1

2# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

3

4 u'''Utilities for point lists, tuples, etc.

5

6 Functions to handle collections and sequences of C{LatLon} points

7 specified as 2-d U{NumPy<https://www.NumPy.org>}, C{arrays} or tuples

8 as C{LatLon} or as C{pseudo-x/-y} pairs.

9

10 C{NumPy} arrays are assumed to contain rows of points with a lat-, a

11 longitude -and possibly other- values in different columns. While

12 iterating over the array rows, create an instance of a given C{LatLon}

13 class "on-the-fly" for each row with the row's lat- and longitude.

14

15 The original C{NumPy} array is read-accessed only and never duplicated,

16 except to return a I{subset} of the original array.

17

18 For example, to process a C{NumPy} array, wrap the array by instantiating

19 class L{Numpy2LatLon} and specifying the column index for the lat- and

20 longitude in each row. Then, pass the L{Numpy2LatLon} instance to any

21 L{pygeodesy} function or method accepting a I{points} argument.

22

23 Similarly, class L{Tuple2LatLon} is used to instantiate a C{LatLon} from

24 each 2+tuple in a sequence of such 2+tuples using the C{ilat} lat- and

25 C{ilon} longitude index in each 2+tuple.

26'''

27

28 from pygeodesy.basics import isclass, isint, isscalar, issequence, \

29 _xdup, issubclassof, _Sequence, _xcopy, \

30 _xinstanceof

31 from pygeodesy.constants import EPS, EPS1, PI_2, R_M, isnear0, isnear1, \

32 _umod_360, _0_0, _0_5, _1_0, _2_0, _6_0, \

33 _90_0, _N_90_0, _180_0, _360_0

34# from pygeodesy.datums import _spherical_datum # from .formy

35 from pygeodesy.dms import F_D, parseDMS

36 from pygeodesy.errors import CrossError, crosserrors, _IndexError, \

37 _IsnotError, _TypeError, _ValueError, \

38 _xattr, _xkwds, _xkwds_item2, _xkwds_pop2

39 from pygeodesy.fmath import favg, fdot, hypot, Fsum, fsum

40# from pygeodesy.fsums import Fsum, fsum # from .fmath

41 from pygeodesy.formy import _bearingTo2, equirectangular4, _spherical_datum

42 from pygeodesy.interns import NN, _colinear_, _COMMASPACE_, _composite_, \

43 _DEQUALSPACED_, _ELLIPSIS_, _EW_, _immutable_, \

44 _near_, _no_, _NS_, _point_, _SPACE_, _UNDER_, \

45 _valid_ # _lat_, _lon_

46 from pygeodesy.iters import LatLon2PsxyIter, PointsIter, points2

47 from pygeodesy.latlonBase import LatLonBase, _latlonheight3, \

48 _ALL_DOCS, _ALL_LAZY, _MODS

49# from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_DOCS, _ALL_LAZY, _ALL_MODS as _MODS

50 from pygeodesy.named import classname, _NamedTuple, nameof, \

51 notImplemented, notOverloaded

52 from pygeodesy.namedTuples import Bounds2Tuple, Bounds4Tuple, LatLon2Tuple, \

53 NearestOn3Tuple, NearestOn5Tuple, \

54 Point3Tuple, Vector3Tuple, \

55 PhiLam2Tuple # PYCHOK shared

56 from pygeodesy.props import Property_RO, property_doc_, property_RO

57 from pygeodesy.streprs import Fmt, instr

58 from pygeodesy.units import Number_, Radius, Scalar, Scalar_

59 from pygeodesy.utily import atan2b, degrees90, degrees180, degrees2m, \

60 unroll180, _unrollon, unrollPI, _Wrap, wrap180

61

62 from math import cos, fabs, fmod as _fmod, radians, sin

63

64__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.points

65__version__ = '24.10.24'

66

67_ilat_ = 'ilat'

68_ilon_ = 'ilon'

69_ncols_ = 'ncols'

70_nrows_ = 'nrows'

71

72

73 class LatLon_(LatLonBase): # XXX in heights._HeightBase.height

74 '''Low-overhead C{LatLon} class, mainly for L{Numpy2LatLon} and L{Tuple2LatLon}.

75 '''

76 # __slots__ efficiency is voided if the __slots__ class attribute is

77 # used in a subclass of a class with the traditional __dict__, @see

78 # <https://docs.Python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#slots> plus ...

79 #

80 # __slots__ must be repeated in sub-classes, @see Luciano Ramalho,

81 # "Fluent Python", O'Reilly, 2016 p. 276+ "Problems with __slots__",

82 # 2nd Ed, 2022 p. 390 "Summarizing the Issues with __slots__".

83 #

84 # __slots__ = (_lat_, _lon_, _height_, _datum_, _name_)

85 # Property_RO = property_RO # no __dict__ with __slots__!

86 #

87 # In addition, both size and overhead have shrunk in recent Python:

88 #

89 # sys.getsizeof(LatLon_(1, 2)) is 72-88 I{with} __slots__, but

90 # only 48-56 bytes I{without in Python 2.7.18+ and Python 3+}.

91 #

92 # python3 -m timeit -s "from pygeodesy... import LatLonBase as LL" "LL(0, 0)" 2.14 usec

93 # python3 -m timeit -s "from pygeodesy import LatLon_" "LatLon_(0, 0)" 216 nsec

94

95 def __init__(self, latlonh, lon=None, height=0, wrap=False, datum=None, **name):

96 '''New L{LatLon_}.

97

98 @note: The lat- and longitude values are taken I{as-given,

99 un-clipped and un-validated}.

100

101 @see: L{latlonBase.LatLonBase} for further details.

102 '''

103 if name:

104 self.name = name

105

106 if lon is None: # PYCHOK no cover

107 lat, lon, height = _latlonheight3(latlonh, height, wrap)

108 elif wrap: # PYCHOK no cover

109 lat, lon = _Wrap.latlonDMS2(latlonh, lon)

110 else: # must be latNS, lonEW

111 try:

112 lat, lon = float(latlonh), float(lon)

113 except (TypeError, ValueError):

114 lat = parseDMS(latlonh, suffix=_NS_)

115 lon = parseDMS(lon, suffix=_EW_)

116

117 # get the minimal __dict__, see _isLatLon_ below

118 self._lat = lat # un-clipped and ...

119 self._lon = lon # ... un-validated

120 self._datum = None if datum is None else \

121 _spherical_datum(datum, name=self.name)

122 self._height = height

123

124 def __eq__(self, other):

125 return isinstance(other, LatLon_) and \

126 other.lat == self.lat and \

127 other.lon == self.lon

128

129 def __ne__(self, other):

130 return not self.__eq__(other)

131

132 @Property_RO

133 def datum(self):

134 '''Get the C{datum} (L{Datum}) or C{None}.

135 '''

136 return self._datum

137

138 def intermediateTo(self, other, fraction, height=None, wrap=False):

139 '''Locate the point at a given fraction, I{linearly} between

140 (or along) this and an other point.

141

142 @arg other: The other point (C{LatLon}).

143 @arg fraction: Fraction between both points (C{float},

144 0.0 for this and 1.0 for the other point).

145 @kwarg height: Optional height (C{meter}), overriding the

146 intermediate height.

147 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll

148 the B{C{other}} point (C{bool}).

149

150 @return: Intermediate point (same C{LatLon} class).

151

152 @raise TypeError: Incompatible B{C{other}} C{type}.

153 '''

154 f = Scalar(fraction=fraction)

155 if isnear0(f):

156 r = self

157 else:

158 r = self.others(other)

159 if wrap or not isnear1(f):

160 _, lat, lon = _Wrap.latlon3(self.lon, r.lat, r.lon, wrap)

161 lat = favg(self.lat, lat, f=f)

162 lon = favg(self.lon, lon, f=f)

163 h = height if height is not None else \

164 favg(self.height, r.height, f=f)

165 # = self._havg(r, f=f, h=height)

166 r = self.classof(lat, lon, height=h, datum=r.datum,

167 name=r.intermediateTo.__name__)

168 return r

169

170 def toRepr(self, **kwds):

171 '''This L{LatLon_} as a string "class(<degrees>, ...)",

172 ignoring keyword argument C{B{std}=N/A}.

