# hip-cargo

`hip-cargo` is an attempt to liberate developers from maintaining their packages in [`cult-cargo`](https://github.com/caracal-pipeline/cult-cargo).
The core concept boils down to maintaining a lightweight package that only installs the [`stimela`](https://github.com/caracal-pipeline/stimela) cabs required to run a linked and versioned containerized image of the package.
This makes it possible to install the package alongside `cult-cargo` and include cabs into recipes using the syntax
```yaml
_include:
  - (module.cabs)cab_name.yml
```
In principle, that's all there is to it.
The `hip-cargo` package does not dictate how you should go about structuring your package.
Instead, it serves as an example of how to design auto-documenting CLI interfaces using Typer with automated cab generation and containerisation.
It provides utilities to convert function signatures into `stimela` cabs (and vice versa) for packages that mimic its structure.

## Installation

```bash
pip install hip-cargo
```

Or for development:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/landmanbester/hip-cargo.git
cd hip-cargo
uv sync --group dev --group test
uv run pre-commit install
```

## Key Principles

1. **Separate CLI from implementation**: Keep CLI modules lightweight with lazy imports. Keep them all in the `src/mypackage/cli` directory and define the CLI for each command in a separate file. Construct the main Typer app in `src/mypackage/cli/__init__.py` and register commands there.
2. **Separate cabs directory at same level as `cli`**: Use `hip-cargo` to auto-generate cabs into in `src/mypackage/cabs/` directory with the `generate_cabs.py` script. There should be a separate `src/mypackage/cli/mycommand.py` file corresponding to each cab.
3. **Single app, multiple commands**: Use one Typer app that registers all commands. If you need a separate app you might as well create a separate repository for it.
4. **Lazy imports**: Import heavy dependencies (NumPy, JAX, Dask) only when executing
5. **Linked GitHub package with container image**: Maintain an up to date `Dockerfile` that installs the full package and use **Docker** (or **Podman**) to upload the image to the GitHub Container registry. Link this to your GitHub repository.

## Quick Start
The following instructions provide a guide on how to structure a package for use with `hip-cargo`.
Note that `hip-cargo` itself follows exactly this structure and will be used as the running example throughout.
It provides two utility functions viz.

* `generate-cabs`: Generate cabs from Typer CLI definitions.
* `generate-function`: Generate a Typer CLI definition from a cab.

By default, `hip-cargo` installs a lightweight version of the package that only provides the CLI and the cab definitions required for using the linked container image with `stimela`.
Upon installation, an executable called `cargo` is added to the `PATH`.
`cargo` is a Typer command group containing multiple commands.
Available commands can be listed using
```bash
cargo --help
```
This should print something like the following

![CLI Help](docs/cli-help.svg)

Documentation on each individual command can be obtained by calling help for the command e.g.
```bash
cargo generate-cabs --help
```
The full package should be available as a container image on the [GitHub Container Registry](https://docs.github.com/en/packages/working-with-a-github-packages-registry/working-with-the-container-registry).
The `Dockerfile` for the project should install the full package, not the lightweight version.
This is used to build the container image that is uploaded to the registry.
The image should be tagged with a version so that `stimela` knows how to match cab configuration to images.
The following versioning schema is proposed:

* use semantic versioning for releases
* use `latest` tag for `main`/`master` branch
* use `branch-name` when developing new features

This can all be automated with pre-commit hooks and GitHub actions.
Use pre-commit hooks to auto-generate cab definitions on each commit.
See the [publish-container](./.github/workflows/publish-container.yml) workflow for an example of how to set up GitHub Actions for automation.

## Package Structure

We recommend using [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) as the package manager.
Initialize your project with the following structure (again using `hip-cargo` as the example):

