/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019-2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Licensed under the MIT License.
 */

#ifndef _SPTAG_COMMON_CUDA_GPUKNN_DISTANCE_H_
#define _SPTAG_COMMON_CUDA_GPUKNN_DISTANCE_H_

#include<cuda.h>
#include<cstdint>
#include<vector>
#include<climits>
#include<float.h>
#include<unordered_set>

#include "inc/Core/VectorIndex.h"

using namespace std;

using namespace SPTAG;

// Templated infinity value
/*********************************************************************
* Object representing a Dim-dimensional point, with each coordinate
* represented by a element of datatype T
* NOTE: Dim must be templated so that we can store coordinate values in registers
*********************************************************************/
template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
class Point {
public:
    int id;
    T coords[Dim];

    __host__ void load(vector<T> data) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; i++) {
            coords[i] = data[i];
        }
    }

    __host__ __device__ void loadChunk(T* data, int exact_dim) {
        for (int i = 0; i < exact_dim; i++) {
            coords[i] = data[i];
        }
        for (int i = exact_dim; i < Dim; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
        }
    }

    __host__ __device__ Point& operator=(const Point& other) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; i++) {
            coords[i] = other.coords[i];
        }
        id = other.id;
        return *this;
    }

    __host__ __device__ Point& operator>(const Point& other) {
        return id > other.id;
    }

    // Computes euclidean dist.  Uses 2 registers to increase pipeline efficiency and ILP
    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE total[2] = { 0,0 };

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; i += 2) {
            total[0] += (coords[i] - other->coords[i]) * (coords[i] - other->coords[i]);
            total[1] += (coords[i + 1] - other->coords[i + 1]) * (coords[i + 1] - other->coords[i + 1]);
        }
        return total[0] + total[1];
    }

    __device__ SUMTYPE l2_block(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE total = 0;
        __shared__ SUMTYPE final_val;
        final_val = 0;
        __syncthreads();

        for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < Dim; i += blockDim.x) {
            total += (coords[i] - other->coords[i]) * (coords[i] - other->coords[i]);
        }
        atomicAdd(&final_val, total);
        __syncthreads();
        return final_val;
    }


    // Computes Cosine dist.  Uses 2 registers to increase pipeline efficiency and ILP
    // Assumes coordinates are normalized so each vector is of unit length.  This lets us
    // perform a dot-product instead of the full cosine distance computation.
  //  __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<T,SUMTYPE,Dim>* other, bool test) {return NULL;}
    __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE total[2] = { 0,0 };

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; i += 2) {
            total[0] += ((SUMTYPE)((SUMTYPE)coords[i] * (SUMTYPE)other->coords[i]));
            total[1] += ((SUMTYPE)((SUMTYPE)coords[i + 1] * (SUMTYPE)other->coords[i + 1]));
        }
        return (SUMTYPE)Dim - (total[0] + total[1]);
    }

    __forceinline__ __device__ SUMTYPE dist(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other, int metric) {
        if (metric == 0) return l2(other);
        else return cosine(other);
    }

};

// Less-than operator between two points.
template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ __device__ bool operator<(const Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>& first, const Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>& other) {
    return first.id < other.id;
}


// Specialized version of Point structure for 1-byte datatype (int8)
// Packs coordinates into Dim/4 total integer values, and functions un-pack as needed
template<typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
class Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim> {
public:
    int id;
    uint32_t coords[Dim / 4];

    __host__ void load(vector<uint8_t> data) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                coords[i] += (data[i * 4 + j] << (j * 8));
            }
        }
    }

    __host__ __device__ void loadChunk(uint8_t* data, int exact_dims) {
        for (int i = 0; i < exact_dims / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                coords[i] += (data[i * 4 + j] << (j * 8));
            }
        }
        for (int i = exact_dims / 4; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
        }
    }

    __host__ __device__ Point& operator=(const Point& other) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = other.coords[i];
        }
        id = other.id;
        return *this;
    }

    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2_block(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) { return 0; }
    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {

        SUMTYPE totals[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
        SUMTYPE temp[4];
        SUMTYPE temp_other[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            temp[0] = (coords[i] & 0x000000FF);
            temp_other[0] = (other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);

            temp[1] = (coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
            temp_other[1] = (other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;

            temp[2] = (coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
            temp_other[2] = (other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;

            temp[3] = (coords[i]) >> 24;
            temp_other[3] = (other->coords[i]) >> 24;

            totals[0] += (temp[0] - temp_other[0]) * (temp[0] - temp_other[0]);
            totals[1] += (temp[1] - temp_other[1]) * (temp[1] - temp_other[1]);
            totals[2] += (temp[2] - temp_other[2]) * (temp[2] - temp_other[2]);
            totals[3] += (temp[3] - temp_other[3]) * (temp[3] - temp_other[3]);
        }
        return totals[0] + totals[1] + totals[2] + totals[3];
    }

