1

2# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

3

4 u'''Ellipsoidal and spherical earth models.

5

6 Classes L{a_f2Tuple}, L{Ellipsoid} and L{Ellipsoid2}, an L{Ellipsoids} registry and

7 2 dozen functions to convert I{equatorial} radius, I{polar} radius, I{eccentricities},

8 I{flattenings} and I{inverse flattening}.

9

10 See module L{datums} for L{Datum} and L{Transform} information and other details.

11

12 Following is the list of predefined L{Ellipsoid}s, all instantiated lazily.

13

14@var Ellipsoids.Airy1830: Ellipsoid(name='Airy1830', a=6377563.396, f=0.00334085, f_=299.3249646, b=6356256.90923729)

15@var Ellipsoids.AiryModified: Ellipsoid(name='AiryModified', a=6377340.189, f=0.00334085, f_=299.3249646, b=6356034.44793853)

16@var Ellipsoids.ATS1977: Ellipsoid(name='ATS1977', a=6378135, f=0.00335281, f_=298.257, b=6356750.30492159)

17@var Ellipsoids.Australia1966: Ellipsoid(name='Australia1966', a=6378160, f=0.00335289, f_=298.25, b=6356774.71919531)

18@var Ellipsoids.Bessel1841: Ellipsoid(name='Bessel1841', a=6377397.155, f=0.00334277, f_=299.1528128, b=6356078.962818)

19@var Ellipsoids.BesselModified: Ellipsoid(name='BesselModified', a=6377492.018, f=0.00334277, f_=299.1528128, b=6356173.5087127)

20@var Ellipsoids.CGCS2000: Ellipsoid(name='CGCS2000', a=6378137, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572221, b=6356752.31414036)

21@var Ellipsoids.Clarke1866: Ellipsoid(name='Clarke1866', a=6378206.4, f=0.00339008, f_=294.97869821, b=6356583.8)

22@var Ellipsoids.Clarke1880: Ellipsoid(name='Clarke1880', a=6378249.145, f=0.00340756, f_=293.465, b=6356514.86954978)

23@var Ellipsoids.Clarke1880IGN: Ellipsoid(name='Clarke1880IGN', a=6378249.2, f=0.00340755, f_=293.46602129, b=6356515)

24@var Ellipsoids.Clarke1880Mod: Ellipsoid(name='Clarke1880Mod', a=6378249.145, f=0.00340755, f_=293.46630766, b=6356514.96639549)

25@var Ellipsoids.CPM1799: Ellipsoid(name='CPM1799', a=6375738.7, f=0.00299052, f_=334.39, b=6356671.92557493)

26@var Ellipsoids.Delambre1810: Ellipsoid(name='Delambre1810', a=6376428, f=0.00321027, f_=311.5, b=6355957.92616372)

27@var Ellipsoids.Engelis1985: Ellipsoid(name='Engelis1985', a=6378136.05, f=0.00335282, f_=298.2566, b=6356751.32272154)

28@var Ellipsoids.Everest1969: Ellipsoid(name='Everest1969', a=6377295.664, f=0.00332445, f_=300.8017, b=6356094.667915)

29@var Ellipsoids.Everest1975: Ellipsoid(name='Everest1975', a=6377299.151, f=0.00332445, f_=300.8017255, b=6356098.14512013)

30@var Ellipsoids.Fisher1968: Ellipsoid(name='Fisher1968', a=6378150, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356768.33724438)

31@var Ellipsoids.GEM10C: Ellipsoid(name='GEM10C', a=6378137, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572236, b=6356752.31424783)

32@var Ellipsoids.GPES: Ellipsoid(name='GPES', a=6378135, f=0, f_=0, b=6378135)

33@var Ellipsoids.GRS67: Ellipsoid(name='GRS67', a=6378160, f=0.00335292, f_=298.24716743, b=6356774.51609071)

34@var Ellipsoids.GRS80: Ellipsoid(name='GRS80', a=6378137, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572221, b=6356752.31414035)

35@var Ellipsoids.Helmert1906: Ellipsoid(name='Helmert1906', a=6378200, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356818.16962789)

36@var Ellipsoids.IAU76: Ellipsoid(name='IAU76', a=6378140, f=0.00335281, f_=298.257, b=6356755.28815753)

37@var Ellipsoids.IERS1989: Ellipsoid(name='IERS1989', a=6378136, f=0.00335281, f_=298.257, b=6356751.30156878)

38@var Ellipsoids.IERS1992TOPEX: Ellipsoid(name='IERS1992TOPEX', a=6378136.3, f=0.00335281, f_=298.25722356, b=6356751.61659215)

39@var Ellipsoids.IERS2003: Ellipsoid(name='IERS2003', a=6378136.6, f=0.00335282, f_=298.25642, b=6356751.85797165)

40@var Ellipsoids.Intl1924: Ellipsoid(name='Intl1924', a=6378388, f=0.003367, f_=297, b=6356911.94612795)

41@var Ellipsoids.Intl1967: Ellipsoid(name='Intl1967', a=6378157.5, f=0.0033529, f_=298.24961539, b=6356772.2)

42@var Ellipsoids.Krassovski1940: Ellipsoid(name='Krassovski1940', a=6378245, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356863.01877305)

43@var Ellipsoids.Krassowsky1940: Ellipsoid(name='Krassowsky1940', a=6378245, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356863.01877305)

44@var Ellipsoids.Maupertuis1738: Ellipsoid(name='Maupertuis1738', a=6397300, f=0.0052356, f_=191, b=6363806.28272251)

45@var Ellipsoids.Mercury1960: Ellipsoid(name='Mercury1960', a=6378166, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356784.28360711)

46@var Ellipsoids.Mercury1968Mod: Ellipsoid(name='Mercury1968Mod', a=6378150, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356768.33724438)

47@var Ellipsoids.NWL1965: Ellipsoid(name='NWL1965', a=6378145, f=0.00335289, f_=298.25, b=6356759.76948868)

48@var Ellipsoids.OSU86F: Ellipsoid(name='OSU86F', a=6378136.2, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572236, b=6356751.51693008)

49@var Ellipsoids.OSU91A: Ellipsoid(name='OSU91A', a=6378136.3, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572236, b=6356751.6165948)

50@var Ellipsoids.Plessis1817: Ellipsoid(name='Plessis1817', a=6376523, f=0.00324002, f_=308.64, b=6355862.93325557)

51@var Ellipsoids.PZ90: Ellipsoid(name='PZ90', a=6378136, f=0.0033528, f_=298.2578393, b=6356751.36174571)

52@var Ellipsoids.SGS85: Ellipsoid(name='SGS85', a=6378136, f=0.00335281, f_=298.257, b=6356751.30156878)

53@var Ellipsoids.SoAmerican1969: Ellipsoid(name='SoAmerican1969', a=6378160, f=0.00335289, f_=298.25, b=6356774.71919531)

54@var Ellipsoids.Sphere: Ellipsoid(name='Sphere', a=6371008.771415, f=0, f_=0, b=6371008.771415)

55@var Ellipsoids.SphereAuthalic: Ellipsoid(name='SphereAuthalic', a=6371000, f=0, f_=0, b=6371000)

56@var Ellipsoids.SpherePopular: Ellipsoid(name='SpherePopular', a=6378137, f=0, f_=0, b=6378137)

57@var Ellipsoids.Struve1860: Ellipsoid(name='Struve1860', a=6378298.3, f=0.00339294, f_=294.73, b=6356657.14266956)

58@var Ellipsoids.WGS60: Ellipsoid(name='WGS60', a=6378165, f=0.00335233, f_=298.3, b=6356783.28695944)

59@var Ellipsoids.WGS66: Ellipsoid(name='WGS66', a=6378145, f=0.00335289, f_=298.25, b=6356759.76948868)

60@var Ellipsoids.WGS72: Ellipsoid(name='WGS72', a=6378135, f=0.00335278, f_=298.26, b=6356750.52001609)

61@var Ellipsoids.WGS84: Ellipsoid(name='WGS84', a=6378137, f=0.00335281, f_=298.25722356, b=6356752.31424518)

62@var Ellipsoids.WGS84_NGS: Ellipsoid(name='WGS84_NGS', a=6378137, f=0.00335281, f_=298.2572221, b=6356752.31414035)

63'''

64# make sure int/int division yields float quotient, see .basics

65 from __future__ import division as _; del _ # PYCHOK semicolon

66

67 from pygeodesy.basics import copysign0, isbool, isint

68 from pygeodesy.constants import EPS, EPS0, EPS02, EPS1, INF, NINF, PI4, PI_2, PI_3, R_M, R_MA, R_FM, \

69 _EPSqrt, _EPStol as _TOL, _floatuple as _T, _isfinite, \

70 _0_0s, _0_0, _0_5, _1_0, _1_EPS, _2_0, _4_0, _90_0, \

71 _0_25, _3_0 # PYCHOK used!

72 from pygeodesy.errors import _AssertionError, IntersectionError, _ValueError, _xattr, _xkwds_not

73 from pygeodesy.fmath import cbrt, cbrt2, fdot, Fhorner, fpowers, hypot, hypot_, \

74 hypot1, hypot2, sqrt3, Fsum

75# from pygeodesy.fsums import Fsum # from .fmath

76 from pygeodesy.interns import NN, _a_, _Airy1830_, _AiryModified_, _b_, _Bessel1841_, _beta_, \

77 _Clarke1866_, _Clarke1880IGN_, _DOT_, _f_, _GRS80_, _height_, \

78 _Intl1924_, _incompatible_, _invalid_, _Krassovski1940_, \

79 _Krassowsky1940_, _lat_, _meridional_, _negative_, _not_finite_, \

80 _prime_vertical_, _radius_, _Sphere_, _SPACE_, _vs_, _WGS72_, _WGS84_

81# from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY, _ALL_MODS as _MODS # from .named

82 from pygeodesy.named import _lazyNamedEnumItem as _lazy, _name__, _NamedEnum, \

83 _NamedEnumItem, _NamedTuple, _Pass, _ALL_LAZY, _MODS

84 from pygeodesy.namedTuples import Distance2Tuple, Vector3Tuple, Vector4Tuple

85 from pygeodesy.props import deprecated_Property_RO, Property_RO, property_doc_, \

86 deprecated_property_RO, property_RO, property_ROver

87 from pygeodesy.streprs import Fmt, fstr, instr, strs, unstr

88# from pygeodesy.triaxials import _hartzell3 # _MODS

89 from pygeodesy.units import Bearing_, Distance, Float, Float_, Height, Lamd, Lat, Meter, \

90 Meter2, Meter3, Phi, Phid, Radius, Radius_, Scalar

91 from pygeodesy.utily import atan1, atan1d, atan2b, degrees90, m2radians, radians2m, sincos2d

92

93 from math import asinh, atan, atanh, cos, degrees, exp, fabs, radians, sin, sinh, sqrt, tan

94

95__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.ellipsoids

96__version__ = '24.10.15'

97

98_f_0_0 = Float(f =_0_0) # zero flattening

99_f__0_0 = Float(f_=_0_0) # zero inverse flattening

100# see U{WGS84_f<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Constants.html>}

101_f__WGS84 = Float(f_=_1_0 / (1000000000 / 298257223563)) # 298.25722356299997 vs 298.257223563

102

103

104 def _aux(lat, inverse, auxLat, clip=90):

105 '''Return a named auxiliary latitude in C{degrees}.

106 '''

107 return Lat(lat, clip=clip, name=_lat_ if inverse else auxLat.__name__)

108

109

110 def _s2_c2(phi):

111 '''(INTERNAL) Return 2-tuple C{(sin(B{phi})**2, cos(B{phi})**2)}.

112 '''

113 if phi:

114 s2 = sin(phi)**2

115 if s2 > EPS:

116 c2 = _1_0 - s2

117 if c2 > EPS:

118 if c2 < EPS1:

119 return s2, c2

120 else:

121 return _1_0, _0_0 # phi == PI_2

122 return _0_0, _1_0 # phi == 0

123

124

125 class a_f2Tuple(_NamedTuple):

126 '''2-Tuple C{(a, f)} specifying an ellipsoid by I{equatorial}

127 radius C{a} in C{meter} and scalar I{flattening} C{f}.

128

129 @see: Class L{Ellipsoid2}.

130 '''

131 _Names_ = (_a_, _f_) # name 'f' not 'f_'

132 _Units_ = (_Pass, _Pass)

133

134 def __new__(cls, a, f, **name):

135 '''New L{a_f2Tuple} ellipsoid specification.

136

137 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

138 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

139 @kwarg name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

140

141 @return: An L{a_f2Tuple}C{(a, f)} instance.

142

143 @raise UnitError: Invalid B{C{a}} or B{C{f}}.

144

145 @note: C{abs(B{f}) < EPS} is forced to C{B{f}=0}, I{spherical}.

146 Negative C{B{f}} produces a I{prolate} ellipsoid.

147 '''

148 a = Radius_(a=a) # low=EPS, high=None

149 f = Float_( f=f, low=None, high=EPS1)

150 if fabs(f) < EPS: # force spherical

151 f = _f_0_0

152 return _NamedTuple.__new__(cls, a, f, **name)

153

154 @Property_RO

155 def b(self):

156 '''Get the I{polar} radius (C{meter}), M{a * (1 - f)}.

157 '''

158 return a_f2b(self.a, self.f) # PYCHOK .a and .f

159

160 def ellipsoid(self, **name):

161 '''Return an L{Ellipsoid} for this 2-tuple C{(a, f)}.

162

163 @kwarg name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

164

165 @raise NameError: A registered C{ellipsoid} with the

166 same B{C{name}} already exists.

167 '''

168 return Ellipsoid(self.a, f=self.f, name=self._name__(name)) # PYCHOK .a and .f

169

170 @Property_RO

171 def f_(self):

172 '''Get the I{inverse} flattening (C{scalar}), M{1 / f} == M{a / (a - b)}.

173 '''

174 return f2f_(self.f) # PYCHOK .f

175

176

177 class Circle4Tuple(_NamedTuple):

178 '''4-Tuple C{(radius, height, lat, beta)} of the C{radius} and C{height},

179 both conventionally in C{meter} of a parallel I{circle of latitude} at

180 (geodetic) latitude C{lat} and the I{parametric (or reduced) auxiliary

181 latitude} C{beta}, both in C{degrees90}.

182

183 The C{height} is the (signed) distance along the z-axis between the

184 parallel and the equator. At near-polar C{lat}s, the C{radius} is C{0},

185 the C{height} is the ellipsoid's (signed) polar radius and C{beta}

186 equals C{lat}.

