/* Generated by Cython 0.23.4 */

/* BEGIN: Cython Metadata
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#define __PYX_HAVE__polymake__perl_object
#define __PYX_HAVE_API__polymake__perl_object
#include "string.h"
#include <string>
#include "ios"
#include "new"
#include "stdexcept"
#include "typeinfo"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "gmp.h"
#include "wrap.h"
#include "polymake/Main.h"
#include "polymake/Integer.h"
#include "polymake/Rational.h"
#include "polymake/client.h"
#include "polymake/Matrix.h"
#include "polymake/Vector.h"
#ifdef _OPENMP
#include <omp.h>
#endif /* _OPENMP */

#ifdef PYREX_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS
#define CYTHON_WITHOUT_ASSERTIONS
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#ifndef CYTHON_UNUSED
# if defined(__GNUC__)
#   if !(defined(__cplusplus)) || (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4))
#     define CYTHON_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
#   else
#     define CYTHON_UNUSED
#   endif
# elif defined(__ICC) || (defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
#   define CYTHON_UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
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# if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
#  define CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED
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typedef struct {PyObject **p; char *s; const Py_ssize_t n; const char* encoding;
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#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII 0
#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT 0
#define __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING ""
#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromString __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString
#define __Pyx_PyObject_FromStringAndSize __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
#define __Pyx_uchar_cast(c) ((unsigned char)c)
#define __Pyx_long_cast(x) ((long)x)
#define __Pyx_fits_Py_ssize_t(v, type, is_signed)  (\
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    (sizeof(type) > sizeof(Py_ssize_t) &&\
          likely(v < (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX ||\
                 v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)  &&\
          (!is_signed || likely(v > (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MIN ||\
                                v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MIN)))  ||\
    (sizeof(type) == sizeof(Py_ssize_t) &&\
          (is_signed || likely(v < (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX ||\
                               v == (type)PY_SSIZE_T_MAX)))  )
#if defined (__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
    #include <cstdlib>
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) std::abs(value)
#elif SIZEOF_INT >= SIZEOF_SIZE_T
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) abs(value)
#elif SIZEOF_LONG >= SIZEOF_SIZE_T
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) labs(value)
#elif defined (_MSC_VER) && defined (_M_X64)
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) _abs64(value)
#elif defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) llabs(value)
#elif defined (__GNUC__)
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#else
    #define __Pyx_sst_abs(value) ((value<0) ? -value : value)
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static CYTHON_INLINE char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject*);
static CYTHON_INLINE char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject*, Py_ssize_t* length);
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#define __Pyx_PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize(s, l) PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize((const char*)s, l)
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#define __Pyx_PyBytes_FromStringAndSize PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char*);
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    #define __Pyx_PyStr_FromString        __Pyx_PyBytes_FromString
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#define __Pyx_PyObject_AsUString(s)    ((unsigned char*) __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(s))
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{
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#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromUnicodeAndLength PyUnicode_FromUnicode
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static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyInt_FromSize_t(size_t);
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#define __pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x) (PyFloat_CheckExact(x) ? PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(x) : PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
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#define __pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x) PyFloat_AsDouble(x)
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#define __pyx_PyFloat_AsFloat(x) ((float) __pyx_PyFloat_AsDouble(x))
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
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    if (!default_encoding) goto bad;
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        __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii = 0;
    } else {
        char ascii_chars[128];
        int c;
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            ascii_chars[c] = c;
        }
        __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii = 1;
        ascii_chars_u = PyUnicode_DecodeASCII(ascii_chars, 128, NULL);
        if (!ascii_chars_u) goto bad;
        ascii_chars_b = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(ascii_chars_u, default_encoding_c, NULL);
        if (!ascii_chars_b || !PyBytes_Check(ascii_chars_b) || memcmp(ascii_chars, PyBytes_AS_STRING(ascii_chars_b), 128) != 0) {
            PyErr_Format(
                PyExc_ValueError,
                "This module compiled with c_string_encoding=ascii, but default encoding '%.200s' is not a superset of ascii.",
                default_encoding_c);
            goto bad;
        }
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bad:
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    Py_XDECREF(ascii_chars_u);
    Py_XDECREF(ascii_chars_b);
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}
#endif
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(c_str, size, NULL)
#else
#define __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, size) PyUnicode_Decode(c_str, size, __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING, NULL)
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT
static char* __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING;
static int __Pyx_init_sys_getdefaultencoding_params(void) {
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    PyObject* default_encoding = NULL;
    char* default_encoding_c;
    sys = PyImport_ImportModule("sys");
    if (!sys) goto bad;
    default_encoding = PyObject_CallMethod(sys, (char*) (const char*) "getdefaultencoding", NULL);
    Py_DECREF(sys);
    if (!default_encoding) goto bad;
    default_encoding_c = PyBytes_AsString(default_encoding);
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    __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING = (char*) malloc(strlen(default_encoding_c));
    if (!__PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING) goto bad;
    strcpy(__PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING, default_encoding_c);
    Py_DECREF(default_encoding);
    return 0;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(default_encoding);
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#if defined(__GNUC__)     && (__GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 95)))
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  #define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
#else /* !__GNUC__ or GCC < 2.95 */
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static PyObject *__pyx_empty_tuple;
static PyObject *__pyx_empty_bytes;
static int __pyx_lineno;
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static const char *__pyx_filename;


static const char *__pyx_f[] = {
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};

/*--- Type declarations ---*/
struct __pyx_obj_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject;

/* "polymake/perl_object.pxd":16
 * cdef Main pm
 * 
 * cdef class PerlObject:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
 *     cdef pm_PerlObject * pm_obj  # underlying perl object
 *     cdef ref                     # reference to other perl object
 */
struct __pyx_obj_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject {
  PyObject_HEAD
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  PyObject *properties;
};


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static int __Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(PyObject *kwds, PyObject **argnames[],\
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static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ExceptionSave(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb);
static void __Pyx_ExceptionReset(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb);

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static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg);
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static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg);

static int __Pyx_GetException(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb);

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyDict_Keys(PyObject* d);

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static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallNoArg(PyObject *func);
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#define __Pyx_PyObject_CallNoArg(func) __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, __pyx_empty_tuple, NULL)
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static struct __Pyx_CodeObjectCache __pyx_code_cache = {0,0,NULL};
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static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line);
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static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname, int c_line,
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static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_long(long value);

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(PyObject *);

static int __Pyx_Print(PyObject*, PyObject *, int);
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static PyObject* __pyx_print = 0;
static PyObject* __pyx_print_kwargs = 0;
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static int __Pyx_PrintOne(PyObject* stream, PyObject *o);

static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(PyObject *);

static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void);

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#define __Pyx_PyObject_DelAttrStr(o,n) __Pyx_PyObject_SetAttrStr(o,n,NULL)
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_SetAttrStr(PyObject* obj, PyObject* attr_name, PyObject* value) {
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static int __Pyx_ExportVoidPtr(PyObject *name, void *p, const char *sig);

static int __Pyx_ExportFunction(const char *name, void (*f)(void), const char *sig);

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static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name);

static int __Pyx_ImportVoidPtr(PyObject *module, const char *name, void **p, const char *sig);

static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t);


