Package paramiko :: Class Channel |
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# Class Channel

source code

    object --+
             |
            Channel

A secure tunnel across an SSH Transport. A Channel is meant to behave like a socket, and has an API that should be indistinguishable from the python socket API.

Because SSH2 has a windowing kind of flow control, if you stop reading data from a Channel and its buffer fills up, the server will be unable to send you any more data until you read some of it. (This won't affect other channels on the same transport -- all channels on a single transport are flow-controlled independently.) Similarly, if the server isn't reading data you send, calls to send may block, unless you set a timeout. This is exactly like a normal network socket, so it shouldn't be too surprising.

Instance Methods
__del__(self) | source code
__init__(self, chanid) Create a new channel. | source code
str |
__repr__(self) Return a string representation of this object, for debugging. | source code
close(self) Close the channel. | source code
exec_command(self, command) Execute a command on the server. | source code
bool |
exit_status_ready(self) Return true if the remote process has exited and returned an exit status. | source code
int |
fileno(self) Returns an OS-level file descriptor which can be used for polling, but but not for reading or writing. | source code
int |
get_id(self) Return the ID # for this channel. | source code
str |
get_name(self) Get the name of this channel that was previously set by set_name. | source code
get_pty(self, term=`'``vt100``'`, width=80, height=24) Request a pseudo-terminal from the server. | source code
Transport |
get_transport(self) Return the Transport associated with this channel. | source code
tuple(str, int) |
getpeername(self) Return the address of the remote side of this Channel, if possible. | source code
float |
gettimeout(self) Returns the timeout in seconds (as a float) associated with socket operations, or `None` if no timeout is set. | source code
invoke_shell(self) Request an interactive shell session on this channel. | source code
invoke_subsystem(self, subsystem) Request a subsystem on the server (for example, `sftp`). | source code
ChannelFile |
makefile(self, *params) Return a file-like object associated with this channel. | source code
ChannelFile |
makefile_stderr(self, *params) Return a file-like object associated with this channel's stderr stream. | source code
str |
recv(self, nbytes) Receive data from the channel. | source code
int |
recv_exit_status(self) Return the exit status from the process on the server. | source code
boolean |
recv_ready(self) Returns true if data is buffered and ready to be read from this channel. | source code
str |
recv_stderr(self, nbytes) Receive data from the channel's stderr stream. | source code
boolean |
recv_stderr_ready(self) Returns true if data is buffered and ready to be read from this channel's stderr stream. | source code
request_x11(self, screen_number=0, auth_protocol=None, auth_cookie=None, single_connection=False, handler=None) Request an x11 session on this channel. | source code
resize_pty(self, width=80, height=24) Resize the pseudo-terminal. | source code
int |
send(self, s) Send data to the channel. | source code
send_exit_status(self, status) Send the exit status of an executed command to the client. | source code
boolean |
send_ready(self) Returns true if data can be written to this channel without blocking. | source code
int |
send_stderr(self, s) Send data to the channel on the "stderr" stream. | source code
sendall(self, s) Send data to the channel, without allowing partial results. | source code
sendall_stderr(self, s) Send data to the channel's "stderr" stream, without allowing partial results. | source code
bool |
set_combine_stderr(self, combine) Set whether stderr should be combined into stdout on this channel. | source code
set_name(self, name) Set a name for this channel. | source code
setblocking(self, blocking) Set blocking or non-blocking mode of the channel: if `blocking` is 0, the channel is set to non-blocking mode; otherwise it's set to blocking mode. | source code
settimeout(self, timeout) Set a timeout on blocking read/write operations. | source code
shutdown(self, how) Shut down one or both halves of the connection. | source code
shutdown_read(self) Shutdown the receiving side of this socket, closing the stream in the incoming direction. | source code
shutdown_write(self) Shutdown the sending side of this socket, closing the stream in the outgoing direction. | source code
Inherited from `object`: `__delattr__`, `__format__`, `__getattribute__`, `__hash__`, `__new__`, `__reduce__`, `__reduce_ex__`, `__setattr__`, `__sizeof__`, `__str__`, `__subclasshook__`

Properties
Inherited from `object`: `__class__`

Method Details

### __init__(self, chanid) (Constructor) | source code
Create a new channel. The channel is not associated with any particular session or Transport until the Transport attaches it. Normally you would only call this method from the constructor of a subclass of Channel. Parameters: `chanid` (int) - the ID of this channel, as passed by an existing Transport. Overrides: object.__init__

### __repr__(self) (Representation operator) | source code
Return a string representation of this object, for debugging. Returns: str Overrides: object.__repr__

### close(self) | source code
Close the channel. All future read/write operations on the channel will fail. The remote end will receive no more data (after queued data is flushed). Channels are automatically closed when their Transport is closed or when they are garbage collected.

