# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Run masked LM/next sentence masked_lm pre-training for BERT."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import os

os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = ''
import modeling
import optimization
import tensorflow as tf

flags = tf.flags

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

## Required parameters
flags.DEFINE_string(
    'bert_config_file',
    None,
    'The config json file corresponding to the pre-trained BERT model. '
    'This specifies the model architecture.',
)

flags.DEFINE_string(
    'input_file',
    None,
    'Input TF example files (can be a glob or comma separated).',
)

flags.DEFINE_string(
    'output_dir',
    None,
    'The output directory where the model checkpoints will be written.',
)

## Other parameters
flags.DEFINE_string(
    'init_checkpoint',
    None,
    'Initial checkpoint (usually from a pre-trained BERT model).',
)

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    'max_seq_length',
    128,
    'The maximum total input sequence length after WordPiece tokenization. '
    'Sequences longer than this will be truncated, and sequences shorter '
    'than this will be padded. Must match data generation.',
)

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    'max_predictions_per_seq',
    20,
    'Maximum number of masked LM predictions per sequence. '
    'Must match data generation.',
)

flags.DEFINE_bool('do_train', False, 'Whether to run training.')

flags.DEFINE_bool('do_eval', True, 'Whether to run eval on the dev set.')

flags.DEFINE_integer('train_batch_size', 32, 'Total batch size for training.')

flags.DEFINE_integer('eval_batch_size', 8, 'Total batch size for eval.')

flags.DEFINE_float('learning_rate', 5e-5, 'The initial learning rate for Adam.')

flags.DEFINE_integer('num_train_steps', 100000, 'Number of training steps.')

flags.DEFINE_integer('num_warmup_steps', 10000, 'Number of warmup steps.')

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    'save_checkpoints_steps', 1000, 'How often to save the model checkpoint.'
)

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    'iterations_per_loop',
    1000,
    'How many steps to make in each estimator call.',
)

flags.DEFINE_integer('max_eval_steps', 100, 'Maximum number of eval steps.')

flags.DEFINE_bool('use_tpu', False, 'Whether to use TPU or GPU/CPU.')

tf.flags.DEFINE_string(
    'tpu_name',
    None,
    'The Cloud TPU to use for training. This should be either the name '
    'used when creating the Cloud TPU, or a grpc://ip.address.of.tpu:8470 '
    'url.',
)

tf.flags.DEFINE_string(
    'tpu_zone',
    None,
    '[Optional] GCE zone where the Cloud TPU is located in. If not '
    'specified, we will attempt to automatically detect the GCE project from '
    'metadata.',
)

tf.flags.DEFINE_string(
    'gcp_project',
    None,
    '[Optional] Project name for the Cloud TPU-enabled project. If not '
    'specified, we will attempt to automatically detect the GCE project from '
    'metadata.',
)

tf.flags.DEFINE_string('master', None, '[Optional] TensorFlow master URL.')

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    'num_tpu_cores',
    8,
    'Only used if `use_tpu` is True. Total number of TPU cores to use.',
)


def model_fn_builder(
    bert_config,
    init_checkpoint,
    learning_rate,
    num_train_steps,
    num_warmup_steps,
    use_tpu,
    use_one_hot_embeddings,
):
    """Returns `model_fn` closure for TPUEstimator."""

    def model_fn(
        features, labels, mode, params
    ):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
        """The `model_fn` for TPUEstimator."""

        tf.logging.info('*** Features ***')
        for name in sorted(features.keys()):
            tf.logging.info(
                '  name = %s, shape = %s' % (name, features[name].shape)
            )

        input_ids = features['input_ids']
        input_mask = features['input_mask']
        segment_ids = features['segment_ids']
        masked_lm_positions = features['masked_lm_positions']
        masked_lm_ids = features['masked_lm_ids']
        masked_lm_weights = features['masked_lm_weights']
        next_sentence_labels = features['next_sentence_labels']

        is_training = mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN

        model = modeling.BertModel(
            config = bert_config,
            is_training = is_training,
            input_ids = input_ids,
            input_mask = input_mask,
            token_type_ids = segment_ids,
            use_one_hot_embeddings = use_one_hot_embeddings,
        )

        (
            masked_lm_loss,
            masked_lm_example_loss,
            masked_lm_log_probs,
        ) = get_masked_lm_output(
            bert_config,
            model.get_sequence_output(),
            model.get_embedding_table(),
            masked_lm_positions,
            masked_lm_ids,
            masked_lm_weights,
        )