/* Module declarations from 'libcpp' */

/* Module declarations from 'libc.string' */

/* Module declarations from 'libcpp.string' */

/* Module declarations from 'libc.stdio' */

/* Module declarations from 'cygmp.types' */

/* Module declarations from 'polymake.defs' */

/* Module declarations from 'polymake.properties' */
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_unknown = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_unknown (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_unknown)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_bool = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_bool (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_bool)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_int = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_int (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_int)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_integer = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_integer (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_integer)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_rational = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_rational (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_rational)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_int = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_int (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_int)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_string = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_string (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_array_string)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_set_int = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_set_int (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_set_int)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_integer = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_integer (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_integer)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_rational = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_rational (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_vector_rational)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_int = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_int (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_int)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_float = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_float (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_float)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_integer = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_integer (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_integer)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_rational = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_rational (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_matrix_rational)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_sparse_matrix_rational = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_sparse_matrix_rational (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_sparse_matrix_rational)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_polytope_rational = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_polytope_rational (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_polytope_rational)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_quadratic_extension = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_quadratic_extension (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_quadratic_extension)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_graph_undirected = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_graph_undirected (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_pm_type_graph_undirected)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_type_properties = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_type_properties (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_type_properties)
static PyObject **__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_handlers = 0;
#define __pyx_v_8polymake_10properties_handlers (*__pyx_vp_8polymake_10properties_handlers)

/* Module declarations from 'polymake.perl_object' */
static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject = 0;
static polymake::Main __pyx_v_8polymake_11perl_object_pm;
static int __pyx_v_8polymake_11perl_object_DEBUG;
static struct __pyx_obj_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject *__pyx_f_8polymake_11perl_object_wrap_perl_object(perl::Object); /*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_convert_PyObject_string_to_py_std__in_string(std::string const &); /*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_convert_PyUnicode_string_to_py_std__in_string(std::string const &); /*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_convert_PyStr_string_to_py_std__in_string(std::string const &); /*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_convert_PyBytes_string_to_py_std__in_string(std::string const &); /*proto*/
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__pyx_convert_PyByteArray_string_to_py_std__in_string(std::string const &); /*proto*/
#define __Pyx_MODULE_NAME "polymake.perl_object"
int __pyx_module_is_main_polymake__perl_object = 0;

/* Implementation of 'polymake.perl_object' */
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_ValueError;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_NotImplementedError;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_KeyError;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_hex;
static PyObject *__pyx_builtin_id;
static char __pyx_k__2[] = "{}<{}>";
static char __pyx_k_id[] = "id";
static char __pyx_k_pm[] = "pm";
static char __pyx_k_app[] = "app";
static char __pyx_k_end[] = "end";
static char __pyx_k_get[] = "get";
static char __pyx_k_hex[] = "hex";
static char __pyx_k_args[] = "args";
static char __pyx_k_file[] = "file";
static char __pyx_k_keys[] = "keys";
static char __pyx_k_main[] = "__main__";
static char __pyx_k_name[] = "name";
static char __pyx_k_prop[] = "prop";
static char __pyx_k_test[] = "__test__";
static char __pyx_k_class[] = "__class__";
static char __pyx_k_items[] = "items";
static char __pyx_k_print[] = "print";
static char __pyx_k_format[] = "format";
static char __pyx_k_pm_obj[] = "pm_obj";
static char __pyx_k_pm_type[] = "  pm_type = {}";
static char __pyx_k_KeyError[] = "KeyError";
static char __pyx_k_pyx_capi[] = "__pyx_capi__";
static char __pyx_k_pm_type_2[] = "pm_type";
static char __pyx_k_type_name[] = "type_name";
static char __pyx_k_ValueError[] = "ValueError";
static char __pyx_k_NOT_TO_BE_USED[] = "_NOT_TO_BE_USED_";
static char __pyx_k_NotImplementedError[] = "NotImplementedError";
static char __pyx_k_getattr___self_name[] = "__getattr__:\n  self = {}\n  name = {}";
static char __pyx_k_polymake_perl_object[] = "polymake.perl_object";
static char __pyx_k_unregistered_property[] = "  unregistered property...";
static char __pyx_k_call_polymake_function[] = "call_polymake_function";
static char __pyx_k_can_only_handle_0_3_arguments[] = "can only handle 0-3 arguments";
static char __pyx_k_Generic_method_to_get_a_propert[] = "\n        Generic method to get a property of the object\n\n        >>> import polymake\n        >>> p = polymake.cube(3)\n        >>> g = p._get_property('GRAPH')\n        >>> g\n        Graph<Undirected> as Polytope::Lattice::GRAPH<...>\n        >>> g._get_integer_property('N_NODES')\n        8\n        >>> g._get_integer_property('N_EDGES')\n        12\n        ";
static char __pyx_k_home_vincent_programming_pypoly[] = "/home/vincent/programming/pypolymake/src/polymake/perl_object.pyx";
static char __pyx_k_PerlObject__get_property_line_80[] = "PerlObject._get_property (line 80)";
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_Generic_method_to_get_a_propert;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_KeyError;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NOT_TO_BE_USED;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_NotImplementedError;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_u_PerlObject__get_property_line_80;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_ValueError;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s__2;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_app;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_args;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_call_polymake_function;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_can_only_handle_0_3_arguments;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_class;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_end;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_file;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_format;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_get;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_getattr___self_name;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_hex;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_home_vincent_programming_pypoly;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_id;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_items;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_keys;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_main;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_name;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_pm;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_pm_obj;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_pm_type;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_pm_type_2;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_polymake_perl_object;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_print;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_prop;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_pyx_capi;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_test;
static PyObject *__pyx_n_s_type_name;
static PyObject *__pyx_kp_s_unregistered_property;
static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8polymake_11perl_object__NOT_TO_BE_USED_(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self); /* proto */
static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8polymake_11perl_object_2call_polymake_function(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_app, PyObject *__pyx_v_name, PyObject *__pyx_v_args); /* proto */
static void __pyx_pf_8polymake_11perl_object_10PerlObject___dealloc__(struct __pyx_obj_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject *__pyx_v_self); /* proto */
static PyObject *__pyx_pf_8polymake_11perl_object_10PerlObject_2__getattr__(struct __pyx_obj_8polymake_11perl_object_PerlObject *__pyx_v_self, PyObject *__pyx_v_name); /* proto */
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    tstate->curexc_type = type;
    tstate->curexc_value = value;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
    PyErr_Restore(type, value, tb);
#endif
}
static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrFetch(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    *type = tstate->curexc_type;
    *value = tstate->curexc_value;
    *tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
    tstate->curexc_type = 0;
    tstate->curexc_value = 0;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
#else
    PyErr_Fetch(type, value, tb);
#endif
}

