# Copyright 2024 The JAX Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Any, Callable

import jax
from jax._src import core
from jax._src import source_info_util
from jax._src import api_util
from jax._src import linear_util as lu
from jax._src.ad_util import (Zero)
from jax._src.api_util import flatten_fun_nokwargs
from jax._src.interpreters import ad
from jax._src.interpreters import partial_eval as pe
from jax._src.tree_util import (tree_flatten, tree_unflatten, tree_structure,
                                treedef_tuple)
from jax._src.util import unzip2, safe_map, safe_zip, split_list
from jax._src.dtypes import dtype, float0

map, unsafe_map = safe_map, map
zip, unsafe_zip = safe_zip, zip

Array = Any
JaxVal = Any
PyTree = Any
PyTreeDef = Any

ReadWrite = pe.ReadWrite
Append = pe.Append

register = api_util.register_class_with_attrs
dne_sentinel = pe.dne_sentinel

def jax_getattr(obj: Any, attr: str) -> PyTree:
  with core.take_current_trace() as t:
    return t.process_getattr(obj, attr)

def jax_setattr(obj: Any, attr: str, val: PyTree) -> None:
  with core.take_current_trace() as t:
    return t.process_setattr(obj, attr, val)

def jax_appendattr(obj: Any, attr: str, val: Array) -> None:
  return jax_extendattr(obj, attr, jax.numpy.expand_dims(val, 0))

def jax_extendattr(obj: Any, attr: str, val: Array) -> None:
  with core.take_current_trace() as t:
    return t.process_extendattr(obj, attr, val)

def _getattr_impl(_, obj, attr):
  return getattr(obj, attr)
core.EvalTrace.process_getattr = _getattr_impl

def _setattr_impl(_, obj, attr, val):
  setattr(obj, attr, val)
core.EvalTrace.process_setattr = _setattr_impl

def _extendattr_impl(_, obj, attr, val):
  cur = getattr(obj, attr, dne_sentinel)
  if cur is dne_sentinel:
    new = val
  else:
    _check_append_type_agreement(obj, attr, core.typeof(cur), core.typeof(val))
    new = jax.numpy.concatenate([cur, val])
  setattr(obj, attr, new)
core.EvalTrace.process_extendattr = _extendattr_impl

def _check_append_type_agreement(_, attr, curtype, valtype):
  expected = core.mapped_aval(curtype.shape[0], 0, curtype)
  got = core.mapped_aval(valtype.shape[0], 0, valtype)
  if not core.typematch(expected, got):
    raise TypeError(
        f"can only append to attr {attr} with values of trailing shape "
        f"{expected.str_short()}, but appendattr got value of type "
        f"{valtype.str_short()} which has trailing shape {got.str_short()}.")

def _ensure_tracked(trace: pe.DynamicJaxprTrace, obj: Any, attr: str,
                    kind: pe.AttrKind):
  frame = trace.frame
  source_info = source_info_util.current()

  def new_tracer(x):
    aval = core.get_aval(x)
    tracer = pe.DynamicJaxprTracer(trace, aval, source_info)
    var = frame.tracer_to_var[id(tracer)] = frame.newvar(aval)
    frame.attrs_vars.append(var)
    frame.tracers.append(tracer)
    return tracer

  if (obj, attr, Append) in frame.attrs_tracked:
    raise TypeError(f"can't read/write to append-only attr {attr}")

  if (obj, attr, kind) not in frame.attrs_tracked:
    init_val = getattr(obj, attr, dne_sentinel)
    frame.attrs_inits.append(init_val)
    init_vals, init_tree = tree_flatten(init_val)
    tracers = map(new_tracer, init_vals)
    setattr(obj, attr, tree_unflatten(init_tree, tracers))
    frame.attrs_tracked.append((obj, attr, kind))
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace._ensure_tracked = _ensure_tracked

def _getattr_staging(trace, obj, attr):
  trace._ensure_tracked(obj, attr, ReadWrite)
  return getattr(obj, attr)
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_getattr = _getattr_staging

def _setattr_staging(trace, obj, attr, val):
  trace._ensure_tracked(obj, attr, ReadWrite)
  setattr(obj, attr, val)
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_setattr = _setattr_staging

def _extendattr_staging(trace, obj, attr, val):
  frame = trace.frame

  if (obj, attr, ReadWrite) in frame.attrs_tracked:
    raise TypeError("can't append to read/write-only attr {attr}")

