# src/ipsumheroes/resources/topic_data.py

# TODO: turn this into a json file ???
WORDS = {
    "exercitationem",
    "perferendis",
    "perspiciatis",
    "laborum",
    "eveniet",
    "sunt",
    "iure",
    "nam",
    "nobis",
    "eum",
    "cum",
    "officiis",
    "excepturi",
    "odio",
    "consectetur",
    "quasi",
    "aut",
    "quisquam",
    "vel",
    "eligendi",
    "itaque",
    "non",
    "odit",
    "tempore",
    "quaerat",
    "dignissimos",
    "facilis",
    "neque",
    "nihil",
    "expedita",
    "vitae",
    "vero",
    "ipsum",
    "nisi",
    "animi",
    "cumque",
    "pariatur",
    "velit",
    "modi",
    "natus",
    "iusto",
    "eaque",
    "sequi",
    "illo",
    "sed",
    "ex",
    "et",
    "voluptatibus",
    "tempora",
    "veritatis",
    "ratione",
    "assumenda",
    "incidunt",
    "nostrum",
    "placeat",
    "aliquid",
    "fuga",
    "provident",
    "praesentium",
    "rem",
    "necessitatibus",
    "suscipit",
    "adipisci",
    "quidem",
    "possimus",
    "voluptas",
    "debitis",
    "sint",
    "accusantium",
    "unde",
    "sapiente",
    "voluptate",
    "qui",
    "aspernatur",
    "laudantium",
    "soluta",
    "amet",
    "quo",
    "aliquam",
    "saepe",
    "culpa",
    "libero",
    "ipsa",
    "dicta",
    "reiciendis",
    "nesciunt",
    "doloribus",
    "autem",
    "impedit",
    "minima",
    "maiores",
    "repudiandae",
    "ipsam",
    "obcaecati",
    "ullam",
    "enim",
    "totam",
    "delectus",
    "ducimus",
    "quis",
    "voluptates",
    "dolores",
    "molestiae",
    "harum",
    "dolorem",
    "quia",
    "voluptatem",
    "molestias",
    "magni",
    "distinctio",
    "omnis",
    "illum",
    "dolorum",
    "voluptatum",
    "ea",
    "quas",
    "quam",
    "corporis",
    "quae",
    "blanditiis",
    "atque",
    "deserunt",
    "laboriosam",
    "earum",
    "consequuntur",
    "hic",
    "cupiditate",
    "quibusdam",
    "accusamus",
    "ut",
    "rerum",
    "error",
    "minus",
    "eius",
    "ab",
    "ad",
    "nemo",
    "fugit",
    "officia",
    "at",
    "in",
    "id",
    "quos",
    "reprehenderit",
    "numquam",
    "iste",
    "fugiat",
    "sit",
    "inventore",
    "beatae",
    "repellendus",
    "magnam",
    "recusandae",
    "quod",
    "explicabo",
    "doloremque",
    "aperiam",
    "consequatur",
    "asperiores",
    "commodi",
    "optio",
    "dolor",
    "labore",
    "temporibus",
    "repellat",
    "veniam",
    "architecto",
    "est",
    "esse",
    "mollitia",
    "nulla",
    "a",
    "similique",
    "eos",
    "alias",
    "dolore",
    "tenetur",
    "deleniti",
    "porro",
    "facere",
    "maxime",
    "corrupti",
}

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# (name, role, biggest achievement, region of adulthood, birth–death years, age)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SCIENCE_EN = [
    (
        "Isaac Newton",
        "Physicist and mathematician",
        "Advanced optics theory",
        "England",
        "1643 - 1727",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Albert Einstein",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Philosophy of science",
        "Germany/USA",
        "1879 - 1955",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Physicist and chemist",
        "Discovery of polonium",
        "Poland/France",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Galileo Galilei",
        "Astronomer and physicist",
        "Refined the telescope",
        "Italy",
        "1564 - 1642",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Naturalist and biologist",
        "Botanical observations",
        "England",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Inventor and engineer",
        "Wireless energy ideas",
        "Serbia/USA",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Leonardo da Vinci",
        "Artist and scientist",
        "Engineering sketches",
        "Italy",
        "1452 - 1519",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Science communication",
        "England",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Johannes Kepler",
        "Astronomer and mathematician",
        "Work on optics",
        "Germany",
        "1571 - 1630",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Physicist",
        "Color photography",
        "Scotland",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Dmitri Mendeleev",
        "Chemist",
        "Developed periodic table",
        "Russia",
        "1834 - 1907",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Michael Faraday",
        "Experimental physicist",
        "Electrochemistry",
        "England",
        "1791 - 1867",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Louis Pasteur",
        "Microbiologist and chemist",
        "Vaccination",
        "France",
        "1822 - 1895",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Ada Lovelace",
        "Mathematician and writer",
        "Early computing ideas",
        "England",
        "1815 - 1852",
        37,
    ),
    ("Carl Linnaeus", "Botanist", "Classification system", "Sweden", "1707 - 1778", 71),
    (
        "Aristotle",
        "Philosopher and scientist",
        "Natural history work",
        "Greece",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Physics lectures",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    ("Max Planck", "Physicist", "Scientific ethics", "Germany", "1858 - 1947", 89),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Physicist", "Quantum philosophy", "Denmark", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Chemist and X-ray crystallographer",
        "Virus structure",
        "England",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    ("Emmy Noether", "Mathematician", "Physics symmetry", "Germany", "1882 - 1935", 53),
    (
        "Gregor Mendel",
        "Geneticist and monk",
        "Botany studies",
        "Austria",
        "1822 - 1884",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Physicist",
        "Nuclear physics work",
        "Austria/Sweden",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Werner Heisenberg",
        "Physicist",
        "Quantum mechanics",
        "Germany",
        "1901 - 1976",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Erwin Schrödinger",
        "Physicist",
        "Philosophy of biology",
        "Austria",
        "1887 - 1961",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Enrico Fermi",
        "Physicist",
        "Created nuclear reactor",
        "Italy/USA",
        "1901 - 1954",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Jocelyn Bell Burnell",
        "Astrophysicist",
        "Pulsar discovery",
        "Northern Ireland",
        "1943 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rachel Carson",
        "Biologist and writer",
        "Environmentalism",
        "USA",
        "1907 - 1964",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Molecular biologist",
        "Consciousness studies",
        "England",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    ("James Watson", "Molecular biologist", "DNA model", "USA", "1928 - None", None),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Mathematician",
        "Space navigation",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "John von Neumann",
        "Mathematician and physicist",
        "Game theory",
        "Hungary/USA",
        "1903 - 1957",
        54,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Mathematician and cryptanalyst",
        "AI theory",
        "England",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    (
        "Kurt Gödel",
        "Logician and mathematician",
        "Mathematical logic",
        "Austria/USA",
        "1906 - 1978",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "David Hilbert",
        "Mathematician",
        "Formalism philosophy",
        "Germany",
        "1862 - 1943",
        81,
    ),
    ("Carl Gauss", "Mathematician", "Geodesy", "Germany", "1777 - 1855", 78),
    ("Euclid", "Mathematician", "Foundations of geometry", "Greece", "-300 - ", None),
    (
        "Leonhard Euler",
        "Mathematician",
        "Graph theory",
        "Switzerland",
        "1707 - 1783",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Pierre de Fermat",
        "Mathematician",
        "Fermat's last theorem",
        "France",
        "1607 - 1665",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "Blaise Pascal",
        "Mathematician and physicist",
        "Pascal's triangle",
        "France",
        "1623 - 1662",
        39,
    ),
    (
        "Joseph Fourier",
        "Mathematician and physicist",
        "Fourier analysis",
        "France",
        "1768 - 1830",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "André-Marie Ampère",
        "Physicist and mathematician",
        "Ampère's law",
        "France",
        "1775 - 1836",
        61,
    ),
    ("Georg Ohm", "Physicist", "Ohm’s law", "Germany", "1789 - 1854", 65),
    ("Alessandro Volta", "Physicist", "Electric battery", "Italy", "1745 - 1827", 82),
    (
        "Hans Christian Ørsted",
        "Physicist",
        "Electromagnetism",
        "Denmark",
        "1777 - 1851",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Guglielmo Marconi",
        "Inventor",
        "Wireless telegraphy",
        "Italy",
        "1874 - 1937",
        63,
    ),
    ("Benjamin Franklin", "Polymath", "Lightning rod", "USA", "1706 - 1790", 84),
    ("Robert Hooke", "Scientist", "Micrographia", "England", "1635 - 1703", 68),
    (
        "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
        "Microscopist",
        "Observed microbes",
        "Netherlands",
        "1632 - 1723",
        91,
    ),
    (
        "Tycho Brahe",
        "Astronomer",
        "Accurate planetary data",
        "Denmark",
        "1546 - 1601",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Henrietta Swan Leavitt",
        "Astronomer",
        "Cepheid variables discovery",
        "USA",
        "1868 - 1921",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Geneticist",
        "Discovered transposons",
        "USA",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    ("André Weil", "Mathematician", "Algebraic geometry", "France", "1906 - 1998", 92),
    (
        "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar",
        "Astrophysicist",
        "White dwarf theory",
        "India/USA",
        "1910 - 1995",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Abdus Salam",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Electroweak theory",
        "Pakistan",
        "1926 - 1996",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Mary Anning",
        "Paleontologist",
        "Discovered marine fossils",
        "England",
        "1799 - 1847",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Geophysicist",
        "Continental drift theory",
        "Germany",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    ("Edward Jenner", "Physician", "Smallpox vaccine", "England", "1749 - 1823", 74),
    (
        "Chien-Shiung Wu",
        "Experimental physicist",
        "Parity violation",
        "China/USA",
        "1912 - 1997",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Henri Poincaré",
        "Mathematician and physicist",
        "Chaos theory",
        "France",
        "1854 - 1912",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "J.J. Thomson",
        "Physicist",
        "Discovered the electron",
        "England",
        "1856 - 1940",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mach",
        "Physicist and philosopher",
        "Mach number",
        "Austria",
        "1838 - 1916",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Andreas Vesalius",
        "Anatomist",
        "Modern anatomy founder",
        "Belgium",
        "1514 - 1564",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Dorothy Hodgkin",
        "Chemist",
        "X-ray crystallography",
        "England",
        "1910 - 1994",
        84,
    ),
    ("Ramanujan", "Mathematician", "Infinite series", "India", "1887 - 1920", 33),
    (
        "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck",
        "Biologist",
        "Early evolution theory",
        "France",
        "1744 - 1829",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Russel Wallace",
        "Naturalist",
        "Evolution via natural selection",
        "England",
        "1823 - 1913",
        90,
    ),
    ("Linus Pauling", "Chemist", "Chemical bonding", "USA", "1901 - 1994", 93),
    ("Otto Hahn", "Chemist", "Nuclear fission", "Germany", "1879 - 1968", 89),
    (
        "Irène Joliot-Curie",
        "Chemist",
        "Artificial radioactivity",
        "France",
        "1897 - 1956",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "J. Robert Oppenheimer",
        "Physicist",
        "Manhattan Project",
        "USA",
        "1904 - 1967",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham)",
        "Optics pioneer",
        "Light and vision",
        "Iraq",
        "965 - 1040",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zhang Heng",
        "Astronomer and engineer",
        "Seismograph invention",
        "China",
        "78 - 139",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Hypatia",
        "Philosopher and mathematician",
        "Neoplatonism",
        "Egypt",
        "360 - 415",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Aryabhata",
        "Mathematician and astronomer",
        "Place value system",
        "India",
        "476 - 550",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Émilie du Châtelet",
        "Physicist and mathematician",
        "Translated Newton",
        "France",
        "1706 - 1749",
        43,
    ),
    ("John Dalton", "Chemist", "Atomic theory", "England", "1766 - 1844", 78),
    (
        "Herman Boerhaave",
        "Physician",
        "Modern clinical teaching",
        "Netherlands",
        "1668 - 1738",
        70,
    ),
    ("Christian Doppler", "Physicist", "Doppler effect", "Austria", "1803 - 1853", 50),
    (
        "Antoine Lavoisier",
        "Chemist",
        "Law of conservation",
        "France",
        "1743 - 1794",
        51,
    ),
    ("Anders Celsius", "Astronomer", "Celsius scale", "Sweden", "1701 - 1744", 43),
    (
        "Lucretius",
        "Philosopher and poet",
        "Atomic theory ideas",
        "Italy",
        "-99 - -55",
        44,
    ),
    ("Giordano Bruno", "Philosopher", "Cosmic pluralism", "Italy", "1548 - 1600", 52),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Physicist",
        "Nuclear shell model",
        "Germany/USA",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Physicist",
        "Stellar nucleosynthesis",
        "Germany/USA",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    ("John Bardeen", "Physicist", "Transistor invention", "USA", "1908 - 1991", 83),
    (
        "Ernst Mayr",
        "Biologist",
        "Biological species concept",
        "Germany/USA",
        "1904 - 2005",
        101,
    ),
    (
        "Roger Bacon",
        "Philosopher and scientist",
        "Empirical method",
        "England",
        "1219 - 1292",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Mathematician and inventor",
        "Buoyancy principle",
        "Greece",
        "-287 - -212",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Catherine Johnson",
        "Mathematician",
        "Space calculations",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "Leó Szilárd",
        "Physicist",
        "Nuclear chain reaction",
        "Hungary/USA",
        "1898 - 1964",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Paul Dirac",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Quantum mechanics",
        "England",
        "1902 - 1984",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Freeman Dyson",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Dyson series",
        "England/USA",
        "1923 - 2020",
        97,
    ),
    (
        "Gerty Cori",
        "Biochemist",
        "Carbohydrate metabolism",
        "Czech/USA",
        "1896 - 1957",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Fleming",
        "Biologist and pharmacologist",
        "Discovered penicillin",
        "Scotland",
        "1881 - 1955",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Edward Teller",
        "Theoretical physicist",
        "Hydrogen bomb",
        "Hungary/USA",
        "1908 - 2003",
        95,
    ),
    ("Hans Geiger", "Physicist", "Geiger counter", "Germany", "1882 - 1945", 63),
    ("Max Born", "Physicist", "Quantum theory", "Germany/UK", "1882 - 1970", 88),
    ("Harriet Brooks", "Physicist", "Nuclear physics", "Canada", "1876 - 1933", 57),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Statistician and nurse",
        "Data visualization",
        "England",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
]

