/*
 * diff-delta.c: generate a delta between two buffers
 *
 * This code was greatly inspired by parts of LibXDiff from Davide Libenzi
 * http://www.xmailserver.org/xdiff-lib.html
 *
 * Rewritten for GIT by Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>, (C) 2005-2007
 * Adapted for Bazaar by John Arbash Meinel <john@arbash-meinel.com> (C) 2009
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * NB: The version in GIT is 'version 2 of the Licence only', however Nicolas
 * has granted permission for use under 'version 2 or later' in private email
 * to Robert Collins and Karl Fogel on the 6th April 2009.
 */

#include <stdio.h>

#include "delta.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

/* maximum hash entry list for the same hash bucket */
#define HASH_LIMIT 64

#define RABIN_SHIFT 23
#define RABIN_WINDOW 16

/* The hash map is sized to put 4 entries per bucket, this gives us ~even room
 * for more data. Tweaking this number above 4 doesn't seem to help much,
 * anyway.
 */
#define EXTRA_NULLS 4

static const unsigned int T[256] = {
    0x00000000, 0xab59b4d1, 0x56b369a2, 0xfdeadd73, 0x063f6795, 0xad66d344,
    0x508c0e37, 0xfbd5bae6, 0x0c7ecf2a, 0xa7277bfb, 0x5acda688, 0xf1941259,
    0x0a41a8bf, 0xa1181c6e, 0x5cf2c11d, 0xf7ab75cc, 0x18fd9e54, 0xb3a42a85,
    0x4e4ef7f6, 0xe5174327, 0x1ec2f9c1, 0xb59b4d10, 0x48719063, 0xe32824b2,
    0x1483517e, 0xbfdae5af, 0x423038dc, 0xe9698c0d, 0x12bc36eb, 0xb9e5823a,
    0x440f5f49, 0xef56eb98, 0x31fb3ca8, 0x9aa28879, 0x6748550a, 0xcc11e1db,
    0x37c45b3d, 0x9c9defec, 0x6177329f, 0xca2e864e, 0x3d85f382, 0x96dc4753,
    0x6b369a20, 0xc06f2ef1, 0x3bba9417, 0x90e320c6, 0x6d09fdb5, 0xc6504964,
    0x2906a2fc, 0x825f162d, 0x7fb5cb5e, 0xd4ec7f8f, 0x2f39c569, 0x846071b8,
    0x798aaccb, 0xd2d3181a, 0x25786dd6, 0x8e21d907, 0x73cb0474, 0xd892b0a5,
    0x23470a43, 0x881ebe92, 0x75f463e1, 0xdeadd730, 0x63f67950, 0xc8afcd81,
    0x354510f2, 0x9e1ca423, 0x65c91ec5, 0xce90aa14, 0x337a7767, 0x9823c3b6,
    0x6f88b67a, 0xc4d102ab, 0x393bdfd8, 0x92626b09, 0x69b7d1ef, 0xc2ee653e,
    0x3f04b84d, 0x945d0c9c, 0x7b0be704, 0xd05253d5, 0x2db88ea6, 0x86e13a77,
    0x7d348091, 0xd66d3440, 0x2b87e933, 0x80de5de2, 0x7775282e, 0xdc2c9cff,
    0x21c6418c, 0x8a9ff55d, 0x714a4fbb, 0xda13fb6a, 0x27f92619, 0x8ca092c8,
    0x520d45f8, 0xf954f129, 0x04be2c5a, 0xafe7988b, 0x5432226d, 0xff6b96bc,
    0x02814bcf, 0xa9d8ff1e, 0x5e738ad2, 0xf52a3e03, 0x08c0e370, 0xa39957a1,
    0x584ced47, 0xf3155996, 0x0eff84e5, 0xa5a63034, 0x4af0dbac, 0xe1a96f7d,
    0x1c43b20e, 0xb71a06df, 0x4ccfbc39, 0xe79608e8, 0x1a7cd59b, 0xb125614a,
    0x468e1486, 0xedd7a057, 0x103d7d24, 0xbb64c9f5, 0x40b17313, 0xebe8c7c2,
    0x16021ab1, 0xbd5bae60, 0x6cb54671, 0xc7ecf2a0, 0x3a062fd3, 0x915f9b02,
    0x6a8a21e4, 0xc1d39535, 0x3c394846, 0x9760fc97, 0x60cb895b, 0xcb923d8a,
    0x3678e0f9, 0x9d215428, 0x66f4eece, 0xcdad5a1f, 0x3047876c, 0x9b1e33bd,
    0x7448d825, 0xdf116cf4, 0x22fbb187, 0x89a20556, 0x7277bfb0, 0xd92e0b61,
    0x24c4d612, 0x8f9d62c3, 0x7836170f, 0xd36fa3de, 0x2e857ead, 0x85dcca7c,
    0x7e09709a, 0xd550c44b, 0x28ba1938, 0x83e3ade9, 0x5d4e7ad9, 0xf617ce08,
    0x0bfd137b, 0xa0a4a7aa, 0x5b711d4c, 0xf028a99d, 0x0dc274ee, 0xa69bc03f,
    0x5130b5f3, 0xfa690122, 0x0783dc51, 0xacda6880, 0x570fd266, 0xfc5666b7,
    0x01bcbbc4, 0xaae50f15, 0x45b3e48d, 0xeeea505c, 0x13008d2f, 0xb85939fe,
    0x438c8318, 0xe8d537c9, 0x153feaba, 0xbe665e6b, 0x49cd2ba7, 0xe2949f76,
    0x1f7e4205, 0xb427f6d4, 0x4ff24c32, 0xe4abf8e3, 0x19412590, 0xb2189141,
    0x0f433f21, 0xa41a8bf0, 0x59f05683, 0xf2a9e252, 0x097c58b4, 0xa225ec65,
    0x5fcf3116, 0xf49685c7, 0x033df00b, 0xa86444da, 0x558e99a9, 0xfed72d78,
    0x0502979e, 0xae5b234f, 0x53b1fe3c, 0xf8e84aed, 0x17bea175, 0xbce715a4,
    0x410dc8d7, 0xea547c06, 0x1181c6e0, 0xbad87231, 0x4732af42, 0xec6b1b93,
    0x1bc06e5f, 0xb099da8e, 0x4d7307fd, 0xe62ab32c, 0x1dff09ca, 0xb6a6bd1b,
    0x4b4c6068, 0xe015d4b9, 0x3eb80389, 0x95e1b758, 0x680b6a2b, 0xc352defa,
    0x3887641c, 0x93ded0cd, 0x6e340dbe, 0xc56db96f, 0x32c6cca3, 0x999f7872,
    0x6475a501, 0xcf2c11d0, 0x34f9ab36, 0x9fa01fe7, 0x624ac294, 0xc9137645,
    0x26459ddd, 0x8d1c290c, 0x70f6f47f, 0xdbaf40ae, 0x207afa48, 0x8b234e99,
    0x76c993ea, 0xdd90273b, 0x2a3b52f7, 0x8162e626, 0x7c883b55, 0xd7d18f84,
    0x2c043562, 0x875d81b3, 0x7ab75cc0, 0xd1eee811
};

