⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense 1 = 과거형 1  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO083.HTM)

to write
써요
sseoyo
►
He wrote a letter.
그는 편지를 썼어요.
geuneun pyeonjileul sseoss-eoyo.
►
And she wrote a card.
그리고 그녀는 카드를 썼어요.
geuligo geunyeoneun kadeuleul sseoss-eoyo.
►




to read
읽어요
ilg-eoyo
►
He read a magazine.
그는 잡지를 읽었어요.
geuneun jabjileul ilg-eoss-eoyo.
►
And she read a book.
그리고 그녀는 책을 읽었어요.
geuligo geunyeoneun chaeg-eul ilg-eoss-eoyo.
►




to take
가져가요
gajyeogayo
►
He took a cigarette.
그는 담배를 가져갔어요.
geuneun dambaeleul gajyeogass-eoyo.
►
She took a piece of chocolate.
그녀는 초콜렛 한 조각을 가져갔어요.
geunyeoneun chokolles han jogag-eul gajyeogass-eoyo.
►




He was disloyal, but she was loyal.
그는 의리가 없었지만, 그녀는 의리가 있었어요.
geuneun uiliga eobs-eossjiman, geunyeoneun uiliga iss-eoss-eoyo.
►
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.
그는 게을렀지만, 그녀는 성실했어요.
geuneun geeulleossjiman, geunyeoneun seongsilhaess-eoyo.
►
He was poor, but she was rich.
그는 가난했지만, 그녀는 부자였어요.
geuneun gananhaessjiman, geunyeoneun bujayeoss-eoyo.
►




He had no money, only debts.
그는 돈이 없었고, 빚만 있었어요.
geuneun don-i eobs-eossgo, bijman iss-eoss-eoyo.
►
He had no luck, only bad luck.
그는 행운이 없었고, 불운만 있었어요.
geuneun haeng-un-i eobs-eossgo, bul-unman iss-eoss-eoyo.
►
He had no success, only failure.
그는 성공이 없었고, 실패만 있었어요.
geuneun seong-gong-i eobs-eossgo, silpaeman iss-eoss-eoyo.
►




He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.
그는 만족하지 않았고, 불만족했어요.
geuneun manjoghaji anh-assgo, bulmanjoghaess-eoyo.
►
He was not happy, but sad.
그는 행복하지 않았고, 슬펐어요.
geuneun haengboghaji anh-assgo, seulpeoss-eoyo.
►
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.
그는 친절하지 않았고, 불친절했어요.
geuneun chinjeolhaji anh-assgo, bulchinjeolhaess-eoyo.
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense 2 = 과거형 2  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO084.HTM)

Did you have to call an ambulance?
구급차를 불러야만 했어요?
gugeubchaleul bulleoyaman haess-eoyo?
►
Did you have to call the doctor?
의사를 불러야만 했어요?
uisaleul bulleoyaman haess-eoyo?
►
Did you have to call the police?
경찰을 불러야만 했어요?
gyeongchal-eul bulleoyaman haess-eoyo?
►




Do you have the telephone number? I had it just now.
그 전화번호가 있어요? 방금 전에 있었어요.
geu jeonhwabeonhoga iss-eoyo? bang-geum jeon-e iss-eoss-eoyo.
►
Do you have the address? I had it just now.
그 주소가 있어요? 방금 전에 있었어요.
geu jusoga iss-eoyo? bang-geum jeon-e iss-eoss-eoyo.
►
Do you have the city map? I had it just now.
그 도시 지도가 있어요? 방금 전에 있었어요.
geu dosi jidoga iss-eoyo? bang-geum jeon-e iss-eoss-eoyo.
►




Did he come on time? He could not come on time.
그가 정각에 왔어요? 그는 정각에 못 왔어요.
geuga jeong-gag-e wass-eoyo? geuneun jeong-gag-e mos wass-eoyo.
►
Did he find the way? He could not find the way.
그가 길을 찾았어요? 그는 길을 못 찾았어요.
geuga gil-eul chaj-ass-eoyo? geuneun gil-eul mos chaj-ass-eoyo.
►
Did he understand you? He could not understand me.
그가 당신을 이해했어요? 그는 저를 이해 못했어요.
geuga dangsin-eul ihaehaess-eoyo? geuneun jeoleul ihae moshaess-eoyo.
►