187 '''

188 _Names_ = (_radius_, _height_, _lat_, _beta_)

189 _Units_ = ( Radius, Height, Lat, Lat)

190

191

192 class Curvature2Tuple(_NamedTuple):

193 '''2-Tuple C{(meridional, prime_vertical)} of radii of curvature, both in

194 C{meter}, conventionally.

195 '''

196 _Names_ = (_meridional_, _prime_vertical_)

197 _Units_ = ( Meter, Meter)

198

199 @property_RO

200 def transverse(self):

201 '''Get this I{prime_vertical}, aka I{transverse} radius of curvature.

202 '''

203 return self.prime_vertical

204

205

206 class Ellipsoid(_NamedEnumItem):

207 '''Ellipsoid with I{equatorial} and I{polar} radii, I{flattening}, I{inverse

208 flattening} and other, often used, I{cached} attributes, supporting

209 I{oblate} and I{prolate} ellipsoidal and I{spherical} earth models.

210 '''

211 _a = 0 # equatorial radius, semi-axis (C{meter})

212 _b = 0 # polar radius, semi-axis (C{meter}): a * (f - 1) / f

213 _f = 0 # (1st) flattening: (a - b) / a

214 _f_ = 0 # inverse flattening: 1 / f = a / (a - b)

215

216 _geodsolve = NN # means, use PYGEODESY_GEODSOLVE

217 _KsOrder = 8 # Krüger series order (4, 6 or 8)

218 _rhumbsolve = NN # means, use PYGEODESY_RHUMBSOLVE

219

220 def __init__(self, a, b=None, f_=None, f=None, **name):

221 '''New L{Ellipsoid} from the I{equatorial} radius I{and} either

222 the I{polar} radius or I{inverse flattening} or I{flattening}.

223

224 @arg a: Equatorial radius, semi-axis (C{meter}).

225 @arg b: Optional polar radius, semi-axis (C{meter}).

226 @arg f_: Inverse flattening: M{a / (a - b)} (C{float} >>> 1.0).

227 @arg f: Flattening: M{(a - b) / a} (C{scalar}, near zero for

228 spherical).

229 @kwarg name: Optional, unique C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

230

231 @raise NameError: Ellipsoid with the same B{C{name}} already exists.

232

233 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{a}}, B{C{b}}, B{C{f_}} or B{C{f}} or

234 B{C{f_}} and B{C{f}} are incompatible.

235

236 @note: M{abs(f_) > 1 / EPS} or M{abs(1 / f_) < EPS} is forced

237 to M{1 / f_ = 0}, spherical.

238 '''

239 ff_ = f, f_ # assertion below

240 n = _name__(**name) if name else NN

241 try:

242 a = Radius_(a=a) # low=EPS

243 if not _isfinite(a):

244 raise ValueError(_SPACE_(_a_, _not_finite_))

245

246 if b: # not in (_0_0, None)

247 b = Radius_(b=b) # low=EPS

248 f = a_b2f(a, b) if f is None else Float(f=f)

249 f_ = f2f_(f) if f_ is None else Float(f_=f_)

250 elif f is not None:

251 f = Float(f=f)

252 b = a_f2b(a, f)

253 f_ = f2f_(f) if f_ is None else Float(f_=f_)

254 elif f_:

255 f_ = Float(f_=f_)

256 b = a_f_2b(a, f_) # a * (f_ - 1) / f_

257 f = f_2f(f_)

258 else: # only a, spherical

259 f_ = f = 0

260 b = a # superfluous

261

262 if not f < _1_0: # sanity check, see .ecef.Ecef.__init__

263 raise ValueError(_SPACE_(_f_, _invalid_))

264 if not _isfinite(b):

265 raise ValueError(_SPACE_(_b_, _not_finite_))

266

267 if fabs(f) < EPS or a == b or not f_: # spherical

268 b = a

269 f = _f_0_0

270 f_ = _f__0_0

271

272 except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:

273 d = _xkwds_not(None, b=b, f_=f_, f=f)

274 t = instr(self, a=a, name=n, **d)

275 raise _ValueError(t, cause=x)

276

277 self._a = a

278 self._b = b

279 self._f = f

280 self._f_ = f_

281

282 self._register(Ellipsoids, n)

283

284 if f and f_: # see test/testEllipsoidal

285 d = dict(eps=_TOL)

286 if None in ff_: # both f_ and f given

287 d.update(Error=_ValueError, txt=_incompatible_)

288 self._assert(_1_0 / f, f_=f_, **d)

289 self._assert(_1_0 / f_, f =f, **d)

290 self._assert(self.b2_a2, e21=self.e21, eps=EPS)

291

292 def __eq__(self, other):

293 '''Compare this and an other ellipsoid.

294

295 @arg other: The other ellipsoid (L{Ellipsoid} or L{Ellipsoid2}).

296

297 @return: C{True} if equal, C{False} otherwise.

298 '''

299 return self is other or (isinstance(other, Ellipsoid) and

300 self.a == other.a and

301 (self.f == other.f or self.b == other.b))

302

303 def __hash__(self):

304 return self._hash # memoized

305

306 @Property_RO

307 def a(self):

308 '''Get the I{equatorial} radius, semi-axis (C{meter}).

309 '''

310 return self._a

311

312 equatoradius = a # = Requatorial

313

314 @Property_RO

315 def a2(self):

316 '''Get the I{equatorial} radius I{squared} (C{meter} I{squared}), M{a**2}.

317 '''

318 return Meter2(a2=self.a**2)

319

320 @Property_RO

321 def a2_(self):

322 '''Get the inverse of the I{equatorial} radius I{squared} (C{meter} I{squared}), M{1 / a**2}.

323 '''

324 return Float(a2_=_1_0 / self.a2)

325

326 @Property_RO

327 def a_b(self):

328 '''Get the ratio I{equatorial} over I{polar} radius (C{float}), M{a / b} == M{1 / (1 - f)}.

329 '''

330 return Float(a_b=self.a / self.b if self.f else _1_0)

331

332 @Property_RO

333 def a2_b(self):

334 '''Get the I{polar} meridional (or polar) radius of curvature (C{meter}), M{a**2 / b}.

335

336 @see: U{Radii of Curvature

337 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}

338 and U{Moritz, H. (1980), Geodetic Reference System 1980

339 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#cite_note-Moritz-2>}.

340

341 @note: Symbol C{c} is used by IUGG and IERS for the U{polar radius of curvature

342 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}, see L{c2}

343 and L{R2} or L{Rauthalic}.

344 '''

345 return Radius(a2_b=self.a2 / self.b if self.f else self.a) # = rocPolar

346

347 @Property_RO

348 def a2_b2(self):

349 '''Get the ratio I{equatorial} over I{polar} radius I{squared} (C{float}),

350 M{(a / b)**2} == M{1 / (1 - e**2)} == M{1 / (1 - e2)} == M{1 / e21}.

351 '''

352 return Float(a2_b2=self.a_b**2 if self.f else _1_0)

353

354 @Property_RO

355 def a_f(self):

356 '''Get the I{equatorial} radius and I{flattening} (L{a_f2Tuple}), see method C{toEllipsoid2}.

357 '''

358 return a_f2Tuple(self.a, self.f, name=self.name)

359

360 @Property_RO

361 def A(self):

362 '''Get the UTM I{meridional (or rectifying)} radius (C{meter}).

363

364 @see: I{Meridian arc unit} U{Q<https://StudyLib.net/doc/7443565/>}.

365 '''

366 A, n = self.a, self.n

367 if n:

368 d = (n + _1_0) * 1048576 / A

369 if d: # use 6 n**2 terms, half-way between the _KsOrder's 4, 6, 8

370 # <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/tmseries30.html>

371 # <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/transversemercator.html> and

372 # <https://www.MyGeodesy.id.AU/documents/Karney-Krueger%20equations.pdf> (3)

373 # A *= fhorner(n**2, 1048576, 262144, 16384, 4096, 1600, 784, 441) / 1048576) / (1 + n)

374 A = Radius(A=Fhorner(n**2, 1048576, 262144, 16384, 4096, 1600, 784, 441).fover(d))

375 return A

376

377 @Property_RO

378 def _albersCyl(self):

379 '''(INTERNAL) Helper for C{auxAuthalic}.

380 '''

381 return _MODS.albers.AlbersEqualAreaCylindrical(datum=self, name=self.name)

382

383 @Property_RO

384 def AlphaKs(self):

385 '''Get the I{Krüger} U{Alpha series coefficients<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/tmseries30.html>} (C{KsOrder}C{-tuple}).

386 '''

387 return self._Kseries( # XXX int/int quotients may require from __future__ import division as _; del _ # PYCHOK semicolon

388 # n n**2 n**3 n**4 n**5 n**6 n**7 n**8

389 _T(1/2, -2/3, 5/16, 41/180, -127/288, 7891/37800, 72161/387072, -18975107/50803200),

390 _T(13/48, -3/5, 557/1440, 281/630, -1983433/1935360, 13769/28800, 148003883/174182400), # PYCHOK unaligned

391 _T(61/240, -103/140, 15061/26880, 167603/181440, -67102379/29030400, 79682431/79833600), # PYCHOK unaligned

392 _T(49561/161280, -179/168, 6601661/7257600, 97445/49896, -40176129013/7664025600), # PYCHOK unaligned

393 _T(34729/80640, -3418889/1995840, 14644087/9123840, 2605413599/622702080), # PYCHOK unaligned

394 _T(212378941/319334400, -30705481/10378368, 175214326799/58118860800), # PYCHOK unaligned

395 _T(1522256789/1383782400, -16759934899/3113510400), # PYCHOK unaligned

396 _T(1424729850961/743921418240)) # PYCHOK unaligned

397

398 @Property_RO

399 def area(self):

400 '''Get the ellipsoid's surface area (C{meter} I{squared}), M{4 * PI * c2}.

401

402 @see: Properties L{areax}, L{c2} and L{R2} and functions

403 L{ellipsoidalExact.areaOf} and L{ellipsoidalKarney.areaOf}.

404 '''

405 return Meter2(area=self.c2 * PI4)

406

407 @Property_RO

408 def areax(self):

409 '''Get the ellipsoid's surface area (C{meter} I{squared}), M{4 * PI * c2x}, more

410 accurate for very I{oblate} ellipsoids.

411

412 @see: Properties L{area}, L{c2x} and L{R2x}, class L{GeodesicExact} and

413 functions L{ellipsoidalExact.areaOf} and L{ellipsoidalKarney.areaOf}.

414 '''

415 return Meter2(areax=self.c2x * PI4)

416

417 def _assert(self, val, eps=_TOL, f0=_0_0, Error=_AssertionError, txt=NN, **name_value):

418 '''(INTERNAL) Assert a C{name=value} vs C{val}.

419 '''

420 for n, v in name_value.items():

421 if fabs(v - val) > eps: # PYCHOK no cover

422 t = (v, _vs_, val)

423 t = _SPACE_.join(strs(t, prec=12, fmt=Fmt.g))

424 t = Fmt.EQUAL(self._DOT_(n), t)

425 raise Error(t, txt=txt or Fmt.exceeds_eps(eps))

426 return Float(v if self.f else f0, name=n)

427 raise Error(unstr(self._DOT_(self._assert.__name__), val,

428 eps=eps, f0=f0, **name_value))

429

430 def auxAuthalic(self, lat, inverse=False):

431 '''Compute the I{authalic} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

432

433 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{authalic}) latitude (C{degrees90}).

434 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the I{authalic} and

435 return the geodetic latitude (C{bool}).

436

437 @return: The I{authalic} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees90}.

438

439 @see: U{Inverse-/AuthalicLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

440 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Authalic latitude

441 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Authalic_latitude>}, and

442 U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, p 16.

443 '''

444 if self.f:

445 f = self._albersCyl._tanf if inverse else self._albersCyl._txif # PYCHOK attr

446 lat = atan1d(f(tan(Phid(lat)))) # PYCHOK attr

447 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxAuthalic)

448

449 def auxConformal(self, lat, inverse=False):

450 '''Compute the I{conformal} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

451

452 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{conformal}) latitude (C{degrees90}).

453 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the I{conformal} and

454 return the geodetic latitude (C{bool}).

455

456 @return: The I{conformal} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees90}.

457

458 @see: U{Inverse-/ConformalLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

459 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Conformal latitude

460 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Conformal_latitude>}, and

461 U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, pp 15-16.

462 '''

463 if self.f:

464 f = self.es_tauf if inverse else self.es_taupf # PYCHOK attr

465 lat = atan1d(f(tan(Phid(lat)))) # PYCHOK attr

466 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxConformal)

467

468 def auxGeocentric(self, lat, inverse=False):

469 '''Compute the I{geocentric} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

470

471 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{geocentric}) latitude (C{degrees90}).

472 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the geocentric and

473 return the I{geocentric} latitude (C{bool}).

474

475 @return: The I{geocentric} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees90}.

476

477 @see: U{Inverse-/GeocentricLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

478 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Geocentric latitude

479 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Geocentric_latitude>}, and

480 U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, pp 17-18.

481 '''

482 if self.f:

483 f = self.a2_b2 if inverse else self.b2_a2

484 lat = atan1d(f * tan(Phid(lat)))

485 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxGeocentric)

486

487 def auxIsometric(self, lat, inverse=False):

488 '''Compute the I{isometric} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

489

490 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{isometric}) latitude (C{degrees}).

491 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the I{isometric} and

492 return the geodetic latitude (C{bool}).

493

494 @return: The I{isometric} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees}.

495

496 @note: The I{isometric} latitude for geodetic C{+/-90} is far

497 outside the C{[-90..+90]} range but the inverse

498 thereof is the original geodetic latitude.

499

500 @see: U{Inverse-/IsometricLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

501 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Isometric latitude

502 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Isometric_latitude>}, and

503 U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, pp 15-16.

504 '''

505 if self.f:

506 r = Phid(lat, clip=0)

507 lat = degrees(atan1(self.es_tauf(sinh(r))) if inverse else

508 asinh(self.es_taupf(tan(r))))

509 # clip=0, since auxIsometric(+/-90) is far outside [-90..+90]

510 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxIsometric, clip=0)

511

512 def auxParametric(self, lat, inverse=False):

513 '''Compute the I{parametric} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

514

515 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{parametric}) latitude (C{degrees90}).

516 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the I{parametric} and

517 return the geodetic latitude (C{bool}).

518

519 @return: The I{parametric} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees90}.

520

521 @see: U{Inverse-/ParametricLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

522 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Parametric latitude

523 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Parametric_(or_reduced)_latitude>},

524 and U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, p 18.