#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb,
                        CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *cause) {
    Py_XINCREF(type);
    if (!value || value == Py_None)
        value = NULL;
    else
        Py_INCREF(value);
    if (!tb || tb == Py_None)
        tb = NULL;
    else {
        Py_INCREF(tb);
        if (!PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
            goto raise_error;
        }
    }
    if (PyType_Check(type)) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
        if (!value) {
            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
            value = Py_None;
        }
#endif
        PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &tb);
    } else {
        if (value) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "instance exception may not have a separate value");
            goto raise_error;
        }
        value = type;
        type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(type);
        Py_INCREF(type);
        if (!PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)type, (PyTypeObject *)PyExc_BaseException)) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
            goto raise_error;
        }
    }
    __Pyx_ErrRestore(type, value, tb);
    return;
raise_error:
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    Py_XDECREF(type);
    Py_XDECREF(tb);
    return;
}
#else
static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb, PyObject *cause) {
    PyObject* owned_instance = NULL;
    if (tb == Py_None) {
        tb = 0;
    } else if (tb && !PyTraceBack_Check(tb)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
            "raise: arg 3 must be a traceback or None");
        goto bad;
    }
    if (value == Py_None)
        value = 0;
    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(type)) {
        if (value) {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                "instance exception may not have a separate value");
            goto bad;
        }
        value = type;
        type = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(value);
    } else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(type)) {
        PyObject *instance_class = NULL;
        if (value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
            instance_class = (PyObject*) Py_TYPE(value);
            if (instance_class != type) {
                int is_subclass = PyObject_IsSubclass(instance_class, type);
                if (!is_subclass) {
                    instance_class = NULL;
                } else if (unlikely(is_subclass == -1)) {
                    goto bad;
                } else {
                    type = instance_class;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!instance_class) {
            PyObject *args;
            if (!value)
                args = PyTuple_New(0);
            else if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
                Py_INCREF(value);
                args = value;
            } else
                args = PyTuple_Pack(1, value);
            if (!args)
                goto bad;
            owned_instance = PyObject_Call(type, args, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(args);
            if (!owned_instance)
                goto bad;
            value = owned_instance;
            if (!PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "calling %R should have returned an instance of "
                             "BaseException, not %R",
                             type, Py_TYPE(value));
                goto bad;
            }
        }
    } else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
            "raise: exception class must be a subclass of BaseException");
        goto bad;
    }
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03030000
    if (cause) {
#else
    if (cause && cause != Py_None) {
#endif
        PyObject *fixed_cause;
        if (cause == Py_None) {
            fixed_cause = NULL;
        } else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(cause)) {
            fixed_cause = PyObject_CallObject(cause, NULL);
            if (fixed_cause == NULL)
                goto bad;
        } else if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(cause)) {
            fixed_cause = cause;
            Py_INCREF(fixed_cause);
        } else {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                            "exception causes must derive from "
                            "BaseException");
            goto bad;
        }
        PyException_SetCause(value, fixed_cause);
    }
    PyErr_SetObject(type, value);
    if (tb) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
        PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
        PyErr_Fetch(&tmp_type, &tmp_value, &tmp_tb);
        Py_INCREF(tb);
        PyErr_Restore(tmp_type, tmp_value, tb);
        Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
        PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
        PyObject* tmp_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
        if (tb != tmp_tb) {
            Py_INCREF(tb);
            tstate->curexc_traceback = tb;
            Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
        }
#endif
    }
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(owned_instance);
    return;
}
#endif

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) {
    if (unlikely(!type)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
        return 0;
    }
    if (likely(PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type)))
        return 1;
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert %.200s to %.200s",
                 Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, type->tp_name);
    return 0;
}

static PyObject* __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemDefault(PyObject* d, PyObject* key, PyObject* default_value) {
    PyObject* value;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 && !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY
    value = PyDict_GetItemWithError(d, key);
    if (unlikely(!value)) {
        if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred()))
            return NULL;
        value = default_value;
    }
    Py_INCREF(value);
#else
    if (PyString_CheckExact(key) || PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) || PyInt_CheckExact(key)) {
        value = PyDict_GetItem(d, key);
        if (unlikely(!value)) {
            value = default_value;
        }
        Py_INCREF(value);
    } else {
        if (default_value == Py_None)
            default_value = NULL;
        value = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(
            d, __pyx_n_s_get, key, default_value, NULL);
    }
#endif
    return value;
}

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_Call(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg, PyObject *kw) {
    PyObject *result;
    ternaryfunc call = func->ob_type->tp_call;
    if (unlikely(!call))
        return PyObject_Call(func, arg, kw);
    if (unlikely(Py_EnterRecursiveCall((char*)" while calling a Python object")))
        return NULL;
    result = (*call)(func, arg, kw);
    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
    if (unlikely(!result) && unlikely(!PyErr_Occurred())) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            PyExc_SystemError,
            "NULL result without error in PyObject_Call");
    }
    return result;
}
#endif

static int __Pyx_TryUnpackUnboundCMethod(__Pyx_CachedCFunction* target) {
    PyObject *method;
    method = __Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr(target->type, *target->method_name);
    if (unlikely(!method))
        return -1;
    target->method = method;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (likely(PyObject_TypeCheck(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type)))
    #endif
    {
        PyMethodDescrObject *descr = (PyMethodDescrObject*) method;
        target->func = descr->d_method->ml_meth;
        target->flag = descr->d_method->ml_flags & (METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS | METH_O | METH_NOARGS);
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static PyObject* __Pyx__CallUnboundCMethod0(__Pyx_CachedCFunction* cfunc, PyObject* self) {
    PyObject *args, *result = NULL;
    if (unlikely(!cfunc->method) && unlikely(__Pyx_TryUnpackUnboundCMethod(cfunc) < 0)) return NULL;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    args = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (unlikely(!args)) goto bad;
    Py_INCREF(self);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, self);
#else
    args = PyTuple_Pack(1, self);
    if (unlikely(!args)) goto bad;
#endif
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(cfunc->method, args, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(args);
bad:
    return result;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyDict_Items(PyObject* d) {
    if (PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3)
        return __Pyx_CallUnboundCMethod0(&__pyx_umethod_PyDict_Type_items, d);
    else
        return PyDict_Items(d);
}

static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(Py_ssize_t expected) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "too many values to unpack (expected %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d)", expected);
}

static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNeedMoreValuesError(Py_ssize_t index) {
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                 "need more than %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d value%.1s to unpack",
                 index, (index == 1) ? "" : "s");
}

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_IterFinish(void) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject* exc_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    if (unlikely(exc_type)) {
        if (likely(exc_type == PyExc_StopIteration) || PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_type, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
            PyObject *exc_value, *exc_tb;
            exc_value = tstate->curexc_value;
            exc_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
            tstate->curexc_type = 0;
            tstate->curexc_value = 0;
            tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
            Py_DECREF(exc_type);
            Py_XDECREF(exc_value);
            Py_XDECREF(exc_tb);
            return 0;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
#else
    if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) {
        if (likely(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration))) {
            PyErr_Clear();
            return 0;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
#endif
}

static int __Pyx_IternextUnpackEndCheck(PyObject *retval, Py_ssize_t expected) {
    if (unlikely(retval)) {
        Py_DECREF(retval);
        __Pyx_RaiseTooManyValuesError(expected);
        return -1;
    } else {
        return __Pyx_IterFinish();
    }
    return 0;
}