static const unsigned int U[256] = {
    0x00000000, 0x7eb5200d, 0x5633f4cb, 0x2886d4c6, 0x073e5d47, 0x798b7d4a,
    0x510da98c, 0x2fb88981, 0x0e7cba8e, 0x70c99a83, 0x584f4e45, 0x26fa6e48,
    0x0942e7c9, 0x77f7c7c4, 0x5f711302, 0x21c4330f, 0x1cf9751c, 0x624c5511,
    0x4aca81d7, 0x347fa1da, 0x1bc7285b, 0x65720856, 0x4df4dc90, 0x3341fc9d,
    0x1285cf92, 0x6c30ef9f, 0x44b63b59, 0x3a031b54, 0x15bb92d5, 0x6b0eb2d8,
    0x4388661e, 0x3d3d4613, 0x39f2ea38, 0x4747ca35, 0x6fc11ef3, 0x11743efe,
    0x3eccb77f, 0x40799772, 0x68ff43b4, 0x164a63b9, 0x378e50b6, 0x493b70bb,
    0x61bda47d, 0x1f088470, 0x30b00df1, 0x4e052dfc, 0x6683f93a, 0x1836d937,
    0x250b9f24, 0x5bbebf29, 0x73386bef, 0x0d8d4be2, 0x2235c263, 0x5c80e26e,
    0x740636a8, 0x0ab316a5, 0x2b7725aa, 0x55c205a7, 0x7d44d161, 0x03f1f16c,
    0x2c4978ed, 0x52fc58e0, 0x7a7a8c26, 0x04cfac2b, 0x73e5d470, 0x0d50f47d,
    0x25d620bb, 0x5b6300b6, 0x74db8937, 0x0a6ea93a, 0x22e87dfc, 0x5c5d5df1,
    0x7d996efe, 0x032c4ef3, 0x2baa9a35, 0x551fba38, 0x7aa733b9, 0x041213b4,
    0x2c94c772, 0x5221e77f, 0x6f1ca16c, 0x11a98161, 0x392f55a7, 0x479a75aa,
    0x6822fc2b, 0x1697dc26, 0x3e1108e0, 0x40a428ed, 0x61601be2, 0x1fd53bef,
    0x3753ef29, 0x49e6cf24, 0x665e46a5, 0x18eb66a8, 0x306db26e, 0x4ed89263,
    0x4a173e48, 0x34a21e45, 0x1c24ca83, 0x6291ea8e, 0x4d29630f, 0x339c4302,
    0x1b1a97c4, 0x65afb7c9, 0x446b84c6, 0x3adea4cb, 0x1258700d, 0x6ced5000,
    0x4355d981, 0x3de0f98c, 0x15662d4a, 0x6bd30d47, 0x56ee4b54, 0x285b6b59,
    0x00ddbf9f, 0x7e689f92, 0x51d01613, 0x2f65361e, 0x07e3e2d8, 0x7956c2d5,
    0x5892f1da, 0x2627d1d7, 0x0ea10511, 0x7014251c, 0x5facac9d, 0x21198c90,
    0x099f5856, 0x772a785b, 0x4c921c31, 0x32273c3c, 0x1aa1e8fa, 0x6414c8f7,
    0x4bac4176, 0x3519617b, 0x1d9fb5bd, 0x632a95b0, 0x42eea6bf, 0x3c5b86b2,
    0x14dd5274, 0x6a687279, 0x45d0fbf8, 0x3b65dbf5, 0x13e30f33, 0x6d562f3e,
    0x506b692d, 0x2ede4920, 0x06589de6, 0x78edbdeb, 0x5755346a, 0x29e01467,
    0x0166c0a1, 0x7fd3e0ac, 0x5e17d3a3, 0x20a2f3ae, 0x08242768, 0x76910765,
    0x59298ee4, 0x279caee9, 0x0f1a7a2f, 0x71af5a22, 0x7560f609, 0x0bd5d604,
    0x235302c2, 0x5de622cf, 0x725eab4e, 0x0ceb8b43, 0x246d5f85, 0x5ad87f88,
    0x7b1c4c87, 0x05a96c8a, 0x2d2fb84c, 0x539a9841, 0x7c2211c0, 0x029731cd,
    0x2a11e50b, 0x54a4c506, 0x69998315, 0x172ca318, 0x3faa77de, 0x411f57d3,
    0x6ea7de52, 0x1012fe5f, 0x38942a99, 0x46210a94, 0x67e5399b, 0x19501996,
    0x31d6cd50, 0x4f63ed5d, 0x60db64dc, 0x1e6e44d1, 0x36e89017, 0x485db01a,
    0x3f77c841, 0x41c2e84c, 0x69443c8a, 0x17f11c87, 0x38499506, 0x46fcb50b,
    0x6e7a61cd, 0x10cf41c0, 0x310b72cf, 0x4fbe52c2, 0x67388604, 0x198da609,
    0x36352f88, 0x48800f85, 0x6006db43, 0x1eb3fb4e, 0x238ebd5d, 0x5d3b9d50,
    0x75bd4996, 0x0b08699b, 0x24b0e01a, 0x5a05c017, 0x728314d1, 0x0c3634dc,
    0x2df207d3, 0x534727de, 0x7bc1f318, 0x0574d315, 0x2acc5a94, 0x54797a99,
    0x7cffae5f, 0x024a8e52, 0x06852279, 0x78300274, 0x50b6d6b2, 0x2e03f6bf,
    0x01bb7f3e, 0x7f0e5f33, 0x57888bf5, 0x293dabf8, 0x08f998f7, 0x764cb8fa,
    0x5eca6c3c, 0x207f4c31, 0x0fc7c5b0, 0x7172e5bd, 0x59f4317b, 0x27411176,
    0x1a7c5765, 0x64c97768, 0x4c4fa3ae, 0x32fa83a3, 0x1d420a22, 0x63f72a2f,
    0x4b71fee9, 0x35c4dee4, 0x1400edeb, 0x6ab5cde6, 0x42331920, 0x3c86392d,
    0x133eb0ac, 0x6d8b90a1, 0x450d4467, 0x3bb8646a
};