173

174 @see: L{latlonBase.LatLonBase.toRepr} for further details.

175 '''

176 _, kwds = _xkwds_pop2(kwds, std=NotImplemented)

177 return LatLonBase.toRepr(self, **kwds)

178

179 def toStr(self, form=F_D, joined=_COMMASPACE_, **m_prec_sep_s_D_M_S): # PYCHOK expected

180 '''Convert this point to a "lat, lon[, height][, name][, ...]"

181 string, formatted in the given C{B{form}at}.

182

183 @see: L{latlonBase.LatLonBase.toStr} for further details.

184 '''

185 t = LatLonBase.toStr(self, form=form, joined=NN,

186 **_xkwds(m_prec_sep_s_D_M_S, m=NN))

187 if self.name:

188 t += (repr(self.name),)

189 return joined.join(t) if joined else t

190

191

192 def _isLatLon(inst):

193 '''(INTERNAL) Check a C{LatLon} or C{LatLon_} instance.

194 '''

195 return isinstance(inst, (LatLon_, _MODS.latlonBase.LatLonBase))

196

197

198 def _isLatLon_(LL):

199 '''(INTERNAL) Check a (sub-)class of C{LatLon_}.

200 '''

201 return issubclassof(LL, LatLon_) or (isclass(LL) and

202 all(hasattr(LL, _) for _ in LatLon_(0, 0).__dict__.keys()))

203

204

205 class _Basequence(_Sequence): # immutable, on purpose

206 '''(INTERNAL) Base class.

207 '''

208 _array = []

209 _epsilon = EPS

210 _itemname = _point_

211

212 def _contains(self, point):

213 '''(INTERNAL) Check for a matching point.

214 '''

215 return any(self._findall(point, ()))

216

217 def copy(self, deep=False): # PYCHOK no cover

218 '''Make a shallow or deep copy of this instance.

219

220 @kwarg deep: If C{True}, make a deep, otherwise a

221 shallow copy (C{bool}).

222

223 @return: The copy (C{This class}).

224 '''

225 return _xcopy(self, deep=deep)

226

227 def _count(self, point):

228 '''(INTERNAL) Count the number of matching points.

229 '''

230 return sum(1 for _ in self._findall(point, ())) # NOT len()!

231

232 def dup(self, **items): # PYCHOK no cover

233 '''Duplicate this instance, I{without replacing items}.

234

235 @kwarg items: No attributes (I{not allowed}).

236

237 @return: The duplicate (C{This class}).

238

239 @raise TypeError: Any B{C{items}} invalid.

240 '''

241 if items:

242 t = _SPACE_(classname(self), _immutable_)

243 raise _TypeError(txt=t, this=self, **items)

244 return _xdup(self)

245

246 @property_doc_(''' the equality tolerance (C{float}).''')

247 def epsilon(self):

248 '''Get the tolerance for equality tests (C{float}).

249 '''

250 return self._epsilon

251

252 @epsilon.setter # PYCHOK setter!

253 def epsilon(self, tol):

254 '''Set the tolerance for equality tests (C{scalar}).

255

256 @raise UnitError: Non-scalar or invalid B{C{tol}}.

257 '''

258 self._epsilon = Scalar_(tolerance=tol)

259

260 def _find(self, point, start_end):

261 '''(INTERNAL) Find the first matching point index.

262 '''

263 for i in self._findall(point, start_end):

264 return i

265 return -1

266

267 def _findall(self, point, start_end): # PYCHOK no cover

268 '''(INTERNAL) I{Must be implemented/overloaded}.'''

269 notImplemented(self, point, start_end)

270

271 def _getitem(self, index):

272 '''(INTERNAL) Return point [index] or return a slice.

273 '''

274 # Luciano Ramalho, "Fluent Python", O'Reilly, 2016 p. 290+, 2022 p. 405+

275 if isinstance(index, slice):

276 # XXX an numpy.[nd]array slice is a view, not a copy

277 return self.__class__(self._array[index], **self._slicekwds())

278 else:

279 return self.point(self._array[index])

280

281 def _index(self, point, start_end):

282 '''(INTERNAL) Find the first matching point index.

283 '''

284 for i in self._findall(point, start_end):

285 return i

286 raise _IndexError(self._itemname, point, txt_not_='found')

287

288 @property_RO

289 def isNumpy2(self): # PYCHOK no cover

290 '''Is this a Numpy2 wrapper?

291 '''

292 return False # isinstance(self, (Numpy2LatLon, ...))

293

294 @property_RO

295 def isPoints2(self): # PYCHOK no cover

296 '''Is this a LatLon2 wrapper/converter?

297 '''

298 return False # isinstance(self, (LatLon2psxy, ...))

299

300 @property_RO

301 def isTuple2(self): # PYCHOK no cover

302 '''Is this a Tuple2 wrapper?

303 '''

304 return False # isinstance(self, (Tuple2LatLon, ...))

305

306 def _iter(self):

307 '''(INTERNAL) Yield all points.

308 '''

309 _array, _point = self._array, self.point

310 for i in range(len(self)):

311 yield _point(_array[i])

312

313 def point(self, *attrs): # PYCHOK no cover

314 '''I{Must be overloaded}.'''

315 notOverloaded(self, *attrs)

316

317 def _range(self, start=None, end=None, step=1):

318 '''(INTERNAL) Return the range.

319 '''

320 if step > 0:

321 if start is None:

322 start = 0

323 if end is None:

324 end = len(self)

325 elif step < 0:

326 if start is None:

327 start = len(self) - 1

328 if end is None:

329 end = -1

330 else:

331 raise _ValueError(step=step)

332 return range(start, end, step)

333

334 def _repr(self):

335 '''(INTERNAL) Return a string representation.

336 '''

337 # XXX use Python 3+ reprlib.repr

338 t = repr(self._array[:1]) # only first row

339 t = _SPACE_(t[:-1], _ELLIPSIS_, Fmt.SQUARE(t[-1:], len(self)))

340 t = _SPACE_.join(t.split()) # coalesce spaces

341 return instr(self, t, **self._slicekwds())

342

343 def _reversed(self): # PYCHOK false

344 '''(INTERNAL) Yield all points in reverse order.

345 '''

346 _array, point = self._array, self.point

347 for i in range(len(self) - 1, -1, -1):

348 yield point(_array[i])

349

350 def _rfind(self, point, start_end):

351 '''(INTERNAL) Find the last matching point index.

352 '''

353 def _r3(start=None, end=None, step=-1):

354 return (start, end, step) # PYCHOK returns

355

356 for i in self._findall(point, _r3(*start_end)):

357 return i

358 return -1

359

360 def _slicekwds(self): # PYCHOK no cover

361 '''(INTERNAL) I{Should be overloaded}.

362 '''

363 return {}

364

365

366 class _Array2LatLon(_Basequence): # immutable, on purpose

367 '''(INTERNAL) Base class for Numpy2LatLon or Tuple2LatLon.

368 '''

369 _array = ()

370 _ilat = 0 # row column index

371 _ilon = 0 # row column index

372 _LatLon = LatLon_ # default

373 _shape = ()

374

375 def __init__(self, array, ilat=0, ilon=1, LatLon=None, shape=()):

376 '''Handle a C{NumPy} or C{Tuple} array as a sequence of C{LatLon} points.

377 '''

378 ais = (_ilat_, ilat), (_ilon_, ilon)

379

380 if len(shape) != 2 or shape[0] < 1 or shape[1] < len(ais):

381 raise _IndexError('array.shape', shape)

382

383 self._array = array

384 self._shape = Shape2Tuple(shape) # *shape

385

386 if LatLon: # check the point class

387 if not _isLatLon_(LatLon):

388 raise _IsnotError(_valid_, LatLon=LatLon)

389 self._LatLon = LatLon

390

391 # check the attr indices

392 for n, (ai, i) in enumerate(ais):

393 if not isint(i):

394 raise _IsnotError(int, **{ai: i})

395 i = int(i)

396 if not 0 <= i < shape[1]:

397 raise _ValueError(ai, i)

398 for aj, j in ais[:n]:

399 if int(j) == i:

400 raise _ValueError(_DEQUALSPACED_(ai, aj, i))

401 setattr(self, NN(_UNDER_, ai), i)

402

403 def __contains__(self, latlon):

404 '''Check for a specific lat-/longitude.