SCIENCE_FR = [
    (
        "Isaac Newton",
        "Physicien et mathématicien",
        "Théorie de l’optique",
        "Angleterre",
        "1643 - 1727",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Albert Einstein",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Philosophie des sciences",
        "Allemagne/États-Unis",
        "1879 - 1955",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Physicienne et chimiste",
        "Découverte du polonium",
        "Pologne/France",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Galileo Galilei",
        "Astronome et physicien",
        "Perfectionnement du télescope",
        "Italie",
        "1564 - 1642",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Naturaliste et biologiste",
        "Observations botaniques",
        "Angleterre",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Inventeur et ingénieur",
        "Énergie sans fil",
        "Serbie/États-Unis",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Leonardo da Vinci",
        "Artiste et scientifique",
        "Croquis d’ingénierie",
        "Italie",
        "1452 - 1519",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Communication scientifique",
        "Angleterre",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Johannes Kepler",
        "Astronome et mathématicien",
        "Travaux en optique",
        "Allemagne",
        "1571 - 1630",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Physicien",
        "Photographie couleur",
        "Écosse",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Dmitri Mendeleïev",
        "Chimiste",
        "Tableau périodique",
        "Russie",
        "1834 - 1907",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Michael Faraday",
        "Physicien expérimental",
        "Électrochimie",
        "Angleterre",
        "1791 - 1867",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Louis Pasteur",
        "Microbiologiste et chimiste",
        "Vaccination",
        "France",
        "1822 - 1895",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Ada Lovelace",
        "Mathématicienne et écrivaine",
        "Première programmeuse",
        "Angleterre",
        "1815 - 1852",
        37,
    ),
    (
        "Carl von Linné",
        "Botaniste",
        "Système de classification",
        "Suède",
        "1707 - 1778",
        71,
    ),
    (
        "Aristote",
        "Philosophe et scientifique",
        "Histoire naturelle",
        "Grèce",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Cours de physique",
        "États-Unis",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    ("Max Planck", "Physicien", "Éthique scientifique", "Allemagne", "1858 - 1947", 89),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Physicien", "Philosophie quantique", "Danemark", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Chimiste et cristallographe",
        "Structure virale",
        "Angleterre",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    (
        "Emmy Noether",
        "Mathématicienne",
        "Symétries en physique",
        "Allemagne",
        "1882 - 1935",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Gregor Mendel",
        "Généticien et moine",
        "Études botaniques",
        "Autriche",
        "1822 - 1884",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Physicienne",
        "Physique nucléaire",
        "Autriche/Suède",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Werner Heisenberg",
        "Physicien",
        "Mécanique quantique",
        "Allemagne",
        "1901 - 1976",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Erwin Schrödinger",
        "Physicien",
        "Philosophie biologique",
        "Autriche",
        "1887 - 1961",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Enrico Fermi",
        "Physicien",
        "Réacteur nucléaire",
        "Italie/États-Unis",
        "1901 - 1954",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Jocelyn Bell Burnell",
        "Astrophysicienne",
        "Découverte des pulsars",
        "Irlande du Nord",
        "1943 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rachel Carson",
        "Biologiste et écrivaine",
        "Écologie moderne",
        "États-Unis",
        "1907 - 1964",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Biologiste moléculaire",
        "Conscience humaine",
        "Angleterre",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    (
        "James Watson",
        "Biologiste moléculaire",
        "Structure de l’ADN",
        "États-Unis",
        "1928 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Mathématicienne",
        "Navigation spatiale",
        "États-Unis",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "John von Neumann",
        "Mathématicien et physicien",
        "Théorie des jeux",
        "Hongrie/États-Unis",
        "1903 - 1957",
        54,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Mathématicien et cryptanalyste",
        "Théorie de l’IA",
        "Angleterre",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    (
        "Kurt Gödel",
        "Logicien et mathématicien",
        "Logique mathématique",
        "Autriche/États-Unis",
        "1906 - 1978",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "David Hilbert",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Philosophie formaliste",
        "Allemagne",
        "1862 - 1943",
        81,
    ),
    ("Carl Gauss", "Mathématicien", "Géodésie", "Allemagne", "1777 - 1855", 78),
    ("Euclide", "Mathématicien", "Géométrie fondamentale", "Grèce", "-300 - ", None),
    (
        "Leonhard Euler",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Théorie des graphes",
        "Suisse",
        "1707 - 1783",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Pierre de Fermat",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Dernier théorème",
        "France",
        "1607 - 1665",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "Blaise Pascal",
        "Mathématicien et physicien",
        "Triangle de Pascal",
        "France",
        "1623 - 1662",
        39,
    ),
    (
        "Joseph Fourier",
        "Mathématicien et physicien",
        "Analyse de Fourier",
        "France",
        "1768 - 1830",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "André-Marie Ampère",
        "Physicien et mathématicien",
        "Loi d’Ampère",
        "France",
        "1775 - 1836",
        61,
    ),
    ("Georg Ohm", "Physicien", "Loi d’Ohm", "Allemagne", "1789 - 1854", 65),
    (
        "Alessandro Volta",
        "Physicien",
        "Batterie électrique",
        "Italie",
        "1745 - 1827",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Christian Ørsted",
        "Physicien",
        "Électromagnétisme",
        "Danemark",
        "1777 - 1851",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Guglielmo Marconi",
        "Inventeur",
        "Télégraphie sans fil",
        "Italie",
        "1874 - 1937",
        63,
    ),
    ("Benjamin Franklin", "Polymathe", "Paratonnerre", "États-Unis", "1706 - 1790", 84),
    ("Robert Hooke", "Scientifique", "Micrographia", "Angleterre", "1635 - 1703", 68),
    (
        "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
        "Microscopiste",
        "Micro-organismes",
        "Pays-Bas",
        "1632 - 1723",
        91,
    ),
    ("Tycho Brahe", "Astronome", "Données planétaires", "Danemark", "1546 - 1601", 55),
    (
        "Henrietta Swan Leavitt",
        "Astronome",
        "Découverte des céphéides",
        "États-Unis",
        "1868 - 1921",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Généticienne",
        "Découverte des transposons",
        "États-Unis",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "André Weil",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Géométrie algébrique",
        "France",
        "1906 - 1998",
        92,
    ),
    (
        "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar",
        "Astrophysicien",
        "Théorie des naines blanches",
        "Inde/États-Unis",
        "1910 - 1995",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Abdus Salam",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Théorie électrofaible",
        "Pakistan",
        "1926 - 1996",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Mary Anning",
        "Paléontologue",
        "Fossiles marins",
        "Angleterre",
        "1799 - 1847",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Géophysicien",
        "Dérive des continents",
        "Allemagne",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Edward Jenner",
        "Médecin",
        "Vaccin contre la variole",
        "Angleterre",
        "1749 - 1823",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Chien-Shiung Wu",
        "Physicienne expérimentale",
        "Violation de parité",
        "Chine/États-Unis",
        "1912 - 1997",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Henri Poincaré",
        "Mathématicien et physicien",
        "Théorie du chaos",
        "France",
        "1854 - 1912",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "J.J. Thomson",
        "Physicien",
        "Découverte de l’électron",
        "Angleterre",
        "1856 - 1940",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mach",
        "Physicien et philosophe",
        "Nombre de Mach",
        "Autriche",
        "1838 - 1916",
        78,
    ),
    ("André Vésale", "Anatomiste", "Anatomie moderne", "Belgique", "1514 - 1564", 50),
    (
        "Dorothy Hodgkin",
        "Chimiste",
        "Cristallographie aux rayons X",
        "Angleterre",
        "1910 - 1994",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Srinivasa Ramanujan",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Séries infinies",
        "Inde",
        "1887 - 1920",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck",
        "Biologiste",
        "Évolution pré-darwinienne",
        "France",
        "1744 - 1829",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Russel Wallace",
        "Naturaliste",
        "Sélection naturelle",
        "Angleterre",
        "1823 - 1913",
        90,
    ),
    ("Linus Pauling", "Chimiste", "Liaison chimique", "États-Unis", "1901 - 1994", 93),
    ("Otto Hahn", "Chimiste", "Fission nucléaire", "Allemagne", "1879 - 1968", 89),
    (
        "Irène Joliot-Curie",
        "Chimiste",
        "Radioactivité artificielle",
        "France",
        "1897 - 1956",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "J. Robert Oppenheimer",
        "Physicien",
        "Projet Manhattan",
        "États-Unis",
        "1904 - 1967",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham)",
        "Pionnier de l’optique",
        "Lumière et vision",
        "Irak",
        "965 - 1040",
        75,
    ),
    ("Zhang Heng", "Astronome et ingénieur", "Sismographe", "Chine", "78 - 139", 61),
    (
        "Hypatie",
        "Philosophe et mathématicienne",
        "Néoplatonisme",
        "Égypte",
        "360 - 415",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Aryabhata",
        "Mathématicien et astronome",
        "Système décimal",
        "Inde",
        "476 - 550",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Émilie du Châtelet",
        "Physicienne et mathématicienne",
        "Traduction de Newton",
        "France",
        "1706 - 1749",
        43,
    ),
    ("John Dalton", "Chimiste", "Théorie atomique", "Angleterre", "1766 - 1844", 78),
    (
        "Herman Boerhaave",
        "Médecin",
        "Enseignement clinique",
        "Pays-Bas",
        "1668 - 1738",
        70,
    ),
    ("Christian Doppler", "Physicien", "Effet Doppler", "Autriche", "1803 - 1853", 50),
    (
        "Antoine Lavoisier",
        "Chimiste",
        "Conservation de la masse",
        "France",
        "1743 - 1794",
        51,
    ),
    ("Anders Celsius", "Astronome", "Échelle Celsius", "Suède", "1701 - 1744", 43),
    (
        "Lucrèce",
        "Philosophe et poète",
        "Théorie atomique antique",
        "Italie",
        "-99 - -55",
        44,
    ),
    (
        "Giordano Bruno",
        "Philosophe",
        "Pluralité des mondes",
        "Italie",
        "1548 - 1600",
        52,
    ),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Physicienne",
        "Modèle nucléaire",
        "Allemagne/États-Unis",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Physicien",
        "Nucléosynthèse stellaire",
        "Allemagne/États-Unis",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    (
        "John Bardeen",
        "Physicien",
        "Invention du transistor",
        "États-Unis",
        "1908 - 1991",
        83,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mayr",
        "Biologiste",
        "Concept d’espèce",
        "Allemagne/États-Unis",
        "1904 - 2005",
        101,
    ),
    (
        "Roger Bacon",
        "Philosophe et scientifique",
        "Méthode empirique",
        "Angleterre",
        "1219 - 1292",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Archimède",
        "Mathématicien et inventeur",
        "Principe de flottaison",
        "Grèce",
        "-287 - -212",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Mathématicienne",
        "Calculs spatiaux",
        "États-Unis",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "Leó Szilárd",
        "Physicien",
        "Réaction en chaîne",
        "Hongrie/États-Unis",
        "1898 - 1964",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Paul Dirac",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Mécanique quantique",
        "Angleterre",
        "1902 - 1984",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Freeman Dyson",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Série de Dyson",
        "Angleterre/États-Unis",
        "1923 - 2020",
        97,
    ),
    (
        "Gerty Cori",
        "Biochimiste",
        "Métabolisme des glucides",
        "Tchécoslovaquie/États-Unis",
        "1896 - 1957",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Fleming",
        "Biologiste et pharmacologue",
        "Découverte de la pénicilline",
        "Écosse",
        "1881 - 1955",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Edward Teller",
        "Physicien théoricien",
        "Bombe H",
        "Hongrie/États-Unis",
        "1908 - 2003",
        95,
    ),
    ("Hans Geiger", "Physicien", "Compteur Geiger", "Allemagne", "1882 - 1945", 63),
    (
        "Max Born",
        "Physicien",
        "Théorie quantique",
        "Allemagne/Royaume-Uni",
        "1882 - 1970",
        88,
    ),
    (
        "Harriet Brooks",
        "Physicienne",
        "Physique nucléaire",
        "Canada",
        "1876 - 1933",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Statisticienne et infirmière",
        "Visualisation des données",
        "Angleterre",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
]

