
@ARTICLE{Akagi2023,
author={Akagi, F. and Matsushima, N.},
title={Relationship between temperature rise and thermal conductivity in a magnetic medium during heated dot magnetic recording},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2023},
volume={62},
number={SB},
doi={10.35848/1347-4065/ac899a},
art_number={SB1001},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141914988&doi=10.35848%2f1347-4065%2fac899a&partnerID=40&md5=3413d4dc7b9450fa302acc564193adc8},
affiliation={Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic, Kogakuin University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={In this study, we investigated the relationship between the temperature rise in recording dots of a bit-patterned medium and its thermal conductivity during heated dot magnetic recording (HDMR) using numerical calculation (electromagnetic field and heat conduction analyses). When the thermal conductivities of the recording and heat sink layers were anisotropic, the temperature rise of a dot’s lower cell could be increased while maintaining a small temperature difference between the upper and lower cells. The HDMR process was calculated via micromagnetic simulation using the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation at vertical and in-plane thermal conductivities of 24.0 and 1.0 W mK−1 (12.0 and 10.0 W mK−1), respectively, for the recording (heat sink) layer. Results showed a bit error rate of 0%, and thus almost no error. © 2022 The Japan Society of Applied Physics},
author_keywords={heated dot magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation;  thermal conductivity},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Electromagnetic fields;  Heat conduction;  Heat sinks;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media;  Bloch equation;  Heat-conduction analysis;  Heated dot magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz;  Landau-lifshitz-bloch equation;  Magnetic medium;  Numerical calculation;  Temperature differences;  Temperature rise, Thermal conductivity},
funding_text 1={We thank Hitachi Corp. for permitting us to use their simulator. We also thank Dr. Yamakawa of the Akita Industrial Technology Center for calculating the head fields.},
references={Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 38, p. 18391999; Ushiyama, J., Akagi, F., Ando, A., Miyamoto, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, p. 3612; Kryder, M. H., Gage, E. C., McDaniel, T. W., Challener, W., Rottmayer, R. E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M. F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Ho, H., Sharma, A. A., Ong, W.-L., Malen, J. A., Bain, J. A., Zhu, J.-G., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett, 103, p. 131907; Nakagawa, K., Kimura, K., Hayashi, Y., Tamura, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., (2018) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 57, p. 09TB01; Matsumoto, T., Akagi, F., Mochizuki, M., Miyamoto, H., (2012) Opt. Express, 20, p. 18946; Stipe, B. C., (2010) Nat. Photonics, 4, p. 484; Seigler, M. A., (2007) ODS Topical Meeting and Tabletop Exhibition, , TuA1; Akagi, F., Ushiyama, J., Ando, A., Miyamoto, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, p. 3667; Ding, Y. F., Chen, J. S., Lim, B. C., Hu, J. F., Liu, B., Ju, G., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 93, p. 032506; Rea, C., (2017) J. IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 3001506; Liu, Z., (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, p. 3000808; Wang, S., Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R. H., (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17C115; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R. W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 094436; Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R. W., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, p. 232507; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90, p. 214431; Greaves, S. J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17C505; Pandey, H., Wang, J., Shiroyama, T., Ch, . B. S. D., Varaprasad, S., Sepehri-Amin, H., Takahashi, Y. K., Hono, K., (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52, p. 3200108; Kief, M. T., Victora, R. H., (2018) MRS Bull, 43, p. 87; Hono, K., Takahashi, Y. K., Ganping, J., Ulrich Thiele, J., Ajan, A., Yang, X., Ruiz, R., Wan, L., (2018) MRS Bull, 43, p. 93; Kobayashi, T., Nakatani, Y., Fujiwara, Y., (2018) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 42, p. 127; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Akagi, F., Watanabe, K., Igarashi, M., Miyamoto, H., ICAUMS 2012 4pPS 4pPS 2012; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Akagi, F., Watanabe, K., Igarashi, M., Miyamoto, H., (2012) IEICE Tech. Rep, 112, p. 1; Zhu, J.-G., Res. Dev. Mater. Sci, 10, p. RDMS. , 000745 2019; Datta, A., Xu, X., (2018) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 57, p. 09TA01; Akagi, F., Matsushima, N., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 59, p. 09TA012020; (2022) COMSOL Multiphysics® Simulation Software, , https://comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics; Jubert1, P., Santos1, T., LE1, T., Ozdol1, B., Papusoi, C., IEEE Trans. Magn, 57, p. 32002052021; Brown, W. F., (1963) Phys. Rev, 130, p. 1677; Akagi, F., Igarashi, M., Yoshida, K., Nakatani, Y., Hayashi, N., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 1534; Batra, S., Hannay, J. D., Zhou, H., Goldberg, J. S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40, p. 319; Coffey, K. R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93, p. 8471},
correspondence_address1={Akagi, F.; Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic, Shinjuku, Japan; email: fumiko.akagi@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Physics},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Steblinski2022,
author={Steblinski, P. and Blachowicz, T. and Ehrmann, A.},
title={Analysis of the energy distribution of iron nano-spheres for bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2022},
volume={562},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169805},
art_number={169805},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135886322&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2022.169805&partnerID=40&md5=759122e06fc4fd8cc4a87011561de73b},
affiliation={Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Informatics, Koszalin, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Center for Science and Education, Gliwice, Poland; Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld, Germany},
abstract={Improved magnetic memory systems belong to the main research topics in spintronics. Here we show micromagnetic simulations used to analyze the energy density of nano-scaled iron spheres. Layers of different thickness, partly coated with iron oxide, were tested in terms of spatial uniformity of the physical system energy. For a single non-coated or iron-oxide coated droplet, the spatial distribution of the total energy is not uniform and depends on the nano-droplet size. Additionally, for systems consisting of four objects, the relation between relative distance and the resultant magnetization distribution was analyzed. The mutual relation between droplet size and the underlying magnetization distribution as well as the character of local energy extrema was investigated. The size changes for the four-droplet system were compared with the single object behavior to obtain a criterion for the minimum distance between spheres to behave as a single object. The calculations revealed that the oxidized spheres could be placed closer to each other in comparison to the non-coated system. For the proposed oxide coated system, the increase of this maximum packing density is equal to about 12%, as compared to the non-coated system. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Micromagnetism},
keywords={Drops;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization;  Spheres, Bit-patterned media;  Coated systems;  Droplets sizes;  Energy distributions;  Magnetic memory;  Magnetization distribution;  Memory systems;  Micromagnetisms;  Nano-spheres;  Single object, Iron oxides},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on Bit-Patterned Media at Densities of 1 Tb/in and Beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Koltsov, D.K., Adeyeye, A.O., Welland, M.E., Tricker, D.M., Single-domain circular nanomagnets (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 1042; Zhang, W., Haas, S., Phase diagram of magnetization reversal processes in nanorings (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81; He, K., Smith, D.J., McCartney, M.R., Effects of vortex chirality and shape anisotropy on magnetization reversal of Co nanorings (invited) (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 09D307; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Square nano-magnets as bit-patterned media with doubled possible data density (2017) Mater. Today:. Proc., 4, pp. S226-S231; Döpke, C., Grothe, T., Steblinski, P., Klöcker, M., Sabantina, L., Kosmalska, D., Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Magnetic Nanofiber Mats for Data Storage and Transfer (2019) Nanomaterials, 9, p. 92; Steblinski, P., Blachowicz, T., Conception of magnetic memory switched by time dependent current density and current electron spin polarization (2019) International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, 65, p. 309; Shutyi, A.M., Sementsov, D.I., Multistability of the Magnetization Reversal of a Nanoparticle with Cubic Anisotropy (2020) JETP Lett., 111, pp. 619-626; Russier, V., De-Montferrand, C., Lalatonne, Y., Motte, L., Magnetization of densely packed interacting magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and uniaxial anisotropies: a Monte Carlo study (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 114; Simeonidis, K., Martinez-Boubeta, C., Serantes, D., Ruta, S., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Chantrell, R., Oró-Solé, J., Angelakeris, M., Controlling Magnetization Reversal and Hyperthermia Efficiency in Core−Shell Iron−Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles by Tuning the Interphase Coupling (2020) ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 3, p. 4465; Nemati, Z., Alonso, J., Khurshid, H., Phan, M.H., Srikanth, H., Core/shell iron/iron oxide nanoparticles: are they promising for magnetic hyperthermia? (2016) RSC Adv., 6, p. 38697; Kim, Y.-W., Park, H.S., Hyun Soon Park Microstructural and Magnetic Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated by Pulsed Wire Evaporation (2019) Electron. Mater. Lett., 15 (6), pp. 665-672; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., Scalable parallel micromagnetic solvers for magnetic nanostructures (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, p. 366; (2019), TAO Users Manual, ANL/MCS-TM-322 Rev. 3.11, Argonne National Laboratory; Kostopoulou, A., Brintakis, K., Vasilakaki, M., Trohidou, K.N., Douvalis, A.P., Lascialfari, A., Manna, L., Lappas, A., Assembly-mediated Interplay of Dipolar Interactions and Surface Spin Disorder in Colloidal Maghemite Nanoclusters (2014) Nanoscale, 6 (7), pp. 3764-3776; Coey, J.M.D., Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (2010), Cambridge University Press; Cullity, B.D., Graham, C.D., Introduction to magnetic materials (2008), 2nd ed. Wiley; Johansson, C., Hanson, M., Pedersen, M.S., Morup, S., Magnetic properties of magnetic liquids with iron-oxide particles—the influence of anisotropy and interactions (1997) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 173, pp. 5-14; Aguilera-del-Toro, R.H., Aguilera-Granja, F., Torres, M.B., Vega, A., Relation between structural patterns and magnetism in small iron oxide clusters: reentrance of the magnetic moment at high oxidation ratios (2021) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, pp. 246-272; Erlebach, A., Hühn, C., Jana, R., Sierka, M., Structure and magnetic properties of (Fe2O3)n clusters (n = 1–5) (2014) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16 (48), pp. 26421-26426},
correspondence_address1={Blachowicz, T.; Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; email: tomasz.blachowicz@polsl.pl},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kong2022,
author={Kong, G. and Jung, M.},
title={Tabu Search Aided Multi-Track Detection Scheme for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={19},
doi={10.3390/app12199783},
art_number={9783},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139919513&doi=10.3390%2fapp12199783&partnerID=40&md5=873e4fd8c954b3e4a240f08195f3e4eb},
affiliation={Institute for Hokmah General Education, Chongshin University, Seoul, 06988, South Korea; Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea},
abstract={A tabu search (TS) aided multi-track detection scheme for bit patterned magnetic recording is proposed. The proposed detection scheme adopts the simplified multi-track detector with a two-dimensional generalized partial response (GPR) target, uses a priori information, and employs a reliability test and a TS detector. The proposed detection scheme processes signals in three stages. First, the single-track detector with a one-dimensional GPR target detects the data for the main-track and side-tracks. Second, the reliability test is performed to detect bits with low reliability in the side-tracks by comparing the distance between the readback signal and the estimated and reconstructed readback signal. If the distance is greater than a specific value, the TS detector is conducted to improve the reliability of bits with low reliability in the side-tracks. Lastly, the simplified multi-track detector detects the main-track data using a priori information from the outputs of the TS or single-track detectors for the side-track data. The proposed and conventional detection schemes are compared in terms of the bit error rate performances. Simulation results show that the proposed detection scheme with slightly additional complexity has more than 3 dB gains compared to the conventional detection schemes. © 2022 by the authors.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  intertrack interference;  multi-track detection;  tabu search},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE, NRF-2021R1C1C1012950},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1C1C1012950).},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 917-923; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, pp. 2551-2554; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3899-3908; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3639-3647; Kong, G., Choi, S., Simplified multi-track detection schemes using a priori information for bit patterned media recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111, p. 07B920; Glover, F., Tabu search—Part I (1989) ORSA J. Comput, 1, pp. 190-206; Glover, F., Tabu search—Part II (1990) ORSA J. Comput, 2, pp. 4-32; Bahl, L.R., Cocke, J., Helinek, F., Javiv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20, pp. 284-287; Zhao, H., Long, H., Wang, W., Tabu search detection for MIMO systems Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 1-5. , Athens, Greece, 3–7 September 2007; Srinidhi, N., Datta, T., Chockalingam, A., Rajan, B.S., Layered tabu search algorithm for large-MIMO detection and a lower bound on ML performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun, 59, pp. 2955-2963; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3535-3538},
correspondence_address1={Jung, M.; Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, South Korea; email: mcjung@sejong.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2022,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Modulation Decoding Based on K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={17},
doi={10.3390/app12178703},
art_number={8703},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137879510&doi=10.3390%2fapp12178703&partnerID=40&md5=5549c45ef33b069e6f26073c40ab15bc},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={In bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems, the readback signal is affected by neighboring islands that are characterized by intersymbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI). Since increasing the areal density encourages the influence of ISI and ITI, it is more difficult to detect the data. Modulation coding can prevent the occurrence of specific data patterns that can cause severe ISI and ITI. In this study, we propose a modulation decoding method based on the K-means algorithm for a BPMR system to improve decoding capabilities. As the K-means algorithm helps understand data patterns and characteristics, the K-means decoder shows the best performance. © 2022 by the authors.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  K-means algorithm;  modulation coding},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, IITP-2022-2020-0-01602},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2022-2020-0-01602) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation).},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Erden, M.F., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2255-2260; Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 23-29; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3899-3908; Yang, S., Han, Y., Wu, X., Wood, R., Galbraith, R., A soft decodable concatenated LDPC code (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, p. 9401704; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 533-539; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Modified Viterbi algorithm with feedback using a two-dimensional 3-way generalized partial response target for bit-patterned media recording systems (2021) Appl. Sci, 11; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative LDPC–LDPC product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 3100704; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code for reducing intertrack interference on staggered bit-patterned media recording (2020) Appl. Sci, 10; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, p. 6510005; Burse, K., Yadav, R., Shrivastava, S., Channel equalization using neural networks: A review (2010) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev, 40, pp. 352-357; Cao, C., Li, D., Fair, I., Deep learning-based decoding of constrained sequence codes (2019) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 37, pp. 2532-2543; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative signal detection scheme using multilayer perceptron for a bit-patterned media recording system (2020) Appl. Sci, 10; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Bit-flipping scheme using k-means algorithm for bit-patterned media recording (2022) IEEE Trans. Magn, 58, p. 3101704; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, p. 6502705; Lloyd, S., Least squares quantization in PCM (1982) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 28, pp. 129-137; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3523-3526; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31, pp. 1083-1088; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48, pp. 1976-1983; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A Viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition ‘Communications Technology for the 1990s and Beyond’, pp. 1680-1686. , Dallas, TX, USA, 27–30 November 1989; Figueiredo, M.A.T., Jain, A.K., Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models (2002) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell, 24, pp. 381-396; Krishna, K., Narasimha Murty, M., Genetic K-means algorithm (1999) IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern, 29, pp. 433-439. , 18252317; Sinaga, K.P., Yang, M., Unsupervised K-Means Clustering Algorithm (2020) IEEE Access, 8, pp. 80716-80727; Na, S., Xumin, L., Yong, G., Research on K-means clustering algorithm: An improved K-means clustering algorithm Proceedings of the 2010 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology and Security Informatics, pp. 63-67. , Ji’an, China, 2–4 April 2010; https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html#k-means, Available online; https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.KMeans.html#, Available online; Maaten, L., Hinton, G., Visualizing data using t-sne (2008) J. Mach. Learn. Res, 9, pp. 2579-2605},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yamane2022,