405

406 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

407 C{(lat, lon)}).

408

409 @return: C{True} if B{C{latlon}} is present, C{False} otherwise.

410

411 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

412 '''

413 return self._contains(latlon)

414

415 def __getitem__(self, index):

416 '''Return row[index] as C{LatLon} or return a L{Numpy2LatLon} slice.

417 '''

418 return self._getitem(index)

419

420 def __iter__(self):

421 '''Yield rows as C{LatLon}.

422 '''

423 return self._iter()

424

425 def __len__(self):

426 '''Return the number of rows.

427 '''

428 return self._shape[0]

429

430 def __repr__(self):

431 '''Return a string representation.

432 '''

433 return self._repr()

434

435 def __reversed__(self): # PYCHOK false

436 '''Yield rows as C{LatLon} in reverse order.

437 '''

438 return self._reversed()

439

440 __str__ = __repr__

441

442 def count(self, latlon):

443 '''Count the number of rows with a specific lat-/longitude.

444

445 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

446 C{(lat, lon)}).

447

448 @return: Count (C{int}).

449

450 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

451 '''

452 return self._count(latlon)

453

454 def find(self, latlon, *start_end):

455 '''Find the first row with a specific lat-/longitude.

456

457 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}) or 2-tuple (lat, lon).

458 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (integers).

459

460 @return: Index or -1 if not found (C{int}).

461

462 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

463 '''

464 return self._find(latlon, start_end)

465

466 def _findall(self, latlon, start_end):

467 '''(INTERNAL) Yield indices of all matching rows.

468 '''

469 try:

470 lat, lon = latlon.lat, latlon.lon

471 except AttributeError:

472 try:

473 lat, lon = latlon

474 except (TypeError, ValueError):

475 raise _IsnotError(_valid_, latlon=latlon)

476

477 _ilat, _ilon = self._ilat, self._ilon

478 _array, _eps = self._array, self._epsilon

479 for i in self._range(*start_end):

480 row = _array[i]

481 if fabs(row[_ilat] - lat) <= _eps and \

482 fabs(row[_ilon] - lon) <= _eps:

483 yield i

484

485 def findall(self, latlon, *start_end):

486 '''Yield indices of all rows with a specific lat-/longitude.

487

488 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

489 C{(lat, lon)}).

490 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

491

492 @return: Indices (C{iterable}).

493

494 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

495 '''

496 return self._findall(latlon, start_end)

497

498 def index(self, latlon, *start_end): # PYCHOK Python 2- issue

499 '''Find index of the first row with a specific lat-/longitude.

500

501 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

502 C{(lat, lon)}).

503 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

504

505 @return: Index (C{int}).

506

507 @raise IndexError: Point not found.

508

509 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

510 '''

511 return self._index(latlon, start_end)

512

513 @Property_RO

514 def ilat(self):

515 '''Get the latitudes column index (C{int}).

516 '''

517 return self._ilat

518

519 @Property_RO

520 def ilon(self):

521 '''Get the longitudes column index (C{int}).

522 '''

523 return self._ilon

524

525# next = __iter__

526

527 def point(self, row): # PYCHOK *attrs

528 '''Instantiate a point C{LatLon}.

529

530 @arg row: Array row (numpy.array).

531

532 @return: Point (C{LatLon}).

533 '''

534 return self._LatLon(row[self._ilat], row[self._ilon])

535

536 def rfind(self, latlon, *start_end):

537 '''Find the last row with a specific lat-/longitude.

538

539 @arg latlon: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

540 C{(lat, lon)}).

541 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

542

543 @note: Keyword order, first stop, then start.

544

545 @return: Index or -1 if not found (C{int}).

546

547 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{latlon}}.

548 '''

549 return self._rfind(latlon, start_end)

550

551 def _slicekwds(self):

552 '''(INTERNAL) Slice kwds.

553 '''

554 return dict(ilat=self._ilat, ilon=self._ilon)

555

556 @Property_RO

557 def shape(self):

558 '''Get the shape of the C{NumPy} array or the C{Tuples} as

559 L{Shape2Tuple}C{(nrows, ncols)}.

560 '''

561 return self._shape

562

563 def _subset(self, indices): # PYCHOK no cover

564 '''(INTERNAL) I{Must be implemented/overloaded}.'''

565 notImplemented(self, indices)

566

567 def subset(self, indices):

568 '''Return a subset of the C{NumPy} array.

569

570 @arg indices: Row indices (C{range} or C{int}[]).

571

572 @note: A C{subset} is different from a C{slice} in 2 ways:

573 (a) the C{subset} is typically specified as a list of

574 (un-)ordered indices and (b) the C{subset} allocates

575 a new, separate C{NumPy} array while a C{slice} is

576 just an other C{view} of the original C{NumPy} array.

577

578 @return: Sub-array (C{numpy.array}).

579

580 @raise IndexError: Out-of-range B{C{indices}} value.

581

582 @raise TypeError: If B{C{indices}} is not a C{range}

583 nor an C{int}[].

584 '''

585 if not issequence(indices, tuple): # NO tuple, only list

586 # and range work properly to get Numpy array sub-sets

587 raise _IsnotError(_valid_, indices=type(indices))

588

589 n = len(self)

590 for i, v in enumerate(indices):

591 if not isint(v):

592 raise _TypeError(Fmt.SQUARE(indices=i), v)

593 elif not 0 <= v < n:

594 raise _IndexError(Fmt.SQUARE(indices=i), v)

595

596 return self._subset(indices)

597

598

599 class LatLon2psxy(_Basequence):

600 '''Wrapper for C{LatLon} points as "on-the-fly" pseudo-xy coordinates.

601 '''

602 _closed = False

603 _len = 0

604 _deg2m = None # default, keep degrees

605 _radius = None

606 _wrap = True

607

608 def __init__(self, latlons, closed=False, radius=None, wrap=True):

609 '''Handle C{LatLon} points as pseudo-xy coordinates.

610

611 @note: The C{LatLon} latitude is considered the I{pseudo-y}

612 and longitude the I{pseudo-x} coordinate, likewise

613 for L{LatLon2Tuple}. However, 2-tuples C{(x, y)} are

614 considered as I{(longitude, latitude)}.

615

616 @arg latlons: Points C{list}, C{sequence}, C{set}, C{tuple},

617 etc. (C{LatLon[]}).

618 @kwarg closed: Optionally, close the polygon (C{bool}).

619 @kwarg radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}).

620 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll

621 the B{C{latlons}} points (C{bool}).

622

623 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{latlons}}.

624

625 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not B{C{base}}.

626 '''

627 self._closed = closed

628 self._len, self._array = points2(latlons, closed=closed)

629 if radius:

630 self._radius = r = Radius(radius)

631 self._deg2m = degrees2m(_1_0, r)

632 if not wrap:

633 self._wrap = False

634

635 def __contains__(self, xy):

636 '''Check for a matching point.

637

638 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

639 C{(x, y)}) in (C{degrees}.

640

641 @return: C{True} if B{C{xy}} is present, C{False} otherwise.

642

643 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

644 '''

645 return self._contains(xy)

646

647 def __getitem__(self, index):

648 '''Return the pseudo-xy or return a L{LatLon2psxy} slice.

649 '''

650 return self._getitem(index)

651

652 def __iter__(self):

653 '''Yield all pseudo-xy's.

654 '''

655 return self._iter()

656

657 def __len__(self):

658 '''Return the number of pseudo-xy's.

659 '''

660 return self._len

661

662 def __repr__(self):

663 '''Return a string representation.

664 '''

665 return self._repr()

666

667 def __reversed__(self): # PYCHOK false

668 '''Yield all pseudo-xy's in reverse order.

669 '''

670 return self._reversed()

671

672 __str__ = __repr__

673

674 def count(self, xy):

675 '''Count the number of matching points.

676

677 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

678 C{(x, y)}) in (C{degrees}.

679

680 @return: Count (C{int}).

681

682 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

683 '''

684 return self._count(xy)

685

686 def find(self, xy, *start_end):

687 '''Find the first matching point.

