---
title: MCP Context
sidebarTitle: Context
description: Access MCP capabilities like logging, progress, and resources within your MCP objects.
icon: rectangle-code
---
import { VersionBadge } from '/snippets/version-badge.mdx'

When defining FastMCP [tools](/servers/tools), [resources](/servers/resources), resource templates, or [prompts](/servers/prompts), your functions might need to interact with the underlying MCP session or access server capabilities. FastMCP provides the `Context` object for this purpose.

## What Is Context?

The `Context` object provides a clean interface to access MCP features within your functions, including:

- **Logging**: Send debug, info, warning, and error messages back to the client
- **Progress Reporting**: Update the client on the progress of long-running operations
- **Resource Access**: Read data from resources registered with the server
- **LLM Sampling**: Request the client's LLM to generate text based on provided messages
- **Request Information**: Access metadata about the current request
- **Server Access**: When needed, access the underlying FastMCP server instance

## Accessing the Context

### Via Dependency Injection

To use the context object within any of your functions, simply add a parameter to your function signature and type-hint it as `Context`. FastMCP will automatically inject the context instance when your function is called.

**Key Points:**

- The parameter name (e.g., `ctx`, `context`) doesn't matter, only the type hint `Context` is important.
- The context parameter can be placed anywhere in your function's signature; it will not be exposed to MCP clients as a valid parameter.
- The context is optional - functions that don't need it can omit the parameter entirely.
- Context methods are async, so your function usually needs to be async as well.
- The type hint can be a union (`Context | None`) or use `Annotated[]` and it will still work properly.
- Context is only available during a request; attempting to use context methods outside a request will raise errors. If you need to debug or call your context methods outside of a request, you can type your variable as `Context | None=None` to avoid missing argument errors.

#### Tools

```python
from fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP(name="ContextDemo")

@mcp.tool
async def process_file(file_uri: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Processes a file, using context for logging and resource access."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return "Processed file"
```

#### Resources and Templates

<VersionBadge version="2.2.5" />

```python
@mcp.resource("resource://user-data")
async def get_user_data(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Fetch personalized user data based on the request context."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return {"user_id": "example"}

@mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
async def get_user_profile(user_id: str, ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Fetch user profile with context-aware logging."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return {"id": user_id}
```

#### Prompts

<VersionBadge version="2.2.5" />

```python
@mcp.prompt
async def data_analysis_request(dataset: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Generate a request to analyze data with contextual information."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return f"Please analyze the following dataset: {dataset}"
```


### Via Dependency Function

<VersionBadge version="2.2.11" />

While the simplest way to access context is through function parameter injection as shown above, there are cases where you need to access the context in code that may not be easy to modify to accept a context parameter, or that is nested deeper within your function calls.

FastMCP provides dependency functions that allow you to retrieve the active context from anywhere within a server request's execution flow:

```python {2,9}
from fastmcp import FastMCP, Context
from fastmcp.server.dependencies import get_context

mcp = FastMCP(name="DependencyDemo")

# Utility function that needs context but doesn't receive it as a parameter
async def process_data(data: list[float]) -> dict:
    # Get the active context - only works when called within a request
    ctx = get_context()    
    await ctx.info(f"Processing {len(data)} data points")
    
@mcp.tool
async def analyze_dataset(dataset_name: str) -> dict:
    # Call utility function that uses context internally
    data = load_data(dataset_name)
    await process_data(data)
```

**Important Notes:**

- The `get_context` function should only be used within the context of a server request. Calling it outside of a request will raise a `RuntimeError`.
- The `get_context` function is server-only and should not be used in client code.

## Context Capabilities

### Logging

Send log messages back to the MCP client. This is useful for debugging and providing visibility into function execution during a request.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def analyze_data(data: list[float], ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Analyze numerical data with logging."""
    await ctx.debug("Starting analysis of numerical data")
    await ctx.info(f"Analyzing {len(data)} data points")
    
    try:
        result = sum(data) / len(data)
        await ctx.info(f"Analysis complete, average: {result}")
        return {"average": result, "count": len(data)}
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        await ctx.warning("Empty data list provided")
        return {"error": "Empty data list"}
    except Exception as e:
        await ctx.error(f"Analysis failed: {str(e)}")
        raise
```

**Available Logging Methods:**

- **`ctx.debug(message: str)`**: Low-level details useful for debugging
- **`ctx.info(message: str)`**: General information about execution
- **`ctx.warning(message: str)`**: Potential issues that didn't prevent execution
- **`ctx.error(message: str)`**: Errors that occurred during execution
- **`ctx.log(level: Literal["debug", "info", "warning", "error"], message: str, logger_name: str | None = None)`**: Generic log method supporting custom logger names

### Progress Reporting

For long-running operations, notify the client about the progress. This allows clients to display progress indicators and provide a better user experience.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def process_items(items: list[str], ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Process a list of items with progress updates."""
    total = len(items)
    results = []
    
    for i, item in enumerate(items):
        # Report progress as percentage
        await ctx.report_progress(progress=i, total=total)
        
        # Process the item (simulated with a sleep)
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        results.append(item.upper())
    
    # Report 100% completion
    await ctx.report_progress(progress=total, total=total)
    
    return {"processed": len(results), "results": results}
```

**Method signature:**

- **`ctx.report_progress(progress: float, total: float | None = None)`**
  - `progress`: Current progress value (e.g., 24)
  - `total`: Optional total value (e.g., 100). If provided, clients may interpret this as a percentage.

