1

2# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

3

4 u'''Some, basic definitions, functions and dependencies.

5

6 Use env variable C{PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES} to avoid import of dependencies

7 C{geographiclib}, C{numpy} and/or C{scipy}. Set C{PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES}

8 to a comma-separated list of package names to be excluded from import.

9'''

10# make sure int/int division yields float quotient

11 from __future__ import division

12 division = 1 / 2 # .albers, .azimuthal, .constants, etc., .utily

13 if not division:

14 raise ImportError('%s 1/2 == %s' % ('division', division))

15 del division

16

17 from pygeodesy.errors import _AssertionError, _AttributeError, _ImportError, \

18 _TypeError, _TypesError, _ValueError, _xkwds_get

19 from pygeodesy.interns import MISSING, NN, _by_, _DOT_, _ELLIPSIS4_, _enquote, \

20 _EQUAL_, _in_, _invalid_, _N_A_, _SPACE_, \

21 _splituple, _UNDER_, _version_ # _utf_8_

22 from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY, _ALL_MODS as _MODS, _FOR_DOCS, \

23 _getenv, _sys, _sys_version_info2

24

25 from copy import copy as _copy, deepcopy as _deepcopy

26 from math import copysign as _copysign

27 import inspect as _inspect

28

29__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.basics

30__version__ = '23.06.23'

31

32_0_0 = 0.0 # in .constants

33_below_ = 'below'

34_cannot_ = 'cannot'

35_list_tuple_types = (list, tuple)

36_list_tuple_set_types = (list, tuple, set)

37_odd_ = 'odd'

38_required_ = 'required'

39_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_ = 'PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES'

40_XPACKAGES = _splituple(_getenv(_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_, NN))

41

42 try: # Luciano Ramalho, "Fluent Python", page 395, O'Reilly, 2016

43 from numbers import Integral as _Ints, Real as _Scalars

44 except ImportError:

45 try:

46 _Ints = int, long # int objects (C{tuple})

47 except NameError: # Python 3+

48 _Ints = int, # int objects (C{tuple})

49 _Scalars = _Ints + (float,)

50

51 try:

52 try: # use C{from collections.abc import ...} in Python 3.9+

53 from collections.abc import Sequence as _Sequence # in .points

54 except ImportError: # no .abc in Python 3.8- and 2.7-

55 from collections import Sequence as _Sequence # in .points

56 if isinstance([], _Sequence) and isinstance((), _Sequence):

57 # and isinstance(range(1), _Sequence):

58 _Seqs = _Sequence

59 else:

60 raise ImportError # _AssertionError

61 except ImportError:

62 _Sequence = tuple # immutable for .points._Basequence

63 _Seqs = list, _Sequence # , range for function len2 below

64

65 try:

66 _Bytes = unicode, bytearray # PYCHOK expected

67 _Strs = basestring, str # XXX , bytes

68

69 def _NOP(x):

70 '''NOP, pass thru.'''

71 return x

72

73 str2ub = ub2str = _NOP # avoids UnicodeDecodeError

74

75 def _Xstr(exc): # PYCHOK no cover

76 '''I{Invoke only with caught ImportError} B{C{exc}}.

77

78 C{... "cannot import name _distributor_init" ...}

79

80 only for C{numpy}, C{scipy} import errors occurring

81 on arm64 Apple Silicon running macOS' Python 2.7.16?

82 '''

83 t = str(exc)

84 if '_distributor_init' in t:

85 from sys import exc_info

86 from traceback import extract_tb

87 tb = exc_info()[2] # 3-tuple (type, value, traceback)

88 t4 = extract_tb(tb, 1)[0] # 4-tuple (file, line, name, 'import ...')

89 t = _SPACE_(_cannot_, t4[3] or _N_A_)

90 del tb, t4

91 return t

92

93 except NameError: # Python 3+

94 from pygeodesy.interns import _utf_8_

95

96 _Bytes = bytes, bytearray

97 _Strs = str, # tuple

98 _Xstr = str

99

100 def str2ub(sb):

101 '''Convert C{str} to C{unicode bytes}.