688

689 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

690 C{(x, y)}) in (C{degrees}.

691 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

692

693 @return: Index or -1 if not found (C{int}).

694

695 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

696 '''

697 return self._find(xy, start_end)

698

699 def _findall(self, xy, start_end):

700 '''(INTERNAL) Yield indices of all matching points.

701 '''

702 try:

703 x, y = xy.lon, xy.lat

704

705 def _x_y_ll3(ll): # match LatLon

706 return ll.lon, ll.lat, ll

707

708 except AttributeError:

709 try:

710 x, y = xy[:2]

711 except (IndexError, TypeError, ValueError):

712 raise _IsnotError(_valid_, xy=xy)

713

714 _x_y_ll3 = self.point # PYCHOK expected

715

716 _array, _eps = self._array, self._epsilon

717 for i in self._range(*start_end):

718 xi, yi, _ = _x_y_ll3(_array[i])

719 if fabs(xi - x) <= _eps and \

720 fabs(yi - y) <= _eps:

721 yield i

722

723 def findall(self, xy, *start_end):

724 '''Yield indices of all matching points.

725

726 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

727 C{(x, y)}) in (C{degrees}.

728 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

729

730 @return: Indices (C{iterator}).

731

732 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

733 '''

734 return self._findall(xy, start_end)

735

736 def index(self, xy, *start_end): # PYCHOK Python 2- issue

737 '''Find the first matching point.

738

739 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}) or 2-tuple (x, y) in (C{degrees}).

740 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

741

742 @return: Index (C{int}).

743

744 @raise IndexError: Point not found.

745

746 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

747 '''

748 return self._index(xy, start_end)

749

750 @property_RO

751 def isPoints2(self):

752 '''Is this a LatLon2 wrapper/converter?

753 '''

754 return True # isinstance(self, (LatLon2psxy, ...))

755

756 def point(self, ll): # PYCHOK *attrs

757 '''Create a pseudo-xy.

758

759 @arg ll: Point (C{LatLon}).

760

761 @return: An L{Point3Tuple}C{(x, y, ll)}.

762 '''

763 x, y = ll.lon, ll.lat # note, x, y = lon, lat

764 if self._wrap:

765 y, x = _Wrap.latlon(y, x)

766 d = self._deg2m

767 if d: # convert degrees to meter (or radians)

768 x *= d

769 y *= d

770 return Point3Tuple(x, y, ll)

771

772 def rfind(self, xy, *start_end):

773 '''Find the last matching point.

774

775 @arg xy: Point (C{LatLon}, L{LatLon2Tuple} or 2-tuple

776 C{(x, y)}) in (C{degrees}.

777 @arg start_end: Optional C{[start[, end]]} index (C{int}).

778

779 @return: Index or -1 if not found (C{int}).

780

781 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{xy}}.

782 '''

783 return self._rfind(xy, start_end)

784

785 def _slicekwds(self):

786 '''(INTERNAL) Slice kwds.

787 '''

788 return dict(closed=self._closed, radius=self._radius, wrap=self._wrap)

789

790

791 class Numpy2LatLon(_Array2LatLon): # immutable, on purpose

792 '''Wrapper for C{NumPy} arrays as "on-the-fly" C{LatLon} points.

793 '''

794 def __init__(self, array, ilat=0, ilon=1, LatLon=None):

795 '''Handle a C{NumPy} array as a sequence of C{LatLon} points.

796

797 @arg array: C{NumPy} array (C{numpy.array}).

798 @kwarg ilat: Optional index of the latitudes column (C{int}).

799 @kwarg ilon: Optional index of the longitudes column (C{int}).

800 @kwarg LatLon: Optional C{LatLon} class to use (L{LatLon_}).

801

802 @raise IndexError: If B{C{array.shape}} is not (1+, 2+).

803

804 @raise TypeError: If B{C{array}} is not a C{NumPy} array or

805 C{LatLon} is not a class with C{lat}

806 and C{lon} attributes.

807

808 @raise ValueError: If the B{C{ilat}} and/or B{C{ilon}} values

809 are the same or out of range.

810

811 @example:

812

813 >>> type(array)

814 <type 'numpy.ndarray'> # <class ...> in Python 3+

815 >>> points = Numpy2LatLon(array, lat=0, lon=1)

816 >>> simply = simplifyRDP(points, ...)

817 >>> type(simply)

818 <type 'numpy.ndarray'> # <class ...> in Python 3+

819 >>> sliced = points[1:-1]

820 >>> type(sliced)

821 <class '...Numpy2LatLon'>

822 '''

823 try: # get shape and check some other numpy.array attrs

824 s, _, _ = array.shape, array.nbytes, array.ndim # PYCHOK expected

825 except AttributeError:

826 raise _IsnotError('NumPy', array=type(array))

827

828 _Array2LatLon.__init__(self, array, ilat=ilat, ilon=ilon,

829 LatLon=LatLon, shape=s)

830

831 @property_RO

832 def isNumpy2(self):

833 '''Is this a Numpy2 wrapper?

834 '''

835 return True # isinstance(self, (Numpy2LatLon, ...))

836

837 def _subset(self, indices):

838 return self._array[indices] # NumPy special

839

840

841 class Shape2Tuple(_NamedTuple):

842 '''2-Tuple C{(nrows, ncols)}, the number of rows and columns,

843 both C{int}.

844 '''

845 _Names_ = (_nrows_, _ncols_)

846 _Units_ = ( Number_, Number_)

847

848

849 class Tuple2LatLon(_Array2LatLon):

850 '''Wrapper for tuple sequences as "on-the-fly" C{LatLon} points.

851 '''

852 def __init__(self, tuples, ilat=0, ilon=1, LatLon=None):

853 '''Handle a list of tuples, each containing a lat- and longitude

854 and perhaps other values as a sequence of C{LatLon} points.

855

856 @arg tuples: The C{list}, C{tuple} or C{sequence} of tuples (C{tuple}[]).

857 @kwarg ilat: Optional index of the latitudes value (C{int}).

858 @kwarg ilon: Optional index of the longitudes value (C{int}).

859 @kwarg LatLon: Optional C{LatLon} class to use (L{LatLon_}).

860

861 @raise IndexError: If C{(len(B{tuples}), min(len(t) for t

862 in B{tuples}))} is not (1+, 2+).

863

864 @raise TypeError: If B{C{tuples}} is not a C{list}, C{tuple}

865 or C{sequence} or if B{C{LatLon}} is not a

866 C{LatLon} with C{lat}, C{lon} and C{name}

867 attributes.

868

869 @raise ValueError: If the B{C{ilat}} and/or B{C{ilon}} values

870 are the same or out of range.

871

872 @example:

873

874 >>> tuples = [(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)]

875 >>> type(tuples)

876 <type 'list'> # <class ...> in Python 3+

877 >>> points = Tuple2LatLon(tuples, lat=0, lon=1)

878 >>> simply = simplifyRW(points, 0.5, ...)

879 >>> type(simply)

880 <type 'list'> # <class ...> in Python 3+

881 >>> simply

882 [(0, 1), (4, 5)]

883 >>> sliced = points[1:-1]

884 >>> type(sliced)

885 <class '...Tuple2LatLon'>

886 >>> sliced

887 ...Tuple2LatLon([(2, 3), ...][1], ilat=0, ilon=1)

888

889 >>> closest, _ = nearestOn2(LatLon_(2, 1), points, adjust=False)

890 >>> closest

891 LatLon_(lat=1.0, lon=2.0)

892

893 >>> closest, _ = nearestOn2(LatLon_(3, 2), points)

894 >>> closest

895 LatLon_(lat=2.001162, lon=3.001162)

896 '''

897 _xinstanceof(list, tuple, tuples=tuples)

898 s = len(tuples), min(len(_) for _ in tuples)

899 _Array2LatLon.__init__(self, tuples, ilat=ilat, ilon=ilon,

900 LatLon=LatLon, shape=s)

901

902 @property_RO

903 def isTuple2(self):

904 '''Is this a Tuple2 wrapper?

905 '''

906 return True # isinstance(self, (Tuple2LatLon, ...))

