
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Test ellipsoidal earth model functions and methods.

__all__ = ('Tests',)
__version__ = '22.08.24'

from base import coverage, GeodSolve, geographiclib, isPython35, RandomLatLon
from testLatLon import Tests as _TestsLL
from testVectorial import Tests as _TestsV

from pygeodesy import EPS, F_D, F_D__, F_DMS, bearingDMS, compassDMS, \
                      Datums, fstr, IntersectionError, \
                      latlonDMS, latlonDMS_, m2SM, normDMS, PI, PI_4, R_M, \
                      RefFrames, VincentyError, wrap360

from math import radians


class Tests(_TestsLL, _TestsV):

    def testEllipsoidal(self, module, Cartesian, Nvector, V=False, X=False, **unused):
        # ellipsoidal modules tests

        self.subtitle(module, 'Ellipsoidal')

        LatLon = module.LatLon

        p = LatLon(51.4778, -0.0016, 0, Datums.WGS84)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', p.isEllipsoidal, True)
        self.test('isSpherical', p.isSpherical, False)

        d = p.toDatum(Datums.OSGB36)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', d.isEllipsoidal, True)
        self.test('isSpherical', d.isSpherical, False)

        self.test('toDatum', d, '51.477284°N, 000.00002°E, -45.91m')  # 51.4773°N, 000.0000°E, -45.91m
        self.test('toDatum', d.toStr(F_D, prec=4), '51.4773°N, 000.0°E, -45.91m')
        self.test('toDatum', p.toDatum(p.datum), p)  # i.e. p.copy()

        if isPython35:
            # using eval avoids SyntaxError with Python 3.4-,
            # but t = eval("d @= ...") throws a SyntaxError
            t = eval('Datums.OSGB36 @ p')
            self.test('__matmul__', t, d)
            t = d.dup(reframe=RefFrames.ITRF2000)
            t = eval('RefFrames.ITRF2014 @ t')
            self.test('__matmul__', t, t)

        if coverage:  # coverage
            n = 'test'
            self.test('parse',   p.parse(d.toStr(F_D__)), d)
            p.reframe = None
            self.test('reframe', p.reframe, None)
            c = p.toCartesian()
            self.test('toCartesian', c, '[3980581.21, -111.159, 4966824.522]')
            if geographiclib:
                self.test('toCss', p.toCss(), '-111.158797 5705242.333679')
                self.test('toCss', p.toCss(name=n), '-111.158797 5705242.333679')
            t = fstr(c.toEcef()[:3], 3)
            self.test('toEcef',   t,  '3980581.21, -111.159, 4966824.522')
            self.test('toEtm',    p.toEtm(), '30 N 916396 5720041')
            self.test('toEtm',    p.toEtm(name=n), '30 N 916396 5720041')
            self.test('toLcc',    p.toLcc(), '5639901 4612638')
            self.test('toLcc',    p.toLcc(name=n), '5639901 4612638')
            self.test('toOsgr',   p.toOsgr(), 'TQ 38876 77320')
            self.test('toOsgr',   p.toOsgr(name=n), 'TQ 38876 77320')
            self.test('toOsgrTM', p.toOsgr(kTM=True), 'TQ 38876 77320')
#           self.test('toUps',    p.toUps(), '00 N 2000000 1333272')
#           self.test('toUps',    p.toUps(falsed=False), '00 N 2000000 1333272')
            self.test('toUtmUps', p.toUtmUps(), '30 N 708207 5707224')
            self.test('toUtm',    p.toUtm(), '30 N 708207 5707224')
            self.test('toUtm',    p.toUtm(center=True), '30 N 708207 5707224')
            self.test('toWm',     p.toWm(), '-178.111 6672799.209')
            self.test('toWm',     p.toWm(name=n), '-178.111 6672799.209')

            self.test('elevation2',   p.elevation2(  timeout=0.1)[0], None)
            self.test('geoidHeight2', p.geoidHeight2(timeout=0.1)[0], None)

            p._update(True)  # zap cached attrs
            self.test('toUtmUps', p.toUtmUps(), '30 N 708207 5707224')
            p = p.copy()
            self.test('toUtm', p.toUtm(), '30 N 708207 5707224')
            self.test('toUtm', p.toUtm(center=True), '30 N 708207 5707224')

            p = LatLon(84, 0)
            self.test('toUtmUps', p.toUtmUps(), '00 N 2000000 1333272')
            p = p.copy()
            self.test('toUps', p.toUps(), '00 N 2000000 1333272')
            self.test('toUps', p.toUps(falsed=False), '00 N 0 -666728')

            p.lat = 86
            self.test('toUps', p.toUps(), '00 N 2000000 1555732')
            p.lat = 83
            self.test('toUtm', p.toUtm(), '31 N 459200 9217519')

            n = getattr(module, 'nearestOn', None)
            if callable(n):  # function
                p = n(LatLon(40, 20), LatLon(20, 20), LatLon(40, 40))
                self.test('nearestOn', p.toStr(form=F_D, prec=2), '32.81°N, 031.42°E')