static int __Pyx_PyBytes_SingleTailmatch(PyObject* self, PyObject* arg,
                                         Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end, int direction) {
    const char* self_ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(self);
    Py_ssize_t self_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(self);
    const char* sub_ptr;
    Py_ssize_t sub_len;
    int retval;
    Py_buffer view;
    view.obj = NULL;
    if ( PyBytes_Check(arg) ) {
        sub_ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
        sub_len = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(arg);
    }
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    else if ( PyUnicode_Check(arg) ) {
        return (int) PyUnicode_Tailmatch(self, arg, start, end, direction);
    }
#endif
    else {
        if (unlikely(PyObject_GetBuffer(self, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) == -1))
            return -1;
        sub_ptr = (const char*) view.buf;
        sub_len = view.len;
    }
    if (end > self_len)
        end = self_len;
    else if (end < 0)
        end += self_len;
    if (end < 0)
        end = 0;
    if (start < 0)
        start += self_len;
    if (start < 0)
        start = 0;
    if (direction > 0) {
        if (end-sub_len > start)
            start = end - sub_len;
    }
    if (start + sub_len <= end)
        retval = !memcmp(self_ptr+start, sub_ptr, (size_t)sub_len);
    else
        retval = 0;
    if (view.obj)
        PyBuffer_Release(&view);
    return retval;
}
static int __Pyx_PyBytes_Tailmatch(PyObject* self, PyObject* substr,
                                   Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end, int direction) {
    if (unlikely(PyTuple_Check(substr))) {
        Py_ssize_t i, count = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(substr);
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            int result;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
            result = __Pyx_PyBytes_SingleTailmatch(self, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(substr, i),
                                                   start, end, direction);
#else
            PyObject* sub = PySequence_ITEM(substr, i);
            if (unlikely(!sub)) return -1;
            result = __Pyx_PyBytes_SingleTailmatch(self, sub, start, end, direction);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
#endif
            if (result) {
                return result;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return __Pyx_PyBytes_SingleTailmatch(self, substr, start, end, direction);
}

static void __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid(
    const char* func_name,
    int exact,
    Py_ssize_t num_min,
    Py_ssize_t num_max,
    Py_ssize_t num_found)
{
    Py_ssize_t num_expected;
    const char *more_or_less;
    if (num_found < num_min) {
        num_expected = num_min;
        more_or_less = "at least";
    } else {
        num_expected = num_max;
        more_or_less = "at most";
    }
    if (exact) {
        more_or_less = "exactly";
    }
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                 "%.200s() takes %.8s %" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d positional argument%.1s (%" CYTHON_FORMAT_SSIZE_T "d given)",
                 func_name, more_or_less, num_expected,
                 (num_expected == 1) ? "" : "s", num_found);
}

static void __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(
    const char* func_name,
    PyObject* kw_name)
{
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
        "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%U'", func_name, kw_name);
        #else
        "%s() got multiple values for keyword argument '%s'", func_name,
        PyString_AsString(kw_name));
        #endif
}

static int __Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(
    PyObject *kwds,
    PyObject **argnames[],
    PyObject *kwds2,
    PyObject *values[],
    Py_ssize_t num_pos_args,
    const char* function_name)
{
    PyObject *key = 0, *value = 0;
    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
    PyObject*** name;
    PyObject*** first_kw_arg = argnames + num_pos_args;
    while (PyDict_Next(kwds, &pos, &key, &value)) {
        name = first_kw_arg;
        while (*name && (**name != key)) name++;
        if (*name) {
            values[name-argnames] = value;
            continue;
        }
        name = first_kw_arg;
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (likely(PyString_CheckExact(key)) || likely(PyString_Check(key))) {
            while (*name) {
                if ((CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || PyString_GET_SIZE(**name) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key))
                        && _PyString_Eq(**name, key)) {
                    values[name-argnames] = value;
                    break;
                }
                name++;
            }
            if (*name) continue;
            else {
                PyObject*** argname = argnames;
                while (argname != first_kw_arg) {
                    if ((**argname == key) || (
                            (CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY || PyString_GET_SIZE(**argname) == PyString_GET_SIZE(key))
                             && _PyString_Eq(**argname, key))) {
                        goto arg_passed_twice;
                    }
                    argname++;
                }
            }
        } else
        #endif
        if (likely(PyUnicode_Check(key))) {
            while (*name) {
                int cmp = (**name == key) ? 0 :
                #if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                    (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**name) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :
                #endif
                    PyUnicode_Compare(**name, key);
                if (cmp < 0 && unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) goto bad;
                if (cmp == 0) {
                    values[name-argnames] = value;
                    break;
                }
                name++;
            }
            if (*name) continue;
            else {
                PyObject*** argname = argnames;
                while (argname != first_kw_arg) {
                    int cmp = (**argname == key) ? 0 :
                    #if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
                        (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(**argname) != PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(key)) ? 1 :
                    #endif
                        PyUnicode_Compare(**argname, key);
                    if (cmp < 0 && unlikely(PyErr_Occurred())) goto bad;
                    if (cmp == 0) goto arg_passed_twice;
                    argname++;
                }
            }
        } else
            goto invalid_keyword_type;
        if (kwds2) {
            if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItem(kwds2, key, value))) goto bad;
        } else {
            goto invalid_keyword;
        }
    }
    return 0;
arg_passed_twice:
    __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(function_name, key);
    goto bad;
invalid_keyword_type:
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
        "%.200s() keywords must be strings", function_name);
    goto bad;
invalid_keyword:
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        "%.200s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%.200s'",
        function_name, PyString_AsString(key));
    #else
        "%s() got an unexpected keyword argument '%U'",
        function_name, key);
    #endif
bad:
    return -1;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(PyObject *o, PyObject* j) {
    PyObject *r;
    if (!j) return NULL;
    r = PyObject_GetItem(o, j);
    Py_DECREF(j);
    return r;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_List_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    if (wraparound & unlikely(i < 0)) i += PyList_GET_SIZE(o);
    if ((!boundscheck) || likely((0 <= i) & (i < PyList_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
        PyObject *r = PyList_GET_ITEM(o, i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
        return r;
    }
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
#else
    return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
#endif
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Tuple_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                              CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    if (wraparound & unlikely(i < 0)) i += PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o);
    if ((!boundscheck) || likely((0 <= i) & (i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
        PyObject *r = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
        return r;
    }
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
#else
    return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
#endif
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt_Fast(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, int is_list,
                                                     CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int wraparound,
                                                     CYTHON_NCP_UNUSED int boundscheck) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    if (is_list || PyList_CheckExact(o)) {
        Py_ssize_t n = ((!wraparound) | likely(i >= 0)) ? i : i + PyList_GET_SIZE(o);
        if ((!boundscheck) || (likely((n >= 0) & (n < PyList_GET_SIZE(o))))) {
            PyObject *r = PyList_GET_ITEM(o, n);
            Py_INCREF(r);
            return r;
        }
    }
    else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(o)) {
        Py_ssize_t n = ((!wraparound) | likely(i >= 0)) ? i : i + PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o);
        if ((!boundscheck) || likely((n >= 0) & (n < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)))) {
            PyObject *r = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, n);
            Py_INCREF(r);
            return r;
        }
    } else {
        PySequenceMethods *m = Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence;
        if (likely(m && m->sq_item)) {
            if (wraparound && unlikely(i < 0) && likely(m->sq_length)) {
                Py_ssize_t l = m->sq_length(o);
                if (likely(l >= 0)) {
                    i += l;
                } else {
                    if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OverflowError))
                        PyErr_Clear();
                    else
                        return NULL;
                }
            }
            return m->sq_item(o, i);
        }
    }
#else
    if (is_list || PySequence_Check(o)) {
        return PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
    }
#endif
    return __Pyx_GetItemInt_Generic(o, PyInt_FromSsize_t(i));
}

static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ExceptionSave(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    *type = tstate->exc_type;
    *value = tstate->exc_value;
    *tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    Py_XINCREF(*type);
    Py_XINCREF(*value);
    Py_XINCREF(*tb);
#else
    PyErr_GetExcInfo(type, value, tb);
#endif
}
static void __Pyx_ExceptionReset(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_type = type;
    tstate->exc_value = value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = tb;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
    PyErr_SetExcInfo(type, value, tb);
#endif
}

