Function: ploth
Section: graphic
C-Name: ploth0
Wrapper: (,,G)
Description:
  (gen,gen,gen,?small,?small):gen:prec ploth(${3 cookie}, ${3 wrapper}, $1, $2, $4, $5, $prec)
Prototype: V=GGED0,M,D0,L,p\nParametric|1; Recursive|2; no_Rescale|4; no_X_axis|8; no_Y_axis|16; no_Frame|32; no_Lines|64; Points_too|128; Splines|256; no_X_ticks|512; no_Y_ticks|1024; Same_ticks|2048; Complex|4096
Help: ploth(X=a,b,expr,{flags=0},{n=0}): plot of expression expr, X goes
 from a to b in high resolution. Both flags and n are optional. Binary digits
 of flags mean: 1=Parametric, 2=Recursive, 4=no_Rescale, 8=no_X_axis,
 16=no_Y_axis, 32=no_Frame, 64=no_Lines (do not join points), 128=Points_too
 (plot both lines and points), 256=Splines (use cubic splines),
 512=no_X_ticks, 1024= no_Y_ticks, 2048=Same_ticks (plot all ticks with the
 same length), 4096=Complex (the two coordinates of each point are encoded
 as a complex number). n specifies number of reference points on the graph
 (0=use default value). Returns a vector for the bounding box.
Doc: high precision plot of the function $y=f(x)$ represented by the expression
 \var{expr}, $x$ going from $a$ to $b$. This opens a specific window (which is
 killed whenever you click on it), and returns a four-component vector giving
 the coordinates of the bounding box in the form
 $[\var{xmin},\var{xmax},\var{ymin},\var{ymax}]$.

 \misctitle{Important note} \kbd{ploth} may evaluate \kbd{expr} thousands of
 times; given the relatively low resolution of plotting devices, few
 significant digits of the result will be meaningful. Hence you should keep
 the current precision to a minimum (e.g.~9) before calling this function.

 $n$ specifies the number of reference point on the graph, where a value of 0
 means we use the hardwired default values (1000 for general plot, 1500 for
 parametric plot, and 8 for recursive plot).

 If no $\fl$ is given, \var{expr} is either a scalar expression $f(X)$, in which
 case the plane curve $y=f(X)$ will be drawn, or a vector
 $[f_1(X),\dots,f_k(X)]$, and then all the curves $y=f_i(X)$ will be drawn in
 the same window.

 \noindent The binary digits of $\fl$ mean:

 \item $1 = \kbd{Parametric}$: \tev{parametric plot}. Here \var{expr} must
 be a vector with an even number of components. Successive pairs are then
 understood as the parametric coordinates of a plane curve. Each of these are
 then drawn.

 For instance:
 \bprog
 ploth(X=0,2*Pi,[sin(X),cos(X)], "Parametric")
 ploth(X=0,2*Pi,[sin(X),cos(X)])
 ploth(X=0,2*Pi,[X,X,sin(X),cos(X)], "Parametric")
 @eprog\noindent draw successively a circle, two entwined sinusoidal curves
 and a circle cut by the line $y=x$.

 \item $2 = \kbd{Recursive}$: \tev{recursive plot}. If this flag is set,
 only \emph{one} curve can be drawn at a time, i.e.~\var{expr} must be either a
 two-component vector (for a single parametric curve, and the parametric flag
 \emph{has} to be set), or a scalar function. The idea is to choose pairs of
 successive reference points, and if their middle point is not too far away
 from the segment joining them, draw this as a local approximation to the
 curve. Otherwise, add the middle point to the reference points. This is
 fast, and usually more precise than usual plot. Compare the results of
 \bprog
 ploth(X=-1,1, sin(1/X), "Recursive")
 ploth(X=-1,1, sin(1/X))
 @eprog\noindent
 for instance. But beware that if you are extremely unlucky, or choose too few
 reference points, you may draw some nice polygon bearing little resemblance
 to the original curve. For instance you should \emph{never} plot recursively
 an odd function in a symmetric interval around 0. Try
 \bprog
 ploth(x = -20, 20, sin(x), "Recursive")
 @eprog\noindent
 to see why. Hence, it's usually a good idea to try and plot the same curve
 with slightly different parameters.

 The other values toggle various display options:

 \item $4 = \kbd{no\_Rescale}$: do not rescale plot according to the
 computed extrema. This is used in conjunction with \tet{plotscale} when
 graphing multiple functions on a rectwindow (as a \tet{plotrecth} call):
 \bprog
   s = plothsizes();
   plotinit(0, s[2]-1, s[2]-1);
   plotscale(0, -1,1, -1,1);
   plotrecth(0, t=0,2*Pi, [cos(t),sin(t)], "Parametric|no_Rescale")
   plotdraw([0, -1,1]);
 @eprog\noindent
 This way we get a proper circle instead of the distorted ellipse produced by
 \bprog
   ploth(t=0,2*Pi, [cos(t),sin(t)], "Parametric")
 @eprog

 \item $8 = \kbd{no\_X\_axis}$: do not print the $x$-axis.

 \item $16 = \kbd{no\_Y\_axis}$: do not print the $y$-axis.

 \item $32 = \kbd{no\_Frame}$: do not print frame.

 \item $64 = \kbd{no\_Lines}$: only plot reference points, do not join them.

 \item $128 = \kbd{Points\_too}$: plot both lines and points.

 \item $256 = \kbd{Splines}$: use splines to interpolate the points.

 \item $512 = \kbd{no\_X\_ticks}$: plot no $x$-ticks.

 \item $1024 = \kbd{no\_Y\_ticks}$: plot no $y$-ticks.

 \item $2048 = \kbd{Same\_ticks}$: plot all ticks with the same length.

 \item $4096 = \kbd{Complex}$: is a parametric plot but where each member of
 \kbd{expr} is considered a complex number encoding the two coordinates of a
 point. For instance:
 \bprog
 ploth(X=0,2*Pi,exp(I*X), "Complex")
 ploth(X=0,2*Pi,[(1+I)*X,exp(I*X)], "Complex")
 @eprog\noindent will draw respectively a circle and a circle cut by the line
 $y=x$.

 \synt{ploth}{void *E, GEN (*eval)(void*, GEN), GEN a, GEN b, long flags, long n, long prec},