struct index_entry {
    const unsigned char *ptr;
    const struct source_info *src;
    unsigned int val;
};

struct index_entry_linked_list {
    struct index_entry *p_entry;
    struct index_entry_linked_list *next;
};

struct unpacked_index_entry {
    struct index_entry entry;
    struct unpacked_index_entry *next;
};

struct delta_index {
    unsigned long memsize; /* Total bytes pointed to by this index */
    const struct source_info *last_src; /* Information about the referenced source */
    unsigned int hash_mask; /* val & hash_mask gives the hash index for a given
                               entry */
    unsigned int num_entries; /* The total number of entries in this index */
    struct index_entry *last_entry; /* Pointer to the last valid entry */
    struct index_entry *hash[];
};

static unsigned int
limit_hash_buckets(struct unpacked_index_entry **hash,
                   unsigned int *hash_count, unsigned int hsize,
                   unsigned int entries)
{
    struct unpacked_index_entry *entry;
    unsigned int i;
    /*
     * Determine a limit on the number of entries in the same hash
     * bucket.  This guards us against pathological data sets causing
     * really bad hash distribution with most entries in the same hash
     * bucket that would bring us to O(m*n) computing costs (m and n
     * corresponding to reference and target buffer sizes).
     *
     * Make sure none of the hash buckets has more entries than
     * we're willing to test.  Otherwise we cull the entry list
     * uniformly to still preserve a good repartition across
     * the reference buffer.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++) {
        int acc;

        if (hash_count[i] <= HASH_LIMIT)
            continue;

        /* We leave exactly HASH_LIMIT entries in the bucket */
        entries -= hash_count[i] - HASH_LIMIT;

        entry = hash[i];
        acc = 0;

        /*
         * Assume that this loop is gone through exactly
         * HASH_LIMIT times and is entered and left with
         * acc==0.  So the first statement in the loop
         * contributes (hash_count[i]-HASH_LIMIT)*HASH_LIMIT
         * to the accumulator, and the inner loop consequently
         * is run (hash_count[i]-HASH_LIMIT) times, removing
         * one element from the list each time.  Since acc
         * balances out to 0 at the final run, the inner loop
         * body can't be left with entry==NULL.  So we indeed
         * encounter entry==NULL in the outer loop only.
         */
        do {
            acc += hash_count[i] - HASH_LIMIT;
            if (acc > 0) {
                struct unpacked_index_entry *keep = entry;
                do {
                    entry = entry->next;
                    acc -= HASH_LIMIT;
                } while (acc > 0);
                keep->next = entry->next;
            }
            entry = entry->next;
        } while (entry);
    }
    return entries;
}

static struct delta_index *
pack_delta_index(struct unpacked_index_entry **hash, unsigned int hsize,
                 unsigned int num_entries, struct delta_index *old_index)
{
    unsigned int i, j, hmask, memsize, fit_in_old, copied_count;
    struct unpacked_index_entry *entry;
    struct delta_index *index;
    struct index_entry *packed_entry, **packed_hash, *old_entry, *copy_from;
    struct index_entry null_entry = {0};
    void *mem;

    hmask = hsize - 1;

