# Data Components
The user guide below provides explanations of each component's definitions.

## Available Datasets
A summary of all available datasets can be found in the [Content Guide: Data Components Table](<../../../3_contentguide/contentguide/1_reference/1.2_data_components.md##data-components>). This table includes information on default frequencies and simple examples.

### Market

Market data provides information about the prices, trading volumes, and other relevant data related to various financial instruments. In this user guide, we will explore the different components of market data. Here are the available market data components in PrismStudio:

**Open Price**  (*[prismstudio.market.open](<#prismstudio.market.open>)*)
The daily open price refers to the price at which a particular financial instrument started trading at the beginning of a trading day. It is the first recorded price for that day.

**Close Price**  (*[prismstudio.market.close](<#prismstudio.market.close>)*)
The daily close price represents the last recorded price of a financial instrument at the end of a trading day. It indicates the price level at which trading activity concluded for that day.

**High Price** (*[prismstudio.market.high](<#prismstudio.market.high>)*)
The daily high price indicates the highest price reached by a financial instrument during a trading day.

**Low Price** (*[prismstudio.market.low](<#prismstudio.market.low>)*)
The daily low price represents the lowest price reached by a financial instrument during a trading day. It gives insights into the lower boundary of price movement.

**Closing Bid Price**  (*[prismstudio.market.bid](<#prismstudio.market.bid>)*)
The daily closing bid price is the highest price at which buyers in the market are willing to purchase a financial instrument at the end of a trading day.

**Closing Ask Price** (*[prismstudio.market.ask](<#prismstudio.market.ask>)*)
The daily closing ask price is the lowest price at which sellers in the market are willing to sell a financial instrument at the end of a trading day.

**VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price)** (*[prismstudio.market.vwap](<#prismstudio.market.vwap>)*)
The daily VWAP is the average price at which a financial instrument has traded throughout the day, weighted by the corresponding trading volumes. It provides insights into the average price level and trading activity for the day.

**Total Return Index** (*[prismstudio.market.totalreturnindex](<#prismstudio.market.totalreturnindex>)*)
A total return index measures the performance of a listing by assuming all dividends are reinvested and tracking the price movements of its components. The base data for price performance is the closing price.

**Short Interest** (*[prismstudio.market.short_interest](<#prismstudio.market.short_interest>)*)
Short interest data refers to information about the information relating to equity security that have been sold short but not yet covered or closed out. This data can provide insights into market sentiment and potential price movements. You can retrieve specific dataitems relating to short interest for equity securities by specifying a dataitemid.

**Split** (*[prismstudio.market.split](<#prismstudio.market.split>)*)
A split refers to an adjustment made to the price and number of shares of a particular financial instrument. It occurs when a company decides to divide its existing shares into multiple shares, thereby reducing the share price proportionally. Splits are often implemented to make shares more affordable or increase liquidity.

**Dividend** (*[prismstudio.market.dividend](<#prismstudio.market.dividend>)*)
Dividends are payments made by a company to its shareholders from its earnings or reserves. They are typically distributed as a portion of the company's profits and are often paid on a regular basis. Dividend payments can provide income to shareholders and may impact the stock price.

**Exchange Rate** (*[prismstudio.market.exchange_rate](<#prismstudio.market.exchange_rate>)*)
The exchange rate represents the value of one currency in terms of another currency. In the context of market data, it indicates the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. Exchange rates are essential for trading and investment activities involving different currencies.

**Daily Market Capitalization** (*[prismstudio.market.market_cap](<#prismstudio.market.market_cap>)*)
Daily market capitalization refers to the total value of a company's outstanding shares in the market. It is calculated by multiplying the current share price by the number of outstanding shares. Market capitalization is a crucial metric used to assess the size and relative value of a company.

**Daily Implied Market Capitalization** (*[prismstudio.market.implied_market_cap](<#prismstudio.market.implied_market_cap>)*)
The Daily Implied Market Capitalization represents the theoretical total value of a company's outstanding shares. This calculation includes potential dilution from stock options and other equity-based compensation plans, encompassing 'partner' shares and 'exercisable' stock options, to provide a more comprehensive view of the company's market value.

**Daily Enterprise Value** (*[prismstudio.market.enterprise_value](<#prismstudio.market.enterprise_value>)*)
Daily Enterprise Value (EV) measures a company's total value and is often considered a more comprehensive alternative to market capitalization. EV calculation includes the company's market capitalization, short-term and long-term debt, and any cash or cash equivalents on the company's balance sheet.

**Split Adjustment Factor** (*[prismstudio.market.split_adjustment_factor](<#prismstudio.market.split_adjustment_factor>)*)
The split adjustment factor is a multiplier used to adjust historical prices and data to account for stock splits. It ensures that historical data remains consistent and comparable even after a split occurs. The adjustment factor is applied to adjust the historical prices before the split to reflect the new share prices after the split.