SCIENCE_NL = [
    (
        "Isaac Newton",
        "Natuurkundige en wiskundige",
        "Optica theorie",
        "Engeland",
        "1643 - 1727",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Albert Einstein",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Wetenschapsfilosofie",
        "Duitsland/Verenigde Staten",
        "1879 - 1955",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Natuurkundige en scheikundige",
        "Ontdekking van polonium",
        "Polen/Frankrijk",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Galileo Galilei",
        "Astronoom en natuurkundige",
        "Verbeterde telescoop",
        "Italië",
        "1564 - 1642",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Natuuronderzoeker en bioloog",
        "Botanische observaties",
        "Engeland",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Uitvinder en ingenieur",
        "Draadloze energie",
        "Servië/Verenigde Staten",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Leonardo da Vinci",
        "Kunstenaar en wetenschapper",
        "Ingenieursschetsen",
        "Italië",
        "1452 - 1519",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Wetenschapscommunicatie",
        "Engeland",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Johannes Kepler",
        "Astronoom en wiskundige",
        "Optisch werk",
        "Duitsland",
        "1571 - 1630",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kleurenfotografie",
        "Schotland",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Dmitri Mendelejev",
        "Scheikundige",
        "Periodiek systeem",
        "Rusland",
        "1834 - 1907",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Michael Faraday",
        "Experimenteel natuurkundige",
        "Elektrochemie",
        "Engeland",
        "1791 - 1867",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Louis Pasteur",
        "Microbioloog en scheikundige",
        "Vaccinatie",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1822 - 1895",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Ada Lovelace",
        "Wiskundige en schrijfster",
        "Eerste programmeur",
        "Engeland",
        "1815 - 1852",
        37,
    ),
    ("Carl Linnaeus", "Botanicus", "Classificatiesysteem", "Zweden", "1707 - 1778", 71),
    (
        "Aristoteles",
        "Filosoof en wetenschapper",
        "Natuurlijke historie",
        "Griekenland",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Natuurkunde colleges",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Max Planck",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Wetenschappelijke ethiek",
        "Duitsland",
        "1858 - 1947",
        89,
    ),
    (
        "Niels Bohr",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kwantumfilosofie",
        "Denemarken",
        "1885 - 1962",
        77,
    ),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Scheikundige en kristallograaf",
        "Virale structuur",
        "Engeland",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    (
        "Emmy Noether",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Symmetrie in fysica",
        "Duitsland",
        "1882 - 1935",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Gregor Mendel",
        "Geneticus en monnik",
        "Plantenstudies",
        "Oostenrijk",
        "1822 - 1884",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kernfysica",
        "Oostenrijk/Zweden",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Werner Heisenberg",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kwantummechanica",
        "Duitsland",
        "1901 - 1976",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Erwin Schrödinger",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Biologische filosofie",
        "Oostenrijk",
        "1887 - 1961",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Enrico Fermi",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kernreactor",
        "Italië/Verenigde Staten",
        "1901 - 1954",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Jocelyn Bell Burnell",
        "Astrofysica",
        "Ontdekking van pulsars",
        "Noord-Ierland",
        "1943 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rachel Carson",
        "Bioloog en schrijfster",
        "Moderne ecologie",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1907 - 1964",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Moleculair bioloog",
        "Menselijk bewustzijn",
        "Engeland",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    (
        "James Watson",
        "Moleculair bioloog",
        "Structuur van DNA",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1928 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Ruimtenavigatie",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "John von Neumann",
        "Wiskundige en natuurkundige",
        "Speltheorie",
        "Hongarije/Verenigde Staten",
        "1903 - 1957",
        54,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Wiskundige en codekraker",
        "Kunstmatige intelligentie",
        "Engeland",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    (
        "Kurt Gödel",
        "Logicus en wiskundige",
        "Wiskundige logica",
        "Oostenrijk/Verenigde Staten",
        "1906 - 1978",
        72,
    ),
    ("David Hilbert", "Wiskundige", "Formalisme", "Duitsland", "1862 - 1943", 81),
    ("Carl Gauss", "Wiskundige", "Geodesie", "Duitsland", "1777 - 1855", 78),
    ("Euclides", "Wiskundige", "Grondslagen geometrie", "Griekenland", "-300 - ", None),
    ("Leonhard Euler", "Wiskundige", "Grafentheorie", "Zwitserland", "1707 - 1783", 76),
    (
        "Pierre de Fermat",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Laatste stelling",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1607 - 1665",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "Blaise Pascal",
        "Wiskundige en natuurkundige",
        "Pascaldriehoek",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1623 - 1662",
        39,
    ),
    (
        "Joseph Fourier",
        "Wiskundige en natuurkundige",
        "Fourieranalyse",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1768 - 1830",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "André-Marie Ampère",
        "Natuurkundige en wiskundige",
        "Wet van Ampère",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1775 - 1836",
        61,
    ),
    ("Georg Ohm", "Natuurkundige", "Wet van Ohm", "Duitsland", "1789 - 1854", 65),
    (
        "Alessandro Volta",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Elektrische batterij",
        "Italië",
        "1745 - 1827",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Christian Ørsted",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Elektromagnetisme",
        "Denemarken",
        "1777 - 1851",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Guglielmo Marconi",
        "Uitvinder",
        "Draadloze telegrafie",
        "Italië",
        "1874 - 1937",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Benjamin Franklin",
        "Polymath",
        "Bliksemafleider",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1706 - 1790",
        84,
    ),
    ("Robert Hooke", "Wetenschapper", "Micrographia", "Engeland", "1635 - 1703", 68),
    (
        "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
        "Microscopist",
        "Micro-organismen",
        "Nederland",
        "1632 - 1723",
        91,
    ),
    ("Tycho Brahe", "Astronoom", "Planeetmetingen", "Denemarken", "1546 - 1601", 55),
    (
        "Henrietta Swan Leavitt",
        "Astronoom",
        "Ontdekking van cepheïden",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1868 - 1921",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Genetica",
        "Ontdekking van transposons",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "André Weil",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Algebraïsche meetkunde",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1906 - 1998",
        92,
    ),
    (
        "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar",
        "Astrofysicus",
        "Witte dwergen theorie",
        "India/Verenigde Staten",
        "1910 - 1995",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Abdus Salam",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Elektrozwakke theorie",
        "Pakistan",
        "1926 - 1996",
        70,
    ),
    ("Mary Anning", "Paleontoloog", "Zee-fossielen", "Engeland", "1799 - 1847", 48),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Geofysicus",
        "Continentverschuiving",
        "Duitsland",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    ("Edward Jenner", "Arts", "Pokkenvaccin", "Engeland", "1749 - 1823", 74),
    (
        "Chien-Shiung Wu",
        "Experimenteel natuurkundige",
        "Pariteitschending",
        "China/Verenigde Staten",
        "1912 - 1997",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Henri Poincaré",
        "Wiskundige en natuurkundige",
        "Chaostheorie",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1854 - 1912",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "J.J. Thomson",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Ontdekking van het elektron",
        "Engeland",
        "1856 - 1940",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mach",
        "Natuurkundige en filosoof",
        "Machgetal",
        "Oostenrijk",
        "1838 - 1916",
        78,
    ),
    ("Andreas Vesalius", "Anatoom", "Moderne anatomie", "België", "1514 - 1564", 50),
    (
        "Dorothy Hodgkin",
        "Scheikundige",
        "Röntgendiffractie",
        "Engeland",
        "1910 - 1994",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Srinivasa Ramanujan",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Oneindige reeksen",
        "India",
        "1887 - 1920",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck",
        "Bioloog",
        "Pre-Darwin evolutie",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1744 - 1829",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Russel Wallace",
        "Natuuronderzoeker",
        "Natuurlijke selectie",
        "Engeland",
        "1823 - 1913",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Linus Pauling",
        "Scheikundige",
        "Chemische binding",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1901 - 1994",
        93,
    ),
    ("Otto Hahn", "Scheikundige", "Kernsplijting", "Duitsland", "1879 - 1968", 89),
    (
        "Irène Joliot-Curie",
        "Scheikundige",
        "Kunstmatige radioactiviteit",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1897 - 1956",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "J. Robert Oppenheimer",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Manhattanproject",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1904 - 1967",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham)",
        "Pionier in optica",
        "Licht en zicht",
        "Irak",
        "965 - 1040",
        75,
    ),
    ("Zhang Heng", "Astronoom en ingenieur", "Seismograaf", "China", "78 - 139", 61),
    ("Hypatia", "Filosoof en wiskundige", "Neoplatonisme", "Egypte", "360 - 415", 55),
    (
        "Aryabhata",
        "Wiskundige en astronoom",
        "Decimaal systeem",
        "India",
        "476 - 550",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Émilie du Châtelet",
        "Natuurkundige en wiskundige",
        "Newton vertaling",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1706 - 1749",
        43,
    ),
    ("John Dalton", "Scheikundige", "Atoomtheorie", "Engeland", "1766 - 1844", 78),
    ("Herman Boerhaave", "Arts", "Klinisch onderwijs", "Nederland", "1668 - 1738", 70),
    (
        "Christian Doppler",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Dopplereffect",
        "Oostenrijk",
        "1803 - 1853",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Antoine Lavoisier",
        "Scheikundige",
        "Behoud van massa",
        "Frankrijk",
        "1743 - 1794",
        51,
    ),
    ("Anders Celsius", "Astronoom", "Celsiusschaal", "Zweden", "1701 - 1744", 43),
    (
        "Lucretius",
        "Filosoof en dichter",
        "Oude atoomtheorie",
        "Italië",
        "-99 - -55",
        44,
    ),
    ("Giordano Bruno", "Filosoof", "Meervoudige werelden", "Italië", "1548 - 1600", 52),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Kernmodel",
        "Duitsland/Verenigde Staten",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Stellaire kernfusie",
        "Duitsland/Verenigde Staten",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    (
        "John Bardeen",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Transistoruitvinder",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1908 - 1991",
        83,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mayr",
        "Bioloog",
        "Soortconcept",
        "Duitsland/Verenigde Staten",
        "1904 - 2005",
        101,
    ),
    (
        "Roger Bacon",
        "Filosoof en wetenschapper",
        "Empirische methode",
        "Engeland",
        "1219 - 1292",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Wiskundige en uitvinder",
        "Opwaartse kracht",
        "Griekenland",
        "-287 - -212",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Ruimteberekeningen",
        "Verenigde Staten",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "Leó Szilárd",
        "Natuurkundige",
        "Ketenreactie",
        "Hongarije/Verenigde Staten",
        "1898 - 1964",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Paul Dirac",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Kwantummechanica",
        "Engeland",
        "1902 - 1984",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Freeman Dyson",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Dysonreeks",
        "Engeland/Verenigde Staten",
        "1923 - 2020",
        97,
    ),
    (
        "Gerty Cori",
        "Biochemicus",
        "Koolhydraatmetabolisme",
        "Tsjecho-Slowakije/Verenigde Staten",
        "1896 - 1957",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Fleming",
        "Bioloog en farmacoloog",
        "Penicilline",
        "Schotland",
        "1881 - 1955",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Edward Teller",
        "Theoretisch natuurkundige",
        "Waterstofbom",
        "Hongarije/Verenigde Staten",
        "1908 - 2003",
        95,
    ),
    ("Hans Geiger", "Natuurkundige", "Geigerteller", "Duitsland", "1882 - 1945", 63),
    ("Max Born", "Natuurkundige", "Kwantumtheorie", "Duitsland/VK", "1882 - 1970", 88),
    ("Harriet Brooks", "Natuurkundige", "Kernfysica", "Canada", "1876 - 1933", 57),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Statisticus en verpleegster",
        "Datavisualisatie",
        "Engeland",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
]

SCIENCE_DE = [
    (
        "Isaac Newton",
        "Physiker und Mathematiker",
        "Optik-Theorie",
        "England",
        "1643 - 1727",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Albert Einstein",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Wissenschaftsphilosophie",
        "Deutschland/USA",
        "1879 - 1955",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Physikerin und Chemikerin",
        "Entdeckung von Polonium",
        "Polen/Frankreich",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Galileo Galilei",
        "Astronom und Physiker",
        "Verbesserte Teleskope",
        "Italien",
        "1564 - 1642",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Naturforscher und Biologe",
        "Botanische Beobachtungen",
        "England",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Erfinder und Ingenieur",
        "Drahtlose Energie",
        "Serbien/USA",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Leonardo da Vinci",
        "Künstler und Wissenschaftler",
        "Ingenieurszeichnungen",
        "Italien",
        "1452 - 1519",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Wissenschaftskommunikation",
        "England",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Johannes Kepler",
        "Astronom und Mathematiker",
        "Optische Arbeiten",
        "Deutschland",
        "1571 - 1630",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Physiker",
        "Farbfotografie",
        "Schottland",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    ("Dmitri Mendeleev", "Chemiker", "Periodensystem", "Russland", "1834 - 1907", 73),
    (
        "Michael Faraday",
        "Experimenteller Physiker",
        "Elektrochemie",
        "England",
        "1791 - 1867",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Louis Pasteur",
        "Mikrobiologe und Chemiker",
        "Impfungen",
        "Frankreich",
        "1822 - 1895",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Ada Lovelace",
        "Mathematikerin und Schriftstellerin",
        "Erste Programmiererin",
        "England",
        "1815 - 1852",
        37,
    ),
    (
        "Carl Linnaeus",
        "Botaniker",
        "Klassifikationssystem",
        "Schweden",
        "1707 - 1778",
        71,
    ),
    (
        "Aristoteles",
        "Philosoph und Wissenschaftler",
        "Naturgeschichte",
        "Griechenland",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Physikvorlesungen",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Max Planck",
        "Physiker",
        "Wissenschaftliche Ethik",
        "Deutschland",
        "1858 - 1947",
        89,
    ),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Physiker", "Quantenphilosophie", "Dänemark", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Chemikerin und Kristallographin",
        "Virale Struktur",
        "England",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    (
        "Emmy Noether",
        "Mathematikerin",
        "Symmetrie in der Physik",
        "Deutschland",
        "1882 - 1935",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Gregor Mendel",
        "Genetiker und Mönch",
        "Pflanzenstudien",
        "Österreich",
        "1822 - 1884",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Physikerin",
        "Kernphysik",
        "Österreich/Schweden",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Werner Heisenberg",
        "Physiker",
        "Quantenmechanik",
        "Deutschland",
        "1901 - 1976",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Erwin Schrödinger",
        "Physiker",
        "Biologische Philosophie",
        "Österreich",
        "1887 - 1961",
        74,
    ),
    ("Enrico Fermi", "Physiker", "Kernreaktor", "Italien/USA", "1901 - 1954", 53),
    (
        "Jocelyn Bell Burnell",
        "Astrophysikerin",
        "Entdeckung der Pulsare",
        "Nordirland",
        "1943 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rachel Carson",
        "Biologin und Schriftstellerin",
        "Moderne Ökologie",
        "USA",
        "1907 - 1964",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Molekularbiologe",
        "Menschliches Bewusstsein",
        "England",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    ("James Watson", "Molekularbiologe", "Struktur der DNA", "USA", "1928 - ", None),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Mathematikerin",
        "Raumnavigation",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    (
        "John von Neumann",
        "Mathematiker und Physiker",
        "Spieltheorie",
        "Ungarn/USA",
        "1903 - 1957",
        54,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Mathematiker und Codeknacker",
        "Künstliche Intelligenz",
        "England",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    (
        "Kurt Gödel",
        "Logiker und Mathematiker",
        "Mathematische Logik",
        "Österreich/USA",
        "1906 - 1978",
        72,
    ),
    ("David Hilbert", "Mathematiker", "Formalismus", "Deutschland", "1862 - 1943", 81),
    ("Carl Gauss", "Mathematiker", "Geodäsie", "Deutschland", "1777 - 1855", 78),
    (
        "Euklid",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Grundlagen der Geometrie",
        "Griechenland",
        "-300 - ",
        None,
    ),
    ("Leonhard Euler", "Mathematiker", "Graphentheorie", "Schweiz", "1707 - 1783", 76),
    (
        "Pierre de Fermat",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Letzter Satz",
        "Frankreich",
        "1607 - 1665",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "Blaise Pascal",
        "Mathematiker und Physiker",
        "Pascalsches Dreieck",
        "Frankreich",
        "1623 - 1662",
        39,
    ),
    (
        "Joseph Fourier",
        "Mathematiker und Physiker",
        "Fourier-Analyse",
        "Frankreich",
        "1768 - 1830",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "André-Marie Ampère",
        "Physiker und Mathematiker",
        "Ampères Gesetz",
        "Frankreich",
        "1775 - 1836",
        61,
    ),
    ("Georg Ohm", "Physiker", "Ohmsches Gesetz", "Deutschland", "1789 - 1854", 65),
    (
        "Alessandro Volta",
        "Physiker",
        "Elektrische Batterie",
        "Italien",
        "1745 - 1827",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Christian Ørsted",
        "Physiker",
        "Elektromagnetismus",
        "Dänemark",
        "1777 - 1851",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Guglielmo Marconi",
        "Erfinder",
        "Drahtlose Telegrafie",
        "Italien",
        "1874 - 1937",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Benjamin Franklin",
        "Universalgelehrter",
        "Blitzableiter",
        "USA",
        "1706 - 1790",
        84,
    ),
    ("Robert Hooke", "Wissenschaftler", "Micrographia", "England", "1635 - 1703", 68),
    (
        "Antonie van Leeuwenhoek",
        "Mikroskopiker",
        "Mikroorganismen",
        "Niederlande",
        "1632 - 1723",
        91,
    ),
    ("Tycho Brahe", "Astronom", "Planetenmessungen", "Dänemark", "1546 - 1601", 55),
    (
        "Henrietta Swan Leavitt",
        "Astronomin",
        "Entdeckung der Cepheiden",
        "USA",
        "1868 - 1921",
        53,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Genetikerin",
        "Entdeckung von Transposons",
        "USA",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "André Weil",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Algebraische Geometrie",
        "Frankreich",
        "1906 - 1998",
        92,
    ),
    (
        "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar",
        "Astrophysiker",
        "Theorie der Weißen Zwerge",
        "Indien/USA",
        "1910 - 1995",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Abdus Salam",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Elektroschwache Theorie",
        "Pakistan",
        "1926 - 1996",
        70,
    ),
    ("Mary Anning", "Paläontologin", "Meeresfossilien", "England", "1799 - 1847", 48),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Geophysiker",
        "Kontinentaldrift",
        "Deutschland",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    ("Edward Jenner", "Arzt", "Pockenimpfung", "England", "1749 - 1823", 74),
    (
        "Chien-Shiung Wu",
        "Experimentelle Physikerin",
        "Paritätsverletzung",
        "China/USA",
        "1912 - 1997",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Henri Poincaré",
        "Mathematiker und Physiker",
        "Chaostheorie",
        "Frankreich",
        "1854 - 1912",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "J.J. Thomson",
        "Physiker",
        "Entdeckung des Elektrons",
        "England",
        "1856 - 1940",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Ernst Mach",
        "Physiker und Philosoph",
        "Mach-Zahl",
        "Österreich",
        "1838 - 1916",
        78,
    ),
    ("Andreas Vesalius", "Anatom", "Moderne Anatomie", "Belgien", "1514 - 1564", 50),
    ("Dorothy Hodgkin", "Chemikerin", "Röntgenbeugung", "England", "1910 - 1994", 84),
    (
        "Srinivasa Ramanujan",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Unendliche Reihen",
        "Indien",
        "1887 - 1920",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Jean-Baptiste Lamarck",
        "Biologe",
        "Vor-Darwin Evolution",
        "Frankreich",
        "1744 - 1829",
        85,
    ),
    (
        "Alfred Russel Wallace",
        "Naturforscher",
        "Natürliche Selektion",
        "England",
        "1823 - 1913",
        90,
    ),
    ("Linus Pauling", "Chemiker", "Chemische Bindung", "USA", "1901 - 1994", 93),
    ("Otto Hahn", "Chemiker", "Kernspaltung", "Deutschland", "1879 - 1968", 89),
    (
        "Irène Joliot-Curie",
        "Chemikerin",
        "Künstliche Radioaktivität",
        "Frankreich",
        "1897 - 1956",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "J. Robert Oppenheimer",
        "Physiker",
        "Manhattan-Projekt",
        "USA",
        "1904 - 1967",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham)",
        "Optik-Pionier",
        "Licht und Sicht",
        "Irak",
        "965 - 1040",
        75,
    ),
    ("Zhang Heng", "Astronom und Ingenieur", "Seismograph", "China", "78 - 139", 61),
    (
        "Hypatia",
        "Philosophin und Mathematikerin",
        "Neuplatonismus",
        "Ägypten",
        "360 - 415",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Aryabhata",
        "Mathematiker und Astronom",
        "Dezimalsystem",
        "Indien",
        "476 - 550",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Émilie du Châtelet",
        "Physikerin und Mathematikerin",
        "Newton-Übersetzung",
        "Frankreich",
        "1706 - 1749",
        43,
    ),
    ("John Dalton", "Chemiker", "Atomtheorie", "England", "1766 - 1844", 78),
    (
        "Herman Boerhaave",
        "Arzt",
        "Klinische Ausbildung",
        "Niederlande",
        "1668 - 1738",
        70,
    ),
    ("Christian Doppler", "Physiker", "Dopplereffekt", "Österreich", "1803 - 1853", 50),
    (
        "Antoine Lavoisier",
        "Chemiker",
        "Massenerhaltung",
        "Frankreich",
        "1743 - 1794",
        51,
    ),
    ("Anders Celsius", "Astronom", "Celsius-Skala", "Schweden", "1701 - 1744", 43),
    (
        "Lucretius",
        "Philosoph und Dichter",
        "Antike Atomtheorie",
        "Italien",
        "-99 - -55",
        44,
    ),
    ("Giordano Bruno", "Philosoph", "Multiple Welten", "Italien", "1548 - 1600", 52),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Physikerin",
        "Kernmodell",
        "Deutschland/USA",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Physiker",
        "Stellare Kernfusion",
        "Deutschland/USA",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    ("John Bardeen", "Physiker", "Erfinder des Transistors", "USA", "1908 - 1991", 83),
    ("Ernst Mayr", "Biologe", "Artkonzept", "Deutschland/USA", "1904 - 2005", 101),
    (
        "Roger Bacon",
        "Philosoph und Wissenschaftler",
        "Empirische Methode",
        "England",
        "1219 - 1292",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Mathematiker und Erfinder",
        "Auftriebskraft",
        "Griechenland",
        "-287 - -212",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Mathematikerin",
        "Raumfahrtberechnungen",
        "USA",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    ("Leó Szilárd", "Physiker", "Kettenreaktion", "Ungarn/USA", "1898 - 1964", 66),
    (
        "Paul Dirac",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Quantenmechanik",
        "England",
        "1902 - 1984",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Freeman Dyson",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Dyson-Reihe",
        "England/USA",
        "1923 - 2020",
        97,
    ),
    (
        "Gerty Cori",
        "Biochemikerin",
        "Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel",
        "Tschechoslowakei/USA",
        "1896 - 1957",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Fleming",
        "Biologe und Pharmakologe",
        "Penicillin",
        "Schottland",
        "1881 - 1955",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Edward Teller",
        "Theoretischer Physiker",
        "Wasserstoffbombe",
        "Ungarn/USA",
        "1908 - 2003",
        95,
    ),
    ("Hans Geiger", "Physiker", "Geigerzähler", "Deutschland", "1882 - 1945", 63),
    ("Max Born", "Physiker", "Quantenmechanik", "Deutschland/UK", "1882 - 1970", 88),
    ("Harriet Brooks", "Physikerin", "Kernphysik", "Kanada", "1876 - 1933", 57),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Statistikerin und Krankenschwester",
        "Datenvisualisierung",
        "England",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
]