  first_write = (obj, attr, Append) not in frame.attrs_tracked
  init_val = getattr(obj, attr, dne_sentinel)
  if init_val is not dne_sentinel:
    _check_append_type_agreement(obj, attr, core.typeof(init_val), core.typeof(val))
  if first_write:
    frame.attrs_inits.append(init_val)
    frame.attrs_tracked.append((obj, attr, Append))
    tracer = val
  else:
    assert init_val is not dne_sentinel
    with core.set_current_trace(trace):
      tracer = jax.numpy.concatenate([init_val, val])
  setattr(obj, attr, tracer)
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_extendattr = _extendattr_staging


def jvp(f, primals, tangents, attr_tangents):
  attrs, attr_tangents = unzip2(((o, a), t) for o, a, t in attr_tangents)
  attr_primals = tuple(jax_getattr(o, a) for o, a in attrs)
  primals_flat, in_tree = tree_flatten((attr_primals, *primals))
  tangents_flat, in_tree_ = tree_flatten((attr_tangents, *tangents))
  if in_tree != in_tree_: raise Exception
  dbg = api_util.debug_info("attrs_jvp", f, primals, {})
  f_, out_tree = flatten_fun_nokwargs(
      _set_attrs(lu.wrap_init(f, debug_info=dbg), attrs), in_tree)
  out_primals_flat, out_tangents_flat, tangent_attrs_out = _jvp(f_).call_wrapped(
      primals_flat, tangents_flat)
  out_primals = tree_unflatten(out_tree(), out_primals_flat)
  out_tangents = tree_unflatten(out_tree(), out_tangents_flat)
  return out_primals, out_tangents, tangent_attrs_out

@lu.transformation2
def _set_attrs(f, attrs, attr_vals, *args):
  for (o, a), x in zip(attrs, attr_vals):
    jax_setattr(o, a, x)
  return f(*args)

def _jvp(fun: lu.WrappedFun):
  return jvpfun2(jvp_subtrace2(fun))

@lu.transformation2
def jvpfun2(f, primals, tangents):
  tag = core.TraceTag()
  tangents = [Zero.from_primal_value(t) if not isinstance(t, Zero)
              and dtype(t) == float0 else t for t in tangents]
  ctx = source_info_util.transform_name_stack('jvp')
  with ctx:
    out_primals, out_tangents, tangent_attrs_out = f(tag, primals, tangents)
  return out_primals, out_tangents, tangent_attrs_out

@lu.transformation2
def jvp_subtrace2(f, tag, primals, tangents):
  with core.take_current_trace() as parent_trace:
    trace = ad.JVPTrace(parent_trace, tag)
    tag.attrs_tracked = []  # attrs written to
    in_tracers = [ad.JVPTracer(trace, x, t) if type(t) is not ad.Zero else x
                  for x, t in zip(primals, tangents)]
    with core.set_current_trace(trace):
      ans = f(*in_tracers)
      out_primals, out_tangents = unzip2(map(trace.to_primal_tangent_pair, ans))
      tangent_attrs_out = []
      for (obj, name) in tag.attrs_tracked:
        primal, tangent = trace.to_primal_tangent_pair(jax_getattr(obj, name))
        jax_setattr(obj, name, primal)
        if type(tangent) is not ad.Zero:
          tangent_attrs_out.append((obj, name, tangent))
    del tag.attrs_tracked
    return out_primals, out_tangents, tangent_attrs_out

def _setattr_jvp(trace, obj, attr, maybe_tracer):
  primal, tangent = trace.to_primal_tangent_pair(maybe_tracer)
  if isinstance(tangent, ad.Zero):
    return setattr(obj, attr, primal)
  if (obj, attr) not in trace.tag.attrs_tracked:
    trace.tag.attrs_tracked.append((obj, attr))
  return setattr(obj, attr, ad.JVPTracer(trace, primal, tangent))
ad.JVPTrace.process_setattr = _setattr_jvp

def _getattr_jvp(trace, obj, attr):
  return getattr(obj, attr)
ad.JVPTrace.process_getattr = _getattr_jvp

ad.LinearizeTrace.process_setattr = _setattr_jvp
ad.LinearizeTrace.process_getattr = _getattr_jvp

