.. _installed-packages:

Using installed packages
========================

`PEP 561 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0561/>`__ specifies how to mark
a package as supporting type checking. Below is a summary of how to create
PEP 561 compatible packages and have mypy use them in type checking.

Using PEP 561 compatible packages with mypy
*******************************************

Generally, you do not need to do anything to use installed packages that
support typing for the Python executable used to run mypy. Note that most
packages do not support typing. Packages that do support typing should be
automatically picked up by mypy and used for type checking.

By default, mypy searches for packages installed for the Python executable
running mypy. It is highly unlikely you want this situation if you have
installed typed packages in another Python's package directory.

Generally, you can use the ``--python-version`` flag and mypy will try to find
the correct package directory. If that fails, you can use the
``--python-executable`` flag to point to the exact executable, and mypy will
find packages installed for that Python executable.

Note that mypy does not support some more advanced import features, such as zip
imports, namespace packages, and custom import hooks.

If you do not want to use typed packages, use the ``--no-site-packages`` flag
to disable searching.

Note that stub-only packages (defined in
`PEP 561 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0561/#stub-only-packages>`__)
cannot be used with ``MYPYPATH``. If you want mypy to find the package, it must
be installed. For a package ``foo``, the name of the stub-only package
(``foo-stubs``) is not a legal package name, so mypy will not find it, unless
it is installed.

Making PEP 561 compatible packages
**********************************

PEP 561 notes three main ways to distribute type information. The first is a
package that has only inline type annotations in the code itself. The second is
a package that ships stub files with type information alongside the runtime
code. The third method, also known as a "stub only package" is a package that
ships type information for a package separately as stub files.

If you would like to publish a library package to a package repository (e.g.
PyPI) for either internal or external use in type checking, packages that
supply type information via type comments or annotations in the code should put
a ``py.typed`` in their package directory. For example, with a directory
structure as follows

.. code-block:: text

    setup.py
    package_a/
        __init__.py
        lib.py
        py.typed

the setup.py might look like

.. code-block:: python

    from distutils.core import setup

    setup(
        name="SuperPackageA",
        author="Me",
        version="0.1",
        package_data={"package_a": ["py.typed"]},
        packages=["package_a"]
    )

.. note::

   If you use setuptools, you must pass the option ``zip_safe=False`` to
   ``setup()``, or mypy will not be able to find the installed package.

Some packages have a mix of stub files and runtime files. These packages also
require a ``py.typed`` file. An example can be seen below

.. code-block:: text

    setup.py
    package_b/
        __init__.py
        lib.py
        lib.pyi
        py.typed

the setup.py might look like:

.. code-block:: python

    from distutils.core import setup

    setup(
        name="SuperPackageB",
        author="Me",
        version="0.1",
        package_data={"package_b": ["py.typed", "lib.pyi"]},
        packages=["package_b"]
    )

In this example, both ``lib.py`` and ``lib.pyi`` exist. At runtime, the Python
interpreter will use ``lib.py``, but mypy will use ``lib.pyi`` instead.

If the package is stub-only (not imported at runtime), the package should have
a prefix of the runtime package name and a suffix of ``-stubs``.
A ``py.typed`` file is not needed for stub-only packages. For example, if we
had stubs for ``package_c``, we might do the following:

.. code-block:: text

    setup.py
    package_c-stubs/
        __init__.pyi
        lib.pyi

the setup.py might look like:

.. code-block:: python

    from distutils.core import setup

    setup(
        name="SuperPackageC",
        author="Me",
        version="0.1",
        package_data={"package_c-stubs": ["__init__.pyi", "lib.pyi"]},
        packages=["package_c-stubs"]
    )