102 '''

103 if isinstance(sb, _Strs):

104 sb = sb.encode(_utf_8_)

105 return sb

106

107 def ub2str(ub):

108 '''Convert C{unicode bytes} to C{str}.

109 '''

110 if isinstance(ub, _Bytes):

111 ub = str(ub.decode(_utf_8_))

112 return ub

113

114

115 def clips(sb, limit=50, white=NN):

116 '''Clip a string to the given length limit.

117

118 @arg sb: String (C{str} or C{bytes}).

119 @kwarg limit: Length limit (C{int}).

120 @kwarg white: Optionally, replace all whitespace (C{str}).

121

122 @return: The clipped or unclipped B{C{sb}}.

123 '''

124 T = type(sb)

125 if len(sb) > limit > 8:

126 h = limit // 2

127 sb = T(_ELLIPSIS4_).join((sb[:h], sb[-h:]))

128 if white: # replace whitespace

129 sb = T(white).join(sb.split())

130 return sb

131

132

133 def copysign0(x, y):

134 '''Like C{math.copysign(x, y)} except C{zero}, I{unsigned}.

135

136 @return: C{math.copysign(B{x}, B{y})} if B{C{x}} else

137 C{type(B{x})(0)}.

138 '''

139 return _copysign(x, (y if y else 0)) if x else copytype(0, x)

140

141

142 def copytype(x, y):

143 '''Return the value of B{x} as C{type} of C{y}.

144

145 @return: C{type(B{y})(B{x})}.

146 '''

147 return type(y)(x if x else _0_0)

148

149

150 def halfs2(str2):

151 '''Split a string in 2 halfs.

152

153 @arg str2: String to split (C{str}).

154

155 @return: 2-Tuple C{(_1st, _2nd)} half (C{str}).

156

157 @raise ValueError: Zero or odd C{len(B{str2})}.

158 '''

159 h, r = divmod(len(str2), 2)

160 if r or not h:

161 raise _ValueError(str2=str2, txt=_odd_)

162 return str2[:h], str2[h:]

163

164

165 def isbool(obj):

166 '''Check whether an object is C{bool}ean.

167

168 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

169

170 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{bool}ean,

171 C{False} otherwise.

172 '''

173 return isinstance(obj, bool) # and (obj is False

174# or obj is True)

175

176 if isbool(1) or isbool(0): # PYCHOK assert

177 raise _AssertionError(isbool=1)

178

179 if _FOR_DOCS: # XXX avoid epidoc Python 2.7 error

180

181 def isclass(obj):

182 '''Return C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a C{class} or C{type}.

183

184 @see: Python's C{inspect.isclass}.

185 '''

186 return _inspect.isclass(obj)

187 else:

188 isclass = _inspect.isclass

189

190

191 def iscomplex(obj):

192 '''Check whether an object is a C{complex} or complex C{str}.

193

194 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

195

196 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{complex}, otherwise

197 C{False}.

198 '''

199 try: # hasattr('conjugate'), hasattr('real') and hasattr('imag')

200 return isinstance(obj, complex) or (isstr(obj)

201 and isinstance(complex(obj), complex)) # numbers.Complex?

202 except (TypeError, ValueError):

203 return False

204

205

206 def isfloat(obj):

207 '''Check whether an object is a C{float} or float C{str}.

208

209 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

210

211 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a C{float}, otherwise

212 C{False}.

213 '''

214 try:

215 return isinstance( obj, float) or (isstr(obj)

216 and isinstance(float(obj), float))

217 except (TypeError, ValueError):

218 return False

219

220

221 try:

222 isidentifier = str.isidentifier # Python 3, must be str

223 except AttributeError: # Python 2-

224

225 def isidentifier(obj):

226 '''Return C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a Python identifier.