def linearize(f: Callable, *primals, attrs: list[tuple[Any, str]] = []):
  attr_primals = [jax_getattr(o, a) for o, a in attrs]
  attr_avals = [core.get_aval(p) for p in attr_primals]
  primals_flat, in_tree = tree_flatten(primals)
  tree = treedef_tuple((tree_structure(attr_primals), *in_tree.children()))
  dbg = api_util.debug_info("attrs linearize", f, primals, {})
  f_, out_tree = flatten_fun_nokwargs(
      _set_attrs(lu.wrap_init(f, debug_info=dbg), attrs), tree)
  primal_out, out_pvals, jaxpr, consts, attrs_out = _linearize(
      f_, *attr_primals, *primals_flat)
  f_lin = _lin_wrap(jaxpr, consts, out_pvals, attr_avals, (in_tree, out_tree()),
                    attrs, attrs_out)
  return tree_unflatten(out_tree(), primal_out), f_lin

def _linearize(traceable: lu.WrappedFun, *primals):
  jvpfun, attrs = _split_attrs(_jvp(traceable))
  in_pvals = (tuple(pe.PartialVal.known(p) for p in primals)
              + tuple(pe.PartialVal.unknown(core.get_aval(p).to_tangent_aval())
                      for p in primals))
  _, in_tree = tree_flatten((primals, primals))
  jvpfun_flat, out_tree = flatten_fun_nokwargs(jvpfun, in_tree)
  jaxpr, out_pvals, consts = pe.trace_to_jaxpr_nounits(jvpfun_flat, in_pvals)
  out_primals_pvals, out_tangents_pvals, out_tangent_attr_pvals = \
      tree_unflatten(out_tree(), out_pvals)
  out_primals_consts = [pval.get_known() for pval in out_primals_pvals]
  return (out_primals_consts, [*out_tangents_pvals, *out_tangent_attr_pvals],
          jaxpr, consts, attrs())

@lu.transformation_with_aux2
def _split_attrs(f, store, *args, **kwargs):
  primals, tangents, tangent_attrs = f(*args, **kwargs)
  attrs, tangent_attr_vals = unzip2(((o, a), t) for o, a, t in tangent_attrs)
  store.store(attrs)
  return primals, tangents, tangent_attr_vals

def _lin_wrap(jaxpr, consts, out_pvals, attr_avals, io_tree, in_attrs, out_attrs):
  in_tree, out_tree = io_tree
  def f_lin(*tangents, attr_tangents):
    if set(attr_tangents) - set(in_attrs): raise Exception
    tangents_, in_tree_ = tree_flatten(tangents)
    assert in_tree == in_tree_
    attr_tangents_ = [attr_tangents.get(a, ad.Zero(aval))
                      for a, aval in zip(in_attrs, attr_avals)]
    out = core.eval_jaxpr(jaxpr, consts, *attr_tangents_, *tangents_)
    out_ = iter(out)
    out = [p.get_known() if p.is_known() else next(out_) for p in out_pvals]
    assert next(out_, None) is None
    tangents_out, attr_tangents_out = split_list(out, [len(out)-len(out_attrs)])
    out_ct = tree_unflatten(out_tree, tangents_out)
    return out_ct, dict(zip(out_attrs, attr_tangents_out))
  return f_lin


def vjp(f, *primals, attrs: list[tuple[Any, str]] = []):
  attr_primals = [jax_getattr(o, a) for o, a in attrs]
  primals_flat, in_tree = tree_flatten(primals)
  tree = treedef_tuple((tree_structure(attr_primals), *in_tree.children()))
  dbg = api_util.debug_info("attrs vjp", f, primals, {})
  f_, out_tree = flatten_fun_nokwargs(
      _set_attrs(lu.wrap_init(f, debug_info=dbg), attrs), tree)
  primal_out, out_pvals, jaxpr, consts, attrs_out = _linearize(
      f_, *attr_primals, *primals_flat)
  attr_avals = [core.get_aval(jax_getattr(o, a)).to_tangent_aval()
                for o, a in attrs_out]
  f_vjp = _vjp_wrap(jaxpr, consts, out_pvals, attr_avals, (in_tree, out_tree()),
                    attrs, attrs_out)
  return tree_unflatten(out_tree(), primal_out), f_vjp