### exec_command(self, command) | source code
Execute a command on the server. If the server allows it, the channel will then be directly connected to the stdin, stdout, and stderr of the command being executed. When the command finishes executing, the channel will be closed and can't be reused. You must open a new channel if you wish to execute another command. Parameters: `command` (str) - a shell command to execute. Raises: `SSHException` - if the request was rejected or the channel was closed

### exit_status_ready(self) | source code
Return true if the remote process has exited and returned an exit status. You may use this to poll the process status if you don't want to block in recv_exit_status. Note that the server may not return an exit status in some cases (like bad servers). Returns: bool True if recv_exit_status will return immediately Since: 1.7.3

### fileno(self) | source code
Returns an OS-level file descriptor which can be used for polling, but but not for reading or writing. This is primaily to allow python's `select` module to work. The first time `fileno` is called on a channel, a pipe is created to simulate real OS-level file descriptor (FD) behavior. Because of this, two OS-level FDs are created, which will use up FDs faster than normal. (You won't notice this effect unless you have hundreds of channels open at the same time.) Returns: int an OS-level file descriptor Warning: This method causes channel reads to be slightly less efficient.

### get_id(self) | source code
Return the ID # for this channel. The channel ID is unique across a Transport and usually a small number. It's also the number passed to ServerInterface.check_channel_request when determining whether to accept a channel request in server mode. Returns: int the ID of this channel.

### get_name(self) | source code
Get the name of this channel that was previously set by set_name. Returns: str the name of this channel.

### get_pty(self, term=`'``vt100``'`, width=80, height=24) | source code
Request a pseudo-terminal from the server. This is usually used right after creating a client channel, to ask the server to provide some basic terminal semantics for a shell invoked with invoke_shell. It isn't necessary (or desirable) to call this method if you're going to exectue a single command with exec_command. Parameters: `term` (str) - the terminal type to emulate (for example, `'vt100'`) `width` (int) - width (in characters) of the terminal screen `height` (int) - height (in characters) of the terminal screen Raises: `SSHException` - if the request was rejected or the channel was closed

### get_transport(self) | source code
Return the Transport associated with this channel. Returns: Transport the Transport that was used to create this channel.

### getpeername(self) | source code
Return the address of the remote side of this Channel, if possible. This is just a wrapper around `'getpeername'` on the Transport, used to provide enough of a socket-like interface to allow asyncore to work. (asyncore likes to call `'getpeername'`.) Returns: tuple(str, int) the address if the remote host, if known

### gettimeout(self) | source code
Returns the timeout in seconds (as a float) associated with socket operations, or `None` if no timeout is set. This reflects the last call to setblocking or settimeout. Returns: float timeout in seconds, or `None`.

### invoke_shell(self) | source code
Request an interactive shell session on this channel. If the server allows it, the channel will then be directly connected to the stdin, stdout, and stderr of the shell. Normally you would call get_pty before this, in which case the shell will operate through the pty, and the channel will be connected to the stdin and stdout of the pty. When the shell exits, the channel will be closed and can't be reused. You must open a new channel if you wish to open another shell. Raises: `SSHException` - if the request was rejected or the channel was closed

### invoke_subsystem(self, subsystem) | source code
Request a subsystem on the server (for example, `sftp`). If the server allows it, the channel will then be directly connected to the requested subsystem. When the subsystem finishes, the channel will be closed and can't be reused. Parameters: `subsystem` (str) - name of the subsystem being requested. Raises: `SSHException` - if the request was rejected or the channel was closed

### makefile(self, *params) | source code
Return a file-like object associated with this channel. The optional `mode` and `bufsize` arguments are interpreted the same way as by the built-in `file()` function in python. Returns: ChannelFile object which can be used for python file I/O.

### makefile_stderr(self, *params) | source code
Return a file-like object associated with this channel's stderr stream. Only channels using exec_command or invoke_shell without a pty will ever have data on the stderr stream. The optional `mode` and `bufsize` arguments are interpreted the same way as by the built-in `file()` function in python. For a client, it only makes sense to open this file for reading. For a server, it only makes sense to open this file for writing. Returns: ChannelFile object which can be used for python file I/O. Since: 1.1

### recv(self, nbytes) | source code
Receive data from the channel. The return value is a string representing the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received at once is specified by `nbytes`. If a string of length zero is returned, the channel stream has closed. Parameters: `nbytes` (int) - maximum number of bytes to read. Returns: str data. Raises: `socket.timeout` - if no data is ready before the timeout set by settimeout.