        (
            next_sentence_loss,
            next_sentence_example_loss,
            next_sentence_log_probs,
        ) = get_next_sentence_output(
            bert_config, model.get_pooled_output(), next_sentence_labels
        )

        total_loss = masked_lm_loss + next_sentence_loss

        tvars = tf.trainable_variables()

        initialized_variable_names = {}
        scaffold_fn = None
        if init_checkpoint:
            (
                assignment_map,
                initialized_variable_names,
            ) = modeling.get_assignment_map_from_checkpoint(
                tvars, init_checkpoint
            )
            if use_tpu:

                def tpu_scaffold():
                    tf.train.init_from_checkpoint(
                        init_checkpoint, assignment_map
                    )
                    return tf.train.Scaffold()

                scaffold_fn = tpu_scaffold
            else:
                tf.train.init_from_checkpoint(init_checkpoint, assignment_map)

        tf.logging.info('**** Trainable Variables ****')
        for var in tvars:
            init_string = ''
            if var.name in initialized_variable_names:
                init_string = ', *INIT_FROM_CKPT*'
            tf.logging.info(
                '  name = %s, shape = %s%s', var.name, var.shape, init_string
            )

        output_spec = None
        if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
            train_op = optimization.create_optimizer(
                total_loss,
                learning_rate,
                num_train_steps,
                num_warmup_steps,
                use_tpu,
            )

            output_spec = tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimatorSpec(
                mode = mode,
                loss = total_loss,
                train_op = train_op,
                scaffold_fn = scaffold_fn,
            )
        elif mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL:

            def metric_fn(
                masked_lm_example_loss,
                masked_lm_log_probs,
                masked_lm_ids,
                masked_lm_weights,
                next_sentence_example_loss,
                next_sentence_log_probs,
                next_sentence_labels,
            ):
                """Computes the loss and accuracy of the model."""
                masked_lm_log_probs = tf.reshape(
                    masked_lm_log_probs, [-1, masked_lm_log_probs.shape[-1]]
                )
                masked_lm_predictions = tf.argmax(
                    masked_lm_log_probs, axis = -1, output_type = tf.int32
                )
                masked_lm_example_loss = tf.reshape(
                    masked_lm_example_loss, [-1]
                )
                masked_lm_ids = tf.reshape(masked_lm_ids, [-1])
                masked_lm_weights = tf.reshape(masked_lm_weights, [-1])
                masked_lm_accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(
                    labels = masked_lm_ids,
                    predictions = masked_lm_predictions,
                    weights = masked_lm_weights,
                )
                masked_lm_mean_loss = tf.metrics.mean(
                    values = masked_lm_example_loss, weights = masked_lm_weights
                )

                next_sentence_log_probs = tf.reshape(
                    next_sentence_log_probs,
                    [-1, next_sentence_log_probs.shape[-1]],
                )
                next_sentence_predictions = tf.argmax(
                    next_sentence_log_probs, axis = -1, output_type = tf.int32
                )
                next_sentence_labels = tf.reshape(next_sentence_labels, [-1])
                next_sentence_accuracy = tf.metrics.accuracy(
                    labels = next_sentence_labels,
                    predictions = next_sentence_predictions,
                )
                next_sentence_mean_loss = tf.metrics.mean(
                    values = next_sentence_example_loss
                )

                return {
                    'masked_lm_accuracy': masked_lm_accuracy,
                    'masked_lm_loss': masked_lm_mean_loss,
                    'next_sentence_accuracy': next_sentence_accuracy,
                    'next_sentence_loss': next_sentence_mean_loss,
                }

            eval_metrics = (
                metric_fn,
                [
                    masked_lm_example_loss,
                    masked_lm_log_probs,
                    masked_lm_ids,
                    masked_lm_weights,
                    next_sentence_example_loss,
                    next_sentence_log_probs,
                    next_sentence_labels,
                ],
            )
            output_spec = tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimatorSpec(
                mode = mode,
                loss = total_loss,
                eval_metrics = eval_metrics,
                scaffold_fn = scaffold_fn,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                'Only TRAIN and EVAL modes are supported: %s' % (mode)
            )

        return output_spec

    return model_fn


def get_masked_lm_output(
    bert_config,
    input_tensor,
    output_weights,
    positions,
    label_ids,
    label_weights,
):
    """Get loss and log probs for the masked LM."""
    input_tensor = gather_indexes(input_tensor, positions)

    with tf.variable_scope('cls/predictions'):
        # We apply one more non-linear transformation before the output layer.
        # This matrix is not used after pre-training.
        with tf.variable_scope('transform'):
            input_tensor = tf.layers.dense(
                input_tensor,
                units = bert_config.hidden_size,
                activation = modeling.get_activation(bert_config.hidden_act),
                kernel_initializer = modeling.create_initializer(
                    bert_config.initializer_range
                ),
            )
            input_tensor = modeling.layer_norm(input_tensor)