author={Yamane, H. and Greaves, S.J. and Tanaka, Y.},
title={Optimizing the Thickness and Diameter of Dual Structure Patterned Media Dots for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
volume={58},
number={8},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2022.3144982},
art_number={3200705},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123699875&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2022.3144982&partnerID=40&md5=0f0e08b8dabd21fd27f50b2d1ddad742},
affiliation={Tohoku University, Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Dual structure bit patterned media were optimized for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). Each dot contained two discrete recording structures and was therefore able to store two bits of information. The optimized parameters were the dot diameter and the thicknesses of the recording structures. Analysis of the thermal stability of the magnetization at elevated temperatures suggested a design with a thicker recording structure on the bottom, where the head field was weaker, and a thinner structure on the top. Recording simulations showed that the optimal design could lead to user areal recording densities in excess of 9 Tbit/in2. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  dual structure;  heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR)},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Thermodynamic stability, Bit-patterned media;  Dot diameter;  Dual structure;  Elevated temperature;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Heating system;  Medium;  Optimized parameter;  Patterned medium;  Writing, Magnetic heads},
references={Greaves, S.J., Chan, K.S., Kanai, Y., Areal density capability of dual-structure media for microwave-assisted magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (12). , Dec; Yamane, H., Greaves, S.J., Tanaka, Y., Heat-assisted magnetic recording on dual structure bit patterned media (2021) IEEE Trans. Magn., 57 (2). , Feb; Aboutaleb, A., Deep neural network-based detection and partial response equalization for multilayer magnetic recording (2021) IEEE Trans. Magn., 57 (3). , Mar; Thiele, J.U., Koffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe55-x Nix Pt45L10 films (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91, pp. 6595-6600. , May; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Modelling of heat assisted magnetic recording with the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation and Brillouin functions (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117 (17); Barker, J., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Atomistic spin model simulation of magnetic reversal modes near the Curie point (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97 (19). , Nov; Shannon, C.E., A mathematical theory of communication (1948) Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27 (4), pp. 623-656. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.J.; Tohoku University, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2022,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Bit-Flipping Scheme Using K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
volume={58},
number={8},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2022.3144394},
art_number={3101704},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123309386&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2022.3144394&partnerID=40&md5=16b2ee36fc268632f76b5ccbf858e804},
affiliation={Soongsil University, School of Electronic Engineering, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={As the need for storing significant amounts of data has increased, an increased areal density (AD) of hard disk drives is required. Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) with the ability to increase AD is regarded as one of the future magnetic storage systems. Reducing the distance between islands storing 1 bit can provide high AD, but it creates problems of intersymbol and intertrack interferences. In this study, we propose a bit-flipping scheme using the K -means algorithm for the BPMR system. In the proposed scheme, the K -means algorithm, which is an iterative clustering method for identifying similar samples and assigning them to clusters, is used to assign the samples that consist of the main and neighboring data to clusters. The predicted index from K -means is utilized to compare and flip the sign of the main data when the sign is different. The proposed scheme flips the sign of data that is predicted to be an error and improves the performance using the neighboring information. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-flipping (BF);  bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  K-means algorithm;  signal detection},
keywords={Clustering algorithms;  Hard disk storage;  Iterative methods;  Magnetic recording, Areal densities;  Bit flipping;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bit-patterned medium recording;  Hard Disk Drive;  K-mean algorithms;  Medium;  Prediction algorithms;  Signal processing algorithms;  Signal's detections, Signal detection},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording?" IEEE Trans. Magn. (1997), 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), pp. 1-4. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Sayyafan, A., Deep neural network media noise predictor turbo-detection system for 1-D and 2-D high-density magnetic recording (2021) IEEE Trans. Magn., 57 (3), pp. 1-13. , Mar; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Signal detection using extrinsic information from neural networks for bit-patterned media recording (2021) IEEE Trans. Magn., 57 (3), pp. 1-4. , Mar; Lloyd, S., Least squares quantization in PCM (1982) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 28 (2), pp. 129-137. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Chollet, F., (2018) Deep Learning With Python, 2. , 1st ed. Shelter Island, NY, USA: Manning Publications},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Soongsil University, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xue2022,
author={Xue, T.},
title={A concatenated LDPC-marker code for channels with correlated insertion and deletion errors in bit-patterned media recording system},
journal={PLoS ONE},
year={2022},
volume={17},
number={7 July},
doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0270247},
art_number={e0270247},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133686040&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0270247&partnerID=40&md5=c3460299fa958e9e7377f7edb9dd73ef},
affiliation={Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong},
abstract={Most synchronization error correction codes deal with random independent insertion and deletion errors without correlation. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic channel model with correlated insertion and deletion (CID) errors to capture the data dependence applicable to the bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system. We also investigate the error performance and decoding complexity of a concatenated LDPC-marker code over the CID channel. Furthermore, we modify the forward backward decoding algorithm to make it suitable for the CID channel, and elaborate it based on a two-dimensional state transition diagram. Compared with the conventional marker coding scheme dealing with random errors, the concatenated LDPC-marker code takes into account the dependence between synchronization errors, improves the error performance, and reduces the decoding complexity. The BER performance of the concatenated LDPC-marker code is improved by more than 50% on average, and the decoding time is reduced by nearly 35% when the LDPC code (n = 4521, k = 3552) and the marker code (Nm = 2, Nc = 30) are used over the CID channel. Copyright: © 2022 Tianbo Xue. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
keywords={algorithm;  article;  conformational transition;  indel mutation;  major clinical study;  random error, Algorithms},
funding_text 1={The work was supported in part by the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship PF14-13269. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.},
references={Gallager, RG., Sequential decoding for binary channels with noise and synchronization errors (1961) Group Report; Yiming, Dong, Fajia, Sun, Zhi, Ping, Qi, Ouyang, Long, Qian, DNA storage: research landscape and future prospects (2020) National Science Review, 7 (6), pp. 1092-1107. , https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa007, PMID: 34692128; Mahbuba, Begum, Shorif, Uddin Mohammad, Digital image watermarking techniques: a review (2020) Information, 11 (2), p. 110. , https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020110; Hidetoshi, Saito, Concatenated Coding Schemes for High Areal Density Bit-Patterned Media Magnetic Recording (2018) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 54 (2), pp. 1-10; Robert, Gallager, Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1962.1057683; Reed Irving, S, Gustave, Solomon, Polynomial codes over certain finite fields (1960) Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 8 (2), pp. 300-304. , https://doi.org/10.1137/0108018; Haeupler, B., Shahrasbi, A., Synchronization strings and codes for insertions and deletions–A Survey (2021) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 67 (6), pp. 3190-3206. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2021.3056317; Ratzer Edward, A., Marker codes for channels with insertions and deletions (2005) Annales Télécommunications, 60, pp. 29-44; Kaneko, H., Timing-drift channel model and marker-based error correction coding (2017) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT); Liu, S., Tjuawinata, I., Xing, C., Efficiently List-Decodable Insertion and Deletion Codes via Concatenation (2021) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory; Ryo, Shibata, Gou, Hosoya, Hiroyuki, Yashima, Concatenated LDPC/Trellis Codes: Surpassing the Symmetric Information Rate of Channels with Synchronization Errors (2020) IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 103 (11), pp. 1283-1291. , https://doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2020EAP1019; Ryo, Shibata, Gou, Hosoya, Hiroyuki, Yashima, Concatenated LDPC/2-D-Marker Codes and Non-Iterative Detection/Decoding for Recovering Position Errors in Racetrack Memories (2020) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 56 (9), pp. 1-9. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2020.3011447; Raghava, Iyengar Aravind, Siegel Paul, H, Keil, Wolf Jack, Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2010.2080667; Arya, Mazumdar, Alexander, Barg, Navin, Kashyap, Coding for high-density recording on a 1-D granular magnetic medium (2011) IEEE transactions on information theory, 57 (11), pp. 7403-7417. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2011.2158514; Fatemeh, Ghanami, Ghosheh, Abed Hodtani, Information Theoretical Analysis of a New Write Channel Model for Bit-Patterned Media Recording (2020) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 56 (4), pp. 1-9. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2020.2970830; Suzuki, Y., Kaneko, H., Correlated insertion/deletion error correction coding for bit-patterned media (2017) 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics—Taiwan (ICCE-TW), pp. 7-8; Davey Matthew, C, MacKay David, JC., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , https://doi.org/10.1109/18.910582; Sellers, F., Bit loss and gain correction code (1962) IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8 (1), pp. 35-38. , https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.1962.1057684; Richard, Durbin, Eddy Sean, R, Anders, Krogh, Graeme, Mitchison, (1998) Biological sequence analysis: probabilistic models of proteins and nucleic acids, , Cambridge university press; MacKay, D. J. C., Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices (1999) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 45 (2), pp. 399-431. , https://doi.org/10.1109/18.748992},
correspondence_address1={Xue, T.; Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; email: tianbo.xue@connect.polyu.hk},
publisher={Public Library of Science},
issn={19326203},
coden={POLNC},
pubmed_id={35802614},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={PLoS ONE},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2022,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={One‐Dimensional Detection Using Interference Estimation by Multilayered Two‐Dimensional General Partial Response Targets for Bit‐Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={11},
doi={10.3390/app12115717},
art_number={5717},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131864284&doi=10.3390%2fapp12115717&partnerID=40&md5=a4eb2afe1ae44334a35f131ca91bd201},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={1 dB compared to the previous studies.~Abstract: In bit‐patterned media recording (BPMR) systems, two‐dimensional (2D) interference, which includes intersymbol and intertrack interference from down‐ and across‐track directions, re-spectively, increases when the distance between the islands is reduced with increasing areal density. In recent studies, a general partial response (GPR) target was often deployed with the equalizer to estimate and reduce interference. With this combination, the BPMR system becomes a promising candidate for high‐density storage systems and achieves high bit error rate (BER) performance. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the detection capability while varying the form of the GPR target and implement a multilayered 2D GPR target and a detection method for improving the accuracy in estimating the interference. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model improves by a gain of. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={bit‐patterned media recording (BPMR);  equalizer;  general partial response;  interference mitigation;  Viterbi algorithm},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, 2021R1A2C1011154},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1011154).},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 11, pp. 917-923; Lee, J.S., Nano‐floating gate memory devices (2011) Electron. Mater. Lett, 7, pp. 175-183; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev, 44, pp. 311-322; Woor, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 36-42; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., Directed self‐assembly of block copoly-mers for use in bit patterned media fabrication (2013) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 46, p. 503001; Rottmayer, R.E., Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat‐assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2142-2144; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter‐track interference mitigation for bit‐patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3899-3908; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection‐decoding on BPMR channels with written‐in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, pp. 1-11; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate‐8/9 2‐D modulation code for bit‐patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, pp. 1-4; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2‐D modulation code for bit‐patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-7; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improve in bit error rate with a combination of a rate‐3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array‐reader‐based magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error‐correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit‐patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit‐patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two‐Dimensional Generalized Partial Response Equalizer for Bit‐Patterned Media (2007) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, UK, 24–28 June; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit‐patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2274-2276; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2‐D equalizer and modified Viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-10; Sadeghian, E.B., Barry, J.R., Soft intertrack interference cancellation for two‐dimensional magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, pp. 1-9; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two‐dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48, p. 03A003; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two‐dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, pp. 597-597; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Modified Viterbi algorithm with feedback using a two‐dimensional 3‐way generalized partial response target for bit‐patterned media recording systems (2021) Appl. Sci, 11, p. 728; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One‐dimensional serial detection using new two‐dimensional partial response target modeling for bitpat-terned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two‐dimensional bit‐patterned media recording channel including track mis‐registration (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5738; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row‐column soft‐decision feedback algorithm for two‐dimensional intersymbol interfer-ence (2007) IEEE Signal. Proc. Lett, 14, pp. 433-436; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low‐complexity iterative row‐column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2‐ d inter‐symbol interference channel detection with gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 4768-4773; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., A simple inter‐track interference subtraction technique in bit‐patterned media recording (BPMR) systems (2018) IEICE Trans. Electron, 101, pp. 404-408; Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative ITI cancellation method for multi‐head multi‐track bit‐patterned magnetic recording systems (2020) Digit. Commun. Netw, 7, pp. 107-122; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint‐track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 3639-3647; Shi, S., Barry, J.R., Multitrack detection with 2D pattern‐dependent noise prediction (2018) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-6. , Kansas City, MO, USA, 20–24 May; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit‐patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54, pp. 1-4; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Twin iterative detection for bit‐patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-4; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two‐dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit‐patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2022,