**Dividend Adjustment Factor** (*[prismstudio.market.dividend_adjustment_factor](<#prismstudio.market.dividend_adjustment_factor>)*)
The dividend adjustment factor is a multiplier used to adjust historical prices and data to account for dividends. It ensures that historical data remains consistent and comparable even after a dividend payment.

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### Financial

Financial data provides valuable insights into the financial performance and position of a company. It includes various financial statements and metrics that help investors, analysts, and stakeholders assess the company's health and make informed decisions. In this user guide, we will explore the different components of financial data and their meanings. Here are the available financial data components:

**Balance Sheet** (*[prismstudio.financial.balance_sheet](<#prismstudio.financial.balance_sheet>)*)
The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It consists of three main sections: assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. The balance sheet highlights the company's assets (such as cash, inventory, and property), its liabilities (such as loans and accounts payable), and the shareholders' equity (the difference between assets and liabilities).

**Income Statement** (*[prismstudio.financial.income_statement](<#prismstudio.financial.income_statement>)*)
The income statement, also known as the profit and loss statement or statement of operations, summarizes a company's revenues, expenses, gains, and losses over a specific period. It highlights the company's net sales or revenues, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, taxes, and net income or net loss. The income statement helps assess the profitability and performance of a company.

**Cash Flow Statement** (*[prismstudio.financial.cash_flow](<#prismstudio.financial.cash_flow>)*)
The cash flow statement reports the cash inflows and outflows of a company during a specific period. It provides information about the company's operating activities (cash generated from core business operations), investing activities (cash spent on investments), and financing activities (cash from or used for financing). The cash flow statement helps evaluate the company's liquidity and ability to generate cash.

**Earnings Per Share (EPS)** (*[prismstudio.financial.eps](<#prismstudio.financial.eps>)*)
EPS is a financial ratio that indicates the profitability of a company on a per-share basis. It is calculated by dividing the company's net income by the number of outstanding shares. EPS is an important metric for investors as it provides insights into the company's profitability and helps assess its earnings generation capacity.

**Dividends Per Share (DPS)** (*[prismstudio.financial.dps](<#prismstudio.financial.dps>)*)
DPS represents the amount of dividends paid by a company to its shareholders on a per-share basis. It is calculated by dividing the total dividends paid by the number of outstanding shares. DPS is significant for investors who seek regular income from their investments and want to assess the company's dividend policy and sustainability.

**Segment Reporting** (*[prismstudio.financial.segment](<#prismstudio.financial.segment>)*)
Segment reporting refers to the breakdown of a company's financial results and information by its different operating segments or business units. Companies often have multiple business segments that operate in different industries or geographical regions. Segment data allows stakeholders to evaluate the performance and profitability of each business segment separately.

**Financial Date** (*[prismstudio.financial.date](<#prismstudio.financial.date>)*)
Financial Date Type (prismstudio.financial.date_type)
The Financial Date Type is a category within financial reports that specifies the nature of the financial data based on its timing and context of release. This classification includes Press Release, Original, Restated, Reclassified.

**Industry** (*[prismstudio.financial.industry](<#prismstudio.financial.industry>)*)
Industry financial provides valuable insights and information about specific sectors or industries. Analyzing industry-specific components is essential for investors, analysts, and stakeholders to understand the unique characteristics, trends, and performance of different sectors.

PrismStudio currently support 19 industries:
Airlines, Bank, Capital Market, Financial Services, Healthcare, Homebuilders, Hotel and Gaming, Insurance, Internet Media, Managed Care, Metals and Mining, Oil and Gas, Pharmaceutical and Biotech, Real Estate, Restaurant, Retail, Semiconductors, Telecom/Cable/Wireless, Utility.

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### Estimate

Estimate data provides valuable information regarding market expectations, analyst forecasts, and company guidance. It helps investors and analysts evaluate a company's performance, growth prospects, and potential deviations from expectations. In this user guide, we will explore the different components of estimate data and their meanings. Here are the available estimate data components:

**Actual** (*[prismstudio.estimate.actual](<#prismstudio.estimate.actual>)*)
The actual component refers to the realized or reported value of a specific financial metric, such as revenue, earnings, or other performance indicators. It represents the actual outcome or result achieved by a company during a given period.

**Consensus** (*[prismstudio.estimate.consensus](<#prismstudio.estimate.consensus>)*)
Consensus refers to the average or median of analysts' forecasts or estimates for a particular financial metric. It provides an aggregated view of market expectations derived from various analysts' assessments. Consensus estimates are often used as benchmarks to evaluate a company's performance relative to market expectations.

**Guidance** (*[prismstudio.estimate.guidance](<#prismstudio.estimate.guidance>)*)
Guidance is forward-looking information provided by a company regarding its expected future performance. It can include revenue projections, earnings forecasts, or other financial or operational metrics. Guidance is typically issued by company management to provide insights into their expectations and help market participants assess future prospects.