        if Cartesian and Nvector:
            c = Cartesian(3980581, 97, 4966825)
            n = c.toNvector()  # {x: 0.6228, y: 0.0000, z: 0.7824, h: 0.0000}  # XXX height
            self.test('toNVector', n.toStr(4), '(0.6228, 0.0, 0.7824, +0.24)')
            self.test('toNvector', isinstance(n, Nvector), True)
            c = n.toCartesian()
            self.test('toCartesian', c.toStr(0), '[3980581, 97, 4966825]')
            self.test('toCartesian', isinstance(c, Cartesian), True)
            v = n.toVector3d()
            self.test('toVector3D', v.toStr(4), '(0.6228, 0.0, 0.7824)')

            n = Nvector(0.5, 0.5, 0.7071)
            self.test('Nvector', n, '(0.5, 0.5, 0.7071)')
            v = n.toVector3d()
            self.test('toVector3D', v.toStr(4), '(0.5, 0.5, 0.7071)')
            t = n.philamheight  # .to3abh() DEPRECATED
            self.test('philamheight', fstr(t, 4), '0.7854, 0.7854, 0.0')
            t = n.latlonheight  # .to3llh()  DEPRECATED
            self.test('latlonheight', fstr(t, 3), '45.0, 45.0, 0.0')
            t = n.xyzh  # .to4xyzh() DEPRECATED
            self.test('xyzh', fstr(t, 1), '0.5, 0.5, 0.7, 0.0')
            n.H = ''  # for test coverage

            c = n.toCartesian()  # [3194434, 3194434, 4487327]
            self.test('toCartesian', c, '[3194434.411, 3194434.411, 4487326.82]')
            self.test('toCartesian', isinstance(c, Cartesian), True)

            p = c.toLatLon()  # 45.0°N, 45.0°E
            self.test('toLatLon', p.toStr('d', prec=2, m=None), '45.0°N, 045.0°E')  # 45.0°N, 45.0°E
            self.test('toLatLon', isinstance(p, LatLon), True)

            n = Nvector(0.51, 0.512, 0.7071, 1).toStr(3)
            self.test('Nvector', n, '(0.51, 0.512, 0.707, +1.00)')

        # <https://GitHub.com/DieuwerH/AE3537/blob/master/PyGeodesyTesting.py>
        s = Cartesian(3145.5036885, 5387.14337206, 3208.93193301).toLatLon()  # WGS84 XXX m, Km, other?
        self.test('sat', s, '82.545852°N, 059.719736°E, -6353121.71m' if Nvector or V else
                            '82.219069°N, 059.719736°E, -6353120.97m')  # XXX neg height?
        d = LatLon(51.99888889, 4.37333333, height=134.64, name='DopTrackStation')
        self.test('dop', d, '51.998889°N, 004.373333°E, +134.64m')
        d = d.distanceTo(s)
        x ='3806542.943647' if Nvector else ('3817991.074015' if V else '3802238.504989')
        self.test('distance', d, x, known=abs(float(x) - d) < 5e-6)

        if hasattr(LatLon, 'nearestOn8'):
            b = LatLon(45, 1), LatLon(45, 20), LatLon(46, 20), LatLon(46, 1)
            t = LatLon(1, 1).nearestOn8(b, height=0)   # degrees2m(44) == 4892583.508323744, degrees2m(44, lat=23) == 4503646.865333374
            self.test('neareston8', t.toStr(prec=5), '(LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 001°00′00.0″E), 4871366.31512, 0.0, 1, LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 001°00′00.0″E), LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 020°00′00.0″E), 0.0, 0.0)' if X
                                                else '(LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 001°00′00.0″E), 4874369.98942, 0.0, 1, LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 001°00′00.0″E), LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 001°00′00.0″E), 0.0, 0.0)')
            self.test('iteration', t.iteration, 1 if X else 0)
            t = LatLon(45.5, 20.5).nearestOn8(b, height=0)
            self.test('neareston8', t, '(LatLon(45°30′03.93″N, 020°00′00.0″E), 39078.779519, 1.501069, 2, LatLon(45°00′00.0″N, 020°00′00.0″E), LatLon(46°00′00.0″N, 020°00′00.0″E), 270.356041, 269.999412)')
            self.test('iteration', t.iteration, t.iteration)

    def testKarney(self, module, datum, X=False, GS=False):

        d = datum
        self.subtitle(module, 'Karney', datum=d.name)
        LatLon = module.LatLon

        Newport_RI = LatLon(41.49008, -71.312796, datum=d)

