import warnings

import numpy as np
import pytest
from numpy.testing import assert_allclose, assert_array_almost_equal, assert_array_equal

from xlearn.base import config_context
from xlearn.metrics.cluster import (
    adjusted_mutual_info_score,
    adjusted_rand_score,
    completeness_score,
    contingency_matrix,
    entropy,
    expected_mutual_information,
    fowlkes_mallows_score,
    homogeneity_completeness_v_measure,
    homogeneity_score,
    mutual_info_score,
    normalized_mutual_info_score,
    pair_confusion_matrix,
    rand_score,
    v_measure_score,
)
from xlearn.metrics.cluster._supervised import _generalized_average, check_clusterings
from xlearn.utils import assert_all_finite
from xlearn.utils._array_api import (
    _get_namespace_device_dtype_ids,
    yield_namespace_device_dtype_combinations,
)
from xlearn.utils._testing import _array_api_for_tests, assert_almost_equal

score_funcs = [
    adjusted_rand_score,
    rand_score,
    homogeneity_score,
    completeness_score,
    v_measure_score,
    adjusted_mutual_info_score,
    normalized_mutual_info_score,
]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("score_func", score_funcs)
def test_error_messages_on_wrong_input(score_func):
    expected = r"Found input variables with inconsistent numbers of samples: \[2, 3\]"
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected):
        score_func([0, 1], [1, 1, 1])

    expected = r"labels_true must be 1D: shape is \(2"
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected):
        score_func([[0, 1], [1, 0]], [1, 1, 1])

    expected = r"labels_pred must be 1D: shape is \(2"
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected):
        score_func([0, 1, 0], [[1, 1], [0, 0]])


def test_generalized_average():
    a, b = 1, 2
    methods = ["min", "geometric", "arithmetic", "max"]
    means = [_generalized_average(a, b, method) for method in methods]
    assert means[0] <= means[1] <= means[2] <= means[3]
    c, d = 12, 12
    means = [_generalized_average(c, d, method) for method in methods]
    assert means[0] == means[1] == means[2] == means[3]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("score_func", score_funcs)
def test_perfect_matches(score_func):
    assert score_func([], []) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0], [1]) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0, 1, 0], [42, 7, 42]) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [42.0, 7.0, 42.0]) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [42.0, 7.0, 2.0]) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0, 1, 2], [42, 7, 2]) == pytest.approx(1.0)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "score_func",
    [
        normalized_mutual_info_score,
        adjusted_mutual_info_score,
    ],
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("average_method", ["min", "geometric", "arithmetic", "max"])
def test_perfect_matches_with_changing_means(score_func, average_method):
    assert score_func([], [], average_method=average_method) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func([0], [1], average_method=average_method) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func(
        [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func(
        [0, 1, 0], [42, 7, 42], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func(
        [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [42.0, 7.0, 42.0], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func(
        [0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [42.0, 7.0, 2.0], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    assert score_func(
        [0, 1, 2], [42, 7, 2], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)
    # Non-regression tests for: https://github.com/chenxingqiang/jax-sklearn/issues/30950
    assert score_func([0, 1], [0, 1], average_method=average_method) == pytest.approx(
        1.0
    )
    assert score_func(
        [0, 1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 2, 3], average_method=average_method
    ) == pytest.approx(1.0)


def test_homogeneous_but_not_complete_labeling():
    # homogeneous but not complete clustering
    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(h, 1.00, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, 0.69, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, 0.81, 2)


def test_complete_but_not_homogeneous_labeling():
    # complete but not homogeneous clustering
    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2], [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1])
    assert_almost_equal(h, 0.58, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, 1.00, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, 0.73, 2)


def test_not_complete_and_not_homogeneous_labeling():
    # neither complete nor homogeneous but not so bad either
    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(h, 0.67, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, 0.42, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, 0.52, 2)


def test_beta_parameter():
    # test for when beta passed to
    # homogeneity_completeness_v_measure
    # and v_measure_score
    beta_test = 0.2
    h_test = 0.67
    c_test = 0.42
    v_test = (1 + beta_test) * h_test * c_test / (beta_test * h_test + c_test)