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *self, *result;
    PyCFunction cfunc;
    cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(func);
    self = PyCFunction_GET_SELF(func);
    if (unlikely(Py_EnterRecursiveCall((char*)" while calling a Python object")))
        return NULL;
    result = cfunc(self, arg);
    Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
    if (unlikely(!result) && unlikely(!PyErr_Occurred())) {
        PyErr_SetString(
            PyExc_SystemError,
            "NULL result without error in PyObject_Call");
    }
    return result;
}
#endif

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static PyObject* __Pyx__PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *result;
    PyObject *args = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (unlikely(!args)) return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, arg);
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(args);
    return result;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func) || PyObject_TypeCheck(func, __pyx_CyFunctionType))) {
#else
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func))) {
#endif
        if (likely(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_O)) {
            return __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(func, arg);
        }
    }
    return __Pyx__PyObject_CallOneArg(func, arg);
}
#else
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallOneArg(PyObject *func, PyObject *arg) {
    PyObject *result;
    PyObject *args = PyTuple_Pack(1, arg);
    if (unlikely(!args)) return NULL;
    result = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
    Py_DECREF(args);
    return result;
}
#endif

static int __Pyx_GetException(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyObject **tb) {
    PyObject *local_type, *local_value, *local_tb;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    local_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    local_value = tstate->curexc_value;
    local_tb = tstate->curexc_traceback;
    tstate->curexc_type = 0;
    tstate->curexc_value = 0;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = 0;
#else
    PyErr_Fetch(&local_type, &local_value, &local_tb);
#endif
    PyErr_NormalizeException(&local_type, &local_value, &local_tb);
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    if (unlikely(tstate->curexc_type))
#else
    if (unlikely(PyErr_Occurred()))
#endif
        goto bad;
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
    if (local_tb) {
        if (unlikely(PyException_SetTraceback(local_value, local_tb) < 0))
            goto bad;
    }
    #endif
    Py_XINCREF(local_tb);
    Py_XINCREF(local_type);
    Py_XINCREF(local_value);
    *type = local_type;
    *value = local_value;
    *tb = local_tb;
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
    tstate->exc_type = local_type;
    tstate->exc_value = local_value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = local_tb;
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
#else
    PyErr_SetExcInfo(local_type, local_value, local_tb);
#endif
    return 0;
bad:
    *type = 0;
    *value = 0;
    *tb = 0;
    Py_XDECREF(local_type);
    Py_XDECREF(local_value);
    Py_XDECREF(local_tb);
    return -1;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyDict_Keys(PyObject* d) {
    if (PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3)
        return __Pyx_CallUnboundCMethod0(&__pyx_umethod_PyDict_Type_keys, d);
    else
        return PyDict_Keys(d);
}

#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallNoArg(PyObject *func) {
#ifdef __Pyx_CyFunction_USED
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func) || PyObject_TypeCheck(func, __pyx_CyFunctionType))) {
#else
    if (likely(PyCFunction_Check(func))) {
#endif
        if (likely(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(func) & METH_NOARGS)) {
            return __Pyx_PyObject_CallMethO(func, NULL);
        }
    }
    return __Pyx_PyObject_Call(func, __pyx_empty_tuple, NULL);
}
#endif

static int __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries, int count, int code_line) {
    int start = 0, mid = 0, end = count - 1;
    if (end >= 0 && code_line > entries[end].code_line) {
        return count;
    }
    while (start < end) {
        mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
        if (code_line < entries[mid].code_line) {
            end = mid;
        } else if (code_line > entries[mid].code_line) {
             start = mid + 1;
        } else {
            return mid;
        }
    }
    if (code_line <= entries[mid].code_line) {
        return mid;
    } else {
        return mid + 1;
    }
}
static PyCodeObject *__pyx_find_code_object(int code_line) {
    PyCodeObject* code_object;
    int pos;
    if (unlikely(!code_line) || unlikely(!__pyx_code_cache.entries)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if (unlikely(pos >= __pyx_code_cache.count) || unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line != code_line)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    code_object = __pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_object;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
    return code_object;
}
static void __pyx_insert_code_object(int code_line, PyCodeObject* code_object) {
    int pos, i;
    __Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry* entries = __pyx_code_cache.entries;
    if (unlikely(!code_line)) {
        return;
    }
    if (unlikely(!entries)) {
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Malloc(64*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (likely(entries)) {
            __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
            __pyx_code_cache.max_count = 64;
            __pyx_code_cache.count = 1;
            entries[0].code_line = code_line;
            entries[0].code_object = code_object;
            Py_INCREF(code_object);
        }
        return;
    }
    pos = __pyx_bisect_code_objects(__pyx_code_cache.entries, __pyx_code_cache.count, code_line);
    if ((pos < __pyx_code_cache.count) && unlikely(__pyx_code_cache.entries[pos].code_line == code_line)) {
        PyCodeObject* tmp = entries[pos].code_object;
        entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return;
    }
    if (__pyx_code_cache.count == __pyx_code_cache.max_count) {
        int new_max = __pyx_code_cache.max_count + 64;
        entries = (__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry*)PyMem_Realloc(
            __pyx_code_cache.entries, (size_t)new_max*sizeof(__Pyx_CodeObjectCacheEntry));
        if (unlikely(!entries)) {
            return;
        }
        __pyx_code_cache.entries = entries;
        __pyx_code_cache.max_count = new_max;
    }
    for (i=__pyx_code_cache.count; i>pos; i--) {
        entries[i] = entries[i-1];
    }
    entries[pos].code_line = code_line;
    entries[pos].code_object = code_object;
    __pyx_code_cache.count++;
    Py_INCREF(code_object);
}