907

908 def _subset(self, indices):

909 return type(self._array)(self._array[i] for i in indices)

910

911

912 def _area2(points, adjust, wrap):

913 '''(INTERNAL) Approximate the area in radians squared, I{signed}.

914 '''

915 if adjust:

916 # approximate trapezoid by a rectangle, adjusting

917 # the top width by the cosine of the latitudinal

918 # average and bottom width by some fudge factor

919 def _adjust(w, h):

920 c = cos(h) if fabs(h) < PI_2 else _0_0

921 return w * h * (c + 1.2876) * _0_5

922 else:

923 def _adjust(w, h): # PYCHOK expected

924 return w * h

925

926 # setting radius=1 converts degrees to radians

927 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(points, loop=1, radius=_1_0, wrap=wrap)

928 x1, y1, ll = Ps[0]

929 pts = [ll] # for _areaError

930

931 A2 = Fsum() # trapezoidal area in radians**2

932 for p in Ps.iterate(closed=True):

933 x2, y2, ll = p

934 if len(pts) < 4:

935 pts.append(ll)

936 w, x2 = unrollPI(x1, x2, wrap=wrap and not Ps.looped)

937 A2 += _adjust(w, (y2 + y1) * _0_5)

938 x1, y1 = x2, y2

939

940 return A2.fsum(), tuple(pts)

941

942

943 def _areaError(pts, near_=NN): # in .ellipsoidalKarney

944 '''(INTERNAL) Area issue.

945 '''

946 t = _ELLIPSIS_(pts[:3], NN)

947 return _ValueError(NN(near_, 'zero or polar area'), txt=t)

948

949

950 def areaOf(points, adjust=True, radius=R_M, wrap=True):

951 '''Approximate the area of a polygon or composite.

952

953 @arg points: The polygon points or clips (C{LatLon}[],

954 L{BooleanFHP} or L{BooleanGH}).

955 @kwarg adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta

956 by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}).

957 @kwarg radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}) or C{None}.

958 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll

959 the B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

960

961 @return: Approximate area (I{square} C{meter}, same units as

962 B{C{radius}} or C{radians} I{squared} if C{B{radius}

963 is None}).

964

965 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

966

967 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

968

969 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{radius}}.

970

971 @note: This area approximation has limited accuracy and is

972 ill-suited for regions exceeding several hundred Km

973 or Miles or with near-polar latitudes.

974

975 @see: L{sphericalNvector.areaOf}, L{sphericalTrigonometry.areaOf},

976 L{ellipsoidalExact.areaOf} and L{ellipsoidalKarney.areaOf}.

977 '''

978 if _MODS.booleans.isBoolean(points):

979 a = points._sum1(areaOf, adjust=adjust, radius=None, wrap=wrap)

980 else:

981 a, _ = _area2(points, adjust, wrap)

982 return fabs(a if radius is None else (Radius(radius)**2 * a))

983

984

985 def boundsOf(points, wrap=False, LatLon=None): # was=True

986 '''Determine the bottom-left SW and top-right NE corners of a

987 path or polygon.

988

989 @arg points: The path or polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

990 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll

991 the B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

992 @kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return the C{bounds}

993 corners (C{LatLon}) or C{None}.

994

995 @return: A L{Bounds2Tuple}C{(latlonSW, latlonNE)}, each

996 a B{C{LatLon}} or if C{B{LatLon} is None}, a

997 L{Bounds4Tuple}C{(latS, lonW, latN, lonE)}.

998

999 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1000

1001 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1002

1003 @see: Function L{quadOf}.

1004 '''

1005 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(points, loop=1, wrap=wrap)

1006 w, s, _ = e, n, _ = Ps[0]

1007

1008 v = w

1009 for x, y, _ in Ps.iterate(closed=False): # [1:]

1010 if wrap:

1011 _, x = unroll180(v, x, wrap=True)

1012 v = x

1013

1014 if w > x:

1015 w = x

1016 elif e < x:

1017 e = x

1018

1019 if s > y:

1020 s = y

1021 elif n < y:

1022 n = y

1023

1024 return Bounds4Tuple(s, w, n, e) if LatLon is None else \

1025 Bounds2Tuple(LatLon(s, w), LatLon(n, e)) # PYCHOK inconsistent

1026

1027

1028 def centroidOf(points, wrap=False, LatLon=None): # was=True

1029 '''Determine the centroid of a polygon.

1030

1031 @arg points: The polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1032 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1033 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1034 @kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return the centroid (C{LatLon})

1035 or C{None}.

1036

1037 @return: Centroid (B{C{LatLon}}) or a L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)}

1038 if C{B{LatLon} is None}.

1039

1040 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1041

1042 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1043

1044 @raise ValueError: The B{C{points}} enclose a pole or

1045 near-zero area.

1046

1047 @see: U{Centroid<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Centroid#Of_a_polygon>} and

1048 Paul Bourke's U{Calculating The Area And Centroid Of A Polygon

1049 <https://www.SEAS.UPenn.edu/~ese502/lab-content/extra_materials/

1050 Polygon%20Area%20and%20Centroid.pdf>}, 1988.

1051 '''

1052 A, X, Y = Fsum(), Fsum(), Fsum()

1053

1054 # setting radius=1 converts degrees to radians

1055 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(points, loop=1, radius=_1_0, wrap=wrap)

1056 x1, y1, ll = Ps[0]

1057 pts = [ll] # for _areaError

1058 for p in Ps.iterate(closed=True):

1059 x2, y2, ll = p

1060 if len(pts) < 4:

1061 pts.append(ll)

1062 if wrap and not Ps.looped:

1063 _, x2 = unrollPI(x1, x2, wrap=True)

1064 t = x1 * y2 - x2 * y1

1065 A += t

1066 X += t * (x1 + x2)

1067 Y += t * (y1 + y2)

1068 # XXX more elaborately:

1069 # t1, t2 = x1 * y2, -(x2 * y1)

1070 # A.fadd_(t1, t2)

1071 # X.fadd_(t1 * x1, t1 * x2, t2 * x1, t2 * x2)

1072 # Y.fadd_(t1 * y1, t1 * y2, t2 * y1, t2 * y2)

1073 x1, y1 = x2, y2

1074

1075 a = A.fmul(_6_0).fover(_2_0)

1076 if isnear0(a):

1077 raise _areaError(pts, near_=_near_)

1078 y, x = degrees90(Y.fover(a)), degrees180(X.fover(a))

1079 return LatLon2Tuple(y, x) if LatLon is None else LatLon(y, x)

1080

1081

1082 def _distanceTo(Error, **name_points): # .frechet, .hausdorff, .heights

1083 '''(INTERNAL) Check all callable C{distanceTo} methods.

1084 '''

1085 name, ps = _xkwds_item2(name_points)

1086 for i, p in enumerate(ps):

1087 if not callable(_xattr(p, distanceTo=None)):

1088 n = _distanceTo.__name__[1:]

1089 t = _SPACE_(_no_, callable.__name__, n)

1090 raise Error(Fmt.SQUARE(name, i), p, txt=t)

1091 return ps

1092

1093

1094 def fractional(points, fi, j=None, wrap=None, LatLon=None, Vector=None, **kwds):

1095 '''Return the point at a given I{fractional} index.

1096

1097 @arg points: The points (C{LatLon}[], L{Numpy2LatLon}[],

1098 L{Tuple2LatLon}[], C{Cartesian}[], C{Vector3d}[],

1099 L{Vector3Tuple}[]).

1100 @arg fi: The fractional index (L{FIx}, C{float} or C{int}).

1101 @kwarg j: Optionally, index of the other point (C{int}).

1102 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1103 B{{points}} (C{bool}) or C{None} for a backward

1104 compatible L{LatLon2Tuple} or B{C{LatLon}} with

1105 averaged lat- and longitudes. Use C{True} or

1106 C{False} to get the I{fractional} point computed

1107 by method C{B{points}[fi].intermediateTo}.

1108 @kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return the I{intermediate},

1109 I{fractional} point (C{LatLon}) or C{None}.

1110 @kwarg Vector: Optional class to return the I{intermediate},

1111 I{fractional} point (C{Cartesian}, C{Vector3d})

1112 or C{None}.