    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure(
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2], beta=beta_test
    )
    assert_almost_equal(h, h_test, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, c_test, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, v_test, 2)

    v = v_measure_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2], beta=beta_test)
    assert_almost_equal(v, v_test, 2)


def test_non_consecutive_labels():
    # regression tests for labels with gaps
    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure([0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(h, 0.67, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, 0.42, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, 0.52, 2)

    h, c, v = homogeneity_completeness_v_measure([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 4, 0, 4, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(h, 0.67, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(c, 0.42, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(v, 0.52, 2)

    ari_1 = adjusted_rand_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2])
    ari_2 = adjusted_rand_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 4, 0, 4, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(ari_1, 0.24, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(ari_2, 0.24, 2)

    ri_1 = rand_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2])
    ri_2 = rand_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 4, 0, 4, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(ri_1, 0.66, 2)
    assert_almost_equal(ri_2, 0.66, 2)


def uniform_labelings_scores(score_func, n_samples, k_range, n_runs=10, seed=42):
    # Compute score for random uniform cluster labelings
    random_labels = np.random.RandomState(seed).randint
    scores = np.zeros((len(k_range), n_runs))
    for i, k in enumerate(k_range):
        for j in range(n_runs):
            labels_a = random_labels(low=0, high=k, size=n_samples)
            labels_b = random_labels(low=0, high=k, size=n_samples)
            scores[i, j] = score_func(labels_a, labels_b)
    return scores


def test_adjustment_for_chance():
    # Check that adjusted scores are almost zero on random labels
    n_clusters_range = [2, 10, 50, 90]
    n_samples = 100
    n_runs = 10

    scores = uniform_labelings_scores(
        adjusted_rand_score, n_samples, n_clusters_range, n_runs
    )

    max_abs_scores = np.abs(scores).max(axis=1)
    assert_array_almost_equal(max_abs_scores, [0.02, 0.03, 0.03, 0.02], 2)


def test_adjusted_mutual_info_score():
    # Compute the Adjusted Mutual Information and test against known values
    labels_a = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3])
    labels_b = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2])
    # Mutual information
    mi = mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b)
    assert_almost_equal(mi, 0.41022, 5)
    # with provided sparse contingency
    C = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b, sparse=True)
    mi = mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b, contingency=C)
    assert_almost_equal(mi, 0.41022, 5)
    # with provided dense contingency
    C = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b)
    mi = mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b, contingency=C)
    assert_almost_equal(mi, 0.41022, 5)
    # Expected mutual information
    n_samples = C.sum()
    emi = expected_mutual_information(C, n_samples)
    assert_almost_equal(emi, 0.15042, 5)
    # Adjusted mutual information
    ami = adjusted_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b)
    assert_almost_equal(ami, 0.27821, 5)
    ami = adjusted_mutual_info_score([1, 1, 2, 2], [2, 2, 3, 3])
    assert ami == pytest.approx(1.0)
    # Test with a very large array
    a110 = np.array([list(labels_a) * 110]).flatten()
    b110 = np.array([list(labels_b) * 110]).flatten()
    ami = adjusted_mutual_info_score(a110, b110)
    assert_almost_equal(ami, 0.38, 2)


def test_expected_mutual_info_overflow():
    # Test for regression where contingency cell exceeds 2**16
    # leading to overflow in np.outer, resulting in EMI > 1
    assert expected_mutual_information(np.array([[70000]]), 70000) <= 1


def test_int_overflow_mutual_info_fowlkes_mallows_score():
    # Test overflow in mutual_info_classif and fowlkes_mallows_score
    x = np.array(
        [1] * (52632 + 2529)
        + [2] * (14660 + 793)
        + [3] * (3271 + 204)
        + [4] * (814 + 39)
        + [5] * (316 + 20)
    )
    y = np.array(
        [0] * 52632
        + [1] * 2529
        + [0] * 14660
        + [1] * 793
        + [0] * 3271
        + [1] * 204
        + [0] * 814
        + [1] * 39
        + [0] * 316
        + [1] * 20
    )

    assert_all_finite(mutual_info_score(x, y))
    assert_all_finite(fowlkes_mallows_score(x, y))


def test_entropy():
    assert_almost_equal(entropy([0, 0, 42.0]), 0.6365141, 5)
    assert_almost_equal(entropy([]), 1)
    assert entropy([1, 1, 1, 1]) == 0