227 '''

228 return bool(obj and isstr(obj)

229 and obj.replace(_UNDER_, NN).isalnum()

230 and not obj[:1].isdigit())

231

232

233 def isinstanceof(obj, *classes):

234 '''Check an instance of one or several C{classes}.

235

236 @arg obj: The instance (C{any}).

237 @arg classes: One or more classes (C{class}).

238

239 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is in instance of

240 one of the B{C{classes}}.

241 '''

242 return isinstance(obj, classes)

243

244

245 def isint(obj, both=False):

246 '''Check for C{int} type or an integer C{float} value.

247

248 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

249 @kwarg both: If C{true}, check C{float} and L{Fsum}

250 type and value (C{bool}).

251

252 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{int} or I{integer}

253 C{float} or L{Fsum}, C{False} otherwise.

254

255 @note: Both C{isint(True)} and C{isint(False)} return

256 C{False} (and no longer C{True}).

257 '''

258 if isinstance(obj, _Ints) and not isbool(obj):

259 return True

260 elif both: # and isinstance(obj, (float, Fsum))

261 try: # NOT , _Scalars) to include Fsum!

262 return obj.is_integer()

263 except AttributeError:

264 pass # XXX float(int(obj)) == obj?

265 return False

266

267

268 try:

269 from keyword import iskeyword # Python 2.7+

270 except ImportError:

271

272 def iskeyword(unused):

273 '''Not Implemented, C{False} always.

274 '''

275 return False

276

277

278 def islistuple(obj, minum=0):

279 '''Check for list or tuple C{type} with a minumal length.

280

281 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

282 @kwarg minum: Minimal C{len} required C({int}).

283

284 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{list} or C{tuple} with

285 C{len} at least B{C{minum}}, C{False} otherwise.

286 '''

287 return type(obj) in _list_tuple_types and len(obj) >= (minum or 0)

288

289

290 def isodd(x):

291 '''Is B{C{x}} odd?

292

293 @arg x: Value (C{scalar}).

294

295 @return: C{True} if B{C{x}} is odd,

296 C{False} otherwise.

297 '''

298 return bool(int(x) & 1) # == bool(int(x) % 2)

299

300

301 def isscalar(obj):

302 '''Check for scalar types.

303

304 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

305

306 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{scalar}, C{False} otherwise.

307 '''

308 return isinstance(obj, _Scalars) and not isbool(obj)

309

310

311 def issequence(obj, *excls):

312 '''Check for sequence types.

313

314 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

315 @arg excls: Classes to exclude (C{type}), all positional.

316

317 @note: Excluding C{tuple} implies excluding C{namedtuple}.

318

319 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a sequence, C{False} otherwise.

320 '''

321 return isinstance(obj, _Seqs) and not (excls and isinstance(obj, excls))

322

323

324 def isstr(obj):

325 '''Check for string types.

326

327 @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).

328

329 @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{str}, C{False} otherwise.

330 '''

331 return isinstance(obj, _Strs)

332

333

334 def issubclassof(Sub, *Supers):

335 '''Check whether a class is a sub-class of some other class(es).

336

337 @arg Sub: The sub-class (C{class}).

338 @arg Supers: One or more C(super) classes (C{class}).

339

340 @return: C{True} if B{C{Sub}} is a sub-class of any B{C{Supers}},

341 C{False} if not (C{bool}) or C{None} if B{C{Sub}} is not

342 a class or if no B{C{Supers}} are given or none of those

343 are a class.

344 '''

345 if isclass(Sub):

346 t = tuple(S for S in Supers if isclass(S))

347 if t:

348 return bool(issubclass(Sub, t))

349 return None

350

351

352 def len2(items):

353 '''Make built-in function L{len} work for generators, iterators,

354 etc. since those can only be started exactly once.

355

356 @arg items: Generator, iterator, list, range, tuple, etc.

357

358 @return: 2-Tuple C{(n, items)} of the number of items (C{int})

359 and the items (C{list} or C{tuple}).