**Surprise** (*[prismstudio.estimate.surprise](<#prismstudio.estimate.surprise>)*)
Surprise refers to the difference between the actual reported value and the consensus estimate for a particular financial metric. It indicates whether a company's performance exceeded or fell short of market expectations. A positive surprise occurs when the actual value surpasses the consensus estimate, while a negative surprise indicates underperformance relative to expectations.

**Revision** (*[prismstudio.estimate.revision](<#prismstudio.estimate.revision>)*)
Revision refers to changes made to consensus estimates or guidance by analysts or the company itself over time. Analysts may revise their estimates based on new information, market developments, or changes in the company's outlook. Company guidance revisions occur when management adjusts their previously provided expectations. Revisions help track changes in market sentiment and expectations regarding a company's future performance.

**Recommendation** (*[prismstudio.estimate.recommendation](<#prismstudio.estimate.recommendation>)*)
Recommendation refers to financial analysts' investment recommendations for a company's stock, including categories like "Buy," "Hold," "Sell," "Outperform," "Underperform," and a "Score" rating.

**Industry** (*[prismstudio.estimate.industry](<#prismstudio.estimate.industry>)*)
The Industry component provides metrics specific to the industry in which the company operates. These metrics help in comparing the company's performance against industry standards and assessing its competitive position.

**Segment** (*[prismstudio.estimate.segment](<#prismstudio.estimate.segment>)*)
The Segment component breaks down a company's financial performance into distinct business units or operational areas. It provides a detailed view of how different parts of the business contribute to overall results.

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### Event

Event data provides information about specific occurrences, developments, or news related to companies, industries, or markets. It helps investors, analysts, and stakeholders stay updated on relevant events that can impact investment decisions. In this user guide, we will explore the different components of event data and their meanings. Here are the available event data components:

**Earnings Transcript** (*[prismstudio.event.earnings_call](<#prismstudio.event.earnings_call>)*)
An earnings transcript is a record or text-based document that provides a written account of a company's earnings conference call or presentation. During earnings calls, company executives discuss financial results, strategies, and outlooks with analysts and investors. Earnings transcripts capture the dialogue, including questions asked by analysts and responses from company representatives.

**News** (*[prismstudio.event.news](<#prismstudio.estimate.news>)*)
News refers to timely and relevant information about events, developments, or announcements related to companies, industries, or markets. It includes press releases, regulatory filings, business updates, product launches, mergers and acquisitions, regulatory changes, and other significant news items.

### Index
Index data provides information about specific market indices, which are benchmarks used to measure the performance of a group of stocks or other financial assets. Index data helps investors and analysts track the overall market or specific sectors, evaluate investment strategies, and compare investment performance. In this user guide, we will explore the different components of index data and their meanings. Here are the available index data components:

**Level** (*[prismstudio.index.level](<#prismstudio.index.level>)*)
The level of an index refers to the numerical value that represents the current or historical level of the index. It indicates the aggregate value of the index based on the performance of the constituent securities. The level is often expressed as a price or point value, and it can change over time as the prices of the underlying securities fluctuate.

**Shares** (*[prismstudio.index.shares](<#prismstudio.index.shares>)*)
Shares, in the context of index data, refers to the number of shares outstanding for each constituent security in the index. It represents the quantity of each stock included in the index, and it helps determine the weight or influence of each security on the index's overall performance. Shares data can be used to assess the liquidity and trading volume of the constituent securities.

**Weight** (*[prismstudio.index.weight](<#prismstudio.index.weight>)*)
Weight represents the relative importance or contribution of each constituent security to the overall performance of the index. It is typically expressed as a percentage or proportion. Weight is calculated based on various methodologies, including market capitalization, equal weighting, or other customized schemes. The weight of each security determines its impact on the index's movement. Higher-weighted securities have a greater influence on the index's performance.

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### Transaction
Transaction data provides information about major financial activities and decisions of a company, covering crucial aspects such as Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A), share buybacks, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), and more. It includes comprehensive information on mergers and acquisitions, detailing the transaction value and strategic viewpoints of the parties involved. Additionally, it provides specifics on share buyback programs, outlining their extent and financial repercussions. This data is vital for understanding a company's key financial strategies and their implications.

**Merger & Acquisition** (*[prismstudio.transaction.ma](<#prismstudio.transaction.ma>)*)
M&A provides details such as the value of the merger offer and, depending on the user's selection of the 'target' parameter, presents the information from the perspective of either the merger target (if true) or the acquirer (if false). This perspective-specific approach offers insights into the strategic implications, financial impact, and overall rationale of the merger or acquisition from the relevant viewpoint.