#include "compile.h"
#include "frameobject.h"
#include "traceback.h"
static PyCodeObject* __Pyx_CreateCodeObjectForTraceback(
            const char *funcname, int c_line,
            int py_line, const char *filename) {
    PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
    PyObject *py_srcfile = 0;
    PyObject *py_funcname = 0;
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    py_srcfile = PyString_FromString(filename);
    #else
    py_srcfile = PyUnicode_FromString(filename);
    #endif
    if (!py_srcfile) goto bad;
    if (c_line) {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        py_funcname = PyString_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, c_line);
        #else
        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromFormat( "%s (%s:%d)", funcname, __pyx_cfilenm, c_line);
        #endif
    }
    else {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        py_funcname = PyString_FromString(funcname);
        #else
        py_funcname = PyUnicode_FromString(funcname);
        #endif
    }
    if (!py_funcname) goto bad;
    py_code = __Pyx_PyCode_New(
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        __pyx_empty_bytes, /*PyObject *code,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *consts,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *names,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *varnames,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *freevars,*/
        __pyx_empty_tuple, /*PyObject *cellvars,*/
        py_srcfile,   /*PyObject *filename,*/
        py_funcname,  /*PyObject *name,*/
        py_line,
        __pyx_empty_bytes  /*PyObject *lnotab*/
    );
    Py_DECREF(py_srcfile);
    Py_DECREF(py_funcname);
    return py_code;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_srcfile);
    Py_XDECREF(py_funcname);
    return NULL;
}
static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname, int c_line,
                               int py_line, const char *filename) {
    PyCodeObject *py_code = 0;
    PyFrameObject *py_frame = 0;
    py_code = __pyx_find_code_object(c_line ? c_line : py_line);
    if (!py_code) {
        py_code = __Pyx_CreateCodeObjectForTraceback(
            funcname, c_line, py_line, filename);
        if (!py_code) goto bad;
        __pyx_insert_code_object(c_line ? c_line : py_line, py_code);
    }
    py_frame = PyFrame_New(
        PyThreadState_GET(), /*PyThreadState *tstate,*/
        py_code,             /*PyCodeObject *code,*/
        __pyx_d,      /*PyObject *globals,*/
        0                    /*PyObject *locals*/
    );
    if (!py_frame) goto bad;
    py_frame->f_lineno = py_line;
    PyTraceBack_Here(py_frame);
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_code);
    Py_XDECREF(py_frame);
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyInt_From_long(long value) {
    const long neg_one = (long) -1, const_zero = (long) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
    if (is_unsigned) {
        if (sizeof(long) < sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned PY_LONG_LONG) value);
        }
    } else {
        if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(long)) {
            return PyInt_FromLong((long) value);
        } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
            return PyLong_FromLongLong((PY_LONG_LONG) value);
        }
    }
    {
        int one = 1; int little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
        unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&value;
        return _PyLong_FromByteArray(bytes, sizeof(long),
                                     little, !is_unsigned);
    }
}

#define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value)\
    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 0)
#define __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(target_type, func_type, func_value)\
    __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, 1)
#define __PYX__VERIFY_RETURN_INT(target_type, func_type, func_value, exc)\
    {\
        func_type value = func_value;\
        if (sizeof(target_type) < sizeof(func_type)) {\
            if (unlikely(value != (func_type) (target_type) value)) {\
                func_type zero = 0;\
                if (exc && unlikely(value == (func_type)-1 && PyErr_Occurred()))\
                    return (target_type) -1;\
                if (is_unsigned && unlikely(value < zero))\
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;\
                else\
                    goto raise_overflow;\
            }\
        }\
        return (target_type) value;\
    }

#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
  #include "longintrepr.h"
#endif

static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(PyObject *x) {
    const int neg_one = (int) -1, const_zero = (int) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
        if (sizeof(int) < sizeof(long)) {
            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, PyInt_AS_LONG(x))
        } else {
            long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
            if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
            return (int) val;
        }
    } else
#endif
    if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
        if (is_unsigned) {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (int) 0;
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, digit, digits[0])
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) >= 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
            if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#else
            {
                int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(x, Py_False, Py_LT);
                if (unlikely(result < 0))
                    return (int) -1;
                if (unlikely(result == 1))
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, unsigned long, PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x))
            } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x))
            }
        } else {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (int) 0;
                case -1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, sdigit, -(sdigit) digits[0])
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int,  digit, +digits[0])
                case -2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((((int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, long, -(long) (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) (((int)-1)*(((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(int) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(int, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(int) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (int) ((((((((((int)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (int)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, long, PyLong_AsLong(x))
            } else if (sizeof(int) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(int, PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsLongLong(x))
            }
        }
        {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(_PyLong_AsByteArray)
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                            "_PyLong_AsByteArray() not available in PyPy, cannot convert large numbers");
#else
            int val;
            PyObject *v = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            if (likely(v) && !PyLong_Check(v)) {
                PyObject *tmp = v;
                v = PyNumber_Long(tmp);
                Py_DECREF(tmp);
            }
 #endif
            if (likely(v)) {
                int one = 1; int is_little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
                unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
                int ret = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)v,
                                              bytes, sizeof(val),
                                              is_little, !is_unsigned);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (likely(!ret))
                    return val;
            }
#endif
            return (int) -1;
        }
    } else {
        int val;
        PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
        if (!tmp) return (int) -1;
        val = __Pyx_PyInt_As_int(tmp);
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return val;
    }
raise_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "value too large to convert to int");
    return (int) -1;
raise_neg_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "can't convert negative value to int");
    return (int) -1;
}

#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetStdout(void) {
    PyObject *f = PySys_GetObject((char *)"stdout");
    if (!f) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout");
    }
    return f;
}
static int __Pyx_Print(PyObject* f, PyObject *arg_tuple, int newline) {
    int i;
    if (!f) {
        if (!(f = __Pyx_GetStdout()))
            return -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(f);
    for (i=0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(arg_tuple); i++) {
        PyObject* v;
        if (PyFile_SoftSpace(f, 1)) {
            if (PyFile_WriteString(" ", f) < 0)
                goto error;
        }
        v = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(arg_tuple, i);
        if (PyFile_WriteObject(v, f, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0)
            goto error;
        if (PyString_Check(v)) {
            char *s = PyString_AsString(v);
            Py_ssize_t len = PyString_Size(v);
            if (len > 0) {
                switch (s[len-1]) {
                    case ' ': break;
                    case '\f': case '\r': case '\n': case '\t': case '\v':
                        PyFile_SoftSpace(f, 0);
                        break;
                    default:  break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (newline) {
        if (PyFile_WriteString("\n", f) < 0)
            goto error;
        PyFile_SoftSpace(f, 0);
    }
    Py_DECREF(f);
    return 0;
error:
    Py_DECREF(f);
    return -1;
}
#else
static int __Pyx_Print(PyObject* stream, PyObject *arg_tuple, int newline) {
    PyObject* kwargs = 0;
    PyObject* result = 0;
    PyObject* end_string;
    if (unlikely(!__pyx_print)) {
        __pyx_print = PyObject_GetAttr(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s_print);
        if (!__pyx_print)
            return -1;
    }
    if (stream) {
        kwargs = PyDict_New();
        if (unlikely(!kwargs))
            return -1;
        if (unlikely(PyDict_SetItem(kwargs, __pyx_n_s_file, stream) < 0))
            goto bad;
        if (!newline) {
            end_string = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(" ", 1);
            if (unlikely(!end_string))
                goto bad;
            if (PyDict_SetItem(kwargs, __pyx_n_s_end, end_string) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(end_string);
                goto bad;
            }
            Py_DECREF(end_string);
        }
    } else if (!newline) {
        if (unlikely(!__pyx_print_kwargs)) {
            __pyx_print_kwargs = PyDict_New();
            if (unlikely(!__pyx_print_kwargs))
                return -1;
            end_string = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(" ", 1);
            if (unlikely(!end_string))
                return -1;
            if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_print_kwargs, __pyx_n_s_end, end_string) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(end_string);
                return -1;
            }
            Py_DECREF(end_string);
        }
        kwargs = __pyx_print_kwargs;
    }
    result = PyObject_Call(__pyx_print, arg_tuple, kwargs);
    if (unlikely(kwargs) && (kwargs != __pyx_print_kwargs))
        Py_DECREF(kwargs);
    if (!result)
        return -1;
    Py_DECREF(result);
    return 0;
bad:
    if (kwargs != __pyx_print_kwargs)
        Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
    return -1;
}
#endif