360 '''

361 if not isinstance(items, _Seqs): # NOT hasattr(items, '__len__'):

362 items = list(items)

363 return len(items), items

364

365

366 def map1(fun1, *xs): # XXX map_

367 '''Apply each B{C{xs}} to a single-argument function and

368 return a C{tuple} of results.

369

370 @arg fun1: 1-Arg function to apply (C{callable}).

371 @arg xs: Arguments to apply (C{any positional}).

372

373 @return: Function results (C{tuple}).

374 '''

375 return tuple(map(fun1, xs))

376

377

378 def map2(func, *xs):

379 '''Apply arguments to a function and return a C{tuple} of results.

380

381 Unlike Python 2's built-in L{map}, Python 3+ L{map} returns a

382 L{map} object, an iterator-like object which generates the

383 results only once. Converting the L{map} object to a tuple

384 maintains the Python 2 behavior.

385

386 @arg func: Function to apply (C{callable}).

387 @arg xs: Arguments to apply (C{list, tuple, ...}).

388

389 @return: Function results (C{tuple}).

390 '''

391 return tuple(map(func, *xs))

392

393

394 def neg(x):

395 '''Negate C{x} unless C{zero} or C{NEG0}.

396

397 @return: C{-B{x}} if B{C{x}} else C{0.0}.

398 '''

399 return (-x) if x else _0_0

400

401

402 def neg_(*xs):

403 '''Negate all C{xs} with L{neg}.

404

405 @return: A C{map(neg, B{xs})}.

406 '''

407 return map(neg, xs)

408

409

410 def _reverange(n):

411 '''(INTERNAL) Reversed range yielding (n-1, n-2, ..., 1, 0).

412 '''

413 return range(n - 1, -1, -1)

414

415

416 def signBit(x):

417 '''Return C{signbit(B{x})}, like C++.

418

419 @return: C{True} if C{B{x} < 0} or C{NEG0} (C{bool}).

420 '''

421 return x < 0 or _MODS.constants.isneg0(x)

422

423

424 def _signOf(x, ref): # in .fsums

425 '''(INTERNAL) Return the sign of B{C{x}} versus B{C{ref}}.

426 '''

427 return +1 if x > ref else (-1 if x < ref else 0)

428

429

430 def signOf(x):

431 '''Return sign of C{x} as C{int}.

432

433 @return: -1, 0 or +1 (C{int}).

434 '''

435 try:

436 s = x.signOf() # Fsum instance?

437 except AttributeError:

438 s = _signOf(x, 0)

439 return s

440

441

442 def _sizeof(inst):

443 '''(INTERNAL) Recursively size an C{inst}ance.

444

445 @return: Instance' size in bytes (C{int}),

446 ignoring class attributes and

447 counting duplicates only once.

448 '''

449 _zB = _sys.getsizeof

450 _zD = _zB(None) # some default

451

452 def _zR(s, iterable):

453 z, _s = 0, s.add

454 for o in iterable:

455 i = id(o)

456 if i not in s:

457 _s(i)

458 z += _zB(o, _zD)

459 if isinstance(o, dict):

460 z += _zR(s, o.keys())

461 z += _zR(s, o.values())

462 elif isinstance(o, _list_tuple_set_types):

463 z += _zR(s, o)

464 else:

465 try: # size instance' attr values only

466 z += _zR(s, o.__dict__.values())

467 except AttributeError: # None, int, etc.

468 pass

469 return z

470

471 return _zR(set(), (inst,))

472

473

474 def splice(iterable, n=2, **fill):

475 '''Split an iterable into C{n} slices.

476

477 @arg iterable: Items to be spliced (C{list}, C{tuple}, ...).

478 @kwarg n: Number of slices to generate (C{int}).

479 @kwarg fill: Optional fill value for missing items.

480

481 @return: A generator for each of B{C{n}} slices,

482 M{iterable[i::n] for i=0..n}.

483

484 @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{n}}.