```
hip-cargo/
├── .github
│   ├── dependabot.yml
│   └── workflows
│       ├── ci.yml
│       ├── publish-container.yml
│       └── publish.yml
├── scripts                      # Automation scripts
│   └── generate_cabs.py
├── src
│   └── hip_cargo
│       ├── cabs                 # Generated cab definitions (YAML)
│       │   ├── __init__.py
│       │   ├── generate_cabs.yml
│       │   └── generate_function.yml
│       ├── cli                  # Lightweight CLI wrappers
│       │   ├── __init__.py
│       │   ├── generate_cabs.py
│       │   └── generate_function.py
│       ├── core                 # Core implementations (lazy-loaded)
│       │   ├── __init__.py
│       │   ├── generate_cabs.py
│       │   └── generate_function.py
│       ├── recipes              # Stimela recipes for running commands via stimela
│       │   ├── __init__.py
│       │   └── gen_cabs.yml
│       └── utils                # Shared utilities
│           ├── __init__.py
│           ├── cab_to_function.py
│           ├── decorators.py
│           └── introspector.py
├── tests
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── conftest.py
├── Dockerfile                   # For containerization
├── LICENSE                      # MIT or BSD3 license encouraged
├── .pre-commit-config.yaml      # You should use these if you don't already
├── .gitignore                   # make sure your .lock file is not ignored
├── pyproject.toml               # PEP 621 compliant
├── tbump.toml                   # this makes releases so much easier
└── README.md                    # We are going to put all the docs in the project README's :no_mouth:

```
With this in place, we are ready to start.

### 1. Decorate your Python CLI

`uv` expects your modules to live in `src/mypackage/`.
As an example, let's see what the `generate-cabs` command looks like

<!-- CODE:generate-cabs:START -->
```python
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Annotated, NewType

import typer

from hip_cargo.utils.decorators import stimela_cab, stimela_output

Directory = NewType("Directory", Path)
File = NewType("File", Path)


@stimela_cab(
    name="generate_cabs",
    info="Generate Stimela cab definition from Python CLI function.",
)
@stimela_output(
    dtype="Directory",
    name="output-dir",
    info="Output directory for cab definition. The cab will have the exact same name as the command.",  # noqa: E501
)
def generate_cabs(
    module: Annotated[
        list[File],
        typer.Option(
            ...,
            parser=Path,
            help="CLI module path. "
            "Use wild card to generate cabs for multiple commands in module. "
            "For example, package/cli/*.",
        ),
    ],
    image: Annotated[
        str | None,
        typer.Option(
            help="Name of container image.",
        ),
    ] = None,
    output_dir: Annotated[
        Directory | None,
        typer.Option(
            parser=Path,
            help="Output directory for cab definition. The cab will have the exact same name as the command.",  # noqa: E501
        ),
    ] = None,
):
    """
    Generate Stimela cab definition from Python CLI function.
    """
    # Lazy import the core implementation
    from hip_cargo.core.generate_cabs import generate_cabs as generate_cabs_core  # noqa: E402

    # Call the core function with all parameters
    generate_cabs_core(
        module,
        image=image,
        output_dir=output_dir,
    )
```
<!-- CODE:generate-cabs:END -->

Each CLI module should be a separate file and all modules need to be registered as commands inside `src/cli/__init__.py`.
For `hip-cargo`, this is what it looks like

<!-- CODE:__init__:START -->
```python
"""Lightweight CLI for hip-cargo."""

import typer

app = typer.Typer(
    name="cargo",
    help="Tools for generating Stimela cab definitions from Python functions",
    no_args_is_help=True,
)


@app.callback()
def callback():
    """hip-cargo: a guide to designing self-documenting CLI interfaces using Typer + conversion utilities."""
    pass


# Register commands
from hip_cargo.cli.generate_cabs import generate_cabs  # noqa: E402
from hip_cargo.cli.generate_function import generate_function  # noqa: E402

app.command(name="generate-cabs")(generate_cabs)
app.command(name="generate-function")(generate_function)