#if __CUDA_ARCH__ > 610  // Use intrinsics if available for GPU being compiled for

    // With int8 datatype, values are packed into integers so they need to be
    // unpacked while computing distance
    __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        uint32_t prod = 0;
        uint32_t src = 0;
        uint32_t target = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            src = coords[i];
            target = other->coords[i];
            prod = __dp4a(src, target, prod);
        }

        return ((SUMTYPE)65536) - prod;
    }

#else
    __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE prod[4];
        prod[0] = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            prod[0] += (coords[i] & 0x000000FF) * (other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);
            prod[1] = ((coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8) * ((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            prod[2] = ((coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16) * ((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            prod[3] = ((coords[i]) >> 24) * ((other->coords[i]) >> 24);

            prod[0] += prod[1] + prod[2] + prod[3];
        }

        return ((SUMTYPE)65536) - prod[0];
    }
#endif

    __forceinline__ __device__ SUMTYPE dist(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other, int metric) {
        if (metric == 0) return l2(other);
        else return cosine(other);
    }

};

// Specialized version of Point structure for SIGNED 1-byte datatype (int8)
// Packs coordinates into Dim/4 total integer values, and functions un-pack as needed
template<typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
class Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim> {
public:
    int id;
    uint32_t coords[Dim / 4];

    __host__ void load(vector<int8_t> data) {

        uint8_t* test = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(data.data());
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                coords[i] += ((test[i * 4 + j]) << (j * 8));
            }
        }
    }

    __host__ __device__ void loadChunk(int8_t* data, int exact_dims) {

        uint8_t* test = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(data);
        for (int i = 0; i < exact_dims / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                coords[i] += (test[i * 4 + j] << (j * 8));
            }
        }
        for (int i = exact_dims / 4; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = 0;
        }
    }

    __host__ int8_t getVal(int idx) {
        if (idx % 4 == 0) {
            return (int8_t)(coords[idx / 4] & 0x000000FF);
        }
        else if (idx % 4 == 1) {
            return (int8_t)((coords[idx / 4] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
        }
        else if (idx % 4 == 2) {
            return (int8_t)((coords[idx / 4] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
        }
        else if (idx % 4 == 3) {
            return (int8_t)((coords[idx / 4]) >> 24);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    __host__ __device__ Point& operator=(const Point& other) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            coords[i] = other.coords[i];
        }
        id = other.id;
        return *this;
    }
    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2_block(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) { return 0; }
    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {

        SUMTYPE totals[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
        int32_t temp[4];
        int32_t temp_other[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            temp[0] = (int8_t)(coords[i] & 0x000000FF);
            temp_other[0] = (int8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);

            temp[1] = (int8_t)((coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            temp_other[1] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);

            temp[2] = (int8_t)((coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            temp_other[2] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);

            temp[3] = (int8_t)((coords[i]) >> 24);
            temp_other[3] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24);

            totals[0] += (temp[0] - temp_other[0]) * (temp[0] - temp_other[0]);
            totals[1] += (temp[1] - temp_other[1]) * (temp[1] - temp_other[1]);
            totals[2] += (temp[2] - temp_other[2]) * (temp[2] - temp_other[2]);
            totals[3] += (temp[3] - temp_other[3]) * (temp[3] - temp_other[3]);
        }
        return totals[0] + totals[1] + totals[2] + totals[3];
    }


#if __CUDA_ARCH__ > 610  // Use intrinsics if available for GPU being compiled for
    // With int8 datatype, values are packed into integers so they need to be
    // unpacked while computing distance
    __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        int32_t prod = 0;
        int32_t src = 0;
        int32_t target = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            src = coords[i];
            target = other->coords[i];
            prod = __dp4a(src, target, prod);
        }

        return ((SUMTYPE)16384) - (SUMTYPE)prod;
    }

#else
    __device__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE prod[4];
        prod[0] = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            prod[0] += ((int8_t)(coords[i] & 0x000000FF)) * ((int8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF));
            prod[1] = ((int8_t)((coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8));
            prod[2] = ((int8_t)((coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16));
            prod[3] = ((int8_t)((coords[i]) >> 24)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24));
            prod[0] += prod[1] + prod[2] + prod[3];
        }

        return ((SUMTYPE)1) - prod[0];
    }
#endif

    __forceinline__ __device__ SUMTYPE dist(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other, int metric) {
        if (metric == 0) return l2(other);
        else return cosine(other);
    }