author={Wang, Y. and Zheng, Y. and Zhong, Z. and Wang, Z. and Liang, Y. and Wu, P.},
title={Switching Diagram of Core‐Shell FePt/Fe Nanocomposites for Bit Patterned Media},
journal={Materials},
year={2022},
volume={15},
number={7},
doi={10.3390/ma15072581},
art_number={2581},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128315280&doi=10.3390%2fma15072581&partnerID=40&md5=541f5e6dd97b8bb8573a27491c0ad945},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Flexible Manufacturing Equipment Integration of Fujian Province, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, 102413, China; State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China},
abstract={In the current work, a core‐shell type exchange coupled composite structure was constructed by micromagnetic simulation with a phase FePt core and an iron shell. Four types of switching loops with magnetic domain structure evolution were demonstrated. Based on the simulation results, a switching type diagram was constructed, which displays various hysteresis loops as a function of core radius and shell thickness. Furthermore, the effects of switching type and composite structure on the coercivity and remanent magnetization were predicted and discussed. This finding indicates that core‐shell type FePt/Fe composite structure film has a large advantage in designing exchange‐coupled bit patterned media to realize high‐density storage devices at the nanoscale. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  core‐shell;  magnetization switching;  micromagnetic simulation},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization;  Platinum alloys;  Shells (structures);  Structure (composition);  Virtual storage, 'current;  Bit-patterned media;  Composites structures;  Core shell;  Core-shell-type;  Exchange coupled;  FePt@Fe;  Magnetization switching;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Switching loops, Switching},
funding_details={2017YFA0403704},
funding_details={2021‐ZD02},
funding_details={KYTD202004},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 12075320},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials in the University of Science and Technology Beijing with the contract No. 2021‐ZD02, the outstanding young research talents program (2016) in colleges and universities of Fujian province, and the Cultivating Advanced Functional Materials Research Group Program of Xiamen Institute of Technology with the contract No. KYTD202004. This work was also supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Science and Technology Ministry of China (No. 2017YFA0403704) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075320).},
funding_text 2={Funding: This work was supported by State Key Lab for Advanced Metals and Materials in the University of Science and Technology Beijing with the contract No. 2021‐ZD02, the outstanding young research talents program (2016) in colleges and universities of Fujian province, and the Cul‐ tivating Advanced Functional Materials Research Group Program of Xiamen Institute of Technol‐ ogy with the contract No. KYTD202004. This work was also supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Science and Technology Ministry of China (No. 2017YFA0403704) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075320).},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor‐Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.‐M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Dobisz, E.E., Bit‐Patterned Magnetic Recording: Theory, Media Fabrication, and Recording Performance IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, pp. 1-42. , https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2397880; Kuo, D., Xiao, S., Terris, B., Bit Patterned Magnetic Recording Media (2016) Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, p. 17. , https://doi.org/10.1016/b978‐0‐12‐803581‐8.03803‐0; Goll, D., Bublat, T., Large‐area hard magnetic L10‐FePt and composite L10‐FePt based nanopatterns (2013) Phys. Status Solidi, 210, pp. 1261-1271. , https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201329017; Varvaro, G., Laureti, S., Fiorani, D., L10 FePt‐based thin films for future perpendicular magnetic recording media (2014) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 368, pp. 415-420. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.04.058; Varvaro, G., Albertini, F., Agostinelli, E., Casoli, F., Fiorani, D., Laureti, S., Lupo, P., Testa, A.M., Magnetization reversal mechanism in perpendicular exchange‐coupled Fe/L10–FePt bilayers (2012) New J. Phys, 14, p. 073008. , https://doi.org/10.1088/1367‐2630/14/7/073008; Huang, L.S., Hu, J.F., Zong, B.Y., Zeng, S.W., Ariando, Chen, J.S., Magnetic properties of L10‐FePt/Fe exchange‐coupled composite nanodots (2014) J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys, 47, p. 245001. , https://doi.org/10.1088/0022‐3727/47/24/245001; Poudyal, N., Gandha, K.H., Liu, J., Elkins, K.E., Arami, H., Liu, J.P., Ferromagnetic FePt/Au Core/Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by Solvothermal Annealing (2016) IEEE Magn. Lett, 7, pp. 1-5. , https://doi.org/10.1109/lmag.2016.2533495; Kurosu, R., Sugawara, A., Iwama, H., Doi, M., Shima, T., Improvement of Magnetic Properties in Microfabricated FePt and Fe Nano‐Composites Upon Post‐Annealing (2017) IEEE Magn. 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correspondence_address1={Wu, P.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China; email: pingpingwu@xit.edu.cn},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={19961944},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu2022,
author={Hu, X.-H. and Xiong, S.},
title={Fabrication of Nanodevices Through Block Copolymer Self-Assembly},
journal={Frontiers in Nanotechnology},
year={2022},
volume={4},
doi={10.3389/fnano.2022.762996},
art_number={762996},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125151521&doi=10.3389%2ffnano.2022.762996&partnerID=40&md5=026e6da3a868b427bf45fa6c2665c292},
affiliation={School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China},
abstract={Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly, as a novel bottom-up patterning technique, has received increasing attention in the manufacture of nanodevices because of its significant advantages of high resolution, high throughput, low cost, and simple processing. BCP self-assembly provides a very powerful approach to constructing diverse nanoscale templates and patterns that meet large-scale manufacturing practices. For the past 20 years, the self-assembly of BCPs has been extensively employed to produce a range of nanodevices, such as nonvolatile memory, bit-patterned media (BPM), fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs), photonic nanodevices, solar cells, biological and chemical sensors, and ultrafiltration membranes, providing a variety of configurations for high-density integration and cost-efficient manufacturing. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the fabrication of nanodevices using the templates of BCP self-assembly, and present current challenges and future opportunities. Copyright © 2022 Hu and Xiong.},
author_keywords={block copolymer;  nanodevice;  nanofabrication;  self-assembly;  soft template},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61974030},
funding_text 1={This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61974030).},
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correspondence_address1={Xiong, S.; School of Information Science and Technology, China; email: sxiong@fudan.edu.cn},
publisher={Frontiers Media S.A.},
issn={26733013},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Front. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2022,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Estimating Interference with a Two‐Dimensional Viterbi Algorithm for Bit‐Patterned Media Recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={4},
doi={10.3390/app12042156},
art_number={2156},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124983499&doi=10.3390%2fapp12042156&partnerID=40&md5=fa4db9da04fcef996ee7acbd6e939aed},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit‐patterned media recording (BPMR) is proposed as a candidate for future magnetic data storage to overcome superparamagnetism. The distance between magnetic islands in BPMR must be reduced to increase the areal density (AD). As magnetic islands become closer, two‐dimen-sional (2D) interference is increased, including intersymbol interference (ISI) based on the down-track direction and intertrack interference (ITI) from the cross‐track direction. We propose an estimator to predict interference from neighboring (upper and lower) tracks. This estimator exploits the 2D Viterbi algorithm (VA) with reduced states. We removed the interference from the neighboring track and applied a simple 1D VA to detect the received signal. The simulation results show that our model performs better than previously proposed models. © 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit‐patterned media recording;  Channel coding;  Estimating interference;  Two‐dimensional Viterbi algorithm (2D VA)},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, 2021R1A2C1011154},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1011154).},
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correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2022,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Improving Serial Detection Using MAP Algorithm for Bit‐Patterned Media Recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={4},
doi={10.3390/app12041979},
art_number={1979},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124726770&doi=10.3390%2fapp12041979&partnerID=40&md5=8d5be08860bd2c5e000dc61167827d6b},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit‐patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising technology for increasing the areal density (AD) of magnetic data storage systems. In BPMR, the non‐magnetic zone is reduced to in-crease AD, which causes serious problems such as two‐dimensional (2D) interference and track mis-registration (TMR). Therefore, in previous studies, a serial detection, which exploits the Viterbi algorithm (VA), was proposed to combat 2D interference. Because the VA lacks prior information from the inner detector to the outer detector, in this study, we use the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm to supply prior information from the inner detector to the outer detector. Simulation results show that the proposed model can improve the bit error ratio (BER) performance of serial detection, especially in cases where the BPMR suffers from TMR effects. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit‐patterned media recording;  Detection;  Interference;  Maximum a posteriori (MAP)},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, 2021R1A2C1011154},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government. (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1011154).},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter‐track interference mitigation for bit‐patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3899-3908; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two‐dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit‐patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev, 44, pp. 311-322; Garani, S.S., Dolecek, L., Barry, J., Sala, F., Vasić, B., Signal processing and coding techniques for 2‐D magnetic recording: An overview (2018) Proc. IEEE, 106, pp. 286-318; Rottmayer, R.E., Heat‐assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421; Sadeghian, E.B., Barry, J.R., Soft intertrack interference cancellation for two‐dimensional magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, pp. 1-9; Shi, S., Barry, J.R., Multitrack detection with 2D pattern‐dependent noise prediction (2018) Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-6. , Kansas City, MO, USA, 20–24 May; Cideciyan, R.D., Dolivo, F., Hermann, R., Hirt, W., Schott, W., A PRML system for digital magnetic recording (1992) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 10, pp. 38-56; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two‐dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit‐patterned media (2007) Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, UK, 24–28 June; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One‐dimensional serial detection using new two‐dimensional partial response target modeling for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two‐dimensional bit‐patterned media recording channel including track mis‐registration (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5738; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two‐dimensional SOVA and LDPC codes for holographic data storage system (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 2260-2263; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (Corresp.) (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 20, pp. 284-287; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit‐patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54, pp. 1-4; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit‐patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-4; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI‐mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit‐patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron, pp. 528-533. , E98–C},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khittiwitchayakul2022,
author={Khittiwitchayakul, S. and Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Reliability Ratio-Based Serial Algorithm of LDPC Decoder for Turbo Equalization Schemes},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
volume={58},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2021.3081732},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106723391&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2021.3081732&partnerID=40&md5=521ada4bfae5cd363535e38234313cb9},
affiliation={School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract={Serial decoding algorithms of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code converge efficiently with low errors. Previously, a serial decoding algorithm, named a shuffled belief-propagation (SBP), was applied in turbo equalization of bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) systems. With the SBP algorithm, an LDPC decoder converged twice as fast as one using conventional BP algorithms. We further improved the convergence speed of SBP by updating the messages in an adaptive order, which played a flexible role throughout decoding. We proposed two adaptive-serial algorithms for LDPC codes in turbo equalization. One updated the messages using the extrinsic loglikelihood ratio (LLR) and the result of the parity-check equation checking. The second contained an additional rule that tracked the LLR sign changes in each iteration. Both algorithms converged faster and with lower bit error rates (BERs) than the SBP and previous adaptive-serial algorithms in a BPMR system with media noise. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Belief propagation;  bit patterned media;  low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  serial algorithm;  turbo equalization},
keywords={Decoding;  Equalizers;  Forward error correction;  Lunar surface analysis, Belief propagation;  Convergence speed;  Decoding algorithm;  Log likelihood ratios (LLR);  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Parity-check equations;  Serial algorithms;  Turbo equalizations, Iterative methods},
references={Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Performance and complexity of 32 k-bit binary LDPC codes for magnetic recording channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2244-2247. , Jun; Mackay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1996) Electron. Lett., 32 (18), p. 1645; Hocevar, D.E., A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes (2004) Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Syst. (SIPS), Austin, TX, USA, pp. 107-112; Zhang, J., Fossorier, M.P.C., Shuffled iterative decoding (2005) IEEE Trans. Commun., 53 (2), pp. 209-213. , Feb; Elidan, G., McGraw, I., Koller, D., (2012) Residual Belief Propagation: Informed Scheduling for Asynchronous Message Passing, , http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6837, arXiv:1206.6837; Kim, J.-H., Nam, M.-Y., Song, H.-Y., Lee, K.-M., Variable-to-check residual belief propagation for informed dynamic scheduling of LDPC codes (2008) Proc. Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Appl., Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4. , Dec; Lee, H.-C., Ueng, Y.-L., Yeh, S.-M., Weng, W.-Y., Two informed dynamic scheduling strategies for iterative LDPC decoders (2013) IEEE Trans. Commun., 61 (3), pp. 886-896. , Mar; Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Cui, R., Variable-node-based dynamic scheduling strategy for belief-propagation decoding of LDPC codes (2015) IEEE Commun. Lett., 19 (2), pp. 147-150. , Feb; Sun, R., Hou, X., Sun, J., Guan, H., Zhao, Z., Reliability-based-layered belief propagation for iterative decoding of LDPC codes (2018) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), Vail, CO, USA, pp. 1156-1160. , Jun; Phakphisut, W., Serial belief propagation for the high-rate LDPC decoders and performances in the bit patterned media systems with media noise (2011) IEEE Trans. Mag., 47 (10), pp. 3562-3565. , Oct; Liu, X., Cai, J., Wu, L., Improved decoding algorithm of serial belief propagation with a stop updating criterion for LDPC codes and applications in patterned media storage (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 829-836. , Feb; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Tanner, R., A recursive approach to low complexity codes (1981) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-27 (5), pp. 533-547. , Sep; Guo, F., Hanzo, L., Reliability ratio based weighted bit-flipping decoding for low-density parity-check codes (2004) Electron. Lett., 40 (21), pp. 1356-1358. , Oct; Lechner, G., Sayir, J., On the convergence of log-likelihood values in iterative decoding (2002) Proc. Mini-Workshop Topic Inf. Theory. Berlin, Germany, pp. 12-13; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Phakphisut, W.; School of Engineering, Thailand; email: watid.ph@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2022,
title={2022 IEEE 33rd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 - Proceedings},
journal={2022 IEEE 33rd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 - Proceedings},
year={2022},
page_count={45},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 33rd IEEE Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2022 Through 31 August 2022;  Conference Code:183773},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141732080&partnerID=40&md5=307ea8eeb631a56600761908f2f50ab3},