def _vjp_wrap(jaxpr, consts, out_pvals, attr_avals, io_tree, in_attrs, out_attrs):
  in_tree, out_tree = io_tree
  dummies = [ad.UndefinedPrimal(v.aval) for v in jaxpr.invars]
  def f_vjp(out_ct, *, attr_cotangents: dict[tuple[Any, str], JaxVal] = {}):
    out_cts, out_tree_ = tree_flatten(out_ct)
    assert out_tree == out_tree_
    attr_cts = [attr_cotangents.get(a, ad.Zero(aval))
                for a, aval in zip(out_attrs, attr_avals)]
    out = ad.backward_pass(jaxpr, (), consts, dummies, (*out_cts, *attr_cts))
    in_attr_bars, arg_cts = split_list(out, [len(in_attrs)])
    args_ct = tree_unflatten(in_tree, map(ad.instantiate_zeros, arg_cts))
    return args_ct, dict(zip(in_attrs, in_attr_bars))
  return f_vjp


class Box:
  _val: PyTree
  _tag: core.OpaqueTraceState
  def __init__(self, val):
    self._val = val
    self._tag = core.get_opaque_trace_state()
  def get(self):
    with core.take_current_trace() as t:
      return t.process_box_get(self)
  def set(self, val):
    with core.take_current_trace() as t:
      return t.process_box_set(self, val)

def _box_get_impl(trace, box):
  return box._val
core.EvalTrace.process_box_get = _box_get_impl

def _box_set_impl(trace, box, val):
  box._val = val
core.EvalTrace.process_box_set = _box_set_impl

def _is_local(trace, box):
  is_arg = box._tag._trace_ref() is trace
  if is_arg: assert box._tag._trace_ref() is trace
  return is_arg

def _box_get_staging(trace, box):
  if not _is_local(trace, box):
    trace._ensure_tracked(box, '_val', pe.BoxAttr)
  return box._val
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_box_get = _box_get_staging

def _box_set_staging(trace, box, val):
  if not _is_local(trace, box):
    trace._ensure_tracked(box, '_val', pe.BoxAttr)
  box._val = val
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_box_set = _box_set_staging

def _box_get_jvp(trace, box):
  return box._val
ad.JVPTrace.process_box_get = _box_get_jvp

def _box_set_jvp(trace, box, val):
  primal, tangent = trace.to_primal_tangent_pair(val)
  if not (isinstance(tangent, ad.Zero) or _is_local(trace, box)):
    raise Exception
  if isinstance(tangent, ad.Zero):
    box._val = primal
  else:
    box._val = ad.JVPTracer(trace, primal, tangent)
ad.JVPTrace.process_box_set = _box_set_jvp

def _box_get_linearize(trace, box):
  return box._val
ad.LinearizeTrace.process_box_get = _box_get_linearize

def _box_set_linearize(trace, box, val):
  primal, tangent = trace.to_primal_tangent_pair(val)
  if not (isinstance(tangent, ad.Zero) or _is_local(trace, box)):
    raise Exception
  if isinstance(tangent, ad.Zero):
    box._val = primal
  else:
    raise NotImplementedError  # TODO
    box._val = ad.LinearizeTracer(trace, primal, tangent)
ad.LinearizeTrace.process_box_set = _box_set_linearize


class List:
  _val: PyTree
  _tag: core.OpaqueTraceState
  _is_arg: bool
  def __init__(self, val=None):
    self._val = [] if val is None else val[:]
    self._tag = core.get_opaque_trace_state()
    self._is_arg = False
  def append(self, val):
    with core.take_current_trace() as t:
      return t.process_list_append(self, val)
  def get(self):
    with core.take_current_trace() as t:
      if _is_local(t, self) and not self._is_arg:
        return self._val[:]  # defensive copy in case caller erroneously mutates
    raise Exception("can't read the value of a List that was not created in "
                    "this scope")
AppendList = List

def _list_append_impl(trace, lst, val):
  lst._val.append(val)
core.EvalTrace.process_list_append = _list_append_impl

def _list_append_staging(trace, lst, val):
  if not _is_local(trace, lst):
    _ensure_list_tracked(trace, lst)
  return _list_append_impl(trace, lst, val)
pe.DynamicJaxprTrace.process_list_append = _list_append_staging

def _ensure_list_tracked(trace, lst):
  frame = trace.frame
  if (lst, '_val', pe.ListAttr) not in frame.attrs_tracked:
    frame.attrs_inits.append(lst._val)
    frame.attrs_tracked.append((lst, '_val', pe.ListAttr))
    lst._val = []