    // if (old_index) {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "Packing %d entries into %d for total of %d entries"
    //                     " %x => %x\n",
    //                     num_entries - old_index->num_entries,
    //                     old_index->num_entries, num_entries,
    //                     old_index->hash_mask, hmask);
    // } else {
    //     fprintf(stderr, "Packing %d entries into a new index\n",
    //                     num_entries);
    // }
    /* First, see if we can squeeze the new items into the existing structure.
     */
    fit_in_old = 0;
    copied_count = 0;
    if (old_index && old_index->hash_mask == hmask) {
        fit_in_old = 1;
        for (i = 0; i < hsize; ++i) {
            packed_entry = NULL;
            for (entry = hash[i]; entry; entry = entry->next) {
                if (packed_entry == NULL) {
                    /* Find the last open spot */
                    packed_entry = old_index->hash[i + 1];
                    --packed_entry;
                    while (packed_entry >= old_index->hash[i]
                           && packed_entry->ptr == NULL) {
                        --packed_entry;
                    }
                    ++packed_entry;
                }
                if (packed_entry >= old_index->hash[i+1]
                    || packed_entry->ptr != NULL) {
                    /* There are no free spots here :( */
                    fit_in_old = 0;
                    break;
                }
                /* We found an empty spot to put this entry
                 * Copy it over, and remove it from the linked list, just in
                 * case we end up running out of room later.
                 */
                *packed_entry++ = entry->entry;
                assert(entry == hash[i]);
                hash[i] = entry->next;
                copied_count += 1;
                old_index->num_entries++;
            }
            if (!fit_in_old) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    if (old_index) {
        if (fit_in_old) {
            // fprintf(stderr, "Fit all %d entries into old index\n",
            //                 copied_count);
            /*
             * No need to allocate a new buffer, but return old_index ptr so
             * callers can distinguish this from an OOM failure.
             */
            return old_index;
        } else {
            // fprintf(stderr, "Fit only %d entries into old index,"
            //                 " reallocating\n", copied_count);
        }
    }
    /*
     * Now create the packed index in array form
     * rather than linked lists.
     * Leave a 2-entry gap for inserting more entries between the groups
     */
    memsize = sizeof(*index)
        + sizeof(*packed_hash) * (hsize+1)
        + sizeof(*packed_entry) * (num_entries + hsize * EXTRA_NULLS);
    mem = malloc(memsize);
    if (!mem) {
        return NULL;
    }

    index = mem;
    index->memsize = memsize;
    index->hash_mask = hmask;
    index->num_entries = num_entries;
    if (old_index) {
        if (hmask < old_index->hash_mask) {
            fprintf(stderr, "hash mask was shrunk %x => %x\n",
                            old_index->hash_mask, hmask);
        }
        assert(hmask >= old_index->hash_mask);
    }

    mem = index->hash;
    packed_hash = mem;
    mem = packed_hash + (hsize+1);
    packed_entry = mem;

    for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++) {
        /*
         * Coalesce all entries belonging to one linked list
         * into consecutive array entries.
         */
        packed_hash[i] = packed_entry;
        /* Old comes earlier as a source, so it always comes first in a given
         * hash bucket.
         */
        if (old_index) {
            /* Could we optimize this to use memcpy when hmask ==
             * old_index->hash_mask? Would it make any real difference?
             */
            j = i & old_index->hash_mask;
            copy_from = old_index->hash[j];
            for (old_entry = old_index->hash[j];
                 old_entry < old_index->hash[j + 1] && old_entry->ptr != NULL;
                 old_entry++) {
                if ((old_entry->val & hmask) == i) {
                    *packed_entry++ = *old_entry;
                }
            }
        }
        for (entry = hash[i]; entry; entry = entry->next) {
            *packed_entry++ = entry->entry;
        }
        /* TODO: At this point packed_entry - packed_hash[i] is the number of
         *       records that we have inserted into this hash bucket.
         *       We should *really* consider doing some limiting along the
         *       lines of limit_hash_buckets() to avoid pathological behavior.
         */
        /* Now add extra 'NULL' entries that we can use for future expansion. */
        for (j = 0; j < EXTRA_NULLS; ++j ) {
            *packed_entry++ = null_entry;
        }
    }

    /* Sentinel value to indicate the length of the last hash bucket */
    packed_hash[hsize] = packed_entry;

    if (packed_entry - (struct index_entry *)mem
        != num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS) {
        fprintf(stderr, "We expected %d entries, but created %d\n",
                num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS,
                (int)(packed_entry - (struct index_entry*)mem));
    }
    assert(packed_entry - (struct index_entry *)mem
            == num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS);
    index->last_entry = (packed_entry - 1);
    return index;
}


delta_result
create_delta_index(const struct source_info *src,
                   struct delta_index *old,
                   struct delta_index **fresh,
                   int max_bytes_to_index)
{
    unsigned int i, hsize, hmask, num_entries, prev_val, *hash_count;
    unsigned int total_num_entries, stride, max_entries;
    const unsigned char *data, *buffer;
    struct delta_index *index;
    struct unpacked_index_entry *entry, **hash;
    void *mem;
    unsigned long memsize;

    if (!src->buf || !src->size)
        return DELTA_SOURCE_EMPTY;
    buffer = src->buf;

    /* Determine index hash size.  Note that indexing skips the
       first byte so we subtract 1 to get the edge cases right.
     */
    stride = RABIN_WINDOW;
    num_entries = (src->size - 1)  / RABIN_WINDOW;
    if (max_bytes_to_index > 0) {
        max_entries = (unsigned int) (max_bytes_to_index / RABIN_WINDOW);
        if (num_entries > max_entries) {
            /* Limit the max number of matching entries. This reduces the 'best'
             * possible match, but means we don't consume all of ram.
             */
            num_entries = max_entries;
            stride = (src->size - 1) / num_entries;
        }
    }
    if (old != NULL)
        total_num_entries = num_entries + old->num_entries;
    else
        total_num_entries = num_entries;
    hsize = total_num_entries / 4;
    for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
    hsize = 1 << i;
    hmask = hsize - 1;
    if (old && old->hash_mask > hmask) {
        hmask = old->hash_mask;
        hsize = hmask + 1;
    }

    /* allocate lookup index */
    memsize = sizeof(*hash) * hsize +
          sizeof(*entry) * total_num_entries;
    mem = malloc(memsize);
    if (!mem)
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    hash = mem;
    mem = hash + hsize;
    entry = mem;

    memset(hash, 0, hsize * sizeof(*hash));