525 '''

526 if self.f:

527 lat = self._beta(Lat(lat), inverse=inverse)

528 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxParametric)

529

530 auxReduced = auxParametric # synonymous

531

532 def auxRectifying(self, lat, inverse=False):

533 '''Compute the I{rectifying} auxiliary latitude or the I{inverse} thereof.

534

535 @arg lat: The geodetic (or I{rectifying}) latitude (C{degrees90}).

536 @kwarg inverse: If C{True}, B{C{lat}} is the I{rectifying} and

537 return the geodetic latitude (C{bool}).

538

539 @return: The I{rectifying} (or geodetic) latitude in C{degrees90}.

540

541 @see: U{Inverse-/RectifyingLatitude<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

542 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}, U{Rectifying latitude

543 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude#Rectifying_latitude>}, and

544 U{Snyder<https://Pubs.USGS.gov/pp/1395/report.pdf>}, pp 16-17.

545 '''

546 if self.f:

547 lat = Lat(lat)

548 if 0 < fabs(lat) < _90_0:

549 if inverse:

550 e = self._elliptic_e22

551 d = degrees90(e.fEinv(e.cE * lat / _90_0))

552 lat = self.auxParametric(d, inverse=True)

553 else:

554 lat = _90_0 * self.Llat(lat) / self.L

555 return _aux(lat, inverse, Ellipsoid.auxRectifying)

556

557 @Property_RO

558 def b(self):

559 '''Get the I{polar} radius, semi-axis (C{meter}).

560 '''

561 return self._b

562

563 polaradius = b # = Rpolar

564

565 @Property_RO

566 def b_a(self):

567 '''Get the ratio I{polar} over I{equatorial} radius (C{float}), M{b / a == f1 == 1 - f}.

568

569 @see: Property L{f1}.

570 '''

571 return self._assert(self.b / self.a, b_a=self.f1, f0=_1_0)

572

573 @Property_RO

574 def b2(self):

575 '''Get the I{polar} radius I{squared} (C{float}), M{b**2}.

576 '''

577 return Meter2(b2=self.b**2)

578

579 @Property_RO

580 def b2_a(self):

581 '''Get the I{equatorial} meridional radius of curvature (C{meter}), M{b**2 / a}, see C{rocMeridional}C{(0)}.

582

583 @see: U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

584 '''

585 return Radius(b2_a=self.b2 / self.a if self.f else self.b)

586

587 @Property_RO

588 def b2_a2(self):

589 '''Get the ratio I{polar} over I{equatorial} radius I{squared} (C{float}), M{(b / a)**2}

590 == M{(1 - f)**2} == M{1 - e**2} == C{e21}.

591 '''

592 return Float(b2_a2=self.b_a**2 if self.f else _1_0)

593

594 def _beta(self, lat, inverse=False):

595 '''(INTERNAL) Get the I{parametric (or reduced) auxiliary latitude} or inverse thereof.

596 '''

597 s, c = sincos2d(lat) # like Karney's tand(lat)

598 s *= self.a_b if inverse else self.b_a

599 return atan1d(s, c)

600

601 @Property_RO

602 def BetaKs(self):

603 '''Get the I{Krüger} U{Beta series coefficients<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/tmseries30.html>} (C{KsOrder}C{-tuple}).

604 '''

605 return self._Kseries( # XXX int/int quotients may require from __future__ import division as _; del _ # PYCHOK semicolon

606 # n n**2 n**3 n**4 n**5 n**6 n**7 n**8

607 _T(1/2, -2/3, 37/96, -1/360, -81/512, 96199/604800, -5406467/38707200, 7944359/67737600),

608 _T(1/48, 1/15, -437/1440, 46/105, -1118711/3870720, 51841/1209600, 24749483/348364800), # PYCHOK unaligned

609 _T(17/480, -37/840, -209/4480, 5569/90720, 9261899/58060800, -6457463/17740800), # PYCHOK unaligned

610 _T(4397/161280, -11/504, -830251/7257600, 466511/2494800, 324154477/7664025600), # PYCHOK unaligned

611 _T(4583/161280, -108847/3991680, -8005831/63866880, 22894433/124540416), # PYCHOK unaligned

612 _T(20648693/638668800, -16363163/518918400, -2204645983/12915302400), # PYCHOK unaligne

613 _T(219941297/5535129600, -497323811/12454041600), # PYCHOK unaligned

614 _T(191773887257/3719607091200)) # PYCHOK unaligned

615

616 @deprecated_Property_RO

617 def c(self): # PYCHOK no cover

618 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{R2} or C{Rauthalic}.'''

619 return self.R2

620

621 @Property_RO

622 def c2(self):

623 '''Get the I{authalic} earth radius I{squared} (C{meter} I{squared}).

624

625 @see: Properties L{c2x}, L{area}, L{R2}, L{Rauthalic}, I{Karney's} U{equation (60)

626 <https://Link.Springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00190-012-0578-z>} and C++ U{Ellipsoid.Area

627 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>},

628 U{Authalic radius<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Authalic_radius>}, U{Surface area

629 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid>} and U{surface area

630 <https://www.Numericana.com/answer/geometry.htm#oblate>}.

631 '''

632 return self._c2f(False)

633

634 @Property_RO

635 def c2x(self):

636 '''Get the I{authalic} earth radius I{squared} (C{meter} I{squared}), more accurate for very I{oblate}

637 ellipsoids.

638

639 @see: Properties L{c2}, L{areax}, L{R2x}, L{Rauthalicx}, class L{GeodesicExact} and I{Karney}'s comments at C++

640 attribute U{GeodesicExact._c2<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/GeodesicExact_8cpp_source.html>}.

641 '''

642 return self._c2f(True)

643

644 def _c2f(self, c2x):

645 '''(INTERNAL) Helper for C{.c2} and C{.c2x}.

646 '''

647 f, c2 = self.f, self.b2

648 if f:

649 e = self.e

650 if e > EPS0:

651 if f > 0: # .isOblate

652 c2 *= (asinh(sqrt(self.e22abs)) if c2x else atanh(e)) / e

653 elif f < 0: # .isProlate

654 c2 *= atan1(e) / e # XXX asin?

655 c2 = Meter2(c2=(self.a2 + c2) * _0_5)

656 return c2

657

658 def circle4(self, lat):

659 '''Get the equatorial or a parallel I{circle of latitude}.

660

661 @arg lat: Geodetic latitude (C{degrees90}, C{str}).

662

663 @return: A L{Circle4Tuple}C{(radius, height, lat, beta)}

664 instance.

665

666 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

667 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

668

669 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

670

671 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

672

673 @see: Definition of U{I{p} and I{z} under B{Parametric (or reduced) latitude}

674 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Latitude>}, I{Karney's} C++ U{CircleRadius and CircleHeight

675 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}

676 and method C{Rlat}.

677 '''

678 lat = Lat(lat)

679 if lat:

680 b = lat

681 if fabs(lat) < _90_0:

682 if self.f:

683 b = self._beta(lat)

684 z, r = sincos2d(b)

685 r *= self.a

686 z *= self.b

687 else: # near-polar

688 r, z = _0_0, copysign0(self.b, lat)

689 else: # equator

690 r = self.a

691 z = lat = b = _0_0

692 return Circle4Tuple(r, z, lat, b)

693

694 def degrees2m(self, deg, lat=0):

695 '''Convert an angle to the distance along the equator or

696 along a parallel of (geodetic) latitude.

697

698 @arg deg: The angle (C{degrees}).

699 @kwarg lat: Parallel latitude (C{degrees90}, C{str}).

700

701 @return: Distance (C{meter}, same units as the equatorial

702 and polar radii) or C{0} for near-polar B{C{lat}}.

703

704 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

705 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

706

707 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{deg}} or B{C{lat}}.

708 '''

709 return self.radians2m(radians(deg), lat=lat)

710

711 def distance2(self, lat0, lon0, lat1, lon1):

712 '''I{Approximate} the distance and (initial) bearing between

713 two points based on the U{local, flat earth approximation

714 <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>} aka U{Hubeny

715 <https://www.OVG.AT/de/vgi/files/pdf/3781/>} formula.

716

717 I{Suitable only for distances of several hundred Km or Miles

718 and only between points not near-polar}.

719

720 @arg lat0: From latitude (C{degrees}).

721 @arg lon0: From longitude (C{degrees}).

722 @arg lat1: To latitude (C{degrees}).

723 @arg lon1: To longitude (C{degrees}).

724

725 @return: A L{Distance2Tuple}C{(distance, initial)} with C{distance}

726 in same units as this ellipsoid's axes.

727

728 @note: The meridional and prime_vertical radii of curvature are

729 taken and scaled I{at the initial latitude}, see C{roc2}.

730

731 @see: Function L{pygeodesy.flatLocal}/L{pygeodesy.hubeny}.

732 '''

733 phi0 = Phid(lat0=lat0)

734 m, n = self.roc2_(phi0, scaled=True)

735 m *= Phid(lat1=lat1) - phi0

736 n *= Lamd(lon1=lon1) - Lamd(lon0=lon0)

737 return Distance2Tuple(hypot(m, n), atan2b(n, m))

738

739 @Property_RO

740 def e(self):

741 '''Get the I{unsigned, (1st) eccentricity} (C{float}), M{sqrt(1 - (b / a)**2))}, see C{a_b2e}.

742

743 @see: Property L{es}.

744 '''

745 return Float(e=sqrt(self.e2abs) if self.e2 else _0_0)

746

747 @deprecated_Property_RO

748 def e12(self): # see property ._e12

749 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{e21}.'''

750 return self.e21

751

752# @Property_RO

753# def _e12(self): # see property ._elliptic_e12

754# # (INTERNAL) until e12 above can be replaced with e21.

755# return self.e2 / (_1_0 - self.e2) # see I{Karney}'s Ellipsoid._e12 = e2 / (1 - e2)

756

757 @Property_RO

758 def e2(self):

759 '''Get the I{signed, (1st) eccentricity squared} (C{float}), M{f * (2 - f)

760 == 1 - (b / a)**2}, see C{a_b2e2}.

761 '''

762 return self._assert(a_b2e2(self.a, self.b), e2=f2e2(self.f))

763

764 @Property_RO

765 def e2abs(self):

766 '''Get the I{unsigned, (1st) eccentricity squared} (C{float}).

767 '''

768 return fabs(self.e2)

769

770 @Property_RO

771 def e21(self):

772 '''Get 1 less I{1st eccentricity squared} (C{float}), M{1 - e**2}

773 == M{1 - e2} == M{(1 - f)**2} == M{b**2 / a**2}, see C{b2_a2}.

774 '''

775 return self._assert((_1_0 - self.f)**2, e21=_1_0 - self.e2, f0=_1_0)

776

777# _e2m = e21 # see I{Karney}'s Ellipsoid._e2m = 1 - _e2

778 _1_e21 = a2_b2 # == M{1 / e21} == M{1 / (1 - e**2)}

779

780 @Property_RO

781 def e22(self):

782 '''Get the I{signed, 2nd eccentricity squared} (C{float}), M{e2 / (1 - e2)

783 == e2 / (1 - f)**2 == (a / b)**2 - 1}, see C{a_b2e22}.

784 '''

785 return self._assert(a_b2e22(self.a, self.b), e22=f2e22(self.f))

786

787 @Property_RO

788 def e22abs(self):

789 '''Get the I{unsigned, 2nd eccentricity squared} (C{float}).

790 '''

791 return fabs(self.e22)

792

793 @Property_RO

794 def e32(self):

795 '''Get the I{signed, 3rd eccentricity squared} (C{float}), M{e2 / (2 - e2)

796 == (a**2 - b**2) / (a**2 + b**2)}, see C{a_b2e32}.

797 '''

798 return self._assert(a_b2e32(self.a, self.b), e32=f2e32(self.f))

799

800 @Property_RO

801 def e32abs(self):

802 '''Get the I{unsigned, 3rd eccentricity squared} (C{float}).

803 '''

804 return fabs(self.e32)

805

806 @Property_RO

807 def e4(self):

808 '''Get the I{unsignd, (1st) eccentricity} to 4th power (C{float}), M{e**4 == e2**2}.

809 '''

810 return Float(e4=self.e2**2 if self.e2 else _0_0)

811

812 eccentricity = e # eccentricity

813# eccentricity2 = e2 # eccentricity squared

814 eccentricity1st2 = e2 # first eccentricity squared, signed

815 eccentricity2nd2 = e22 # second eccentricity squared, signed

816 eccentricity3rd2 = e32 # third eccentricity squared, signed

817

818 def ecef(self, Ecef=None):

819 '''Return U{ECEF<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/ECEF>} converter.

820

821 @kwarg Ecef: ECEF class to use, default L{EcefKarney}.

822

823 @return: An ECEF converter for this C{ellipsoid}.

824

825 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{Ecef}}.

826

827 @see: Module L{pygeodesy.ecef}.

828 '''

829 return _MODS.ecef._4Ecef(self, Ecef)

830

831 @Property_RO

832 def _elliptic_e12(self): # see I{Karney}'s Ellipsoid._e12

833 '''(INTERNAL) Elliptic helper for C{Rhumb}.

834 '''

835 e12 = self.e2 / (self.e2 - _1_0) # NOT DEPRECATED .e12!

836 return _MODS.elliptic.Elliptic(e12)

837

838 @Property_RO

839 def _elliptic_e22(self): # aka ._elliptic_ep2

840 '''(INTERNAL) Elliptic helper for C{auxRectifying}, C{L}, C{Llat}.

841 '''

842 return _MODS.elliptic.Elliptic(-self.e22abs) # complex

843

844 equatoradius = a # Requatorial

845

846 def e2s(self, s):

847 '''Compute norm M{sqrt(1 - e2 * s**2)}.

848

849 @arg s: Sine value (C{scalar}).

850

851 @return: Norm (C{float}).

852

853 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{s}}.

854 '''

855 return sqrt(self.e2s2(s)) if self.e2 else _1_0

856

857 def e2s2(self, s):

858 '''Compute M{1 - e2 * s**2}.

859

860 @arg s: Sine value (C{scalar}).

861

862 @return: Result (C{float}).

863

864 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{s}}.

865 '''

866 r = _1_0

867 if self.e2:

868 try:

869 r -= self.e2 * Scalar(s=s)**2

870 if r < 0:

871 raise ValueError(_negative_)

872 except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:

873 t = self._DOT_(Ellipsoid.e2s2.__name__)

874 raise _ValueError(t, s, cause=x)

875 return r

876

877 @Property_RO

878 def es(self):

879 '''Get the I{signed (1st) eccentricity} (C{float}).

