---
title: MCP Context
sidebarTitle: Context
description: Access MCP capabilities like logging, progress, and resources within your MCP objects.
icon: rectangle-code
---
import { VersionBadge } from '/snippets/version-badge.mdx'

When defining FastMCP [tools](/servers/tools), [resources](/servers/resources), resource templates, or [prompts](/servers/prompts), your functions might need to interact with the underlying MCP session or access advanced server capabilities. FastMCP provides the `Context` object for this purpose.

## What Is Context?

The `Context` object provides a clean interface to access MCP features within your functions, including:

- **Logging**: Send debug, info, warning, and error messages back to the client
- **Progress Reporting**: Update the client on the progress of long-running operations
- **Resource Access**: Read data from resources registered with the server
- **LLM Sampling**: Request the client's LLM to generate text based on provided messages
- **User Elicitation**: Request structured input from users during tool execution
- **State Management**: Store and share data across middleware and tool calls within a request
- **Request Information**: Access metadata about the current request
- **Server Access**: When needed, access the underlying FastMCP server instance

## Accessing the Context

### Via Dependency Injection

To use the context object within any of your functions, simply add a parameter to your function signature and type-hint it as `Context`. FastMCP will automatically inject the context instance when your function is called.

**Key Points:**

- The parameter name (e.g., `ctx`, `context`) doesn't matter, only the type hint `Context` is important.
- The context parameter can be placed anywhere in your function's signature; it will not be exposed to MCP clients as a valid parameter.
- The context is optional - functions that don't need it can omit the parameter entirely.
- Context methods are async, so your function usually needs to be async as well.
- The type hint can be a union (`Context | None`) or use `Annotated[]` and it will still work properly.
- Context is only available during a request; attempting to use context methods outside a request will raise errors. If you need to debug or call your context methods outside of a request, you can type your variable as `Context | None=None` to avoid missing argument errors.

#### Tools

```python {1, 6}
from fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP(name="Context Demo")

@mcp.tool
async def process_file(file_uri: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Processes a file, using context for logging and resource access."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return "Processed file"
```

#### Resources and Templates

<VersionBadge version="2.2.5" />

```python {1, 6, 12}
from fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP(name="Context Demo")

@mcp.resource("resource://user-data")
async def get_user_data(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Fetch personalized user data based on the request context."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return {"user_id": "example"}

@mcp.resource("resource://users/{user_id}/profile")
async def get_user_profile(user_id: str, ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Fetch user profile with context-aware logging."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return {"id": user_id}
```

#### Prompts

<VersionBadge version="2.2.5" />

```python {1, 6}
from fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP(name="Context Demo")

@mcp.prompt
async def data_analysis_request(dataset: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Generate a request to analyze data with contextual information."""
    # Context is available as the ctx parameter
    return f"Please analyze the following dataset: {dataset}"
```


### Via Dependency Function

<VersionBadge version="2.2.11" />

While the simplest way to access context is through function parameter injection as shown above, there are cases where you need to access the context in code that may not be easy to modify to accept a context parameter, or that is nested deeper within your function calls.

FastMCP provides dependency functions that allow you to retrieve the active context from anywhere within a server request's execution flow:

```python {2,9}
from fastmcp import FastMCP
from fastmcp.server.dependencies import get_context

mcp = FastMCP(name="Dependency Demo")

# Utility function that needs context but doesn't receive it as a parameter
async def process_data(data: list[float]) -> dict:
    # Get the active context - only works when called within a request
    ctx = get_context()    
    await ctx.info(f"Processing {len(data)} data points")
    
@mcp.tool
async def analyze_dataset(dataset_name: str) -> dict:
    # Call utility function that uses context internally
    data = load_data(dataset_name)
    await process_data(data)
```

**Important Notes:**

- The `get_context` function should only be used within the context of a server request. Calling it outside of a request will raise a `RuntimeError`.
- The `get_context` function is server-only and should not be used in client code.

## Context Capabilities

FastMCP provides several advanced capabilities through the context object. Each capability has dedicated documentation with comprehensive examples and best practices:

### Logging

Send debug, info, warning, and error messages back to the MCP client for visibility into function execution.

```python
await ctx.debug("Starting analysis")
await ctx.info(f"Processing {len(data)} items") 
await ctx.warning("Deprecated parameter used")
await ctx.error("Processing failed")
```

See [Server Logging](/servers/logging) for complete documentation and examples.
### Client Elicitation

<VersionBadge version="2.10.0" />

Request structured input from clients during tool execution, enabling interactive workflows and progressive disclosure. This is a new feature in the 6/18/2025 MCP spec.

```python
result = await ctx.elicit("Enter your name:", response_type=str)
if result.action == "accept":
    name = result.data
```

See [User Elicitation](/servers/elicitation) for detailed examples and supported response types.