    /* allocate an array to count hash num_entries */
    hash_count = calloc(hsize, sizeof(*hash_count));
    if (!hash_count) {
        free(hash);
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    /* then populate the index for the new data */
    prev_val = ~0;
    for (data = buffer + num_entries * stride - RABIN_WINDOW;
         data >= buffer;
         data -= stride) {
        unsigned int val = 0;
        for (i = 1; i <= RABIN_WINDOW; i++)
            val = ((val << 8) | data[i]) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
        if (val == prev_val) {
            /* keep the lowest of consecutive identical blocks */
            entry[-1].entry.ptr = data + RABIN_WINDOW;
            --num_entries;
            --total_num_entries;
        } else {
            prev_val = val;
            i = val & hmask;
            entry->entry.ptr = data + RABIN_WINDOW;
            entry->entry.val = val;
            entry->entry.src = src;
            entry->next = hash[i];
            hash[i] = entry++;
            hash_count[i]++;
        }
    }
    /* TODO: It would be nice to limit_hash_buckets at a better time. */
    total_num_entries = limit_hash_buckets(hash, hash_count, hsize,
                                           total_num_entries);
    free(hash_count);
    index = pack_delta_index(hash, hsize, total_num_entries, old);
    free(hash);
    /* pack_delta_index only returns NULL on malloc failure */
    if (!index) {
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    index->last_src = src;
    *fresh = index;
    return DELTA_OK;
}

/* Take some entries, and put them into a custom hash.
 * @param entries   A list of entries, sorted by position in file
 * @param num_entries   Length of entries
 * @param out_hsize     The maximum size of the hash, the final size will be
 *                      returned here
 */
struct index_entry_linked_list **
_put_entries_into_hash(struct index_entry *entries, unsigned int num_entries,
                       unsigned int hsize)
{
    unsigned int hash_offset, hmask, memsize;
    struct index_entry *entry;
    struct index_entry_linked_list *out_entry, **hash;
    void *mem;

    hmask = hsize - 1;

    memsize = sizeof(*hash) * hsize +
          sizeof(*out_entry) * num_entries;
    mem = malloc(memsize);
    if (!mem)
        return NULL;
    hash = mem;
    mem = hash + hsize;
    out_entry = mem;

    memset(hash, 0, sizeof(*hash)*(hsize+1));

    /* We know that entries are in the order we want in the output, but they
     * aren't "grouped" by hash bucket yet.
     */
    for (entry = entries + num_entries - 1; entry >= entries; --entry) {
        hash_offset = entry->val & hmask;
        out_entry->p_entry = entry;
        out_entry->next = hash[hash_offset];
        /* TODO: Remove entries that have identical vals, or at least filter
         *       the map a little bit.
         * if (hash[i] != NULL) {
         * }
         */
        hash[hash_offset] = out_entry;
        ++out_entry;
    }
    return hash;
}


struct delta_index *
create_index_from_old_and_new_entries(const struct delta_index *old_index,
                                      struct index_entry *entries,
                                      unsigned int num_entries)
{
    unsigned int i, j, hsize, hmask, total_num_entries;
    struct delta_index *index;
    struct index_entry *entry, *packed_entry, **packed_hash;
    struct index_entry null_entry = {0};
    void *mem;
    unsigned long memsize;
    struct index_entry_linked_list *unpacked_entry, **mini_hash;

    /* Determine index hash size.  Note that indexing skips the
       first byte to allow for optimizing the Rabin's polynomial
       initialization in create_delta(). */
    total_num_entries = num_entries + old_index->num_entries;
    hsize = total_num_entries / 4;
    for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
    hsize = 1 << i;
    if (hsize < old_index->hash_mask) {
        /* For some reason, there was a code path that would actually *shrink*
         * the hash size. This screws with some later code, and in general, I
         * think it better to make the hash bigger, rather than smaller. So
         * we'll just force the size here.
         * Possibly done by create_delta_index running into a
         * limit_hash_buckets call, that ended up transitioning across a
         * power-of-2. The cause isn't 100% clear, though.
         */
        hsize = old_index->hash_mask + 1;
    }
    hmask = hsize - 1;
    // fprintf(stderr, "resizing index to insert %d entries into array"
    //                 " with %d entries: %x => %x\n",
    //         num_entries, old_index->num_entries, old_index->hash_mask, hmask);

    memsize = sizeof(*index)
        + sizeof(*packed_hash) * (hsize+1)
        + sizeof(*packed_entry) * (total_num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS);
    mem = malloc(memsize);
    if (!mem) {
        return NULL;
    }
    index = mem;
    index->memsize = memsize;
    index->hash_mask = hmask;
    index->num_entries = total_num_entries;
    index->last_src = old_index->last_src;

    mem = index->hash;
    packed_hash = mem;
    mem = packed_hash + (hsize+1);
    packed_entry = mem;

    mini_hash = _put_entries_into_hash(entries, num_entries, hsize);
    if (mini_hash == NULL) {
        free(index);
        return NULL;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < hsize; i++) {
        /*
         * Coalesce all entries belonging in one hash bucket
         * into consecutive array entries.
         * The entries in old_index all come before 'entries'.
         */
        packed_hash[i] = packed_entry;
        /* Copy any of the old entries across */
        /* Would we rather use memcpy? */
        if (hmask == old_index->hash_mask) {
            for (entry = old_index->hash[i];
                 entry < old_index->hash[i+1] && entry->ptr != NULL;
                 ++entry) {
                assert((entry->val & hmask) == i);
                *packed_entry++ = *entry;
            }
        } else {
            /* If we resized the index from this action, all of the old values
             * will be found in the previous location, but they will end up
             * spread across the new locations.
             */
            j = i & old_index->hash_mask;
            for (entry = old_index->hash[j];
                 entry < old_index->hash[j+1] && entry->ptr != NULL;
                 ++entry) {
                assert((entry->val & old_index->hash_mask) == j);
                if ((entry->val & hmask) == i) {
                    /* Any entries not picked up here will be picked up on the
                     * next pass.
                     */
                    *packed_entry++ = *entry;
                }
            }
        }
        /* Now see if we need to insert any of the new entries.
         * Note that loop ends up O(hsize*num_entries), so we expect that
         * num_entries is always small.
         * We also help a little bit by collapsing the entry range when the
         * endpoints are inserted. However, an alternative would be to build a
         * quick hash lookup for just the new entries.
         * Testing shows that this list can easily get up to about 100
         * entries, the tradeoff is a malloc, 1 pass over the entries, copying
         * them into a sorted buffer, and a free() when done,
         */
        for (unpacked_entry = mini_hash[i];
             unpacked_entry;
             unpacked_entry = unpacked_entry->next) {
            assert((unpacked_entry->p_entry->val & hmask) == i);
            *packed_entry++ = *(unpacked_entry->p_entry);
        }
        /* Now insert some extra nulls */
        for (j = 0; j < EXTRA_NULLS; ++j) {
            *packed_entry++ = null_entry;
        }
    }
    free(mini_hash);