485

486 @note: Each generated slice is a C{tuple} or a C{list},

487 the latter only if the B{C{iterable}} is a C{list}.

488

489 @example:

490

491 >>> from pygeodesy import splice

492

493 >>> a, b = splice(range(10))

494 >>> a, b

495 ((0, 2, 4, 6, 8), (1, 3, 5, 7, 9))

496

497 >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3)

498 >>> a, b, c

499 ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8))

500

501 >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3, fill=-1)

502 >>> a, b, c

503 ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7, -1), (2, 5, 8, -1))

504

505 >>> tuple(splice(list(range(9)), n=5))

506 ([0, 5], [1, 6], [2, 7], [3, 8], [4])

507

508 >>> splice(range(9), n=1)

509 <generator object splice at 0x0...>

510 '''

511 if not isint(n):

512 raise _TypeError(n=n)

513

514 t = iterable

515 if not isinstance(t, _list_tuple_types):

516 t = tuple(t) # force tuple, also for PyPy3

517

518 if n > 1:

519 if fill:

520 fill = _xkwds_get(fill, fill=MISSING)

521 if fill is not MISSING:

522 m = len(t) % n

523 if m > 0: # same type fill

524 t += type(t)((fill,) * (n - m))

525 for i in range(n):

526 # XXX t[i::n] chokes PyChecker

527 yield t[slice(i, None, n)]

528 else:

529 yield t

530

531

532 def unsigned0(x):

533 '''Unsign if C{0.0}.

534

535 @return: C{B{x}} if B{C{x}} else C{0.0}.

536 '''

537 return x if x else _0_0

538

539

540 def _xargs_names(callabl):

541 '''(INTERNAL) Get the C{callabl}'s args names.

542 '''

543 try:

544 args_kwds = _inspect.signature(callabl).parameters.keys()

545 except AttributeError: # .signature new Python 3+

546 args_kwds = _inspect.getargspec(callabl).args

547 return tuple(args_kwds)

548

549

550 def _xcopy(inst, deep=False):

551 '''(INTERNAL) Copy an object, shallow or deep.

552

553 @arg inst: The object to copy (any C{type}).

554 @kwarg deep: If C{True} make a deep, otherwise

555 a shallow copy (C{bool}).

556

557 @return: The copy of B{C{inst}}.

558 '''

559 return _deepcopy(inst) if deep else _copy(inst)

560

561

562 def _xdup(inst, **items):

563 '''(INTERNAL) Duplicate an object, replacing some attributes.

564

565 @arg inst: The object to copy (any C{type}).

566 @kwarg items: Attributes to be changed (C{any}).

567

568 @return: Shallow duplicate of B{C{inst}} with modified

569 attributes, if any B{C{items}}.

570

571 @raise AttributeError: Some B{C{items}} invalid.

572 '''

573 d = _xcopy(inst, deep=False)

574 for n, v in items.items():

575 if not hasattr(d, n):

576 t = _MODS.named.classname(inst)

577 t = _SPACE_(_DOT_(t, n), _invalid_)

578 raise _AttributeError(txt=t, this=inst, **items)

579 setattr(d, n, v)

580 return d

581

582

583 def _xgeographiclib(where, *required):

584 '''(INTERNAL) Import C{geographiclib} and check required version.

585 '''

586 try:

587 _xpackage(_xgeographiclib)

588 import geographiclib

589 except ImportError as x:

590 raise _xImportError(x, where)

591 return _xversion(geographiclib, where, *required)

592

593

594 def _xImportError(x, where, **name):

595 '''(INTERNAL) Embellish an C{ImportError}.

596 '''

597 t = _SPACE_(_required_, _by_, _xwhere(where, **name))

598 return _ImportError(_Xstr(x), txt=t, cause=x)

599

600

601 def _xinstanceof(*Types, **name_value_pairs):

602 '''(INTERNAL) Check C{Types} of all C{name=value} pairs.

603

604 @arg Types: One or more classes or types (C{class}),

605 all positional.