        # The output weights are the same as the input embeddings, but there is
        # an output-only bias for each token.
        output_bias = tf.get_variable(
            'output_bias',
            shape = [bert_config.vocab_size],
            initializer = tf.zeros_initializer(),
        )
        logits = tf.matmul(input_tensor, output_weights, transpose_b = True)
        logits = tf.nn.bias_add(logits, output_bias)
        log_probs = tf.nn.log_softmax(logits, axis = -1)

        label_ids = tf.reshape(label_ids, [-1])
        label_weights = tf.reshape(label_weights, [-1])

        one_hot_labels = tf.one_hot(
            label_ids, depth = bert_config.vocab_size, dtype = tf.float32
        )

        # The `positions` tensor might be zero-padded (if the sequence is too
        # short to have the maximum number of predictions). The `label_weights`
        # tensor has a value of 1.0 for every real prediction and 0.0 for the
        # padding predictions.
        per_example_loss = -tf.reduce_sum(
            log_probs * one_hot_labels, axis = [-1]
        )
        numerator = tf.reduce_sum(label_weights * per_example_loss)
        denominator = tf.reduce_sum(label_weights) + 1e-5
        loss = numerator / denominator

    return (loss, per_example_loss, log_probs)


def get_next_sentence_output(bert_config, input_tensor, labels):
    """Get loss and log probs for the next sentence prediction."""

    # Simple binary classification. Note that 0 is "next sentence" and 1 is
    # "random sentence". This weight matrix is not used after pre-training.
    with tf.variable_scope('cls/seq_relationship'):
        output_weights = tf.get_variable(
            'output_weights',
            shape = [2, bert_config.hidden_size],
            initializer = modeling.create_initializer(
                bert_config.initializer_range
            ),
        )
        output_bias = tf.get_variable(
            'output_bias', shape = [2], initializer = tf.zeros_initializer()
        )

        logits = tf.matmul(input_tensor, output_weights, transpose_b = True)
        logits = tf.nn.bias_add(logits, output_bias)
        log_probs = tf.nn.log_softmax(logits, axis = -1)
        labels = tf.reshape(labels, [-1])
        one_hot_labels = tf.one_hot(labels, depth = 2, dtype = tf.float32)
        per_example_loss = -tf.reduce_sum(one_hot_labels * log_probs, axis = -1)
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(per_example_loss)
        return (loss, per_example_loss, log_probs)


def gather_indexes(sequence_tensor, positions):
    """Gathers the vectors at the specific positions over a minibatch."""
    sequence_shape = modeling.get_shape_list(sequence_tensor, expected_rank = 3)
    batch_size = sequence_shape[0]
    seq_length = sequence_shape[1]
    width = sequence_shape[2]

    flat_offsets = tf.reshape(
        tf.range(0, batch_size, dtype = tf.int32) * seq_length, [-1, 1]
    )
    flat_positions = tf.reshape(positions + flat_offsets, [-1])
    flat_sequence_tensor = tf.reshape(
        sequence_tensor, [batch_size * seq_length, width]
    )
    output_tensor = tf.gather(flat_sequence_tensor, flat_positions)
    return output_tensor


def input_fn_builder(
    input_files,
    max_seq_length,
    max_predictions_per_seq,
    is_training,
    num_cpu_threads = 4,
):
    """Creates an `input_fn` closure to be passed to TPUEstimator."""

    def input_fn(params):
        """The actual input function."""
        batch_size = params['batch_size']

        name_to_features = {
            'input_ids': tf.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
            'input_mask': tf.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
            'segment_ids': tf.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
            'masked_lm_positions': tf.FixedLenFeature(
                [max_predictions_per_seq], tf.int64
            ),
            'masked_lm_ids': tf.FixedLenFeature(
                [max_predictions_per_seq], tf.int64
            ),
            'masked_lm_weights': tf.FixedLenFeature(
                [max_predictions_per_seq], tf.float32
            ),
            'next_sentence_labels': tf.FixedLenFeature([1], tf.int64),
        }

        # For training, we want a lot of parallel reading and shuffling.
        # For eval, we want no shuffling and parallel reading doesn't matter.
        if is_training:
            d = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(tf.constant(input_files))
            d = d.repeat()
            d = d.shuffle(buffer_size = len(input_files))

            # `cycle_length` is the number of parallel files that get read.
            cycle_length = min(num_cpu_threads, len(input_files))