    /* Sentinel value to indicate the length of the last hash bucket */
    packed_hash[hsize] = packed_entry;

    if ((packed_entry - (struct index_entry *)mem)
        != (total_num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "We expected %d entries, but created %d\n",
                total_num_entries + hsize*EXTRA_NULLS,
                (int)(packed_entry - (struct index_entry*)mem));
        fflush(stderr);
    }
    assert((packed_entry - (struct index_entry *)mem)
           == (total_num_entries + hsize * EXTRA_NULLS));
    index->last_entry = (packed_entry - 1);
    return index;
}


void
get_text(char buff[128], const unsigned char *ptr)
{
    unsigned int i;
    const unsigned char *start;
    unsigned char cmd;
    start = (ptr-RABIN_WINDOW-1);
    cmd = *(start);
    if (cmd < 0x80) {// This is likely to be an insert instruction
        if (cmd < RABIN_WINDOW) {
            cmd = RABIN_WINDOW;
        }
    } else {
        /* This was either a copy [should never be] or it
         * was a longer insert so the insert start happened at 16 more
         * bytes back.
         */
        cmd = RABIN_WINDOW + 1;
    }
    if (cmd > 60) {
        cmd = 60; /* Be friendly to 80char terms */
    }
    /* Copy the 1 byte command, and 4 bytes after the insert */
    cmd += 5;
    memcpy(buff, start, cmd);
    buff[cmd] = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < cmd; ++i) {
        if (buff[i] == '\n') {
            buff[i] = 'N';
        } else if (buff[i] == '\t') {
            buff[i] = 'T';
        }
    }
}

delta_result
create_delta_index_from_delta(const struct source_info *src,
                              struct delta_index *old_index,
                              struct delta_index **fresh)
{
    unsigned int i, num_entries, max_num_entries, prev_val, num_inserted;
    unsigned int hash_offset;
    const unsigned char *data, *buffer, *top;
    unsigned char cmd;
    struct delta_index *new_index;
    struct index_entry *entry, *entries;

    if (!old_index)
        return DELTA_INDEX_NEEDED;
    if (!src->buf || !src->size)
        return DELTA_SOURCE_EMPTY;
    buffer = src->buf;
    top = buffer + src->size;

    /* Determine index hash size.  Note that indexing skips the
       first byte to allow for optimizing the Rabin's polynomial
       initialization in create_delta().
       This computes the maximum number of entries that could be held. The
       actual number will be recomputed during processing.
       */

    max_num_entries = (src->size - 1)  / RABIN_WINDOW;

    if (!max_num_entries) {
        *fresh = old_index;
        return DELTA_OK;
    }