### recv_exit_status(self) | source code
Return the exit status from the process on the server. This is mostly useful for retrieving the reults of an exec_command. If the command hasn't finished yet, this method will wait until it does, or until the channel is closed. If no exit status is provided by the server, -1 is returned. Returns: int the exit code of the process on the server. Since: 1.2

### recv_ready(self) | source code
Returns true if data is buffered and ready to be read from this channel. A `False` result does not mean that the channel has closed; it means you may need to wait before more data arrives. Returns: boolean `True` if a recv call on this channel would immediately return at least one byte; `False` otherwise.

### recv_stderr(self, nbytes) | source code
Receive data from the channel's stderr stream. Only channels using exec_command or invoke_shell without a pty will ever have data on the stderr stream. The return value is a string representing the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received at once is specified by `nbytes`. If a string of length zero is returned, the channel stream has closed. Parameters: `nbytes` (int) - maximum number of bytes to read. Returns: str data. Raises: `socket.timeout` - if no data is ready before the timeout set by settimeout. Since: 1.1

### recv_stderr_ready(self) | source code
Returns true if data is buffered and ready to be read from this channel's stderr stream. Only channels using exec_command or invoke_shell without a pty will ever have data on the stderr stream. Returns: boolean `True` if a recv_stderr call on this channel would immediately return at least one byte; `False` otherwise. Since: 1.1

### request_x11(self, screen_number=0, auth_protocol=None, auth_cookie=None, single_connection=False, handler=None) | source code
Request an x11 session on this channel. If the server allows it, further x11 requests can be made from the server to the client, when an x11 application is run in a shell session. From RFC4254:
       It is RECOMMENDED that the 'x11 authentication cookie' that is
       sent be a fake, random cookie, and that the cookie be checked and
       replaced by the real cookie when a connection request is received.
If you omit the auth_cookie, a new secure random 128-bit value will be generated, used, and returned. You will need to use this value to verify incoming x11 requests and replace them with the actual local x11 cookie (which requires some knoweldge of the x11 protocol). If a handler is passed in, the handler is called from another thread whenever a new x11 connection arrives. The default handler queues up incoming x11 connections, which may be retrieved using Transport.accept. The handler's calling signature is:
       handler(channel: Channel, (address: str, port: int))
Parameters: `screen_number` (int) - the x11 screen number (0, 10, etc) `auth_protocol` (str) - the name of the X11 authentication method used; if none is given, `"MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1"` is used `auth_cookie` (str) - hexadecimal string containing the x11 auth cookie; if none is given, a secure random 128-bit value is generated `single_connection` (bool) - if True, only a single x11 connection will be forwarded (by default, any number of x11 connections can arrive over this session) `handler` (function) - an optional handler to use for incoming X11 connections Returns: the auth_cookie used

### resize_pty(self, width=80, height=24) | source code
Resize the pseudo-terminal. This can be used to change the width and height of the terminal emulation created in a previous get_pty call. Parameters: `width` (int) - new width (in characters) of the terminal screen `height` (int) - new height (in characters) of the terminal screen Raises: `SSHException` - if the request was rejected or the channel was closed

### send(self, s) | source code
Send data to the channel. Returns the number of bytes sent, or 0 if the channel stream is closed. Applications are responsible for checking that all data has been sent: if only some of the data was transmitted, the application needs to attempt delivery of the remaining data. Parameters: `s` (str) - data to send Returns: int number of bytes actually sent Raises: `socket.timeout` - if no data could be sent before the timeout set by settimeout.