abstract={The proceedings contain 18 papers. The topics discussed include: dual free layer reader for future recording head; molecular dynamic simulation on the thermal degradation of PFPE lubricant for HAMR disk; neural network equalization for asynchronous multitrack detection in TDMR; convolutional neural network-based media noise prediction and equalization for TDMR turbo-detection with write/read TMR; molecular dynamic simulation on the adsorption between D-4OH lubricant and amorphous carbon film for HAMR disk; performance evaluation of burst error correction by LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic tape drive using a BaFe magnetic tape; iterative parallel-serial detection structure using map algorithm for bit-patterned media recording systems; track mis-registration estimator based on K-means algorithm for bit-patterned media recording; a new advanced storage research consortium HDD technology roadmap; and hysteresis loops of recording media grains under the influence of high frequency fields.},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665489065},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Rec. Conf., TMRC - Proc.},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nguyen2022,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative parallel-serial detection structure using MAP algorithm for bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={2022 IEEE 33rd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 - Proceedings},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/TMRC56419.2022.9918565},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 33rd IEEE Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2022 Through 31 August 2022;  Conference Code:183773},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141712358&doi=10.1109%2fTMRC56419.2022.9918565&partnerID=40&md5=a9f250ff4453a5416e04fb849ff4f0f8},
affiliation={Soongsil Univ., Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={In bit patterned media recording (BPMR) technology, data are stored on the magnetic islands. Thus, for increasing the areal density (AD), we have to reduce the distance between magnetic islands. This makes the islands be influenced by the neighboring islands, which is the two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI), i.e. the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI) from the cross-and down-track directions, respectively. © 2022 IEEE.},
keywords={Intersymbol interference, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Down-track direction;  Inter-symbol interferences;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic island;  MAP algorithms;  Recording systems;  Technology data;  Two-dimensional, Iterative methods},
references={Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for twodimensional bit-patterned media recording channel including track mis-registration (2020) Appl. Sci, 10 (17), p. 5738; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3)},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665489065},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Rec. Conf., TMRC - Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Jeong2022,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Track Mis-Registration Estimator Based on K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={2022 IEEE 33rd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 - Proceedings},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/TMRC56419.2022.9918160},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 33rd IEEE Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2022 Through 31 August 2022;  Conference Code:183773},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141704009&doi=10.1109%2fTMRC56419.2022.9918160&partnerID=40&md5=ba7d2ef316230758c0d6fe371960a9ac},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has been considered as a one of the key technologies to extend recording densities to 1 Tb/in2 and beyond. However, BPMR system encounters challenges of not only two-dimensional intersymbol interference but also track mis-registration (TMR). In this paper, we propose a TMR estimator based on K-means algorithm for estimating the TMR levels and prevent the performance degradation of the BPMR system. The TMR estimator calculates the distance between the centroid of readback signal and the predetermined centroids according to TMR level, and equalizer coefficients and partial response target are adjusted to the corresponding TMR level. © 2022 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  centroid;  K-means algorithm;  track-misregistration (TMR)},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bit-patterned medium recording;  Centroid;  K-mean algorithms;  Key technologies;  Recording density;  Recording systems;  Track misregistration;  Track-misregistration;  Two-dimensional intersymbol interferences},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Nabavi, S., Kumar, V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC, pp. 6249-6254; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Lloyd, S., Least squares quantization in PCM (1982) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 28 (2), pp. 129-137. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665489065},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Rec. Conf., TMRC - Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2022,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Multidimensional Signal Processing for High Areal Density Heated-Dot Magnetic Recording},
journal={2022 IEEE 33rd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 - Proceedings},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/TMRC56419.2022.9918569},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 33rd IEEE Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2022 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2022 Through 31 August 2022;  Conference Code:183773},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141702343&doi=10.1109%2fTMRC56419.2022.9918569&partnerID=40&md5=c9f5629dce74932afd90cf49cc257027},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={A new signal processing scheme for the heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR) system with double-layered bit-patterned media (BPM) is proposed in this research. This proposed signal processing scheme is applicable to multi-track recording system and uses two cascaded one-dimensional (1D) log-likelihood ratio (LLR) detectors. The proposed scheme is capable of detecting data sequences recorded on two tracks simultaneously and detects the data sequence recorded on each layer in order. The effective transmission rate of the HDMR system with two-track simultaneous detection and double-layered BPM can be increased four times that of the HDMR system with single-layered BPM. It is shown that the error rate performance of the HDMR system with 1D LLR two-track simultaneous detection and double-layered BPM shows a significant improvement over the HDMR system with the conventional 1D LLR detection and single-layered BPM by computer simulation. © 2022 IEEE.},
author_keywords={heated dot magnetic recording;  multi-layered recording;  multi-track recording;  simultaneous detection},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  One dimensional;  Signal processing, Bit-patterned media;  Double layered;  Heated dot magnetic recording;  Log likelihood ratio;  Magnetic recording systems;  Multi-layered;  Multi-layered recording;  Multi-track recording;  Signal-processing;  Simultaneous detection, Magnetism},
references={Aboutaleb, A., Deep neural network-based detection and partial response equalization for multilayer magnetic recording (2021) IEEE Trans. Magn, 57 (3), p. 3101012. , Mar; Akagi, F., Thermally assisted magnetic recording with bitpatterned media to achieve areal recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2 (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 324 (3), pp. 309-313. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Faculty of Engineering, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665489065},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Rec. Conf., TMRC - Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kong2022,
author={Kong, G. and Kim, T. and Jung, M.},
title={An Iterative Multi-Head Multi-Track Detection Scheme for Bit Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2022},
pages={1-5},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2022.3219234},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141596740&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2022.3219234&partnerID=40&md5=1a2ba000c56c6dd92e7c21d93a1e74b9},
affiliation={Institute for Hokmah General Education, Chongshin University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea; Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={An iterative multi-head multi-track detection scheme for bit patterned media recording is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme employs two iterative strategies with the multi-head multi-track detection where three tracks are simultaneously processed to accurately estimate the channel with TMR and effectively detect the data by using inter-track interference (ITI) information with high reliability. The first outer iteration aims to compensate for the track misregistration (TMR) effect, and the second inner iteration aims to improve the reliability of the data. In outer iteration, the TMR effect is compensated by modifying the generalized partial response (GPR) target to a channel that reflects the TMR estimated by a TMR estimator using expectation and maximization algorithm. In inner iteration, iterative equalization and decoding (IED) is conducted between the two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood detector and the low-density parity check decoder based on the revised GPR target. Since each track has different channel performance according to the amount of ITI information in the multi-track detection, we design the GPR target and the code rate separately for each track to maximize the overall channel performance. The bit error rate performances of the proposed IED scheme are compared with the conventional IED scheme when areal density is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 Tb/in^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Simulation results show that the proposed IED scheme has more than 2dB gains compared with the conventional IED scheme for 30<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> TMR. IEEE},
author_keywords={bit patterned media recording;  Decoding;  Detectors;  Equalizers;  Information storage;  inter-track interference;  multi-track detection;  Parity check codes;  Recording;  Signal to noise ratio;  Target tracking;  track misregistraction},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Channel coding;  Digital storage;  Equalizers;  Estimation;  Iterative decoding;  Maximum likelihood;  Target tracking, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Decoding;  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative equalization;  Multi-track detections;  Parity check codes;  Recording;  Targets tracking;  Track misregistraction;  Track misregistration, Signal to noise ratio},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Busyatras2022963,
author={Busyatras, W. and Wannarsap, W. and Tungkasthan, A. and Poompuang, P.},
title={The Bit Flipping Criteria Models based on Supervised Learning in Magnetic Recording System},
journal={ITC-CSCC 2022 - 37th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications},
year={2022},
pages={963-966},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC55581.2022.9895094},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 37th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2022 ; Conference Date: 5 July 2022 Through 8 July 2022;  Conference Code:183374},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140585188&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC55581.2022.9895094&partnerID=40&md5=04090a81a5f461cc1571bc985867b19a},
affiliation={Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Faculty of Science and Technology, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand},
abstract={The 2D interference still be the major problem for cancelation in the high areal density magnetic recording, such as in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. The two-dimensional modulation codes have been proposed to cancel the 2D interference effect, efficiently improving the overall system performance. However, the bit-flipping technique in the rate-2/3 modulation coded system can effectively flip the ambiguous data bits, it is difficult to confirm the optimal threshold value for giving the gain to flip those ambiguous data, especially while the systems face several noises. To improve this problem; therefore, we propose the simple 2/3 2D modulation code that provides the favorable condition for flipping through the criteria of bit flipping models based on several supervised learning in data science techniques, as Generalized Linear Model, Decision Tree, Deep Learning, Large Fast Margin, Gradient Boosted Trees, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine. These results found the high accuracy percentage of all algorithms in the low SNR level, especially in the Support Vector Machine model. © 2022 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Data science technique;  Flipping bit},
keywords={Deep learning;  Learning systems;  Magnetic recording;  Modulation;  Random forests;  Signal to noise ratio;  Support vector machines, 2-d interferences;  Ambiguous Data;  Bit flipping;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bit-patterned medium recording;  Data science technique;  Flipping bit;  Magnetic recording systems;  Model-based OPC;  Modulation codes, Decision trees},
funding_details={Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiRajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This paper was partially supported by Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RUMTT), Thailand.},
references={Li, H., (2016) Storage Physics and Noise Mechanism in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording, pp. 3-6. , Doctor of Philosophy, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recordedbit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., 12 E96-C, pp. 1490-1496; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17A904; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI mitigation 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron. E98-C., 6, pp. 528-533; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2D modulation code in single-reader two-track reading BPMR systems (2021) Digital Communications and Networks., 7, pp. 100-106; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Soft-information flipping scheme based on a priori LLRs summation for ultra-high density magnetic recording (2020) AIP Advances., 10 (2), p. 25217; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A Detection Scheme With TMR Estimation Based on Multi-Layer Perceptrons for Bit Patterned Media Recording (2019) IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, 55 (7), p. 3100704; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Soft-Output Detector Using Multi-Layer Perceptron for Bit-Patterned Media Recording (2022) Applied science, 12, pp. 2-8; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Bit-Flipping Scheme Using K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording (2022) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, pp. IPA-3; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M., Kovintavewat, P., A simple TMR mitigation approach for bit patterned media recording based on readback signals (2015) International Technical Conference on Circuits Systems, Computers and Communications, pp. 458-460},
sponsors={Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Association (ECTI); Engineering Sciences Society and Electronics Society (IEICE); The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers (IEIE)},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665485593},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ITC-CSCC - Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saito2022,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Multidimensional Signal Processing for High Areal Density Heated-Dot Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
pages={1-1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2022.3213584},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139865953&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2022.3213584&partnerID=40&md5=7986efb5b551740fe8d419793f96985f},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, a new multi-dimensional signal processing scheme for a heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR) system using double-layered bit-patterned media (BPM) is proposed. This proposed signal processing scheme is capable of simultaneously detecting data sequences recorded on two tracks in each layer sequentially. The effective transmission rate of the HDMR system with two-track simultaneous log-likelihood ratio (LLR) detection and double-layered recording can be increased about four times that of the HDMR system with single-track LLR detection and single-layered recording if the data sequence recorded on each track has the same rate. It is shown that the error rate performance of the HDMR system with two-track simultaneous LLR detection and double-layered recording shows a significant improvement over the HDMR system with single-track LLR detection and single-layered recording by computer simulation. IEEE},
author_keywords={double-layered recording;  generalized partial response system;  Head;  heated dot magnetic recording;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetic recording;  polar coding;  Saturation magnetization;  Signal processing;  Signal to noise ratio;  simultaneous detection},
keywords={Magnetic heads;  Saturation magnetization;  Signal processing;  Signal to noise ratio, Double layered;  Double-layered recording;  Generalized partial response;  Generalized partial response system;  Head;  Heated dot magnetic recording;  Polar coding;  Response systems;  Signal-processing;  Simultaneous detection, Magnetic recording},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2022,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Track Mis-Registration Estimator Based on K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
pages={1-1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2022.3206904},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139437092&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2022.3206904&partnerID=40&md5=30e533e3578cc07030cc70fb47078789},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has been considered among the key technologies to extend recording densities to 1 Tb/in2 and beyond. However, the BPMR system encounters challenges of two-dimensional intersymbol interference and track mis-registration (TMR). In this paper, we propose a TMR estimator based on the K-means algorithm for estimating the TMR levels and preventing the performance degradation of the BPMR system. The TMR estimator calculates the distances between the centroid of the readback signal and predetermined centroids according to the TMR level. The equalizer coefficients and partial response target are adjusted to the corresponding TMR level. At a bit error rate of 10-3 and TMR of 10%, the proposed detection scheme performs better by approximately 1 dB in comparison with the conventional detection. IEEE},