        Cleveland_OH = LatLon(41.499498, -81.695391, datum=d)
        m = Newport_RI.distanceTo(Cleveland_OH)
        self.test('distanceTo', m, '866455.4329', fmt='%.4f')

        m = Newport_RI.distanceTo(Newport_RI)
        self.test('coincident', m, 0.0)

        if hasattr(LatLon, 'toCartesian'):
            c = Cleveland_OH.toDatum(Datums.OSGB36)
            self.test('toDatum', c.datum.name, 'OSGB36')
            try:
                m = Newport_RI.distanceTo(c)
                self.test('ValueError1', m, ValueError.__name__)
            except ValueError as x:
                self.test('ValueError2', x, "Ellipsoid 'Airy1830': incompatible with Ellipsoid %r" % (d.ellipsoid.name,))
            except Exception as x:
                self.test('ValueError3', x, ValueError.__name__)

        p = LatLon(-37.95103342, 144.42486789, datum=d)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', p.isEllipsoidal, True)

        q = p.copy()
        self.test('copy', q.isequalTo(p), True)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', q.isEllipsoidal, True)
        self.test('isSpherical', q.isSpherical, False)

        self.test('copy', q.toStr(F_DMS, prec=4), '37°57′03.7203″S, 144°25′29.5244″E')

        self.testKarneyVincenty(module, LatLon, d, X=X, GS=GS)
        self.testKarneyVincentyError(module, LatLon, d, K=True, X=X, GS=GS)

    def testKarney_s(self, module, X=False):

        self.subtitle(module, 'Karney_s')

        ll1 = module.LatLon(-41.32, 174.81)
        # <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/html/python>
        d = ll1.geodesic.Inverse(-41.32, 174.81, 40.96, -5.50)
        self.test('.lat1', d.lat1, -41.320, fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('.lon1', d.lon1, 174.810, fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('.azi1', d.azi1, 161.067669986160, fmt='%.12f', known=abs(d.azi1 - 161.067669986160) < 1e-11)
        self.test('.lat2', d.lat2,  40.960, fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('.lon2', d.lon2,  -5.500, fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('.azi2', d.azi2,  18.825195123247, fmt='%.12f', known=abs(d.azi2 -  18.825195123248) < 1e-12)
        self.test('.s12',  d.s12, 19959679.267353821546, fmt='%.12f', known=True)

        d3 = ll1.distanceTo3(module.LatLon(40.96, -5.50))
        t = fstr(d3, prec=-6)
        self.test('distanceTo3', t, '19959679.267354, 161.067670, 18.825195', known=True)
        ll2, d2 = ll1.destination2(19959679.26735382, 161.067669986160)
        self.test('destination2', fstr((ll2.lat, ll2.lon, d2), prec=12), '40.96, -5.5, 18.825195123247')

        # <https://GeographicLib.SourceForge.io/scripts/geod-calc.html>
        LL = module.LatLon
        p = LL(-63.1,  -58), LL(-72.9,  -74), LL(-71.9, -102), \
            LL(-74.9, -102), LL(-74.3, -131), LL(-77.5, -163), \
            LL(-77.4,  163), LL(-71.7,  172), LL(-65.9,  140), \
            LL(-65.7,  113), LL(-66.6,   88), LL(-66.9,   59), \
            LL(-69.8,   25), LL(-70.0,   -4), LL(-71.0,  -14), \
            LL(-77.3,  -33), LL(-77.9,  -46), LL(-74.7,  -61)  # on/around south pole!
        self.test('areaOf', module.areaOf(p), '1.366270368e+13', fmt='%.9e')  # 1.366270368002013e+13'
        self.test('perimeterOf', module.perimeterOf(p, closed=True), '1.683089136e+07' if X else '1.683106789e+07', fmt='%.9e')  # 1.683106789279071e+07
        self.test('isclockwise', module.isclockwise(p), False)  # polar
        self.test('isclockwise', module.isclockwise(reversed(p)), True)  # polar

        # <https://StackOverflow.com/questions/4681737/how-to-calculate-the-area-of-a-polygon-on-the-earths-surface-using-python>
        # <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/Planimeter?
        #        type=polygon&rhumb=geodesic&input=41+-102.05%0D%0A37+-102.05%0D%0A37+-109.05%0D%0A41+-109.05&option=Submit>
        co = LL(41, -102.05), LL(37, -102.05), LL(37, -109.05), LL(41, -109.05)  # State of Colorado
        self.test('areaCO', module.areaOf(co), '2.69154549884e+11', fmt='%.11e', known=True)
        self.test('isclockwise', module.isclockwise(co), True)
        self.test('perimeterCO', module.perimeterOf(co, closed=True), '2098430.887891' if X else '2099854.381923', prec=6, known=True)

    def testVincenty(self, module, datum, X=False, GS=False):

        d = datum
        self.subtitle(module, 'Vincenty', datum=d.name)
        LatLon = module.LatLon