880

881 @see: Property L{e}.

882 '''

883 # note, self.e is always non-negative

884 return Float(es=copysign0(self.e, self.f)) # see .ups

885

886 def es_atanh(self, x):

887 '''Compute M{es * atanh(es * x)} or M{-es * atan(es * x)}

888 for I{oblate} respectively I{prolate} ellipsoids where

889 I{es} is the I{signed} (1st) eccentricity.

890

891 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{x}}.

892

893 @see: Function U{Math::eatanhe<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

894 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html>}.

895 '''

896 return self._es_atanh(Scalar(x=x)) if self.f else _0_0

897

898 def _es_atanh(self, x): # see .albers._atanhee, .AuxLat._atanhee

899 '''(INTERNAL) Helper for .es_atanh, ._es_taupf2 and ._exp_es_atanh.

900 '''

901 es = self.es # signOf(es) == signOf(f)

902 return es * (atanh(es * x) if es > 0 else # .isOblate

903 (-atan(es * x) if es < 0 else # .isProlate

904 _0_0)) # .isSpherical

905

906 @Property_RO

907 def es_c(self):

908 '''Get M{(1 - f) * exp(es_atanh(1))} (C{float}), M{b_a * exp(es_atanh(1))}.

909 '''

910 return Float(es_c=(self._exp_es_atanh_1 * self.b_a) if self.f else _1_0)

911

912 def es_tauf(self, taup):

913 '''Compute I{Karney}'s U{equations (19), (20) and (21)

914 <https://ArXiv.org/abs/1002.1417>}.

915

916 @see: I{Karney}'s C++ method U{Math::tauf<https://GeographicLib.

917 SourceForge.io/C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html>} and

918 and I{Veness}' JavaScript method U{toLatLon<https://www.

919 Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-utm-mgrs.html>}.

920 '''

921 t = Scalar(taup=taup)

922 if self.f: # .isEllipsoidal

923 a = fabs(t)

924 T = t * (self._exp_es_atanh_1 if a > 70 else self._1_e21)

925 if fabs(T * _EPSqrt) < _2_0: # handles +/- INF and NAN

926 s = (a * _TOL) if a > _1_0 else _TOL

927 for T, _, d in self._es_tauf3(t, T): # max 2

928 if fabs(d) < s:

929 break

930 t = Scalar(tauf=T)

931 return t

932

933 def _es_tauf3(self, taup, T, N=9): # in .utm.Utm._toLLEB

934 '''(INTERNAL) Yield a 3-tuple C{(τi, iteration, delta)} for at most

935 B{C{N}} Newton iterations, converging rapidly except when C{delta}

936 toggles on +/-1.12e-16 or +/-4.47e-16, see C{.utm.Utm._toLLEB}.

937 '''

938 e = self._1_e21

939 _F2_ = Fsum(T).fsum2f_ # τ0

940 _tf2 = self._es_taupf2

941 for i in range(1, N + 1):

942 a, h = _tf2(T)

943 d = (taup - a) * (e + T**2) / (hypot1(a) * h)

944 # = (taup - a) / hypot1(a) / ((e + T**2) / h)

945 T, d = _F2_(d) # τi, (τi - τi-1)

946 yield T, i, d

947

948 def es_taupf(self, tau):

949 '''Compute I{Karney}'s U{equations (7), (8) and (9)

950 <https://ArXiv.org/abs/1002.1417>}.

951

952 @see: I{Karney}'s C++ method U{Math::taupf<https://GeographicLib.

953 SourceForge.io/C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Math.html>}.

954 '''

955 t = Scalar(tau=tau)

956 if self.f: # .isEllipsoidal

957 t, _ = self._es_taupf2(t)

958 t = Scalar(taupf=t)

959 return t

960

961 def _es_taupf2(self, tau):

962 '''(INTERNAL) Return 2-tuple C{(es_taupf(tau), hypot1(tau))}.

963 '''

964 if _isfinite(tau):

965 h = hypot1(tau)

966 s = sinh(self._es_atanh(tau / h))

967 a = hypot1(s) * tau - h * s

968 else:

969 a, h = tau, INF

970 return a, h

971

972 @Property_RO

973 def _exp_es_atanh_1(self):

974 '''(INTERNAL) Helper for .es_c and .es_tauf.

975 '''

976 return exp(self._es_atanh(_1_0)) if self.es else _1_0

977

978 @Property_RO

979 def f(self):

980 '''Get the I{flattening} (C{scalar}), M{(a - b) / a}, C{0} for spherical, negative for prolate.

981 '''

982 return self._f

983

984 @Property_RO

985 def f_(self):

986 '''Get the I{inverse flattening} (C{scalar}), M{1 / f} == M{a / (a - b)}, C{0} for spherical, see C{a_b2f_}.

987 '''

988 return self._f_

989

990 @Property_RO

991 def f1(self):

992 '''Get the I{1 - flattening} (C{float}), M{f1 == 1 - f == b / a}.

993

994 @see: Property L{b_a}.

995 '''

996 return Float(f1=_1_0 - self.f)

997

998 @Property_RO

999 def f2(self):

1000 '''Get the I{2nd flattening} (C{float}), M{(a - b) / b == f / (1 - f)}, C{0} for spherical, see C{a_b2f2}.

1001 '''

1002 return self._assert(self.a_b - _1_0, f2=f2f2(self.f))

1003

1004 @deprecated_Property_RO

1005 def geodesic(self):

1006 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{geodesicw}.'''

1007 return self.geodesicw

1008

1009 def geodesic_(self, exact=True):

1010 '''Get the an I{exact} C{Geodesic...} instance for this ellipsoid.

1011

1012 @kwarg exact: If C{bool} return L{GeodesicExact}C{(exact=B{exact}, ...)},

1013 otherwise a L{Geodesic}, L{GeodesicExact} or L{GeodesicSolve}

1014 instance for I{this} ellipsoid.

1015

1016 @return: The C{exact} geodesic (C{Geodesic...}).

1017

1018 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{exact}}.

1019

1020 @raise ValueError: Incompatible B{C{exact}} ellipsoid.

1021 '''

1022 if isbool(exact): # for consistenccy with C{.rhumb_}

1023 g = _MODS.geodesicx.GeodesicExact(self, C4order=30 if exact else 24,

1024 name=self.name)

1025 else:

1026 g = exact

1027 E = _xattr(g, ellipsoid=None)

1028 if not (E is self and isinstance(g, self._Geodesics)):

1029 raise _ValueError(exact=g, ellipsoid=E, txt_not_=self.name)

1030 return g

1031

1032 @property_ROver

1033 def _Geodesics(self):

1034 '''(INTERNAL) Get all C{Geodesic...} classes, I{once}.

1035 '''

1036 t = (_MODS.geodesicx.GeodesicExact,

1037 _MODS.geodsolve.GeodesicSolve)

1038 try:

1039 t += (_MODS.geodesicw.Geodesic,

1040 _MODS.geodesicw._wrapped.Geodesic)

1041 except ImportError:

1042 pass

1043 return t # overwrite property_ROver

1044

1045 @property_RO

1046 def geodesicw(self):

1047 '''Get this ellipsoid's I{wrapped} U{geodesicw.Geodesic

1048 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/Python/doc/code.html>}, provided

1049 I{Karney}'s U{geographiclib<https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib>}

1050 package is installed.

1051 '''

1052 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1053 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1054 return _MODS.geodesicw.Geodesic(self)

1055

1056 @property_RO

1057 def geodesicx(self):

1058 '''Get this ellipsoid's I{exact} L{GeodesicExact}.

1059 '''

1060 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1061 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1062 return _MODS.geodesicx.GeodesicExact(self, name=self.name)

1063

1064 @property

1065 def geodsolve(self):

1066 '''Get this ellipsoid's L{GeodesicSolve}, the I{wrapper} around utility

1067 U{GeodSolve<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/GeodSolve.1.html>},

1068 provided the path to the C{GeodSolve} executable is specified with env

1069 variable C{PYGEODESY_GEODSOLVE} or re-/set with this property..

1070 '''

1071 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1072 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1073 return _MODS.geodsolve.GeodesicSolve(self, path=self._geodsolve, name=self.name)

1074

1075 @geodsolve.setter # PYCHOK setter!

1076 def geodsolve(self, path):

1077 '''Re-/set the (fully qualified) path to the U{GeodSolve

1078 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/GeodSolve.1.html>} executable,

1079 overriding env variable C{PYGEODESY_GEODSOLVE} (C{str}).

1080 '''

1081 self._geodsolve = path

1082

1083 def hartzell4(self, pov, los=None):

1084 '''Compute the intersection of this ellipsoid's surface and a Line-Of-Sight

1085 from a Point-Of-View in space.

1086

1087 @arg pov: Point-Of-View outside this ellipsoid (C{Cartesian}, L{Ecef9Tuple}

1088 or L{Vector3d}).

1089 @kwarg los: Line-Of-Sight, I{direction} to this ellipsoid (L{Vector3d}) or

1090 C{None} to point to this ellipsoid's center.

1091

1092 @return: L{Vector4Tuple}C{(x, y, z, h)} with the cartesian coordinates C{x},

1093 C{y} and C{z} of the projection on or the intersection with this

1094 ellipsoid and the I{distance} C{h} from B{C{pov}} to C{(x, y, z)}

1095 along B{C{los}}, all in C{meter}, conventionally.

1096

1097 @raise IntersectionError: Null B{C{pov}} or B{C{los}} vector, or B{C{pov}}

1098 is inside this ellipsoid or B{C{los}} points

1099 outside this ellipsoid or points in an opposite

1100 direction.

1101

1102 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{pov}} or B{C{los}}.

1103

1104 @see: U{I{Satellite Line-of-Sight Intersection with Earth}<https://StephenHartzell.

1105 Medium.com/satellite-line-of-sight-intersection-with-earth-d786b4a6a9b6>} and

1106 methods L{Ellipsoid.height4} and L{Triaxial.hartzell4}.

1107 '''

1108 try:

1109 v, d, _ = _MODS.triaxials._hartzell3(pov, los, self._triaxial)

1110 except Exception as x:

1111 raise IntersectionError(pov=pov, los=los, cause=x)

1112 return Vector4Tuple(v.x, v.y, v.z, d, name__=self.hartzell4)

1113

1114 @Property_RO

1115 def _hash(self):

1116 return hash((self.a, self.f))

1117

1118 def height4(self, xyz, normal=True):

1119 '''Compute the projection on and the height of a cartesian above or below

1120 this ellipsoid's surface.

1121

1122 @arg xyz: The cartesian (C{Cartesian}, L{Ecef9Tuple}, L{Vector3d},

1123 L{Vector3Tuple} or L{Vector4Tuple}).

1124 @kwarg normal: If C{True}, the projection is perpendicular to (the nearest

1125 point on) this ellipsoid's surface, otherwise the C{radial}

1126 line to this ellipsoid's center (C{bool}).

1127

1128 @return: L{Vector4Tuple}C{(x, y, z, h)} with the cartesian coordinates C{x},

1129 C{y} and C{z} of the projection on and the height C{h} above or

1130 below this ellipsoid's surface, all in C{meter}, conventionally.

1131

1132 @raise ValueError: Null B{C{xyz}}.

1133

1134 @raise TypeError: Non-cartesian B{C{xyz}}.

1135

1136 @see: U{Distance to<https://StackOverflow.com/questions/22959698/distance-from-given-point-to-given-ellipse>}

1137 and U{intersection with<https://MathWorld.wolfram.com/Ellipse-LineIntersection.html>} an ellipse and

1138 methods L{Ellipsoid.hartzell4} and L{Triaxial.height4}.

1139 '''

1140 v = _MODS.vector3d._otherV3d(xyz=xyz)

1141 r = v.length

1142

1143 a, b, i = self.a, self.b, None

1144 if r < EPS0: # EPS

1145 v = v.times(_0_0)

1146 h = -a

1147

1148 elif self.isSpherical:

1149 v = v.times(a / r)

1150 h = r - a

1151

1152 elif normal: # perpendicular to ellipsoid

1153 x, y = hypot(v.x, v.y), fabs(v.z)

1154 if x < EPS0: # PYCHOK no cover

1155 z = copysign0(b, v.z)

1156 v = Vector3Tuple(v.x, v.y, z)

1157 h = y - b # polar

1158 elif y < EPS0: # PYCHOK no cover

1159 t = a / r

1160 v = v.times_(t, t, 0) # force z=0.0

1161 h = x - a # equatorial

1162 else: # normal in 1st quadrant

1163 x, y, i = _MODS.triaxials._plumbTo3(x, y, self)

1164 t, v = v, v.times_(x, x, y)

1165 h = t.minus(v).length

1166

1167 else: # radial to ellipsoid's center

1168 h = hypot_(a * v.z, b * v.x, b * v.y)

1169 t = (a * b / h) if h > EPS0 else _0_0 # EPS

1170 v = v.times(t)

1171 h = r * (_1_0 - t)

1172

1173 return Vector4Tuple(v.x, v.y, v.z, h, iteration=i, name__=self.height4)

1174

1175 def _hubeny_2(self, phi2, phi1, lam21, scaled=True, squared=True):

1176 '''(INTERNAL) like function C{pygeodesy.flatLocal_}/C{pygeodesy.hubeny_},

1177 returning the I{angular} distance in C{radians squared} or C{radians}

1178 '''

1179 m, n = self.roc2_((phi2 + phi1) * _0_5, scaled=scaled)

1180 h, r = (hypot2, self.a2_) if squared else (hypot, _1_0 / self.a)

1181 return h(m * (phi2 - phi1), n * lam21) * r

1182

1183 @Property_RO

1184 def isEllipsoidal(self):

1185 '''Is this model I{ellipsoidal} (C{bool})?

1186 '''

1187 return self.f != 0

1188

1189 @Property_RO

1190 def isOblate(self):

1191 '''Is this ellipsoid I{oblate} (C{bool})? I{Prolate} or

1192 spherical otherwise.

1193 '''

1194 return self.f > 0

1195

1196 @Property_RO

1197 def isProlate(self):

1198 '''Is this ellipsoid I{prolate} (C{bool})? I{Oblate} or

1199 spherical otherwise.

1200 '''

1201 return self.f < 0

1202

1203 @Property_RO

1204 def isSpherical(self):

1205 '''Is this ellipsoid I{spherical} (C{bool})?

1206 '''

1207 return self.f == 0

1208

1209 def _Kseries(self, *AB8Ks):

1210 '''(INTERNAL) Compute the 4-, 6- or 8-th order I{Krüger} Alpha

1211 or Beta series coefficients per I{Karney}'s U{equations (35)

1212 and (36)<https://ArXiv.org/pdf/1002.1417v3.pdf>}.