Why could you not come on time?
왜 정각에 못 왔어요?
wae jeong-gag-e mos wass-eoyo?
►
Why could you not find the way?
왜 길을 못 찾았어요?
wae gil-eul mos chaj-ass-eoyo?
►
Why could you not understand him?
왜 그를 이해 못 했어요?
wae geuleul ihae mos haess-eoyo?
►




I could not come on time because there were no buses.
버스가 없어서 정각에 못 왔어요.
beoseuga eobs-eoseo jeong-gag-e mos wass-eoyo.
►
I could not find the way because I had no city map.
도시 지도가 없어서 길을 못 찾았어요.
dosi jidoga eobs-eoseo gil-eul mos chaj-ass-eoyo.
►
I could not understand him because the music was so loud.
음악이 너무 시끄러워서 그를 이해 못 했어요.
eum-ag-i neomu sikkeuleowoseo geuleul ihae mos haess-eoyo.
►




I had to take a taxi.
저는 택시를 잡아야 했어요.
jeoneun taegsileul jab-aya haess-eoyo.
►
I had to buy a city map.
저는 도시 지도를 사야 했어요.
jeoneun dosi jidoleul saya haess-eoyo.
►
I had to switch off the radio.
저는 라디오를 꺼야 했어요.
jeoneun ladioleul kkeoya haess-eoyo.
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense 3 = 과거형 3  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO085.HTM)

to make a call
전화해요
jeonhwahaeyo
►
I made a call.
저는 전화했어요.
jeoneun jeonhwahaess-eoyo.
►
I was talking on the phone all the time.
저는 계속 전화했어요.
jeoneun gyesog jeonhwahaess-eoyo.
►




to ask
물어봐요
mul-eobwayo
►
I asked.
저는 물어봤어요.
jeoneun mul-eobwass-eoyo.
►
I always asked.
저는 항상 물어봤어요.
jeoneun hangsang mul-eobwass-eoyo.
►




to narrate
얘기해요
yaegihaeyo
►
I narrated.
저는 얘기했어요.
jeoneun yaegihaess-eoyo.
►
I narrated the whole story.
저는 모든 이야기를 얘기했어요.
jeoneun modeun iyagileul yaegihaess-eoyo.
►




to study
공부해요
gongbuhaeyo
►
I studied.
저는 공부했어요.
jeoneun gongbuhaess-eoyo.
►
I studied the whole evening.
저는 저녁 내내 공부했어요.
jeoneun jeonyeog naenae gongbuhaess-eoyo.
►




to work
일해요
ilhaeyo
►
I worked.
저는 일했어요.
jeoneun ilhaess-eoyo.
►
I worked all day long.
저는 하루종일 일했어요.
jeoneun halujong-il ilhaess-eoyo.
►




to eat
먹어요
meog-eoyo
►
I ate.
저는 먹었어요.
jeoneun meog-eoss-eoyo.
►
I ate all the food.
저는 모든 음식을 먹었어요.
jeoneun modeun eumsig-eul meog-eoss-eoyo.
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense 4 = 과거형 4  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO086.HTM)

to read
읽어요
ilg-eoyo
►
I read.
저는 읽었어요.
jeoneun ilg-eoss-eoyo.
►
I read the whole novel.
저는 그 소설을 모두 읽었어요.
jeoneun geu soseol-eul modu ilg-eoss-eoyo.
►




to understand
이해해요
ihaehaeyo
►
I understood.
저는 이해했어요.
jeoneun ihaehaess-eoyo.
►
I understood the whole text.
저는 그 글 전체를 이해했어요.
jeoneun geu geul jeoncheleul ihaehaess-eoyo.
►




to answer
대답해요
daedabhaeyo
►
I answered.
저는 대답했어요.
jeoneun daedabhaess-eoyo.
►
I answered all the questions.
저는 모든 질문을 대답했어요.
jeoneun modeun jilmun-eul daedabhaess-eoyo.
►