**Buyback** (*[prismstudio.transaction.buyback](<#prismstudio.transaction.buyback>)*)
Buyback outlines details of the company's share repurchase programs. It includes information on the volume of shares being bought back, financial terms.

### Precalculated
The Precalculated section typically includes a suite of factor packs, which are sets of precomputed financial metrics and indicators. These packs offer immediate, data-driven insights for investors and analysts, enabling them to quickly assess various aspects of a company's performance or market trends without the need for extensive individual calculations.

**Alpha Factor Library** (*[prismstudio.precalculated.alpha_factor_library](<#prismstudio.precalculated.alpha_factor_library>)*)
A collection of pre-calculated global equity selection signals produced by S&P Global Market Intelligence. These signals, or factors, each represent a simple investment strategy supported by academic or industry research.

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### ESG
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) are critical components that define a company's commitment to sustainable and ethical practices. This framework offers a multi-dimensional approach to assess and understand a company's impact and performance across environmental, social, and governance aspects. The ESG data provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of a company's behavior and strategies in these key areas, helping to make informed decisions and evaluate the company's long-term sustainability and ethical commitment.

**Environmental** (*[prismstudio.esg.environmental](<#prismstudio.esg.environmental>)*)
The environmental dimension data provides comprehensive information concerning the company's environmental impact and sustainability practices. It examines the company's efforts to mitigate environmental risks, conserve resources, reduce emissions, and promote eco-friendly initiatives.

**Social** (*[prismstudio.esg.social](<#prismstudio.esg.social>)*)
The social dimension data provides comprehensive information about how the company manages its internal and external relationships, including interactions with employees and the communities where it operates. The provided criteria scores and weights give you a deeper insight into the company's social impact and performance.

**Governance & Economic** (*[prismstudio.esg.governance](<#prismstudio.esg.governance>)*)
The governance & economic dimension data provides a comprehensive overview of a company's governance structure and economic interactions. It covers leadership practices, executive compensation, audit processes, internal controls, and shareholder rights, along with the company's dealings with external parties like suppliers and customers.

**Summary** (*[prismstudio.esg.overall](<#prismstudio.esg.overall>)*)
The summary takes in ESG scores and their corresponding weights to calculate the overall Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) score for a company. It also provides dimension level scores and weights, offering insights into the company's performance in each ESG dimension.


### Company
The Company profile offers a multifaceted view of a business, encompassing its operational description, product portfolio, competitive landscape, and business relationships. This comprehensive approach helps in understanding a company's market position, strategic direction, and key business dynamics. Company dataset provides clearer picture of a company's overall business model, its products and services, who its competitors are, and the nature of its business relationships, all of which are crucial for informed decision-making and analysis.

**Description** (*[prismstudio.company.description](<#prismstudio.company.description>)*)
Description data provides business description of a company. It offers an option to retrieve either a concise or an extended version of the company's business profile, detailing its operations, market position, and key business activities.

**Product** (*[prismstudio.company.product](<#prismstudio.company.product>)*)
Product data provides information about a company's product portfolio. It includes data on product names, descriptions, and the status of each product, giving insights into the company's product range and specialization.

**Competitor** (*[prismstudio.company.competitor](<#prismstudio.company.competitor>)*)
Competitor data enables the retrieval of data on a company's competitive landscape. It identifies companies that are either regarded as competitors by the subject company or recognize the subject company as a competitor.

**Business Relationship** (*[prismstudio.company.relationship](<#prismstudio.company.relationship>)*)
Business Relationship data provides about specific business relationships involving a company. It provides insights into the company's interactions with suppliers, customers, distributors, and other business partners.

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### Security Master
Security Master Dataset offers comprehensive and current data and historical information about financial securities. This dataset includes unique vendor identifiers like Barra ID, CIQ Tradingitemid, as well as common identifiers such as ticker symbols, ISIN, CUSIP, SEDOL, and FIGI, along with industry classifications like GICS (additional data license required), SIC, and NAICS. It also encompasses essential metadata such as the currency of trade, exchange codes (MIC), and the country designation and more.

**Attribute** (*[prismstudio.securitymaster.attribute](<#prismstudio.securitymaster.attribute>)*)
Return the security master attribute for a given listingids. Default frequency is daily. Available attributes can be retrieved using *[prismstudio.securitymaster.list_attribute](<#prismstudio.securitymaster.list_attribute>)* function.

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### Reference

**Holiday** (*[prismstudio.reference.holiday](<#prismstudio.reference.holiday>)*)
Detailed weekend information specific to the trading location of each listing.

**Weekend** (*[prismstudio.reference.weekend](<#prismstudio.reference.weekend>)*)
Detailed weekend information specific to the trading location of each listing.

**Trading Hour** (*[prismstudio.reference.tradinghour](<#prismstudio.reference.tradinghour>)*)
Detailed information on trading hours specific to the trading location of each listing. The start and end times are given in local time, with the time zone specified.