    /* allocate an array to hold whatever entries we find */
    entries = malloc(sizeof(*entry) * max_num_entries);
    if (!entries) /* malloc failure */
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    /* then populate the index for the new data */
    prev_val = ~0;
    data = buffer;
    /* target size */
    /* get_delta_hdr_size doesn't mutate the content, just moves the
     * start-of-data pointer, so it is safe to do the cast.
     */
    get_delta_hdr_size((unsigned char**)&data, top);
    entry = entries; /* start at the first slot */
    num_entries = 0; /* calculate the real number of entries */
    while (data < top) {
        cmd = *data++;
        if (cmd & 0x80) {
            /* Copy instruction, skip it */
            if (cmd & 0x01) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x02) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x04) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x08) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x10) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x20) data++;
            if (cmd & 0x40) data++;
        } else if (cmd) {
            /* Insert instruction, we want to index these bytes */
            if (data + cmd > top) {
                /* Invalid insert, not enough bytes in the delta */
                break;
            }
            /* The create_delta code requires a match at least 4 characters
             * (including only the last char of the RABIN_WINDOW) before it
             * will consider it something worth copying rather than inserting.
             * So we don't want to index anything that we know won't ever be a
             * match.
             */
            for (; cmd > RABIN_WINDOW + 3; cmd -= RABIN_WINDOW,
                                       data += RABIN_WINDOW) {
                unsigned int val = 0;
                for (i = 1; i <= RABIN_WINDOW; i++)
                    val = ((val << 8) | data[i]) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
                if (val != prev_val) {
                    /* Only keep the first of consecutive data */
                    prev_val = val;
                    num_entries++;
                    entry->ptr = data + RABIN_WINDOW;
                    entry->val = val;
                    entry->src = src;
                    entry++;
                    if (num_entries > max_num_entries) {
                        /* We ran out of entry room, something is really wrong
                         */
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            /* Move the data pointer by whatever remainder is left */
            data += cmd;
        } else {
            /*
             * cmd == 0 is reserved for future encoding
             * extensions. In the mean time we must fail when
             * encountering them (might be data corruption).
             */
            break;
        }
    }
    if (data != top) {
        /* The source_info data passed was corrupted or otherwise invalid */
        free(entries);
        return DELTA_SOURCE_BAD;
    }
    if (num_entries == 0) {
        /** Nothing to index **/
        free(entries);
        *fresh = old_index;
        return DELTA_OK;
    }
    old_index->last_src = src;
    /* See if we can fill in these values into the holes in the array */
    entry = entries;
    num_inserted = 0;
    for (; num_entries > 0; --num_entries, ++entry) {
        struct index_entry *next_bucket_entry, *cur_entry, *bucket_first_entry;
        hash_offset = (entry->val & old_index->hash_mask);
        /* The basic structure is a hash => packed_entries that fit in that
         * hash bucket. Things are structured such that the hash-pointers are
         * strictly ordered. So we start by pointing to the next pointer, and
         * walk back until we stop getting NULL targets, and then go back
         * forward. If there are no NULL targets, then we know because
         * entry->ptr will not be NULL.
         */
        // The start of the next bucket, this may point past the end of the
        // entry table if hash_offset is the last bucket.
        next_bucket_entry = old_index->hash[hash_offset + 1];
        // First entry in this bucket
        bucket_first_entry = old_index->hash[hash_offset];
        cur_entry = next_bucket_entry - 1;
        while (cur_entry->ptr == NULL && cur_entry >= bucket_first_entry) {
            cur_entry--;
        }
        // cur_entry now either points at the first NULL, or it points to
        // next_bucket_entry if there were no blank spots.
        cur_entry++;
        if (cur_entry >= next_bucket_entry || cur_entry->ptr != NULL) {
            /* There is no room for this entry, we have to resize */
            // char buff[128];
            // get_text(buff, entry->ptr);
            // fprintf(stderr, "Failed to find an opening @%x for %8x:\n '%s'\n",
            //         hash_offset, entry->val, buff);
            // for (old_entry = old_index->hash[hash_offset];
            //      old_entry < old_index->hash[hash_offset+1];
            //      ++old_entry) {
            //     get_text(buff, old_entry->ptr);
            //     fprintf(stderr, "  [%2d] %8x %8x: '%s'\n",
            //             (int)(old_entry - old_index->hash[hash_offset]),
            //             old_entry->val, old_entry->ptr, buff);
            // }
            break;
        }
        num_inserted++;
        *cur_entry = *entry;
        /* For entries which we *do* manage to insert into old_index, we don't
         * want them double copied into the final output.
         */
        old_index->num_entries++;
    }
    if (num_entries > 0) {
        /* We couldn't fit the new entries into the old index, so allocate a
         * new one, and fill it with stuff.
         */
        // fprintf(stderr, "inserted %d before resize\n", num_inserted);
        new_index = create_index_from_old_and_new_entries(old_index,
            entry, num_entries);
    } else {
        new_index = old_index;
        // fprintf(stderr, "inserted %d without resizing\n", num_inserted);
    }
    free(entries);
    /* create_index_from_old_and_new_entries returns NULL on malloc failure */
    if (!new_index)
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    *fresh = new_index;
    return DELTA_OK;
}

void free_delta_index(struct delta_index *index)
{
    free(index);
}

unsigned long
sizeof_delta_index(struct delta_index *index)
{
    if (index)
        return index->memsize;
    else
        return 0;
}

/*
 * The maximum size for any opcode sequence, including the initial header
 * plus Rabin window plus biggest copy.
 */
#define MAX_OP_SIZE (5 + 5 + 1 + RABIN_WINDOW + 7)

delta_result
create_delta(const struct delta_index *index,
             const void *trg_buf, unsigned long trg_size,
             unsigned long *delta_size, unsigned long max_size,
             void **delta_data)
{
    unsigned int i, outpos, outsize, moff, val;
    int msize;
    const struct source_info *msource;
    int inscnt;
    const unsigned char *ref_data, *ref_top, *data, *top;
    unsigned char *out;
    unsigned long source_size;

    if (!trg_buf || !trg_size)
        return DELTA_BUFFER_EMPTY;
    if (index == NULL)
        return DELTA_INDEX_NEEDED;

    outpos = 0;
    outsize = 8192;
    if (max_size && outsize >= max_size)
        outsize = max_size + MAX_OP_SIZE + 1;
    out = malloc(outsize);
    if (!out)
        return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    source_size = index->last_src->size + index->last_src->agg_offset;

    /* store target buffer size */
    i = trg_size;
    while (i >= 0x80) {
        out[outpos++] = i | 0x80;
        i >>= 7;
    }
    out[outpos++] = i;

    data = trg_buf;
    top = (const unsigned char *) trg_buf + trg_size;

    /* Start the matching by filling out with a simple 'insert' instruction, of
     * the first RABIN_WINDOW bytes of the input.
     */
    outpos++; /* leave a byte for the insert command */
    val = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < RABIN_WINDOW && data < top; i++, data++) {
        out[outpos++] = *data;
        val = ((val << 8) | *data) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
    }
    /* we are now setup with an insert of 'i' bytes and val contains the RABIN
     * hash for those bytes, and data points to the RABIN_WINDOW+1 byte of
     * input.
     */
    inscnt = i;