### send_exit_status(self, status) | source code
Send the exit status of an executed command to the client. (This really only makes sense in server mode.) Many clients expect to get some sort of status code back from an executed command after it completes. Parameters: `status` (int) - the exit code of the process Since: 1.2

### send_ready(self) | source code
Returns true if data can be written to this channel without blocking. This means the channel is either closed (so any write attempt would return immediately) or there is at least one byte of space in the outbound buffer. If there is at least one byte of space in the outbound buffer, a send call will succeed immediately and return the number of bytes actually written. Returns: boolean `True` if a send call on this channel would immediately succeed or fail

### send_stderr(self, s) | source code
Send data to the channel on the "stderr" stream. This is normally only used by servers to send output from shell commands -- clients won't use this. Returns the number of bytes sent, or 0 if the channel stream is closed. Applications are responsible for checking that all data has been sent: if only some of the data was transmitted, the application needs to attempt delivery of the remaining data. Parameters: `s` (str) - data to send. Returns: int number of bytes actually sent. Raises: `socket.timeout` - if no data could be sent before the timeout set by settimeout. Since: 1.1

### sendall(self, s) | source code
Send data to the channel, without allowing partial results. Unlike send, this method continues to send data from the given string until either all data has been sent or an error occurs. Nothing is returned. Parameters: `s` (str) - data to send. Raises: `socket.timeout` - if sending stalled for longer than the timeout set by settimeout. `socket.error` - if an error occured before the entire string was sent. Note: If the channel is closed while only part of the data hase been sent, there is no way to determine how much data (if any) was sent. This is irritating, but identically follows python's API.

### sendall_stderr(self, s) | source code
Send data to the channel's "stderr" stream, without allowing partial results. Unlike send_stderr, this method continues to send data from the given string until all data has been sent or an error occurs. Nothing is returned. Parameters: `s` (str) - data to send to the client as "stderr" output. Raises: `socket.timeout` - if sending stalled for longer than the timeout set by settimeout. `socket.error` - if an error occured before the entire string was sent. Since: 1.1

### set_combine_stderr(self, combine) | source code
Set whether stderr should be combined into stdout on this channel. The default is `False`, but in some cases it may be convenient to have both streams combined. If this is `False`, and exec_command is called (or `invoke_shell` with no pty), output to stderr will not show up through the recv and recv_ready calls. You will have to use recv_stderr and recv_stderr_ready to get stderr output. If this is `True`, data will never show up via recv_stderr or recv_stderr_ready. Parameters: `combine` (bool) - `True` if stderr output should be combined into stdout on this channel. Returns: bool previous setting. Since: 1.1

### set_name(self, name) | source code
Set a name for this channel. Currently it's only used to set the name of the channel in logfile entries. The name can be fetched with the get_name method. Parameters: `name` (str) - new channel name

### setblocking(self, blocking) | source code
Set blocking or non-blocking mode of the channel: if `blocking` is 0, the channel is set to non-blocking mode; otherwise it's set to blocking mode. Initially all channels are in blocking mode. In non-blocking mode, if a recv call doesn't find any data, or if a send call can't immediately dispose of the data, an error exception is raised. In blocking mode, the calls block until they can proceed. An EOF condition is considered "immediate data" for recv, so if the channel is closed in the read direction, it will never block. `chan.setblocking(0)` is equivalent to `chan.settimeout(0)`; `chan.setblocking(1)` is equivalent to `chan.settimeout(None)`. Parameters: `blocking` (int) - 0 to set non-blocking mode; non-0 to set blocking mode.

### settimeout(self, timeout) | source code
Set a timeout on blocking read/write operations. The `timeout` argument can be a nonnegative float expressing seconds, or `None`. If a float is given, subsequent channel read/write operations will raise a timeout exception if the timeout period value has elapsed before the operation has completed. Setting a timeout of `None` disables timeouts on socket operations. `chan.settimeout(0.0)` is equivalent to `chan.setblocking(0)`; `chan.settimeout(None)` is equivalent to `chan.setblocking(1)`. Parameters: `timeout` (float) - seconds to wait for a pending read/write operation before raising `socket.timeout`, or `None` for no timeout.

### shutdown(self, how) | source code
Shut down one or both halves of the connection. If `how` is 0, further receives are disallowed. If `how` is 1, further sends are disallowed. If `how` is 2, further sends and receives are disallowed. This closes the stream in one or both directions. Parameters: `how` (int) - 0 (stop receiving), 1 (stop sending), or 2 (stop receiving and sending).

### shutdown_read(self) | source code
Shutdown the receiving side of this socket, closing the stream in the incoming direction. After this call, future reads on this channel will fail instantly. This is a convenience method, equivalent to `shutdown(0)`, for people who don't make it a habit to memorize unix constants from the 1970s. Since: 1.2

### shutdown_write(self) | source code
Shutdown the sending side of this socket, closing the stream in the outgoing direction. After this call, future writes on this channel will fail instantly. This is a convenience method, equivalent to `shutdown(1)`, for people who don't make it a habit to memorize unix constants from the 1970s. Since: 1.2