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "array_namespace, device, dtype_name",
    yield_namespace_device_dtype_combinations(),
    ids=_get_namespace_device_dtype_ids,
)
def test_entropy_array_api(array_namespace, device, dtype_name):
    xp = _array_api_for_tests(array_namespace, device)
    float_labels = xp.asarray(np.asarray([0, 0, 42.0], dtype=dtype_name), device=device)
    empty_int32_labels = xp.asarray([], dtype=xp.int32, device=device)
    int_labels = xp.asarray([1, 1, 1, 1], device=device)
    with config_context(array_api_dispatch=True):
        assert entropy(float_labels) == pytest.approx(0.6365141, abs=1e-5)
        assert entropy(empty_int32_labels) == 1
        assert entropy(int_labels) == 0


def test_contingency_matrix():
    labels_a = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3])
    labels_b = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2])
    C = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b)
    C2 = np.histogram2d(labels_a, labels_b, bins=(np.arange(1, 5), np.arange(1, 5)))[0]
    assert_array_almost_equal(C, C2)
    C = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b, eps=0.1)
    assert_array_almost_equal(C, C2 + 0.1)


def test_contingency_matrix_sparse():
    labels_a = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3])
    labels_b = np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2])
    C = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b)
    C_sparse = contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b, sparse=True).toarray()
    assert_array_almost_equal(C, C_sparse)
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Cannot set 'eps' when sparse=True"):
        contingency_matrix(labels_a, labels_b, eps=1e-10, sparse=True)


def test_exactly_zero_info_score():
    # Check numerical stability when information is exactly zero
    for i in np.logspace(1, 4, 4).astype(int):
        labels_a, labels_b = (np.ones(i, dtype=int), np.arange(i, dtype=int))
        assert normalized_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b) == pytest.approx(0.0)
        assert v_measure_score(labels_a, labels_b) == pytest.approx(0.0)
        assert adjusted_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b) == 0.0
        assert normalized_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b) == pytest.approx(0.0)
        for method in ["min", "geometric", "arithmetic", "max"]:
            assert (
                adjusted_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b, average_method=method)
                == 0.0
            )
            assert normalized_mutual_info_score(
                labels_a, labels_b, average_method=method
            ) == pytest.approx(0.0)


def test_v_measure_and_mutual_information(seed=36):
    # Check relation between v_measure, entropy and mutual information
    for i in np.logspace(1, 4, 4).astype(int):
        random_state = np.random.RandomState(seed)
        labels_a, labels_b = (
            random_state.randint(0, 10, i),
            random_state.randint(0, 10, i),
        )
        assert_almost_equal(
            v_measure_score(labels_a, labels_b),
            2.0
            * mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b)
            / (entropy(labels_a) + entropy(labels_b)),
            0,
        )
        avg = "arithmetic"
        assert_almost_equal(
            v_measure_score(labels_a, labels_b),
            normalized_mutual_info_score(labels_a, labels_b, average_method=avg),
        )


def test_fowlkes_mallows_score():
    # General case
    score = fowlkes_mallows_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2])
    assert_almost_equal(score, 4.0 / np.sqrt(12.0 * 6.0))

    # Perfect match but where the label names changed
    perfect_score = fowlkes_mallows_score([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0])
    assert_almost_equal(perfect_score, 1.0)

    # Worst case
    worst_score = fowlkes_mallows_score([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
    assert_almost_equal(worst_score, 0.0)


def test_fowlkes_mallows_score_properties():
    # handcrafted example
    labels_a = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2])
    labels_b = np.array([1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0])
    expected = 1.0 / np.sqrt((1.0 + 3.0) * (1.0 + 2.0))
    # FMI = TP / sqrt((TP + FP) * (TP + FN))

    score_original = fowlkes_mallows_score(labels_a, labels_b)
    assert_almost_equal(score_original, expected)

    # symmetric property
    score_symmetric = fowlkes_mallows_score(labels_b, labels_a)
    assert_almost_equal(score_symmetric, expected)

    # permutation property
    score_permuted = fowlkes_mallows_score((labels_a + 1) % 3, labels_b)
    assert_almost_equal(score_permuted, expected)

    # symmetric and permutation(both together)
    score_both = fowlkes_mallows_score(labels_b, (labels_a + 2) % 3)
    assert_almost_equal(score_both, expected)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "labels_true, labels_pred",
    [
        (["a"] * 6, [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]),
        ([1] * 6, [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]),
        ([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], ["a"] * 6),
        ([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], [1] * 6),
        (["a"] * 6, ["a"] * 6),
    ],
)
def test_mutual_info_score_positive_constant_label(labels_true, labels_pred):
    # Check that MI = 0 when one or both labelling are constant
    # non-regression test for #16355
    assert mutual_info_score(labels_true, labels_pred) == 0


def test_check_clustering_error():
    # Test warning message for continuous values
    rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
    noise = rng.rand(500)
    wavelength = np.linspace(0.01, 1, 500) * 1e-6
    msg = (
        "Clustering metrics expects discrete values but received "
        "continuous values for label, and continuous values for "
        "target"
    )