        Newport_RI = LatLon(41.49008, -71.312796, datum=d)
        Cleveland_OH = LatLon(41.499498, -81.695391, datum=d)
        m = Newport_RI.distanceTo(Cleveland_OH)
        self.test('distanceTo', m, '866455.43292', fmt='%.5f')

        if hasattr(LatLon, 'toCartesian'):
            c = Cleveland_OH.toDatum(Datums.OSGB36)
            self.test('toDatum', c.datum.name, 'OSGB36')
            try:
                m = Newport_RI.distanceTo(c)
                self.test('ValueError1', None, ValueError.__name__)
            except ValueError as x:
                self.test('ValueError2', x, "Ellipsoid 'Airy1830': incompatible with Ellipsoid %r" % (d.ellipsoid.name,))
            except Exception as x:
                self.test('ValueError3', x, ValueError.__name__)

        p = LatLon(-37.95103342, 144.42486789, datum=d)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', p.isEllipsoidal, True)
        self.test('isSpherical', p.isSpherical, False)

        self.test('epsilon', p.epsilon, 1e-12)
        self.test('iterations', p.iterations, 100)

        q = p.copy()
        self.test('copy', q.isequalTo(p), True)
        self.test('isEllipsoidal', q.isEllipsoidal, True)
        self.test('isSpherical', q.isSpherical, False)

        self.test('copy', q.toStr(F_DMS, prec=4), '37°57′03.7203″S, 144°25′29.5244″E')

        q.epsilon, q.iterations = EPS, 200
        self.test('epsilon', q.epsilon, EPS, fmt='%.12e')
        self.test('iterations', q.iterations, 200)
        self.test('iteration', q.iteration, None)

        self.testKarneyVincenty(module, LatLon, d, X=X, GS=GS)
        self.testKarneyVincentyError(module, LatLon, d, K=False, X=X, GS=GS)

    def testKarneyVincenty(self, module, LatLon, d, X=False, **unused):  # GS=False

        self.subtitle(module, 'KarneyVincenty', datum=d.name)

        p = LatLon(-37.95103342, 144.42486789, datum=d)
        t = p.distanceTo(p)
        self.test('coincident', t, '0.0')
        t = p.distanceTo3(p)
        self.test('coincident', fstr(t), '0.0, 0.0, 0.0')

        q = p.destination(54972.271, 306.86816)
        t = q.toStr(F_D, prec=4)
        self.test('destination', t, '37.6528°S, 143.9265°E')
        self.test('destination', isinstance(q, LatLon), True)

        q, f = p.destination2(54972.271, 306.86816)
        t = q.toStr(F_D) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, prec=4)
        self.test('destination2', t, '37.652821°S, 143.926496°E, 307.1736°NW')
        self.test('destination2', isinstance(q, LatLon), True)

        f = p.finalBearingOn(54972.271, 306.86816)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingOn', t, '307.1736°, 307°10′25.07″NW')

        # <https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy/blob/master/test/latlon-ellipsoidal-vincenty-tests.js>
        # ... Test case (UK), using WGS-84
        p = LatLon(50.06632, -5.71475, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(58.64402, -3.07009, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceTo', m, '969954.166', fmt='%.3f')

        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=6)
        self.test('distanceTo3', t, '969954.166314, 9.141877, 11.29722')

        t = p.distanceTo2(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=5)
        self.test('distanceTo2', t, '972708.16174, 11.22502')

        b = p.initialBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(b, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(b, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('initialBearingTo', t, '9.1419°, 9°08′30.76″N')

        t = p.destination(m, b)
        self.test('destination', t.toStr(form=F_D, prec=5), '58.64402°N, 003.07009°W')

        f = p.finalBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingTo', t, '11.2972°, 11°17′49.99″NNE')

        f = p.finalBearingOn(m, b)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingOn', t, '11.2972°, 11°17′49.99″NNE')

        p = LatLon(52.205, 0.119)
        q = LatLon(48.857, 2.351)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceTo', m, '404607.806', fmt='%.3f')

        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=6)
        self.test('distanceTo3', t, '404607.805988, 156.11064, 157.8345')

        t = p.distanceTo2(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=6)
        self.test('distanceTo2', t, '402574.597287, 157.726344')

        b = p.initialBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(b, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(b, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('initialBearingTo', t, '156.1106°, 156°06′38.31″SSE')

        t = p.destination(m, b)
        self.test('destination', t.toStr(form=F_D, prec=5), '48.857°N, 002.351°E')

        f = p.finalBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingTo', t, '157.8345°, 157°50′04.2″SSE')  # 157.9

        f = p.finalBearingOn(m, b)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingOn', t, '157.8345°, 157°50′04.2″SSE')

        p = LatLon(37.95103, 144.42487, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(37.65280, 143.9265, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceTo', m, '54973.295', fmt='%.3f')

        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=5)
        self.test('distanceTo3', t, '54973.29527, 233.13008, 232.82461')

        t = p.distanceTo2(q)
        t = fstr(t, prec=5)
        self.test('distanceTo2', t, '54903.41209, 232.9209')

        b = p.initialBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(b, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(b, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('initialBearingTo', t, '233.1301°, 233°07′48.28″SW')

        t = p.destination(m, b)
        self.test('destination', t.toStr(form=F_D, prec=5), '37.6528°N, 143.9265°E')

        f = p.finalBearingTo(q)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingTo', t, '232.8246°, 232°49′28.59″SW')

        f = p.finalBearingOn(m, b)
        t = bearingDMS(f, prec=4) + ', ' + compassDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=2)
        self.test('finalBearingOn', t, '232.8246°, 232°49′28.59″SW')

