cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

    2.  upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

>   For the avoidance of doubt, this
>   Section [6(b)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s6b) does
>   not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your
>   violations of this Public License.

1.  For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
    Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the
    Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this
    Public License.

2.  Sections [1](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s1), [5](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s5), [6](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s6), [7](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s7),
    and [8](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#s8) survive
    termination of this Public License.

**Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.**

1.  The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
    conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

2.  Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
    Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
    and conditions of this Public License.

**Section 8 – Interpretation.**

1.  For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be
    interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of
    the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
    this Public License.

2.  To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
    unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent
    necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it
    shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the
    enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

3.  No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to
    comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

4.  Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a
    limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to
    the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction
    or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it
publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of
the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the
CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that
material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise
permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at
creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the
trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons
without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection
with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other
arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material.
For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public
licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