};

/*********************************************************************
 * Create an array of Point structures out of an input array
 ********************************************************************/
template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* convertMatrix(T* data, size_t rows, int exact_dim) {
    Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* pointArray = (Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>*)malloc(rows * sizeof(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        pointArray[i].loadChunk(&data[i * exact_dim], exact_dim);
    }
    return pointArray;
}

template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* convertMatrix(SPTAG::VectorIndex* index, size_t rows, int exact_dim) {
    Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* pointArray = (Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>*)malloc(rows * sizeof(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>));

    T* data;

    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        data = (T*)index->GetSample(i);
        pointArray[i].loadChunk(data, exact_dim);
    }
    return pointArray;
}

template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ void extractHeadPoints(T* data, Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* headPoints, size_t totalRows, std::unordered_set<int> headVectorIDS, int exact_dim) {
    int headIdx = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < totalRows; i++) {
        if (headVectorIDS.count(i) != 0) {
            headPoints[headIdx].loadChunk(&data[i * exact_dim], exact_dim);
            headPoints[headIdx].id = i;
            headIdx++;
        }
    }
}

template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ void extractTailPoints(T* data, Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* tailPoints, int totalRows, std::unordered_set<int> headVectorIDS, int exact_dim) {
    int tailIdx = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < totalRows; i++) {
        if (headVectorIDS.count(i) == 0) {
            tailPoints[tailIdx].loadChunk(&data[i * exact_dim], exact_dim);
            tailPoints[tailIdx].id = i;
            tailIdx++;
        }
    }
}

template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ void extractFullVectorPoints(T* data, Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* tailPoints, size_t totalRows, int exact_dim) {

    for (size_t i = 0; i < totalRows; ++i) {
        tailPoints[i].loadChunk(&data[i * exact_dim], exact_dim);
        tailPoints[i].id = i;
    }
}

template<typename T, typename SUMTYPE, int Dim>
__host__ void extractHeadPointsFromIndex(T* data, SPTAG::VectorIndex* headIndex, Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* headPoints, int exact_dim) {
    size_t headRows = headIndex->GetNumSamples();

    for (size_t i = 0; i < headRows; ++i) {
        headPoints[i].loadChunk((T*)headIndex->GetSample(i), exact_dim);
        headPoints[i].id = i;
    }
}

/************************************************************************
 * Wrapper around shared memory holding transposed points to avoid
 * bank conflicts.
 ************************************************************************/
template<typename T, int Dim, int Stride, typename SUMTYPE>
class TransposePoint {
public:
    T* dataPtr;

    __device__ void setMem(T* ptr) {
        dataPtr = ptr;
    }

    // Load regular point into memory transposed
    __device__ void loadPoint(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim> p) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; i++) {
            dataPtr[i * Stride] = p.coords[i];
        }
    }

    // Return the idx-th coordinate of the transposed vector
    __forceinline__ __device__ T getCoord(int idx) {
        return dataPtr[idx * Stride];
    }

    /******************************************************************************************
    * Main L2 distance metric used by approx-KNN application.
    ******************************************************************************************/
    __forceinline__ __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<T, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE total = 0;
#pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; ++i) {
            total += ((getCoord(i) - other->coords[i]) * (getCoord(i) - other->coords[i]));
        }

        return total;
    }

    /******************************************************************************************
    * Cosine distance metric comparison operation.  Requires that the SUMTYPE is floating point,
    * regardless of the datatype T, because it requires squareroot.
    ******************************************************************************************/
    __forceinline__ __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point < T, SUMTYPE, Dim >* other) {
        SUMTYPE prod = 0;
        SUMTYPE a = 0;
        SUMTYPE b = 0;
#pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim; ++i) {
            a += getCoord(i) * getCoord(i);
            b += other->coords[i] * other->coords[i];
            prod += getCoord(i) * other->coords[i];
        }

        return 1 - (prod / (sqrt(a * b)));
    }
};

template<int Dim, int Stride, typename SUMTYPE>
class TransposePoint<int8_t, Dim, Stride, SUMTYPE> {
public:
    uint32_t* dataPtr;

    __device__ void setMem(void* ptr) {
        dataPtr = reinterpret_cast <uint32_t*>(ptr);
    }

    // Load regular point into memory transposed
    __device__ void loadPoint(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim> p) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            dataPtr[i * Stride] = p.coords[i];
        }
    }

    // Return the idx-th coordinate of the transposed vector
    __forceinline__ __device__ uint32_t getCoord(int idx) {
        return dataPtr[idx * Stride];
    }