SCIENCE_ES = [
    (
        "Isaac Newton",
        "Físico y matemático",
        "Leyes del movimiento",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1643 - 1727",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Albert Einstein",
        "Físico teórico",
        "Teoría de la relatividad",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1879 - 1955",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Galileo Galilei",
        "Astrónomo y físico",
        "Soporte del heliocentrismo",
        "Italia",
        "1564 - 1642",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Química y física",
        "Descubrimiento de la radiactividad",
        "Polonia/Francia",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Inventor e ingeniero",
        "Corriente alterna",
        "Serbia/Estados Unidos",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Naturalista",
        "Teoría de la evolución",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Carl Friedrich Gauss",
        "Matemático",
        "Teoría de números",
        "Alemania",
        "1777 - 1855",
        78,
    ),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Físico", "Modelo atómico", "Dinamarca", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Físico",
        "Electromagnetismo",
        "Escocia",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    ("Leonhard Euler", "Matemático", "Análisis matemático", "Suiza", "1707 - 1783", 76),
    ("Dmitri Mendeléyev", "Químico", "Tabla periódica", "Rusia", "1834 - 1907", 73),
    (
        "Michael Faraday",
        "Físico y químico",
        "Inducción electromagnética",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1791 - 1867",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Físico teórico",
        "Electrodinámica cuántica",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Johannes Kepler",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Leyes del movimiento planetario",
        "Alemania",
        "1571 - 1630",
        59,
    ),
    ("Max Planck", "Físico", "Teoría cuántica", "Alemania", "1858 - 1947", 89),
    ("Ada Lovelace", "Matemática", "Primer algoritmo", "Inglaterra", "1815 - 1852", 37),
    (
        "Emmy Noether",
        "Matemática",
        "Teorema de Noether",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1882 - 1935",
        53,
    ),
    ("Gregor Mendel", "Biólogo", "Genética", "Austria", "1822 - 1884", 62),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Biofísica",
        "Estructura del ADN",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Matemático y criptógrafo",
        "Computación moderna",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    ("Louis Pasteur", "Microbiólogo", "Pasteurización", "Francia", "1822 - 1895", 73),
    ("Erwin Schrödinger", "Físico", "Mecánica cuántica", "Austria", "1887 - 1961", 74),
    (
        "Antoine Lavoisier",
        "Químico",
        "Conservación de la masa",
        "Francia",
        "1743 - 1794",
        51,
    ),
    (
        "Carl Sagan",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Divulgación científica",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1934 - 1996",
        62,
    ),
    ("Hypatia", "Matemática y filósofa", "Neoplatonismo", "Egipto", "360 - 415", 55),
    (
        "Aristóteles",
        "Filósofo y científico",
        "Lógica y biología",
        "Grecia",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Nicolás Copérnico",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Modelo heliocéntrico",
        "Polonia",
        "1473 - 1543",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Benjamin Franklin",
        "Polímata",
        "Electricidad",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1706 - 1790",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "John Dalton",
        "Químico y físico",
        "Teoría atómica",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1766 - 1844",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Físico teórico",
        "Agujeros negros",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    ("Max Born", "Físico", "Mecánica cuántica", "Alemania", "1882 - 1970", 88),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Física",
        "Modelo nuclear",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Físico",
        "Fusión estelar",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    (
        "James Watson",
        "Biólogo molecular",
        "Descubrimiento del ADN",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1928 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Biólogo molecular",
        "Descubrimiento del ADN",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    ("André-Marie Ampère", "Físico", "Electromagnetismo", "Francia", "1775 - 1836", 61),
    ("Christian Doppler", "Físico", "Efecto Doppler", "Austria", "1803 - 1853", 50),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Geofísico",
        "Deriva continental",
        "Alemania",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Estadística y enfermería",
        "Visualización de datos",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
    ("Mary Anning", "Paleontóloga", "Fósiles marinos", "Inglaterra", "1799 - 1847", 48),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Física",
        "Fisióntesis nuclear",
        "Austria/Suecia",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Srinivasa Ramanujan",
        "Matemático",
        "Series infinitas",
        "India",
        "1887 - 1920",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Dorothy Hodgkin",
        "Química",
        "Difracción de rayos X",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1910 - 1994",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Matemática",
        "Cálculos para espacio",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    ("Carl Linnaeus", "Biólogo", "Taxonomía", "Suecia", "1707 - 1778", 71),
    (
        "Andrei Kolmogorov",
        "Matemático",
        "Teoría de la probabilidad",
        "Rusia",
        "1903 - 1987",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Henri Poincaré",
        "Matemático y físico",
        "Topología",
        "Francia",
        "1854 - 1912",
        58,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Genetista",
        "Transposición genética",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Werner Heisenberg",
        "Físico",
        "Principio de incertidumbre",
        "Alemania",
        "1901 - 1976",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Fleming",
        "Biólogo",
        "Descubrimiento de la penicilina",
        "Escocia",
        "1881 - 1955",
        74,
    ),
    ("Maxwell Planck", "Físico", "Cuantos", "Alemania", "1858 - 1947", 89),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Físico", "Modelo atómico", "Dinamarca", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    ("Linus Pauling", "Químico", "Enlace químico", "Estados Unidos", "1901 - 1994", 93),
    (
        "Ernest Rutherford",
        "Físico",
        "Modelo nuclear",
        "Nueva Zelanda",
        "1871 - 1937",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Rachel Carson",
        "Bióloga",
        "Ecología moderna",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1907 - 1964",
        57,
    ),
    (
        "Gregor Mendel",
        "Genetista",
        "Leyes de la herencia",
        "Austria",
        "1822 - 1884",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Físico",
        "Electromagnetismo",
        "Escocia",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    (
        "Emmy Noether",
        "Matemática",
        "Teorema de Noether",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1882 - 1935",
        53,
    ),
    ("Dmitri Mendeléyev", "Químico", "Tabla periódica", "Rusia", "1834 - 1907", 73),
    (
        "Rosalind Franklin",
        "Biofísica",
        "Estructura del ADN",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1920 - 1958",
        38,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander Graham Bell",
        "Inventor",
        "Teléfono",
        "Escocia/Estados Unidos",
        "1847 - 1922",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Carl Sagan",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Divulgación científica",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1934 - 1996",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Richard Feynman",
        "Físico teórico",
        "Electrodinámica cuántica",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1918 - 1988",
        70,
    ),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Físico", "Modelo atómico", "Dinamarca", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "John von Neumann",
        "Matemático",
        "Computación",
        "Hungría/Estados Unidos",
        "1903 - 1957",
        54,
    ),
    (
        "Alan Turing",
        "Matemático y criptógrafo",
        "Computación moderna",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1912 - 1954",
        42,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Jay Gould",
        "Paleontólogo",
        "Evolución",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1941 - 2002",
        61,
    ),
    (
        "Barbara McClintock",
        "Genetista",
        "Transposición genética",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1902 - 1992",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
        "Física",
        "Modelo nuclear",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1906 - 1972",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Hans Bethe",
        "Físico",
        "Fusión estelar",
        "Alemania/Estados Unidos",
        "1906 - 2005",
        99,
    ),
    (
        "James Watson",
        "Biólogo molecular",
        "Descubrimiento del ADN",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1928 - ",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Crick",
        "Biólogo molecular",
        "Descubrimiento del ADN",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1916 - 2004",
        88,
    ),
    ("André-Marie Ampère", "Físico", "Electromagnetismo", "Francia", "1775 - 1836", 61),
    ("Christian Doppler", "Físico", "Efecto Doppler", "Austria", "1803 - 1853", 50),
    (
        "Alfred Wegener",
        "Geofísico",
        "Deriva continental",
        "Alemania",
        "1880 - 1930",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Florence Nightingale",
        "Estadística y enfermería",
        "Visualización de datos",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1820 - 1910",
        90,
    ),
    ("Mary Anning", "Paleontóloga", "Fósiles marinos", "Inglaterra", "1799 - 1847", 48),
    (
        "Lise Meitner",
        "Física",
        "Fisióntesis nuclear",
        "Austria/Suecia",
        "1878 - 1968",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Srinivasa Ramanujan",
        "Matemático",
        "Series infinitas",
        "India",
        "1887 - 1920",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Dorothy Hodgkin",
        "Química",
        "Difracción de rayos X",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1910 - 1994",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "Katherine Johnson",
        "Matemática",
        "Cálculos para espacio",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1918 - 2020",
        102,
    ),
    ("Hypatia", "Matemática y filósofa", "Neoplatonismo", "Egipto", "360 - 415", 55),
    (
        "Aristóteles",
        "Filósofo y científico",
        "Lógica y biología",
        "Grecia",
        "-384 - -322",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Nicolás Copérnico",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Modelo heliocéntrico",
        "Polonia",
        "1473 - 1543",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Benjamin Franklin",
        "Polímata",
        "Electricidad",
        "Estados Unidos",
        "1706 - 1790",
        84,
    ),
    (
        "John Dalton",
        "Químico y físico",
        "Teoría atómica",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1766 - 1844",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Stephen Hawking",
        "Físico teórico",
        "Agujeros negros",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1942 - 2018",
        76,
    ),
    ("Max Born", "Físico", "Mecánica cuántica", "Alemania", "1882 - 1970", 88),
    (
        "Marie Curie",
        "Química y física",
        "Descubrimiento de la radiactividad",
        "Polonia/Francia",
        "1867 - 1934",
        67,
    ),
    (
        "Nikola Tesla",
        "Inventor e ingeniero",
        "Corriente alterna",
        "Serbia/Estados Unidos",
        "1856 - 1943",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Charles Darwin",
        "Naturalista",
        "Teoría de la evolución",
        "Inglaterra",
        "1809 - 1882",
        73,
    ),
    (
        "Carl Friedrich Gauss",
        "Matemático",
        "Teoría de números",
        "Alemania",
        "1777 - 1855",
        78,
    ),
    ("Niels Bohr", "Físico", "Modelo atómico", "Dinamarca", "1885 - 1962", 77),
    (
        "James Clerk Maxwell",
        "Físico",
        "Electromagnetismo",
        "Escocia",
        "1831 - 1879",
        48,
    ),
    ("Leonhard Euler", "Matemático", "Análisis matemático", "Suiza", "1707 - 1783", 76),
]

