A.1 Source text
A.1.1 Library source text
library_text ::= { library_description } library_description ::= library_declaration
| include_statement
| config_declaration
| ; library_declaration ::= library library_identifier file_path_spec { , file_path_spec }
[ -incdir file_path_spec { , file_path_spec } ] ; include_statement ::= include file_path_spec ;
A.1.2 SystemVerilog source text
source_text ::= [ timeunits_declaration ] { description } description ::= module_declaration
| udp_declaration
| interface_declaration
| program_declaration
| package_declaration
| { attribute_instance } package_item
| { attribute_instance } bind_directive
| config_declaration module_nonansi_header ::=
{ attribute_instance } module_keyword [ lifetime ] module_identifier
{ package_import_declaration } [ parameter_port_list ] list_of_ports ; module_ansi_header ::=
{ attribute_instance } module_keyword [ lifetime ] module_identifier
{ package_import_declaration }1 [ parameter_port_list ] [ list_of_port_declarations ] ; module_declaration ::= module_nonansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { module_item } endmodule [ : module_identifier ]
| module_ansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { non_port_module_item } endmodule [ : module_identifier ]
| { attribute_instance } module_keyword [ lifetime ] module_identifier ( .* ) ;
[ timeunits_declaration ] { module_item } endmodule [ : module_identifier ]
| extern module_nonansi_header
| extern module_ansi_header module_keyword ::= module | macromodule interface_declaration ::= interface_nonansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { interface_item } endinterface [ : interface_identifier ]
| interface_ansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { non_port_interface_item } endinterface [ : interface_identifier ]
| { attribute_instance } interface interface_identifier ( .* ) ;
[ timeunits_declaration ] { interface_item } endinterface [ : interface_identifier ]
| extern interface_nonansi_header
| extern interface_ansi_header interface_nonansi_header ::=
{ attribute_instance } interface [ lifetime ] interface_identifier
{ package_import_declaration } [ parameter_port_list ] list_of_ports ; interface_ansi_header ::=
{attribute_instance } interface [ lifetime ] interface_identifier
{ package_import_declaration }1 [ parameter_port_list ] [ list_of_port_declarations ] ; program_declaration ::= program_nonansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { program_item } endprogram [ : program_identifier ]
| program_ansi_header [ timeunits_declaration ] { non_port_program_item } endprogram [ : program_identifier ]
| { attribute_instance } program program_identifier ( .* ) ;
[ timeunits_declaration ] { program_item } endprogram [ : program_identifier ]
| extern program_nonansi_header
| extern program_ansi_header program_nonansi_header ::=
{ attribute_instance } program [ lifetime ] program_identifier
{ package_import_declaration } [ parameter_port_list ] list_of_ports ; program_ansi_header ::=
{attribute_instance } program [ lifetime ] program_identifier
{ package_import_declaration }1 [ parameter_port_list ] [ list_of_port_declarations ] ; checker_declaration ::= checker checker_identifier [ ( [ checker_port_list ] ) ] ;
{ { attribute_instance } checker_or_generate_item } endchecker [ : checker_identifier ]
class_declaration ::=
[ virtual ] class [ lifetime ] class_identifier [ parameter_port_list ]
[ extends class_type [ ( list_of_arguments ) ] ]
[ implements interface_class_type { , interface_class_type } ] ;
{ class_item } endclass [ : class_identifier]
interface_class_type ::= ps_class_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] interface_class_declaration ::= interface class class_identifier [ parameter_port_list ]
[ extends interface_class_type { , interface_class_type } ] ;
{ interface_class_item } endclass [ : class_identifier]
interface_class_item ::= type_declaration
| { attribute_instance } interface_class_method
| local_parameter_declaration ;
| parameter_declaration7 ;
| ; interface_class_method ::= pure virtual method_prototype ;
package_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } package [ lifetime ] package_identifier ;
[ timeunits_declaration ] { { attribute_instance } package_item } endpackage [ : package_identifier ]
timeunits_declaration ::= timeunit time_literal [ / time_literal ] ;
| timeprecision time_literal ;
| timeunit time_literal ; timeprecision time_literal ;
| timeprecision time_literal ; timeunit time_literal ;
A.1.3 Module parameters and ports
parameter_port_list ::=
# ( list_of_param_assignments { , parameter_port_declaration } )
| # ( parameter_port_declaration { , parameter_port_declaration } )
| #( )
parameter_port_declaration ::= parameter_declaration
| local_parameter_declaration
| data_type list_of_param_assignments
| type list_of_type_assignments list_of_ports ::= ( port { , port } ) list_of_port_declarations2 ::=
( [ { attribute_instance} ansi_port_declaration { , { attribute_instance} ansi_port_declaration } ] ) port_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } inout_declaration | { attribute_instance } input_declaration
| { attribute_instance } output_declaration
| { attribute_instance } ref_declaration
| { attribute_instance } interface_port_declaration port ::=
[ port_expression ]
| . port_identifier ( [ port_expression ] ) port_expression ::= port_reference
| { port_reference { , port_reference } } port_reference ::= port_identifier constant_select
port_direction ::= input | output | inout | ref net_port_header ::= [ port_direction ] net_port_type variable_port_header ::= [ port_direction ] variable_port_type interface_port_header ::= interface_identifier [ . modport_identifier ]
| interface [ . modport_identifier ] ansi_port_declaration ::=
[ net_port_header | interface_port_header ] port_identifier { unpacked_dimension } [ = constant_expression ]
| [ variable_port_header ] port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = constant_expression ]
| [ port_direction ] . port_identifier ( [ expression ] )
A.1.4 Module items
elaboration_system_task ::=
$fatal [ ( finish_number [, list_of_arguments ] ) ] ;
| $error [ ( [ list_of_arguments ] ) ] ;
| $warning [ ( [ list_of_arguments ] ) ] ;
| $info [ ( [ list_of_arguments ] ) ] ; finish_number ::= 0 | 1 | 2 module_common_item ::= module_or_generate_item_declaration
| interface_instantiation
| program_instantiation
| assertion_item
| bind_directive
| continuous_assign
| net_alias
| initial_construct
| final_construct
| always_construct
| loop_generate_construct
| conditional_generate_construct
| elaboration_system_task module_item ::= port_declaration ;
| non_port_module_item module_or_generate_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } parameter_override
| { attribute_instance } gate_instantiation
| { attribute_instance } udp_instantiation
| { attribute_instance } module_instantiation
| { attribute_instance } module_common_item module_or_generate_item_declaration ::= package_or_generate_item_declaration
| genvar_declaration
| clocking_declaration
| default clocking clocking_identifier ;
| default disable iff expression_or_dist ; non_port_module_item ::= generate_region
| module_or_generate_item
| specify_block
| { attribute_instance } specparam_declaration
| program_declaration
| module_declaration
| interface_declaration
| timeunits_declaration3 parameter_override ::= defparam list_of_defparam_assignments ; bind_directive4 ::= bind bind_target_scope [: bind_target_instance_list] bind_instantiation ;
| bind bind_target_instance bind_instantiation ; bind_target_scope ::= module_identifier
| interface_identifier bind_target_instance ::= hierarchical_identifier constant_bit_select
bind_target_instance_list ::= bind_target_instance { , bind_target_instance }
bind_instantiation ::= program_instantiation
| module_instantiation
| interface_instantiation
| checker_instantiation
A.1.5 Configuration source text
config_declaration ::= config config_identifier ; { local_parameter_declaration ; } design_statement
{ config_rule_statement } endconfig [ : config_identifier ]
design_statement ::= design { [ library_identifier . ] cell_identifier } ; config_rule_statement ::= default_clause liblist_clause ;
| inst_clause liblist_clause ;
| inst_clause use_clause ;
| cell_clause liblist_clause ;
| cell_clause use_clause ; default_clause ::= default inst_clause ::= instance inst_name inst_name ::= topmodule_identifier { . instance_identifier } cell_clause ::= cell [ library_identifier . ] cell_identifier liblist_clause ::= liblist {library_identifier} use_clause ::= use [ library_identifier . ] cell_identifier [ : config ]
| use named_parameter_assignment { , named_parameter_assignment } [ : config ]
| use [ library_identifier . ] cell_identifier named_parameter_assignment
{ , named_parameter_assignment } [ : config ]
A.1.6 Interface items
interface_or_generate_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } module_common_item
| { attribute_instance } extern_tf_declaration extern_tf_declaration ::= extern method_prototype ;
| extern forkjoin task_prototype ; interface_item ::= port_declaration ;
| non_port_interface_item non_port_interface_item ::= generate_region
| interface_or_generate_item
| program_declaration
| modport_declaration
| interface_declaration
| timeunits_declaration3
A.1.7 Program items
program_item ::= port_declaration ;
| non_port_program_item non_port_program_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } continuous_assign
| { attribute_instance } module_or_generate_item_declaration
