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# pywws.WeatherStation

Get data from WH1080/WH3080 compatible weather stations.

Derived from wwsr.c by Michael Pendec (michael.pendec@gmail.com), wwsrdump.c by Svend Skafte (svend@skafte.net), modified by Dave Wells, and other sources.

## Introduction

This is the module that actually talks to the weather station base unit. I don’t have much understanding of USB, so copied a lot from Michael Pendec’s C program wwsr.

The weather station memory has two parts: a “fixed block” of 256 bytes and a circular buffer of 65280 bytes. As each weather reading takes 16 bytes the station can store 4080 readings, or 14 days of 5-minute interval readings. (The 3080 type stations store 20 bytes per reading, so store a maximum of 3264.) As data is read in 32-byte chunks, but each weather reading is 16 or 20 bytes, a small cache is used to reduce USB traffic. The caching behaviour can be over-ridden with the `unbuffered` parameter to `get_data` and `get_raw_data`.

Decoding the data is controlled by the static dictionaries `reading_format`, `lo_fix_format` and `fixed_format`. The keys are names of data items and the values can be an `(offset, type, multiplier)` tuple or another dictionary. So, for example, the reading_format dictionary entry `'rain' : (13, 'us', 0.3)` means that the rain value is an unsigned short (two bytes), 13 bytes from the start of the block, and should be multiplied by 0.3 to get a useful value.

The use of nested dictionaries in the `fixed_format` dictionary allows useful subsets of data to be decoded. For example, to decode the entire block `get_fixed_block` is called with no parameters:

    ws = WeatherStation.weather_station()
    print ws.get_fixed_block()

To get the stored minimum external temperature, `get_fixed_block` is called with a sequence of keys:

    ws = WeatherStation.weather_station()
    print ws.get_fixed_block(['min', 'temp_out', 'val'])

Often there is no requirement to read and decode the entire fixed block, as its first 64 bytes contain the most useful data: the interval between stored readings, the buffer address where the current reading is stored, and the current date & time. The `get_lo_fix_block` method provides easy access to these.

For more examples of using the WeatherStation module, see the TestWeatherStation program.

## Detailed API

Functions

`apparent_temp`(temp, rh, wind) | Compute apparent temperature (real feel), using formula from
`dew_point`(temp, hum) | Compute dew point, using formula from
`get_wind_dir_text`() | Return an array to convert wind direction integer to a string.
`pressure_trend_text`(trend) | Convert pressure trend to a string, as used by the UK met
`wind_chill`(temp, wind) | Compute wind chill, using formula from

Classes

`CUSBDrive`(library) | Low level interface to weather station via USB.
`weather_station`([ws_type, library, params]) | Class that represents the weather station to user program.

`pywws.WeatherStation.``dew_point`(temp, hum)

  Compute dew point, using formula from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point.

`pywws.WeatherStation.``wind_chill`(temp, wind)

  Compute wind chill, using formula from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wind_chill

`pywws.WeatherStation.``apparent_temp`(temp, rh, wind)

  Compute apparent temperature (real feel), using formula from http://www.bom.gov.au/info/thermal_stress/

`pywws.WeatherStation.``get_wind_dir_text`()

  Return an array to convert wind direction integer to a string.

`pywws.WeatherStation.``pressure_trend_text`(trend)

  Convert pressure trend to a string, as used by the UK met office.

class `pywws.WeatherStation.``CUSBDrive`(library)

  Low level interface to weather station via USB.

  Loosely modeled on a C++ class obtained from http://site.ambientweatherstore.com/easyweather/ws_1080_2080_protocol.zip. I don’t know the provenance of this, but it looks as if it may have come from the manufacturer.

  `EndMark` = 32
  `ReadCommand` = 161
  `WriteCommand` = 160
  `WriteCommandWord` = 162
  `read_block`(address)

    Read 32 bytes from the weather station.

    If the read fails for any reason, `None` is returned.

    Parameters: | address (int) – address to read from.
    Returns: | the data from the weather station.
    Return type: | list(int)

  `write_byte`(address, data)

    Write a single byte to the weather station.

    Parameters: | address (int) – address to write to. data (int) – the value to write.
    Returns: | success status.
    Return type: | bool

class `pywws.WeatherStation.``weather_station`(ws_type='1080', library='auto', params=None)

  Class that represents the weather station to user program.

  Connect to weather station and prepare to read data.

  `avoid` = 3.0
  `min_pause` = 0.5
  `live_data`(logged_only=False)
  `inc_ptr`(ptr)

    Get next circular buffer data pointer.

  `dec_ptr`(ptr)

    Get previous circular buffer data pointer.

  `get_raw_data`(ptr, unbuffered=False)

    Get raw data from circular buffer.

    If unbuffered is false then a cached value that was obtained earlier may be returned.

