* pyrsp

pyrsp v0.2 is a simple wrapper around the [[https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol][GDB Remote serial
protocol]]. Currently ARM Cortex M3 devices can be tested with the
[[https://github.com/gsmcmullin/blackmagic][Blackmagic JTAG debugger]] and i386 and AMD64 qemu targets are supported
with qemu. But it should be very simple to support other devices that
speak this protocol e.g. buspirates via OpenOCD.

Possible uses: on-device unit testing, fuzzing, reverse engineering.

Currently you can load/dump memory, set/clear breakpoints, load extra
information (symbols, debug info, .text segment) from an elf file,
dispatch callbacks on breakpoints, run the binary associated with the
elf file and display source code associated with addresses.

** depends
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
pip install pyelftools pyserial
#+END_EXAMPLE

** changes
*** v0.3
    - support for STLink2 devices
    - rudimentary support for dumping fault status and mpu registers
    - fixes
*** v0.2
    - refactored rsp parts into elf.py and utils.py
    - support for i386 and AMD64 qemu targets
    - timeout in readpkt
    - extract .text directly from elf, do not require .bin
    - support slice operator for memory ops
    - use reported packetSize
    - threadinfo support
** python example
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
   from rsp import RSP
   rsp = RSP('/dev/ttyACM0', 'test.elf') # expects test.elf to exist
   rsp.load() # load test.elf into workarea (.text segment)

   def br_cb(self):
     # dump regs
     self.dump_regs()

     # retrieve some data
     print self.dump(10, 0x20000000)

     # set up some data
     self.store("aaaaa", 0x20000000)

     # adjust some register
     self.set_reg('r0',0)

     # continue and leave breakpoint intact
     self.step_over_br()

   # attach breakpoints to callbacks
   rsp.set_br('rsp_finish', rsp.finish_cb)
   rsp.set_br('rsp_dump', rsp.dump_cb)
   rsp.set_br('my_fun", br_cb)

   # run binary in mainloop until rsp_finish is hit
   # or some unhandled signal occurs
   rsp.run()
#+END_EXAMPLE
   should produce the output in the next part, however a similar
   result, barring the custom callback can also be produced by
   running:
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
$ rsp.py /dev/ttyACM0 test
#+END_EXAMPLE
** Example session
   see the code running below in example/
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
work area: 0x20019000
entry: 0x20019001
Available Targets:
No. Att Driver
 1      STM32F4xx

      r0       r1       r2       r3       r4       r5       r6       r7       r8       r9      r10      r11      r12       sp       lr       pc     xpsr      msp      psp
2001f6b4 00000004 00000000 00000000 2001f6b4 2001f754 00000020 00008000 000000ff 2001fb9c 00000020 00000000 08001f31 2001f6b0 2001902b 20019036 21000003 2001f6b0 00000000
load test.bin
verify test OK
set break: @rsp_finish (0x20019036) OK
set break: @rsp_dump (0x20019034) OK
set new pc: @test (0x20019001) OK
continuing

      r0       r1       r2       r3       r4       r5       r6       r7       r8       r9      r10      r11      r12       sp       lr       pc     xpsr      msp      psp
2001f6a4 00000004 00000000 00000000 2001f6a4 2001f754 00000020 00008000 000000ff 2001fb9c 00000020 00000000 08001f31 2001f6a0 20019013 20019034 21000003 2001f6a0 00000000
breakpoint hit: rsp_dump
test.c:5 rsp_dump((unsigned char*) &number, 4);
        00000000 ....

      r0       r1       r2       r3       r4       r5       r6       r7       r8       r9      r10      r11      r12       sp       lr       pc     xpsr      msp      psp
20019038 0000000b 00000000 00000000 2001f6a4 2001f754 00000020 00008000 000000ff 2001fb9c 00000020 00000000 08001f31 2001f6a0 2001901b 20019034 21000003 2001f6a0 00000000
breakpoint hit: rsp_dump
test.c:6 rsp_dump((unsigned char*) "hello world",11);
        68656c6c6f20776f 726c64 hello.world

      r0       r1       r2       r3       r4       r5       r6       r7       r8       r9      r10      r11      r12       sp       lr       pc     xpsr      msp      psp
2001f6a4 00000004 00000000 00000000 2001f6a4 2001f754 00000020 00008000 000000ff 2001fb9c 00000020 00000000 08001f31 2001f6a0 20019027 20019034 21000003 2001f6a0 00000000
breakpoint hit: rsp_dump
test.c:8 rsp_dump((unsigned char*) &number, 4);
        55aa55aa U.U.