#if !CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
static int __Pyx_PrintOne(PyObject* f, PyObject *o) {
    if (!f) {
        if (!(f = __Pyx_GetStdout()))
            return -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(f);
    if (PyFile_SoftSpace(f, 0)) {
        if (PyFile_WriteString(" ", f) < 0)
            goto error;
    }
    if (PyFile_WriteObject(o, f, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0)
        goto error;
    if (PyFile_WriteString("\n", f) < 0)
        goto error;
    Py_DECREF(f);
    return 0;
error:
    Py_DECREF(f);
    return -1;
    /* the line below is just to avoid C compiler
     * warnings about unused functions */
    return __Pyx_Print(f, NULL, 0);
}
#else
static int __Pyx_PrintOne(PyObject* stream, PyObject *o) {
    int res;
    PyObject* arg_tuple = PyTuple_Pack(1, o);
    if (unlikely(!arg_tuple))
        return -1;
    res = __Pyx_Print(stream, arg_tuple, 1);
    Py_DECREF(arg_tuple);
    return res;
}
#endif

static CYTHON_INLINE long __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(PyObject *x) {
    const long neg_one = (long) -1, const_zero = (long) 0;
    const int is_unsigned = neg_one > const_zero;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (likely(PyInt_Check(x))) {
        if (sizeof(long) < sizeof(long)) {
            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, PyInt_AS_LONG(x))
        } else {
            long val = PyInt_AS_LONG(x);
            if (is_unsigned && unlikely(val < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
            return (long) val;
        }
    } else
#endif
    if (likely(PyLong_Check(x))) {
        if (is_unsigned) {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (long) 0;
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, digit, digits[0])
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) >= 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0]));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
            if (unlikely(Py_SIZE(x) < 0)) {
                goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#else
            {
                int result = PyObject_RichCompareBool(x, Py_False, Py_LT);
                if (unlikely(result < 0))
                    return (long) -1;
                if (unlikely(result == 1))
                    goto raise_neg_overflow;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, unsigned long, PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(x))
            } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(x))
            }
        } else {
#if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
            const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)x)->ob_digit;
            switch (Py_SIZE(x)) {
                case  0: return (long) 0;
                case -1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, sdigit, -(sdigit) digits[0])
                case  1: __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long,  digit, +digits[0])
                case -2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 1 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((((long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case -4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, long, -(long) (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) (((long)-1)*(((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    if (8 * sizeof(long) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                        if (8 * sizeof(unsigned long) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT(long, unsigned long, (((((((((unsigned long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (unsigned long)digits[0])))
                        } else if (8 * sizeof(long) - 1 > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
                            return (long) ((((((((((long)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (long)digits[0])));
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
#endif
            if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(long)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, long, PyLong_AsLong(x))
            } else if (sizeof(long) <= sizeof(PY_LONG_LONG)) {
                __PYX_VERIFY_RETURN_INT_EXC(long, PY_LONG_LONG, PyLong_AsLongLong(x))
            }
        }
        {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY && !defined(_PyLong_AsByteArray)
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                            "_PyLong_AsByteArray() not available in PyPy, cannot convert large numbers");
#else
            long val;
            PyObject *v = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
            if (likely(v) && !PyLong_Check(v)) {
                PyObject *tmp = v;
                v = PyNumber_Long(tmp);
                Py_DECREF(tmp);
            }
 #endif
            if (likely(v)) {
                int one = 1; int is_little = (int)*(unsigned char *)&one;
                unsigned char *bytes = (unsigned char *)&val;
                int ret = _PyLong_AsByteArray((PyLongObject *)v,
                                              bytes, sizeof(val),
                                              is_little, !is_unsigned);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (likely(!ret))
                    return val;
            }
#endif
            return (long) -1;
        }
    } else {
        long val;
        PyObject *tmp = __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(x);
        if (!tmp) return (long) -1;
        val = __Pyx_PyInt_As_long(tmp);
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
        return val;
    }
raise_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "value too large to convert to long");
    return (long) -1;
raise_neg_overflow:
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
        "can't convert negative value to long");
    return (long) -1;
}

static int __Pyx_check_binary_version(void) {
    char ctversion[4], rtversion[4];
    PyOS_snprintf(ctversion, 4, "%d.%d", PY_MAJOR_VERSION, PY_MINOR_VERSION);
    PyOS_snprintf(rtversion, 4, "%s", Py_GetVersion());
    if (ctversion[0] != rtversion[0] || ctversion[2] != rtversion[2]) {
        char message[200];
        PyOS_snprintf(message, sizeof(message),
                      "compiletime version %s of module '%.100s' "
                      "does not match runtime version %s",
                      ctversion, __Pyx_MODULE_NAME, rtversion);
        return PyErr_WarnEx(NULL, message, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int __Pyx_ExportVoidPtr(PyObject *name, void *p, const char *sig) {
    PyObject *d;
    PyObject *cobj = 0;
    d = PyDict_GetItem(__pyx_d, __pyx_n_s_pyx_capi);
    Py_XINCREF(d);
    if (!d) {
        d = PyDict_New();
        if (!d)
            goto bad;
        if (__Pyx_PyObject_SetAttrStr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s_pyx_capi, d) < 0)
            goto bad;
    }
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02070000
    cobj = PyCapsule_New(p, sig, 0);
#else
    cobj = PyCObject_FromVoidPtrAndDesc(p, (void *)sig, 0);
#endif
    if (!cobj)
        goto bad;
    if (PyDict_SetItem(d, name, cobj) < 0)
        goto bad;
    Py_DECREF(cobj);
    Py_DECREF(d);
    return 0;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(cobj);
    Py_XDECREF(d);
    return -1;
}

static int __Pyx_ExportFunction(const char *name, void (*f)(void), const char *sig) {
    PyObject *d = 0;
    PyObject *cobj = 0;
    union {
        void (*fp)(void);
        void *p;
    } tmp;
    d = PyObject_GetAttrString(__pyx_m, (char *)"__pyx_capi__");
    if (!d) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        d = PyDict_New();
        if (!d)
            goto bad;
        Py_INCREF(d);
        if (PyModule_AddObject(__pyx_m, (char *)"__pyx_capi__", d) < 0)
            goto bad;
    }
    tmp.fp = f;
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02070000
    cobj = PyCapsule_New(tmp.p, sig, 0);
#else
    cobj = PyCObject_FromVoidPtrAndDesc(tmp.p, (void *)sig, 0);
#endif
    if (!cobj)
        goto bad;
    if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, name, cobj) < 0)
        goto bad;
    Py_DECREF(cobj);
    Py_DECREF(d);
    return 0;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(cobj);
    Py_XDECREF(d);
    return -1;
}