| { attribute_instance } initial_construct
| { attribute_instance } final_construct
| { attribute_instance } concurrent_assertion_item
| timeunits_declaration3
| program_generate_item
program_generate_item5 ::= loop_generate_construct
| conditional_generate_construct
| generate_region
| elaboration_system_task
A.1.8 Checker items
checker_port_list ::= checker_port_item {, checker_port_item}
checker_port_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } [ checker_port_direction ] property_formal_type formal_port_identifier
{variable_dimension} [ = property_actual_arg ] checker_port_direction ::= input | output
checker_or_generate_item ::= checker_or_generate_item_declaration
| initial_construct
| always_construct
| final_construct
| assertion_item
| continuous_assign
| checker_generate_item checker_or_generate_item_declaration ::=
[ rand ] data_declaration
| function_declaration
| checker_declaration
| assertion_item_declaration
| covergroup_declaration
| genvar_declaration
| clocking_declaration
| default clocking clocking_identifier ;
| default disable iff expression_or_dist ;
| ; checker_generate_item6 ::= loop_generate_construct
| conditional_generate_construct
| generate_region
| elaboration_system_task
A.1.9 Class items
class_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } class_property
| { attribute_instance } class_method
| { attribute_instance } class_constraint
| { attribute_instance } class_declaration
| { attribute_instance } covergroup_declaration
| local_parameter_declaration ;
| parameter_declaration7 ;
| ; class_property ::=
{ property_qualifier } data_declaration
| const { class_item_qualifier } data_type const_identifier [ = constant_expression ] ; class_method ::=
{ method_qualifier } task_declaration
| { method_qualifier } function_declaration
| pure virtual { class_item_qualifier } method_prototype ;
| extern { method_qualifier } method_prototype ;
| { method_qualifier } class_constructor_declaration
| extern { method_qualifier } class_constructor_prototype class_constructor_prototype ::= function new [ ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ] ;
class_constraint ::= constraint_prototype
| constraint_declaration
class_item_qualifier8 ::= static
| protected
| local
property_qualifier8 ::= random_qualifier
| class_item_qualifier
random_qualifier8 ::= rand
| randc
method_qualifier8 ::=
[ pure ] virtual
| class_item_qualifier method_prototype ::= task_prototype
| function_prototype class_constructor_declaration ::= function [ class_scope ] new [ ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ] ;
{ block_item_declaration }
[ super . new [ ( list_of_arguments ) ] ; ]
{ function_statement_or_null } endfunction [ : new ]
A.1.10 Constraints
constraint_declaration ::= [ static ] constraint constraint_identifier constraint_block constraint_block ::= { { constraint_block_item } } constraint_block_item ::= solve solve_before_list before solve_before_list ;
| constraint_expression solve_before_list ::= constraint_primary { , constraint_primary } constraint_primary ::= [ implicit_class_handle . | class_scope ] hierarchical_identifier select constraint_expression ::=
[ soft ] expression_or_dist ;
| uniqueness_constraint ;
| expression –> constraint_set
| if ( expression ) constraint_set [ else constraint_set ]
| foreach ( ps_or_hierarchical_array_identifier [ loop_variables ] ) constraint_set
| disable soft constraint_primary ; uniqueness_constraint ::= unique { open_range_list9 }
constraint_set ::= constraint_expression
| { { constraint_expression } } dist_list ::= dist_item { , dist_item } dist_item ::= value_range [ dist_weight ] dist_weight ::=
:= expression
| :/ expression constraint_prototype ::= [constraint_prototype_qualifier] [ static ] constraint constraint_identifier ; constraint_prototype_qualifier ::= extern | pure extern_constraint_declaration ::=
[ static ] constraint class_scope constraint_identifier constraint_block identifier_list ::= identifier { , identifier }
A.1.11 Package items
package_item ::= package_or_generate_item_declaration
| anonymous_program
| package_export_declaration
| timeunits_declaration3 package_or_generate_item_declaration ::= net_declaration
| data_declaration
| task_declaration
| function_declaration
| checker_declaration
| dpi_import_export
| extern_constraint_declaration | class_declaration
| class_constructor_declaration
| local_parameter_declaration ;
| parameter_declaration ;
| covergroup_declaration
| assertion_item_declaration
| ; anonymous_program ::= program ; { anonymous_program_item } endprogram anonymous_program_item ::= task_declaration
| function_declaration
| class_declaration
| covergroup_declaration
| class_constructor_declaration
| ;
A.2 Declarations
A.2.1 Declaration types
A.2.1.1 Module parameter declarations
local_parameter_declaration ::= localparam data_type_or_implicit list_of_param_assignments
| localparam type list_of_type_assignments parameter_declaration ::= parameter data_type_or_implicit list_of_param_assignments
| parameter type list_of_type_assignments specparam_declaration ::= specparam [ packed_dimension ] list_of_specparam_assignments ;
A.2.1.2 Port declarations
inout_declaration ::= inout net_port_type list_of_port_identifiers
input_declaration ::= input net_port_type list_of_port_identifiers
| input variable_port_type list_of_variable_identifiers output_declaration ::= output net_port_type list_of_port_identifiers
| output variable_port_type list_of_variable_port_identifiers interface_port_declaration ::= interface_identifier list_of_interface_identifiers
| interface_identifier . modport_identifier list_of_interface_identifiers ref_declaration ::= ref variable_port_type list_of_variable_identifiers
A.2.1.3 Type declarations
data_declaration ::=
[ const ] [ var ] [ lifetime ] data_type_or_implicit list_of_variable_decl_assignments ;10
| type_declaration
| package_import_declaration11
| net_type_declaration package_import_declaration ::= import package_import_item { , package_import_item } ;
package_import_item ::= package_identifier :: identifier
| package_identifier :: * package_export_declaration ::= export *::* ;
| export package_import_item { , package_import_item } ; genvar_declaration ::= genvar list_of_genvar_identifiers ; net_declaration12 ::= net_type [ drive_strength | charge_strength ] [ vectored | scalared ] data_type_or_implicit [ delay3 ] list_of_net_decl_assignments ;
| net_type_identifier [ delay_control ] list_of_net_decl_assignments ;
| interconnect implicit_data_type [ # delay_value ]
net_identifier { unpacked_dimension }
[ , net_identifier { unpacked_dimension }] ; type_declaration ::= typedef data_type type_identifier { variable_dimension } ;
| typedef interface_instance_identifier constant_bit_select . type_identifier type_identifier ;
| typedef [ enum | struct | union | class | interface class ] type_identifier ; net_type_declaration ::= nettype data_type net_type_identifier
[ with [ package_scope | class_scope ] tf_identifier ] ;
| nettype [ package_scope | class_scope ] net_type_identifier net_type_identifier ; lifetime ::= static | automatic
A.2.2 Declaration data types
A.2.2.1 Net and variable types
casting_type ::= simple_type | constant_primary | signing | string | const data_type ::= integer_vector_type [ signing ] { packed_dimension }
| integer_atom_type [ signing ]
| non_integer_type
| struct_union [ packed [ signing ] ] { struct_union_member { struct_union_member } }
{ packed_dimension }13
| enum [ enum_base_type ] { enum_name_declaration { , enum_name_declaration } } { packed_dimension }
| string
| chandle
| virtual [ interface ] interface_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] [ . modport_identifier ] | [ class_scope | package_scope ] type_identifier { packed_dimension }
| class_type
| event
| ps_covergroup_identifier
| type_reference14 data_type_or_implicit ::= data_type
| implicit_data_type implicit_data_type ::= [ signing ] { packed_dimension }
enum_base_type ::= integer_atom_type [ signing ]
| integer_vector_type [ signing ] [ packed_dimension ]
| type_identifier [ packed_dimension ]15 enum_name_declaration ::= enum_identifier [ [ integral_number [ : integral_number ] ] ] [ = constant_expression ]
class_scope ::= class_type ::
class_type ::= ps_class_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ]
{ :: class_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] } integer_type ::= integer_vector_type | integer_atom_type
integer_atom_type ::= byte | shortint | int | longint | integer | time integer_vector_type ::= bit | logic | reg
non_integer_type ::= shortreal | real | realtime net_type ::= supply0 | supply1 | tri | triand | trior | trireg| tri0 | tri1 | uwire| wire | wand | wor net_port_type ::=
[ net_type ] data_type_or_implicit
| net_type_identifier
| interconnect implicit_data_type variable_port_type ::= var_data_type var_data_type ::= data_type | var data_type_or_implicit signing ::= signed | unsigned simple_type ::= integer_type | non_integer_type | ps_type_identifier | ps_parameter_identifier
struct_union_member16 ::=
{ attribute_instance } [random_qualifier] data_type_or_void list_of_variable_decl_assignments ; data_type_or_void ::= data_type | void struct_union ::= struct | union [ tagged ] type_reference ::= type ( expression17 )
| type ( data_type )
A.2.2.2 Strengths
drive_strength ::=
( strength0 , strength1 ) | ( strength1 , strength0 )
| ( strength0 , highz1 )
| ( strength1 , highz0 )
| ( highz0 , strength1 )
