#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
NAME:
    sparser.py  

SYNOPSIS:
    sparser.py [options] filename

DESCRIPTION:
    The sparser.py script is a Specified PARSER.  It is unique (as far as I can
    tell) because it doesn't care about the delimiter(s).  The user specifies
    what is expected, and the order, for each line of text.  All of the heavy
    lifting is handled by pyparsing (http://pyparsing.sf.net).

OPTIONS:
    -h,--help        this message
    -v,--version     version
    -d,--debug       turn on debug messages

EXAMPLES:
    1. As standalone
        sparser.py myfile
    2. As library
        import sparser
        ...

#Copyright (C) 2006  Tim Cera timcera@earthlink.net
#
#
#    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#    under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
#    Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
#    any later version.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
#    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
#    or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
#    for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
#    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
#    675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
"""

#===imports======================
import sys
import os
import getopt
import re
import gzip

from pyparsing import *


#===globals======================
modname = "sparser"
__version__ = "0.1"


#--option args--
debug_p = 0
#opt_b=None  #string arg, default is undefined


#---positional args, default is empty---
pargs = []    


#---other---


#===utilities====================
def msg(txt):
    """Send message to stdout."""
    sys.stdout.write(txt)
    sys.stdout.flush()

def debug(ftn, txt):
    """Used for debugging."""
    if debug_p:
        sys.stdout.write("%s.%s:%s\n" % (modname, ftn, txt))
        sys.stdout.flush()

def fatal(ftn, txt):
    """If can't continue."""
    msg = "%s.%s:FATAL:%s\n" % (modname, ftn, txt)
    raise SystemExit, msg
 
def usage():
    """Prints the docstring."""
    print __doc__



#====================================
class ToInteger(TokenConverter):
    """Converter to make token into an integer."""
    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
        return int(tokenlist[0])

class ToFloat(TokenConverter):
    """Converter to make token into a float."""
    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
        return float(tokenlist[0])

class ParseFileLineByLine:
    """
    Bring data from text files into a program, optionally parsing each line
    according to specifications in a parse definition file.

    ParseFileLineByLine instances can be used like normal file objects (i.e. by
    calling readline(), readlines(), and write()), but can also be used as
    sequences of lines in for-loops.

    ParseFileLineByLine objects also handle compression transparently. i.e. it
    is possible to read lines from a compressed text file as if it were not
    compressed.  Compression is deduced from the file name suffixes '.Z'
    (compress/uncompress), '.gz' (gzip/gunzip), and '.bz2' (bzip2).

    The parse definition file name is developed based on the input file name.
    If the input file name is 'basename.ext', then the definition file is
    'basename_def.ext'.  If a definition file specific to the input file is not
    found, then the program searches for the file 'sparse.def' which would be
    the definition file for all files in that directory without a file specific
    definition file.

    Finally, ParseFileLineByLine objects accept file names that start with '~'
    or '~user' to indicate a home directory, as well as URLs (for reading
    only).

    Constructor: 
    ParseFileLineByLine(|filename|, |mode|='"r"'), where |filename| is the name
    of the file (or a URL) and |mode| is one of '"r"' (read), '"w"' (write) or
    '"a"' (append, not supported for .Z files).  
    """

    def __init__(self, filename, mode = 'r'):
        """Opens input file, and if available the definition file.  If the
        definition file is available __init__ will then create some pyparsing
        helper variables.  """
        if mode not in ['r', 'w', 'a']:
            raise IOError, (0, 'Illegal mode: ' + repr(mode))

        if string.find(filename, ':/') > 1: # URL
            if mode == 'w':
                raise IOError, "can't write to a URL"
            import urllib
            self.file = urllib.urlopen(filename)
        else:
            filename = os.path.expanduser(filename)
            if mode == 'r' or mode == 'a':
                if not os.path.exists(filename):
                    raise IOError, (2, 'No such file or directory: ' + filename)
            filen, file_extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
            command_dict = {
              ('.Z', 'r'): 
                "self.file = os.popen('uncompress -c ' + filename, mode)",
              ('.gz', 'r'): 
                "self.file = gzip.GzipFile(filename, 'rb')",
              ('.bz2', 'r'): 
                "self.file = os.popen('bzip2 -dc ' + filename, mode)",
              ('.Z', 'w'): 
                "self.file = os.popen('compress > ' + filename, mode)",
              ('.gz', 'w'): 
                "self.file = gzip.GzipFile(filename, 'wb')",
              ('.bz2', 'w'): 
                "self.file = os.popen('bzip2 > ' + filename, mode)",
              ('.Z', 'a'): 
                "raise IOError, (0, 'Can\'t append to .Z files')",
              ('.gz', 'a'): 
                "self.file = gzip.GzipFile(filename, 'ab')",
              ('.bz2', 'a'): 
                "raise IOError, (0, 'Can\'t append to .bz2 files')",
                           }

            exec command_dict.get((file_extension, mode), 
                                  'self.file = open(filename, mode)')

        self.grammar = None

        # Try to find a parse ('*_def.ext') definition file.  First try to find
        # a file specific parse definition file, then look for 'sparse.def'
        # that would be the definition file for all files within the directory.