author_keywords={Approximation algorithms;  Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  centroid;  Clustering algorithms;  Equalizers;  K-means algorithm;  Magnetic recording;  Manganese;  Partitioning algorithms;  Signal to noise ratio;  track-misregistration (TMR)},
keywords={Approximation algorithms;  Bit error rate;  Manganese;  Signal to noise ratio, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bit-patterned medium recording;  Centroid;  K-mean algorithms;  Key technologies;  Partitioning algorithms;  Recording density;  Recording systems;  Track misregistration;  Track-misregistration, Equalizers},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2022,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative Parallel-Serial Detection Structure Using MAP Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2022},
pages={1-1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2022.3207032},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139392770&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2022.3207032&partnerID=40&md5=0cc68e6531fbf1772e33ca3097e31cdd},
affiliation={Dept. of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={In bit patterned media recording (BPMR), data are modulated into the magnetic poles and stored in the magnetic islands. Thus, to increase the areal density (AD) of the storage device, we should reduce the distance between the magnetic islands. This leads to a two-dimensional (2D) interference wherein each island is affected by the neighboring islands. Therefore, to handle the 2D interference, we proposed a parallel-serial structure of the detection based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm. The equalized received signal was fed to two branches in parallel. One branch was in the order of horizontal and then vertical detections, and the other was in the reverse order of vertical and horizontal detections. With the MAP algorithm, the serial structure of two branches can improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the detection. Moreover, we can extract the extrinsic information from the output of the MAP algorithm of two branches and create the iteration of the parallel structure. The original signal was restored with higher accuracy after each iteration. The simulation results showed that the iterative parallel-serial detection structure using MAP improved the BER performance compared to those in previous studies with only parallel or serial structures. IEEE},
author_keywords={Bit error rate;  Bit-patterned media recording;  detection;  Equalizers;  generalized partial response (GPR);  Interference;  Manganese;  maximum a posteriori (MAP);  Media;  mitigating interference;  Symbols;  Training},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Error detection;  Iterative methods;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Manganese;  Mean square error;  Virtual storage, Bit-error rate;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Detection;  Generalized partial response;  Interference;  Maximum a posteriori;  Medium;  Mitigating interference;  Symbol, Equalizers},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kanjanakunchorn2022,
author={Kanjanakunchorn, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Soft-Decision Algorithm of a Rate-5/6 2D Modulation Code for SHTR in Staggered BPMR Systems},
journal={19th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2022},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON54298.2022.9795472},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 19th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2022 ; Conference Date: 24 May 2022 Through 27 May 2022;  Conference Code:180163},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133365449&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON54298.2022.9795472&partnerID=40&md5=b1c110f23021a9f044c21ffff0c959db},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={With an increasing demand for recording data storage, this paper is interested in magnetic recording in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. The main problem of BPMR system from track width and bit length decreasing is two-dimensional (2-D) interference, consisting of inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference. One thing that solved this problem is 2-D modulation code of a rate-5/6 for single-head/two-track reading with staggered bit islands. Moreover, we also improve the performance of system by soft decision algorithm and low-density parity-check code because it can do an iterative process. The soft information is created by log-likelihood ratio by using a look-up table of a rate-5/6 through the Boolean logic circuit equation. After that, this soft information is brought to modified one-dimensional (1-D) soft-output Viterbi algorithm detector. At the same code rate of 5/6 and with bit error rate of 10-4, the simulation results show that our proposed scheme at an areal density of 3 Terabit per square inch, is better than system that performs without 2-D modulation code for 2 dB. Moreover, it is also better than previously proposed system that uses hard decisions with 2-D modulation code for 4 dB. © 2022 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D modulation code;  Boolean logic circuit;  Magnetic recording;  Soft information},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Boolean functions;  Computer circuits;  Digital storage;  Logic circuits;  Modulation;  Table lookup;  Timing circuits;  Viterbi algorithm, 2d modulation code;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Boolean logic circuits;  Data storage;  Decision algorithms;  Modulation codes;  Recording data;  Recording systems;  Soft decision;  Soft information, Iterative methods},
references={Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40 (9), pp. R149-R177. , April; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. of ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron, 96 (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Buejong, C., Warisarn, C., Multitrack Reading Scheme with Single Reader in BPMR Systems (2017) International Electrical Engineering Congress, Pattaya, Thailand, , 8-10 March; Buehing, K., Brusyatras, V., Warisarn, C., A Rate-5/6 2D Modulation Code for Single-Reader/Two-Track Reading in BPMR Systems (2018) Intermag, , Oct; Warisarn, C., Losuwan, T., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An Iterative Inter-Track Interference Mitigation Technique for Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording Systems Journal of Applied Physics, 14. , Feb; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding approach of maximum transition run codes Proc. EUROCON 2005, Belgrade, 22 (24), pp. 490-493. , Nov; Yamashita, M., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Warisarn, C., An iterative inter-Track interference mitigation method for two-dimensional magnetic recording system (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115, p. 17B732; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-Track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Sokjabok, S., Constrained codes in single-reader/twotrack reading bit-patterned magnetic recording AIP Advances, 11. , January 2021; Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., Soft-output decoding approach of 2D modulation codes in bit-patterned media recording systems IEICE Trans. Electron, 98 (12), pp. 1187-1192. , Dec. 2015; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A constructive inter-Track interference coding scheme for bit patterned media recording system (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, (115), p. 17B703},
sponsors={ECTI Association},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665485845},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Rueangnetr2022,
author={Rueangnetr, N. and Warisarn, C. and Koonkamkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={3/5 Decoder and LLR Estimator-based Multilayer Perceptron for SRTR Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={19th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2022},
year={2022},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON54298.2022.9795475},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 19th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2022 ; Conference Date: 24 May 2022 Through 27 May 2022;  Conference Code:180163},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133333756&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON54298.2022.9795475&partnerID=40&md5=27d78b24e21ea4a6497d2fd7f2a5092d},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Advanced Signal Processing for Disruptive Innovation Research Center, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={To increase the data storage capacity of the hard disk drives for storing huge digital information that grows rapidly, one of the alternative technologies, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), can support an areal density (AD) of up to 4 Terabits per square inch (Tb/in2). To increase AD; however, due to inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI), which degrade system performance, when we must reduce the distance between bit-islands. In this work, we propose the rate-3/5 decoder and the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) estimator which performs together with the rate-3/5 constraint code based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) under a single reader/two-track reading (SRTR) BPMR system. The results of our simulations show that, with the same 3 Tb/in2 user density (UD), when compared to both conventional uncoded and coded systems with and/or without media noise, the proposed system can achieve a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) while maintaining the same bit error rate performance. © 2022 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  hard disk drive (HDD);  log-likelihood ratio;  multilayer perceptron;  single-reader two-track reading},
keywords={Decoding;  Hard disk storage;  Lunar surface analysis;  Magnetic recording;  Multilayers;  Signal to noise ratio, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Hard disk drive;  Log likelihood ratio;  Multilayers perceptrons;  Ratio estimators;  Single readers;  Single-reader two-track reading;  Track readings, Bit error rate},
references={Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 23-29. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3214-3216; Sokjabok, S., Constrained codes for single-reader/two-Track reading technique in bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2020) 65th MMM 2020, Virtual Conference; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding approach of maximum transition run codes Proc. EUROCON 2005, Belgrade, 22 (24), pp. 490-493. , Nov; Nielsen, M., Neural Networks Deep Learning the Original Online Book Can Be Found at, , http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com; Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Kanai, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., A Study on Neural Network Detector in SMR System IEEE Trans. Magn, 57 (3), pp. 1-5. , March 2021; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Nishikawa, M., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator by neural network using adjacent track information in SMR system (2021) IEEE Trans. on Magn, 55 (12). , Dec; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation Code and Multilayer Perceptron Decoding for Bit-Patterned Media Recording (2020) IEEE Magnetics Letters, p. 1; Deza, E., Marie, M., (2009) Encyclopedia of Distances Google Scholar, , Springer March},
sponsors={ECTI Association},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665485845},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen202262556,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Parallel Detection Based on a Generalized Partial Response Target for Staggered Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Access},
year={2022},
volume={10},
pages={62556-62564},
doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3182801},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132778130&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2022.3182801&partnerID=40&md5=09c44f961c9f8a627f1c1a3b97a33aea},
affiliation={Soongsil University, Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={We consider a prospective island distribution of bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) that consists of a hexagonal array called a staggered BPMR. Although the staggered BPMR can reduce two-dimensional interference, including inter-symbol interference from the down-track direction and inter-track interference from the cross-track direction, the structure of the staggered BPMR is unsuitable for the detection schemes of regular BPMR. In the staggered BPMR, the islands along the neighboring tracks are skewed by a half period from the islands on the main track. Consequently, an island on the main track is distorted by the four closest islands on the neighboring tracks and the two closest islands on the main track. To detect the main data, based on the generalized partial response target, we divided the interference into three parts and applied three one-dimensional detectors. Then, to estimate the original signal, we averaged the three outputs of the three detectors. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model improves performance compared with those described in previous studies. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  detection;  generalized partial response (GPR);  hexagonal array;  interference;  maximum a posteriori (MAP);  soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA);  staggered media},
keywords={Target tracking;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Detection;  Generalized partial response;  Hexagonal arrays;  Interference;  Maximum a posteriori;  Medium;  Soft output viterbi algorithm;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Staggered medium;  Targets tracking, Equalizers},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, 2021R1A2C1011154},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1011154).},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) Ieee Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk De Van, M.R.J., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) Ieee Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) Ieee Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of pat-Terned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) Ieee Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , Jun; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-Track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) Ieee Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) Ieice Trans. Electron., 98 (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) Ieee Trans. Magn., 50 (11), pp. 1-4. , Nov; Yang, S., Han, Y., Wu, X., Wood, R., Galbraith, R., A soft decodable concatenated LDPC code (2015) Ieee Trans. Magn., 51 (11), pp. 1-4. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. Ieee Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) Ieee Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Wang, Y., Kymar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified Viterbi detector (2017) Ieee Trans. Magn., 53 (10), pp. 1-10. , Oct; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) Ieee Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A Viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications (1989) Proc. Ieee Global Telecommun. Conf. Exhib. 'Commun. Technol. Beyond, 3, pp. 1680-1686. , Nov; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) Ieee Signal Process. Lett., 14 (7), pp. 433-436. , Jul; Chen, Y., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Iterative soft-decision feedback zigzag algorithm using joint extrinsic information for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2011) Proc. 45th Annu. Conf. Inf. Sci. Syst., pp. 1-6. , Mar; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2-D inter-symbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) Ieee Trans. Magn., 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Aug; Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2-head 2-Track detection method for bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2018) Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol. ISCIT, pp. 490-494. , Sep; Tuchler, M., Koetter, R., Singer, A.C., Turbo equalization: Principles and new results (2002) Ieee Trans. Commun., 50 (5), pp. 754-767. , May; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative two-head two-Track detection method for staggered bit-patterned mag-netic recording systems (2019) Ieee Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-7. , Jul; Kovintavewat, P., Koonkarnkhai, S., Joint TA suppression and turbo equalization for coded partial response channels (2010) Ieee Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1393-1396. , Jun; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) Ieee Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) Ieee Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Signal detection under multipath intersymbol inter-ference in staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) Ieee Magn. Lett., 10, pp. 1-5; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) Ieee Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A novel ITI sup-pression technique for coded dual-Track dual-head bit-patterned mag-netic recording systems (2020) Ieee Access, 8, pp. 153077-153086; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-Assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) Ieee Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) Ieee Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Soongsil University, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={21693536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Access},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2022,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Soft-Output Detector Using Multi-Layer Perceptron for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2022},
volume={12},
number={2},
doi={10.3390/app12020620},
art_number={620},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122515648&doi=10.3390%2fapp12020620&partnerID=40&md5=82ceca2a8b7c6525f8e596d8a1337412},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={As conventional data storage systems are faced with critical problems such as the super-paramagnetic limit, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has received significant attention as a promising next-generation magnetic data storage system. However, the reduced spacing between islands at increased areal density causes severe intersymbol and intertrack interference, which de-grade BPMR system performance. In this study, we introduce a soft-output detector using multi-layer perceptron to predict reliable information. A received signal is equalized and detected by the MLP detector. The MLP detector provides a well-estimated value by using the binary-cross entropy function as a loss function and the identity function as an activation function for the output layer of the MLP detector. This study investigates the received probability distributions out of the detectors and compares the performance of various versions against a conventional detector. Compared with the conventional detection, the proposed MLP detectors provide a small variance and better BER performance than the conventional detection. Simulations of MLP designs show an advantage over conventional detection. Moreover, the proposed MLP detectors with the demodulator exhibit better BER performance than the conventional detector with the demodulator. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Multilayer perceptron;  Signal detection;  Soft-output detector},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, 2021R1A2C1011154},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government. (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1011154).},