            # `sloppy` mode means that the interleaving is not exact. This adds
            # even more randomness to the training pipeline.
            d = d.apply(
                tf.contrib.data.parallel_interleave(
                    tf.data.TFRecordDataset,
                    sloppy = is_training,
                    cycle_length = cycle_length,
                )
            )
            d = d.shuffle(buffer_size = 100)
        else:
            d = tf.data.TFRecordDataset(input_files)
            # Since we evaluate for a fixed number of steps we don't want to encounter
            # out-of-range exceptions.
            d = d.repeat()

        # We must `drop_remainder` on training because the TPU requires fixed
        # size dimensions. For eval, we assume we are evaluating on the CPU or GPU
        # and we *don't* want to drop the remainder, otherwise we wont cover
        # every sample.
        d = d.apply(
            tf.contrib.data.map_and_batch(
                lambda record: _decode_record(record, name_to_features),
                batch_size = batch_size,
                num_parallel_batches = num_cpu_threads,
                drop_remainder = True,
            )
        )
        return d

    return input_fn


def _decode_record(record, name_to_features):
    """Decodes a record to a TensorFlow example."""
    example = tf.parse_single_example(record, name_to_features)

    # tf.Example only supports tf.int64, but the TPU only supports tf.int32.
    # So cast all int64 to int32.
    for name in list(example.keys()):
        t = example[name]
        if t.dtype == tf.int64:
            t = tf.to_int32(t)
        example[name] = t

    return example


def main(_):
    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)

    if not FLAGS.do_train and not FLAGS.do_eval:
        raise ValueError(
            'At least one of `do_train` or `do_eval` must be True.'
        )

    bert_config = modeling.BertConfig.from_json_file(FLAGS.bert_config_file)

    tf.gfile.MakeDirs(FLAGS.output_dir)

    input_files = []
    for input_pattern in FLAGS.input_file.split(','):
        input_files.extend(tf.gfile.Glob(input_pattern))

    tf.logging.info('*** Input Files ***')
    for input_file in input_files:
        tf.logging.info('  %s' % input_file)

    tpu_cluster_resolver = None
    if FLAGS.use_tpu and FLAGS.tpu_name:
        tpu_cluster_resolver = tf.contrib.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver(
            FLAGS.tpu_name, zone = FLAGS.tpu_zone, project = FLAGS.gcp_project
        )

    is_per_host = tf.contrib.tpu.InputPipelineConfig.PER_HOST_V2
    run_config = tf.contrib.tpu.RunConfig(
        cluster = tpu_cluster_resolver,
        master = FLAGS.master,
        model_dir = FLAGS.output_dir,
        save_checkpoints_steps = FLAGS.save_checkpoints_steps,
        tpu_config = tf.contrib.tpu.TPUConfig(
            iterations_per_loop = FLAGS.iterations_per_loop,
            num_shards = FLAGS.num_tpu_cores,
            per_host_input_for_training = is_per_host,
        ),
    )

    model_fn = model_fn_builder(
        bert_config = bert_config,
        init_checkpoint = FLAGS.init_checkpoint,
        learning_rate = FLAGS.learning_rate,
        num_train_steps = FLAGS.num_train_steps,
        num_warmup_steps = FLAGS.num_warmup_steps,
        use_tpu = FLAGS.use_tpu,
        use_one_hot_embeddings = FLAGS.use_tpu,
    )

    # If TPU is not available, this will fall back to normal Estimator on CPU
    # or GPU.
    estimator = tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimator(
        use_tpu = FLAGS.use_tpu,
        model_fn = model_fn,
        config = run_config,
        train_batch_size = FLAGS.train_batch_size,
        eval_batch_size = FLAGS.eval_batch_size,
    )

    if FLAGS.do_eval:
        tf.logging.info('***** Running evaluation *****')
        tf.logging.info('  Batch size = %d', FLAGS.eval_batch_size)

        eval_input_fn = input_fn_builder(
            input_files = input_files,
            max_seq_length = FLAGS.max_seq_length,
            max_predictions_per_seq = FLAGS.max_predictions_per_seq,
            is_training = False,
        )

        result = estimator.evaluate(
            input_fn = eval_input_fn, steps = FLAGS.max_eval_steps
        )

        output_eval_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.output_dir, 'eval_results.txt')
        with tf.gfile.GFile(output_eval_file, 'w') as writer:
            tf.logging.info('***** Eval results *****')
            for key in sorted(result.keys()):
                tf.logging.info('  %s = %s', key, str(result[key]))
                writer.write('%s = %s\n' % (key, str(result[key])))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    flags.mark_flag_as_required('input_file')
    flags.mark_flag_as_required('bert_config_file')
    flags.mark_flag_as_required('output_dir')
    tf.app.run()