1213

1214 @arg AB8Ks: 8-Tuple of 8-th order I{Krüger} Alpha or Beta series

1215 coefficient tuples.

1216

1217 @return: I{Krüger} series coefficients (L{KsOrder}C{-tuple}).

1218

1219 @see: I{Karney}'s 30-th order U{TMseries30

1220 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/tmseries30.html>}.

1221 '''

1222 k = self.KsOrder

1223 if self.n:

1224 ns = fpowers(self.n, k)

1225 ks = tuple(fdot(AB8Ks[i][:k-i], *ns[i:]) for i in range(k))

1226 else:

1227 ks = _0_0s(k)

1228 return ks

1229

1230 @property_doc_(''' the I{Krüger} series' order (C{int}), see properties C{AlphaKs}, C{BetaKs}.''')

1231 def KsOrder(self):

1232 '''Get the I{Krüger} series' order (C{int} 4, 6 or 8).

1233 '''

1234 return self._KsOrder

1235

1236 @KsOrder.setter # PYCHOK setter!

1237 def KsOrder(self, order):

1238 '''Set the I{Krüger} series' order (C{int} 4, 6 or 8).

1239

1240 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{order}}.

1241 '''

1242 if not (isint(order) and order in (4, 6, 8)):

1243 raise _ValueError(order=order)

1244 if self._KsOrder != order:

1245 Ellipsoid.AlphaKs._update(self)

1246 Ellipsoid.BetaKs._update(self)

1247 self._KsOrder = order

1248

1249 @Property_RO

1250 def L(self):

1251 '''Get the I{quarter meridian} C{L}, aka the C{polar distance}

1252 along a meridian between the equator and a pole (C{meter}),

1253 M{b * Elliptic(-e2 / (1 - e2)).cE} or M{b * PI / 2}.

1254 '''

1255 r = self._elliptic_e22.cE if self.f else PI_2

1256 return Distance(L=self.b * r)

1257

1258 def Llat(self, lat):

1259 '''Return the I{meridional length}, the distance along a meridian

1260 between the equator and a (geodetic) latitude, see C{L}.

1261

1262 @arg lat: Geodetic latitude (C{degrees90}).

1263

1264 @return: The meridional length at B{C{lat}}, negative on southern

1265 hemisphere (C{meter}).

1266 '''

1267 r = self._elliptic_e22.fEd(self.auxParametric(lat)) if self.f else Phid(lat)

1268 return Distance(Llat=self.b * r)

1269

1270 Lmeridian = Llat # meridional distance

1271

1272 @property_RO

1273 def _Lpd(self):

1274 '''Get the I{quarter meridian} per degree (C{meter}), M{self.L / 90}.

1275 '''

1276 return Meter(_Lpd=self.L / _90_0)

1277

1278 @property_RO

1279 def _Lpr(self):

1280 '''Get the I{quarter meridian} per radian (C{meter}), M{self.L / PI_2}.

1281 '''

1282 return Meter(_Lpr=self.L / PI_2)

1283

1284 @deprecated_Property_RO

1285 def majoradius(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1286 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{a} or C{Requatorial}.'''

1287 return self.a

1288

1289 def m2degrees(self, distance, lat=0):

1290 '''Convert a distance to an angle along the equator or along

1291 a parallel of (geodetic) latitude.

1292

1293 @arg distance: Distance (C{meter}).

1294 @kwarg lat: Parallel latitude (C{degrees90}, C{str}).

1295

1296 @return: Angle (C{degrees}) or C{INF} for near-polar B{C{lat}}.

1297

1298 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

1299 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

1300

1301 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{distance}} or B{C{lat}}.

1302 '''

1303 return degrees(self.m2radians(distance, lat=lat))

1304

1305 def m2radians(self, distance, lat=0):

1306 '''Convert a distance to an angle along the equator or

1307 along a parallel of (geodetic) latitude.

1308

1309 @arg distance: Distance (C{meter}).

1310 @kwarg lat: Parallel latitude (C{degrees90}, C{str}).

1311

1312 @return: Angle (C{radians}) or C{INF} for near-polar B{C{lat}}.

1313

1314 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

1315 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

1316

1317 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{distance}} or B{C{lat}}.

1318 '''

1319 r = self.circle4(lat).radius if lat else self.a

1320 return m2radians(distance, radius=r, lat=0)

1321

1322 @deprecated_Property_RO

1323 def minoradius(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1324 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{b}, C{polaradius} or C{Rpolar}.'''

1325 return self.b

1326

1327 @Property_RO

1328 def n(self):

1329 '''Get the I{3rd flattening} (C{float}), M{f / (2 - f) == (a - b) / (a + b)}, see C{a_b2n}.

1330 '''

1331 return self._assert(a_b2n(self.a, self.b), n=f2n(self.f))

1332

1333 flattening = f

1334 flattening1st = f

1335 flattening2nd = f2

1336 flattening3rd = n

1337

1338 polaradius = b # Rpolar

1339

1340# @Property_RO

1341# def Q(self):

1342# '''Get the I{meridian arc unit} C{Q}, the mean, meridional length I{per radian} C({float}).

1343#

1344# @note: C{Q * PI / 2} ≈ C{L}, the I{quarter meridian}.

1345#

1346# @see: Property C{A} and U{Engsager, K., Poder, K.<https://StudyLib.net/doc/7443565/

1347# a-highly-accurate-world-wide-algorithm-for-the-transverse...>}.

1348# '''

1349# n = self.n

1350# d = (n + _1_0) / self.a

1351# return Float(Q=Fhorner(n**2, _1_0, _0_25, _1_16th, _0_25).fover(d) if d else self.b)

1352

1353# # Moritz, H. <https://Geodesy.Geology.Ohio-State.EDU/course/refpapers/00740128.pdf>

1354# # Q = (1 - 3/4 * e'2 + 45/64 * e'4 - 175/256 * e'6 + 11025/16384 * e'8) * rocPolar

1355# # = (4 + e'2 * (-3 + e'2 * (45/16 + e'2 * (-175/64 + e'2 * 11025/4096)))) * rocPolar / 4

1356# return Fhorner(self.e22, 4, -3, 45 / 16, -175 / 64, 11025 / 4096).fover(4 / self.rocPolar)

1357

1358 @deprecated_Property_RO

1359 def quarteradius(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1360 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{L} or method C{Llat}.'''

1361 return self.L

1362

1363 @Property_RO

1364 def R1(self):

1365 '''Get the I{mean} earth radius per I{IUGG} (C{meter}), M{(2 * a + b) / 3 == a * (1 - f / 3)}.

1366

1367 @see: U{Earth radius<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius>}

1368 and method C{Rgeometric}.

1369 '''

1370 r = Fsum(self.a, self.a, self.b).fover(_3_0) if self.f else self.a

1371 return Radius(R1=r)

1372

1373 Rmean = R1

1374

1375 @Property_RO

1376 def R2(self):

1377 '''Get the I{authalic} earth radius (C{meter}), M{sqrt(c2)}.

1378

1379 @see: C{R2x}, C{c2}, C{area} and U{Earth radius

1380 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius>}.

1381 '''

1382 return Radius(R2=sqrt(self.c2) if self.f else self.a)

1383

1384 Rauthalic = R2

1385

1386# @Property_RO

1387# def R2(self):

1388# # Moritz, H. <https://Geodesy.Geology.Ohio-State.EDU/course/refpapers/00740128.pdf>

1389# # R2 = (1 - 2/3 * e'2 + 26/45 * e'4 - 100/189 * e'6 + 7034/14175 * e'8) * rocPolar

1390# # = (3 + e'2 * (-2 + e'2 * (26/15 + e'2 * (-100/63 + e'2 * 7034/4725)))) * rocPolar / 3

1391# return Fhorner(self.e22, 3, -2, 26 / 15, -100 / 63, 7034 / 4725).fover(3 / self.rocPolar)

1392

1393 @Property_RO

1394 def R2x(self):

1395 '''Get the I{authalic} earth radius (C{meter}), M{sqrt(c2x)}.

1396

1397 @see: C{R2}, C{c2x} and C{areax}.

1398 '''

1399 return Radius(R2x=sqrt(self.c2x) if self.f else self.a)

1400

1401 Rauthalicx = R2x

1402

1403 @Property_RO

1404 def R3(self):

1405 '''Get the I{volumetric} earth radius (C{meter}), M{(a * a * b)**(1/3)}.

1406

1407 @see: U{Earth radius<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius>} and C{volume}.

1408 '''

1409 r = (cbrt(self.b_a) * self.a) if self.f else self.a

1410 return Radius(R3=r)

1411

1412 Rvolumetric = R3

1413

1414 def radians2m(self, rad, lat=0):

1415 '''Convert an angle to the distance along the equator or along

1416 a parallel of (geodetic) latitude.

1417

1418 @arg rad: The angle (C{radians}).

1419 @kwarg lat: Parallel latitude (C{degrees90}, C{str}).

1420

1421 @return: Distance (C{meter}, same units as the equatorial

1422 and polar radii) or C{0} for near-polar B{C{lat}}.

1423

1424 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

1425 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

1426

1427 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{rad}} or B{C{lat}}.

1428 '''

1429 r = self.circle4(lat).radius if lat else self.a

1430 return radians2m(rad, radius=r, lat=0)

1431

1432 @Property_RO

1433 def Rbiaxial(self):

1434 '''Get the I{biaxial, quadratic} mean earth radius (C{meter}), M{sqrt((a**2 + b**2) / 2)}.

1435

1436 @see: C{Rtriaxial}

1437 '''

1438 a, b = self.a, self.b

1439 if b < a:

1440 b = sqrt(_0_5 + self.b2_a2 * _0_5) * a

1441 elif b > a:

1442 b *= sqrt(_0_5 + self.a2_b2 * _0_5)

1443 return Radius(Rbiaxial=b)

1444

1445 Requatorial = a # for consistent naming

1446

1447 def Rgeocentric(self, lat):

1448 '''Compute the I{geocentric} earth radius of (geodetic) latitude.

1449

1450 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1451

1452 @return: Geocentric earth radius (C{meter}).

1453

1454 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1455

1456 @see: U{Geocentric Radius

1457 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Geocentric_radius>}

1458 '''

1459 r, a = self.a, Phid(lat)

1460 if a and self.f:

1461 if fabs(a) < PI_2:

1462 s2, c2 = _s2_c2(a)

1463 b2_a2_s2 = self.b2_a2 * s2

1464 # R == sqrt((a2**2 * c2 + b2**2 * s2) / (a2 * c2 + b2 * s2))

1465 # == sqrt(a2**2 * (c2 + (b2 / a2)**2 * s2) / (a2 * (c2 + b2 / a2 * s2)))

1466 # == sqrt(a2 * (c2 + (b2 / a2)**2 * s2) / (c2 + (b2 / a2) * s2))

1467 # == a * sqrt((c2 + b2_a2 * b2_a2 * s2) / (c2 + b2_a2 * s2))

1468 # == a * sqrt((c2 + b2_a2 * b2_a2_s2) / (c2 + b2_a2_s2))

1469 r *= sqrt((c2 + b2_a2_s2 * self.b2_a2) / (c2 + b2_a2_s2))

1470 else:

1471 r = self.b

1472 return Radius(Rgeocentric=r)

1473

1474 @Property_RO

1475 def Rgeometric(self):

1476 '''Get the I{geometric} mean earth radius (C{meter}), M{sqrt(a * b)}.

1477

1478 @see: C{R1}.

1479 '''

1480 g = sqrt(self.a * self.b) if self.f else self.a

1481 return Radius(Rgeometric=g)

1482

1483 def rhumb_(self, exact=True):

1484 '''Get the an I{exact} C{Rhumb...} instance for this ellipsoid.

1485

1486 @kwarg exact: If C{bool} or C{None} return L{Rhumb}C{(exact=B{exact}, ...)},

1487 otherwise a L{Rhumb}, L{RhumbAux} or L{RhumbSolve} instance

1488 for I{this} ellipsoid.

1489

1490 @return: The C{exact} rhumb (C{Rhumb...}).

1491

1492 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{exact}}.

1493

1494 @raise ValueError: Incompatible B{C{exact}} ellipsoid.

1495 '''

1496 if isbool(exact): # use Rhumb for backward compatibility

1497 r = _MODS.rhumb.ekx.Rhumb(self, exact=exact, name=self.name)

1498 else:

1499 r = exact

1500 E = _xattr(r, ellipsoid=None)

1501 if not (E is self and isinstance(r, self._Rhumbs)):

1502 raise _ValueError(exact=r, ellipsosid=E, txt_not_=self.name)

1503 return r

1504

1505 @property_RO

1506 def rhumbaux(self):

1507 '''Get this ellipsoid's I{Auxiliary} C{rhumb.RhumbAux}.

1508 '''

1509 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1510 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1511 return _MODS.rhumb.aux_.RhumbAux(self, name=self.name)

1512

1513 @property_RO

1514 def rhumbekx(self):

1515 '''Get this ellipsoid's I{Elliptic, Krüger} C{rhumb.Rhumb}.

1516 '''

1517 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1518 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1519 return _MODS.rhumb.ekx.Rhumb(self, name=self.name)

1520

1521 @property_ROver

1522 def _Rhumbs(self):

1523 '''(INTERNAL) Get all C{Rhumb...} classes, I{once}.

1524 '''

1525 r = _MODS.rhumb

1526 return (r.aux_.RhumbAux, # overwrite property_ROver

1527 r.ekx.Rhumb, r.solve.RhumbSolve)

1528

1529 @property

1530 def rhumbsolve(self):

1531 '''Get this ellipsoid's L{RhumbSolve}, the I{wrapper} around utility

1532 U{RhumbSolve<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/GeodSolve.1.html>},

1533 provided the path to the C{RhumbSolve} executable is specified with env

1534 variable C{PYGEODESY_RHUMBSOLVE} or re-/set with this property.

1535 '''

1536 # if not self.isEllipsoidal:

1537 # raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, ellipsoid=self)

1538 return _MODS.rhumb.solve.RhumbSolve(self, path=self._rhumbsolve, name=self.name)

1539

1540 @rhumbsolve.setter # PYCHOK setter!

1541 def rhumbsolve(self, path):

1542 '''Re-/set the (fully qualified) path to the U{RhumbSolve

1543 <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/C++/doc/GeodSolve.1.html>} executable,

1544 overriding env variable C{PYGEODESY_RHUMBSOLVE} (C{str}).