1113 @kwarg kwds: Optional, additional B{C{LatLon}} I{or} B{C{Vector}}

1114 keyword arguments, ignored if both C{B{LatLon}} and

1115 C{B{Vector}} are C{None}.

1116

1117 @return: A L{LatLon2Tuple}C{(lat, lon)} if B{C{wrap}}, B{C{LatLon}}

1118 and B{C{Vector}} all are C{None}, the defaults.

1119

1120 An instance of B{C{LatLon}} if not C{None} I{or} an instance

1121 of B{C{Vector}} if not C{None}.

1122

1123 Otherwise with B{C{wrap}} either C{True} or C{False} and

1124 B{C{LatLon}} and B{C{Vector}} both C{None}, an instance of

1125 B{C{points}}' (sub-)class C{intermediateTo} I{fractional}.

1126

1127 Summarized as follows:

1128

1129 >>> wrap | LatLon | Vector | returned type/value

1130 # -------+--------+--------+--------------+------

1131 # | | | LatLon2Tuple | favg

1132 # None | None | None | or** |

1133 # | | | Vector3Tuple | favg

1134 # None | LatLon | None | LatLon | favg

1135 # None | None | Vector | Vector | favg

1136 # -------+--------+--------+--------------+------

1137 # True | None | None | points' | .iTo

1138 # True | LatLon | None | LatLon | .iTo

1139 # True | None | Vector | Vector | .iTo

1140 # -------+--------+--------+--------------+------

1141 # False | None | None | points' | .iTo

1142 # False | LatLon | None | LatLon | .iTo

1143 # False | None | Vector | Vector | .iTo

1144 # _____

1145 # favg) averaged lat, lon or x, y, z values

1146 # .iTo) value from points[fi].intermediateTo

1147 # **) depends on base class of points[fi]

1148

1149 @raise IndexError: Fractional index B{C{fi}} invalid or B{C{points}}

1150 not subscriptable or not closed.

1151

1152 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{LatLon}}, B{C{Vector}} or B{C{kwds}}

1153 argument.

1154

1155 @see: Class L{FIx} and method L{FIx.fractional}.

1156 '''

1157 if LatLon and Vector: # PYCHOK no cover

1158 kwds = _xkwds(kwds, fi=fi, LatLon=LatLon, Vector=Vector)

1159 raise _TypeError(txt__=fractional, **kwds)

1160 w = wrap if LatLon else False # intermediateTo

1161 try:

1162 if not isscalar(fi) or fi < 0:

1163 raise IndexError

1164 n = _xattr(fi, fin=0)

1165 p = _fractional(points, fi, j, fin=n, wrap=w) # see .units.FIx

1166 if LatLon:

1167 p = LatLon(p.lat, p.lon, **kwds)

1168 elif Vector:

1169 p = Vector(p.x, p.y, p.z, **kwds)

1170 except (IndexError, TypeError):

1171 raise _IndexError(fi=fi, points=points, wrap=w, txt__=fractional)

1172 return p

1173

1174

1175 def _fractional(points, fi, j, fin=None, wrap=None): # in .frechet.py

1176 '''(INTERNAL) Compute point at L{fractional} index C{fi} and C{j}.

1177 '''

1178 i = int(fi)

1179 p = points[i]

1180 r = fi - float(i)

1181 if r > EPS: # EPS0?

1182 if j is None: # in .frechet.py

1183 j = i + 1

1184 if fin:

1185 j %= fin

1186 q = points[j]

1187 if r >= EPS1: # PYCHOK no cover

1188 p = q

1189 elif wrap is not None: # in (True, False)

1190 p = p.intermediateTo(q, r, wrap=wrap)

1191 elif _isLatLon(p): # backward compatible default

1192 p = LatLon2Tuple(favg(p.lat, q.lat, f=r),

1193 favg(p.lon, q.lon, f=r),

1194 name__=fractional)

1195 else: # assume p and q are cartesian or vectorial

1196 z = p.z if p.z is q.z else favg(p.z, q.z, f=r)

1197 p = Vector3Tuple(favg(p.x, q.x, f=r),

1198 favg(p.y, q.y, f=r), z,

1199 name__=fractional)

1200 return p

1201

1202

1203 def isclockwise(points, adjust=False, wrap=True):

1204 '''Determine the direction of a path or polygon.

1205

1206 @arg points: The path or polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1207 @kwarg adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta

1208 by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}).

1209 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1210 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1211

1212 @return: C{True} if B{C{points}} are clockwise, C{False} otherwise.

1213

1214 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1215

1216 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1217

1218 @raise ValueError: The B{C{points}} enclose a pole or zero area.

1219 '''

1220 a, pts = _area2(points, adjust, wrap)

1221 if a > 0: # opposite of ellipsoidalExact and -Karney

1222 return True

1223 elif a < 0:

1224 return False

1225 # <https://blog.Element84.com/determining-if-a-spherical-polygon-contains-a-pole.html>

1226 raise _areaError(pts)

1227

1228

1229 def isconvex(points, adjust=False, wrap=False): # was=True

1230 '''Determine whether a polygon is convex.

1231

1232 @arg points: The polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1233 @kwarg adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta

1234 by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}).

1235 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1236 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1237

1238 @return: C{True} if B{C{points}} are convex, C{False} otherwise.

1239

1240 @raise CrossError: Some B{C{points}} are colinear.

1241

1242 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1243

1244 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1245 '''

1246 return bool(isconvex_(points, adjust=adjust, wrap=wrap))

1247

1248

1249 def isconvex_(points, adjust=False, wrap=False): # was=True

1250 '''Determine whether a polygon is convex I{and clockwise}.

1251

1252 @arg points: The polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1253 @kwarg adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta

1254 by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}).

1255 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1256 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1257

1258 @return: C{+1} if B{C{points}} are convex clockwise, C{-1} for

1259 convex counter-clockwise B{C{points}}, C{0} otherwise.

1260

1261 @raise CrossError: Some B{C{points}} are colinear.

1262

1263 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1264

1265 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1266 '''

1267 if adjust:

1268 def _unroll2(x1, x2, w, y1, y2):

1269 x21, x2 = unroll180(x1, x2, wrap=w)

1270 y = radians(y1 + y2) * _0_5

1271 x21 *= cos(y) if fabs(y) < PI_2 else _0_0

1272 return x21, x2

1273 else:

1274 def _unroll2(x1, x2, w, *unused): # PYCHOK expected

1275 return unroll180(x1, x2, wrap=w)

1276

1277 c, s = crosserrors(), 0

1278

1279 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(points, loop=2, wrap=wrap)

1280 x1, y1, _ = Ps[0]

1281 x2, y2, _ = Ps[1]

1282

1283 x21, x2 = _unroll2(x1, x2, False, y1, y2)

1284 for i, p in Ps.enumerate(closed=True):

1285 x3, y3, ll = p

1286 x32, x3 = _unroll2(x2, x3, bool(wrap and not Ps.looped), y2, y3)

1287

1288 # get the sign of the distance from point

1289 # x3, y3 to the line from x1, y1 to x2, y2

1290 # <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Distance_from_a_point_to_a_line>

1291 s3 = fdot((x3, y3, x1, y1), y2 - y1, -x21, -y2, x2)

1292 if s3 > 0: # x3, y3 on the right

1293 if s < 0: # non-convex

1294 return 0

1295 s = +1

1296

1297 elif s3 < 0: # x3, y3 on the left

1298 if s > 0: # non-convex

1299 return 0

1300 s = -1

1301

1302 elif c and fdot((x32, y1 - y2), y3 - y2, -x21) < 0: # PYCHOK no cover

1303 # colinear u-turn: x3, y3 not on the

1304 # opposite side of x2, y2 as x1, y1

1305 t = Fmt.SQUARE(points=i)

1306 raise CrossError(t, ll, txt=_colinear_)

1307

1308 x1, y1, x2, y2, x21 = x2, y2, x3, y3, x32

1309

1310 return s # all points on the same side

1311

1312

1313 def isenclosedBy(point, points, wrap=False): # MCCABE 15

1314 '''Determine whether a point is enclosed by a polygon or composite.

1315

1316 @arg point: The point (C{LatLon} or 2-tuple C{(lat, lon)}).