    moff = 0;
    msize = 0;
    msource = NULL;
    while (data < top) {
        if (msize < 4096) {
            /* we don't have a 'worthy enough' match yet, so let's look for
             * one.
             */
            struct index_entry *entry;
            /* Shift the window by one byte. */
            val ^= U[data[-RABIN_WINDOW]];
            val = ((val << 8) | *data) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
            i = val & index->hash_mask;
            /* TODO: When using multiple indexes like this, the hash tables
             *       mapping val => index_entry become less efficient.
             *       You end up getting a lot more collisions in the hash,
             *       which doesn't actually lead to a entry->val match.
             */
            for (entry = index->hash[i];
                 entry < index->hash[i+1] && entry->src != NULL;
                 entry++) {
                const unsigned char *ref;
                const unsigned char *src;
                int ref_size;
                if (entry->val != val)
                    continue;
                ref = entry->ptr;
                src = data;
                ref_data = entry->src->buf;
                ref_top = ref_data + entry->src->size;
                ref_size = ref_top - ref;
                /* ref_size is the longest possible match that we could make
                 * here. If ref_size <= msize, then we know that we cannot
                 * match more bytes with this location that we have already
                 * matched.
                 */
                if (ref_size > (top - src))
                    ref_size = top - src;
                if (ref_size <= msize)
                    break;
                /* See how many bytes actually match at this location. */
                while (ref_size-- && *src++ == *ref)
                    ref++;
                if (msize < (ref - entry->ptr)) {
                    /* this is our best match so far */
                    msize = ref - entry->ptr;
                    msource = entry->src;
                    moff = entry->ptr - ref_data;
                    if (msize >= 4096) /* good enough */
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (msize < 4) {
            /* The best match right now is less than 4 bytes long. So just add
             * the current byte to the insert instruction. Increment the insert
             * counter, and copy the byte of data into the output buffer.
             */
            if (!inscnt)
                outpos++;
            out[outpos++] = *data++;
            inscnt++;
            if (inscnt == 0x7f) {
                /* We have a max length insert instruction, finalize it in the
                 * output.
                 */
                out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;
                inscnt = 0;
            }
            msize = 0;
        } else {
            unsigned int left;
            unsigned char *op;

            if (inscnt) {
                ref_data = msource->buf;
                while (moff && ref_data[moff-1] == data[-1]) {
                    /* we can match one byte back */
                    msize++;
                    moff--;
                    data--;
                    outpos--;
                    if (--inscnt)
                        continue;
                    outpos--;  /* remove count slot */
                    inscnt--;  /* make it -1 */
                    break;
                }
                out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;
                inscnt = 0;
            }

            /* A copy op is currently limited to 64KB (pack v2) */
            left = (msize < 0x10000) ? 0 : (msize - 0x10000);
            msize -= left;

            op = out + outpos++;
            i = 0x80;

            /* moff is the offset in the local structure, for encoding, we need
             * to push it into the global offset
             */
            assert(moff < msource->size);
            moff += msource->agg_offset;
            assert(moff + msize <= source_size);
            if (moff & 0x000000ff)
                out[outpos++] = moff >> 0,  i |= 0x01;
            if (moff & 0x0000ff00)
                out[outpos++] = moff >> 8,  i |= 0x02;
            if (moff & 0x00ff0000)
                out[outpos++] = moff >> 16, i |= 0x04;
            if (moff & 0xff000000)
                out[outpos++] = moff >> 24, i |= 0x08;
            /* Put it back into local coordinates, in case we have multiple
             * copies in a row.
             */
            moff -= msource->agg_offset;

            if (msize & 0x00ff)
                out[outpos++] = msize >> 0, i |= 0x10;
            if (msize & 0xff00)
                out[outpos++] = msize >> 8, i |= 0x20;

            *op = i;

            data += msize;
            moff += msize;
            msize = left;

            if (msize < 4096) {
                int j;
                val = 0;
                for (j = -RABIN_WINDOW; j < 0; j++)
                    val = ((val << 8) | data[j])
                          ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
            }
        }

        if (outpos >= outsize - MAX_OP_SIZE) {
            void *tmp = out;
            outsize = outsize * 3 / 2;
            if (max_size && outsize >= max_size)
                outsize = max_size + MAX_OP_SIZE + 1;
            if (max_size && outpos > max_size)
                break;
            out = realloc(out, outsize);
            if (!out) {
                free(tmp);
                return DELTA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }
        }
    }

    if (inscnt)
        out[outpos - inscnt - 1] = inscnt;

    if (max_size && outpos > max_size) {
        free(out);
        return DELTA_SIZE_TOO_BIG;
    }

    *delta_size = outpos;
    *delta_data = out;
    return DELTA_OK;
}


int
get_entry_summary(const struct delta_index *index, int pos,
                  unsigned int *text_offset, unsigned int *hash_val)
{
    int hsize;
    const struct index_entry *entry;
    const struct index_entry *start_of_entries;
    unsigned int offset;
    if (pos < 0 || text_offset == NULL || hash_val == NULL
        || index == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    hsize = index->hash_mask + 1;
    start_of_entries = (struct index_entry *)(((struct index_entry **)index->hash) + (hsize + 1));
    entry = start_of_entries + pos;
    if (entry > index->last_entry) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (entry->ptr == NULL) {
        *text_offset = 0;
        *hash_val = 0;
    } else {
        offset = entry->src->agg_offset;
        offset += (entry->ptr - ((unsigned char *)entry->src->buf));
        *text_offset = offset;
        *hash_val = entry->val;
    }
    return 1;
}


int
get_hash_offset(const struct delta_index *index, int pos,
                unsigned int *entry_offset)
{
    int hsize;
    const struct index_entry *entry;
    const struct index_entry *start_of_entries;
    if (pos < 0 || index == NULL || entry_offset == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    hsize = index->hash_mask + 1;
    start_of_entries = (struct index_entry *)(((struct index_entry **)index->hash) + (hsize + 1));
    if (pos >= hsize) {
        return 0;
    }
    entry = index->hash[pos];
    if (entry == NULL) {
        *entry_offset = -1;
    } else {
        *entry_offset = (entry - start_of_entries);
    }
    return 1;
}


unsigned int
rabin_hash(const unsigned char *data)
{
    int i;
    unsigned int val = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < RABIN_WINDOW; i++)
        val = ((val << 8) | data[i]) ^ T[val >> RABIN_SHIFT];
    return val;
}

/* vim: et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4
 */