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correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dwivedi2021,
author={Dwivedi, N. and Ott, A.K. and Sasikumar, K. and Dou, C. and Yeo, R.J. and Narayanan, B. and Sassi, U. and Fazio, D.D. and Soavi, G. and Dutta, T. and Balci, O. and Shinde, S. and Zhang, J. and Katiyar, A.K. and Keatley, P.S. and Srivastava, A.K. and Sankaranarayanan, S.K.R.S. and Ferrari, A.C. and Bhatia, C.S.},
title={Graphene overcoats for ultra-high storage density magnetic media},
journal={Nature Communications},
year={2021},
volume={12},
number={1},
doi={10.1038/s41467-021-22687-y},
art_number={2854},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106320333&doi=10.1038%2fs41467-021-22687-y&partnerID=40&md5=e3b75f44dae5bc9e3ab0655cd0e992b6},
affiliation={CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States; Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States},
abstract={Hard disk drives (HDDs) are used as secondary storage in digital electronic devices owing to low cost and large data storage capacity. Due to the exponentially increasing amount of data, there is a need to increase areal storage densities beyond ~1 Tb/in2. This requires the thickness of carbon overcoats (COCs) to be &lt;2 nm. However, friction, wear, corrosion, and thermal stability are critical concerns below 2 nm, limiting current technology, and restricting COC integration with heat assisted magnetic recording technology (HAMR). Here we show that graphene-based overcoats can overcome all these limitations, and achieve two-fold reduction in friction and provide better corrosion and wear resistance than state-of-the-art COCs, while withstanding HAMR conditions. Thus, we expect that graphene overcoats may enable the development of 4–10 Tb/in2 areal density HDDs when employing suitable recording technologies, such as HAMR and HAMR+bit patterned media © 2021, The Author(s).},
keywords={carbon;  graphene, chemical compound;  data set;  detection method;  electronic equipment;  friction, Article;  chemical vapor deposition;  corrosion;  current density;  friction;  heat;  heat assisted magnetic recording technology;  information storage;  magnetism;  thermostability},
chemicals_cas={carbon, 7440-44-0},
funding_details={U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy, USDOE, DE-AC02-05CH11231},
funding_details={Office of ScienceOffice of Science, SC},
funding_details={Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences, BES, DE-AC02-06CH11357, EP/R008809/1},
funding_details={National Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterNational Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, NERSC},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/ K017144/1, EP/K01711X/1, EP/L016057/1, EP/N010345/1},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_details={European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council, ERC},
funding_details={National Research Foundation SingaporeNational Research Foundation Singapore, NRF, NRF-CRP 4-2008-06},
funding_text 1={We acknowledge funding from the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Program (CRP Award No. NRF-CRP 4-2008-06), the EU Graphene Flagship, EU grant CareRAMM, ERC Grant Hetero2D, EPSRC Grants EP/K01711X/1, EP/ K017144/1, EP/N010345/1, EP/L016057/1, EU grant Neurofibres, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, the Center for Nanoscale Materials by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, the Exeter Time-Resolved Magnetism Facility (EXTREMAG, EPSRC Grant EP/R008809/1)},
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Mater., 11, pp. 294-300. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhslGlu7o%3D, PID: 22306771; Lee, C., Wei, X.D., Kysar, J.W., Hone, J., Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene (2008) Science, 321, p. 385. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosVOrs7k%3D, PID: 18635798; Berman, D., Erdemir, A., Sumant, A.V., Few layer graphene to reduce wear and friction on sliding steel surfaces (2013) Carbon, 54, pp. 454-459. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsl2gsA%3D%3D; Marchetto, D., Feser, T., Dienwiebel, M., Microscale study of frictional properties of graphene in ultra high vacuum (2015) Friction, 3, pp. 161-169. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhslKktro%3D; Zhuang, C., Liu, L., Atomic-scale friction modulated by potential corrugation in multi-layered graphene materials (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 114302. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXksFWkuro%3D},
correspondence_address1={Ferrari, A.C.; Cambridge Graphene Centre, United Kingdom; email: acf26@eng.cam.ac.uk},
publisher={Nature Research},
issn={20411723},
pubmed_id={34001870},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Commun.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khunkitti2021,
author={Khunkitti, P. and Wannawong, N. and Jongjaihan, C. and Siritaratiwat, A. and Kruesubthaworn, A. and Kaewrawang, A.},
title={Micromagnetic simulation of L10-fept-based exchange-coupled-composite-bit-patterned media with microwave-assisted magnetic recording at Ultrahigh areal density},
journal={Micromachines},
year={2021},
volume={12},
number={10},
doi={10.3390/mi12101264},
art_number={1264},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118108369&doi=10.3390%2fmi12101264&partnerID=40&md5=4ddc854f033c3dc55b983822f60f0022},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Seagate Technology (Thailand) Co., Ltd, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30170, Thailand},
abstract={In this work, we propose exchange-coupled-composite-bit-patterned media (ECC-BPM) with microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) to improve the writability of the magnetic media at a 4 Tb/in2 recording density. The suitable values of the applied microwave field’s frequency and the exchange coupling between magnetic dots, Adot, of the proposed media were evaluated. It was found that the magnitude of the switching field, Hsw, of the bilayer ECC-BPM is significantly lower than that of a conventional BPM. Additionally, using the MAMR enables further reduction of Hsw of the ECC-BPM. The suitable frequency of the applied microwave field for the proposed media is 5 GHz. The dependence of Adot on the Hsw was additionally examined, showing that the Adot of 0.14 pJ/m is the most suitable value for the proposed bilayer ECC-BPM. The physical explanation of the Hsw of the media under a variation of MAMR and Adot was given. Hysteresis loops and the magnetic domain of the media were characterized to provide further details on the results. The lowest Hsw found in our proposed media is 12.2 kOe, achieved by the bilayer ECC-BPM with an Adot of 0.14 pJ/m using a 5 GHz MAMR. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Exchange-coupled-composite media;  Hysteresis loop;  Microwave-assisted magnetic recording},
keywords={Hysteresis;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Microwaves, Areal densities;  Bi-layer;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Exchange coupled composite media;  Magnetic medium;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Microwave field;  Microwave-assisted;  Microwave-assisted magnetic recording, Hysteresis loops},
funding_details={Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen University, KKU, TRG5780125},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, ThailandMinistry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, MHESRI, RGNS 63-058},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Khon Kaen},
funding_text 2={This work was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Khon Kaen University (Grant No. TRG5780125), and the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (Grant No. RGNS 63-058). Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Warunee Tipcharoen and Edanz Group Global Ltd.},
references={Ross, C., Patterned Magnetic (Arkom Recording Kaewrawang) Media (2001) Annu. and Rev. A.S.; Mater. project Res. administration, 31, pp. 203-235. , A.k. [CrossRef] (Arkom Kaewrawang); funding acqui; Khunkitti, P., Siritaratiwat, A., Kaewrawang, A., Mewes, T., Mewes, C., Kruesubthaworn, A., Electromagnetic interference-induced instability in CPP-GMR read heads (2016) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 412, pp. 42-48. , [CrossRef]; Nagasaka, K., CPP-GMR technology for magnetic read heads of future high-density recording systems (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321, pp. 508-511. , [CrossRef]; Khunkitti, P., Pituso, K., Chaiduangsri, N., Siritaratiwat, A., Optimal Sizing of CPP-GMR Read Sensors for Magnetic Recording Densities of 1–4 Tb/in2 (2021) IEEE Access, 9, pp. 130758-130766. , [CrossRef]; Khunkitti, P., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Mewes, T., Mewes, C.K.A., Kruesubthaworn, A., A novel technique to detect effects of electromagnetic interference by electrostatic discharge simulator to test parameters of tunneling magnetoresistive read heads (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17A908. , [CrossRef]; Khunkitti, P., Siritaratiwat, A., Pituso, K., Free Layer Thickness Dependence of the Stability in Co2 (Mn0.6Fe0.4)Ge Heusler Based CPP-GMR Read Sensor for Areal Density of 1 Tb/in2 (2021) Micromachines, 12, p. 1010. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3181-3186. , [CrossRef]; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett, 3, p. 4500304; Zhao, B., Xue, H., Zhu, Z., Ren, Y., Jin, Q.Y., Zhang, Z., Interlayer modulation on the dynamic magnetic properties of L10-FePt/NM/[CoNi]5 composite film structures (2019) Appl. Phys. Lett, 115, p. 062401. , [CrossRef]; Pituso, K., Khunkitti, P., Tongsomporn, D., Kruesubthaworn, A., Chooruang, K., Siritaratiwat, A., Kaewrawang, A., Simulation of magnetic footprints for heat assisted magnetic recording (2017) Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys, 78, p. 20301. , [CrossRef]; Pituso, K., Kaewrawang, A., Buatong, P., Siritaratiwat, A., Kruesubthaworn, A., The temperature and electromagnetic field distributions of heat-assisted magnetic recording for bit-patterned media at ultrahigh areal density (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17C501. , [CrossRef]; Tipcharoen, W., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Design and Micromagnetic Simulation of Fe/L10-FePt/Fe Trilayer for Exchange Coupled Composite Bit Patterned Media at Ultrahigh Areal Density (2015) Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng, 2015, p. 504628. , [CrossRef]; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 97, p. 82501. , [CrossRef]; Boone, C., Katine, J.A., Marinero, E.E., Pisana, S., Terris, B.D., Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Reversal in Perpendicular Media (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett, 3, p. 3500104. , [CrossRef]; Fal, T.J., Camley, R.E., Microwave assisted switching In bit patterned media: Accessing multiple states (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 97, p. 122506. , [CrossRef]; Bai, X., Zhu, J.-G., Effective Field Analysis of Segmented Media for Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2017) IEEE Magn. Lett, 8, pp. 1-4. , [CrossRef]; Greaves, S.J., Chan, K.S., Kanai, Y., Areal Density Capability of Dual-Structure Media for Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Re-cording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, p. 6701509. , [CrossRef]; Tanaka, T., Kurihara, K., Ya, X., Kanai, Y., Bai, X., Matsuyama, K., MAMR writability and signal-recording characteristics on granular exchange-coupled composite media (2021) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 529, p. 167884. , [CrossRef]; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future Options for HDD Storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3816-3822. , [CrossRef]; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., OOMMF User’s Guide, Release 1.2a3, , https://math.nist.gov/oommf/ftp-archive/doc/userguide12a3_20021030.pdf, (accessed on 15 October 2021); Barmak, K., Coffey, K.R., Thiele, J.-U., Kim, J., Lewis, L.H., Toney, M.F., Kellock, A.J., Stoichiometry-anisotropy connections in epitaxial L10 FePt(001) films (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 95, pp. 7501-7503. , [CrossRef]; Wang, F., Xu, X.-H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Perpendicular L10-FePt/Fe and L10-FePt/Ru/Fe graded media obtained by post-annealing (2011) Mater. Chem. Phys, 126, pp. 843-846. , [CrossRef]; Laval, M., Bonnefois, J.J., Bobo, J.F., Issac, F., Boust, F., Microwave-assisted switching of NiFe magnetic microstructures (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105, p. 73912. , [CrossRef]; Kittel, C., (2011) Introduction to Solid State Physics, , John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA},
correspondence_address1={Kaewrawang, A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Thailand; email: arkom@kku.ac.th},
publisher={MDPI},
issn={2072666X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Micromachines},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kankhunthod2021,
author={Kankhunthod, K. and Warisam, C. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Multilayer Perceptron-based Skew-Angle Estimation for Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording},
journal={2021 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021},
year={2021},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501476},
art_number={9501476},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021 ; Conference Date: 27 June 2021 Through 30 June 2021;  Conference Code:171257},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113986228&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501476&partnerID=40&md5=5f015f10d9c2015479f43ed7b72e1d51},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Advanced Signal Processing for Disruptive Innovation Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) is the potential future recording technology that can increase an areal density (AD) of hard disk drives over 1 terabit per square inch (Tbit/in2). Several challenging problems are causing the reduction of a recording system's performance. One of them is a skew angle effect that is depended on the reading and writing position of a reader on a platter. Therefore, this paper proposes the skew-angle (SA) estimation method based on multilayer perceptron using readback signals. The accuracy percentage of the proposed SA estimation method provides above 80% when it was investigated under medium-high signal-to-noise ratio levels. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR);  Deep learning algorithms;  Magnetic recording technology;  Multilayer perceptron (MLP);  Skew-angle},
keywords={Computer circuits;  Magnetic recording;  Multilayers;  Signal to noise ratio, Accuracy percentages;  Areal densities;  Estimation methods;  Hard Disk Drive;  High signal-to-noise ratio;  Recording systems;  Skew angle estimations;  Skew angles, Multilayer neural networks},
funding_details={KDS2019/ 031},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, 10520},
funding_text 1={This paper was supported by King Mongkut’s},
funding_text 2={Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Doctoral Scholarships (KDS) under grant number KDS2019/ 031, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), 10520, Thailand.},
references={He, Z., Mou, J., Chan, K.S., Mechanisms of minimum skew angle actuation for hard disk drives (2016) MATEC Web of Conferences, 42, p. 02002; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A simple skew angle detection and suppression method for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2021) AIP Advances, 11 (1), p. 015229; Miura, K., Yamamoto, E., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Skew angle effect in shingled writing magnetic recording (2011) Physics Procedia, 16, pp. 2-7; Margaris, A., Adamopoulos, M., Solving nonlinear algebraic systems using artificial neural networks (2007) Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Engineering Applications of Artificial Neural Networks, pp. 107-120. , Thessaloniki, Greece; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with tmr estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55 (7), pp. 1-4; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative signal detection scheme using multilayer perceptron for a bit-patterned media recording system (2020) Appl. Sci., 10 (24), p. 8819; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Dec; Kingma, D.P., Ba, J., Adam: A method for stochastic optimization (2014) 3rd International Conference for Learning Representations, , San Diego},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665435536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun., ITC-CSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Termsanthia2021,
author={Termsanthia, T. and Poompuang, P. and Tungkasthan, A. and Busyatras, W.},
title={The Readback Signal Prediction based on Machine Learning Technique in Bit Patterned Media Recording System},
journal={2021 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021},
year={2021},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501421},
art_number={9501421},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021 ; Conference Date: 27 June 2021 Through 30 June 2021;  Conference Code:171257},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113985883&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501421&partnerID=40&md5=d004932f5d92e9289172bececbe2021b},
affiliation={Rajamangala University of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thanyaburi, Thailand},
abstract={The Bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system is the new challenge technology for the magnetic recording systems to be produced in the future. The readback signal of the BPMR system included 2D interference as inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) to decrease system performance. Therefore, the data of these readback signals were interesting for finding the new model technique from machine learning to analyze about characteristics of the actual readback signal without ISI and ITI. Previous work used the machine learning technique to describe the readback signal of the Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) system. The TDMR is one of the new challenging technology for magnetic recording systems also. Therefore, in this work, we would like to use the machine learning technique such as K-Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, Deep Learning, etc. A classification model is used to predict the actual readback signal output without 2D interference, track misregistration (TMR) and position jitter problems in the BPMR system. The new models can predict and perform accuracy percentage more than 90% from all models in the simulation result, especially in Deep Learning, can achieve higher accuracy than 99% and lower loss. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D interference;  Bit-pattern media recording (BPMR);  Deep Learning;  Machine Learning (ML);  Track misregistration (TMR)},