__all__ = ["app"]
```
<!-- CODE:__init__:END -->

So we have two commands registered.
That's all we'll need for this demo.

## 2 Packaging
This is one of the core design principles.
The package `pyproject.toml` needs to be PEP 621 compliant, and it needs to enable a lightweight mode by default but also specify what the full dependencies are.
For `hip-cargo`, it looks like the following:

<!-- CODE:pyprojecttoml:START -->
```python
[project]
name = "hip-cargo"
version = "0.1.2"
description = "Tools for generating Stimela cab definitions from Python functions"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.10"
license = { text = "MIT" }
authors = [
    { name = "landmanbester", email = "lbester@sarao.ac.za" }
]
keywords = ["stimela", "typer", "cli", "yaml", "code-generation", "radio-astronomy"]
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Code Generators",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Astronomy",
]
dependencies = [
    "typer>=0.12.0",
    "pyyaml>=6.0",
    "typing-extensions>=4.15.0",
    "libcst==1.8.6",
]

[project.urls]
Homepage = "https://github.com/landmanbester/hip-cargo"
Repository = "https://github.com/landmanbester/hip-cargo"
"Bug Tracker" = "https://github.com/landmanbester/hip-cargo/issues"

[project.scripts]
cargo = "hip_cargo.cli:app"

[build-system]
requires = ["uv_build>=0.8.3,<0.11.0"]
build-backend = "uv_build"

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 120
target-version = "py310"

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "I", "N", "W"]
ignore = []

[tool.ruff.format]
quote-style = "double"
indent-style = "space"

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
python_files = ["test_*.py", "*_test.py"]
python_classes = ["Test*"]
python_functions = ["test_*"]
addopts = [
    "--strict-markers",
    "--strict-config",
    "--verbose",
]
markers = [
    "unit: Unit tests",
    "integration: Integration tests",
    "slow: Tests that take more time to run",
]

[dependency-groups]
dev = [
    "pytest>=8.4.2",
    "ruff>=0.13.2",
    "tbump>=6.11.0",
    "pre-commit>=4.0.0",
    "ipdb"
]
test = [
    "pytest>=8.0.0",
    "pytest-cov>=5.0.0",
]
```
<!-- CODE:pyprojecttoml:END -->


## Container Images and GitHub Actions

For `stimela` to use your package in containerized environments, you should publish OCI container images to GitHub Container Registry (ghcr.io).
This section shows how to automate this with GitHub Actions.

### 1. Create a Dockerfile

Add a `Dockerfile` at the root of your repository. For example:

```dockerfile
FROM python:3.11-slim

WORKDIR /app

# Install uv for fast package installation
COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /usr/local/bin/uv

# Copy package files
COPY pyproject.toml README.md ./
COPY src/ src/

# Install package with full dependencies using uv (much faster than pip)
RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache .

# Make CLI available
CMD ["cargo", "--help"]
```

### 2. Automate Cab Creation and Containerisation

You can automate cab generation using pre-commit hooks.
For example, you could define the following in your `.pre-commit-config.yaml`
```yaml
repos:
  - repo: local
    hooks:
      - id: generate-cabs
        name: Generate Stimela cab definitions
        entry: python scripts/generate_cabs.py
        language: system
        files: ^src/hip_cargo/cli/.*\.py$
        pass_filenames: false
        stages: [pre-commit]
```
This uses [this script](./scripts/generate_cabs.py) to generate cabs for all commands defined in your CLI module.
You should be able reuse the GitHub action for `hip-cargo` in `.github/workflows/update-cabs-and-publish.yml` to automate container creation for your project.
The basic idea is to validate your cab definitions and then to build and push the container to the GHCR.
The workflow will tag the container with the branch name if there is an open PR to your default branch.
Once the PR is merged, an action is triggered to update the image name in the cab definitions and push a `latest` version to GHCR.
Pushing semantically versioned tags will trigger the same workflow (this is where `tbump` is quite useful).
In this case the image name is tagged with the version.

### 3. Link Container to GitHub Package

To associate the container image with your repository:

1. **Automatic linking**: If your workflow pushes to `ghcr.io/username/repository-name`, GitHub automatically creates a package linked to the repository.

2. **Manual linking** (if needed):
   - Go to your repository on GitHub
   - Navigate to the "Packages" section
   - Click on your container package
   - Click "Connect repository" in the sidebar
   - Select your repository from the dropdown

3. **Set package visibility**:
   - In the package settings, set visibility to "Public" for open-source projects
   - This allows `stimela` to pull images without authentication

### 4. Using the Container with `stimela`

Once published, users should be able to simply include the cab definitions in their recipes.
This only requires installing the lightweight version of the package, so it shouldn't clash with any other packages, in particular `stimela` and `cult-cargo`.
Use the following syntax to include a cab in a recipe
```yaml
_include:
  - (mypackage.cabs)cab_name.yml
```

`stimela` will automatically pull the matching version based on the cab configuration.
You could optionally provide `stimela` recipes inside your project (see `src/hip_cargo/recipes`, for example).
If the lightweight version if the package is installed it should be possible to run these recipes directly using the syntax