### LLM Sampling

<VersionBadge version="2.0.0" />

Request the client's LLM to generate text based on provided messages, useful for leveraging AI capabilities within your tools.

```python
response = await ctx.sample("Analyze this data", temperature=0.7)
```

See [LLM Sampling](/servers/sampling) for comprehensive usage and advanced techniques.


### Progress Reporting

Update clients on the progress of long-running operations, enabling progress indicators and better user experience.

```python
await ctx.report_progress(progress=50, total=100)  # 50% complete
```

See [Progress Reporting](/servers/progress) for detailed patterns and examples.

### Resource Access

Read data from resources registered with your FastMCP server, allowing access to files, configuration, or dynamic content.

```python
content_list = await ctx.read_resource("resource://config")
content = content_list[0].content
```

**Method signature:**
- **`ctx.read_resource(uri: str | AnyUrl) -> list[ReadResourceContents]`**: Returns a list of resource content parts

### State Management

<VersionBadge version="2.11.0" />

Store and share data across middleware and tool calls within a request. Context objects maintain a state dictionary that's especially useful for passing information from [middleware](/servers/middleware) to your tools.

To store a value in the context state, use `ctx.set_state(key, value)`. To retrieve a value, use `ctx.get_state(key)`.

This simplified example shows how to use MCP middleware to store user info in the context state, and how to access that state in a tool:

```python {7-8, 16-17}
from fastmcp.server.middleware import Middleware, MiddlewareContext

class UserAuthMiddleware(Middleware):
    async def on_call_tool(self, context: MiddlewareContext, call_next):

        # Middleware stores user info in context state
        context.fastmcp_context.set_state("user_id", "user_123")
        context.fastmcp_context.set_state("permissions", ["read", "write"])
        
        return await call_next()

@mcp.tool
async def secure_operation(data: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Tool can access state set by middleware."""

    user_id = ctx.get_state("user_id")  # "user_123"
    permissions = ctx.get_state("permissions")  # ["read", "write"]
    
    if "write" not in permissions:
        return "Access denied"
    
    return f"Processing {data} for user {user_id}"
```

**Method signatures:**
- **`ctx.set_state(key: str, value: Any) -> None`**: Store a value in the context state
- **`ctx.get_state(key: str) -> Any`**: Retrieve a value from the context state (returns None if not found)

**State Inheritance:**
When a new context is created (nested contexts), it inherits a copy of its parent's state. This ensures that:
- State set on a child context never affects the parent context
- State set on a parent context after the child context is initialized is not propagated to the child context

This makes state management predictable and prevents unexpected side effects between nested operations.

### Change Notifications

<VersionBadge version="2.9.1" />

FastMCP automatically sends list change notifications when components (such as tools, resources, or prompts) are added, removed, enabled, or disabled. In rare cases where you need to manually trigger these notifications, you can use the context methods:

```python
@mcp.tool
async def custom_tool_management(ctx: Context) -> str:
    """Example of manual notification after custom tool changes."""
    # After making custom changes to tools
    await ctx.send_tool_list_changed()
    await ctx.send_resource_list_changed()
    await ctx.send_prompt_list_changed()
    return "Notifications sent"
```

These methods are primarily used internally by FastMCP's automatic notification system and most users will not need to invoke them directly.

### FastMCP Server

To access the underlying FastMCP server instance, you can use the `ctx.fastmcp` property:

```python
@mcp.tool
async def my_tool(ctx: Context) -> None:
    # Access the FastMCP server instance
    server_name = ctx.fastmcp.name
    ...
```

### MCP Request

Access metadata about the current request and client.

```python
@mcp.tool
async def request_info(ctx: Context) -> dict:
    """Return information about the current request."""
    return {
        "request_id": ctx.request_id,
        "client_id": ctx.client_id or "Unknown client"
    }
```

**Available Properties:**

- **`ctx.request_id -> str`**: Get the unique ID for the current MCP request
- **`ctx.client_id -> str | None`**: Get the ID of the client making the request, if provided during initialization
- **`ctx.session_id -> str | None`**: Get the MCP session ID for session-based data sharing (HTTP transports only)

<Warning>
The MCP request is part of the low-level MCP SDK and intended for advanced use cases. Most users will not need to use it directly.
</Warning>