I know that – I knew that.
저는 그걸 알아요 – 저는 그걸 알았어요.
jeoneun geugeol al-ayo – jeoneun geugeol al-ass-eoyo.
►
I write that – I wrote that.
저는 그걸 써요 – 저는 그걸 썼어요.
jeoneun geugeol sseoyo – jeoneun geugeol sseoss-eoyo.
►
I hear that – I heard that.
저는 그걸 들어요 – 저는 그걸 들었어요.
jeoneun geugeol deul-eoyo – jeoneun geugeol deul-eoss-eoyo.
►




I’ll get it – I got it.
저는 그걸 가질 거예요 – 저는 그걸 가졌어요.
jeoneun geugeol gajil geoyeyo – jeoneun geugeol gajyeoss-eoyo.
►
I’ll bring that – I brought that.
저는 그걸 가지고 올 거예요 – 저는 그걸 가지고 왔어요.
jeoneun geugeol gajigo ol geoyeyo – jeoneun geugeol gajigo wass-eoyo.
►
I’ll buy that – I bought that.
저는 그걸 살 거예요 – 저는 그걸 샀어요.
jeoneun geugeol sal geoyeyo – jeoneun geugeol sass-eoyo.
►




I expect that – I expected that.
저는 그걸 기대해요 – 저는 그걸 기대했어요.
jeoneun geugeol gidaehaeyo – jeoneun geugeol gidaehaess-eoyo.
►
I’ll explain that – I explained that.
저는 그걸 설명할 거예요 – 저는 그걸 설명했어요.
jeoneun geugeol seolmyeonghal geoyeyo – jeoneun geugeol seolmyeonghaess-eoyo.
►
I know that – I knew that.
저는 그걸 알아요 – 저는 그걸 알았어요.
jeoneun geugeol al-ayo – jeoneun geugeol al-ass-eoyo.
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Questions – Past tense 1 = 질문들 – 과거형 1  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO087.HTM)

How much did you drink?
당신은 얼마나 많이 마셨어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana manh-i masyeoss-eoyo?
►
How much did you work?
당신은 얼마나 많이 일했어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana manh-i ilhaess-eoyo?
►
How much did you write?
당신은 얼마나 많이 썼어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana manh-i sseoss-eoyo?
►




How did you sleep?
당신은 어떻게 잤어요?
dangsin-eun eotteohge jass-eoyo?
►
How did you pass the exam?
당신은 어떻게 시험을 통과했어요?
dangsin-eun eotteohge siheom-eul tong-gwahaess-eoyo?
►
How did you find the way?
당신은 어떻게 길을 찾았어요?
dangsin-eun eotteohge gil-eul chaj-ass-eoyo?
►




Who did you speak to?
당신은 누구와 얘기했어요?
dangsin-eun nuguwa yaegihaess-eoyo?
►
With whom did you make an appointment?
당신은 누구와 약속을 잡았어요?
dangsin-eun nuguwa yagsog-eul jab-ass-eoyo?
►
With whom did you celebrate your birthday?
당신은 누구와 당신의 생일을 축하했어요?
dangsin-eun nuguwa dangsin-ui saeng-il-eul chughahaess-eoyo?
►




Where were you?
당신은 어디에 있었어요?
dangsin-eun eodie iss-eoss-eoyo?
►
Where did you live?
당신은 어디에 살았어요?
dangsin-eun eodie sal-ass-eoyo?
►
Where did you work?
당신은 어디서 일했어요?
dangsin-eun eodiseo ilhaess-eoyo?
►




What did you suggest?
당신은 뭘 제안했어요?
dangsin-eun mwol jeanhaess-eoyo?
►
What did you eat?
당신은 뭘 먹었어요?
dangsin-eun mwol meog-eoss-eoyo?
►
What did you come to know?
당신은 뭘 경험했어요?
dangsin-eun mwol gyeongheomhaess-eoyo?
►




How fast did you drive?
당신은 얼마나 빨리 운전했어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana ppalli unjeonhaess-eoyo?
►
How long did you fly?
당신은 얼마나 오래 날았어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana olae nal-ass-eoyo?
►
How high did you jump?
당신은 얼마나 높이 뛰어올랐어요?
dangsin-eun eolmana nop-i ttwieoollass-eoyo?
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Questions – Past tense 2 = 질문들 – 과거형 2  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO088.HTM)