```python
stimela run 'mypackage.recipes::killer_recipe.yml' recipe_name option1=option1...
```


## Type Inference

`hip-cargo` automatically recognizes custom `stimela` types.
These should be created using `typing.NewType`.
See the `generate-cabs` definition above for an example.

## Decorators

### `@stimela_cab`

Marks a function as a Stimela cab. (Probably incomplete but it's basically a dictionary mapping.)

- `name`: Cab name
- `info`: Description
- `policies`: Optional dict of cab-level policies

### `@stimela_output`

Defines a `stimela` output supporting the following fields (Probably incomplete but it's basically a dictionary mapping):

- `name`: Output name (top level, one below `cabs`)
- `dtype`: Data type (File, Directory, MS, etc.)
- `info`: Help string
- `required`: Whether output is required (`default: False`)
- `implicit`: Just use what you would put in the cab definition for `stimela`
- `policies`: Parameter level policies provided as a `dict`. See `stimela` [docs](https://stimela.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/schema_ref.html)
- `must_exist`: Whether an output has to exist when the task finishes (`default: False`)
- `mkdir`: create the directory if it does not exist (`default: False`)
- `path_policies`: Path policies provided as a `dict`. See `stimela` [docs](https://stimela.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/schema_ref.html)

Note that the order is important if you want to implement a [roundtrip test](tests/test_roundtrip.py).

## Features

- ✅ Automatic type inference from Python type hints
- ✅ Support for Typer Arguments (positional) and Options
- ✅ Multiple outputs automatically added to function signature if they are not implicit
- ✅ List types with automatic `repeat: list` policy
- ✅ Proper handling of default values and required parameters

## Development

This project uses:
- [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) for dependency management
- [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) for linting and formatting
- [typer](https://typer.tiangolo.com/) for the CLI


### Setting Up Development Environment (Incomplete below)

```bash
# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/landmanbester/hip-cargo.git
cd hip-cargo

# Install dependencies with development tools
uv sync --group dev --group test

# Install pre-commit hooks (recommended)
uv run pre-commit install
```

This will automatically run the hooks before each commit.
If any checks fail, the commit will be blocked until you fix the issues.

#### Running Hooks Manually

You can run the hooks manually on all files:

```bash
# Run on all files
uv run pre-commit run --all-files

# Run on staged files only
uv run pre-commit run
```

#### Updating Hook Versions

To update hook versions to the latest:

```bash
uv run pre-commit autoupdate
```

### Manual Code Quality Checks

If you prefer to run checks manually without pre-commit:

```bash
# Format code
uv run ruff format .

# Check and auto-fix linting issues
uv run ruff check . --fix

# Run tests
uv run pytest -v

```

### Contributing Workflow

1. **Create a feature branch**:
   ```bash
   git checkout -b feature/your-feature-name
   ```

2. **Make your changes** and ensure tests pass:
   ```bash
   uv run pytest -v
   ```

3. **Format and lint** (automatically done by pre-commit):
   ```bash
   git add .
   git commit -m "feat: your feature description"
   # Pre-commit hooks run automatically
   ```

4. **Push and create a pull request**:
   ```bash
   git push origin feature/your-feature-name
   ```

## License

MIT License