keywords={Adaptive boosting;  Computer circuits;  Decision trees;  Deep learning;  Forecasting;  Intersymbol interference;  Logistic regression;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Predictive analytics;  Recording instruments;  Signal filtering and prediction, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Classification models;  Inter-track interferences;  Machine learning techniques;  Magnetic recording systems;  Track misregistration;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Learning systems},
funding_details={Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiRajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Faculty of Science and Technology RajaMangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand.},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track, , Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg: PhD thesis; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51 (1), pp. 1-42; Luo, K., Read channel modeling and neural network block predictor for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 56 (1), pp. 1-5. , Jan; Qin, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Automatically resolving intertrack interference with convolution neural network detection channel in tdmr (2021) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 57 (2), pp. 1-6. , Feb; Radhakrishnan, R., Varnica, N., Öberg, M., Estimation of areal density gains of tdmr system with 2d detector (2014) 2014 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications; Warisarn, C., Busyatras, W., Myint, L.M.M., Soft-information flipping approach in multi-head multi-track bpmr systems (2017) 62nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materialsand Collection; Buahing, K., Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., A rate-5/6 2d modulation code for single-reader/two-track reading in bpmr systems (2018) 018 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG); Arrayangkool, A., A simple recorded-bit patterning scheme for bit-patterned media recording (2013) International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-Con; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 tbit/in2 (2011) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655; Sayyafan, A., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Shen, J., Chan, K.S., James, A., Deep neural network based media noise predictors for use in high-density magnetic recording turbo-detectors (2019) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55 (12), pp. 1-6. , Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665435536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun., ITC-CSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Mattayakan2021,
author={Mattayakan, M. and Sokjabok, S. and Warisam, C.},
title={Simple Soft-Information Developers Based on Parallel Detection Scheme in Bit-Patterned Media Recording (BPMR) Systems},
journal={2021 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021},
year={2021},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501473},
art_number={9501473},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 36th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2021 ; Conference Date: 27 June 2021 Through 30 June 2021;  Conference Code:171257},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113976612&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC52171.2021.9501473&partnerID=40&md5=59c4d1a430767bfd4e61d0decce08b82},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Ladkrabang, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Among the alternate ultra-high density data storage technologies, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the mentioned technologies that was proposed to achieve a higher density. Due to the closeness between the magnetic islands, so the readback sequences are disrupted from the effect of two-dimensional (2D) interference, which includes both intersymbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI). In this paper; therefore, we propose the simple and effective soft-information developers (SIDs) to improve the soft-information that are obtained from both vertical and horizontal detectors. An optimal weight was optimized under the BPMR channel before multiplying with the horizontal soft-information. The proposed SIDs and conventional 2D detector's performances were carefully compared in the terms of BER. The results show that our proposed methods achieve a gain of approximately 8 dB at a BER of 10-3. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Hard disk drive;  Magnetic recording technology;  Soft-information},
keywords={Digital storage, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic island;  Optimal weight;  Parallel detection;  Soft information;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Ultra-high density data storage, Computer circuits},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, 10520},
funding_text 1={This paper was supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), 10520, Thailand.},
references={Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev., 44 (3), pp. 311-322. , May; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst Technol, (13), pp. 189-196; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-d modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-d modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , Mar; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2d modulation code in single-reader two-track reading bpmr systems (2021) Digital Communications and Networks, 7 (1), pp. 100-106. , Feb; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One-dimensional serial detection using new two-dimensional partial response target modeling for bitpatterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11, pp. 1-5. , Apr; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two-dimensional bit-patterned media recording channel including track mis-registration (2020) Appli. Sci., 10 (17). , Aug; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrack Interference, , Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Modified multitrack joint two-dimensional viterbi detectors for rate-4/5 and rate-5/6 modulation codes in bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11. , Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665435536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun., ITC-CSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cooky2021347,
author={Cooky, C. and Council, L.D. and Mears, M.A. and Messner, M.A.},
title={One and Done: The Long Eclipse of Women’s Televised Sports, 1989–2019},
journal={Communication and Sport},
year={2021},
volume={9},
number={3},
pages={347-371},
doi={10.1177/21674795211003524},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103082914&doi=10.1177%2f21674795211003524&partnerID=40&md5=11d2df4dbc7933700e42ca4d8b777bca},
affiliation={School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Purdue UniversityIN, United States; University of Southern CaliforniaCA, United States},
abstract={For 3 decades we have tracked and analyzed the quantity and quality of coverage of women’s and men’s sports in televised news and highlights shows. In this paper, we report on our most recent iteration of the longitudinal study, which now includes an examination of online sports newsletters and social media. The study reveals little change in the quantitative apportionment of coverage of women’s and men’s sports over the past 30 years. Men’s sports—especially the “Big Three” of basketball, football and baseball—still receive the lion’s share of the coverage, whether in-season or out of season. When a women’s sports story does appear, it is usually a case of “one and done,” a single women’s sports story obscured by a cluster of men’s stories that precede it, follow it, and are longer in length. Social media posts and online sports newsletters’ coverage, though a bit more diverse in some ways, mostly reflected these same patterned gender asymmetries. Gender-bland sexism continued as the dominant pattern in 2019 TV news and highlights’ stories on women’s sports. Three themes of this “gender-bland” coverage include: 1) nationalism, 2) asymmetrical gender marking coupled with local parochialism, and 3) community service/ charitable contributions. © The Author(s) 2021.},
author_keywords={gender;  gender-bland sexism;  media;  sport;  SportsCenter},
funding_details={Women's Sports FoundationWomen's Sports Foundation},
funding_details={University of Southern CaliforniaUniversity of Southern California, USC},
funding_text 1={The authors thank Margaret Carlisle Duncan, Wayne Wilson, Michela Musto and Orasio Becerra for their contributions to this and to previous iterations of this study. Special thanks to Marj Snyder, Karen Issokson-Silver, Don Sabo, Ange-Marie Hancock-Alfaro, Lawrence Wenner and Martha Avtandilian for their support of the project. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Primary funding for this study was provided through a grant from the Women’s Sports Foundation. The Center for Feminist Research at the University of Southern California, and the Office of the Provost at Purdue University provided supplemental support that made the research possible.},
funding_text 2={The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Primary funding for this study was provided through a grant from the Women’s Sports Foundation. The Center for Feminist Research at the University of Southern California, and the Office of the Provost at Purdue University provided supplemental support that made the research possible.},
references={Adams, T., Tuggle, C.A., ESPN’s SportsCenter and coverage of women’s athletics: It’s a boys’ club (2004) Mass Communication and Society, 7, pp. 237-248; Allison, R., (2018) Kicking center: Gender and the selling of women’s professional soccer, , Rutgers University Press; Bell, T.R., Coche, R., High power kick: Content analysis of the USWNT 2015 world cup victory on American front pages (2018) Communication & Sport, 6 (6), pp. 745-761; Bernstein, A., Is it time for a victory lap? Changes in the media coverage of women in sport (2002) International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 37, pp. 415-428; Billings, A.C., Brown, K.A., Devlin, N.B., Raising the American Flag Via Olympic Media Consumption: Quantitatively Exploring the Ethics of U.S. Nationalism and Sport Spectatorship (2017) Diagoras: International Academic Journal on Olympic Studies, 1, pp. 11-34; Billings, A.C., Angelini, J., Equity achieved? A longitudinal examination of biological sex representation in the NBC Olympic telecast (2000-2018) (2019) Communication & Sport, 7 (5), pp. 551-564; Billings, A.C., Young, B.D., Comparing flagship news programs women’s sport coverage in ESPN’s SportsCenter and FOX Sports 1’s FOX Sports Live (2015) Electronic News, 9 (1), pp. 3-16; Bruce, T., Reflections on communication and sport: On women and femininities (2013) Communication & Sport, 1 (1-2), pp. 125-137; Bruce, T., New rules for new times: Sportswomen and media representation in the third wave (2016) Sex Roles, 74, pp. 361-376; Bryant, H., (2018) The heritage: Black athletes, a divided America, and the politics of patriotism, , Beacon Press; Cooky, C., What’s new about sporting femininities? Female athletes and the sport-media industrial complex (2018) New sporting femininities: Embodied politics in postfeminist times, pp. 23-41. , Toffoletti K., Thorpe H., Francombe-Webb J., (eds), Palgrave Publishers, (Eds.), (., –; Cooky, C., Antunovic, D., This isn’t just about us”: Articulations of feminism in media narratives of athlete activism (2020) Communication & Sport, 8 (4-5), pp. 692-711; Cooky, C., Messner, M.A., (2018) No slam dunk: Gender, sport, and the unevenness of social change, , Rutgers University Press; Cooky, C., Messner, M.A., Hextrum, R., Women play sports, but not on TV: A longitudinal study of televised news media (2013) Communication & Sport, 1, pp. 203-230; Cooky, C., Messner, M.A., Musto, M., It’s dude time!”: A quarter century of excluding women’s sports in televised news and highlights shows (2015) Communication & Sport, 3, pp. 261-287; Daniels, E.A., Sex objects, athletes and sexy athletes: How media representations of women athletes can impact adolescent girls and college women (2009) Journal of Adolescent Research, 24, pp. 399-423; Daniels, E.A., Wartena, H., Athlete or sex symbol: What adolescent boys think of media representations of female athletes (2011) Sex Roles, 65, pp. 566-579; Duncan, M.C., Hasbrook, C.A., Denial of power in televised women’s sports (1988) Sociology of Sport Journal, 5, pp. 1-21; Eitzen, D.S., Zinn, M.B., The de-athleticization of women: The naming and gender-marking of collegiate sports teams (1989) Sociology of Sport Journal, 6, pp. 362-370; Fink, J., Female athletes, women’s sports, and the sport-media commercial complex: Have we really, “come a long way, baby”? (2015) Sport Management Review, 18 (1), pp. 331-342; Gantz, W., Lewis, N., Sports on traditional and newer digital media: Is there really a fight for fans? (2014) Television & New Media, 15 (8), pp. 760-768; Harrison, G., You have to have thick skin”: Embracing the affective turn as an approach to investigating the treatment of women working in sport media (2018) Feminist Media Studies, 18 (5), pp. 952-955; Hull, K., An examination of women’s sports coverage on the twitter accounts of local television sports broadcasters (2017) Communication & Sport, 5 (4), pp. 471-491; Hull, K., Romney, M., It has changed completely”: How local sports broadcasters adapted to no sports (2020) International Journal of Sport Communication, 13, pp. 494-504. , (, a; Hull, K., Romney, M., Welcome to the Big Leagues: Exploring rookie broadcasters’ adjustment to new careers (2020) Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695820933888, (, b; Hutchins, B., Rowe, D., (2012) Sport beyond television: The internet, digital media, and the rise of networked media sport, , Routledge; Jhally, S., The spectacle of accumulation: Material and cultural factors in the evolution of the sport/media complex (1984) The insurgent sociologist, 12, pp. 41-57; Kane, M.J., Lavoi, N., Fink, J.S., Exploring elite female athletes’ interpretations of sport media images: A window into the construction of social identity and “selling sex” in women’s sports (2013) Communication & Sport, 1 (3), pp. 269-298. , https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479512473585; Kane, M.J., Maxwell, H., Expanding the boundaries of sport media research: Using critical theory to explore consumer responses to representations of women’s sports (2011) Journal of Sport Management, 25, pp. 202-216; Koivula, N., Gender stereotyping in televised media sports coverage (1999) Sex Roles, 41, pp. 589-604; Lapchick, R., (2018) The 2018 associated press sports editors racial and gender report card. The institute for diversity and ethics in sports, , University of Central Florida; Lenskyj, H.J., Reflections on communication and sport: On heteronormativity and gender identities (2013) Communication & Sport, 1 (1-2), pp. 138-150; McDonald, M.G., Out-of-bounds plays: The women’s national basketball association and the neoliberal imaginings of sexuality (2012) Sport and neoliberalism: Politics, consumption, and culture, pp. 211-224. , Andrews D.L., Silk M.L., (eds), Temple University Press, (Eds.), (., –; Messner, M.A., (2002) Taking the field: Women, men and sports, , University of Minnesota Press; Messner, M.A., Duncan, M.C., Willms, N., This revolution is not being televised (2006) Contexts: Understanding People in Their Social Worlds, 5, pp. 34-38; Messner, M.A., Duncan, M.C., Jensen, K., Separating the men from the girls: The gendered language of televised sports (1993) Gender & Society, 7, pp. 121-137; Messner, M.A., Duncan, M.C., Wachs, F.L., The gender of audience-building: Televised coverage of men’s and women’s NCAA basketball (1996) Sociological Inquiry, 66, pp. 422-439; Messner, M.A., Duncan, M.C., Cooky, C., Silence, sports bras, and wrestling porn: The treatment of women in televised sports news and highlights (2003) Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27, pp. 38-51; Montez de Oca, J., (2013) Discipline and indulgence: College football, media, and the American way of life during the cold war, , Rutgers University Press; Montez de Oca, J., Scholes, J., Meyer, B., The children are our future: The NFL, corporate responsibility, and the production of “avid fans. (2016) Child’s play: Sport in kids’ worlds, pp. 102-122. , Messner M.A., Musto M., (eds), Rutgers University Press, (Eds.), (., –; Musto, M., Cooky, C., Messner, M.A., From fizzle to sizzle!”: Televised sports news and the production of gender-bland sexism (2017) Gender & Society, 31, pp. 573-596; Reichart Smith, L., Gall Myrick, J., Gantz, W., A test of the relationship between sexist television commentary and enjoyment of women’s sports: Impacts on emotions, attitudes, and viewing intentions (2019) Communication Research Reports, 36 (5), pp. 449-460; Romney, M., Johnson, R.G., The ball game is for the boys: The visual framing of female athletes on national sports networks’ Instagram accounts (2020) Communication & Sport, 8 (6), pp. 738-756; Wolter, S., A longitudinal analysis of ESPNW: Almost 10 years of challenging hegemonic masculinity (2020) Communication & Sport, pp. 1-24; Xu, Q., Billings, A.C., Voices of the gatekeepers: Examining the Olympic channel production through a gendered lens (2021) Mass Communication and Society, , https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2020.1864650},
correspondence_address1={Cooky, C.; School of Interdisciplinary Studies, United States; email: ccooky@purdue.edu},
publisher={SAGE Publications Ltd},
issn={21674795},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Commun. Sport},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Khittiwitchayakul2021612,
author={Khittiwitchayakul, S. and Supnithi, P. and Phakphisut, W.},
title={Associated sectors of magnetic recording system via spatially coupled LDPC codes},
journal={ECTI-CON 2021 - 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology: Smart Electrical System and Technology, Proceedings},
year={2021},
pages={612-615},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON51831.2021.9454834},
art_number={9454834},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2021 ; Conference Date: 19 May 2021 Through 22 May 2021;  Conference Code:170892},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112810169&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON51831.2021.9454834&partnerID=40&md5=58f36ae1f155e782b5bda6a8bc3f8eea},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, School of Engineering, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC- LDPC) codes have emerged as promising advanced error- correcting codes (ECC) for future high-density magnetic recording (MR) systems, which require excellent error-correcting performance and acceptable practical complexity. In the traditional MR systems, the non-associated sectors are generally used, whereby two consecutive sectors are independently decoded by ECC. In this work, we propose the associated sectors of MR systems in which the information stored in the previous sectors can be requested by ECC to reinforce the decoding of the current sector. Moreover, the proposed associated sectors can mitigate the rate-loss problem of SC-LDPC codes in the MR systems. We demonstrate the bit-error-rates (BERs) of SC-LDPC codes in the bit-patterned media magnetic recording (BPMR) systems with non-associated sectors and associated sectors. The simulation results show that the associated sectors help achieve significant performance gains compared to the non-associated sectors. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Associated sector;  LDPC code;  Non-associated sector;  Spatially coupled codes},