      r0       r1       r2       r3       r4       r5       r6       r7       r8       r9      r10      r11      r12       sp       lr       pc     xpsr      msp      psp
2001f6a4 00000004 00000000 00000000 2001f6a4 2001f754 00000020 00008000 000000ff 2001fb9c 00000020 00000000 08001f31 2001f6a0 2001902b 20019036 21000003 2001f6a0 00000000
breakpoint hit: rsp_finish
clear breakpoint: @rsp_dump (0x20019034) OK
clear breakpoint: @rsp_finish (0x20019036) OK
continuing and detaching
#+END_EXAMPLE
** Python API
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
RSP(self, port, elffile=None, verbose=False)
#+END_EXAMPLE
reads the elf file if given by elffile, connects to the debugging
device specified by port, and initializes itself.

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
send(self, data, retries=50)
#+END_EXAMPLE
sends data via the RSP protocol to the device

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
readpkt(self, timeout=0)
#+END_EXAMPLE
blocks until it reads an RSP packet and returns it's data or timeout>0 expires

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
store(self, data, addr=None)
#+END_EXAMPLE
stores data at addr if given otherwise at beginning of .text segment
aka self.workarea

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
dump(self, size, addr = None)
#+END_EXAMPLE
dumps data from addr if given otherwise at beginning of .text segment
aka self.workarea

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
fetch(self,data)
#+END_EXAMPLE
sends data and returns reply

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
fetchOK(self,data,ok='OK')
#+END_EXAMPLE
sends data and expects success

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
set_reg(self, reg, val)
#+END_EXAMPLE
sets value of register reg to val on device

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
refresh_regs(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
loads and caches values of the registers on the device

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
dump_regs(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
refreshes and dumps registers via stdout

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
connect(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
Implements device specific connection procedure, e.g. attaches to
blackmagic jtag debugger in swd mode

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
run(self, start=None)
#+END_EXAMPLE
sets pc to start if given or to entry address from elf header, passes
control to the device and handles breakpoints

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
handle_br(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
dumps register on breakpoint/signal, continues if unknown,
otherwise it calls the appropriate callback.

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
set_br(self, sym, cb, quiet=False)
#+END_EXAMPLE
sets a breakpoint at symbol sym, and install callback cb for it

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
del_br(self, addr, quiet=False)
#+END_EXAMPLE
deletes breakpoint at address addr

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
finish_cb(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
final breakpoint, if hit it deletes all breakpoints, continues running
the cpu, and detaches from the debugging device

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
get_src_line(self, addr)
#+END_EXAMPLE
returns the source-code line associated with address addr

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
dump_cb(self)
#+END_EXAMPLE
rsp_dump callback, hit if rsp_dump is called. Outputs to stdout the
source line, and a hexdump of the memory pointed by $r0 with a size of
$r1 bytes. Then it resumes running.

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
load(self, verify)
#+END_EXAMPLE
loads binary belonging to elf to beginning of .text segment (alias
self.workarea), and if verify is set read it back and check if it
matches with the uploaded binary.

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
call(self, start=None, finish='rsp_finish', dump='rsp_dump', verify=True)
#+END_EXAMPLE
    1. Loads the .text segment given by self.elf into the device at the workarea (.text seg) of the device.
    2. and starts execution at the function specified by start or elf e_entry.
    3. After the breakpoint of rsp_dump is hit, r1 bytes are dumped from the buffer pointed to by r0.
    4. After the breakpoint of rsp_finish is hit, it removes all break points, and detaches

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
get_thread_info()
#+END_EXAMPLE
returns a tuple consisting of:
   - current thread id,
   - extra thread info,
   - list of all threads

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
rsp[0:100]
#+END_EXAMPLE
returns 1st 100 bytes from memory

#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE python
rsp[100]="hello world"
#+END_EXAMPLE
Stores the string "hello world" at address 100 in memory

** trigger functions for breakpoints
If you run your code on an ARMv7, you can call and link the code in
rsp.s and rsp.h. It only costs you 4 bytes.

If you use C language for instrumentation GCC might optimize out very
simple finish functions, to avoid this you can use the example below:
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
__attribute__ ((noinline)) void rsp_finish(void) {
  while(1);
}
__attribute__ ((noinline)) void rsp_dump(void) {
  __asm__("nop;");
}
#+END_EXAMPLE