| ( highz1 , strength0 ) strength0 ::= supply0 | strong0 | pull0 | weak0 strength1 ::= supply1 | strong1 | pull1 | weak1 charge_strength ::= ( small ) | ( medium ) | ( large )
A.2.2.3 Delays
delay3 ::= # delay_value | # ( mintypmax_expression [ , mintypmax_expression [ , mintypmax_expression ] ] )
delay2 ::= # delay_value | # ( mintypmax_expression [ , mintypmax_expression ] ) delay_value ::= unsigned_number
| real_number | ps_identifier
| time_literal
| 1step
A.2.3 Declaration lists
list_of_defparam_assignments ::= defparam_assignment { , defparam_assignment } list_of_genvar_identifiers ::= genvar_identifier { , genvar_identifier } list_of_interface_identifiers ::= interface_identifier { unpacked_dimension }
{ , interface_identifier { unpacked_dimension } } list_of_net_decl_assignments ::= net_decl_assignment { , net_decl_assignment } list_of_param_assignments ::= param_assignment { , param_assignment } list_of_port_identifiers ::= port_identifier { unpacked_dimension }
{ , port_identifier { unpacked_dimension } } list_of_udp_port_identifiers ::= port_identifier { , port_identifier } list_of_specparam_assignments ::= specparam_assignment { , specparam_assignment } list_of_tf_variable_identifiers ::= port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = expression ]
{ , port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = expression ] } list_of_type_assignments ::= type_assignment { , type_assignment } list_of_variable_decl_assignments ::= variable_decl_assignment { , variable_decl_assignment } list_of_variable_identifiers ::= variable_identifier { variable_dimension }
{ , variable_identifier { variable_dimension } } list_of_variable_port_identifiers ::= port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = constant_expression ]
{ , port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = constant_expression ] }
A.2.4 Declaration assignments
defparam_assignment ::= hierarchical_parameter_identifier = constant_mintypmax_expression net_decl_assignment ::= net_identifier { unpacked_dimension } [ = expression ] param_assignment ::= parameter_identifier { unpacked_dimension } [ = constant_param_expression ]18
specparam_assignment ::= specparam_identifier = constant_mintypmax_expression
| pulse_control_specparam type_assignment ::= type_identifier [ = data_type ]18
pulse_control_specparam ::=
PATHPULSE$ = ( reject_limit_value [ , error_limit_value ] )
| PATHPULSE$specify_input_terminal_descriptor$specify_output_terminal_descriptor
= ( reject_limit_value [ , error_limit_value ] ) error_limit_value ::= limit_value reject_limit_value ::= limit_value limit_value ::= constant_mintypmax_expression variable_decl_assignment ::= variable_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = expression ]
| dynamic_array_variable_identifier unsized_dimension { variable_dimension } [ = dynamic_array_new ]
| class_variable_identifier [ = class_new ] class_new19 ::=
[ class_scope ] new [ ( list_of_arguments ) ]
| new expression dynamic_array_new ::= new [ expression ] [ ( expression ) ]
A.2.5 Declaration ranges
unpacked_dimension ::=
[ constant_range ]
| [ constant_expression ]
packed_dimension20 ::=
[ constant_range ]
| unsized_dimension associative_dimension ::=
[ data_type ]
| [ * ]
variable_dimension ::= unsized_dimension
| unpacked_dimension
| associative_dimension
| queue_dimension queue_dimension ::= [ $ [ : constant_expression ] ] unsized_dimension ::= [ ]
A.2.6 Function declarations
function_data_type_or_implicit ::= data_type_or_void
| implicit_data_type function_declaration ::= function [ lifetime ] function_body_declaration function_body_declaration ::= function_data_type_or_implicit
[ interface_identifier . | class_scope ] function_identifier ;
{ tf_item_declaration } { function_statement_or_null } endfunction [ : function_identifier ]
| function_data_type_or_implicit
[ interface_identifier . | class_scope ] function_identifier ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ;
{ block_item_declaration } { function_statement_or_null } endfunction [ : function_identifier ]
function_prototype ::= function data_type_or_void function_identifier [ ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ] dpi_import_export ::= import dpi_spec_string [ dpi_function_import_property ] [ c_identifier = ] dpi_function_proto ;
| import dpi_spec_string [ dpi_task_import_property ] [ c_identifier = ] dpi_task_proto ;
| export dpi_spec_string [ c_identifier = ] function function_identifier ;
| export dpi_spec_string [ c_identifier = ] task task_identifier ; dpi_spec_string ::= "DPI-C" | "DPI" dpi_function_import_property ::= context | pure dpi_task_import_property ::= context dpi_function_proto21,22 ::= function_prototype dpi_task_proto22 ::= task_prototype
A.2.7 Task declarations
task_declaration ::= task [ lifetime ] task_body_declaration task_body_declaration ::=
[ interface_identifier . | class_scope ] task_identifier ;
{ tf_item_declaration } { statement_or_null } endtask [ : task_identifier ]
| [ interface_identifier . | class_scope ] task_identifier ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ;
{ block_item_declaration } { statement_or_null } endtask [ : task_identifier ]
tf_item_declaration ::= block_item_declaration
| tf_port_declaration tf_port_list ::= tf_port_item { , tf_port_item }
tf_port_item23 ::=
{ attribute_instance }
[ tf_port_direction ] [ var ] data_type_or_implicit
[ port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = expression ] ] tf_port_direction ::= port_direction | const ref tf_port_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } tf_port_direction [ var ] data_type_or_implicit list_of_tf_variable_identifiers ; task_prototype ::= task task_identifier [ ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ]
A.2.8 Block item declarations
block_item_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } data_declaration
| { attribute_instance } local_parameter_declaration ;
| { attribute_instance } parameter_declaration ;
| { attribute_instance } let_declaration
A.2.9 Interface declarations
modport_declaration ::= modport modport_item { , modport_item } ; modport_item ::= modport_identifier ( modport_ports_declaration { , modport_ports_declaration } ) modport_ports_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } modport_simple_ports_declaration
| { attribute_instance } modport_tf_ports_declaration
| { attribute_instance } modport_clocking_declaration modport_clocking_declaration ::= clocking clocking_identifier modport_simple_ports_declaration ::= port_direction modport_simple_port { , modport_simple_port }
modport_simple_port ::= port_identifier
| . port_identifier ( [ expression ] ) modport_tf_ports_declaration ::= import_export modport_tf_port { , modport_tf_port }
modport_tf_port ::= method_prototype
| tf_identifier import_export ::= import | export
A.2.10 Assertion declarations
concurrent_assertion_item ::=
[ block_identifier : ] concurrent_assertion_statement
| checker_instantiation concurrent_assertion_statement ::= assert_property_statement
| assume_property_statement
| cover_property_statement
| cover_sequence_statement
| restrict_property_statement assert_property_statement::= assert property ( property_spec ) action_block
assume_property_statement::= assume property ( property_spec ) action_block
cover_property_statement::= cover property ( property_spec ) statement_or_null
expect_property_statement ::= expect ( property_spec ) action_block
cover_sequence_statement::= cover sequence ( [clocking_event ] [ disable iff ( expression_or_dist ) ] sequence_expr ) statement_or_null
restrict_property_statement::= restrict property ( property_spec ) ;
property_instance ::=  ps_or_hierarchical_property_identifier [ ( [ property_list_of_arguments ] ) ]
property_list_of_arguments ::=
[property_actual_arg] { , [property_actual_arg] } { , . identifier ( [property_actual_arg] ) }
| . identifier ( [property_actual_arg] ) { , . identifier ( [property_actual_arg] ) } property_actual_arg ::= property_expr
| sequence_actual_arg assertion_item_declaration ::= property_declaration
| sequence_declaration
| let_declaration property_declaration ::= property property_identifier [ ( [ property_port_list ] ) ] ;
{ assertion_variable_declaration }  property_spec [ ; ]
endproperty [ : property_identifier ]
property_port_list ::= property_port_item {, property_port_item}
property_port_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } [ local [ property_lvar_port_direction ] ] property_formal_type formal_port_identifier {variable_dimension} [ = property_actual_arg ]
property_lvar_port_direction ::= input property_formal_type ::= sequence_formal_type
| property
property_spec ::=
[clocking_event ] [ disable iff ( expression_or_dist ) ] property_expr property_expr ::= sequence_expr
| strong ( sequence_expr )
| weak ( sequence_expr )
| ( property_expr )
| not property_expr
| property_expr or property_expr
| property_expr and property_expr
| sequence_expr |-> property_expr | sequence_expr |=> property_expr
| if ( expression_or_dist ) property_expr [ else property_expr ]
| case ( expression_or_dist ) property_case_item { property_case_item } endcase
| sequence_expr #-# property_expr | sequence_expr #=# property_expr
| nexttime property_expr
| nexttime [ constant _expression ] property_expr
| s_nexttime property_expr
| s_nexttime [ constant_expression ] property_expr
| always property_expr
| always [ cycle_delay_const_range_expression ] property_expr
| s_always [ constant_range] property_expr
| s_eventually property_expr
| eventually [ constant_range ] property_expr
| s_eventually [ cycle_delay_const_range_expression ] property_expr