Which tie did you wear?
당신은 어떤 넥타이를 맸어요?
dangsin-eun eotteon negtaileul maess-eoyo?
►
Which car did you buy?
당신은 어떤 자동차를 샀어요?
dangsin-eun eotteon jadongchaleul sass-eoyo?
►
Which newspaper did you subscribe to?
당신은 어떤 신문을 구독했어요?
dangsin-eun eotteon sinmun-eul gudoghaess-eoyo?
►




Who did you see?
당신은 누구를 봤어요?
dangsin-eun nuguleul bwass-eoyo?
►
Who did you meet?
당신은 누구를 만났어요?
dangsin-eun nuguleul mannass-eoyo?
►
Who did you recognize?
당신은 누구를 알아봤어요?
dangsin-eun nuguleul al-abwass-eoyo?
►




When did you get up?
당신은 언제 일어났어요?
dangsin-eun eonje il-eonass-eoyo?
►
When did you start?
당신은 언제 시작했어요?
dangsin-eun eonje sijaghaess-eoyo?
►
When did you finish?
당신은 언제 끝냈어요?
dangsin-eun eonje kkeutnaess-eoyo?
►




Why did you wake up?
당신은 왜 일어났어요?
dangsin-eun wae il-eonass-eoyo?
►
Why did you become a teacher?
당신은 왜 선생님이 됐어요?
dangsin-eun wae seonsaengnim-i dwaess-eoyo?
►
Why did you take a taxi?
당신은 왜 택시를 탔어요?
dangsin-eun wae taegsileul tass-eoyo?
►




Where did you come from?
당신은 어디서 왔어요?
dangsin-eun eodiseo wass-eoyo?
►
Where did you go?
당신은 어디로 갔어요?
dangsin-eun eodilo gass-eoyo?
►
Where were you?
당신은 어디에 있었어요?
dangsin-eun eodie iss-eoss-eoyo?
►




Who did you help?
당신은 누구를 도와줬어요?
dangsin-eun nuguleul dowajwoss-eoyo?
►
Who did you write to?
당신은 누구한테 편지를 썼어요?
dangsin-eun nuguhante pyeonjileul sseoss-eoyo?
►
Who did you reply to?
당신은 누구한테 답장을 했어요?
dangsin-eun nuguhante dabjang-eul haess-eoyo?
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense of modal verbs 1 = 조동사의 과거형 1  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO089.HTM)

We had to water the flowers.
우리는 꽃에 물을 줘야만 했어요.
ulineun kkoch-e mul-eul jwoyaman haess-eoyo.
►
We had to clean the apartment.
우리는 아파트를 청소해야만 했어요.
ulineun apateuleul cheongsohaeyaman haess-eoyo.
►
We had to wash the dishes.
우리는 설거지를 해야 했어요.
ulineun seolgeojileul haeya haess-eoyo.
►




Did you have to pay the bill?
당신은 청구서를 지불해야 했어요?
dangsin-eun cheong-guseoleul jibulhaeya haess-eoyo?
►
Did you have to pay an entrance fee?
당신은 입장료를 내야 했어요?
dangsin-eun ibjanglyoleul naeya haess-eoyo?
►
Did you have to pay a fine?
당신은 벌금을 내야 했어요?
dangsin-eun beolgeum-eul naeya haess-eoyo?
►




Who had to say goodbye?
누가 이별을 해야 했어요?
nuga ibyeol-eul haeya haess-eoyo?
►
Who had to go home early?
누가 일찍 집에 가야 했어요?
nuga iljjig jib-e gaya haess-eoyo?
►
Who had to take the train?
누가 기차를 타야 했어요?
nuga gichaleul taya haess-eoyo?
►




We did not want to stay long.
우리는 오래 머물고 싶지 않았어요.
ulineun olae meomulgo sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►
We did not want to drink anything.
우리는 아무것도 마시고 싶지 않았어요.
ulineun amugeosdo masigo sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►
We did not want to disturb you.
우리는 당신을 방해하고 싶지 않았어요.
ulineun dangsin-eul banghaehago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►