Progress reporting requires the client to have sent a `progressToken` in the initial request. If the client doesn't support progress reporting, these calls will have no effect.

### Resource Access

Read data from resources registered with your FastMCP server. This allows functions to access files, configuration, or dynamically generated content.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def summarize_document(document_uri: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Summarize a document by its resource URI."""
    # Read the document content
    content_list = await ctx.read_resource(document_uri)
    
    if not content_list:
        return "Document is empty"
    
    document_text = content_list[0].content
    
    # Example: Generate a simple summary (length-based)
    words = document_text.split()
    total_words = len(words)
    
    await ctx.info(f"Document has {total_words} words")
    
    # Return a simple summary
    if total_words > 100:
        summary = " ".join(words[:100]) + "..."
        return f"Summary ({total_words} words total): {summary}"
    else:
        return f"Full document ({total_words} words): {document_text}"
```

**Method signature:**

- **`ctx.read_resource(uri: str | AnyUrl) -> list[ReadResourceContents]`**
  - `uri`: The resource URI to read
  - Returns a list of resource content parts (usually containing just one item)

The returned content is typically accessed via `content_list[0].content` and can be text or binary data depending on the resource.

### LLM Sampling

<VersionBadge version="2.0.0" />

Request the client's LLM to generate text based on provided messages. This is useful when your function needs to leverage the LLM's capabilities to process data or generate responses.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def analyze_sentiment(text: str, ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Analyze the sentiment of a text using the client's LLM."""
    # Create a sampling prompt asking for sentiment analysis
    prompt = f"Analyze the sentiment of the following text as positive, negative, or neutral. Just output a single word - 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'. Text to analyze: {text}"
    
    # Send the sampling request to the client's LLM (provide a hint for the model you want to use)
    response = await ctx.sample(prompt, model_preferences="claude-3-sonnet")
    
    # Process the LLM's response
    sentiment = response.text.strip().lower()
    
    # Map to standard sentiment values
    if "positive" in sentiment:
        sentiment = "positive"
    elif "negative" in sentiment:
        sentiment = "negative"
    else:
        sentiment = "neutral"
    
    return {"text": text, "sentiment": sentiment}
```

**Method signature:**

- **`ctx.sample(messages: str | list[str | SamplingMessage], system_prompt: str | None = None, temperature: float | None = None, max_tokens: int | None = None, model_preferences: ModelPreferences | str | list[str] | None = None) -> TextContent | ImageContent`**
  - `messages`: A string or list of strings/message objects to send to the LLM
  - `system_prompt`: Optional system prompt to guide the LLM's behavior
  - `temperature`: Optional sampling temperature (controls randomness)
  - `max_tokens`: Optional maximum number of tokens to generate (defaults to 512)
  - `model_preferences`: Optional model selection preferences (e.g., a model hint string, list of hints, or a ModelPreferences object)
  - Returns the LLM's response as TextContent or ImageContent

When providing a simple string, it's treated as a user message. For more complex scenarios, you can provide a list of messages with different roles.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def generate_example(concept: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Generate a Python code example for a given concept."""
    # Using a system prompt and a user message
    response = await ctx.sample(
        messages=f"Write a simple Python code example demonstrating '{concept}'.",
        system_prompt="You are an expert Python programmer. Provide concise, working code examples without explanations.",
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=300
    )
    
    code_example = response.text
    return f"```python\n{code_example}\n```"
```

See [Client Sampling](/clients/client#llm-sampling) for more details on how clients handle these requests.

### Request Information

Access metadata about the current request and client.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def request_info(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Return information about the current request."""
    return {
        "request_id": ctx.request_id,
        "client_id": ctx.client_id or "Unknown client"
    }
```

**Available Properties:**

- **`ctx.request_id -> str`**: Get the unique ID for the current MCP request
- **`ctx.client_id -> str | None`**: Get the ID of the client making the request, if provided during initialization

### Advanced Access


#### FastMCP Server and Sessions

```python
@mcp.tool
async def advanced_tool(ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Demonstrate advanced context access."""
    # Access the FastMCP server instance
    server_name = ctx.fastmcp.name
    
    # Low-level session access (rarely needed)
    session = ctx.session
    request_context = ctx.request_context
    
    return f"Server: {server_name}"
```

#### HTTP Requests

<VersionBadge version="2.2.7" />

<Warning>
The `ctx.get_http_request()` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Please use the `get_http_request()` dependency function instead.
See the [HTTP Requests pattern](/patterns/http-requests) for more details.
</Warning>

For web applications, you can access the underlying HTTP request:

```python
@mcp.tool
async def handle_web_request(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Access HTTP request information from the Starlette request."""
    request = ctx.get_http_request()
    
    # Access HTTP headers, query parameters, etc.
    user_agent = request.headers.get("user-agent", "Unknown")
    client_ip = request.client.host if request.client else "Unknown"
    
    return {
        "user_agent": user_agent,
        "client_ip": client_ip,
        "path": request.url.path,
    }
```

#### Advanced Properties Reference

- **`ctx.fastmcp -> FastMCP`**: Access the server instance the context belongs to
- **`ctx.session`**: Access the raw `mcp.server.session.ServerSession` object
- **`ctx.request_context`**: Access the raw `mcp.shared.context.RequestContext` object

<Warning>
Direct use of `session` or `request_context` requires understanding the low-level MCP Python SDK and may be less stable than using the methods provided directly on the `Context` object.
</Warning>