        # <https://GitHub.com/maurycyp/vincenty> Maurycy Pietrzak
        Boston = LatLon(42.3541165, -71.0693514, datum=d)
        NewYork = LatLon(40.7791472, -73.9680804, datum=d)
        m = Boston.distanceTo(NewYork)
        self.test('distanceToMP', m, '298396.057', fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('distanceToSM', m2SM(m), 185.415, fmt='%.3f')

        p = LatLon(0, 0, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(0, 1, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceToMP', m, '111319.491', fmt='%.3f')

        q = LatLon(1, 0, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceToMP', m, '110574.361' if X else '110574.389', fmt='%.3f')

        # <https://PyPI.org/project/pygc> Kyle Wilcox
        p = LatLon(0, 50, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(0, 52, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceToKW', m, '222638.982', fmt='%.3f')

        q = LatLon(0, 49, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test('distanceToKW', m, '111319.491', fmt='%.3f')

        # <https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/latlong-vincenty.html>
        # ... Test case (from Geoscience Australia), using WGS-84
        FindersPeak = LatLon('37°57′03.72030″S', '144°25′29.52440″E')
        Buninyong = LatLon('37°39′10.15610″S', '143°55′35.38390″E')
        m, b, f = FindersPeak.distanceTo3(Buninyong)
        self.test('distanceTo3', m, '54972.271', fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('distanceTo3', bearingDMS(b, F_DMS), '306°52′05.37″')
        self.test('distanceTo3', bearingDMS(f, F_DMS), '307°10′25.07″')
        m, b = FindersPeak.distanceTo2(Buninyong)
        self.test('distanceTo2', m, '54902.390', fmt='%.3f')
        self.test('distanceTo2', bearingDMS(b, F_DMS), '307°04′38.41″')

    def testKarneyVincentyError(self, module, LatLon, d, K=False, X=False, **unused):  # MCCABE 21, GS=False

        self.subtitle(module, 'KarneyVincentyError', datum=d.name)

        def _i(name, ll):
            return '%s (%s)' % (name, ll.iteration)

        # <https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy/blob/master/test/latlon-ellipsoidal-vincenty-tests.js>
        # ... Test case (antipodal), using WGS-84
        p = LatLon(0, 0, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(0.5, 179.5, datum=d)
        try:
            m, t, fmt = p.distanceTo(q), '19936288.579', '%.3f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            m, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/antipodal', p), m, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)

        q = LatLon(0.5, 179.7, datum=d)
        try:
            m, t, fmt = p.distanceTo(q), '19944127.421', '%.3f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            m, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/VincentyError', p), m, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)
        try:
            b, t, fmt = p.initialBearingTo(q), '15.556883', '%.6f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            b, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('initialBearingTo/VincentyError', p), b, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)
        try:
            f, t, fmt = p.finalBearingTo(q), '164.442514', '%.6f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            f, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('finalBearingTo/VincentyError', p), f, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)

        q = LatLon(0, 180, datum=d)
        try:
            m, t, fmt = p.distanceTo(q), '20003931.46', '%.2f'  # '20001517.12',
        except VincentyError as x:
            m, t, fmt = str(x), 'ambiguous, ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/equatorial', p), m, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)
        try:
            b, t, fmt = p.initialBearingTo(q), '0.0', '%.1f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            b, t, fmt = str(x), 'ambiguous, ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('initialBearingTo/equatorial', p), b, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)

        q = LatLon(0, 1, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/coincident', p), m, '111319.491', fmt='%.3f')  # 40075016.686 / 360

        q = LatLon(-90, 0, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/meridional', p), m, '9999551.606' if X else '10001965.729', fmt='%.3f')
        b = p.initialBearingTo(q)
        self.test(_i('initialBearingTo/meridional', p), b, 180.0, fmt='%.1f')

        # <https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy/blob/master/test/latlon-ellipsoidal-vincenty-tests.js>
        # ... Test case (coincident), using WGS-84
        p = LatLon(50.06632, -5.71475, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(p)
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/coincident', p), m, '0.0', fmt='%.1f')
        try:
            b, t, fmt = p.initialBearingTo(p), '180.0' if K else '0.0', '%.1f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            b, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('initialBearingTo/coincident', p), b, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)  # NaN
        try:
            f, t, fmt = p.finalBearingTo(p), '180.0' if K else '0.0', '%.1f'
        except VincentyError as x:
            f, t, fmt = str(x), 'no convergence: ...', '%s'
        self.test(_i('finalBearingTo/coincident', p), f, t, fmt=fmt, known=True)  # NaN
        try:
            q, t = p.destination(0, 0), '50.06632°N, 005.71475°W'
        except VincentyError as x:
            q, t = str(x), 'no convergence: ...'
        self.test(_i('destination/coincident', p), q, t, known=True)