  `get_data`(ptr, unbuffered=False)

    Get decoded data from circular buffer.

    If unbuffered is false then a cached value that was obtained earlier may be returned.

  `current_pos`()

    Get circular buffer location where current data is being written.

  `get_raw_fixed_block`(unbuffered=False)

    Get the raw “fixed block” of settings and min/max data.

  `get_fixed_block`(keys=[], unbuffered=False)

    Get the decoded “fixed block” of settings and min/max data.

    A subset of the entire block can be selected by keys.

  `write_data`(data)

    Write a set of single bytes to the weather station. Data must be an array of (ptr, value) pairs.

  `reading_format` = {'3080': {'status': (15, 'pb', None), 'hum_out': (4, 'ub', None), 'wind_gust': (10, 'wg', 0.1), 'uv': (19, 'ub', None), 'wind_ave': (9, 'wa', 0.1), 'rain': (13, 'us', 0.3), 'temp_in': (2, 'ss', 0.1), 'illuminance': (16, 'u3', 0.1), 'abs_pressure': (7, 'us', 0.1), 'delay': (0, 'ub', None), 'hum_in': (1, 'ub', None), 'temp_out': (5, 'ss', 0.1), 'wind_dir': (12, 'ub', None)}, '1080': {'status': (15, 'pb', None), 'wind_ave': (9, 'wa', 0.1), 'rain': (13, 'us', 0.3), 'hum_in': (1, 'ub', None), 'temp_out': (5, 'ss', 0.1), 'wind_dir': (12, 'ub', None), 'hum_out': (4, 'ub', None), 'wind_gust': (10, 'wg', 0.1), 'temp_in': (2, 'ss', 0.1), 'delay': (0, 'ub', None), 'abs_pressure': (7, 'us', 0.1)}}
  `lo_fix_format` = {'alarm_1': (21, 'bf', ('bit0', 'time', 'wind_dir', 'bit3', 'hum_in_lo', 'hum_in_hi', 'hum_out_lo', 'hum_out_hi')), 'alarm_3': (23, 'bf', ('temp_in_lo', 'temp_in_hi', 'temp_out_lo', 'temp_out_hi', 'wind_chill_lo', 'wind_chill_hi', 'dew_point_lo', 'dew_point_hi')), 'alarm_2': (22, 'bf', ('wind_ave', 'wind_gust', 'rain_hour', 'rain_day', 'pressure_abs_lo', 'pressure_abs_hi', 'pressure_rel_lo', 'pressure_rel_hi')), 'data_changed': (26, 'ub', None), 'settings_1': (17, 'bf', ('temp_in_F', 'temp_out_F', 'rain_in', 'bit3', 'bit4', 'pressure_hPa', 'pressure_inHg', 'pressure_mmHg')), 'settings_2': (18, 'bf', ('wind_mps', 'wind_kmph', 'wind_knot', 'wind_mph', 'wind_bft', 'bit5', 'bit6', 'bit7')), 'read_period': (16, 'ub', None), 'unknown_01': (25, 'pb', None), 'timezone': (24, 'sb', None), 'data_count': (27, 'us', None), 'current_pos': (30, 'us', None), 'display_2': (20, 'bf', ('temp_out_temp', 'temp_out_chill', 'temp_out_dew', 'rain_hour', 'rain_day', 'rain_week', 'rain_month', 'rain_total')), 'display_3': (29, 'bf', ('illuminance_fc', 'bit1', 'bit2', 'bit3', 'bit4', 'bit5', 'bit6', 'bit7')), 'display_1': (19, 'bf', ('pressure_rel', 'wind_gust', 'clock_12hr', 'date_mdy', 'time_scale_24', 'show_year', 'show_day_name', 'alarm_time'))}
  `fixed_format` = {'alarm_1': (21, 'bf', ('bit0', 'time', 'wind_dir', 'bit3', 'hum_in_lo', 'hum_in_hi', 'hum_out_lo', 'hum_out_hi')), 'alarm_3': (23, 'bf', ('temp_in_lo', 'temp_in_hi', 'temp_out_lo', 'temp_out_hi', 'wind_chill_lo', 'wind_chill_hi', 'dew_point_lo', 'dew_point_hi')), 'alarm_2': (22, 'bf', ('wind_ave', 'wind_gust', 'rain_hour', 'rain_day', 'pressure_abs_lo', 'pressure_abs_hi', 'pressure_rel_lo', 'pressure_rel_hi')), 'data_changed': (26, 'ub', None), 'max': {'windchill': {'date': (181, 'dt', None), 'val': (110, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'dewpoint': {'date': (191, 'dt', None), 'val': (114, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'wind_ave': {'date': (221, 'dt', None), 'val': (126, 'us', 0.1)}, 'rain': {'week': {'date': (241, 'dt', None), 'val': (134, 'us', 0.3)}, 'total': {'date': (251, 