1545 '''

1546 self._rhumbsolve = path

1547

1548 @deprecated_property_RO

1549 def rhumbx(self):

1550 '''DEPRECATED on 2023.11.28, use property C{rhumbekx}. '''

1551 return self.rhumbekx

1552

1553 def Rlat(self, lat):

1554 '''I{Approximate} the earth radius of (geodetic) latitude.

1555

1556 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1557

1558 @return: Approximate earth radius (C{meter}).

1559

1560 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

1561 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

1562

1563 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1564

1565 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1566

1567 @note: C{Rlat(B{90})} equals C{Rpolar}.

1568

1569 @see: Method C{circle4}.

1570 '''

1571 # r = a - (a - b) * |lat| / 90

1572 r = self.a

1573 if self.f and lat: # .isEllipsoidal

1574 r -= (r - self.b) * fabs(Lat(lat)) / _90_0

1575 r = Radius(Rlat=r)

1576 return r

1577

1578 Rpolar = b # for consistent naming

1579

1580 def roc1_(self, sa, ca=None):

1581 '''Compute the I{prime-vertical}, I{normal} radius of curvature

1582 of (geodetic) latitude, I{unscaled}.

1583

1584 @arg sa: Sine of the latitude (C{float}, [-1.0..+1.0]).

1585 @kwarg ca: Optional cosine of the latitude (C{float}, [-1.0..+1.0])

1586 to use an alternate formula.

1587

1588 @return: The prime-vertical radius of curvature (C{float}).

1589

1590 @note: The delta between both formulae with C{Ellipsoids.WGS84}

1591 is less than 2 nanometer over the entire latitude range.

1592

1593 @see: Method L{roc2_} and class L{EcefYou}.

1594 '''

1595 if not self.f: # .isSpherical

1596 n = self.a

1597 elif ca is None:

1598 r = self.e2s2(sa) # see .roc2_ and _EcefBase._forward

1599 n = sqrt(self.a2 / r) if r > EPS02 else _0_0

1600 elif ca: # derived from EcefYou.forward

1601 h = hypot(ca, self.b_a * sa) if sa else fabs(ca)

1602 n = self.a / h

1603 elif sa:

1604 n = self.a2_b / fabs(sa)

1605 else:

1606 n = self.a

1607 return n

1608

1609 def roc2(self, lat, scaled=False):

1610 '''Compute the I{meridional} and I{prime-vertical}, I{normal}

1611 radii of curvature of (geodetic) latitude.

1612

1613 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1614 @kwarg scaled: Scale prime_vertical by C{cos(radians(B{lat}))} (C{bool}).

1615

1616 @return: An L{Curvature2Tuple}C{(meridional, prime_vertical)} with

1617 the radii of curvature.

1618

1619 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1620

1621 @see: Methods L{roc2_} and L{roc1_}, U{Local, flat earth approximation

1622 <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>} and meridional and

1623 prime vertical U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/

1624 Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

1625 '''

1626 return self.roc2_(Phid(lat), scaled=scaled)

1627

1628 def roc2_(self, phi, scaled=False):

1629 '''Compute the I{meridional} and I{prime-vertical}, I{normal} radii of

1630 curvature of (geodetic) latitude.

1631

1632 @arg phi: Latitude (C{radians}).

1633 @kwarg scaled: Scale prime_vertical by C{cos(B{phi})} (C{bool}).

1634

1635 @return: An L{Curvature2Tuple}C{(meridional, prime_vertical)} with the

1636 radii of curvature.

1637

1638 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{phi}}.

1639

1640 @see: Methods L{roc2} and L{roc1_}, property L{rocEquatorial2}, U{Local,

1641 flat earth approximation<https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>}

1642 and the meridional and prime vertical U{Radii of Curvature

1643 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

1644 '''

1645 a = fabs(Phi(phi))

1646 if self.f:

1647 r = self.e2s2(sin(a))

1648 if r > EPS02:

1649 n = self.a / sqrt(r)

1650 m = n * self.e21 / r

1651 else:

1652 m = n = _0_0

1653 else:

1654 m = n = self.a

1655 if scaled and a:

1656 n *= cos(a) if a < PI_2 else _0_0

1657 return Curvature2Tuple(Radius(rocMeridional=m),

1658 Radius(rocPrimeVertical=n))

1659

1660 def rocBearing(self, lat, bearing):

1661 '''Compute the I{directional} radius of curvature of (geodetic)

1662 latitude and compass direction.

1663

1664 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1665 @arg bearing: Direction (compass C{degrees360}).

1666

1667 @return: Directional radius of curvature (C{meter}).

1668

1669 @raise RangeError: Latitude B{C{lat}} outside valid range and

1670 L{rangerrors<pygeodesy.rangerrors>} is C{True}.

1671

1672 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}} or B{C{bearing}}.

1673

1674 @see: U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}

1675 '''

1676 if self.f:

1677 s2, c2 = _s2_c2(Bearing_(bearing))

1678 m, n = self.roc2_(Phid(lat))

1679 if n < m: # == n / (c2 * n / m + s2)

1680 c2 *= n / m

1681 elif m < n: # == m / (c2 + s2 * m / n)

1682 s2 *= m / n

1683 n = m

1684 b = n / (c2 + s2) # == 1 / (c2 / m + s2 / n)

1685 else:

1686 b = self.b # == self.a

1687 return Radius(rocBearing=b)

1688

1689 @Property_RO

1690 def rocEquatorial2(self):

1691 '''Get the I{meridional} and I{prime-vertical}, I{normal} radii of curvature

1692 at the equator as L{Curvature2Tuple}C{(meridional, prime_vertical)}.

1693

1694 @see: Methods L{rocMeridional} and L{rocPrimeVertical}, properties L{b2_a},

1695 L{a2_b}, C{rocPolar} and polar and equatorial U{Radii of Curvature

1696 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

1697 '''

1698 return Curvature2Tuple(Radius(rocMeridional0=self.b2_a if self.f else self.a),

1699 Radius(rocPrimeVertical0=self.a))

1700

1701 def rocGauss(self, lat):

1702 '''Compute the I{Gaussian} radius of curvature of (geodetic) latitude.

1703

1704 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1705

1706 @return: Gaussian radius of curvature (C{meter}).

1707

1708 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1709

1710 @see: Non-directional U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/

1711 Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}

1712 '''

1713 # using ...

1714 # m, n = self.roc2_(Phid(lat))

1715 # return sqrt(m * n)

1716 # ... requires 1 or 2 sqrt

1717 g = self.b

1718 if self.f:

1719 s2, c2 = _s2_c2(Phid(lat))

1720 g = g / (c2 + self.b2_a2 * s2)

1721 return Radius(rocGauss=g)

1722

1723 def rocMean(self, lat):

1724 '''Compute the I{mean} radius of curvature of (geodetic) latitude.

1725

1726 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1727

1728 @return: Mean radius of curvature (C{meter}).

1729

1730 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1731

1732 @see: Non-directional U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/

1733 Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}

1734 '''

1735 if self.f:

1736 m, n = self.roc2_(Phid(lat))

1737 m *= n * _2_0 / (m + n) # == 2 / (1 / m + 1 / n)

1738 else:

1739 m = self.a

1740 return Radius(rocMean=m)

1741

1742 def rocMeridional(self, lat):

1743 '''Compute the I{meridional} radius of curvature of (geodetic) latitude.

1744

1745 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1746

1747 @return: Meridional radius of curvature (C{meter}).

1748

1749 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1750

1751 @see: Methods L{roc2} and L{roc2_}, U{Local, flat earth approximation

1752 <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>} and U{Radii of

1753 Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

1754 '''

1755 return self.roc2_(Phid(lat)).meridional if lat else \

1756 self.rocEquatorial2.meridional

1757

1758 rocPolar = a2_b # synonymous

1759

1760 def rocPrimeVertical(self, lat):

1761 '''Compute the I{prime-vertical}, I{normal} radius of curvature of

1762 (geodetic) latitude, aka the I{transverse} radius of curvature.

1763

1764 @arg lat: Latitude (C{degrees90}).

1765

1766 @return: Prime-vertical radius of curvature (C{meter}).

1767

1768 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{lat}}.

1769

1770 @see: Methods L{roc2}, L{roc2_} and L{roc1_}, U{Local, flat earth

1771 approximation<https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>} and

1772 U{Radii of Curvature<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/

1773 Earth_radius#Radii_of_curvature>}.

1774 '''

1775 return self.roc2_(Phid(lat)).prime_vertical if lat else \

1776 self.rocEquatorial2.prime_vertical

1777

1778 rocTransverse = rocPrimeVertical # synonymous

1779

1780 @deprecated_Property_RO

1781 def Rquadratic(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1782 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{Rbiaxial} or C{Rtriaxial}.'''

1783 return self.Rbiaxial

1784

1785 @deprecated_Property_RO

1786 def Rr(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1787 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{Rrectifying}.'''

1788 return self.Rrectifying

1789

1790 @Property_RO

1791 def Rrectifying(self):

1792 '''Get the I{rectifying} earth radius (C{meter}), M{((a**(3/2) + b**(3/2)) / 2)**(2/3)}.

1793

1794 @see: U{Earth radius<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius>}.

1795 '''

1796 r = (cbrt2((_1_0 + sqrt3(self.b_a)) * _0_5) * self.a) if self.f else self.a

1797 return Radius(Rrectifying=r)

1798

1799 @deprecated_Property_RO

1800 def Rs(self): # PYCHOK no cover

1801 '''DEPRECATED, use property C{Rgeometric}.'''

1802 return self.Rgeometric

1803

1804 @Property_RO

1805 def Rtriaxial(self):

1806 '''Get the I{triaxial, quadratic} mean earth radius (C{meter}), M{sqrt((3 * a**2 + b**2) / 4)}.

1807

1808 @see: C{Rbiaxial}

1809 '''

1810 a, b = self.a, self.b

1811 q = (sqrt((_3_0 + self.b2_a2) * _0_25) * a) if a > b else (

1812 (sqrt((_3_0 * self.a2_b2 + _1_0) * _0_25) * b) if a < b else a)

1813 return Radius(Rtriaxial=q)

1814

1815 def toEllipsoid2(self, **name):

1816 '''Get a copy of this ellipsoid as an L{Ellipsoid2}.

1817

1818 @kwarg name: Optional, unique C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

1819

1820 @see: Property C{a_f}.

1821 '''

1822 return Ellipsoid2(self, None, **name)

1823

1824 def toStr(self, prec=8, terse=4, **sep_name): # PYCHOK expected

1825 '''Return this ellipsoid as a text string.

1826

1827 @kwarg prec: Number of decimal digits, unstripped (C{int}).

1828 @kwarg terse: Limit the number of items (C{int}, 0...18),

1829 use C{B{terse}=0} or C{=None} for all.

1830 @kwarg sep_name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}) or C{None}

1831 to exclude this ellipsoid's name and separator

1832 C{B{sep}=", "} to join the items (C{str}).

1833

1834 @return: This C{Ellipsoid}'s attributes (C{str}).

1835 '''

1836 E = Ellipsoid

1837 t = (E.a, E.f, E.f_, E.b, E.f2, E.n, E.e,

1838 E.e2, E.e21, E.e22, E.e32,

1839 E.A, E.L, E.R1, E.R2, E.R3,

1840 E.Rbiaxial, E.Rtriaxial)

1841 if terse:

1842 t = t[:terse]

1843 return self._instr(prec=prec, props=t, **sep_name)

1844

1845 def toTriaxial(self, **name):

1846 '''Convert this ellipsoid to a L{Triaxial_}.

1847

1848 @kwarg name: Optional C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

1849

1850 @return: A L{Triaxial_} or L{Triaxial} with the C{X} axis

1851 pointing east and C{Z} pointing north.

1852

1853 @see: Method L{Triaxial_.toEllipsoid}.

1854 '''

1855 T = self._triaxial

1856 return T.copy(**name) if name else T

1857

1858 @property_RO

1859 def _triaxial(self):

1860 '''(INTERNAL) Get this ellipsoid's un-/ordered C{Triaxial/_}.

1861 '''

1862 a, b, m = self.a, self.b, _MODS.triaxials

1863 T = m.Triaxial if a > b else m.Triaxial_

1864 return T(a, a, b, name=self.name)

1865

1866 @Property_RO

1867 def volume(self):

1868 '''Get the ellipsoid's I{volume} (C{meter**3}), M{4 / 3 * PI * R3**3}.

1869

1870 @see: C{R3}.

1871 '''

1872 return Meter3(volume=self.a2 * self.b * PI_3 * _4_0)

1873

1874

1875 class Ellipsoid2(Ellipsoid):

1876 '''An L{Ellipsoid} specified by I{equatorial} radius and I{flattening}.

1877 '''

1878 def __init__(self, a, f=None, **name):

1879 '''New L{Ellipsoid2}.

1880

1881 @arg a: Equatorial radius, semi-axis (C{meter}) or a previous

1882 L{Ellipsoid} instance.

1883 @arg f: Flattening: (C{float} < 1.0, negative for I{prolate}),

1884 if B{C{a}} is in C{meter}.

1885 @kwarg name: Optional, unique C{B{name}=NN} (C{str}).

1886

1887 @raise NameError: Ellipsoid with that B{C{name}} already exists.

1888

1889 @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{a}} or B{C{f}}.

1890

1891 @note: C{abs(B{f}) < EPS} is forced to C{B{f}=0}, I{spherical}.

1892 Negative C{B{f}} produces a I{prolate} ellipsoid.

1893 '''

1894 if f is None and isinstance(a, Ellipsoid):

1895 Ellipsoid.__init__(self, a.a, f =a.f,

1896 b=a.b, f_=a.f_, **name)

1897 else:

1898 Ellipsoid.__init__(self, a, f=f, **name)

1899

1900

1901 def _spherical_a_b(a, b):

1902 '''(INTERNAL) C{True} for spherical or invalid C{a} or C{b}.

1903 '''

1904 return a < EPS0 or b < EPS0 or fabs(a - b) < EPS0

1905

1906

1907 def _spherical_f(f):

1908 '''(INTERNAL) C{True} for spherical or invalid C{f}.

1909 '''

1910 return fabs(f) < EPS or f > EPS1

1911

1912

1913 def _spherical_f_(f_):

1914 '''(INTERNAL) C{True} for spherical or invalid C{f_}.