# Antiquity luminaries

ANTIQUITY_EN = [
    # Egyptian luminaries (max 5)
    (
        "Imhotep",
        "Architect & Physician",
        "Designed the Step Pyramid",
        "Egypt",
        "c.2650–2600 BCE",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Khufu",
        "Pharaoh",
        "Built Great Pyramid of Giza",
        "Egypt",
        "c.2589–2566 BCE",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hatshepsut",
        "Pharaoh",
        "Expanded trade and built monuments",
        "Egypt",
        "c.1479–1458 BCE",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Akhenaten",
        "Pharaoh",
        "Introduced monotheism (Aten)",
        "Egypt",
        "c.1353–1336 BCE",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hypatia",
        "Mathematician",
        "Advanced astronomy and math",
        "Alexandria, Egypt",
        "c.360–415 CE",
        55,
    ),
    # Greek (incl. Macedonian) luminaries
    ("Homer", "Poet", "Wrote Iliad and Odyssey", "Greece", "c.8th century BCE", None),
    ("Sappho", "Poet", "Lyric poetry", "Lesbos, Greece", "c.630–570 BCE", None),
    (
        "Thales of Miletus",
        "Philosopher",
        "First known philosopher",
        "Ionia, Greece",
        "c.624–546 BCE",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Pythagoras",
        "Mathematician",
        "Pythagorean theorem",
        "Samos/Croton",
        "c.570–495 BCE",
        75,
    ),
    ("Heraclitus", "Philosopher", "Doctrine of change", "Ephesus", "c.535–475 BCE", 60),
    (
        "Parmenides",
        "Philosopher",
        "Theory of being",
        "Elea, Greece",
        "c.515–450 BCE",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Anaxagoras",
        "Philosopher",
        "Introduced mind (nous)",
        "Athens",
        "c.500–428 BCE",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Empedocles",
        "Philosopher",
        "Theory of four elements",
        "Sicily (Akragas)",
        "c.495–435 BCE",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Socrates",
        "Philosopher",
        "Founder of Western philosophy",
        "Athens",
        "470–399 BCE",
        71,
    ),
    ("Plato", "Philosopher", "Founded the Academy", "Athens", "427–347 BCE", 80),
    ("Aristotle", "Philosopher", "Developed formal logic", "Athens", "384–322 BCE", 62),
    (
        "Democritus",
        "Philosopher",
        "Developed atomic theory",
        "Abdera, Greece",
        "c.460–370 BCE",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Hippocrates",
        "Physician",
        "Father of medicine",
        "Kos, Greece",
        "c.460–370 BCE",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Pericles",
        "Statesman",
        "Led Athens during Golden Age",
        "Athens",
        "c.495–429 BCE",
        66,
    ),
    ("Aeschylus", "Playwright", "Father of tragedy", "Athens", "c.525–456 BCE", 69),
    ("Sophocles", "Playwright", "Wrote Oedipus Rex", "Athens", "c.497–406 BCE", 91),
    ("Euripides", "Playwright", "Wrote Medea", "Athens", "c.480–406 BCE", 74),
    ("Aristophanes", "Playwright", "Father of comedy", "Athens", "c.446–386 BCE", 60),
    (
        "Herodotus",
        "Historian",
        "Father of History",
        "Halicarnassus, Greece",
        "c.484–425 BCE",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Thucydides",
        "Historian",
        "History of Peloponnesian War",
        "Athens",
        "c.460–400 BCE",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Xenophon",
        "Historian",
        "Anabasis and Socratic texts",
        "Athens",
        "c.430–354 BCE",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Scientist",
        "Discovered laws of levers",
        "Syracuse",
        "c.287–212 BCE",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Euclid",
        "Mathematician",
        "Father of geometry",
        "Alexandria (Greek world)",
        "c.325–265 BCE",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Aratus",
        "Poet & Astronomer",
        "Wrote 'Phaenomena'",
        "Greece",
        "c.315–240 BCE",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zeno of Citium",
        "Philosopher",
        "Founded Stoicism",
        "Athens",
        "c.334–262 BCE",
        72,
    ),
    ("Epicurus", "Philosopher", "Founded Epicureanism", "Athens", "341–270 BCE", 71),
    (
        "Eratosthenes",
        "Scientist",
        "Measured Earth's circumference",
        "Alexandria",
        "c.276–194 BCE",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hipparchus",
        "Astronomer",
        "Catalogued stars, lunar orbit",
        "Rhodes",
        "c.190–120 BCE",
        70,
    ),
    ("Ptolemy", "Astronomer", "Geocentric model", "Alexandria", "c.100–170 CE", 70),
    (
        "Galen",
        "Physician",
        "Medical theories used for 1,000 yrs",
        "Pergamon/Rome",
        "c.129–c.216 CE",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander the Great",
        "Conqueror",
        "Created vast empire",
        "Macedonia",
        "356–323 BCE",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Philip II",
        "King of Macedon",
        "United Greek city-states",
        "Macedonia",
        "382–336 BCE",
        46,
    ),
    (
        "Antigonus I",
        "General",
        "Successor of Alexander",
        "Macedonia",
        "382–301 BCE",
        81,
    ),
    (
        "Demosthenes",
        "Orator",
        "Opposed Macedonian influence",
        "Athens",
        "384–322 BCE",
        62,
    ),
    # Roman luminaries
    (
        "Cicero",
        "Orator & Philosopher",
        "Advocate of republicanism",
        "Rome",
        "106–43 BCE",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Lucretius",
        "Philosopher & Poet",
        "Wrote 'On the Nature of Things'",
        "Rome",
        "c.99–55 BCE",
        44,
    ),
    ("Virgil", "Poet", "Wrote the Aeneid", "Rome", "70–19 BCE", 51),
    ("Horace", "Poet", "Roman lyric poetry", "Rome", "65–8 BCE", 57),
    ("Ovid", "Poet", "Wrote Metamorphoses", "Rome", "43 BCE–17 CE", 60),
    ("Livy", "Historian", "Wrote history of Rome", "Rome", "59 BCE–17 CE", 76),
    ("Seneca the Younger", "Philosopher", "Stoic writings", "Rome", "4 BCE–65 CE", 69),
    ("Tacitus", "Historian", "Annals and Histories of Rome", "Rome", "c.56–120 CE", 64),
    ("Pliny the Elder", "Naturalist", "Wrote Natural History", "Rome", "23–79 CE", 56),
    ("Pliny the Younger", "Author", "Eyewitness of Vesuvius", "Rome", "61–113 CE", 52),
    (
        "Marcus Aurelius",
        "Emperor & Philosopher",
        "Wrote 'Meditations'",
        "Rome",
        "121–180 CE",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Julius Caesar",
        "General & Dictator",
        "Transformed Roman Republic",
        "Rome",
        "100–44 BCE",
        56,
    ),
    ("Augustus", "Emperor", "First Roman emperor", "Rome", "63 BCE–14 CE", 77),
    ("Hadrian", "Emperor", "Built Hadrian’s Wall", "Rome", "76–138 CE", 62),
    ("Trajan", "Emperor", "Expanded empire to max extent", "Rome", "53–117 CE", 64),
    ("Claudius", "Emperor", "Conquered Britain", "Rome", "10 BCE–54 CE", 64),
    ("Nero", "Emperor", "Notorious ruler of early empire", "Rome", "37–68 CE", 31),
    (
        "Constantine I",
        "Emperor",
        "Legalized Christianity",
        "Rome/Byzantium",
        "272–337 CE",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Theodosius I",
        "Emperor",
        "Made Christianity state religion",
        "Rome",
        "347–395 CE",
        48,
    ),
]

ANTIQUITY_NL = [
    (
        "Imhotep",
        "Architect & arts",
        "Ontwierp de Trappiramide",
        "Egypte",
        "c.2650–2600 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Khufu",
        "Farao",
        "Bouwde de Grote Piramide van Gizeh",
        "Egypte",
        "c.2589–2566 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hatshepsut",
        "Farao",
        "Breidde handel uit en bouwde monumenten",
        "Egypte",
        "c.1479–1458 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Akhenaten",
        "Farao",
        "Voerde monotheïsme (Aton) in",
        "Egypte",
        "c.1353–1336 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hypatia",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Verdiepte astronomie en wiskunde",
        "Alexandrië, Egypte",
        "c.360–415 n.Chr.",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Homerus",
        "Dichter",
        "Schreef Ilias en Odyssee",
        "Griekenland",
        "c.8e eeuw v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sappho",
        "Dichter",
        "Lyrische poëzie",
        "Lesbos, Griekenland",
        "c.630–570 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Thales van Milete",
        "Filosoof",
        "Eerste bekende filosoof",
        "Ionië, Griekenland",
        "c.624–546 v.Chr.",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Pythagoras",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Stelling van Pythagoras",
        "Samos/Croton",
        "c.570–495 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    ("Heraclitus", "Filosoof", "Leer van verandering", "Efeze", "c.535–475 v.Chr.", 60),
    (
        "Parmenides",
        "Filosoof",
        "Theorie van zijn",
        "Elea, Griekenland",
        "c.515–450 v.Chr.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Anaxagoras",
        "Filosoof",
        "Introduceerde geest (nous)",
        "Athene",
        "c.500–428 v.Chr.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Empedocles",
        "Filosoof",
        "Theorie van vier elementen",
        "Sicilië (Akragas)",
        "c.495–435 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Socrates",
        "Filosoof",
        "Grondlegger westerse filosofie",
        "Athene",
        "470–399 v.Chr.",
        71,
    ),
    ("Plato", "Filosoof", "Oprichter van de Academie", "Athene", "427–347 v.Chr.", 80),
    (
        "Aristoteles",
        "Filosoof",
        "Ontwikkelde formele logica",
        "Athene",
        "384–322 v.Chr.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Democritus",
        "Filosoof",
        "Ontwikkelde atoomtheorie",
        "Abdera, Griekenland",
        "c.460–370 v.Chr.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Hippocrates",
        "Arts",
        "Vader van de geneeskunde",
        "Kos, Griekenland",
        "c.460–370 v.Chr.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Pericles",
        "Staatsman",
        "Leidde Athene in gouden eeuw",
        "Athene",
        "c.495–429 v.Chr.",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Aeschylus",
        "Toneelschrijver",
        "Vader van de tragedie",
        "Athene",
        "c.525–456 v.Chr.",
        69,
    ),
    (
        "Sophocles",
        "Toneelschrijver",
        "Schreef Oedipus Rex",
        "Athene",
        "c.497–406 v.Chr.",
        91,
    ),
    ("Euripides", "Toneelschrijver", "Schreef Medea", "Athene", "c.480–406 v.Chr.", 74),
    (
        "Aristophanes",
        "Toneelschrijver",
        "Vader van de komedie",
        "Athene",
        "c.446–386 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Herodotus",
        "Historicus",
        "Vader van de geschiedenis",
        "Halicarnassus, Griekenland",
        "c.484–425 v.Chr.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Thucydides",
        "Historicus",
        "Geschiedenis van Peloponnesische Oorlog",
        "Athene",
        "c.460–400 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Xenophon",
        "Historicus",
        "Anabasis en socratische teksten",
        "Athene",
        "c.430–354 v.Chr.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Wetenschapper",
        "Ontdekte hefboomwetten",
        "Syracuse",
        "c.287–212 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Euclides",
        "Wiskundige",
        "Vader van de meetkunde",
        "Alexandrië (Griekse wereld)",
        "c.325–265 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Aratus",
        "Dichter & Astronoom",
        "Schreef 'Phaenomena'",
        "Griekenland",
        "c.315–240 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zeno van Citium",
        "Filosoof",
        "Oprichter van het stoïcisme",
        "Athene",
        "c.334–262 v.Chr.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Epicurus",
        "Filosoof",
        "Oprichter van het epicurisme",
        "Athene",
        "341–270 v.Chr.",
        71,
    ),
    (
        "Eratosthenes",
        "Wetenschapper",
        "Bepaalde omtrek van de aarde",
        "Alexandrië",
        "c.276–194 v.Chr.",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hipparchus",
        "Astronoom",
        "Stercatalogus en maanbaan",
        "Rhodos",
        "c.190–120 v.Chr.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Ptolemaeus",
        "Astronoom",
        "Geocentrisch model",
        "Alexandrië",
        "c.100–170 n.Chr.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Galenus",
        "Arts",
        "Medische theorieën 1000 jaar gebruikt",
        "Pergamon/Rome",
        "c.129–c.216 n.Chr.",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander de Grote",
        "Veroveraar",
        "Schiep uitgestrekt rijk",
        "Macedonië",
        "356–323 v.Chr.",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Philips II",
        "Koning van Macedonië",
        "Verenigde Griekse stadstaten",
        "Macedonië",
        "382–336 v.Chr.",
        46,
    ),
    (
        "Antigonos I",
        "Generaal",
        "Opvolger van Alexander",
        "Macedonië",
        "382–301 v.Chr.",
        81,
    ),
    (
        "Demosthenes",
        "Redenaar",
        "Verzetten tegen Macedonische invloed",
        "Athene",
        "384–322 v.Chr.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Cicero",
        "Redenaar & Filosoof",
        "Pleitte voor republiek",
        "Rome",
        "106–43 v.Chr.",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Lucretius",
        "Filosoof & Dichter",
        "Schreef 'De rerum natura'",
        "Rome",
        "c.99–55 v.Chr.",
        44,
    ),
    ("Virgilius", "Dichter", "Schreef de Aeneis", "Rome", "70–19 v.Chr.", 51),
    ("Horatius", "Dichter", "Romeinse lyrische poëzie", "Rome", "65–8 v.Chr.", 57),
    ("Ovidius", "Dichter", "Schreef Metamorfosen", "Rome", "43 v.Chr.–17 n.Chr.", 60),
    (
        "Livius",
        "Historicus",
        "Schreef Romeinse geschiedenis",
        "Rome",
        "59 v.Chr.–17 n.Chr.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Seneca de Jongere",
        "Filosoof",
        "Stoïcijnse geschriften",
        "Rome",
        "4 v.Chr.–65 n.Chr.",
        69,
    ),
    (
        "Tacitus",
        "Historicus",
        "Annalen en Geschiedenissen",
        "Rome",
        "c.56–120 n.Chr.",
        64,
    ),
    (
        "Plinius de Oudere",
        "Natuuronderzoeker",
        "Schreef Natuurlijke Historie",
        "Rome",
        "23–79 n.Chr.",
        56,
    ),
    (
        "Plinius de Jongere",
        "Auteur",
        "Getuige Vesuvius-uitbarsting",
        "Rome",
        "61–113 n.Chr.",
        52,
    ),
    (
        "Marcus Aurelius",
        "Keizer & Filosoof",
        "Schreef 'Meditaties'",
        "Rome",
        "121–180 n.Chr.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Julius Caesar",
        "Generaal & Dictator",
        "Veranderde Romeinse Republiek",
        "Rome",
        "100–44 v.Chr.",
        56,
    ),
    ("Augustus", "Keizer", "Eerste Romeinse keizer", "Rome", "63 v.Chr.–14 n.Chr.", 77),
    ("Hadrianus", "Keizer", "Bouwde Hadrianusmuur", "Rome", "76–138 n.Chr.", 62),
    ("Trajanus", "Keizer", "Bereikte maximale rijkdom", "Rome", "53–117 n.Chr.", 64),
    ("Claudius", "Keizer", "Veroverde Brittannië", "Rome", "10 v.Chr.–54 n.Chr.", 64),
    ("Nero", "Keizer", "Berucht heerser", "Rome", "37–68 n.Chr.", 31),
    (
        "Constantijn I",
        "Keizer",
        "Legaliseerde christendom",
        "Rome/Byzantium",
        "272–337 n.Chr.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Theodosius I",
        "Keizer",
        "Maakte christendom staatsgodsdienst",
        "Rome",
        "347–395 n.Chr.",
        48,
    ),
]