#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportModule
static PyObject *__Pyx_ImportModule(const char *name) {
    PyObject *py_name = 0;
    PyObject *py_module = 0;
    py_name = __Pyx_PyIdentifier_FromString(name);
    if (!py_name)
        goto bad;
    py_module = PyImport_Import(py_name);
    Py_DECREF(py_name);
    return py_module;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_name);
    return 0;
}
#endif

#ifndef __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportVoidPtr
#define __PYX_HAVE_RT_ImportVoidPtr
static int __Pyx_ImportVoidPtr(PyObject *module, const char *name, void **p, const char *sig) {
    PyObject *d = 0;
    PyObject *cobj = 0;
    d = PyObject_GetAttrString(module, (char *)"__pyx_capi__");
    if (!d)
        goto bad;
    cobj = PyDict_GetItemString(d, name);
    if (!cobj) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,
            "%.200s does not export expected C variable %.200s",
                PyModule_GetName(module), name);
        goto bad;
    }
#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x02070000
    if (!PyCapsule_IsValid(cobj, sig)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
            "C variable %.200s.%.200s has wrong signature (expected %.500s, got %.500s)",
             PyModule_GetName(module), name, sig, PyCapsule_GetName(cobj));
        goto bad;
    }
    *p = PyCapsule_GetPointer(cobj, sig);
#else
    {const char *desc, *s1, *s2;
    desc = (const char *)PyCObject_GetDesc(cobj);
    if (!desc)
        goto bad;
    s1 = desc; s2 = sig;
    while (*s1 != '\0' && *s1 == *s2) { s1++; s2++; }
    if (*s1 != *s2) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
            "C variable %.200s.%.200s has wrong signature (expected %.500s, got %.500s)",
             PyModule_GetName(module), name, sig, desc);
        goto bad;
    }
    *p = PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(cobj);}
#endif
    if (!(*p))
        goto bad;
    Py_DECREF(d);
    return 0;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(d);
    return -1;
}
#endif

static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t) {
    while (t->p) {
        #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
        if (t->is_unicode) {
            *t->p = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(t->s, t->n - 1, NULL);
        } else if (t->intern) {
            *t->p = PyString_InternFromString(t->s);
        } else {
            *t->p = PyString_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
        }
        #else
        if (t->is_unicode | t->is_str) {
            if (t->intern) {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_InternFromString(t->s);
            } else if (t->encoding) {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_Decode(t->s, t->n - 1, t->encoding, NULL);
            } else {
                *t->p = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
            }
        } else {
            *t->p = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(t->s, t->n - 1);
        }
        #endif
        if (!*t->p)
            return -1;
        ++t;
    }
    return 0;
}

static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromString(const char* c_str) {
    return __Pyx_PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(c_str, (Py_ssize_t)strlen(c_str));
}
static CYTHON_INLINE char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsString(PyObject* o) {
    Py_ssize_t ignore;
    return __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(o, &ignore);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE char* __Pyx_PyObject_AsStringAndSize(PyObject* o, Py_ssize_t *length) {
#if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON && (__PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII || __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_DEFAULT)
    if (
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3 && __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
            __Pyx_sys_getdefaultencoding_not_ascii &&
#endif
            PyUnicode_Check(o)) {
#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
        char* defenc_c;
        PyObject* defenc = _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(o, NULL);
        if (!defenc) return NULL;
        defenc_c = PyBytes_AS_STRING(defenc);
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
        {
            char* end = defenc_c + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(defenc);
            char* c;
            for (c = defenc_c; c < end; c++) {
                if ((unsigned char) (*c) >= 128) {
                    PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
                    return NULL;
                }
            }
        }
#endif
        *length = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(defenc);
        return defenc_c;
#else
        if (__Pyx_PyUnicode_READY(o) == -1) return NULL;
#if __PYX_DEFAULT_STRING_ENCODING_IS_ASCII
        if (PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(o)) {
            *length = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(o);
            return PyUnicode_AsUTF8(o);
        } else {
            PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(o);
            return NULL;
        }
#else
        return PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(o, length);
#endif
#endif
    } else
#endif
#if (!CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_PYPY) || (defined(PyByteArray_AS_STRING) && defined(PyByteArray_GET_SIZE))
    if (PyByteArray_Check(o)) {
        *length = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(o);
        return PyByteArray_AS_STRING(o);
    } else
#endif
    {
        char* result;
        int r = PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(o, &result, length);
        if (unlikely(r < 0)) {
            return NULL;
        } else {
            return result;
        }
    }
}
static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject* x) {
   int is_true = x == Py_True;
   if (is_true | (x == Py_False) | (x == Py_None)) return is_true;
   else return PyObject_IsTrue(x);
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyNumber_Int(PyObject* x) {
  PyNumberMethods *m;
  const char *name = NULL;
  PyObject *res = NULL;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (PyInt_Check(x) || PyLong_Check(x))
#else
  if (PyLong_Check(x))
#endif
    return __Pyx_NewRef(x);
  m = Py_TYPE(x)->tp_as_number;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (m && m->nb_int) {
    name = "int";
    res = PyNumber_Int(x);
  }
  else if (m && m->nb_long) {
    name = "long";
    res = PyNumber_Long(x);
  }
#else
  if (m && m->nb_int) {
    name = "int";
    res = PyNumber_Long(x);
  }
#endif
  if (res) {
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
    if (!PyInt_Check(res) && !PyLong_Check(res)) {
#else
    if (!PyLong_Check(res)) {
#endif
      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                   "__%.4s__ returned non-%.4s (type %.200s)",
                   name, name, Py_TYPE(res)->tp_name);
      Py_DECREF(res);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  else if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                    "an integer is required");
  }
  return res;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE Py_ssize_t __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(PyObject* b) {
  Py_ssize_t ival;
  PyObject *x;
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
  if (likely(PyInt_CheckExact(b))) {
    if (sizeof(Py_ssize_t) >= sizeof(long))
        return PyInt_AS_LONG(b);
    else
        return PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
  }
#endif
  if (likely(PyLong_CheckExact(b))) {
    #if CYTHON_USE_PYLONG_INTERNALS
    const digit* digits = ((PyLongObject*)b)->ob_digit;
    const Py_ssize_t size = Py_SIZE(b);
    if (likely(__Pyx_sst_abs(size) <= 1)) {
        ival = likely(size) ? digits[0] : 0;
        if (size == -1) ival = -ival;
        return ival;
    } else {
      switch (size) {
         case 2:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -2:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 2 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case 3:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((((size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -3:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 3 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((((size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case 4:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return (Py_ssize_t) (((((((((size_t)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
         case -4:
           if (8 * sizeof(Py_ssize_t) > 4 * PyLong_SHIFT) {
             return -(Py_ssize_t) (((((((((size_t)digits[3]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[2]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[1]) << PyLong_SHIFT) | (size_t)digits[0]));
           }
           break;
      }
    }
    #endif
    return PyLong_AsSsize_t(b);
  }
  x = PyNumber_Index(b);
  if (!x) return -1;
  ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(x);
  Py_DECREF(x);
  return ival;
}
static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject * __Pyx_PyInt_FromSize_t(size_t ival) {
    return PyInt_FromSize_t(ival);
}


#endif /* Py_PYTHON_H */