| property_expr until property_expr
| property_expr s_until property_expr
| property_expr until_with property_expr
| property_expr s_until_with property_expr
| property_expr implies property_expr
| property_expr iff property_expr
| accept_on ( expression_or_dist ) property_expr | reject_on ( expression_or_dist ) property_expr
| sync_accept_on ( expression_or_dist ) property_expr
| sync_reject_on ( expression_or_dist ) property_expr
| property_instance
| clocking_event property_expr property_case_item ::= expression_or_dist { , expression_or_dist } : property_expr ;
| default [ : ] property_expr ;  sequence_declaration ::= sequence sequence_identifier [ ( [ sequence_port_list ] ) ] ;
{ assertion_variable_declaration } sequence_expr [ ; ]
endsequence [ : sequence_identifier ]
sequence_port_list ::= sequence_port_item {, sequence_port_item}
sequence_port_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } [ local [ sequence_lvar_port_direction ] ] sequence_formal_type formal_port_identifier {variable_dimension} [ = sequence_actual_arg ]
sequence_lvar_port_direction ::= input | inout | output
sequence_formal_type ::= data_type_or_implicit
| sequence
| untyped
sequence_expr ::= cycle_delay_range sequence_expr { cycle_delay_range sequence_expr }
| sequence_expr cycle_delay_range sequence_expr { cycle_delay_range sequence_expr }
| expression_or_dist [ boolean_abbrev ]
| sequence_instance [ sequence_abbrev ]
| ( sequence_expr {, sequence_match_item } ) [ sequence_abbrev ]
| sequence_expr and sequence_expr
| sequence_expr intersect sequence_expr
| sequence_expr or sequence_expr
| first_match ( sequence_expr {, sequence_match_item} )
| expression_or_dist throughout sequence_expr
| sequence_expr within sequence_expr
| clocking_event sequence_expr cycle_delay_range ::=
## constant_primary
| ## [ cycle_delay_const_range_expression ]
| ##[*]
| ##[+] sequence_method_call ::= sequence_instance . method_identifier
sequence_match_item ::= operator_assignment
| inc_or_dec_expression
| subroutine_call sequence_instance ::=  ps_or_hierarchical_sequence_identifier [ ( [ sequence_list_of_arguments ] ) ]
sequence_list_of_arguments ::=
[sequence_actual_arg] { , [sequence_actual_arg] } { , . identifier ( [sequence_actual_arg] ) }
| . identifier ( [sequence_actual_arg] ) { , . identifier ( [sequence_actual_arg] ) } sequence_actual_arg ::= event_expression
| sequence_expr boolean_abbrev ::= consecutive_repetition
| non_consecutive_repetition
| goto_repetition sequence_abbrev ::= consecutive_repetition consecutive_repetition ::=
[* const_or_range_expression ]
| [*]
| [+] non_consecutive_repetition ::= [= const_or_range_expression ] goto_repetition ::= [-> const_or_range_expression ] const_or_range_expression ::= constant_expression
| cycle_delay_const_range_expression
cycle_delay_const_range_expression ::= constant_expression : constant_expression
| constant_expression : $ expression_or_dist ::= expression [ dist { dist_list } ] assertion_variable_declaration ::= var_data_type list_of_variable_decl_assignments ;
A.2.11 Covergroup declarations
covergroup_declaration ::= covergroup covergroup_identifier [ ( [ tf_port_list ] ) ] [ coverage_event ] ;
{ coverage_spec_or_option } endgroup [ : covergroup_identifier ]
coverage_spec_or_option ::=
{attribute_instance} coverage_spec
| {attribute_instance} coverage_option ; coverage_option ::= option.member_identifier = expression
| type_option.member_identifier = constant_expression coverage_spec ::= cover_point
| cover_cross coverage_event ::= clocking_event
| with function sample ( [ tf_port_list ] )
| @@( block_event_expression ) block_event_expression ::= block_event_expression or block_event_expression
| begin hierarchical_btf_identifier
| end hierarchical_btf_identifier hierarchical_btf_identifier ::= hierarchical_tf_identifier
| hierarchical_block_identifier
| [ hierarchical_identifier. | class_scope ] method_identifier cover_point ::=
[ [ data_type_or_implicit ] cover_point_identifier : ] coverpoint expression [ iff ( expression ) ] bins_or_empty
bins_or_empty ::=
{ {attribute_instance} { bins_or_options ; } }
| ; bins_or_options ::= coverage_option
| [ wildcard ] bins_keyword bin_identifier [ [ [ covergroup_expression ] ] ] = { covergroup_range_list } [ with ( with_covergroup_expression ) ] [ iff ( expression ) ]
| [ wildcard ] bins_keyword bin_identifier [ [ [ covergroup_expression ] ] ] = cover_point_identifier with ( with_covergroup_expression ) [ iff ( expression ) ]
| [ wildcard ] bins_keyword bin_identifier [ [ [ covergroup_expression ] ] ] = set_covergroup_expression [ iff ( expression ) ]
| [ wildcard] bins_keyword bin_identifier [ [ ] ] = trans_list [ iff ( expression ) ]
| bins_keyword bin_identifier [ [ [ covergroup_expression ] ] ] = default [ iff ( expression ) ]
| bins_keyword bin_identifier = default sequence [ iff ( expression ) ] bins_keyword::= bins | illegal_bins | ignore_bins trans_list ::= ( trans_set ) { , ( trans_set ) } trans_set ::= trans_range_list { => trans_range_list } trans_range_list ::= trans_item
| trans_item [* repeat_range ]
| trans_item [–> repeat_range ]
| trans_item [= repeat_range ] trans_item ::= covergroup_range_list repeat_range ::= covergroup_expression
| covergroup_expression : covergroup_expression cover_cross ::=
[ cross_identifier : ] cross list_of_cross_items [ iff ( expression ) ] cross_body list_of_cross_items ::= cross_item , cross_item { , cross_item } cross_item ::= cover_point_identifier
| variable_identifier cross_body ::=
{ { cross_body_item ; } }
| ; cross_body_item ::= function_declaraton
| bins_selection_or_option ; bins_selection_or_option ::=
{ attribute_instance } coverage_option
| { attribute_instance } bins_selection bins_selection ::= bins_keyword bin_identifier = select_expression [ iff ( expression ) ] select_expression24 ::= select_condition
| ! select_condition
| select_expression && select_expression
| select_expression || select_expression
| ( select_expression )
| select_expression with ( with_covergroup_expression ) [ matches integer_covergroup_expression ] | cross_identifier
| cross_set_expression [ matches integer_covergroup_expression ] select_condition ::= binsof ( bins_expression ) [ intersect { covergroup_range_list } ] bins_expression ::= variable_identifier
| cover_point_identifier [ . bin_identifier ] covergroup_range_list ::= covergroup_value_range { , covergroup_value_range } covergroup_value_range ::= covergroup_expression
| [ covergroup_expression : covergroup_expression ]25 with_covergroup_expression ::= covergroup_expression26 set_covergroup_expression ::= covergroup_expression27 integer_covergroup_expression ::= covergroup_expression cross_set_expression ::= covergroup_expression covergroup_expression ::= expression28
A.2.12 Let declarations
let_declaration ::= let let_identifier [ ( [ let_port_list ] ) ] = expression ;
let_identifier ::= identifier
let_port_list ::= let_port_item {, let_port_item}
let_port_item ::=
{ attribute_instance } let_formal_type formal_port_identifier { variable_dimension } [ = expression ] let_formal_type ::= data_type_or_implicit
| untyped
let_expression ::=
[ package_scope ] let_identifier [ ( [ let_list_of_arguments ] ) ] let_list_of_arguments ::=
[ let_actual_arg ] {, [ let_actual_arg ] } {, . identifier ( [ let_actual_arg ] ) }
| . identifier ( [ let_actual_arg ] ) { , . identifier ( [ let_actual_arg ] ) } let_actual_arg ::= expression
A.3 Primitive instances
A.3.1 Primitive instantiation and instances
gate_instantiation ::= cmos_switchtype [delay3] cmos_switch_instance { , cmos_switch_instance } ;
| enable_gatetype [drive_strength] [delay3] enable_gate_instance { , enable_gate_instance } ;
| mos_switchtype [delay3] mos_switch_instance { , mos_switch_instance } ;
| n_input_gatetype [drive_strength] [delay2] n_input_gate_instance { , n_input_gate_instance } ; | n_output_gatetype [drive_strength] [delay2] n_output_gate_instance
{ , n_output_gate_instance } ;
| pass_en_switchtype [delay2] pass_enable_switch_instance { , pass_enable_switch_instance } ;
| pass_switchtype pass_switch_instance { , pass_switch_instance } ;
| pulldown [pulldown_strength] pull_gate_instance { , pull_gate_instance } ;
| pullup [pullup_strength] pull_gate_instance { , pull_gate_instance } ; cmos_switch_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal , input_terminal , ncontrol_terminal , pcontrol_terminal )
enable_gate_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal , input_terminal , enable_terminal ) mos_switch_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal , input_terminal , enable_terminal ) n_input_gate_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal , input_terminal { , input_terminal } ) n_output_gate_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal { , output_terminal } ,
input_terminal )
pass_switch_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( inout_terminal , inout_terminal ) pass_enable_switch_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( inout_terminal , inout_terminal , enable_terminal )
pull_gate_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal )
A.3.2 Primitive strengths
pulldown_strength ::=
( strength0 , strength1 ) | ( strength1 , strength0 )
| ( strength0 ) pullup_strength ::=
( strength0 , strength1 ) | ( strength1 , strength0 )
| ( strength1 )
A.3.3 Primitive terminals
enable_terminal ::= expression inout_terminal ::= net_lvalue input_terminal ::= expression ncontrol_terminal ::= expression output_terminal ::= net_lvalue pcontrol_terminal ::= expression
A.3.4 Primitive gate and switch types