    __forceinline__ __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {

        SUMTYPE totals[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
        int32_t temp[4];
        int32_t temp_other[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            temp[0] = (int8_t)(getCoord(i) & 0x000000FF);
            temp_other[0] = (int8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);

            temp[1] = (int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            temp_other[1] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);

            temp[2] = (int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            temp_other[2] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);

            temp[3] = (int8_t)((getCoord(i)) >> 24);
            temp_other[3] = (int8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24);

            totals[0] += (temp[0] - temp_other[0]) * (temp[0] - temp_other[0]);
            totals[1] += (temp[1] - temp_other[1]) * (temp[1] - temp_other[1]);
            totals[2] += (temp[2] - temp_other[2]) * (temp[2] - temp_other[2]);
            totals[3] += (temp[3] - temp_other[3]) * (temp[3] - temp_other[3]);
        }
        return totals[0] + totals[1] + totals[2] + totals[3];
    }

    __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<int8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE prod[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
        int8_t temp[4];
        int8_t temp_other[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            temp[0] = ((int8_t)(getCoord(i) & 0x000000FF));
            temp_other[0] = ((int8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF));

            temp[1] = ((int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x0000FF00) >> 8));
            temp_other[1] = ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8));

            temp[2] = ((int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x00FF0000) >> 16));
            temp_other[2] = ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16));

            temp[3] = ((int8_t)((getCoord(i)) >> 24));
            temp_other[3] = ((int8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24));

            prod[0] += temp[0] * temp_other[0];
            prod[1] += temp[1] * temp_other[1];
            prod[2] += temp[2] * temp_other[2];
            prod[3] += temp[3] * temp_other[3];
            //prod[0] += ((int8_t)(getCoord(i) & 0x000000FF)) * ((int8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF));
            //prod[1] += ((int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x0000FF00) >> 8)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8));
            //prod[2] += ((int8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x00FF0000) >> 16)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16));
            //prod[3] += ((int8_t)((getCoord(i)) >> 24)) * ((int8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24));

            //prod[0] += prod[1] + prod[2] + prod[3];
        }
        return ((SUMTYPE)65536) - prod[0] - prod[1] - prod[2] - prod[3];
    }
};

template<int Dim, int Stride, typename SUMTYPE>
class TransposePoint<uint8_t, Dim, Stride, SUMTYPE> {
public:
    uint32_t* dataPtr;

    __device__ void setMem(void* ptr) {
        dataPtr = reinterpret_cast <uint32_t*>(ptr);
    }

    // Load regular point into memory transposed
    __device__ void loadPoint(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim> p) {
        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; i++) {
            dataPtr[i * Stride] = p.coords[i];
        }
    }

    // Return the idx-th coordinate of the transposed vector
    __forceinline__ __device__ uint32_t getCoord(int idx) {
        return dataPtr[idx * Stride];
    }

    __forceinline__ __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE l2(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {

        SUMTYPE totals[4] = { 0,0,0,0 };
        int32_t temp[4];
        int32_t temp_other[4];

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            temp[0] = (uint8_t)(getCoord(i) & 0x000000FF);
            temp_other[0] = (uint8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);

            temp[1] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            temp_other[1] = (uint8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);

            temp[2] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            temp_other[2] = (uint8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);

            temp[3] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i)) >> 24);
            temp_other[3] = (uint8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24);

            totals[0] += (temp[0] - temp_other[0]) * (temp[0] - temp_other[0]);
            totals[1] += (temp[1] - temp_other[1]) * (temp[1] - temp_other[1]);
            totals[2] += (temp[2] - temp_other[2]) * (temp[2] - temp_other[2]);
            totals[3] += (temp[3] - temp_other[3]) * (temp[3] - temp_other[3]);
        }
        return totals[0] + totals[1] + totals[2] + totals[3];
    }

    __forceinline__ __device__ __host__ SUMTYPE cosine(Point<uint8_t, SUMTYPE, Dim>* other) {
        SUMTYPE prod[4];
        prod[0] = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < Dim / 4; ++i) {
            prod[0] += (uint8_t)(getCoord(i) & 0x000000FF) * (uint8_t)(other->coords[i] & 0x000000FF);
            prod[1] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x0000FF00) >> 8) * (uint8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            prod[2] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i) & 0x00FF0000) >> 16) * (uint8_t)((other->coords[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            prod[3] = (uint8_t)((getCoord(i)) >> 24) * (uint8_t)((other->coords[i]) >> 24);

            prod[0] += prod[1] + prod[2] + prod[3];
        }

        return ((SUMTYPE)65536) - prod[0];
    }
};
#endif