    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
        check_clusterings(wavelength, noise)


def test_pair_confusion_matrix_fully_dispersed():
    # edge case: every element is its own cluster
    N = 100
    clustering1 = list(range(N))
    clustering2 = clustering1
    expected = np.array([[N * (N - 1), 0], [0, 0]])
    assert_array_equal(pair_confusion_matrix(clustering1, clustering2), expected)


def test_pair_confusion_matrix_single_cluster():
    # edge case: only one cluster
    N = 100
    clustering1 = np.zeros((N,))
    clustering2 = clustering1
    expected = np.array([[0, 0], [0, N * (N - 1)]])
    assert_array_equal(pair_confusion_matrix(clustering1, clustering2), expected)


def test_pair_confusion_matrix():
    # regular case: different non-trivial clusterings
    n = 10
    N = n**2
    clustering1 = np.hstack([[i + 1] * n for i in range(n)])
    clustering2 = np.hstack([[i + 1] * (n + 1) for i in range(n)])[:N]
    # basic quadratic implementation
    expected = np.zeros(shape=(2, 2), dtype=np.int64)
    for i in range(len(clustering1)):
        for j in range(len(clustering2)):
            if i != j:
                same_cluster_1 = int(clustering1[i] == clustering1[j])
                same_cluster_2 = int(clustering2[i] == clustering2[j])
                expected[same_cluster_1, same_cluster_2] += 1
    assert_array_equal(pair_confusion_matrix(clustering1, clustering2), expected)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "clustering1, clustering2",
    [(list(range(100)), list(range(100))), (np.zeros((100,)), np.zeros((100,)))],
)
def test_rand_score_edge_cases(clustering1, clustering2):
    # edge case 1: every element is its own cluster
    # edge case 2: only one cluster
    assert_allclose(rand_score(clustering1, clustering2), 1.0)


def test_rand_score():
    # regular case: different non-trivial clusterings
    clustering1 = [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
    clustering2 = [0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2]
    # pair confusion matrix
    D11 = 2 * 2  # ordered pairs (1, 3), (5, 6)
    D10 = 2 * 4  # ordered pairs (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5), (4, 6)
    D01 = 2 * 1  # ordered pair (2, 4)
    D00 = 5 * 6 - D11 - D01 - D10  # the remaining pairs
    # rand score
    expected_numerator = D00 + D11
    expected_denominator = D00 + D01 + D10 + D11
    expected = expected_numerator / expected_denominator
    assert_allclose(rand_score(clustering1, clustering2), expected)


def test_adjusted_rand_score_overflow():
    """Check that large amount of data will not lead to overflow in
    `adjusted_rand_score`.
    Non-regression test for:
    https://github.com/chenxingqiang/jax-sklearn/issues/20305
    """
    rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
    y_true = rng.randint(0, 2, 100_000, dtype=np.int8)
    y_pred = rng.randint(0, 2, 100_000, dtype=np.int8)
    with warnings.catch_warnings():
        warnings.simplefilter("error", RuntimeWarning)
        adjusted_rand_score(y_true, y_pred)


@pytest.mark.parametrize("average_method", ["min", "arithmetic", "geometric", "max"])
def test_normalized_mutual_info_score_bounded(average_method):
    """Check that nmi returns a score between 0 (included) and 1 (excluded
    for non-perfect match)

    Non-regression test for issue #13836
    """
    labels1 = [0] * 469
    labels2 = [1] + labels1[1:]
    labels3 = [0, 1] + labels1[2:]

    # labels1 is constant. The mutual info between labels1 and any other labelling is 0.
    nmi = normalized_mutual_info_score(labels1, labels2, average_method=average_method)
    assert nmi == 0

    # non constant, non perfect matching labels
    nmi = normalized_mutual_info_score(labels2, labels3, average_method=average_method)
    assert 0 <= nmi < 1


# TODO(1.9): remove
@pytest.mark.parametrize("sparse", [True, False])
def test_fowlkes_mallows_sparse_deprecated(sparse):
    """Check deprecation warning for 'sparse' parameter of fowlkes_mallows_score."""
    with pytest.warns(
        FutureWarning, match="The 'sparse' parameter was deprecated in 1.7"
    ):
        fowlkes_mallows_score([0, 1], [1, 1], sparse=sparse)