        # <https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy/blob/master/test/latlon-ellipsoidal-vincenty-tests.js>
        # ... Test case (crossing anti-meridian), using WGS-84
        p = LatLon(30,  120, datum=d)
        q = LatLon(30, -120, datum=d)
        m = p.distanceTo(q)
        self.test(_i('distanceTo/anti-meridian', p), m, '10825924.1', fmt='%.1f')

        # <https://GitHub.com/ChrisVeness/geodesy/blob/master/test/latlon-ellipsoidal-vincenty-tests.js>
        # ... Test case (quadrants), using WGS-84
        for t in (( 30, 30,  60, 60),
                  ( 60, 60,  30, 30),
                  ( 30, 60,  60, 30),
                  ( 60, 30,  30, 60),
                  ( 30,-30,  60,-60),
                  ( 60,-60,  30,-30),
                  ( 30,-60,  60,-30),
                  ( 60,-30,  30,-60),
                  (-30,-30, -60,-60),
                  (-60,-60, -30,-30),
                  (-30,-60, -60,-30),
                  (-60,-30, -30,-60),
                  (-30, 30, -60, 60),
                  (-60, 60, -30, 30),
                  (-30, 60, -60, 30),
                  (-60, 30, -30, 60)):
            p = LatLon(t[0], t[1], datum=d)
            q = LatLon(t[2], t[3], datum=d)
            m = p.distanceTo(q)
            self.test(_i('distanceTo/quadrants', p), m, '4015703.02', fmt='%.2f')

    def testNOAA(self, module):
        # <https://www.NGS.NOAA.gov/PC_PROD/Inv_Fwd/readme.htm>

        self.subtitle(module, 'NOAA')

        LatLon= module.LatLon

        def _dfr(d, f, r):
            r = wrap360(r + 180)  # final bearing to back azimuth
            t = d, normDMS(bearingDMS(f, form=F_DMS, prec=4), norm=' '), \
                   normDMS(bearingDMS(r, form=F_DMS, prec=4), norm=' ')
            return '%.4f, %s, %s' % t

        p = LatLon('34 00 12.12345 N', '111 00 12.12345 W', datum=Datums.WGS84)  # Jones
        q = LatLon('33 22 11.54321 N', '112 55 44.33333 W', datum=Datums.WGS84)  # Smith
        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        self.test('NOAAexample1', _dfr(*t), '191872.1190, 249 03 16.4237, 67 59 11.1619')

        p = LatLon('45 00 12.0 N', '68 00 0.0 W', datum=Datums.NAD27)  # Charlie
        q = LatLon('44 33 0.0 N', '70 12 34.7890 W', datum=Datums.NAD27)  # Sam
        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        self.test('NOAAexample2', _dfr(*t), '182009.1679, 254 42 44.6439, 73 09 21.3315')

        p = LatLon('34 00 00.0 N', '111 00 00.0 W', height=76)  # Bill
        q = LatLon('33 31 25.93490 N', '112 12 16.40986 W', height=54)  # George
        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        self.test('NOAAexample3', _dfr(*t), '123456.7891, 245 00 34.7001, 64 20 24.6864')  # ... 30.70, ... 24.6862

        p = LatLon('36 34 42.89133 N', '118 17 31.18182 W', height=4395.8320)  # Mt Whitney, CA
        q = LatLon('36 01 37.0 N', '116 49 32.0 W', height=-101.8680)  # Bad Water (Death valley), CA
        t = p.distanceTo3(q)
        self.test('NOAAexample4', _dfr(*t), '145239.0603, 114 29 26.9586, 295 21 32.6566')  # Ell Dist, FAZ, BAZ

    def testIntersection3(self, m, GS=False, K=False, X=False, V=False):

        def _b(s, e):
            return s.initialBearingTo(e)

        self.subtitle(m, 'Intersection3')

        # same as testVectorial for now
        k = GS or K or V or not X

        # <https://www.MathOpenRef.com/coordintersection.html>
        s1, e1 = m.LatLon(15, 10), m.LatLon(49, 25)
        s2, e2 = m.LatLon(29, 5),  m.LatLon(32, 32)
        self.test('(30, 17)', s1.intersection3(e1, s2, e2),         '(LatLon(30°52′03.1″N, 015°30′38.41″E), 0, 0)')
        self.test('(30, 17)', s1.intersection3(_b(s1, e1), s2, e2), '(LatLon(30°52′03.1″N, 015°30′38.41″E), -1, 0)')
        s2 = m.LatLon(7, 10)
        self.test('(-1,  3)', s1.intersection3(e1, s2, e2),         '(LatLon(01°34′52.49″N, 006°00′51.83″E), -1, -2)')
        self.test('(-1,  3)', s1.intersection3(e1, s2, _b(s2, e2)), '(LatLon(01°34′52.49″N, 006°00′51.83″E), -1, 2)')
        s2 = m.LatLon(62, 32)
        self.test('(65, 32)', s1.intersection3(e1, s2, e2),                 '(LatLon(56°58′26.51″N, 032°00′00.0″E), 1, 0)')
        self.test('(65, 32)', s1.intersection3(_b(s1, e1), s2, _b(s2, e2)), '(LatLon(56°58′26.51″N, 032°00′00.0″E), 1, 2)')
        try:
            s2 = m.LatLon(32 - (49 - 15), 32 - (25 - 10))
            self.test('(-2, 17)', m.intersection3(s1, e1, s2, e2), IntersectionError.__name__)
        except Exception as x:
            self.test('(-2, 17)', x.__class__, IntersectionError)
        t = m.intersection3(s1, e1, e1, e2)
        self.test('(49, 25)', t, '(LatLon(49°00′00.0″N, 025°00′00.0″E), 0, 0)', known=t.outside2 in (0, -2))