ANTIQUITY_DE = [
    (
        "Imhotep",
        "Architekt & Arzt",
        "Entwarf die Stufenpyramide",
        "Ägypten",
        "ca.2650–2600 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Cheops",
        "Pharao",
        "Baute die Große Pyramide von Gizeh",
        "Ägypten",
        "ca.2589–2566 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hatschepsut",
        "Pharaonin",
        "Erweiterte Handel und baute Monumente",
        "Ägypten",
        "ca.1479–1458 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Echnaton",
        "Pharao",
        "Führte Monotheismus (Aton) ein",
        "Ägypten",
        "ca.1353–1336 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hypatia",
        "Mathematikerin",
        "Fortschritte in Astronomie und Mathematik",
        "Alexandria, Ägypten",
        "ca.360–415 n.Chr.",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Homer",
        "Dichter",
        "Schrieb Ilias und Odyssee",
        "Griechenland",
        "ca.8. Jh. v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sappho",
        "Dichterin",
        "Lyrische Dichtung",
        "Lesbos, Griechenland",
        "ca.630–570 v.Chr.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Thales von Milet",
        "Philosoph",
        "Erster bekannter Philosoph",
        "Ionien, Griechenland",
        "ca.624–546 v.Chr.",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Pythagoras",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Satz des Pythagoras",
        "Samos/Croton",
        "ca.570–495 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    ("Heraklit", "Philosoph", "Lehre vom Wandel", "Ephesos", "ca.535–475 v.Chr.", 60),
    (
        "Parmenides",
        "Philosoph",
        "Seinstheorie",
        "Elea, Griechenland",
        "ca.515–450 v.Chr.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Anaxagoras",
        "Philosoph",
        "Führte Geist (nous) ein",
        "Athen",
        "ca.500–428 v.Chr.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Empedokles",
        "Philosoph",
        "Lehre von den vier Elementen",
        "Sizilien (Akragas)",
        "ca.495–435 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Sokrates",
        "Philosoph",
        "Begründer der westlichen Philosophie",
        "Athen",
        "470–399 v.Chr.",
        71,
    ),
    ("Platon", "Philosoph", "Gründer der Akademie", "Athen", "427–347 v.Chr.", 80),
    (
        "Aristoteles",
        "Philosoph",
        "Entwickelte formale Logik",
        "Athen",
        "384–322 v.Chr.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Demokrit",
        "Philosoph",
        "Entwickelte Atomtheorie",
        "Abdera, Griechenland",
        "ca.460–370 v.Chr.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Hippokrates",
        "Arzt",
        "Vater der Medizin",
        "Kos, Griechenland",
        "ca.460–370 v.Chr.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Perikles",
        "Staatsmann",
        "Führte Athen in das Goldene Zeitalter",
        "Athen",
        "ca.495–429 v.Chr.",
        66,
    ),
    ("Aischylos", "Dramatiker", "Vater der Tragödie", "Athen", "ca.525–456 v.Chr.", 69),
    ("Sophokles", "Dramatiker", "Schrieb Ödipus Rex", "Athen", "ca.497–406 v.Chr.", 91),
    ("Euripides", "Dramatiker", "Schrieb Medea", "Athen", "ca.480–406 v.Chr.", 74),
    (
        "Aristophanes",
        "Dramatiker",
        "Vater der Komödie",
        "Athen",
        "ca.446–386 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Herodot",
        "Historiker",
        "Vater der Geschichte",
        "Halikarnassos, Griechenland",
        "ca.484–425 v.Chr.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Thukydides",
        "Historiker",
        "Geschichte des Peloponnesischen Krieges",
        "Athen",
        "ca.460–400 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Xenophon",
        "Historiker",
        "Anabasis und sokratische Texte",
        "Athen",
        "ca.430–354 v.Chr.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Archimedes",
        "Wissenschaftler",
        "Entdeckte Hebelgesetze",
        "Syrakus",
        "ca.287–212 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Euklid",
        "Mathematiker",
        "Vater der Geometrie",
        "Alexandria (griechische Welt)",
        "ca.325–265 v.Chr.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Aratos",
        "Dichter & Astronom",
        "Schrieb 'Phaenomena'",
        "Griechenland",
        "ca.315–240 v.Chr.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zenon von Kition",
        "Philosoph",
        "Gründer der Stoa",
        "Athen",
        "ca.334–262 v.Chr.",
        72,
    ),
    ("Epikur", "Philosoph", "Gründer des Epikureismus", "Athen", "341–270 v.Chr.", 71),
    (
        "Eratosthenes",
        "Wissenschaftler",
        "Berechnete Erdumfang",
        "Alexandria",
        "ca.276–194 v.Chr.",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hipparchos",
        "Astronom",
        "Sternekatalog und Mondbahn",
        "Rhodos",
        "ca.190–120 v.Chr.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Ptolemäus",
        "Astronom",
        "Geozentrisches Modell",
        "Alexandria",
        "ca.100–170 n.Chr.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Galen",
        "Arzt",
        "Medizinische Theorien 1000 Jahre genutzt",
        "Pergamon/Rom",
        "ca.129–ca.216 n.Chr.",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Alexander der Große",
        "Eroberer",
        "Schuf ein riesiges Reich",
        "Makedonien",
        "356–323 v.Chr.",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Philipp II.",
        "König von Makedonien",
        "Vereinigte griechische Stadtstaaten",
        "Makedonien",
        "382–336 v.Chr.",
        46,
    ),
    (
        "Antigonos I.",
        "General",
        "Nachfolger Alexanders",
        "Makedonien",
        "382–301 v.Chr.",
        81,
    ),
    (
        "Demosthenes",
        "Redner",
        "Widerstand gegen makedonischen Einfluss",
        "Athen",
        "384–322 v.Chr.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Cicero",
        "Redner & Philosoph",
        "Verfechter der Republik",
        "Rom",
        "106–43 v.Chr.",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Lukrez",
        "Philosoph & Dichter",
        "Schrieb 'Über die Natur der Dinge'",
        "Rom",
        "ca.99–55 v.Chr.",
        44,
    ),
    ("Vergil", "Dichter", "Schrieb die Aeneis", "Rom", "70–19 v.Chr.", 51),
    ("Horaz", "Dichter", "Römische Lyrik", "Rom", "65–8 v.Chr.", 57),
    ("Ovid", "Dichter", "Schrieb Metamorphosen", "Rom", "43 v.Chr.–17 n.Chr.", 60),
    (
        "Livius",
        "Historiker",
        "Schrieb römische Geschichte",
        "Rom",
        "59 v.Chr.–17 n.Chr.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Seneca der Jüngere",
        "Philosoph",
        "Stoische Schriften",
        "Rom",
        "4 v.Chr.–65 n.Chr.",
        69,
    ),
    ("Tacitus", "Historiker", "Annalen und Geschichten", "Rom", "ca.56–120 n.Chr.", 64),
    (
        "Plinius der Ältere",
        "Naturforscher",
        "Schrieb Naturgeschichte",
        "Rom",
        "23–79 n.Chr.",
        56,
    ),
    (
        "Plinius der Jüngere",
        "Autor",
        "Zeuge des Vesuvausbruchs",
        "Rom",
        "61–113 n.Chr.",
        52,
    ),
    (
        "Mark Aurel",
        "Kaiser & Philosoph",
        "Schrieb 'Meditationen'",
        "Rom",
        "121–180 n.Chr.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Julius Caesar",
        "General & Diktator",
        "Veränderte die römische Republik",
        "Rom",
        "100–44 v.Chr.",
        56,
    ),
    ("Augustus", "Kaiser", "Erster römischer Kaiser", "Rom", "63 v.Chr.–14 n.Chr.", 77),
    ("Hadrian", "Kaiser", "Baute Hadrianswall", "Rom", "76–138 n.Chr.", 62),
    ("Trajan", "Kaiser", "Erweiterte Reich auf Höchstmaß", "Rom", "53–117 n.Chr.", 64),
    ("Claudius", "Kaiser", "Eroberte Britannien", "Rom", "10 v.Chr.–54 n.Chr.", 64),
    ("Nero", "Kaiser", "Berüchtigter Herrscher", "Rom", "37–68 n.Chr.", 31),
    (
        "Konstantin I.",
        "Kaiser",
        "Legaliserte das Christentum",
        "Rom/Byzanz",
        "272–337 n.Chr.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Theodosius I.",
        "Kaiser",
        "Machte Christentum Staatsreligion",
        "Rom",
        "347–395 n.Chr.",
        48,
    ),
]

ANTIQUITY_FR = [
    (
        "Imhotep",
        "Architecte & médecin",
        "Conçu la pyramide à degrés",
        "Égypte",
        "vers 2650–2600 av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Khéops",
        "Pharaon",
        "Construit la Grande Pyramide de Gizeh",
        "Égypte",
        "vers 2589–2566 av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hatchepsout",
        "Pharaonne",
        "Développa le commerce et monuments",
        "Égypte",
        "vers 1479–1458 av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Akhenaton",
        "Pharaon",
        "Introduisit le monothéisme (Aton)",
        "Égypte",
        "vers 1353–1336 av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hypatie",
        "Mathématicienne",
        "Avança en astronomie et mathématiques",
        "Alexandrie, Égypte",
        "vers 360–415 ap. J.-C.",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Homère",
        "Poète",
        "Écrivit l’Iliade et l’Odyssée",
        "Grèce",
        "vers 8e siècle av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sappho",
        "Poétesse",
        "Poésie lyrique",
        "Lesbos, Grèce",
        "vers 630–570 av. J.-C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Thalès de Milet",
        "Philosophe",
        "Premier philosophe connu",
        "Ionie, Grèce",
        "vers 624–546 av. J.-C.",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Pythagore",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Théorème de Pythagore",
        "Samos/Crotone",
        "vers 570–495 av. J.-C.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Héraclite",
        "Philosophe",
        "Doctrine du changement",
        "Éphèse",
        "vers 535–475 av. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Parménide",
        "Philosophe",
        "Théorie de l’être",
        "Élée, Grèce",
        "vers 515–450 av. J.-C.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Anaxagore",
        "Philosophe",
        "Introduisit le concept d’esprit (nous)",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 500–428 av. J.-C.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Empédocle",
        "Philosophe",
        "Théorie des quatre éléments",
        "Sicile (Agrigente)",
        "vers 495–435 av. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Socrate",
        "Philosophe",
        "Fondateur de la philosophie occidentale",
        "Athènes",
        "470–399 av. J.-C.",
        71,
    ),
    (
        "Platon",
        "Philosophe",
        "Fondateur de l’Académie",
        "Athènes",
        "427–347 av. J.-C.",
        80,
    ),
    (
        "Aristote",
        "Philosophe",
        "Développa la logique formelle",
        "Athènes",
        "384–322 av. J.-C.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Démocrite",
        "Philosophe",
        "Développa la théorie atomique",
        "Abdère, Grèce",
        "vers 460–370 av. J.-C.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Hippocrate",
        "Médecin",
        "Père de la médecine",
        "Cos, Grèce",
        "vers 460–370 av. J.-C.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Périclès",
        "Homme d’État",
        "Conduisit Athènes à l’âge d’or",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 495–429 av. J.-C.",
        66,
    ),
    (
        "Eschyle",
        "Dramaturge",
        "Père de la tragédie",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 525–456 av. J.-C.",
        69,
    ),
    (
        "Sophocle",
        "Dramaturge",
        "Écrivit Œdipe Roi",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 497–406 av. J.-C.",
        91,
    ),
    (
        "Euripide",
        "Dramaturge",
        "Écrivit Médée",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 480–406 av. J.-C.",
        74,
    ),
    (
        "Aristophane",
        "Dramaturge",
        "Père de la comédie",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 446–386 av. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Hérodote",
        "Historien",
        "Père de l’histoire",
        "Halicarnasse, Grèce",
        "vers 484–425 av. J.-C.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Thucydide",
        "Historien",
        "Histoire de la guerre du Péloponnèse",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 460–400 av. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Xénophon",
        "Historien",
        "Anabase et textes socratiques",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 430–354 av. J.-C.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Archimède",
        "Scientifique",
        "Découvrit les lois du levier",
        "Syracuse",
        "vers 287–212 av. J.-C.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Euclide",
        "Mathématicien",
        "Père de la géométrie",
        "Alexandrie (monde grec)",
        "vers 325–265 av. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Aratos",
        "Poète & astronome",
        "Écrivit 'Phénomènes'",
        "Grèce",
        "vers 315–240 av. J.-C.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zénon de Citium",
        "Philosophe",
        "Fondateur du stoïcisme",
        "Athènes",
        "vers 334–262 av. J.-C.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Épicure",
        "Philosophe",
        "Fondateur de l’épicurisme",
        "Athènes",
        "341–270 av. J.-C.",
        71,
    ),
    (
        "Ératosthène",
        "Scientifique",
        "Mesura la circonférence de la Terre",
        "Alexandrie",
        "vers 276–194 av. J.-C.",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hipparque",
        "Astronome",
        "Catalogue d’étoiles et orbite lunaire",
        "Rhodes",
        "vers 190–120 av. J.-C.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Ptolémée",
        "Astronome",
        "Modèle géocentrique",
        "Alexandrie",
        "vers 100–170 ap. J.-C.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Galien",
        "Médecin",
        "Théories médicales utilisées 1000 ans",
        "Pergame/Rome",
        "vers 129–216 ap. J.-C.",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Alexandre le Grand",
        "Conquérant",
        "Créa un vaste empire",
        "Macédoine",
        "356–323 av. J.-C.",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Philippe II",
        "Roi de Macédoine",
        "Unifia les cités grecques",
        "Macédoine",
        "382–336 av. J.-C.",
        46,
    ),
    (
        "Antigone I",
        "Général",
        "Successeur d’Alexandre",
        "Macédoine",
        "382–301 av. J.-C.",
        81,
    ),
    (
        "Démosthène",
        "Orateur",
        "Opposant à l’influence macédonienne",
        "Athènes",
        "384–322 av. J.-C.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Cicéron",
        "Orateur & philosophe",
        "Défenseur de la république",
        "Rome",
        "106–43 av. J.-C.",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Lucrèce",
        "Philosophe & poète",
        "Écrivit 'De la nature'",
        "Rome",
        "vers 99–55 av. J.-C.",
        44,
    ),
    ("Virgile", "Poète", "Écrivit l’Énéide", "Rome", "70–19 av. J.-C.", 51),
    ("Horace", "Poète", "Poésie lyrique romaine", "Rome", "65–8 av. J.-C.", 57),
    (
        "Ovide",
        "Poète",
        "Écrivit les Métamorphoses",
        "Rome",
        "43 av. J.-C.–17 ap. J.-C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Tite-Live",
        "Historien",
        "Écrivit l’histoire de Rome",
        "Rome",
        "59 av. J.-C.–17 ap. J.-C.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Sénèque le Jeune",
        "Philosophe",
        "Écrits stoïciens",
        "Rome",
        "4 av. J.-C.–65 ap. J.-C.",
        69,
    ),
    (
        "Tacite",
        "Historien",
        "Annales et Histoires",
        "Rome",
        "vers 56–120 ap. J.-C.",
        64,
    ),
    (
        "Pline l’Ancien",
        "Naturaliste",
        "Écrivit l’Histoire naturelle",
        "Rome",
        "23–79 ap. J.-C.",
        56,
    ),
    (
        "Pline le Jeune",
        "Auteur",
        "Témoin de l’éruption du Vésuve",
        "Rome",
        "61–113 ap. J.-C.",
        52,
    ),
    (
        "Marc Aurèle",
        "Empereur & philosophe",
        "Écrivit 'Méditations'",
        "Rome",
        "121–180 ap. J.-C.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Jules César",
        "Général & dictateur",
        "Transforma la République romaine",
        "Rome",
        "100–44 av. J.-C.",
        56,
    ),
    (
        "Auguste",
        "Empereur",
        "Premier empereur romain",
        "Rome",
        "63 av. J.-C.–14 ap. J.-C.",
        77,
    ),
    (
        "Hadrien",
        "Empereur",
        "Construit le mur d’Hadrien",
        "Rome",
        "76–138 ap. J.-C.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Trajan",
        "Empereur",
        "Étendit l’empire à son apogée",
        "Rome",
        "53–117 ap. J.-C.",
        64,
    ),
    (
        "Claude",
        "Empereur",
        "Conquit la Bretagne",
        "Rome",
        "10 av. J.-C.–54 ap. J.-C.",
        64,
    ),
    ("Néron", "Empereur", "Roi tristement célèbre", "Rome", "37–68 ap. J.-C.", 31),
    (
        "Constantin I",
        "Empereur",
        "Légalisa le christianisme",
        "Rome/Byzance",
        "272–337 ap. J.-C.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Théodose I",
        "Empereur",
        "Fit du christianisme la religion d’État",
        "Rome",
        "347–395 ap. J.-C.",
        48,
    ),
]