        # The definition file is pure Python.  The one variable that needs to
        # be specified is 'parse'.  The 'parse' variable is a list of tuples
        # defining the name, type, and because it is a list, the order of
        # variables on each line in the data file.  The variable name is a
        # string, the type variable is defined as integer, real, and qString.

        # parse = [
        #          ('year', integer),
        #          ('month', integer),
        #          ('day', integer),
        #          ('value', real),
        #         ]

        definition_file_one = filen + "_def" + file_extension
        definition_file_two = os.path.dirname(filen) + os.sep + "sparse.def"
        if os.path.exists(definition_file_one):
            self.parsedef = definition_file_one
        elif os.path.exists(definition_file_two):
            self.parsedef = definition_file_two
        else:
            self.parsedef = None
            return None

        # Create some handy pyparsing constructs.  I kept 'decimal_sep' so that
        # could easily change to parse if the decimal separator is a ",".
        decimal_sep = "."
        sign = oneOf("+ -")
        # part of printables without decimal_sep, +, -
        special_chars = string.replace('!"#$%&\'()*,./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~', 
                                       decimal_sep, "") 
        integer = ToInteger(
                  Combine(Optional(sign) + 
                          Word(nums))).setName("integer")
        positive_integer = ToInteger(
                           Combine(Optional("+") + 
                                   Word(nums))).setName("integer")
        negative_integer = ToInteger(
                           Combine("-" + 
                                   Word(nums))).setName("integer")
        real = ToFloat(
               Combine(Optional(sign) + 
                       Word(nums) + 
                       decimal_sep + 
                       Optional(Word(nums)) + 
                       Optional(oneOf("E e") + 
                                Word(nums)))).setName("real")
        positive_real = ToFloat(
                        Combine(Optional("+") + 
                                Word(nums) + 
                                decimal_sep + 
                                Optional(Word(nums)) + 
                                Optional(oneOf("E e") + 
                                         Word(nums)))).setName("real")
        negative_real = ToFloat(
                        Combine("-" + 
                                Word(nums) + 
                                decimal_sep + 
                                Optional(Word(nums)) + 
                                Optional(oneOf("E e") + 
                                         Word(nums)))).setName("real")
        qString = ( sglQuotedString | dblQuotedString ).setName("qString")
    
        # add other characters we should skip over between interesting fields
        integer_junk = Optional(
                       Suppress(
                       Word(alphas + 
                            special_chars + 
                            decimal_sep))).setName("integer_junk")
        real_junk = Optional(
                    Suppress(
                    Word(alphas + 
                         special_chars))).setName("real_junk")
        qString_junk = SkipTo(qString).setName("qString_junk")

        # Now that 'integer', 'real', and 'qString' have been assigned I can
        # execute the definition file.  
        execfile(self.parsedef)

        # Build the grammar, combination of the 'integer', 'real, 'qString',
        # and '*_junk' variables assigned above in the order specified in the
        # definition file.
        grammar = []
        for nam, expr in parse:
            grammar.append( eval(expr.name + "_junk"))
            grammar.append( expr.setResultsName(nam) )
        self.grammar = And( grammar[1:] + [restOfLine] )

    def __del__(self):
        """Delete (close) the file wrapper."""
        self.close()

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        """Used in 'for line in fp:' idiom."""
        line = self.readline()
        if not line:
            raise IndexError
        return line

    def readline(self):
        """Reads (and optionally parses) a single line."""
        line = self.file.readline()
        if self.grammar and line:
            try:
                return self.grammar.parseString(line).asDict()
            except ParseException:
                return self.readline()
        else:
            return line

    def readlines(self):
        """Returns a list of all lines (optionally parsed) in the file."""
        if self.grammar:
            tot = []
            # Used this way instead of a 'for' loop against
            # self.file.readlines() so that there wasn't two copies of the file
            # in memory.
            while 1:
                line = self.file.readline()
                if not line:
                    break
                tot.append(line)
            return tot
        return self.file.readlines()

    def write(self, data):
        """Write to a file."""
        self.file.write(data)

    def writelines(self, list):
        """Write a list to a file. Each item in the list is a line in the
        file.
        """
        for line in list:
            self.file.write(line)

    def close(self):
        """Close the file."""
        self.file.close()

    def flush(self):
        """Flush in memory contents to file."""
        self.file.flush()


#=============================
def main(pargs):
    """This should only be used for testing. The primary mode of operation is
    as an imported library.
    """
    input_file = sys.argv[1]
    fp = ParseFileLineByLine(input_file)
    for i in fp:
        print i

    
#-------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    ftn = "main"
    opts, pargs = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hvd',
                 ['help', 'version', 'debug', 'bb='])
    for opt in opts:
        if opt[0] == '-h' or opt[0] == '--help':
            print modname+": version="+__version__
            usage()
            sys.exit(0)
        elif opt[0] == '-v' or opt[0] == '--version':
            print modname+": version="+__version__
            sys.exit(0)
        elif opt[0] == '-d' or opt[0] == '--debug':
            debug_p = 1
        elif opt[0] == '--bb':
            opt_b = opt[1]

    #---make the object and run it---
    main(pargs)

#===Revision Log===
#Created by mkpythonproj:
#2006-02-06  Tim Cera  
#
