"""
=======
Scatter
=======

This example shows how to plot a scatter chart.
"""

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import colormaps
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

from mplsoccer import (VerticalPitch, Pitch, create_transparent_cmap,
                       FontManager, arrowhead_marker, Sbopen)

# get data for a Sevilla versus Barcelona match with a high amount of shots
parser = Sbopen()
df, related, freeze, tactics = parser.event(9860)

# subset the barcelona shots
df_shots_barca = df[(df.type_name == 'Shot') & (df.team_name == 'Barcelona')].copy()
# subset the barca open play passes
df_pass_barca = df[(df.type_name == 'Pass') &
                   (df.team_name == 'Barcelona') &
                   (~df.sub_type_name.isin(['Throw-in', 'Corner', 'Free Kick', 'Kick Off']))].copy()

# setup a mplsoccer FontManager to download google fonts (SigmarOne-Regular)
fm_rubik = FontManager('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/fonts/main/ofl/'
                       'rubikmonoone/RubikMonoOne-Regular.ttf')

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona
# ------------------
# First let's plot Barcelona's shots with the scatter marker size varying
# by the expected goals amount. The maximum of 1 (100% expected chance of scoring)
# has been given size 1000 (points**2).
# By multiplying the expected goals amount by 900 and adding 100
# we essentially get a size that varies between 100 and 1000.
# For choosing color schemes, I really like this website
# `iWantHue <https://medialab.github.io/iwanthue/>`_.

pitch = VerticalPitch(pad_bottom=0.5,  # pitch extends slightly below halfway line
                      half=True,  # half of a pitch
                      goal_type='box',
                      goal_alpha=0.8)  # control the goal transparency
fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))
sc = pitch.scatter(df_shots_barca.x, df_shots_barca.y,
                   # size varies between 100 and 1000 (points squared)
                   s=(df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 900) + 100,
                   c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                   edgecolors='#383838',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                   # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                   marker='h',
                   ax=ax)
txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona using cmap
# -----------------------------
# An alternative is to use colors to represent the quality of shots.
# In this example, we will also pass the expected goals to the c argument and
# use a matplotlib colormap to map the expected goals to colors

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))
sc = pitch.scatter(df_shots_barca.x, df_shots_barca.y,
                   # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                   s=(df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                   cmap='plasma_r',  # reverse magma colormap so darker = higher expected goals
                   edgecolors='#383838',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                   c=df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg,  # color for scatter in hex format
                   # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                   marker='*',
                   ax=ax)
txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color='#b94b75',
              va='center', ha='center')
# comment below sets this as the thumbnail in the docs
# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_path = 'gallery/pitch_plots/images/sphx_glr_plot_scatter_002'

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona using cmap for edges
# ---------------------------------------
# It's possible to use cmaps for the edgecolors for emphasis by mapping the expected goals
# values to colors and using these as edgecolors.
# You could use the same technique to assign fewer colors to the scatter.

# get the cmap as 10 colors (n_colors can be anything)
cmap = colormaps.get_cmap('Greys')  # reversed plasma
N_COLORS = 10
cmap = cmap(np.linspace(0.5, 1, N_COLORS))  # from half-way (0.5) to end (1) of grey colormap
cmap = ListedColormap(cmap, name='Greys')
# convert the statsbomb xg to colors
edgecolors = cmap(df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg)

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))
sc = pitch.scatter(df_shots_barca.x, df_shots_barca.y,
                   s=1000,
                   edgecolors=edgecolors,  # give the markers a charcoal border
                   linewidths=1.2,  # for fun making the edges slightly thicker
                   c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                   # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                   marker='*',
                   ax=ax)
txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona using transparency cmap
# ------------------------------------------
# I included a helper function in mplsoccer to create a transparent cmap
# from either a color or a cmap. Here we create a cmap from a color
# (can use cmap='viridis' for example instead)
# and vary the transparency from 0.5 to 1 as the expected goals increase

cmap = create_transparent_cmap(color='#b94b75', n_segments=100, alpha_start=0.5, alpha_end=1)

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))
sc = pitch.scatter(df_shots_barca.x, df_shots_barca.y,
                   # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                   s=(df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                   cmap=cmap,  # reverse magma colormap so darker = higher expected goals
                   edgecolors='#383838',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                   c=df_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg,  # color for scatter in hex format
                   # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                   marker='*',
                   ax=ax)
txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona using hatch
# ------------------------------
# Another method popularized by `@petermckeever <https://twitter.com/petermckeever>`_.
# is to use hatch patterns to show where something was not-successful versus successful.
# There are lots of different hatch patterns.
# See set_hatch: https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.Patch.html
# This is typically combined with the highlight-text package
# by `@danzn1 <https://twitter.com/danzn1>`_.

# filter goals / non-shot goals
df_goals_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name == 'Goal'].copy()
df_non_goal_shots_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name != 'Goal'].copy()

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))

# plot non-goal shots with hatch
sc1 = pitch.scatter(df_non_goal_shots_barca.x, df_non_goal_shots_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_non_goal_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='None',  # no facecolor for the markers
                    hatch='///',  # the all important hatch (triple diagonal lines)
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=ax)

# plot goal shots with a color
sc2 = pitch.scatter(df_goals_barca.x, df_goals_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_goals_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=ax)

txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Shot map Barcelona using footballs
# ----------------------------------
# I also included a football marker in mplsoccer, which in this context
# could also be used to show goals/ non-goals

# filter goals / non-shot goals
df_goals_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name == 'Goal'].copy()
df_non_goal_shots_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name != 'Goal'].copy()

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))