cmos_switchtype ::= cmos | rcmos enable_gatetype ::= bufif0 | bufif1 | notif0 | notif1 mos_switchtype ::= nmos | pmos | rnmos | rpmos n_input_gatetype ::= and | nand | or | nor | xor | xnor n_output_gatetype ::= buf | not
pass_en_switchtype ::= tranif0 | tranif1 | rtranif1 | rtranif0 pass_switchtype ::= tran | rtran
A.4 Instantiations
A.4.1 Instantiation
A.4.1.1 Module instantiation
module_instantiation ::= module_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] hierarchical_instance { , hierarchical_instance } ;
parameter_value_assignment ::= # ( [ list_of_parameter_assignments ] ) list_of_parameter_assignments ::= ordered_parameter_assignment { , ordered_parameter_assignment }
| named_parameter_assignment { , named_parameter_assignment } ordered_parameter_assignment ::= param_expression named_parameter_assignment ::= . parameter_identifier ( [ param_expression ] ) hierarchical_instance ::= name_of_instance ( [ list_of_port_connections ] ) name_of_instance ::= instance_identifier { unpacked_dimension }
list_of_port_connections29 ::= ordered_port_connection { , ordered_port_connection }
| named_port_connection { , named_port_connection } ordered_port_connection ::= { attribute_instance } [ expression ] named_port_connection ::=
{ attribute_instance } . port_identifier [ ( [ expression ] ) ]
| { attribute_instance } .*
A.4.1.2 Interface instantiation
interface_instantiation ::= interface_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] hierarchical_instance { , hierarchical_instance } ;
A.4.1.3 Program instantiation
program_instantiation ::= program_identifier [ parameter_value_assignment ] hierarchical_instance { , hierarchical_instance } ;
A.4.1.4 Checker instantiation
checker_instantiation ::=  ps_checker_identifier name_of_instance ( [list_of_checker_port_connections] ) ;
list_of_checker_port_connections29 ::= ordered_checker_port_connection { , ordered_checker_port_connection }
| named_checker_port_connection { , named_checker_port_connection } ordered_checker_port_connection ::= { attribute_instance } [ property_actual_arg ] named_checker_port_connection ::=
{ attribute_instance } . formal_port_identifier [ ( [ property_actual_arg ] ) ] | { attribute_instance } .*
A.4.2 Generated instantiation
generate_region ::= generate { generate_item } endgenerate
loop_generate_construct ::= for ( genvar_initialization ; genvar_expression ; genvar_iteration ) generate_block
genvar_initialization ::=
[ genvar ] genvar_identifier = constant_expression genvar_iteration ::= genvar_identifier assignment_operator genvar_expression
| inc_or_dec_operator genvar_identifier
| genvar_identifier inc_or_dec_operator conditional_generate_construct ::= if_generate_construct
| case_generate_construct
if_generate_construct ::= if ( constant_expression ) generate_block [ else generate_block ]
case_generate_construct ::= case ( constant_expression ) case_generate_item { case_generate_item } endcase
case_generate_item ::= constant_expression { , constant_expression } : generate_block
| default [ : ] generate_block generate_block ::= generate_item
| [ generate_block_identifier : ] begin [ : generate_block_identifier ]
{ generate_item } end [ : generate_block_identifier ]
generate_item30 ::= module_or_generate_item
| interface_or_generate_item
| checker_or_generate_item
A.5 UDP declaration and instantiation
A.5.1 UDP declaration
udp_nonansi_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } primitive udp_identifier ( udp_port_list ) ; udp_ansi_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } primitive udp_identifier ( udp_declaration_port_list ) ; udp_declaration ::= udp_nonansi_declaration udp_port_declaration { udp_port_declaration } udp_body
endprimitive [ : udp_identifier ]
| udp_ansi_declaration udp_body
endprimitive [ : udp_identifier ]
| extern udp_nonansi_declaration
| extern udp_ansi_declaration
| { attribute_instance } primitive udp_identifier ( .* ) ;
{ udp_port_declaration } udp_body
endprimitive [ : udp_identifier ]
A.5.2 UDP ports
udp_port_list ::= output_port_identifier , input_port_identifier { , input_port_identifier } udp_declaration_port_list ::= udp_output_declaration , udp_input_declaration { , udp_input_declaration } udp_port_declaration ::= udp_output_declaration ;
| udp_input_declaration ;
| udp_reg_declaration ; udp_output_declaration ::=
{ attribute_instance } output port_identifier
| { attribute_instance } output reg port_identifier [ = constant_expression ] udp_input_declaration ::= { attribute_instance } input list_of_udp_port_identifiers udp_reg_declaration ::= { attribute_instance } reg variable_identifier
A.5.3 UDP body
udp_body ::= combinational_body | sequential_body combinational_body ::= table combinational_entry { combinational_entry } endtable combinational_entry ::= level_input_list : output_symbol ; sequential_body ::= [ udp_initial_statement ] table sequential_entry { sequential_entry } endtable udp_initial_statement ::= initial output_port_identifier = init_val ; init_val ::= 1'b0 | 1'b1 | 1'bx | 1'bX | 1'B0 | 1'B1 | 1'Bx | 1'BX | 1 | 0 sequential_entry ::= seq_input_list : current_state : next_state ; seq_input_list ::= level_input_list | edge_input_list level_input_list ::= level_symbol { level_symbol } edge_input_list ::= { level_symbol } edge_indicator { level_symbol } edge_indicator ::= ( level_symbol level_symbol ) | edge_symbol current_state ::= level_symbol next_state ::= output_symbol | - output_symbol ::= 0 | 1 | x | X level_symbol ::= 0 | 1 | x | X | ? | b | B edge_symbol ::= r | R | f | F | p | P | n | N | *
A.5.4 UDP instantiation
udp_instantiation ::= udp_identifier [ drive_strength ] [ delay2 ] udp_instance { , udp_instance } ; udp_instance ::= [ name_of_instance ] ( output_terminal , input_terminal { , input_terminal } )
A.6 Behavioral statements
A.6.1 Continuous assignment and net alias statements
continuous_assign ::= assign [ drive_strength ] [ delay3 ] list_of_net_assignments ;
| assign [ delay_control ] list_of_variable_assignments ; list_of_net_assignments ::= net_assignment { , net_assignment } list_of_variable_assignments ::= variable_assignment { , variable_assignment } net_alias ::= alias net_lvalue = net_lvalue { = net_lvalue } ; net_assignment ::= net_lvalue = expression
A.6.2 Procedural blocks and assignments
initial_construct ::= initial statement_or_null always_construct ::= always_keyword statement
always_keyword ::= always | always_comb | always_latch | always_ff final_construct ::= final function_statement blocking_assignment ::= variable_lvalue = delay_or_event_control expression
| nonrange_variable_lvalue = dynamic_array_new
| [ implicit_class_handle . | class_scope | package_scope ] hierarchical_variable_identifier select = class_new
| operator_assignment operator_assignment ::= variable_lvalue assignment_operator expression assignment_operator ::=
= | += | -= | *= | /= | %= | &= | |= | ^= | <<= | >>= | <<<= | >>>= nonblocking_assignment ::= variable_lvalue <= [ delay_or_event_control ] expression
procedural_continuous_assignment ::= assign variable_assignment
| deassign variable_lvalue
| force variable_assignment
| force net_assignment
| release variable_lvalue
| release net_lvalue variable_assignment ::= variable_lvalue = expression
A.6.3 Parallel and sequential blocks
action_block ::= statement_or_null
| [ statement ] else statement_or_null seq_block ::= begin [ : block_identifier ] { block_item_declaration } { statement_or_null } end [ : block_identifier ]
par_block ::= fork [ : block_identifier ] { block_item_declaration } { statement_or_null } join_keyword [ : block_identifier ]
join_keyword ::= join | join_any | join_none
A.6.4 Statements
statement_or_null ::= statement
| { attribute_instance } ; statement ::= [ block_identifier : ] { attribute_instance } statement_item statement_item ::= blocking_assignment ;
| nonblocking_assignment ;
| procedural_continuous_assignment ;
| case_statement
| conditional_statement
| inc_or_dec_expression ;
| subroutine_call_statement
| disable_statement
| event_trigger
| loop_statement
| jump_statement
| par_block
| procedural_timing_control_statement
| seq_block
| wait_statement
| procedural_assertion_statement
| clocking_drive ;
| randsequence_statement
| randcase_statement
| expect_property_statement function_statement ::= statement function_statement_or_null ::= function_statement
| { attribute_instance } ; variable_identifier_list ::= variable_identifier { , variable_identifier }
A.6.5 Timing control statements
procedural_timing_control_statement ::= procedural_timing_control statement_or_null
delay_or_event_control ::= delay_control | event_control
| repeat ( expression ) event_control delay_control ::=
# delay_value
| # ( mintypmax_expression ) event_control ::=
@ hierarchical_event_identifier
| @ ( event_expression )
| @*
| @ (*)
| @ ps_or_hierarchical_sequence_identifier event_expression31 ::=
[ edge_identifier ] expression [ iff expression ]
| sequence_instance [ iff expression ]
| event_expression or event_expression
| event_expression , event_expression
| ( event_expression ) procedural_timing_control ::= delay_control
| event_control
| cycle_delay jump_statement ::= return [ expression ] ;
| break ;
| continue ; wait_statement ::= wait ( expression ) statement_or_null
| wait fork ;
| wait_order ( hierarchical_identifier { , hierarchical_identifier } ) action_block event_trigger ::=
-> hierarchical_event_identifier ;
|->> [ delay_or_event_control ] hierarchical_event_identifier ; disable_statement ::= disable hierarchical_task_identifier ;
| disable hierarchical_block_identifier ;
| disable fork ;