ANTIQUITY_ES = [
    (
        "Imhotep",
        "Arquitecto y médico",
        "Diseñó la pirámide escalonada",
        "Egipto",
        "c. 2650–2600 a.C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Keops",
        "Faraón",
        "Construyó la Gran Pirámide de Guiza",
        "Egipto",
        "c. 2589–2566 a.C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hatshepsut",
        "Faraona",
        "Expandió el comercio y construyó monumentos",
        "Egipto",
        "c. 1479–1458 a.C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Akenatón",
        "Faraón",
        "Introdujo el monoteísmo (Atón)",
        "Egipto",
        "c. 1353–1336 a.C.",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hipatia",
        "Matemática",
        "Avanzó en astronomía y matemáticas",
        "Alejandría, Egipto",
        "c. 360–415 d.C.",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Homero",
        "Poeta",
        "Escribió la Ilíada y la Odisea",
        "Grecia",
        "siglo 8 a.C.",
        None,
    ),
    ("Safo", "Poetisa", "Poesía lírica", "Lesbos, Grecia", "c. 630–570 a.C.", None),
    (
        "Tales de Mileto",
        "Filósofo",
        "Primer filósofo conocido",
        "Jonia, Grecia",
        "c. 624–546 a.C.",
        78,
    ),
    (
        "Pitágoras",
        "Matemático",
        "Teorema de Pitágoras",
        "Samos/Crotona",
        "c. 570–495 a.C.",
        75,
    ),
    ("Heráclito", "Filósofo", "Doctrina del cambio", "Éfeso", "c. 535–475 a.C.", 60),
    ("Parménides", "Filósofo", "Teoría del ser", "Elea, Grecia", "c. 515–450 a.C.", 65),
    (
        "Anaxágoras",
        "Filósofo",
        "Introdujo el concepto de espíritu (nous)",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 500–428 a.C.",
        72,
    ),
    (
        "Empédocles",
        "Filósofo",
        "Teoría de los cuatro elementos",
        "Sicilia (Agrigento)",
        "c. 495–435 a.C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Sócrates",
        "Filósofo",
        "Fundador de la filosofía occidental",
        "Atenas",
        "470–399 a.C.",
        71,
    ),
    ("Platón", "Filósofo", "Fundador de la Academia", "Atenas", "427–347 a.C.", 80),
    (
        "Aristóteles",
        "Filósofo",
        "Desarrolló la lógica formal",
        "Atenas",
        "384–322 a.C.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Demócrito",
        "Filósofo",
        "Desarrolló la teoría atómica",
        "Abdera, Grecia",
        "c. 460–370 a.C.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Hipócrates",
        "Médico",
        "Padre de la medicina",
        "Cos, Grecia",
        "c. 460–370 a.C.",
        90,
    ),
    (
        "Pericles",
        "Estadista",
        "Llevó a Atenas a la edad de oro",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 495–429 a.C.",
        66,
    ),
    ("Esquilo", "Dramaturgo", "Padre de la tragedia", "Atenas", "c. 525–456 a.C.", 69),
    ("Sófocles", "Dramaturgo", "Escribió Edipo Rey", "Atenas", "c. 497–406 a.C.", 91),
    ("Eurípides", "Dramaturgo", "Escribió Medea", "Atenas", "c. 480–406 a.C.", 74),
    (
        "Aristófanes",
        "Dramaturgo",
        "Padre de la comedia",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 446–386 a.C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Heródoto",
        "Historiador",
        "Padre de la historia",
        "Halicarnaso, Grecia",
        "c. 484–425 a.C.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Tucídides",
        "Historiador",
        "Historia de la guerra del Peloponeso",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 460–400 a.C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Jenofonte",
        "Historiador",
        "Anábasis y textos socráticos",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 430–354 a.C.",
        76,
    ),
    (
        "Arquímedes",
        "Científico",
        "Descubrió leyes del palanca",
        "Syracuse",
        "c. 287–212 a.C.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Euclides",
        "Matemático",
        "Padre de la geometría",
        "Alejandría (mundo griego)",
        "c. 325–265 a.C.",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Árato",
        "Poeta y astrónomo",
        "Escribió 'Fenómenos'",
        "Grecia",
        "c. 315–240 a.C.",
        75,
    ),
    (
        "Zenón de Citio",
        "Filósofo",
        "Fundador del estoicismo",
        "Atenas",
        "c. 334–262 a.C.",
        72,
    ),
    ("Epicuro", "Filósofo", "Fundador del epicureísmo", "Atenas", "341–270 a.C.", 71),
    (
        "Eratóstenes",
        "Científico",
        "Calculó la circunferencia de la Tierra",
        "Alejandría",
        "c. 276–194 a.C.",
        82,
    ),
    (
        "Hiparco",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Catálogo de estrellas y órbita lunar",
        "Rodas",
        "c. 190–120 a.C.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Ptolomeo",
        "Astrónomo",
        "Modelo geocéntrico",
        "Alejandría",
        "c. 100–170 d.C.",
        70,
    ),
    (
        "Galeno",
        "Médico",
        "Teorías médicas usadas 1000 años",
        "Pérgamo/Roma",
        "c. 129–216 d.C.",
        87,
    ),
    (
        "Alejandro Magno",
        "Conquistador",
        "Creó un vasto imperio",
        "Macedonia",
        "356–323 a.C.",
        33,
    ),
    (
        "Felipe II",
        "Rey de Macedonia",
        "Unificó las ciudades griegas",
        "Macedonia",
        "382–336 a.C.",
        46,
    ),
    ("Antígono I", "General", "Sucesor de Alejandro", "Macedonia", "382–301 a.C.", 81),
    (
        "Demóstenes",
        "Orador",
        "Resistencia a la influencia macedonia",
        "Atenas",
        "384–322 a.C.",
        62,
    ),
    (
        "Cicerón",
        "Orador y filósofo",
        "Defensor de la república",
        "Roma",
        "106–43 a.C.",
        63,
    ),
    (
        "Lucrecio",
        "Filósofo y poeta",
        "Escribió 'De la naturaleza'",
        "Roma",
        "c. 99–55 a.C.",
        44,
    ),
    ("Virgilio", "Poeta", "Escribió la Eneida", "Roma", "70–19 a.C.", 51),
    ("Horacio", "Poeta", "Poesía lírica romana", "Roma", "65–8 a.C.", 57),
    ("Ovidio", "Poeta", "Escribió las Metamorfosis", "Roma", "43 a.C.–17 d.C.", 60),
    (
        "Tito Livio",
        "Historiador",
        "Escribió historia de Roma",
        "Roma",
        "59 a.C.–17 d.C.",
        76,
    ),
    ("Séneca el Joven", "Filósofo", "Escritos estoicos", "Roma", "4 a.C.–65 d.C.", 69),
    ("Tácito", "Historiador", "Anales e Historias", "Roma", "c. 56–120 d.C.", 64),
    (
        "Plinio el Viejo",
        "Naturalista",
        "Escribió Historia Natural",
        "Roma",
        "23–79 d.C.",
        56,
    ),
    (
        "Plinio el Joven",
        "Autor",
        "Testigo de la erupción del Vesubio",
        "Roma",
        "61–113 d.C.",
        52,
    ),
    (
        "Marco Aurelio",
        "Emperador y filósofo",
        "Escribió 'Meditaciones'",
        "Roma",
        "121–180 d.C.",
        59,
    ),
    (
        "Julio César",
        "General y dictador",
        "Transformó la República romana",
        "Roma",
        "100–44 a.C.",
        56,
    ),
    ("Augusto", "Emperador", "Primer emperador romano", "Roma", "63 a.C.–14 d.C.", 77),
    ("Adriano", "Emperador", "Construyó el muro de Adriano", "Roma", "76–138 d.C.", 62),
    (
        "Trajano",
        "Emperador",
        "Expandió el imperio al máximo",
        "Roma",
        "53–117 d.C.",
        64,
    ),
    ("Claudio", "Emperador", "Conquistó Britania", "Roma", "10 a.C.–54 d.C.", 64),
    ("Nerón", "Emperador", "Gobernante infame", "Roma", "37–68 d.C.", 31),
    (
        "Constantino I",
        "Emperador",
        "Legalizó el cristianismo",
        "Roma/Bizancio",
        "272–337 d.C.",
        65,
    ),
    (
        "Teodosio I",
        "Emperador",
        "Hizo del cristianismo religión oficial",
        "Roma",
        "347–395 d.C.",
        48,
    ),
]

# Music
BEST_SELLING_BANDS = [
    (
        "AC/DC",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Back in Black; many",
        "Australia",
        "1973 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Aerosmith",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Toys in the Attic; many",
        "United States",
        "1970 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Backstreet Boys",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Millennium; many",
        "United States",
        "1993 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Barbra Streisand",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "United States",
        "1963 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bee Gees",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Saturday Night Fever; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1958 - 2003",
        45,
    ),
    (
        "Billy Joel",
        "Pop/Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Stranger; many",
        "United States",
        "1971 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bob Dylan",
        "Folk rock, English",
        "Best sold: Greatest Hits; many",
        "United States",
        "1961 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bon Jovi",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Slippery When Wet; many",
        "United States",
        "1983 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Britney Spears",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Baby One More Time; many",
        "United States",
        "1998 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bruce Springsteen",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Born in the U.S.A.; many",
        "United States",
        "1972 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Carlos Santana",
        "Rock/Latin, English",
        "Best sold: Supernatural; many",
        "Mexico/United States",
        "1966 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Céline Dion",
        "Pop, English/French",
        "Best sold: Falling Into You; many",
        "Canada",
        "1980 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Chicago",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: 25 or 49 albums; many",
        "United States",
        "1967 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Coldplay",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Creedence Clearwater Revival",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Chronicle; many",
        "United States",
        "1967 - 1972",
        5,
    ),
    (
        "Def Leppard",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Hysteria; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1977 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Depeche Mode",
        "Synth‑pop, English",
        "Best sold: Violator; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1980 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Eagles",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Greatest Hits; many",
        "United States",
        "1971 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Elton John",
        "Pop/rock, English",
        "Best sold: Greatest Hits; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1962 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Elvis Presley",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Christmas Album; many",
        "United States",
        "1954 - 1977",
        23,
    ),
    (
        "Eminem",
        "Hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: The Eminem Show; many",
        "United States",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Fleetwood Mac",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: Rumours; many",
        "United Kingdom/US",
        "1967 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Frank Sinatra",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Swingin' Lovers; many",
        "United States",
        "1935 - 1995",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Garth Brooks",
        "Country, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "United States",
        "1984 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "George Strait",
        "Country, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "United States",
        "1976 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Gloria Estefan",
        "Pop/Latin, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Cuba/United States",
        "1975 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Guns N' Roses",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Appetite for Destruction; many",
        "United States",
        "1985 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Janet Jackson",
        "R&B, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "United States",
        "1982 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Justin Bieber",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Canada",
        "2007 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Led Zeppelin",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Led Zeppelin IV; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1968 - 1980",
        12,
    ),
    (
        "Madonna",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Like a Virgin; many",
        "United States",
        "1979 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Mariah Carey",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Music Box; many",
        "United States",
        "1988 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Metallica",
        "Metal, English",
        "Best sold: Black Album; many",
        "United States",
        "1981 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Michael Jackson",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Thriller; many",
        "United States",
        "1964 - 2009",
        45,
    ),
    (
        "Nirvana",
        "Grunge, English",
        "Best sold: Nevermind; 3 albums",
        "United States",
        "1987 - 1994",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "NSYNC",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: No Strings Attached; many",
        "United States",
        "1995 - 2002",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Pink Floyd",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Dark Side; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1965 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Prince",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Purple Rain; many",
        "United States",
        "1975 - 2016",
        41,
    ),
    (
        "Queen",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Greatest Hits; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1970 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "R.E.M.",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Automatic for the People; many",
        "United States",
        "1980 - 2011",
        31,
    ),
    (
        "Rihanna",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Barbados/United States",
        "2005 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rod Stewart",
        "Rock/Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Every Picture; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1961 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Roxette",
        "Pop rock, English/Swedish",
        "Best sold: Look Sharp!; many",
        "Sweden",
        "1986 - 2020",
        34,
    ),
    (
        "Santana",
        "Rock/Latin, English",
        "Best sold: Supernatural; many",
        "United States/Mexico",
        "1966 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Shania Twain",
        "Country pop, English",
        "Best sold: Come On Over; many",
        "Canada",
        "1993 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Simon & Garfunkel",
        "Folk, English",
        "Best sold: Bridge Over Troubled Water; many",
        "United States",
        "1964 - 1970",
        6,
    ),
    (
        "Taylor Swift",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: 1989; many",
        "United States",
        "2006 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Beach Boys",
        "Surf rock, English",
        "Best sold: Pet Sounds; many",
        "United States",
        "1961 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Beatles",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Sgt. Pepper / Abbey Road; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1960 - 1970",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "The Cure",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Disintegration; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1976 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Doors",
        "Psychedelic, English",
        "Best sold: The Doors; many",
        "United States",
        "1965 - 1973",
        8,
    ),
    (
        "The Rolling Stones",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Exile on Main St.; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1962 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Who",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Who's Next; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1964 - 1983",
        19,
    ),
    (
        "U2",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Joshua Tree; many",
        "Ireland",
        "1964 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Van Halen",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: 1984; many",
        "United States",
        "1974 - 2020",
        46,
    ),
    (
        "Whitney Houston",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: Bodyguard; many",
        "United States",
        "1985 - 2012",
        27,
    ),
]