# plot non-goal shots with hatch
sc1 = pitch.scatter(df_non_goal_shots_barca.x, df_non_goal_shots_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_non_goal_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#b94b75',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='None',  # no facecolor for the markers
                    hatch='///',  # the all important hatch (triple diagonal lines)
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=ax)

# plot goal shots with a football marker
# 'edgecolors' sets the color of the pentagons and edges, 'c' sets the color of the hexagons
sc2 = pitch.scatter(df_goals_barca.x, df_goals_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_goals_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#b94b75',
                    linewidth=0.6,
                    c='white',
                    marker='football',
                    ax=ax)

txt = ax.text(x=40, y=80, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Cropping to important areas
# ---------------------------
# One under-used technique is to crop the pitch edges where there is likely
# to be fewer shots. If you look at the StatsBomb shot maps this is
# a subtle technique they use. It means you reduce the amount of white space and
# you zoom into the areas where more shots are taken.
#
# The disadvantage of this approach is that sometimes people misinterpret the pitch
# and think the areas towards the edges are the edges of the pitch. You
# might also miss some shots near the half-way line.
pitch = VerticalPitch(pad_top=0.5,  # only a small amount of space at the top of the pitch
                      pad_bottom=-20,  # reduce the area displayed at the bottom of the pitch
                      pad_left=-15,  # reduce the area displayed on the left of the pitch
                      pad_right=-15,  # reduce the area displayed on the right of the pitch
                      half=True,  # half of a pitch
                      goal_type='line')

# filter goals / non-shot goals
df_goals_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name == 'Goal'].copy()
df_non_goal_shots_barca = df_shots_barca[df_shots_barca.outcome_name != 'Goal'].copy()

fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(12, 10))

# plot non-goal shots with hatch
sc1 = pitch.scatter(df_non_goal_shots_barca.x, df_non_goal_shots_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_non_goal_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='None',  # no facecolor for the markers
                    hatch='///',  # the all important hatch (triple diagonal lines)
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=ax)

# plot goal shots with a color
sc2 = pitch.scatter(df_goals_barca.x, df_goals_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_goals_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=ax)

txt = ax.text(x=40, y=85, s='Barcelona shots\nversus Sevilla',
              size=30,
              # here i am using a downloaded font from google fonts instead of passing a fontdict
              fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, color=pitch.line_color,
              va='center', ha='center')

##############################################################################
# Plot the chart again with a title
# ---------------------------------
# We will use mplsoccer's grid function to plot a pitch with a title and endnote axes.

fig, axs = pitch.grid(figheight=10, title_height=0.08, endnote_space=0,
                      # Turn off the endnote/title axis. I usually do this after
                      # I am happy with the chart layout and text placement
                      axis=False,
                      title_space=0, grid_height=0.82, endnote_height=0.05)

# plot non-goal shots with hatch
sc1 = pitch.scatter(df_non_goal_shots_barca.x, df_non_goal_shots_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_non_goal_shots_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='None',  # no facecolor for the markers
                    hatch='///',  # the all important hatch (triple diagonal lines)
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=axs['pitch'])

# plot goal shots with a color
sc2 = pitch.scatter(df_goals_barca.x, df_goals_barca.y,
                    # size varies between 100 and 1900 (points squared)
                    s=(df_goals_barca.shot_statsbomb_xg * 1900) + 100,
                    edgecolors='#606060',  # give the markers a charcoal border
                    c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                    # for other markers types see: https://matplotlib.org/api/markers_api.html
                    marker='o',
                    ax=axs['pitch'])

# endnote text
axs['endnote'].text(1, 0.5, '@your_twitter_handle', color=pitch.line_color,
                    va='center', ha='right', fontsize=15,
                    fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop)

# title text
title1 = axs['title'].text(0.5, 0.7, "Barcelona shots", color=pitch.line_color,
                           va='center', ha='center', fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, fontsize=30)
title2 = axs['title'].text(0.5, 0.25, "versus Sevilla", color=pitch.line_color,
                           va='center', ha='center', fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, fontsize=20)

##############################################################################
# Rotated markers
# ---------------
# I also included a method for rotating markers in mplsoccer.
#
# Warning: The rotation angle is in degrees and assumes the original marker is pointing upwards ↑.
# If it's not you will have to modify the rotation degrees.
# Rotates the marker in degrees, clockwise. 0 degrees is facing the
# direction of play (left to right).
# In a horizontal pitch, 0 degrees is this way →, in a vertical pitch, 0 degrees is this way ↑
#
# We are going to plot pass data as an arrowhead marker with the
# arrow facing in the direction of the pass.
# The marker size is going to relate to the pass distance,
# so larger markers mean the pass was longer.
pitch = Pitch()
fig, ax = pitch.draw(figsize=(14, 12))
angle, distance = pitch.calculate_angle_and_distance(df_pass_barca.x, df_pass_barca.y,
                                                     df_pass_barca.end_x, df_pass_barca.end_y,
                                                     standardized=False, degrees=True)
sc = pitch.scatter(df_pass_barca.x, df_pass_barca.y, rotation_degrees=angle,
                   c='#b94b75',  # color for scatter in hex format
                   edgecolors='#383838', alpha=0.9,
                   s=(distance / distance.max()) * 900, ax=ax, marker=arrowhead_marker)
title1 = fig.text(x=0.5, y=0.94, s='Barcelona Open play passes', va='center', ha='center',
                  size=30, color=pitch.line_color,
                  fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop, )
title2 = fig.text(x=0.5, y=0.9, s='Larger marker = greater pass distance', va='center',
                  ha='center', size=15, color=pitch.line_color, fontproperties=fm_rubik.prop)

plt.show()  # If you are using a Jupyter notebook you do not need this line