1915 '''

1916 return fabs(f_) < EPS or fabs(f_) > _1_EPS

1917

1918

1919 def a_b2e(a, b):

1920 '''Return C{e}, the I{1st eccentricity} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1921

1922 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1923 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1924

1925 @return: The I{unsigned}, (1st) eccentricity (C{float} or C{0}),

1926 M{sqrt(1 - (b / a)**2)}.

1927

1928 @note: The result is always I{non-negative} and C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

1929 '''

1930 return Float(e=sqrt(fabs(a_b2e2(a, b)))) # == sqrt(fabs(a - b) * (a + b)) / a)

1931

1932

1933 def a_b2e2(a, b):

1934 '''Return C{e2}, the I{1st eccentricity squared} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1935

1936 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1937 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1938

1939 @return: The I{signed}, (1st) eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} or C{0}),

1940 M{1 - (b / a)**2}.

1941

1942 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

1943 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

1944 '''

1945 return Float(e2=_0_0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else ((a - b) * (a + b) / a**2))

1946

1947

1948 def a_b2e22(a, b):

1949 '''Return C{e22}, the I{2nd eccentricity squared} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1950

1951 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1952 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1953

1954 @return: The I{signed}, 2nd eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} or C{0}),

1955 M{(a / b)**2 - 1}.

1956

1957 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

1958 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

1959 '''

1960 return Float(e22=_0_0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else ((a - b) * (a + b) / b**2))

1961

1962

1963 def a_b2e32(a, b):

1964 '''Return C{e32}, the I{3rd eccentricity squared} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1965

1966 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1967 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1968

1969 @return: The I{signed}, 3rd eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} or C{0}),

1970 M{(a**2 - b**2) / (a**2 + b**2)}.

1971

1972 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

1973 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

1974 '''

1975 a2, b2 = a**2, b**2

1976 return Float(e32=_0_0 if _spherical_a_b(a2, b2) else ((a2 - b2) / (a2 + b2)))

1977

1978

1979 def a_b2f(a, b):

1980 '''Return C{f}, the I{flattening} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1981

1982 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1983 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1984

1985 @return: The flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{(a - b) / a}.

1986

1987 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate} or C{0}

1988 for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

1989 '''

1990 f = 0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else ((a - b) / a)

1991 return _f_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else Float(f=f)

1992

1993

1994 def a_b2f_(a, b):

1995 '''Return C{f_}, the I{inverse flattening} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

1996

1997 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1998 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

1999

2000 @return: The inverse flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{a / (a - b)}.

2001

2002 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate} or C{0}

2003 for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2004 '''

2005 f_ = 0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else (a / float(a - b))

2006 return _f__0_0 if _spherical_f_(f_) else Float(f_=f_)

2007

2008

2009 def a_b2f2(a, b):

2010 '''Return C{f2}, the I{2nd flattening} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

2011

2012 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2013 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2014

2015 @return: The I{signed}, 2nd flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{(a - b) / b}.

2016

2017 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate} or C{0}

2018 for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2019 '''

2020 t = 0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else float(a - b)

2021 return Float(f2=_0_0 if fabs(t) < EPS0 else (t / b))

2022

2023

2024 def a_b2n(a, b):

2025 '''Return C{n}, the I{3rd flattening} for a given I{equatorial} and I{polar} radius.

2026

2027 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2028 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2029

2030 @return: The I{signed}, 3rd flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{(a - b) / (a + b)}.

2031

2032 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2033 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2034 '''

2035 t = 0 if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else float(a - b)

2036 return Float(n=_0_0 if fabs(t) < EPS0 else (t / (a + b)))

2037

2038

2039 def a_f2b(a, f):

2040 '''Return C{b}, the I{polar} radius for a given I{equatorial} radius and I{flattening}.

2041

2042 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2043 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2044

2045 @return: The polar radius (C{float}), M{a * (1 - f)}.

2046 '''

2047 b = a if _spherical_f(f) else (a * (_1_0 - f))

2048 return Radius_(b=a if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else b)

2049

2050

2051 def a_f_2b(a, f_):

2052 '''Return C{b}, the I{polar} radius for a given I{equatorial} radius and I{inverse flattening}.

2053

2054 @arg a: Equatorial radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2055 @arg f_: Inverse flattening (C{scalar} >>> 1).

2056

2057 @return: The polar radius (C{float}), M{a * (f_ - 1) / f_}.

2058 '''

2059 b = a if _spherical_f_(f_) else (a * (f_ - _1_0) / f_)

2060 return Radius_(b=a if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else b)

2061

2062

2063 def b_f2a(b, f):

2064 '''Return C{a}, the I{equatorial} radius for a given I{polar} radius and I{flattening}.

2065

2066 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2067 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2068

2069 @return: The equatorial radius (C{float}), M{b / (1 - f)}.

2070 '''

2071 t = _1_0 - f

2072 a = b if fabs(t) < EPS0 else (b / t)

2073 return Radius_(a=b if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else a)

2074

2075

2076 def b_f_2a(b, f_):

2077 '''Return C{a}, the I{equatorial} radius for a given I{polar} radius and I{inverse flattening}.

2078

2079 @arg b: Polar radius (C{scalar} > 0).

2080 @arg f_: Inverse flattening (C{scalar} >>> 1).

2081

2082 @return: The equatorial radius (C{float}), M{b * f_ / (f_ - 1)}.

2083 '''

2084 t = f_ - _1_0

2085 a = b if _spherical_f_(f_) or fabs(t - f_) < EPS0 \

2086 or fabs(t) < EPS0 else (b * f_ / t)

2087 return Radius_(a=b if _spherical_a_b(a, b) else a)

2088

2089

2090 def e2f(e):

2091 '''Return C{f}, the I{flattening} for a given I{1st eccentricity}.

2092

2093 @arg e: The (1st) eccentricity (0 <= C{float} < 1)

2094

2095 @return: The flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}).

2096

2097 @see: Function L{e22f}.

2098 '''

2099 return e22f(e**2)

2100

2101

2102 def e22f(e2):

2103 '''Return C{f}, the I{flattening} for a given I{1st eccentricity squared}.

2104

2105 @arg e2: The (1st) eccentricity I{squared}, I{signed} (L{NINF} < C{float} < 1)

2106

2107 @return: The flattening (C{float} or C{0}), M{e2 / (sqrt(e2 - 1) + 1)}.

2108 '''

2109 return Float(f=e2 / (sqrt(_1_0 - e2) + _1_0)) if e2 else _f_0_0

2110

2111

2112 def f2e2(f):

2113 '''Return C{e2}, the I{1st eccentricity squared} for a given I{flattening}.

2114

2115 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2116

2117 @return: The I{signed}, (1st) eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} < 1),

2118 M{f * (2 - f)}.

2119

2120 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2121 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2122

2123 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2124 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>} and U{Flattening

2125 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Flattening>}.

2126 '''

2127 return Float(e2=_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else (f * (_2_0 - f)))

2128

2129

2130 def f2e22(f):

2131 '''Return C{e22}, the I{2nd eccentricity squared} for a given I{flattening}.

2132

2133 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2134

2135 @return: The I{signed}, 2nd eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} > -1 or

2136 C{INF}), M{f * (2 - f) / (1 - f)**2}.

2137

2138 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2139 or C{0} for near-spherical ellipsoids.

2140

2141 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2142 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}.

2143 '''

2144 # e2 / (1 - e2) == f * (2 - f) / (1 - f)**2

2145 t = (_1_0 - f)**2

2146 return Float(e22=INF if t < EPS0 else (f2e2(f) / t)) # PYCHOK type

2147

2148

2149 def f2e32(f):

2150 '''Return C{e32}, the I{3rd eccentricity squared} for a given I{flattening}.

2151

2152 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2153

2154 @return: The I{signed}, 3rd eccentricity I{squared} (C{float}),

2155 M{f * (2 - f) / (1 + (1 - f)**2)}.

2156

2157 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2158 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2159

2160 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2161 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>}.

2162 '''

2163 # e2 / (2 - e2) == f * (2 - f) / (1 + (1 - f)**2)

2164 e2 = f2e2(f)

2165 return Float(e32=e2 / (_2_0 - e2))

2166

2167

2168 def f_2f(f_):

2169 '''Return C{f}, the I{flattening} for a given I{inverse flattening}.

2170

2171 @arg f_: Inverse flattening (C{scalar} >>> 1).

2172

2173 @return: The flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{1 / f_}.

2174

2175 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2176 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2177 '''

2178 f = 0 if _spherical_f_(f_) else _1_0 / f_

2179 return _f_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else Float(f=f) # PYCHOK type

2180

2181

2182 def f2f_(f):

2183 '''Return C{f_}, the I{inverse flattening} for a given I{flattening}.

2184

2185 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2186

2187 @return: The inverse flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{1 / f}.

2188

2189 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2190 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2191 '''

2192 f_ = 0 if _spherical_f(f) else _1_0 / f

2193 return _f__0_0 if _spherical_f_(f_) else Float(f_=f_) # PYCHOK type

2194

2195

2196 def f2f2(f):

2197 '''Return C{f2}, the I{2nd flattening} for a given I{flattening}.

2198

2199 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2200

2201 @return: The I{signed}, 2nd flattening (C{scalar} or C{INF}), M{f / (1 - f)}.

2202

2203 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2204 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2205

2206 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2207 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>} and U{Flattening

2208 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Flattening>}.

2209 '''

2210 t = _1_0 - f

2211 return Float(f2=_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else (INF if fabs(t) < EPS

2212 else (f / t))) # PYCHOK type

2213

2214

2215 def f2n(f):

2216 '''Return C{n}, the I{3rd flattening} for a given I{flattening}.

2217

2218 @arg f: Flattening (C{scalar} < 1, negative for I{prolate}).

2219

2220 @return: The I{signed}, 3rd flattening (-1 <= C{float} < 1),

2221 M{f / (2 - f)}.

2222

2223 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2224 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2225

2226 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2227 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>} and U{Flattening

2228 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Flattening>}.

2229 '''

2230 return Float(n=_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else (f / float(_2_0 - f)))

2231

2232

2233 def n2e2(n):

2234 '''Return C{e2}, the I{1st eccentricity squared} for a given I{3rd flattening}.

2235

2236 @arg n: The 3rd flattening (-1 <= C{scalar} < 1).

2237

2238 @return: The I{signed}, (1st) eccentricity I{squared} (C{float} or NINF),

2239 M{4 * n / (1 + n)**2}.

2240

2241 @note: The result is positive for I{oblate}, negative for I{prolate}

2242 or C{0} for I{near-spherical} ellipsoids.

2243

2244 @see: U{Flattening<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Flattening>}.

2245 '''

2246 t = (n + _1_0)**2

2247 return Float(e2=_0_0 if fabs(n) < EPS0 else

2248 (NINF if t < EPS0 else (_4_0 * n / t)))

2249

2250

2251 def n2f(n):

2252 '''Return C{f}, the I{flattening} for a given I{3rd flattening}.

2253

2254 @arg n: The 3rd flattening (-1 <= C{scalar} < 1).

2255

2256 @return: The flattening (C{scalar} or NINF), M{2 * n / (1 + n)}.

2257

2258 @see: U{Eccentricity conversions<https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/

2259 C++/doc/classGeographicLib_1_1Ellipsoid.html>} and U{Flattening

2260 <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Flattening>}.

2261 '''

2262 t = n + _1_0

2263 f = 0 if fabs(n) < EPS0 else (NINF if t < EPS0 else (_2_0 * n / t))

2264 return _f_0_0 if _spherical_f(f) else Float(f=f)

2265

2266

2267 def n2f_(n):

2268 '''Return C{f_}, the I{inverse flattening} for a given I{3rd flattening}.

2269

2270 @arg n: The 3rd flattening (-1 <= C{scalar} < 1).

2271

2272 @return: The inverse flattening (C{scalar} or C{0}), M{1 / f}.

2273

2274 @see: L{n2f} and L{f2f_}.

2275 '''

2276 return f2f_(n2f(n))

2277

2278

2279 class Ellipsoids(_NamedEnum):

2280 '''(INTERNAL) L{Ellipsoid} registry, I{must} be a sub-class

2281 to accommodate the L{_LazyNamedEnumItem} properties.

2282 '''

2283 def _Lazy(self, a, b, f_, **kwds):

2284 '''(INTERNAL) Instantiate the L{Ellipsoid}.

2285 '''

2286 return Ellipsoid(a, b=b, f_=f_, **kwds)

2287

2288 Ellipsoids = Ellipsoids(Ellipsoid) # PYCHOK singleton

2289'''Some pre-defined L{Ellipsoid}s, all I{lazily} instantiated.'''

2290# <https://www.GNU.org/software/gama/manual/html_node/Supported-ellipsoids.html>

2291# <https://GSSC.ESA.int/navipedia/index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS>

2292# <https://kb.OSU.edu/dspace/handle/1811/77986>

2293# <https://www.IBM.com/docs/en/db2/11.5?topic=systems-supported-spheroids>

2294# <https://w3.Energistics.org/archive/Epicentre/Epicentre_v3.0/DataModel/LogicalDictionary/StandardValues/ellipsoid.html>

2295# <https://GitHub.com/locationtech/proj4j/blob/master/src/main/java/org/locationtech/proj4j/datum/Ellipsoid.java>

2296 Ellipsoids._assert( # <https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Earth_ellipsoid>

2297 Airy1830 = _lazy(_Airy1830_, *_T(6377563.396, _0_0, 299.3249646)), # b=6356256.909

2298 AiryModified = _lazy(_AiryModified_, *_T(6377340.189, _0_0, 299.3249646)), # b=6356034.448

2299# APL4_9 = _lazy('APL4_9', *_T(6378137.0, _0_0, 298.24985392)), # Appl. Phys. Lab. 1965

2300# ANS = _lazy('ANS', *_T(6378160.0, _0_0, 298.25)), # Australian Nat. Spheroid

2301# AN_SA96 = _lazy('AN_SA96', *_T(6378160.0, _0_0, 298.24985392)), # Australian Nat. South America

2302 Australia1966 = _lazy('Australia1966', *_T(6378160.0, _0_0, 298.25)), # b=6356774.7192

2303 ATS1977 = _lazy('ATS1977', *_T(6378135.0, _0_0, 298.257)), # "Average Terrestrial System"

2304 Bessel1841 = _lazy(_Bessel1841_, *_T(6377397.155, 6356078.962818, 299.152812797)),

2305 BesselModified = _lazy('BesselModified', *_T(6377492.018, _0_0, 299.1528128)),

2306# BesselNamibia = _lazy('BesselNamibia', *_T(6377483.865, _0_0, 299.1528128)),