A.6.6 Conditional statements
conditional_statement ::=
[ unique_priority ] if ( cond_predicate ) statement_or_null
{else if ( cond_predicate ) statement_or_null }
[ else statement_or_null ] unique_priority ::= unique | unique0 | priority
cond_predicate ::= expression_or_cond_pattern { &&& expression_or_cond_pattern }
expression_or_cond_pattern ::= expression | cond_pattern
cond_pattern ::= expression matches pattern
A.6.7 Case statements
case_statement ::=
[ unique_priority ] case_keyword ( case_expression ) case_item { case_item } endcase
| [ unique_priority ] case_keyword (case_expression )matches case_pattern_item { case_pattern_item } endcase
| [ unique_priority ] case ( case_expression ) inside case_inside_item { case_inside_item } endcase
case_keyword ::= case | casez | casex case_expression ::= expression case_item ::= case_item_expression { , case_item_expression } : statement_or_null
| default [ : ] statement_or_null case_pattern_item ::= pattern [ &&& expression ] : statement_or_null
| default [ : ] statement_or_null case_inside_item ::= open_range_list : statement_or_null
| default [ : ] statement_or_null case_item_expression ::= expression randcase_statement ::= randcase randcase_item { randcase_item } endcase
randcase_item ::= expression : statement_or_null open_range_list ::= open_value_range { , open_value_range } open_value_range ::= value_range25
A.6.7.1 Patterns
pattern ::=
. variable_identifier
| .*
| constant_expression
| tagged member_identifier [ pattern ]
| '{ pattern { , pattern } }
| '{ member_identifier : pattern { , member_identifier : pattern } } assignment_pattern ::=
'{ expression { , expression } }
| '{ structure_pattern_key : expression { , structure_pattern_key : expression } }
| '{ array_pattern_key : expression { , array_pattern_key : expression } }
| '{ constant_expression { expression { , expression } } } structure_pattern_key ::= member_identifier | assignment_pattern_key array_pattern_key ::= constant_expression | assignment_pattern_key assignment_pattern_key ::= simple_type | default assignment_pattern_expression ::=
[ assignment_pattern_expression_type ] assignment_pattern assignment_pattern_expression_type ::= ps_type_identifier
| ps_parameter_identifier
| integer_atom_type | type_reference constant_assignment_pattern_expression32 ::= assignment_pattern_expression assignment_pattern_net_lvalue ::=
'{ net_lvalue {, net_lvalue } } assignment_pattern_variable_lvalue ::=
'{ variable_lvalue {, variable_lvalue } }
A.6.8 Looping statements
loop_statement ::= forever statement_or_null
| repeat ( expression ) statement_or_null
| while ( expression ) statement_or_null
| for ( [ for_initialization ] ; [ expression ] ; [ for_step ] ) statement_or_null
| do statement_or_null while ( expression ) ;
| foreach ( ps_or_hierarchical_array_identifier [ loop_variables ] ) statement for_initialization ::= list_of_variable_assignments
| for_variable_declaration { , for_variable_declaration } for_variable_declaration ::=
[ var ] data_type variable_identifier = expression { , variable_identifier = expression }14 for_step ::= for_step_assignment { , for_step_assignment } for_step_assignment ::= operator_assignment
| inc_or_dec_expression
| function_subroutine_call loop_variables ::= [ index_variable_identifier ] { , [ index_variable_identifier ] }
A.6.9 Subroutine call statements
subroutine_call_statement ::= subroutine_call ;
| void ' ( function_subroutine_call ) ;
A.6.10 Assertion statements
assertion_item ::= concurrent_assertion_item
| deferred_immediate_assertion_item deferred_immediate_assertion_item ::= [ block_identifier : ] deferred_immediate_assertion_statement procedural_assertion_statement ::= concurrent_assertion_statement
| immediate_assertion_statement
| checker_instantiation immediate_assertion_statement ::= simple_immediate_assertion_statement
| deferred_immediate_assertion_statement simple_immediate_assertion_statement ::= simple_immediate_assert_statement
| simple_immediate_assume_statement
| simple_immediate_cover_statement simple_immediate_assert_statement ::= assert ( expression ) action_block
simple_immediate_assume_statement ::= assume ( expression ) action_block
simple_immediate_cover_statement ::= cover ( expression ) statement_or_null
deferred_immediate_assertion_statement ::= deferred_immediate_assert_statement
| deferred_immediate_assume_statement
| deferred_immediate_cover_statement deferred_immediate_assert_statement ::= assert #0 ( expression ) action_block
| assert final ( expression ) action_block deferred_immediate_assume_statement ::= assume #0 ( expression ) action_block
| assume final ( expression ) action_block deferred_immediate_cover_statement ::= cover #0 ( expression ) statement_or_null
| cover final ( expression ) statement_or_null
A.6.11 Clocking block
clocking_declaration ::= [ default ] clocking [ clocking_identifier ] clocking_event ;
{ clocking_item } endclocking [ : clocking_identifier ]
| global clocking [ clocking_identifier ] clocking_event ; endclocking [ : clocking_identifier ] clocking_event ::=
@ identifier
| @ ( event_expression ) clocking_item ::= default default_skew ;
| clocking_direction list_of_clocking_decl_assign ;
| { attribute_instance } assertion_item_declaration default_skew ::= input clocking_skew
| output clocking_skew
| input clocking_skew output clocking_skew clocking_direction ::= input [ clocking_skew ]
| output [ clocking_skew ]
| input [ clocking_skew ] output [ clocking_skew ]
| inout
list_of_clocking_decl_assign ::= clocking_decl_assign { , clocking_decl_assign } clocking_decl_assign ::= signal_identifier [ = expression ] clocking_skew ::= edge_identifier [ delay_control ]
| delay_control clocking_drive ::= clockvar_expression <= [ cycle_delay ] expression
cycle_delay ::=
## integral_number
| ## identifier
| ## ( expression ) clockvar ::= hierarchical_identifier clockvar_expression ::= clockvar select
A.6.12 Randsequence
randsequence_statement ::= randsequence ( [ production_identifier ] ) production { production }
endsequence
production ::= [ data_type_or_void ] production_identifier [ ( tf_port_list ) ] : rs_rule { | rs_rule } ; rs_rule ::= rs_production_list [ := weight_specification [ rs_code_block ] ] rs_production_list ::= rs_prod { rs_prod }
| rand join [ ( expression ) ] production_item production_item { production_item } weight_specification ::= integral_number
| ps_identifier
| ( expression ) rs_code_block ::= { { data_declaration } { statement_or_null } } rs_prod ::= production_item
| rs_code_block
| rs_if_else
| rs_repeat
| rs_case production_item ::= production_identifier [ ( list_of_arguments ) ] rs_if_else ::= if ( expression ) production_item [ else production_item ] rs_repeat ::= repeat ( expression ) production_item rs_case ::= case ( case_expression ) rs_case_item { rs_case_item } endcase rs_case_item ::= case_item_expression { , case_item_expression } : production_item ; | default [ : ] production_item ;
A.7 Specify section
A.7.1 Specify block declaration
specify_block ::= specify { specify_item } endspecify specify_item ::= specparam_declaration
| pulsestyle_declaration
| showcancelled_declaration
| path_declaration
| system_timing_check pulsestyle_declaration ::= pulsestyle_onevent list_of_path_outputs ;
| pulsestyle_ondetect list_of_path_outputs ; showcancelled_declaration ::= showcancelled list_of_path_outputs ;
| noshowcancelled list_of_path_outputs ;
A.7.2 Specify path declarations
path_declaration ::= simple_path_declaration ;
| edge_sensitive_path_declaration ;
| state_dependent_path_declaration ; simple_path_declaration ::= parallel_path_description = path_delay_value
| full_path_description = path_delay_value parallel_path_description ::=
( specify_input_terminal_descriptor [ polarity_operator ] => specify_output_terminal_descriptor ) full_path_description ::=
( list_of_path_inputs [ polarity_operator ] *> list_of_path_outputs ) list_of_path_inputs ::=
specify_input_terminal_descriptor { , specify_input_terminal_descriptor }
list_of_path_outputs ::= specify_output_terminal_descriptor { , specify_output_terminal_descriptor }
A.7.3 Specify block terminals
specify_input_terminal_descriptor ::= input_identifier [ [ constant_range_expression ] ]
specify_output_terminal_descriptor ::= output_identifier [ [ constant_range_expression ] ]
input_identifier ::= input_port_identifier | inout_port_identifier | interface_identifier.port_identifier output_identifier ::= output_port_identifier | inout_port_identifier | interface_identifier.port_identifier
A.7.4 Specify path delays
path_delay_value ::= list_of_path_delay_expressions
| ( list_of_path_delay_expressions ) list_of_path_delay_expressions ::= t_path_delay_expression
| trise_path_delay_expression , tfall_path_delay_expression
| trise_path_delay_expression , tfall_path_delay_expression , tz_path_delay_expression
| t01_path_delay_expression , t10_path_delay_expression , t0z_path_delay_expression , tz1_path_delay_expression , t1z_path_delay_expression , tz0_path_delay_expression
| t01_path_delay_expression , t10_path_delay_expression , t0z_path_delay_expression , tz1_path_delay_expression , t1z_path_delay_expression , tz0_path_delay_expression , t0x_path_delay_expression , tx1_path_delay_expression , t1x_path_delay_expression , tx0_path_delay_expression , txz_path_delay_expression , tzx_path_delay_expression
