{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.\n\nQuestion: What pigment is involved in photosynthesis in plants?", "answer": "chlorophyll", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. Mitochondria have their own DNA, separate from the cell's nuclear DNA.\n\nQuestion: What molecule do mitochondria primarily produce?", "answer": "adenosine triphosphate", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Tectonic plates are massive segments of Earth's lithosphere that move, float, and sometimes fracture. The interaction of these plates at their boundaries causes earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation.\n\nQuestion: What causes earthquakes according to the passage?", "answer": "interaction of these plates", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into clouds, and falls back to the surface as precipitation. Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain.\n\nQuestion: What happens to water after it rises into the atmosphere?", "answer": "cools and condenses", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with an equal force in the opposite direction.\n\nQuestion: What does Newton's third law state?", "answer": "equal and opposite reaction", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. The double helix is unwound by the enzyme helicase.\n\nQuestion: What enzyme unwinds the double helix during DNA replication?", "answer": "helicase", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3) relative to other parts of the atmosphere. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.\n\nQuestion: What type of radiation does the ozone layer absorb?", "answer": "ultraviolet", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The human heart has four chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.\n\nQuestion: How many chambers does the human heart have?", "answer": "four", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconducting materials. When photons from sunlight hit the cell, they knock electrons free from atoms in the semiconductor material, creating an electric current.\n\nQuestion: How do photovoltaic cells generate electricity?", "answer": "knock electrons free", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are the primary greenhouse gases. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's average temperature would be about -18°C.\n\nQuestion: What are the primary greenhouse gases mentioned?", "answer": "carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antibiotics do not work against viral infections like the common cold or flu.\n\nQuestion: What type of infections do antibiotics NOT work against?", "answer": "viral", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or type of reaction. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.\n\nQuestion: How do enzymes speed up reactions?", "answer": "lowering the activation energy", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. This process is vital for maintaining proper cell function.\n\nQuestion: In which direction do water molecules move during osmosis?", "answer": "higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The Doppler effect describes the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source. An ambulance siren sounds higher pitched as it approaches and lower pitched as it moves away.\n\nQuestion: What happens to the pitch of an ambulance siren as it approaches?", "answer": "higher pitched", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Symbiosis describes a close and long-term biological interaction between two different species. There are three main types: mutualism (both benefit), commensalism (one benefits, the other is unaffected), and parasitism (one benefits at the expense of the other).\n\nQuestion: What type of symbiosis benefits one organism at the expense of the other?", "answer": "parasitism", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The periodic table organizes chemical elements by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. Elements in the same column (group) share similar chemical behaviors. Dmitri Mendeleev published the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869.\n\nQuestion: Who published the first widely recognized periodic table?", "answer": "Dmitri Mendeleev", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Glaciers form when snow accumulates over centuries, compressing into dense ice. They move slowly under their own weight. As glaciers move, they erode the land beneath them, carving valleys and depositing sediment.\n\nQuestion: How do glaciers affect the land beneath them?", "answer": "erode", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: RNA differs from DNA in several ways: it is usually single-stranded, contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose, and uses uracil instead of thymine as one of its bases. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.\n\nQuestion: What base does RNA use instead of thymine?", "answer": "uracil", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic. Lemon juice has a pH of about 2, while bleach has a pH of about 13.\n\nQuestion: What pH value is considered neutral?", "answer": "7", "eval_type": "analysis"}
{"question": "Read the following passage and answer the question.\n\nPassage: Black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light or other electromagnetic waves, can escape once past the event horizon. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycle.\n\nQuestion: What is the boundary beyond which nothing can escape a black hole?", "answer": "event horizon", "eval_type": "analysis"}