1317 @arg points: The polygon points or clips (C{LatLon}[], L{BooleanFHP}

1318 or L{BooleanGH}).

1319 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1320 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1321

1322 @return: C{True} if the B{C{point}} is inside the polygon or

1323 composite, C{False} otherwise.

1324

1325 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1326

1327 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1328

1329 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{point}}, lat- or longitude.

1330

1331 @see: Functions L{pygeodesy.isconvex} and L{pygeodesy.ispolar} especially

1332 if the B{C{points}} may enclose a pole or wrap around the earth

1333 I{longitudinally}, methods L{sphericalNvector.LatLon.isenclosedBy},

1334 L{sphericalTrigonometry.LatLon.isenclosedBy} and U{MultiDop

1335 GeogContainPt<https://GitHub.com/NASA/MultiDop>} (U{Shapiro et.al. 2009,

1336 JTECH<https://Journals.AMetSoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2009JTECHA1256.1>}

1337 and U{Potvin et al. 2012, JTECH <https://Journals.AMetSoc.org/doi/abs/

1338 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00019.1>}).

1339 '''

1340 try:

1341 y0, x0 = point.lat, point.lon

1342 except AttributeError:

1343 try:

1344 y0, x0 = map(float, point[:2])

1345 except (IndexError, TypeError, ValueError) as x:

1346 raise _ValueError(point=point, cause=x)

1347

1348 if wrap:

1349 y0, x0 = _Wrap.latlon(y0, x0)

1350

1351 def _dxy3(x, x2, y2, Ps):

1352 dx, x2 = unroll180(x, x2, wrap=not Ps.looped)

1353 return dx, x2, y2

1354

1355 else:

1356 x0 = _fmod(x0, _360_0) # not x0 % 360!

1357 x0_180_ = x0 - _180_0

1358 x0_180 = x0 + _180_0

1359

1360 def _dxy3(x1, x, y, unused): # PYCHOK expected

1361 x = _umod_360(float(x))

1362 if x < x0_180_:

1363 x += _360_0

1364 elif x >= x0_180:

1365 x -= _360_0

1366 return (x - x1), x, y

1367

1368 if _MODS.booleans.isBoolean(points):

1369 return points._encloses(y0, x0, wrap=wrap)

1370

1371 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(points, loop=1, wrap=wrap)

1372 p = Ps[0]

1373 e = m = False

1374 S = Fsum()

1375

1376 _, x1, y1 = _dxy3(x0, p.x, p.y, False)

1377 for p in Ps.iterate(closed=True):

1378 dx, x2, y2 = _dxy3(x1, p.x, p.y, Ps)

1379 # ignore duplicate and near-duplicate pts

1380 if fabs(dx) > EPS or fabs(y2 - y1) > EPS:

1381 # determine if polygon edge (x1, y1)..(x2, y2) straddles

1382 # point (lat, lon) or is on boundary, but do not count

1383 # edges on boundary as more than one crossing

1384 if fabs(dx) < 180 and (x1 < x0 <= x2 or x2 < x0 <= x1):

1385 m = not m

1386 dy = (x0 - x1) * (y2 - y1) - (y0 - y1) * dx

1387 if (dy > 0 and dx >= 0) or (dy < 0 and dx <= 0):

1388 e = not e

1389

1390 S += sin(radians(y2))

1391 x1, y1 = x2, y2

1392

1393 # An odd number of meridian crossings means, the polygon

1394 # contains a pole. Assume it is the pole on the hemisphere

1395 # containing the polygon mean point and if the polygon does

1396 # contain the North Pole, flip the result.

1397 if m and S.fsum() > 0:

1398 e = not e

1399 return e

1400

1401

1402 def ispolar(points, wrap=False):

1403 '''Check whether a polygon encloses a pole.

1404

1405 @arg points: The polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1406 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll

1407 the B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1408

1409 @return: C{True} if the polygon encloses a pole, C{False}

1410 otherwise.

1411

1412 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1413

1414 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon} or don't

1415 have C{bearingTo2}, C{initialBearingTo}

1416 and C{finalBearingTo} methods.

1417 '''

1418 def _cds(ps, w): # iterate over course deltas

1419 Ps = PointsIter(ps, loop=2, wrap=w)

1420 p2, p1 = Ps[0:2]

1421 b1, _ = _bearingTo2(p2, p1, wrap=False)

1422 for p2 in Ps.iterate(closed=True):

1423 if not p2.isequalTo(p1, EPS):

1424 if w and not Ps.looped:

1425 p2 = _unrollon(p1, p2)

1426 b, b2 = _bearingTo2(p1, p2, wrap=False)

1427 yield wrap180(b - b1) # (b - b1 + 540) % 360 - 180

1428 yield wrap180(b2 - b) # (b2 - b + 540) % 360 - 180

1429 p1, b1 = p2, b2

1430

1431 # summation of course deltas around pole is 0° rather than normally ±360°

1432 # <https://blog.Element84.com/determining-if-a-spherical-polygon-contains-a-pole.html>

1433 s = fsum(_cds(points, wrap))

1434 # XXX fix (intermittant) edge crossing pole - eg (85,90), (85,0), (85,-90)

1435 return fabs(s) < 90 # "zero-ish"

1436

1437

1438 def luneOf(lon1, lon2, closed=False, LatLon=LatLon_, **LatLon_kwds):

1439 '''Generate an ellipsoidal or spherical U{lune

1440 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Spherical_lune>}-shaped path or polygon.

1441

1442 @arg lon1: Left longitude (C{degrees90}).

1443 @arg lon2: Right longitude (C{degrees90}).

1444 @kwarg closed: Optionally, close the path (C{bool}).

1445 @kwarg LatLon: Class to use (L{LatLon_}).

1446 @kwarg LatLon_kwds: Optional, additional B{C{LatLon}}

1447 keyword arguments.

1448

1449 @return: A tuple of 4 or 5 B{C{LatLon}} instances outlining

1450 the lune shape.

1451

1452 @see: U{Latitude-longitude quadrangle

1453 <https://www.MathWorks.com/help/map/ref/areaquad.html>}.

1454 '''

1455 t = (LatLon( _0_0, lon1, **LatLon_kwds),

1456 LatLon( _90_0, lon1, **LatLon_kwds),

1457 LatLon( _0_0, lon2, **LatLon_kwds),

1458 LatLon(_N_90_0, lon2, **LatLon_kwds))

1459 if closed:

1460 t += t[:1]

1461 return t

1462

1463

1464 def nearestOn5(point, points, closed=False, wrap=False, adjust=True,

1465 limit=9, **LatLon_and_kwds):

1466 '''Locate the point on a path or polygon closest to a reference point.

1467

1468 The closest point on each polygon edge is either the nearest of that

1469 edge's end points or a point in between.

1470

1471 @arg point: The reference point (C{LatLon}).

1472 @arg points: The path or polygon points (C{LatLon}[]).

1473 @kwarg closed: Optionally, close the path or polygon (C{bool}).

1474 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1475 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1476 @kwarg adjust: See function L{pygeodesy.equirectangular4} (C{bool}).

1477 @kwarg limit: See function L{pygeodesy.equirectangular4} (C{degrees}),

1478 default C{9 degrees} is about C{1,000 Kmeter} (for mean

1479 spherical earth radius L{R_KM}).

1480 @kwarg LatLon_and_kwds: Optional, C{B{LatLon}=None} class to use for

1481 the closest point and additional B{C{LatLon}} keyword

1482 arguments, ignored if C{B{LatLon} is None} or not given.

1483

1484 @return: A L{NearestOn3Tuple}C{(closest, distance, angle)} with the

1485 {closest} point (B{C{LatLon}}) or if C{B{LatLon} is None},

1486 a L{NearestOn5Tuple}C{(lat, lon, distance, angle, height)}.

1487 The C{distance} is the L{pygeodesy.equirectangular} distance

1488 between the C{closest} and reference B{C{point}} in C{degrees}.

1489 The C{angle} from the B{C{point}} to the C{closest} is in

1490 compass C{degrees}, like function L{pygeodesy.compassAngle}.

1491

1492 @raise LimitError: Lat- and/or longitudinal delta exceeds the B{C{limit}},

1493 see function L{pygeodesy.equirectangular4}.