2307 CGCS2000 = _lazy('CGCS2000', *_T(R_MA, _0_0, 298.257222101)), # BeiDou Coord System (BDC)

2308# Clarke1858 = _lazy('Clarke1858', *_T(6378293.639, _0_0, 294.260676369)),

2309 Clarke1866 = _lazy(_Clarke1866_, *_T(6378206.4, 6356583.8, 294.978698214)),

2310 Clarke1880 = _lazy('Clarke1880', *_T(6378249.145, 6356514.86954978, 293.465)),

2311 Clarke1880IGN = _lazy(_Clarke1880IGN_, *_T(6378249.2, 6356515.0, 293.466021294)),

2312 Clarke1880Mod = _lazy('Clarke1880Mod', *_T(6378249.145, 6356514.96639549, 293.466307656)), # aka Clarke1880Arc

2313 CPM1799 = _lazy('CPM1799', *_T(6375738.7, 6356671.92557493, 334.39)), # Comm. des Poids et Mesures

2314 Delambre1810 = _lazy('Delambre1810', *_T(6376428.0, 6355957.92616372, 311.5)), # Belgium

2315 Engelis1985 = _lazy('Engelis1985', *_T(6378136.05, 6356751.32272154, 298.2566)),

2316# Everest1830 = _lazy('Everest1830', *_T(6377276.345, _0_0, 300.801699997)),

2317# Everest1948 = _lazy('Everest1948', *_T(6377304.063, _0_0, 300.801699997)),

2318# Everest1956 = _lazy('Everest1956', *_T(6377301.243, _0_0, 300.801699997)),

2319 Everest1969 = _lazy('Everest1969', *_T(6377295.664, 6356094.667915, 300.801699997)),

2320 Everest1975 = _lazy('Everest1975', *_T(6377299.151, 6356098.14512013, 300.8017255)),

2321 Fisher1968 = _lazy('Fisher1968', *_T(6378150.0, 6356768.33724438, 298.3)),

2322# Fisher1968Mod = _lazy('Fisher1968Mod', *_T(6378155.0, _0_0, 298.3)),

2323 GEM10C = _lazy('GEM10C', *_T(R_MA, 6356752.31424783, 298.2572236)),

2324 GPES = _lazy('GPES', *_T(6378135.0, 6356750.0, _0_0)), # "Gen. Purpose Earth Spheroid"

2325 GRS67 = _lazy('GRS67', *_T(6378160.0, _0_0, 298.247167427)), # Lucerne b=6356774.516

2326# GRS67Truncated = _lazy('GRS67Truncated', *_T(6378160.0, _0_0, 298.25)),

2327 GRS80 = _lazy(_GRS80_, *_T(R_MA, 6356752.314140347, 298.25722210088)), # IUGG, ITRS, ETRS89

2328# Hayford1924 = _lazy('Hayford1924', *_T(6378388.0, 6356911.94612795, None)), # aka Intl1924 f_=297

2329 Helmert1906 = _lazy('Helmert1906', *_T(6378200.0, 6356818.16962789, 298.3)),

2330# Hough1960 = _lazy('Hough1960', *_T(6378270.0, _0_0, 297.0)),

2331 IAU76 = _lazy('IAU76', *_T(6378140.0, _0_0, 298.257)), # Int'l Astronomical Union

2332 IERS1989 = _lazy('IERS1989', *_T(6378136.0, _0_0, 298.257)), # b=6356751.302

2333 IERS1992TOPEX = _lazy('IERS1992TOPEX', *_T(6378136.3, 6356751.61659215, 298.257223563)), # IERS/TOPEX/Poseidon/McCarthy

2334 IERS2003 = _lazy('IERS2003', *_T(6378136.6, 6356751.85797165, 298.25642)),

2335 Intl1924 = _lazy(_Intl1924_, *_T(6378388.0, _0_0, 297.0)), # aka Hayford b=6356911.9462795

2336 Intl1967 = _lazy('Intl1967', *_T(6378157.5, 6356772.2, 298.24961539)), # New Int'l

2337 Krassovski1940 = _lazy(_Krassovski1940_, *_T(6378245.0, 6356863.01877305, 298.3)), # spelling

2338 Krassowsky1940 = _lazy(_Krassowsky1940_, *_T(6378245.0, 6356863.01877305, 298.3)), # spelling

2339# Kaula = _lazy('Kaula', *_T(6378163.0, _0_0, 298.24)), # Kaula 1961

2340# Lerch = _lazy('Lerch', *_T(6378139.0, _0_0, 298.257)), # Lerch 1979

2341 Maupertuis1738 = _lazy('Maupertuis1738', *_T(6397300.0, 6363806.28272251, 191.0)), # France

2342 Mercury1960 = _lazy('Mercury1960', *_T(6378166.0, 6356784.28360711, 298.3)),

2343 Mercury1968Mod = _lazy('Mercury1968Mod', *_T(6378150.0, 6356768.33724438, 298.3)),

2344# MERIT = _lazy('MERIT', *_T(6378137.0, _0_0, 298.257)), # MERIT 1983

2345# NWL10D = _lazy('NWL10D', *_T(6378135.0, _0_0, 298.26)), # Naval Weapons Lab.

2346 NWL1965 = _lazy('NWL1965', *_T(6378145.0, 6356759.76948868, 298.25)), # Naval Weapons Lab.

2347# NWL9D = _lazy('NWL9D', *_T(6378145.0, 6356759.76948868, 298.25)), # NWL1965

2348 OSU86F = _lazy('OSU86F', *_T(6378136.2, 6356751.51693008, 298.2572236)),

2349 OSU91A = _lazy('OSU91A', *_T(6378136.3, 6356751.6165948, 298.2572236)),

2350# Plessis1817 = _lazy('Plessis1817', *_T(6397523.0, 6355863.0, 153.56512242)), # XXX incorrect?

2351 Plessis1817 = _lazy('Plessis1817', *_T(6376523.0, 6355862.93325557, 308.64)), # XXX IGN France 1972

2352# Prolate = _lazy('Prolate', *_T(6356752.3, R_MA, _0_0)),

2353 PZ90 = _lazy('PZ90', *_T(6378136.0, _0_0, 298.257839303)), # GLOSNASS PZ-90 and PZ-90.11

2354# SEAsia = _lazy('SEAsia', *_T(6378155.0, _0_0, 298.3)), # SouthEast Asia

2355 SGS85 = _lazy('SGS85', *_T(6378136.0, 6356751.30156878, 298.257)), # Soviet Geodetic System

2356 SoAmerican1969 = _lazy('SoAmerican1969', *_T(6378160.0, 6356774.71919531, 298.25)), # South American

2357 Sphere = _lazy(_Sphere_, *_T(R_M, R_M, _0_0)), # pseudo

2358 SphereAuthalic = _lazy('SphereAuthalic', *_T(R_FM, R_FM, _0_0)), # pseudo

2359 SpherePopular = _lazy('SpherePopular', *_T(R_MA, R_MA, _0_0)), # EPSG:3857 Spheroid

2360 Struve1860 = _lazy('Struve1860', *_T(6378298.3, 6356657.14266956, 294.73)),

2361# Walbeck = _lazy('Walbeck', *_T(6376896.0, _0_0, 302.78)),

2362# WarOffice = _lazy('WarOffice', *_T(6378300.0, _0_0, 296.0)),

2363 WGS60 = _lazy('WGS60', *_T(6378165.0, 6356783.28695944, 298.3)),

2364 WGS66 = _lazy('WGS66', *_T(6378145.0, 6356759.76948868, 298.25)),

2365 WGS72 = _lazy(_WGS72_, *_T(6378135.0, _0_0, 298.26)), # b=6356750.52

2366 WGS84 = _lazy(_WGS84_, *_T(R_MA, _0_0, _f__WGS84)), # GPS b=6356752.3142451793

2367# U{NOAA/NOS/NGS/inverse<https://GitHub.com/noaa-ngs/inverse/blob/main/invers3d.f>}

2368 WGS84_NGS = _lazy('WGS84_NGS', *_T(R_MA, _0_0, 298.257222100882711243162836600094))

2369)

2370

2371_EWGS84 = Ellipsoids.WGS84 # (INTERNAL) shared

2372

2373 if __name__ == '__main__':

2374

2375 from pygeodesy.interns import _COMMA_, _NL_, _NLATvar_

2376 from pygeodesy import nameof, printf

2377

2378 for E in (_EWGS84, Ellipsoids.GRS80, # NAD83,

2379 Ellipsoids.Sphere, Ellipsoids.SpherePopular,

2380 Ellipsoid(_EWGS84.b, _EWGS84.a, name='_Prolate')):

2381 e = f2n(E.f) - E.n

2382 printf('# %s: %s', _DOT_('Ellipsoids', E.name), E.toStr(prec=10, terse=0), nl=1)

2383 printf('# e=%s, f_=%s, f=%s, n=%s (%s)', fstr(E.e, prec=13, fmt=Fmt.e),

2384 fstr(E.f_, prec=13, fmt=Fmt.e),

2385 fstr(E.f, prec=13, fmt=Fmt.e),

2386 fstr(E.n, prec=13, fmt=Fmt.e),

2387 fstr(e, prec=9, fmt=Fmt.e))

2388 printf('# %s %s', Ellipsoid.AlphaKs.name, fstr(E.AlphaKs, prec=20))

2389 printf('# %s %s', Ellipsoid.BetaKs.name, fstr(E.BetaKs, prec=20))

2390 printf('# %s %s', nameof(Ellipsoid.KsOrder), E.KsOrder) # property

2391

2392 # __doc__ of this file, force all into registry

2393 t = [NN] + Ellipsoids.toRepr(all=True, asorted=True).split(_NL_)

2394 printf(_NLATvar_.join(i.strip(_COMMA_) for i in t))

2395

2396# % python3 -m pygeodesy.ellipsoids

2397

2398# Ellipsoids.WGS84: name='WGS84', a=6378137, f=0.0033528107, f_=298.257223563, b=6356752.3142451793, f2=0.0033640898, n=0.0016792204, e=0.0818191908, e2=0.00669438, e21=0.99330562, e22=0.0067394967, e32=0.0033584313, A=6367449.1458234144, L=10001965.7293127235, R1=6371008.7714150595, R2=6371007.1809184738, R3=6371000.7900091587, Rbiaxial=6367453.6345163295, Rtriaxial=6372797.5559594007

2399# e=8.1819190842622e-02, f_=2.98257223563e+02, f=3.3528106647475e-03, n=1.6792203863837e-03 (0.0e+00)

2400# AlphaKs 0.00083773182062446994, 0.00000076085277735725, 0.00000000119764550324, 0.00000000000242917068, 0.00000000000000571182, 0.0000000000000000148, 0.00000000000000000004, 0.0

2401# BetaKs 0.00083773216405794875, 0.0000000590587015222, 0.00000000016734826653, 0.00000000000021647981, 0.00000000000000037879, 0.00000000000000000072, 0.0, 0.0

2402# KsOrder 8

2403

2404# Ellipsoids.GRS80: name='GRS80', a=6378137, f=0.0033528107, f_=298.2572221009, b=6356752.3141403468, f2=0.0033640898, n=0.0016792204, e=0.081819191, e2=0.00669438, e21=0.99330562, e22=0.0067394968, e32=0.0033584313, A=6367449.1457710434, L=10001965.7292304561, R1=6371008.7713801153, R2=6371007.1808835147, R3=6371000.7899741363, Rbiaxial=6367453.6344640013, Rtriaxial=6372797.5559332585

2405# e=8.1819191042833e-02, f_=2.9825722210088e+02, f=3.3528106811837e-03, n=1.6792203946295e-03 (0.0e+00)

2406# AlphaKs 0.00083773182472890429, 0.00000076085278481561, 0.00000000119764552086, 0.00000000000242917073, 0.00000000000000571182, 0.0000000000000000148, 0.00000000000000000004, 0.0

2407# BetaKs 0.0008377321681623882, 0.00000005905870210374, 0.000000000167348269, 0.00000000000021647982, 0.00000000000000037879, 0.00000000000000000072, 0.0, 0.0

2408# KsOrder 8

2409

2410# Ellipsoids.Sphere: name='Sphere', a=6371008.7714149999, f=0, f_=0, b=6371008.7714149999, f2=0, n=0, e=0, e2=0, e21=1, e22=0, e32=0, A=6371008.7714149999, L=10007557.1761167478, R1=6371008.7714149999, R2=6371008.7714149999, R3=6371008.7714149999, Rbiaxial=6371008.7714149999, Rtriaxial=6371008.7714149999

2411# e=0.0e+00, f_=0.0e+00, f=0.0e+00, n=0.0e+00 (0.0e+00)

2412# AlphaKs 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0

2413# BetaKs 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0

2414# KsOrder 8

2415

2416# Ellipsoids.SpherePopular: name='SpherePopular', a=6378137, f=0, f_=0, b=6378137, f2=0, n=0, e=0, e2=0, e21=1, e22=0, e32=0, A=6378137, L=10018754.171394622, R1=6378137, R2=6378137, R3=6378137, Rbiaxial=6378137, Rtriaxial=6378137

2417# e=0.0e+00, f_=0.0e+00, f=0.0e+00, n=0.0e+00 (0.0e+00)

2418# AlphaKs 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0

2419# BetaKs 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0

2420# KsOrder 8

2421

2422# Ellipsoids._Prolate: name='_Prolate', a=6356752.3142451793, f=-0.0033640898, f_=-297.257223563, b=6378137, f2=-0.0033528107, n=-0.0016792204, e=0.0820944379, e2=-0.0067394967, e21=1.0067394967, e22=-0.00669438, e32=-0.0033584313, A=6367449.1458234144, L=10035500.5204500314, R1=6363880.5428301189, R2=6363878.9413582645, R3=6363872.5644020075, Rbiaxial=6367453.6345163295, Rtriaxial=6362105.2243882557

2423# e=8.2094437949696e-02, f_=-2.97257223563e+02, f=-3.3640898209765e-03, n=-1.6792203863837e-03 (0.0e+00)

2424# AlphaKs -0.00084149152514366627, 0.00000076653480614871, -0.00000000120934503389, 0.0000000000024576225, -0.00000000000000578863, 0.00000000000000001502, -0.00000000000000000004, 0.0

2425# BetaKs -0.00084149187224351817, 0.00000005842735196773, -0.0000000001680487236, 0.00000000000021706261, -0.00000000000000038002, 0.00000000000000000073, -0.0, 0.0

2426# KsOrder 8

2427

2428# **) MIT License

2429#

2430# Copyright (C) 2016-2024 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.

2431#

2432# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a

2433# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

2434# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation

2435# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,

2436# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the

2437# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

2438#

2439# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included

2440# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

2441#

2442# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS

2443# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

2444# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL

2445# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR

2446# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,

2447# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR

2448# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.