        # courtesy of U{sbonaime<https://GitHub.com/mrJean1/PyGeodesy/issues/58>}
        s1, s2 = m.LatLon(8, 0), m.LatLon(0, 8.4)
        self.test('#58', s1.intersection3(150.06, s2, 55.61), '(LatLon(01°54′25.65″S, 005°37′48.76″E), 1, -2)', known=k)  # 01°54′25.28″N, 174°22′10.76″W, -1, 2
        try:
            s1, s2 = m.LatLon(80, 0), m.LatLon(0, 84)
            self.test('#58', s1.intersection3(150.06, s2, 55.61), IntersectionError, knonw=True)
        except Exception as x:
            self.test('#58', x.__class__, IntersectionError)  # ...: no convergence (7660.82): tolerance (0.001) too low, near-polar?

    def testIntersections2(self, m, Eq, GS=False, K=False, X=False, V=False, d_m=1e-6):

        self.subtitle(m, 'Intersections2')
        n = Eq.__name__

        def _100p2(t, r, *s):
            e = max(abs(a.distanceTo(b) - r) for a in s
                                             for b in t) / r
            return e, '%g (%% of radius)' % (e,)  # percentages

        def _x(x):
            return '36.9879°N, 088.1564°W, 38.2441°N, 092.3835°W' if x else (
                   '36.9892°N, 088.152°W, 38.2377°N, 092.39°W')
                 # '36.9893°N, 088.151°W, 38.2384°N, 092.3905°W'  # PYCHOK cf. sph.Trig

        # <https://GIS.StackExchange.com/questions/48937/calculating-intersection-of-two-circles>
        p = m.LatLon(37.673442, -90.234036)  # (-0.00323306, -0.7915,   0.61116)
        q = m.LatLon(36.109997, -90.953669)  # (-0.0134464,  -0.807775, 0.589337)

        t = p.intersections2(0.0312705 * R_M, q, 0.0421788 * R_M)  # radians to meter
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), _x(GS or K or X), known=V)   # V and isPython2

        t = m.intersections2(p, 0.0312705 * R_M, q, 0.0421788 * R_M,  # radians to meter
                             equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), _x(GS or K or X))
#       self.test(n,           latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4, sep=', '), _x(GS or K or X))  # XXX force DeprecationWarning

        r = PI_4 * R_M
        t = m.intersections2(m.LatLon(30, 0), r, m.LatLon(-30, 0), r, equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
        e, s = _100p2(t, r, q, p)
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), '00.0°N, 035.3478°W, 00.0°S, 035.3478°E' if K or X
                                                           else '00.0°S, 035.4073°W, 00.0°S, 035.4073°E', known=True)  # 0.0
                                                              # '00.0°N, 035.2644°W, 00.0°N, 035.2644°E'  # PYCHOK cf. sph.Trig
        self.test(n, s, s)

        t = m.intersections2(m.LatLon(0, 40), r, m.LatLon(0, -40), r, equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
        e, s = _100p2(t, r, q, p)
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), '22.657°N, 000.0°E, 22.657°S, 000.0°E' if K or X
                                                           else '22.756°N, 000.0°W, 22.756°S, 000.0°W', known=True)  # 0.0
                                                              # '22.622°N, 000.0°E, 22.622°S, 000.0°E'  # PYCHOK cf. sph.Trig
        self.test(n, s, s)

        r = R_M * PI / 3
        t = m.intersections2(m.LatLon(30, 30), r, m.LatLon(-30, -30), r, equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
        e, s = _100p2(t, r, q, p)
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), '29.4898°N, 040.1785°W, 29.4898°S, 040.1785°E' if GS or K or X
                                                           else '29.2359°N, 040.2625°W, 29.2359°S, 040.2625°E', knonw=e < 1.5)
                                                              # '14.6128°N, 026.1109°W, 14.6128°S, 026.1109°E'  # PYCHOK cf. sph.Trig
        self.test(n, s, s)

        r = R_M * PI / 4
        t = m.intersections2(m.LatLon(0, 0), r, m.LatLon(0, 22.567), r / 2, equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
        e, s = _100p2(t, r, q, p)
        self.test(n, ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4)), '02.7402°S, 044.885°E, 02.7402°N, 044.885°E' if GS or K or X
                                                           else '01.1557°S, 045.0894°E, 01.1557°N, 045.0894°E', knonw=e < 2.0)
                                                              # '00.0001°S, 045.0°E,    0.00001°N, 045.0°E'  # PYCHOK cf. sph.Trig
        self.test(n, s, s)