t_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression trise_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tfall_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tz_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t01_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t10_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t0z_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tz1_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t1z_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tz0_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t0x_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tx1_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression t1x_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tx0_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression txz_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression tzx_path_delay_expression ::= path_delay_expression path_delay_expression ::= constant_mintypmax_expression edge_sensitive_path_declaration ::= parallel_edge_sensitive_path_description = path_delay_value
| full_edge_sensitive_path_description = path_delay_value parallel_edge_sensitive_path_description ::=
( [ edge_identifier ] specify_input_terminal_descriptor [ polarity_operator ] =>
( specify_output_terminal_descriptor [ polarity_operator ] : data_source_expression ) ) full_edge_sensitive_path_description ::=
( [ edge_identifier ] list_of_path_inputs [ polarity_operator ] *>
( list_of_path_outputs [ polarity_operator ] : data_source_expression ) ) data_source_expression ::= expression edge_identifier ::= posedge | negedge | edge state_dependent_path_declaration ::= if ( module_path_expression ) simple_path_declaration
| if ( module_path_expression ) edge_sensitive_path_declaration
| ifnone simple_path_declaration polarity_operator ::= + | -
A.7.5 System timing checks
A.7.5.1 System timing check commands
system_timing_check ::=
$setup_timing_check
| $hold_timing_check
| $setuphold_timing_check
| $recovery_timing_check
| $removal_timing_check
| $recrem_timing_check
| $skew_timing_check
| $timeskew_timing_check
| $fullskew_timing_check
| $period_timing_check
| $width_timing_check
| $nochange_timing_check
$setup_timing_check ::=
$setup ( data_event , reference_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$hold_timing_check ::=
$hold ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$setuphold_timing_check ::=
$setuphold ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit , timing_check_limit
[ , [ notifier ] [ , [ timestamp_condition ] [ , [ timecheck_condition ]
[ , [ delayed_reference ] [ , [ delayed_data ] ] ] ] ] ] ) ;
$recovery_timing_check ::=
$recovery ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$removal_timing_check ::=
$removal ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$recrem_timing_check ::=
$recrem ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit , timing_check_limit
[ , [ notifier ] [ , [ timestamp_condition ] [ , [ timecheck_condition ]
[ , [ delayed_reference ] [ , [ delayed_data ] ] ] ] ] ] ) ;
$skew_timing_check ::=
$skew ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ; $timeskew_timing_check ::=
$timeskew ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit
[ , [ notifier ] [ , [ event_based_flag ] [ , [ remain_active_flag ] ] ] ] ) ;
$fullskew_timing_check ::=
$fullskew ( reference_event , data_event , timing_check_limit , timing_check_limit
[ , [ notifier ] [ , [ event_based_flag ] [ , [ remain_active_flag ] ] ] ] ) ;
$period_timing_check ::=
$period ( controlled_reference_event , timing_check_limit [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$width_timing_check ::=
$width ( controlled_reference_event , timing_check_limit , threshold [ , [ notifier ] ] ) ;
$nochange_timing_check ::=
$nochange ( reference_event , data_event , start_edge_offset , end_edge_offset [ , [ notifier ] ] );
A.7.5.2 System timing check command arguments
timecheck_condition ::= mintypmax_expression controlled_reference_event ::= controlled_timing_check_event data_event ::= timing_check_event delayed_data ::= terminal_identifier
| terminal_identifier [ constant_mintypmax_expression ] delayed_reference ::= terminal_identifier
| terminal_identifier [ constant_mintypmax_expression ] end_edge_offset ::= mintypmax_expression event_based_flag ::= constant_expression notifier ::= variable_identifier reference_event ::= timing_check_event remain_active_flag ::= constant_mintypmax_expression timestamp_condition ::= mintypmax_expression start_edge_offset ::= mintypmax_expression threshold ::= constant_expression timing_check_limit ::= expression
A.7.5.3 System timing check event definitions
timing_check_event ::=
[timing_check_event_control] specify_terminal_descriptor [ &&& timing_check_condition ] controlled_timing_check_event ::= timing_check_event_control specify_terminal_descriptor [ &&& timing_check_condition ]
timing_check_event_control ::= posedge | negedge
| edge
| edge_control_specifier specify_terminal_descriptor ::= specify_input_terminal_descriptor
| specify_output_terminal_descriptor edge_control_specifier ::= edge [ edge_descriptor { , edge_descriptor } ] edge_descriptor33 ::= 01 | 10 | z_or_x zero_or_one | zero_or_one z_or_x zero_or_one ::= 0 | 1 z_or_x ::= x | X | z | Z timing_check_condition ::= scalar_timing_check_condition
| ( scalar_timing_check_condition ) scalar_timing_check_condition ::= expression
| ~ expression
| expression == scalar_constant
| expression === scalar_constant | expression != scalar_constant
| expression !== scalar_constant scalar_constant ::= 1'b0 | 1'b1 | 1'B0 | 1'B1 | 'b0 | 'b1 | 'B0 | 'B1 | 1 | 0
A.8 Expressions
A.8.1 Concatenations
concatenation ::=
{ expression { , expression } } constant_concatenation ::=
{ constant_expression { , constant_expression } } constant_multiple_concatenation ::= { constant_expression constant_concatenation } module_path_concatenation ::= { module_path_expression { , module_path_expression } } module_path_multiple_concatenation ::= { constant_expression module_path_concatenation } multiple_concatenation ::= { expression concatenation }34 streaming_concatenation ::= { stream_operator [ slice_size ] stream_concatenation } stream_operator ::= >> | << slice_size ::= simple_type | constant_expression stream_concatenation ::= { stream_expression { , stream_expression } } stream_expression ::= expression [ with [ array_range_expression ] ] array_range_expression ::= expression
| expression : expression
| expression +: expression
| expression -: expression empty_unpacked_array_concatenation35 ::= { }
A.8.2 Subroutine calls
constant_function_call ::= function_subroutine_call36 tf_call37 ::= ps_or_hierarchical_tf_identifier { attribute_instance } [ ( list_of_arguments ) ] system_tf_call ::= system_tf_identifier [ ( list_of_arguments ) ]
| system_tf_identifier ( data_type [ , expression ] )
| system_tf_identifier ( expression { , [ expression ] } [ , [ clocking_event ] ] ) subroutine_call ::= tf_call
| system_tf_call
| method_call
| [ std :: ] randomize_call function_subroutine_call ::= subroutine_call list_of_arguments ::=
[ expression ] { , [ expression ] } { , . identifier ( [ expression ] ) }
| . identifier ( [ expression ] ) { , . identifier ( [ expression ] ) } method_call ::= method_call_root . method_call_body method_call_body ::= method_identifier { attribute_instance } [ ( list_of_arguments ) ]
| built_in_method_call built_in_method_call ::= array_manipulation_call
| randomize_call array_manipulation_call ::= array_method_name { attribute_instance }
[ ( list_of_arguments ) ]
[ with ( expression ) ] randomize_call ::=  randomize { attribute_instance }
[ ( [ variable_identifier_list | null ] ) ]
[ with [ ( [ identifier_list ] ) ] constraint_block ]38 method_call_root ::= primary | implicit_class_handle array_method_name ::= method_identifier | unique | and | or | xor
A.8.3 Expressions
inc_or_dec_expression ::= inc_or_dec_operator { attribute_instance } variable_lvalue
| variable_lvalue { attribute_instance } inc_or_dec_operator conditional_expression ::= cond_predicate ? { attribute_instance } expression : expression constant_expression ::= constant_primary
| unary_operator { attribute_instance } constant_primary
| constant_expression binary_operator { attribute_instance } constant_expression
| constant_expression ? { attribute_instance } constant_expression : constant_expression constant_mintypmax_expression ::= constant_expression
| constant_expression : constant_expression : constant_expression constant_param_expression ::= constant_mintypmax_expression | data_type | $
param_expression ::= mintypmax_expression | data_type | $ constant_range_expression ::= constant_expression
| constant_part_select_range constant_part_select_range ::= constant_range
| constant_indexed_range constant_range ::= constant_expression : constant_expression constant_indexed_range ::= constant_expression +: constant_expression
| constant_expression -: constant_expression expression ::= primary
| unary_operator { attribute_instance } primary
| inc_or_dec_expression
| ( operator_assignment )
| expression binary_operator { attribute_instance } expression
| conditional_expression
| inside_expression
| tagged_union_expression tagged_union_expression ::= tagged member_identifier [ expression ]
inside_expression ::= expression inside { open_range_list } value_range ::= expression
| [ expression : expression ] mintypmax_expression ::= expression
| expression : expression : expression module_path_conditional_expression ::= module_path_expression ? { attribute_instance } module_path_expression : module_path_expression
module_path_expression ::= module_path_primary
| unary_module_path_operator { attribute_instance } module_path_primary
