import dis
import struct
import array
import types
import functools


try:
    _array_to_bytes = array.array.tobytes
except AttributeError:
    _array_to_bytes = array.array.tostring


class _Bytecode:
    def __init__(self):
        code = (lambda: x if x else y).__code__.co_code
        opcode, oparg = struct.unpack_from('BB', code, 2)

        # Starting with Python 3.6, the bytecode format has changed, using
        # 16-bit words (8-bit opcode + 8-bit argument) for each instruction,
        # as opposed to previously 24 bit (8-bit opcode + 16-bit argument)
        # for instructions that expect an argument and otherwise 8 bit.
        # https://bugs.python.org/issue26647
        if dis.opname[opcode] == 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE':
            self.argument = struct.Struct('B')
            self.have_argument = 0
            # As of Python 3.6, jump targets are still addressed by their
            # byte unit. This is matter to change, so that jump targets,
            # in the future might refer to code units (address in bytes / 2).
            # https://bugs.python.org/issue26647
            self.jump_unit = 8 // oparg
        else:
            self.argument = struct.Struct('<H')
            self.have_argument = dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT
            self.jump_unit = 1

    @property
    def argument_bits(self):
        return self.argument.size * 8


_BYTECODE = _Bytecode()


def _make_code(code, codestring):
    return code.replace(co_code=codestring)


def _parse_instructions(code):
    extended_arg = 0
    extended_arg_offset = None
    pos = 0

    while pos < len(code):
        offset = pos
        if extended_arg_offset is not None:
            offset = extended_arg_offset

        opcode = struct.unpack_from('B', code, pos)[0]
        pos += 1

        oparg = None
        if opcode >= _BYTECODE.have_argument:
            oparg = extended_arg | _BYTECODE.argument.unpack_from(code, pos)[0]
            pos += _BYTECODE.argument.size

            if opcode == dis.EXTENDED_ARG:
                extended_arg = oparg << _BYTECODE.argument_bits
                extended_arg_offset = offset
                continue

        extended_arg = 0
        extended_arg_offset = None
        yield (dis.opname[opcode], oparg, offset)


def _get_instruction_size(opname, oparg=0):
    size = 1

    extended_arg = oparg >> _BYTECODE.argument_bits
    if extended_arg != 0:
        size += _get_instruction_size('EXTENDED_ARG', extended_arg)
        oparg &= (1 << _BYTECODE.argument_bits) - 1

    opcode = dis.opmap[opname]
    if opcode >= _BYTECODE.have_argument:
        size += _BYTECODE.argument.size

    return size


def _get_instructions_size(ops):
    size = 0
    for op in ops:
        if isinstance(op, str):
            size += _get_instruction_size(op)
        else:
            size += _get_instruction_size(*op)
    return size


def _write_instruction(buf, pos, opname, oparg=0):
    extended_arg = oparg >> _BYTECODE.argument_bits
    if extended_arg != 0:
        pos = _write_instruction(buf, pos, 'EXTENDED_ARG', extended_arg)
        oparg &= (1 << _BYTECODE.argument_bits) - 1

    opcode = dis.opmap[opname]
    buf[pos] = opcode
    pos += 1

    if opcode >= _BYTECODE.have_argument:
        _BYTECODE.argument.pack_into(buf, pos, oparg)
        pos += _BYTECODE.argument.size

    return pos


def _write_instructions(buf, pos, ops):
    for op in ops:
        if isinstance(op, str):
            pos = _write_instruction(buf, pos, op)
        else:
            pos = _write_instruction(buf, pos, *op)
    return pos


def _find_labels_and_gotos(code):
    labels = {}
    gotos = []

    block_stack = []
    block_counter = 0

    opname1 = oparg1 = offset1 = None
    opname2 = oparg2 = offset2 = None
    opname3 = oparg3 = offset3 = None

    for opname4, oparg4, offset4 in _parse_instructions(code.co_code):
        if opname1 in ('LOAD_GLOBAL', 'LOAD_NAME'):
            if opname2 == 'LOAD_ATTR' and opname3 == 'POP_TOP':
                name = code.co_names[oparg1]
                if name == 'label':
                    if oparg2 in labels:
                        raise SyntaxError('Ambiguous label {0!r}'.format(
                            code.co_names[oparg2]
                        ))
                    labels[oparg2] = (offset1,
                                      offset4,
                                      tuple(block_stack))
                elif name == 'goto':
                    gotos.append((offset1,
                                  offset4,
                                  oparg2,
                                  tuple(block_stack)))
        elif opname1 in ('SETUP_LOOP',
                         'SETUP_EXCEPT', 'SETUP_FINALLY',
                         'SETUP_WITH', 'SETUP_ASYNC_WITH'):
            block_counter += 1
            block_stack.append(block_counter)
        elif opname1 == 'POP_BLOCK' and block_stack:
            block_stack.pop()

        opname1, oparg1, offset1 = opname2, oparg2, offset2
        opname2, oparg2, offset2 = opname3, oparg3, offset3
        opname3, oparg3, offset3 = opname4, oparg4, offset4

    return labels, gotos


def _inject_nop_sled(buf, pos, end):
    while pos < end:
        pos = _write_instruction(buf, pos, 'NOP')


def _patch_code(code):
    labels, gotos = _find_labels_and_gotos(code)
    buf = array.array('B', code.co_code)

    for pos, end, _ in labels.values():
        _inject_nop_sled(buf, pos, end)

    for pos, end, label, origin_stack in gotos:
        try:
            _, target, target_stack = labels[label]
        except KeyError:
            raise SyntaxError('Unknown label {0!r}'.format(
                code.co_names[label]
            ))

        target_depth = len(target_stack)
        if origin_stack[:target_depth] != target_stack:
            raise SyntaxError('Jump into different block')

        ops = []
        for i in range(len(origin_stack) - target_depth):
            ops.append('POP_BLOCK')
        ops.append(('JUMP_ABSOLUTE', target // _BYTECODE.jump_unit))

        if pos + _get_instructions_size(ops) > end:
            # not enough space, add code at buffer end and jump there
            buf_end = len(buf)

            go_to_end_ops = [('JUMP_ABSOLUTE', buf_end // _BYTECODE.jump_unit)]

            if pos + _get_instructions_size(go_to_end_ops) > end:
                # not sure if reachable
                raise SyntaxError('Goto in an incredibly huge function')

            pos = _write_instructions(buf, pos, go_to_end_ops)
            _inject_nop_sled(buf, pos, end)

            buf.extend([0] * _get_instructions_size(ops))
            _write_instructions(buf, buf_end, ops)
        else:
            pos = _write_instructions(buf, pos, ops)
            _inject_nop_sled(buf, pos, end)

    return _make_code(code, _array_to_bytes(buf))


def with_goto(func_or_code):
    if isinstance(func_or_code, types.CodeType):
        return _patch_code(func_or_code)

    return functools.update_wrapper(
        types.FunctionType(
            _patch_code(func_or_code.__code__),
            func_or_code.__globals__,
            func_or_code.__name__,
            func_or_code.__defaults__,
            func_or_code.__closure__,
        ),
        func_or_code
    )