POPULAR_BANDS = [
    (
        "2 Unlimited",
        "Eurodance, English",
        "Best sold: Get Ready!; 4 albums",
        "Netherlands/Belgium",
        "1991 - 1996",
        5,
    ),
    (
        "Ace of Base",
        "Pop/reggae, English",
        "Best sold: The Sign; 4 albums",
        "Sweden",
        "1990 - 2015",
        25,
    ),
    (
        "A-ha",
        "Synthpop, English",
        "Best sold: Hunting High and Low; 10 albums",
        "Norway",
        "1982 - 2010",
        28,
    ),
    (
        "Air Supply",
        "Soft rock, English",
        "Best sold: Lost in Love; many",
        "Australia",
        "1975 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "All Saints",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: All Saints; 4 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1993 - 2001",
        8,
    ),
    (
        "Anitta",
        "Pop, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Bang; many",
        "Brazil",
        "2013 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Aqua",
        "Pop/dance, English",
        "Best sold: Aquarium; 3 albums",
        "Denmark",
        "1994 - 2001",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Atomic Kitten",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Right Now; 3 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1998 - 2004",
        6,
    ),
    (
        "Backstreet Boys",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Millennium; 10 albums",
        "United States",
        "1993 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bananarama",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Wow!; 11 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1981 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Beach Boys",
        "Surf rock, English",
        "Best sold: Pet Sounds; many",
        "United States",
        "1961 - 1996",
        35,
    ),
    (
        "Beastie Boys",
        "Hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: Licensed to Ill; many",
        "United States",
        "1981 - 2012",
        31,
    ),
    (
        "Billy Joel",
        "Pop/Rock, English",
        "Best sold: The Stranger; many",
        "United States",
        "1971 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Blue",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: All Rise; 5 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "2000 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Boyzone",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: A Different Beat; 6 albums",
        "Ireland",
        "1993 - 2000",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Britney Spears",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: ...Baby One More Time; 9 albums",
        "United States",
        "1998 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Bruce Springsteen",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Born in the U.S.A.; many",
        "United States",
        "1972 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Buena Vista Social Club",
        "Son, Spanish",
        "Best sold: Buena Vista Social Club; 1 album",
        "Cuba",
        "1996 - 1997",
        1,
    ),
    (
        "B*Witched",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: B*Witched; 2 albums",
        "Ireland",
        "1997 - 2002",
        5,
    ),
    (
        "Caetano Veloso",
        "MPB, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Transa; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1967 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Café Tacvba",
        "Alt rock, Spanish",
        "Best sold: Re; many",
        "Mexico",
        "1989 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Carlos Santana",
        "Rock/Latin, English/Spanish",
        "Best sold: Supernatural; many",
        "Mexico/United States",
        "1966 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Celia Cruz",
        "Salsa, Spanish",
        "Best sold: La Negra Tiene Tumbao; many",
        "Cuba",
        "1948 - 2003",
        55,
    ),
    (
        "Celine Dion",
        "Pop, English/French",
        "Best sold: Falling Into You; many",
        "Canada",
        "1980 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Chico Buarque",
        "MPB, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Construção; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1966 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Christina Aguilera",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: Stripped; 8 albums",
        "United States",
        "1998 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Coldplay",
        "Alternative, English",
        "Best sold: Yellow singles; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Culture Beat",
        "Eurodance, English",
        "Best sold: Serenity; 2 albums",
        "Germany",
        "1989 - 2003",
        14,
    ),
    (
        "Cyndi Lauper",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: She's So Unusual; 11 albums",
        "United States",
        "1980 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "De La Soul",
        "Hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: 3 Feet High and Rising; many",
        "United States",
        "1987 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Depeche Mode",
        "Synth‑pop, English",
        "Best sold: Violator; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1980 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Destiny's Child",
        "R&B/pop, English",
        "Best sold: Survivor; 5 albums",
        "United States",
        "1990 - 2006",
        16,
    ),
    (
        "Dire Straits",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Brothers in Arms; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1977 - 1995",
        18,
    ),
    (
        "Duran Duran",
        "New wave/pop, English",
        "Best sold: Rio; 15 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1978 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Earth, Wind & Fire",
        "Soul/Funk, English",
        "Best sold: Gratitude; many",
        "United States",
        "1969 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Elton John",
        "Pop/Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Goodbye Yellow Brick Road; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1964 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Eminem",
        "Hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: The Eminem Show; many",
        "United States",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "En Vogue",
        "R&B/pop, English",
        "Best sold: Funky Divas; 6 albums",
        "United States",
        "1989 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Eurythmics",
        "Synthpop, English",
        "Best sold: Sweet Dreams; 9 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1980 - 1990",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "Foo Fighters",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: There Is Nothing Left to Lose; many",
        "United States",
        "1994 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Frank Sinatra",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Songs for Swingin’ Lovers!; many",
        "United States",
        "1935 - 1995",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Genesis",
        "Prog rock, English",
        "Best sold: Invisible Touch; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1967 - 1992",
        25,
    ),
    (
        "Gilberto Gil",
        "MPB, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Refavela; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1962 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Gloria Estefan",
        "Pop/Latin, English",
        "Best sold: Cuts Both Ways; 14 albums",
        "United States/Cuba",
        "1977 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Green Day",
        "Punk rock, English",
        "Best sold: Dookie; many",
        "United States",
        "1986 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hanson",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: Middle of Nowhere; 6 albums",
        "United States",
        "1992 - present",
        None,
    ),
    ("INXS", "Rock, English", "Best sold: Kick; many", "Australia", "1977 - 2012", 35),
    (
        "Janet Jackson",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: Janet.; 11 albums",
        "United States",
        "1982 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Jennifer Lopez",
        "Pop/R&B, English/Spanish",
        "Best sold: On the 6; 9 albums",
        "United States",
        "1999 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Jessica Simpson",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Sweet Kisses; 7 albums",
        "United States",
        "1999 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "La Bouche",
        "Eurodance, English",
        "Best sold: Sweet Dreams; 2 albums",
        "Germany",
        "1994 - 2001",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Legião Urbana",
        "Rock, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: As Quatro Estações; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1982 - 1996",
        14,
    ),
    (
        "Los Fabulosos Cadillacs",
        "Rock/Latin, Spanish",
        "Best sold: El León; many",
        "Argentina",
        "1985 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Los Tigres del Norte",
        "Norteño, Spanish",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Mexico",
        "1968 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Lynyrd Skynyrd",
        "Southern rock, English",
        "Best sold: Street Survivors; many",
        "United States",
        "1964 - 1977",
        13,
    ),
    (
        "Madonna",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Like a Virgin; 14 albums",
        "United States",
        "1979 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Maná",
        "Rock/Pop, Spanish",
        "Best sold: ¿Dónde Jugarán…?; many",
        "Mexico",
        "1986 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Mandy Moore",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: So Real; 6 albums",
        "United States",
        "1999 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Mariah Carey",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: Music Box; many",
        "United States",
        "1988 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Nightwish",
        "Symphonic, English",
        "Best sold: Once; many",
        "Finland",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Nirvana",
        "Grunge, English",
        "Best sold: Nevermind; 3 albums",
        "United States",
        "1987 - 1994",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "No Doubt",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: Tragic Kingdom; 6 albums",
        "United States",
        "1986 - 2004",
        18,
    ),
    (
        "NSYNC",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: No Strings Attached; 3 albums",
        "United States",
        "1995 - 2002",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Oasis",
        "Britpop, English",
        "Best sold: Morning Glory; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1991 - 2009",
        18,
    ),
    (
        "Os Mutantes",
        "Psychedelic, Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Os Mutantes; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1966 - 1978",
        12,
    ),
    (
        "Pet Shop Boys",
        "Synthpop, English",
        "Best sold: Actually; 14 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1981 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Pixies",
        "Alternative, English",
        "Best sold: Doolittle; many",
        "United States",
        "1986 - 1993",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Portugal. The Man",
        "Psychedelic, English",
        "Best sold: Woodstock; many",
        "United States",
        "2004 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rage Against the Machine",
        "Rap rock, English",
        "Best sold: RATM; many",
        "United States",
        "1991 - 2000",
        9,
    ),
    (
        "Rammstein",
        "Industrial, German",
        "Best sold: Mutter; many",
        "Germany",
        "1994 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Ricky Martin",
        "Pop/Latin, Spanish/English",
        "Best sold: Ricky Martin; 11 albums",
        "Puerto Rico",
        "1984 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Rod Stewart",
        "Rock/Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Every Picture Tells A Story; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1961 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Roxette",
        "Pop, English/Swedish",
        "Best sold: Look Sharp!; many",
        "Sweden",
        "1986 - 2020",
        34,
    ),
    (
        "Run–D.M.C.",
        "Hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: Raising Hell; many",
        "United States",
        "1981 - 2002",
        21,
    ),
    (
        "Savage Garden",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: Savage Garden; 2 albums",
        "Australia",
        "1994 - 2001",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Sepultura",
        "Metal, English/Portuguese",
        "Best sold: Roots; many",
        "Brazil",
        "1984 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Shakira",
        "Pop/Latin, Spanish/English",
        "Best sold: Laundry Service; 11 albums",
        "Colombia",
        "1990 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sigur Rós",
        "Post‑rock, Icelandic",
        "Best sold: Ágætis byrjun; many",
        "Iceland",
        "1994 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Snap!",
        "Eurodance, English",
        "Best sold: World Power; 3 albums",
        "Germany",
        "1989 - 1996",
        7,
    ),
    (
        "Soda Stereo",
        "Rock, Spanish",
        "Best sold: Canción Animal; many",
        "Argentina",
        "1982 - 1997",
        15,
    ),
    (
        "Søren Sørensen",
        "Pop, Danish/English",
        "Best sold: Hits; many",
        "Denmark",
        "1995 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Spandau Ballet",
        "New wave/pop, English",
        "Best sold: True; 7 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1979 - 1990",
        11,
    ),
    (
        "Spice Girls",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Spice; 3 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1994 - 2000",
        6,
    ),
    (
        "Steps",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Steptacular; 6 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1997 - 2001",
        4,
    ),
    (
        "System of a Down",
        "Rock, English/Armenian",
        "Best sold: Toxicity; many",
        "United States",
        "1994 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Take That",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Everything Changes; 9 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1990 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tame Impala",
        "Psychedelic, English",
        "Best sold: Currents; many",
        "Australia",
        "2007 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tears for Fears",
        "Pop rock, English",
        "Best sold: Songs from the Big Chair; 7 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1981 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Clash",
        "Punk, English",
        "Best sold: London Calling; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1976 - 1986",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "The Corrs",
        "Pop/Celtic, English",
        "Best sold: Talk On Corners; 6 albums",
        "Ireland",
        "1990 - 2006",
        16,
    ),
    (
        "The Cure",
        "Goth rock, English",
        "Best sold: Disintegration; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1976 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "The Smiths",
        "Indie, English",
        "Best sold: The Queen Is Dead; many",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1982 - 1987",
        5,
    ),
    (
        "The Velvet Underground",
        "Art rock, English",
        "Best sold: The Velvet Underground & Nico; many",
        "United States",
        "1964 - 1973",
        9,
    ),
    (
        "TLC",
        "R&B/pop, English",
        "Best sold: CrazySexyCool; 5 albums",
        "United States",
        "1990 - 2002",
        12,
    ),
    (
        "Toto",
        "Rock, English",
        "Best sold: Toto; many",
        "United States",
        "1977 - 2008",
        31,
    ),
    (
        "Westlife",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Coast to Coast; 12 albums",
        "Ireland",
        "1998 - 2012",
        14,
    ),
    (
        "Wham!",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Make It Big; 2 albums",
        "United Kingdom",
        "1981 - 1986",
        5,
    ),
    (
        "Whitney Houston",
        "Pop/R&B, English",
        "Best sold: The Bodyguard; many",
        "United States",
        "1985 - 2012",
        27,
    ),
    (
        "Wilson Phillips",
        "Pop, English",
        "Best sold: Wilson Phillips; 3 albums",
        "United States",
        "1989 - 1993",
        4,
    ),
    (
        "Within Temptation",
        "Symphonic, English",
        "Best sold: Mother Earth; many",
        "Netherlands",
        "1996 - present",
        None,
    ),
]

AFRICAN_BANDS = [
    (
        "Osibisa",
        "Afro-rock, English",
        "Best sold: Woyaya; many albums",
        "Ghana/UK",
        "1969 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Orchestra Baobab",
        "Afro-Cuban jazz, Wolof",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Senegal",
        "1970 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Zaïko Langa Langa",
        "Congolese rumba",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "1969 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Witch",
        "Zamrock (psychedelic rock)",
        "Best sold: Sogolo; many",
        "Zambia",
        "1970s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Les Wanyika",
        "Rumba, Swahili",
        "Best sold: Pamela; many",
        "Tanzania/Kenya",
        "1978 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Matata",
        "Afro-funk, rock",
        "Best sold: Air Fiesta; 2 albums",
        "Kenya",
        "1960s - 1974",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "Mafikizolo",
        "Afropop, English/Zulu",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "South Africa",
        "1997 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Die Antwoord",
        "Alternative hip hop, English",
        "Best sold: Ten$ion; many",
        "South Africa",
        "2008 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sauti Sol",
        "Afropop, English/Swahili",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Kenya",
        "2005 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Davido (band)",
        "Afropop, English",
        "Best sold: Fall; solo artist",
        "Nigeria",
        "2011 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Diamond Platnumz (band)",
        "Bongo Flava, Swahili",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Tanzania",
        "2004 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tinariwen",
        "Desert Blues, Tamasheq",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Mali",
        "1979 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Orchestre Poly-Rythmo",
        "Funk/highlife, Fon",
        "Best sold: many; 50+ albums",
        "Benin",
        "1968 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tabu Ley & Afrisa International",
        "Soukous, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "1960s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Papa Wemba & Viva La Musica",
        "Soukous, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "1970s - 1990s",
        20,
    ),
    (
        "Koffi Olomide",
        "Soukous, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "1980s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Wenge Musica",
        "Soukous, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "1980s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Freshlyground",
        "Afro-fusion/pop, English",
        "Best sold: Waka Waka; many",
        "South Africa",
        "2002 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Hugh Masekela (band)",
        "Jazz/Afrobeat, Instrumental",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "South Africa",
        "1950s - 2018",
        60,
    ),
    (
        "Youssou N'Dour (band)",
        "Mbalax, Wolof",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Senegal",
        "1970s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Amadou & Mariam (band)",
        "Afropop, French/Bambara",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Mali",
        "1980s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Miriam Makeba (band)",
        "Afropop, Xhosa/English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "South Africa",
        "1950s - 2008",
        50,
    ),
    (
        "Ali Farka Touré (band)",
        "Blues, Songhai",
        "Best sold: Talking Timbuktu; many",
        "Mali",
        "1970s - 2006",
        30,
    ),
    (
        "Mulatu Astatke (band)",
        "Ethio-jazz, Amharic",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Ethiopia",
        "1960s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Francis Bebey (band)",
        "Folk/psychedelic, French",
        "Best sold: Psy. Sanza; many",
        "Cameroon",
        "1960s - 2000",
        40,
    ),
    (
        "Dur-Dur Band",
        "Pop, Somali",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Somalia",
        "1980s - 1990s",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "Super Djata Band",
        "Highlife, Susu",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Guinea",
        "1970s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Dur-Dur Band",
        "Somali pop, Somali",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Somalia",
        "1980s - 1990s",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "Musi-o-Tunya",
        "Zamrock, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Zambia",
        "1970s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Amanaz",
        "Zamrock, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Zambia",
        "1970s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Peace and Ngozi Family",
        "Zamrock, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Zambia",
        "1970s - 1980s",
        10,
    ),
    (
        "Fela Kuti (band)",
        "Afrobeat, English/Yoruba",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Nigeria",
        "1960s - 1997",
        30,
    ),
    (
        "Ibibo Sound Machine",
        "Afro-funk, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "UK/Nigeria",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "KOKOKO!",
        "Electronic, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "2015 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Obongjayar (live band)",
        "Alternative, English/Ijaw",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Nigeria",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sun-El Musician (band)",
        "House, English/Zulu",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "South Africa",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tinariwen",
        "Desert Blues, Tamasheq",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Mali",
        "1979 - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Odunsi (band)",
        "Alté, English",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Nigeria",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Sampa the Great (band)",
        "Hip hop, English/Bemba",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Zambia",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Ballaké Sissoko (ensemble)",
        "Kora/folk, Mandinka",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "Mali",
        "1990s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Mbongwana Star",
        "Congolese, Lingala",
        "Best sold: many; many",
        "DR Congo",
        "2010s - present",
        None,
    ),
    (
        "Tinariwen",
        "Desert Blues, Tamasheq",
        "Best sold: more; many",
        "Mali",
        "1979 - present",
        None,
    ),
]

# === END ===