| module_path_expression binary_module_path_operator { attribute_instance } module_path_expression
| module_path_conditional_expression module_path_mintypmax_expression ::= module_path_expression
| module_path_expression : module_path_expression : module_path_expression part_select_range ::= constant_range | indexed_range indexed_range ::= expression +: constant_expression
| expression -: constant_expression genvar_expression ::= constant_expression
A.8.4 Primaries
constant_primary ::= primary_literal
| ps_parameter_identifier constant_select
| specparam_identifier [ [ constant_range_expression ] ]
| genvar_identifier39
| formal_port_identifier constant_select
| [ package_scope | class_scope ] enum_identifier
| constant_concatenation [ [ constant_range_expression ] ]
| constant_multiple_concatenation [ [ constant_range_expression ] ]
| constant_function_call
| constant_let_expression
| ( constant_mintypmax_expression )
| constant_cast
| constant_assignment_pattern_expression
| type_reference40
| null
module_path_primary ::= number
| identifier
| module_path_concatenation
| module_path_multiple_concatenation
| function_subroutine_call
| ( module_path_mintypmax_expression ) primary ::= primary_literal
| [ class_qualifier | package_scope ] hierarchical_identifier select
| empty_unpacked_array_concatenation
| concatenation [ [ range_expression ] ]
| multiple_concatenation [ [ range_expression ] ]
| function_subroutine_call
| let_expression
| ( mintypmax_expression )
| cast
| assignment_pattern_expression
| streaming_concatenation | sequence_method_call
| this41
| $42
| null
class_qualifier := [ local ::43 ] [ implicit_class_handle . | class_scope ] range_expression ::= expression
| part_select_range primary_literal ::= number | time_literal | unbased_unsized_literal | string_literal
time_literal44 ::= unsigned_number time_unit
| fixed_point_number time_unit time_unit ::= s | ms | us | ns | ps | fs
implicit_class_handle41 ::= this | super | this . super bit_select ::= { [ expression ] } select ::=
[ { . member_identifier bit_select } . member_identifier ] bit_select [ [ part_select_range ] ] nonrange_select ::=
[ { . member_identifier bit_select } . member_identifier ] bit_select constant_bit_select ::= { [ constant_expression ] } constant_select ::=
[ { . member_identifier constant_bit_select } . member_identifier ] constant_bit_select
[ [ constant_part_select_range ] ] constant_cast ::= casting_type ' ( constant_expression )
constant_let_expression ::= let_expression45 cast ::= casting_type ' ( expression )
A.8.5 Expression left-side values
net_lvalue ::= ps_or_hierarchical_net_identifier constant_select
| { net_lvalue { , net_lvalue } }
| [ assignment_pattern_expression_type ] assignment_pattern_net_lvalue variable_lvalue ::=
[ implicit_class_handle .  | package_scope ] hierarchical_variable_identifier select46
| { variable_lvalue { , variable_lvalue } }
| [ assignment_pattern_expression_type ] assignment_pattern_variable_lvalue
| streaming_concatenation47 nonrange_variable_lvalue ::=
[ implicit_class_handle . | package_scope ] hierarchical_variable_identifier nonrange_select
A.8.6 Operators
unary_operator ::=
+ | - | ! | ~ | & | ~& | | | ~| | ^ | ~^ | ^~ binary_operator ::=
+ | - | * | / | % | == | != | === | !== | ==? | !=? | && | || | **
| < | <= | > | >= | & | | | ^ | ^~ | ~^ | >> | << | >>> | <<<
| -> | <->  inc_or_dec_operator ::= ++ | -- unary_module_path_operator ::=
          ! | ~ | & | ~& | | | ~| | ^ | ~^ | ^~ binary_module_path_operator ::=
          == | != | && | || | & | | | ^ | ^~ | ~^
A.8.7 Numbers
number ::= integral_number
| real_number integral_number ::= decimal_number
| octal_number
| binary_number
| hex_number decimal_number ::= unsigned_number
| [ size ] decimal_base unsigned_number
| [ size ] decimal_base x_digit { _ }
| [ size ] decimal_base z_digit { _ } binary_number ::= [ size ] binary_base binary_value octal_number ::= [ size ] octal_base octal_value hex_number ::= [ size ] hex_base hex_value sign ::= + | - size ::= non_zero_unsigned_number non_zero_unsigned_number33 ::= non_zero_decimal_digit { _ | decimal_digit}
real_number33 ::= fixed_point_number
| unsigned_number [ . unsigned_number ] exp [ sign ] unsigned_number fixed_point_number33 ::= unsigned_number . unsigned_number exp ::= e | E
unsigned_number33 ::= decimal_digit { _ | decimal_digit } binary_value33 ::= binary_digit { _ | binary_digit } octal_value33 ::= octal_digit { _ | octal_digit } hex_value33 ::= hex_digit { _ | hex_digit } decimal_base33 ::= '[s|S]d | '[s|S]D binary_base33 ::= '[s|S]b | '[s|S]B octal_base33 ::= '[s|S]o | '[s|S]O hex_base33 ::= '[s|S]h | '[s|S]H non_zero_decimal_digit ::= 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 decimal_digit ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 binary_digit ::= x_digit | z_digit | 0 | 1 octal_digit ::= x_digit | z_digit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
hex_digit ::= x_digit | z_digit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | a | b | c | d | e | f | A | B | C | D | E | F x_digit ::= x | X z_digit ::= z | Z | ? unbased_unsized_literal ::= '0 | '1 | 'z_or_x 48
A.8.8 Strings
string_literal ::= " { Any_ASCII_Characters } "
A.9 General
A.9.1 Attributes
attribute_instance ::= (* attr_spec { , attr_spec } *) attr_spec ::= attr_name [ = constant_expression ] attr_name ::= identifier
A.9.2 Comments
comment ::= one_line_comment
| block_comment one_line_comment ::= // comment_text \n block_comment ::= /* comment_text */ comment_text ::= { Any_ASCII_character }
A.9.3 Identifiers
array_identifier ::= identifier block_identifier ::= identifier bin_identifier ::= identifier c_identifier49 ::= [ a-zA-Z_ ] { [ a-zA-Z0-9_ ] } cell_identifier ::= identifier checker_identifier ::= identifier class_identifier ::= identifier class_variable_identifier ::= variable_identifier clocking_identifier ::= identifier config_identifier ::= identifier const_identifier ::= identifier constraint_identifier ::= identifier covergroup_identifier ::= identifier covergroup_variable_identifier ::= variable_identifier cover_point_identifier ::= identifier cross_identifier ::= identifier dynamic_array_variable_identifier ::= variable_identifier enum_identifier ::= identifier escaped_identifier ::= \ {any_printable_ASCII_character_except_white_space} white_space formal_identifier ::= identifier formal_port_identifier ::= identifier function_identifier ::= identifier generate_block_identifier ::= identifier genvar_identifier ::= identifier hierarchical_array_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier
hierarchical_block_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_event_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_identifier ::= [ $root . ] { identifier constant_bit_select . } identifier hierarchical_net_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_parameter_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_property_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_sequence_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_task_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_tf_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier hierarchical_variable_identifier ::= hierarchical_identifier identifier ::= simple_identifier
| escaped_identifier index_variable_identifier ::= identifier interface_identifier ::= identifier interface_instance_identifier ::= identifier inout_port_identifier ::= identifier input_port_identifier ::= identifier instance_identifier ::= identifier library_identifier ::= identifier member_identifier ::= identifier method_identifier ::= identifier modport_identifier ::= identifier module_identifier ::= identifier net_identifier ::= identifier net_type_identifier ::= identifier output_port_identifier ::= identifier package_identifier ::= identifier package_scope ::= package_identifier ::
| $unit ::
parameter_identifier ::= identifier port_identifier ::= identifier production_identifier ::= identifier program_identifier ::= identifier property_identifier ::= identifier ps_class_identifier ::= [ package_scope ] class_identifier ps_covergroup_identifier ::= [ package_scope ] covergroup_identifier ps_checker_identifier ::= [ package_scope ] checker_identifier ps_identifier ::= [ package_scope ] identifier ps_or_hierarchical_array_identifier ::=
[ implicit_class_handle . | class_scope | package_scope ] hierarchical_array_identifier ps_or_hierarchical_net_identifier ::= [ package_scope ] net_identifier | hierarchical_net_identifier ps_or_hierarchical_property_identifier ::=
[ package_scope ] property_identifier
| hierarchical_property_identifier ps_or_hierarchical_sequence_identifier ::=
[ package_scope ] sequence_identifier
| hierarchical_sequence_identifier ps_or_hierarchical_tf_identifier ::=
[ package_scope ] tf_identifier
| hierarchical_tf_identifier ps_parameter_identifier ::=
[ package_scope | class_scope ] parameter_identifier
| { generate_block_identifier [ [ constant_expression ] ] . } parameter_identifier ps_type_identifier ::= [ local ::43 | package_scope | class_scope ] type_identifier sequence_identifier ::= identifier signal_identifier ::= identifier simple_identifier49 ::= [ a-zA-Z_ ] { [ a-zA-Z0-9_$ ] } specparam_identifier ::= identifier system_tf_identifier50 ::= $[ a-zA-Z0-9_$ ]{ [ a-zA-Z0-9_$ ] } task_identifier ::= identifier tf_identifier ::= identifier terminal_identifier ::= identifier topmodule_identifier ::= identifier type_identifier ::= identifier udp_identifier ::= identifier variable_identifier ::= identifier
A.9.4 White space
white_space ::= space | tab | newline | eof