'dt', None), 'val': (138, 'us', 0.3)}, 'day': {'date': (236, 'dt', None), 'val': (132, 'us', 0.3)}, 'hour': {'date': (231, 'dt', None), 'val': (130, 'us', 0.3)}, 'month': {'date': (246, 'dt', None), 'val': (136, 'us', 0.3)}}, 'rel_pressure': {'date': (211, 'dt', None), 'val': (122, 'us', 0.1)}, 'hum_in': {'date': (141, 'dt', None), 'val': (98, 'ub', None)}, 'temp_out': {'date': (171, 'dt', None), 'val': (106, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'hum_out': {'date': (151, 'dt', None), 'val': (100, 'ub', None)}, 'wind_gust': {'date': (226, 'dt', None), 'val': (128, 'us', 0.1)}, 'uv': {'val': (93, 'ub', None)}, 'temp_in': {'date': (161, 'dt', None), 'val': (102, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'illuminance': {'val': (94, 'u3', 0.1)}, 'abs_pressure': {'date': (201, 'dt', None), 'val': (118, 'us', 0.1)}}, 'settings_1': (17, 'bf', ('temp_in_F', 'temp_out_F', 'rain_in', 'bit3', 'bit4', 'pressure_hPa', 'pressure_inHg', 'pressure_mmHg')), 'settings_2': (18, 'bf', ('wind_mps', 'wind_kmph', 'wind_knot', 'wind_mph', 'wind_bft', 'bit5', 'bit6', 'bit7')), 'read_period': (16, 'ub', None), 'rel_pressure': (32, 'us', 0.1), 'unknown_01': (25, 'pb', None), 'unknown_18': (97, 'pb', None), 'timezone': (24, 'sb', None), 'display_1': (19, 'bf', ('pressure_rel', 'wind_gust', 'clock_12hr', 'date_mdy', 'time_scale_24', 'show_year', 'show_day_name', 'alarm_time')), 'date_time': (43, 'dt', None), 'data_count': (27, 'us', None), 'min': {'hum_out': {'date': (156, 'dt', None), 'val': (101, 'ub', None)}, 'dewpoint': {'date': (196, 'dt', None), 'val': (116, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'abs_pressure': {'date': (206, 'dt', None), 'val': (120, 'us', 0.1)}, 'windchill': {'date': (186, 'dt', None), 'val': (112, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'hum_in': {'date': (146, 'dt', None), 'val': (99, 'ub', None)}, 'temp_out': {'date': (176, 'dt', None), 'val': (108, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'rel_pressure': {'date': (216, 'dt', None), 'val': (124, 'us', 0.1)}, 'temp_in': {'date': (166, 'dt', None), 'val': (104, 'ss', 0.1)}}, 'display_2': (20, 'bf', ('temp_out_temp', 'temp_out_chill', 'temp_out_dew', 'rain_hour', 'rain_day', 'rain_week', 'rain_month', 'rain_total')), 'display_3': (29, 'bf', ('illuminance_fc', 'bit1', 'bit2', 'bit3', 'bit4', 'bit5', 'bit6', 'bit7')), 'alarm': {'windchill': {'lo': (62, 'ss', 0.1), 'hi': (60, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'dewpoint': {'lo': (66, 'ss', 0.1), 'hi': (64, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'wind_ave': {'ms': (77, 'ub', 0.1), 'bft': (76, 'ub', None)}, 'rain': {'day': (85, 'us', 0.3), 'hour': (83, 'us', 0.3)}, 'rel_pressure': {'lo': (74, 'us', 0.1), 'hi': (72, 'us', 0.1)}, 'hum_in': {'lo': (49, 'ub', None), 'hi': (48, 'ub', None)}, 'temp_out': {'lo': (58, 'ss', 0.1), 'hi': (56, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'wind_dir': (82, 'ub', None), 'hum_out': {'lo': (55, 'ub', None), 'hi': (54, 'ub', None)}, 'wind_gust': {'ms': (80, 'ub', 0.1), 'bft': (79, 'ub', None)}, 'uv': (92, 'ub', None), 'temp_in': {'lo': (52, 'ss', 0.1), 'hi': (50, 'ss', 0.1)}, 'illuminance': (89, 'u3', 0.1), 'abs_pressure': {'lo': (70, 'us', 0.1), 'hi': (68, 'us', 0.1)}, 'time': (87, 'tt', None)}, 'current_pos': (30, 'us', None), 'lux_wm2_coeff': (36, 'us', 0.1), 'abs_pressure': (34, 'us', 0.1)}
  `data_start` = 256
  `reading_len` = {'3080': 20, '1080': 16}

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