        # centers at 2 opposite corners of a "square" and
        # radius equal to length of square side, expecting
        # the other 2 as the intersections ... but the
        # longitudes are farther and farther out
        for d in range(5, 66, 5):
            p = m.LatLon(d, -d)
            q = m.LatLon(-d, d)
            r = radians(2 * d) * R_M
            d = '%s %d' % (n, d)
            try:  # see .testSpherical
                t = m.intersections2(p, r, q, r, equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
                if t[0] is t[1]:
                    s = ', '.join(latlonDMS(t[:1], form=F_D, prec=4)) + ' abutting'
                else:
                    s = ', '.join(latlonDMS(t, form=F_D, prec=4))
                self.test(d, s, s)
                _, s = _100p2(t, r, q, p)
                self.test(d, s, s)
            except IntersectionError as x:  # XXX no convergence after 55 degrees
                self.test(n, str(x), '2-tuple', known=True)

        # courtesy of U{Samuel Čavoj<https://GitHub.com/mrJean1/PyGeodesy/issues/41>}
        R = RandomLatLon(m.LatLon, 90, 90)  # +/- 45
        r = R()
        s = latlonDMS(r, form=F_D) + ' Random +/- 45'
        self.test(n, s, s)
        for _ in range(12):
            p, q = R(), R()
            try:  # see .testSpherical
                i1, i2 = m.intersections2(p, p.distanceTo(r),
                                          q, q.distanceTo(r), equidistant=Eq, LatLon=m.LatLon)
                d, d2 = r.distanceTo(i1), r.distanceTo(i2)
                if d2 < d:
                    d, i1, i2 = d2, i2, i1
                s = ', '.join(latlonDMS_(i1, i2, form=F_D))
                s = '%s  d %g meter (iteration %d)' % (s, d, i1.iteration)
                self.test(n, s, s)
                if d > d_m:  # Equidistant >> EquidistantKarney, see .testAzimuthal
                    raise IntersectionError(d=d, fmt_name_value='%s (%g)', txt='over')
            except IntersectionError as x:
                self.test(n, str(x), 'd < %g m' % (d_m), known=True)  # too distant, near concetric, etc.


if __name__ == '__main__':

    from pygeodesy import ellipsoidalExact as X, \
                          ellipsoidalNvector as N, \
                          ellipsoidalVincenty as V, \
                          Equidistant, EquidistantExact, \
                          EquidistantGeodSolve, EquidistantKarney

    t = Tests(__file__, __version__)

    t.testEllipsoidal(N, N.Cartesian, N.Nvector)
    t.testLatLon(N, Nv=True)
    t.testVectorial(N)

    t.testEllipsoidal(V, V.Cartesian, None, V=True)
    t.testLatLon(V)
    t.testNOAA(V)
    t.testIntersection3(V, V=True)
    t.testIntersections2(V, Equidistant, V=True, d_m=99999)  # 100 Km vs ...
    for d in (Datums.WGS84, Datums.NAD83,):  # Datums.Sphere):
        t.testVincenty(V, d)

    if geographiclib:
        from pygeodesy import ellipsoidalKarney as K
        t.testEllipsoidal(K, K.Cartesian, None, K=True)
        t.testLatLon(K, X=False)
        t.testNOAA(K)
        t.testIntersection3(K, K=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
        t.testIntersections2(K, EquidistantKarney, K=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
        for d in (Datums.WGS84, Datums.NAD83,):  # Datums.Sphere):
            t.testKarney(K, d)
        t.testKarney_s(K)

    if GeodSolve:
        from pygeodesy import ellipsoidalGeodSolve as GS
        t.testEllipsoidal(GS, GS.Cartesian, None, G=True)
        t.testLatLon(GS, GS=True)
        t.testNOAA(GS)
        t.testIntersection3(GS, GS=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
        t.testIntersections2(GS, EquidistantGeodSolve, GS=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
        for d in (Datums.WGS84, Datums.NAD83,):  # Datums.Sphere):
            t.testKarney(GS, d, GS=True)
        t.testKarney_s(GS)  # X=True

    t.testEllipsoidal(X, X.Cartesian, None, X=True)
    t.testLatLon(X, X=True)
    t.testNOAA(X)
    t.testIntersection3(X, X=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
    t.testIntersections2(X, EquidistantExact, X=True)  # ... 1 micrometer
    for d in (Datums.WGS84, Datums.NAD83,):  # Datums.Sphere):
        t.testKarney(X, d, X=True)
    t.testKarney_s(X, X=True)

    t.results()
    t.exit()