I just wanted to make a call.
저는 다만 전화하고 싶었어요.
jeoneun daman jeonhwahago sip-eoss-eoyo.
►
I just wanted to call a taxi.
저는 다만 택시를 부르고 싶었어요.
jeoneun daman taegsileul buleugo sip-eoss-eoyo.
►
Actually I wanted to drive home.
사실 저는 집에 가고 싶었어요.
sasil jeoneun jib-e gago sip-eoss-eoyo.
►




I thought you wanted to call your wife.
저는 당신이 당신 아내에게 전화하고 싶은 줄 알았어요.
jeoneun dangsin-i dangsin anaeege jeonhwahago sip-eun jul al-ass-eoyo.
►
I thought you wanted to call information.
저는 당신이 안내소에 전화하고 싶은 줄 알았어요.
jeoneun dangsin-i annaeso-e jeonhwahago sip-eun jul al-ass-eoyo.
►
I thought you wanted to order a pizza.
저는 당신이 피자를 주문하고 싶은 줄 알았어요.
jeoneun dangsin-i pijaleul jumunhago sip-eun jul al-ass-eoyo.
►

⊕ [50languages English US - Korean for beginners  |  Past tense of modal verbs 2 = 조동사의 과거형 2  |](https://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/EM/EMKO/EMKO090.HTM)

My son did not want to play with the doll.
제 아들은 인형놀이를 하고 싶지 않았어요.
je adeul-eun inhyeongnol-ileul hago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►
My daughter did not want to play football / soccer (am.).
제 딸은 축구를 하고 싶지 않았어요.
je ttal-eun chugguleul hago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►
My wife did not want to play chess with me.
제 아내는 저와 체스를 하고 싶지 않았어요.
je anaeneun jeowa cheseuleul hago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►




My children did not want to go for a walk.
제 아이들은 산책하고 싶지 않았어요.
je aideul-eun sanchaeghago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
►
They did not want to tidy the room.
그들은 방을 정리하고 싶지 않았어요.
geudeul-eun bang-eul jeonglihago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
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They did not want to go to bed.
그들은 자러 가고 싶지 않았어요.
geudeul-eun jaleo gago sipji anh-ass-eoyo.
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He was not allowed to eat ice cream.
그는 아이스크림을 먹으면 안 됐어요.
geuneun aiseukeulim-eul meog-eumyeon an dwaess-eoyo.
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He was not allowed to eat chocolate.
그는 초콜렛을 먹으면 안 됐어요.
geuneun chokolles-eul meog-eumyeon an dwaess-eoyo.
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He was not allowed to eat sweets.
그는 사탕을 먹으면 안 됐어요.
geuneun satang-eul meog-eumyeon an dwaess-eoyo.
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I was allowed to make a wish.
저는 소원을 말해도 됐어요.
jeoneun sowon-eul malhaedo dwaess-eoyo.
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I was allowed to buy myself a dress.
저는 제 원피스를 사도 됐어요.
jeoneun je wonpiseuleul sado dwaess-eoyo.
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I was allowed to take a chocolate.
저는 초콜렛을 가져도 됐어요.
jeoneun chokolles-eul gajyeodo dwaess-eoyo.
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Were you allowed to smoke in the airplane?
당신은 비행기에서 담배 피워도 됐어요?
dangsin-eun bihaeng-gieseo dambae piwodo dwaess-eoyo?
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Were you allowed to drink beer in the hospital?
당신은 병원에서 맥주 마셔도 됐어요?
dangsin-eun byeong-won-eseo maegju masyeodo dwaess-eoyo?
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Were you allowed to take the dog into the hotel?
당신은 개를 호텔에 데려가도 됐어요?
dangsin-eun gaeleul hotel-e delyeogado dwaess-eoyo?
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During the holidays the children were allowed to remain outside late.
휴일 동안 아이들은 밖에 오래 있어도 됐어요.
hyuil dong-an aideul-eun bakk-e olae iss-eodo dwaess-eoyo.
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They were allowed to play in the yard for a long time.
그들은 뜰에서 오래 놀아도 됐어요.
geudeul-eun tteul-eseo olae nol-ado dwaess-eoyo.
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They were allowed to stay up late.
그들은 늦게까지 안 자도 됐어요.
geudeul-eun neujgekkaji an jado dwaess-eoyo.





