1494

1495 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1496

1497 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1498

1499 @note: Distances are I{approximated} by function L{pygeodesy.equirectangular4}.

1500 For more accuracy use one of the C{LatLon.nearestOn6} methods.

1501

1502 @see: Function L{pygeodesy.degrees2m}.

1503 '''

1504 def _d2yx4(p2, p1, u, alw):

1505 # w = wrap if (i < (n - 1) or not closed) else False

1506 # equirectangular4 returns a Distance4Tuple(distance

1507 # in degrees squared, delta lat, delta lon, p2.lon

1508 # unroll/wrap'd); the previous p2.lon unroll/wrap'd

1509 # is also applied to the next edge's p1.lon

1510 return equirectangular4(p1.lat, p1.lon + u,

1511 p2.lat, p2.lon, **alw)

1512

1513 def _h(p): # get height or default 0

1514 return _xattr(p, height=0) or 0

1515

1516 # 3-D version used in .vector3d._nearestOn2

1517 #

1518 # point (x, y) on axis rotated ccw by angle a:

1519 # x' = x * cos(a) + y * sin(a)

1520 # y' = y * cos(a) - x * sin(a)

1521 #

1522 # distance (w) along and (h) perpendicular to

1523 # a line thru point (dx, dy) and the origin:

1524 # d = hypot(dx, dy)

1525 # w = (x * dx + y * dy) / d

1526 # h = (y * dx - x * dy) / d

1527 #

1528 # closest point on that line thru (dx, dy):

1529 # xc = dx * w / d

1530 # yc = dy * w / d

1531 # or

1532 # xc = dx * f

1533 # yc = dy * f

1534 # with

1535 # f = w / d

1536 # or

1537 # f = (y * dy + x * dx) / hypot2(dx, dy)

1538 #

1539 # i.e. no need for sqrt or hypot

1540

1541 Ps = PointsIter(points, loop=1, wrap=wrap)

1542 p1 = c = Ps[0]

1543 u1 = u = _0_0

1544 kw = dict(adjust=adjust, limit=limit, wrap=False)

1545 d, dy, dx, _ = _d2yx4(p1, point, u1, kw)

1546 for p2 in Ps.iterate(closed=closed):

1547 # iff wrapped, unroll lon1 (actually previous

1548 # lon2) like function unroll180/-PI would've

1549 if wrap:

1550 kw.update(wrap=not (closed and Ps.looped))

1551 d21, y21, x21, u2 = _d2yx4(p2, p1, u1, kw)

1552 if d21 > EPS:

1553 # distance point to p1, y01 and x01 negated

1554 d2, y01, x01, _ = _d2yx4(point, p1, u1, kw)

1555 if d2 > EPS:

1556 w2 = y01 * y21 + x01 * x21

1557 if w2 > 0:

1558 if w2 < d21:

1559 # closest is between p1 and p2, use

1560 # original delta's, not y21 and x21

1561 f = w2 / d21

1562 p1 = LatLon_(favg(p1.lat, p2.lat, f=f),

1563 favg(p1.lon, p2.lon + u2, f=f),

1564 height=favg(_h(p1), _h(p2), f=f))

1565 u1 = _0_0

1566 else: # p2 is closest

1567 p1, u1 = p2, u2

1568 d2, y01, x01, _ = _d2yx4(point, p1, u1, kw)

1569 if d2 < d: # p1 is closer, y01 and x01 negated

1570 c, u, d, dy, dx = p1, u1, d2, -y01, -x01

1571 p1, u1 = p2, u2

1572

1573 a = atan2b(dx, dy) # azimuth

1574 d = hypot( dx, dy)

1575 h = _h(c)

1576 n = nameof(point) or nearestOn5.__name__

1577 if LatLon_and_kwds:

1578 LL, kwds = _xkwds_pop2(LatLon_and_kwds, LatLon=None)

1579 if LL is not None:

1580 r = LL(c.lat, c.lon + u, **_xkwds(kwds, height=h, name=n))

1581 return NearestOn3Tuple(r, d, a, name=n)

1582 return NearestOn5Tuple(c.lat, c.lon + u, d, a, h, name=n) # PYCHOK expected

1583

1584

1585 def perimeterOf(points, closed=False, adjust=True, radius=R_M, wrap=True):

1586 '''I{Approximate} the perimeter of a path, polygon. or composite.

1587

1588 @arg points: The path or polygon points or clips (C{LatLon}[],

1589 L{BooleanFHP} or L{BooleanGH}).

1590 @kwarg closed: Optionally, close the path or polygon (C{bool}).

1591 @kwarg adjust: Adjust the wrapped, unrolled longitudinal delta

1592 by the cosine of the mean latitude (C{bool}).

1593 @kwarg radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}).

1594 @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the

1595 B{C{points}} (C{bool}).

1596

1597 @return: Approximate perimeter (C{meter}, same units as

1598 B{C{radius}}).

1599

1600 @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}

1601

1602 @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.

1603

1604 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{radius}} or C{B{closed}=False} with

1605 C{B{points}} a composite.

1606

1607 @note: This perimeter is based on the L{pygeodesy.equirectangular4}

1608 distance approximation and is ill-suited for regions exceeding

1609 several hundred Km or Miles or with near-polar latitudes.

1610

1611 @see: Functions L{sphericalTrigonometry.perimeterOf} and

1612 L{ellipsoidalKarney.perimeterOf}.

1613 '''

1614 def _degs(ps, c, a, w): # angular edge lengths in degrees

1615 Ps = LatLon2PsxyIter(ps, loop=1) # wrap=w

1616 p1, u = Ps[0], _0_0 # previous x2's unroll/wrap

1617 for p2 in Ps.iterate(closed=c):

1618 if w and c:

1619 w = not Ps.looped

1620 # apply previous x2's unroll/wrap'd to new x1

1621 _, dy, dx, u = equirectangular4(p1.y, p1.x + u,

1622 p2.y, p2.x,

1623 adjust=a, limit=None,

1624 wrap=w) # PYCHOK non-seq

1625 yield hypot(dx, dy)

1626 p1 = p2

1627

1628 if _MODS.booleans.isBoolean(points):

1629 if not closed:

1630 notImplemented(None, closed=closed, points=_composite_)

1631 d = points._sum1(perimeterOf, closed=True, adjust=adjust,

1632 radius=radius, wrap=wrap)

1633 else:

1634 d = fsum(_degs(points, closed, adjust, wrap))

1635 return degrees2m(d, radius=radius)

1636

1637

1638 def quadOf(latS, lonW, latN, lonE, closed=False, LatLon=LatLon_, **LatLon_kwds):

1639 '''Generate a quadrilateral path or polygon from two points.

1640

1641 @arg latS: Souther-nmost latitude (C{degrees90}).

1642 @arg lonW: Western-most longitude (C{degrees180}).

1643 @arg latN: Norther-nmost latitude (C{degrees90}).

1644 @arg lonE: Eastern-most longitude (C{degrees180}).

1645 @kwarg closed: Optionally, close the path (C{bool}).

1646 @kwarg LatLon: Class to use (L{LatLon_}).

1647 @kwarg LatLon_kwds: Optional, additional B{C{LatLon}}

1648 keyword arguments.

1649

1650 @return: Return a tuple of 4 or 5 B{C{LatLon}} instances

1651 outlining the quadrilateral.

1652

1653 @see: Function L{boundsOf}.

1654 '''

1655 t = (LatLon(latS, lonW, **LatLon_kwds),

1656 LatLon(latN, lonW, **LatLon_kwds),

1657 LatLon(latN, lonE, **LatLon_kwds),

1658 LatLon(latS, lonE, **LatLon_kwds))

1659 if closed:

1660 t += t[:1]

1661 return t

1662

1663

1664__all__ += _ALL_DOCS(_Array2LatLon, _Basequence)

1665

1666# **) MIT License

1667#

1668# Copyright (C) 2016-2025 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.

1669#

1670# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a

1671# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

1672# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation

1673# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,

1674# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the

1675# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

1676#

1677# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included

1678# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

1679#

1680# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS

1681# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

1682# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL

1683# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR

1684# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,

1685# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR

1686# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.