606 @kwarg name_value_pairs: One or more C{B{name}=value} pairs

607 with the C{value} to be checked.

608

609 @raise TypeError: One of the B{C{name_value_pairs}} is not

610 an instance of any of the B{C{Types}}.

611 '''

612 if Types and name_value_pairs:

613 for n, v in name_value_pairs.items():

614 if not isinstance(v, Types):

615 raise _TypesError(n, v, *Types)

616 else:

617 raise _AssertionError(Types=Types, name_value_pairs=name_value_pairs)

618

619

620 def _xnumpy(where, *required):

621 '''(INTERNAL) Import C{numpy} and check required version.

622 '''

623 try:

624 _xpackage(_xnumpy)

625 import numpy

626 except ImportError as x:

627 raise _xImportError(x, where)

628 return _xversion(numpy, where, *required)

629

630

631 def _xpackage(_xpkg):

632 '''(INTERNAL) Check dependency to be excluded.

633 '''

634 n = _xpkg.__name__[2:]

635 if n in _XPACKAGES:

636 x = _SPACE_(n, _in_, _PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_)

637 e = _enquote(_getenv(_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_, NN))

638 raise ImportError(_EQUAL_(x, e))

639

640

641 def _xor(x, *xs):

642 '''(INTERNAL) Exclusive-or C{x} and C{xs}.

643 '''

644 for x_ in xs:

645 x ^= x_

646 return x

647

648

649 def _xscipy(where, *required):

650 '''(INTERNAL) Import C{scipy} and check required version.

651 '''

652 try:

653 _xpackage(_xscipy)

654 import scipy

655 except ImportError as x:

656 raise _xImportError(x, where)

657 return _xversion(scipy, where, *required)

658

659

660 def _xsubclassof(*Classes, **name_value_pairs):

661 '''(INTERNAL) Check (super) class of all C{name=value} pairs.

662

663 @arg Classes: One or more classes or types (C{class}),

664 all positional.

665 @kwarg name_value_pairs: One or more C{B{name}=value} pairs

666 with the C{value} to be checked.

667

668 @raise TypeError: One of the B{C{name_value_pairs}} is not

669 a (sub-)class of any of the B{C{Classes}}.

670 '''

671 for n, v in name_value_pairs.items():

672 if not issubclassof(v, *Classes):

673 raise _TypesError(n, v, *Classes)

674

675

676 def _xversion(package, where, *required, **name):

677 '''(INTERNAL) Check the C{package} version vs B{C{required}}.

678 '''

679 n = len(required)

680 if n:

681 t = _xversion_info(package)

682 if t[:n] < required:

683 t = _SPACE_(package.__name__, _version_, _DOT_(*t),

684 _below_, _DOT_(*required),

685 _required_, _by_, _xwhere(where, **name))

686 raise ImportError(t)

687 return package

688

689

690 def _xversion_info(package): # in .karney

691 '''(INTERNAL) Get the C{package.__version_info__} as a 2- or

692 3-tuple C{(major, minor, revision)} if C{int}s.

693 '''

694 try:

695 t = package.__version_info__

696 except AttributeError:

697 t = package.__version__.strip()

698 t = t.replace(_DOT_, _SPACE_).split()[:3]

699 return map2(int, t)

700

701

702 def _xwhere(where, **name):

703 '''(INTERNAL) Get the fully qualified name.

704 '''

705 m = _MODS.named.modulename(where, prefixed=True)

706 if name:

707 n = _xkwds_get(name, name=NN)

708 if n:

709 m = _DOT_(m, n)

710 return m

711

712

713 if _sys_version_info2 < (3, 10): # see .errors

714 _zip = zip # PYCHOK exported

715 else: # Python 3.10+

716

717 def _zip(*args):

718 return zip(*args, strict=True)

719

720# **) MIT License

721#

722# Copyright (C) 2016-2023 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.

723#

724# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a

725# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

726# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation

727# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,

728# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the

729# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

730#

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