keywords={Decoding;  Errors;  Magnetism, Bit-patterned media;  Error correcting code;  Error-correcting;  High-density magnetic recording;  LDPC codes;  Low density parity check;  Magnetic recording systems;  Performance Gain, Magnetic recording},
references={Jimenez Felstrom, A., Zigangirov, K.S., Time-varying periodic convolutional codes with low-density parity-check matrix (1999) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 45 (6), pp. 2181-2191; Lentmaier, M., Sridharan, A., Costello, D.J., Zigangirov, K.S., Iterative decoding threshold analysis for LDPC convolutional codes (2010) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 56 (10), p. 52745289. , Oct; Kudekar, S., Richardson, T.J., Urbanke, R.L., Threshold saturation via spatial coupling: Why convolutional LDPC ensembles perform so well over the bec (2011) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 57 (2), pp. 803-834. , Feb; Iyengar, A.R., Papaleo, M., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Vanelli-Coralli, A., Corazza, G.E., Windowed decoding of protograph-based LDPC convolutional codes over erasure channels (2012) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 58 (4), pp. 2303-2320. , April; Esfahanizadeh, H., Hareedy, A., Dolecek, L., Spatially coupled codes optimized for magnetic recording applications (2017) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 53 (2), pp. 1-11. , Feb; Yang, Z., Fang, Y., Han, G., Kong, L., Zhang, G., Design and analysis of spatially coupled protograph LDPC codes for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2018) 2018 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC), pp. 1-2. , Shanghai; Khittiwitchayakul, S., Phakphisut, W., Supnithi, P., Reduced complexity window decoding of spatially coupled LDPC codes for magnetic recording systems (2018) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 54 (11), pp. 1-5. , Nov; Esfahanizadeh, H., Hareedy, A., Wu, R., Galbraith, R., Dolecek, L., Spatially-coupled codes for channels with snr variation (2018) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 54 (11), pp. 1-5. , Nov; Kwak, H., Kim, J., Jong-Seon, Rate-loss reduction of SC-LDPC codes by optimizing reliable variable nodes via expected graph evolution (2017) 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), pp. 2930-2934. , Aachen; Kwak, H., Yun, D., No, J., Rate-loss mitigation of SC-LDPC codes without performance degradation (2020) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68 (1), pp. 55-65. , Jan; Thorpe, J., Low-density parity-check (ldpc) codes constructed from protographs (2003) JPLINP, , Tech. Rep., Aug; Mitchell, D.G.M., Lentmaier, M., Costello, D.J., Spatially coupled LDPC codes constructed from protographs (2015) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 61 (9), pp. 4866-4889. , Sept; Van Nguyen, T., Nosratinia, A., Divsalar, D., Protograph-based LDPC codes for partial response channels (2012) IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 2166-2170. , Ottawa; Hu, X., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Ten Brink, S., Kramer, G., Ashikhmin, A., Design of low-density parity-check codes for modulation and detection (2004) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 52 (4), pp. 670-678. , April; Liva, G., Chiani, M., Protograph LDPC codes design based on exit analysis (2007) IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference 2007, pp. 3250-3254. , Washington, DC},
editor={Kumsuwan Y.},
sponsors={ECTI Association; IEEE Thailand Section},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9780738111278},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol.: Smart Electr. Syst. Technol., Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Buajong2021608,
author={Buajong, C. and Warisarn, C. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={An Intertrack Interference (ITI) subtraction scheme for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={ECTI-CON 2021 - 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology: Smart Electrical System and Technology, Proceedings},
year={2021},
pages={608-611},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON51831.2021.9454863},
art_number={9454863},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2021 ; Conference Date: 19 May 2021 Through 22 May 2021;  Conference Code:170892},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112807079&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON51831.2021.9454863&partnerID=40&md5=4751cc5c2cbd4f29d65c50c79bc9d3a3},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Advanced Signal Processing for Disruptive Innovation Research Center, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Currently, hard disk drive has been struggled to overcome the super-paramagnetic limit that restricts the density increment. Bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) is a candidate that can increase an areal density (AD) up to 4 Tb/in2. However, inter-track interference (ITI) arising from a narrow track width at high AD severely degrades the system performance. This study proposes the ITI subtraction technique with turbo iteration in a coded BPMR system. This method refines the equalized sequence by subtracting the ITI using an imitated ITI sequence that is generated by the soft information obtained from turbo iteration and ITI coefficients. The refined sequence that contains the partial ITI is sent to the turbo iteration as many rounds as needed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system outperforms the conventional system whether or not media noise is considered. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={BPMR;  Hard disk drive;  Inter-track interference;  SOVA},
keywords={Computer science;  Computers;  Electrical engineering;  Mathematical techniques, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Conventional systems;  Hard Disk Drive;  Inter-track interferences;  Paramagnetic limits;  Soft information;  Turbo-iteration, Iterative methods},
references={Wood, R., The feasible of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasible of magnetic recording at 10 terabit per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An m-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improvement in bit error rate with a combination of a rate-3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array-reader-based magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative two-head two-track detection method for staggered bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-7. , Jul; Gallager, R., Low density parity check code (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Yamashita, M., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications (1989) Proc. Globecom'89, pp. 1680-1686. , November},
editor={Kumsuwan Y.},
sponsors={ECTI Association; IEEE Thailand Section},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9780738111278},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol.: Smart Electr. Syst. Technol., Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Mattayakan2021620,
author={Mattayakan, M. and Sokjabok, S. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Codeword design of a Rate-5/6 for single-reader two-track reading in BPMR systems},
journal={ECTI-CON 2021 - 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology: Smart Electrical System and Technology, Proceedings},
year={2021},
pages={620-623},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON51831.2021.9454909},
art_number={9454909},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2021 ; Conference Date: 19 May 2021 Through 22 May 2021;  Conference Code:170892},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112796746&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON51831.2021.9454909&partnerID=40&md5=1cb34a48ef7a90238ae6579a4db44ab4},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract={At present, the information storage demand of hard disk drive (HDD) was dramatically increasing every year. However, an increase of an areal density (AD) for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) seems to be crucial for HDD industry. One of the main problems of BPMR system is two-dimensional interference effect that composes of inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI), which still be the main challenge that we have to flounder to continuously enhance the efficiency of magnetic recording system. Therefore, this paper proposes a rate-5/6 2D modulation code to evolve bit error rate (BER) efficiency of a staggered single-reader two-track reading (SRTR) based BPMR systems. We select all 32 codewords from all 64 considered patterns according to the statistics principle considering. The first 32 patterns that provide the least error-bit number will then be defined as our proposed codewords. These selected patterns can efficiently avoid the forbidden patterns that means it is going to radically suppress both ISI and ITI effects. We simply encode by using a look-up table, while we use the Euclidean distance concept to recover user bits in the decoding process. From the simulation, we found that the proposed method shows a better BER efficiency than both the uncoded and conventional recording systems. Even we add more media noises, this proposed system still provides us with a better performance. Moreover, SRTR scheme offers us more satisfactory capability than the conventional recording systems. © 2021 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D modulation codes;  Areal density (AD);  Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR)},
keywords={Efficiency;  Hard disk storage;  Intersymbol interference;  Recording instruments;  Table lookup, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Euclidean distance;  Forbidden pattern;  Hard disk drives;  Inter-track interferences;  Interference effects;  Magnetic recording systems;  Recording systems, Bit error rate},
references={YShiroishi, F.K., Tagawa, I., FLIwasaki, T.S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikaw, N., Future options for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection with reduced-state sequence estimation (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans, E96-C (12). , Dec; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-d modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magnetics Letters, 10. , Dec; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2d modulation code in single-reader two-track reading bpmr systems (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Sokjabok, S., Warisarn, C., Koonkarnkhai, S., Lee, J., Modified 2d viterbi algorithm using 2d modulation encoding constraints in bpmr systems (2020) 2020 17th International Conference on ECTI-Con, p. 457460. , Phuket, Thailand; Danielsson, P.E., Euclidean distance mapping (1980) Computer Graphics and Image. Processing, 14, pp. 227-248; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-d write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (12). , Dec; Nutterl, P.W., Ntokasl, I.T., Middletonl, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10). , Oct; Yamashila, M., Osawa, H., YOkamoto, Y., Suzuki, N., Miura, Y., HMurao, K., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088},
editor={Kumsuwan Y.},
sponsors={ECTI Association; IEEE Thailand Section},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9780738111278},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol.: Smart Electr. Syst. Technol., Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2021,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Serial detection with neural network-based noise prediction for bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2021},
volume={11},
number={10},
doi={10.3390/app11104387},
art_number={4387},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106621150&doi=10.3390%2fapp11104387&partnerID=40&md5=cff8c6c3cd72709aee4773dd400c602e},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Ultra-high density data storage has gained high significance given the increasing amounts of data; many technologies have been proposed to achieve a high density. Among them, bit-pattern media recording (BPMR) is a promising technology. In BPMR systems, data are stored on magnetic islands. Therefore, high densities can be achieved by reducing the distance between the magnetic islands. Because of the closeness between the magnetic islands, the readback signal is distorted by two-dimensional (2D) interference, which includes the intersymbol interference according to the down-track direction and the intertrack interference according to the cross-track direction. A simple and effective serial detection algorithm was recently proposed to mitigate the 2D interference. However, serial detection utilizes the hard output in inner detection, and this degrades the serial detection performance. To resolve this problem, a subsequent study used feedback to estimate the noise and used this noise signal to create a soft output for inner detection. Following up, in this paper we propose a model that utilizes a neural network for noise prediction. The proposed neural network-based model and the model with the feedback line were compared in terms of bit error rate (BER). The results show that the proposed model achieves a gain of approximately 1 dB at a BER of 10−6. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Information storage;  Intersymbol interference;  Neural network;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm},
funding_details={IITP-2020-2020-0-01602},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP},
funding_text 1={Funding: This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea, under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program (IITP-2020-2020-0-01602) supervised by the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP).},
references={Lee, J.S., Nano-floating gate memory devices (2011) Electron. Mater. Lett, 7, pp. 175-183. , [CrossRef]; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 11, pp. 917-923. , [CrossRef]; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev, 44, pp. 311-322. , [CrossRef]; Woor, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 36-42. , [CrossRef]; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Mountfield, K., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421. , [CrossRef]; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2142-2144. , [CrossRef]; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3899-3908. , [CrossRef]; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792. , [CrossRef]; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improve in bit error rate with a combination of a rate-3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array-reader-based magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-Dimensional Generalized Partial Response Equalizer for Bit-Patterned Media Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, UK, 24–28 June 2007; [CrossRef]; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2274-2276. , [CrossRef]; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-d equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-10. , [CrossRef]; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48, p. 03A003. , [CrossRef]; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, pp. 594-597. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Signal detection under multipath intersymbol interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One-dimensional serial detection using new two-dimensional partial response target modeling for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two-dimensional bit-patterned media recording channel including track mis-registration (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5738. , [CrossRef]; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) IEEE Signal Proc. Lett, 14, pp. 433-436. , [CrossRef]; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2-d inter-symbol interference channel detection with gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 4768-4773. , [CrossRef]; Sen, J., Nangare, N., Nonlinear Equalization for TDMR Channels using Neural Networks Proceedings of the 2020 54th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), pp. 1-6. , Princeton, NJ, USA, 18–20 March 2020; [CrossRef]; Nair, S.K., Moon, J., Data storage channel equalization using neural network (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 8, pp. 1037-1048. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Luo, K., Wang, S., Xie, G., Chen, W., Chen, J., Lu, P., Cheng, W., Read channel modeling and neural network bolck predictor for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn, 56, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit-patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54, pp. 1-4. , [CrossRef]; Sildir, H., Aydin, E., Kavzoglu, T., Design of feedforward neural networks in the classification of hyperspectral imagery using superstructural optimization (2020) Remote Sens, 12, p. 956. , [CrossRef]; Møller, M.F., A scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for fast supervised learning (1993) Neural Netw, 6, pp. 525-533. , [CrossRef]; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Twin iterative detection for bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-4. , [CrossRef]; Shen, J., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Chan, K.S., James, A., Convolutional neural network based symbol detector for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn, 57, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef]; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Modified viterbi algorithm with feedback using a two-dimensional 3-way generalized partial response target for bit-patterned media recording systems (2021) Appli. Sci, 11, p. 728. , [CrossRef]; Sayyafan, A., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Shen, J., Chan, K.S., James, A., Deep neural network based media noise predictors for use in high-density magnetic recording turbo-detectors (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, pp. 1-6. , [CrossRef]; Shen, J., Aboutaleb, A., Sivakumar, K., Belzer, B.J., Chan, K.S., James, A., Deep neural network a posteriori probability detector for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn, 56, pp. 1-12. , [CrossRef]},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2021,
author={Chen, W. and Chen, J. and Gan, Z. and Ma, Y. and Luo, K. and Huang, Z. and He, Y. and Lu, P.},
title={A simple and effective semi-circle resonator system for bit-patterned HAMR},
journal={Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics},
year={2021},
volume={391},
doi={10.1016/j.physleta.2020.127129},
art_number={127129},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098985636&doi=10.1016%2fj.physleta.2020.127129&partnerID=40&md5=b4b63f310e0ec317780d9674d643cc5a},
affiliation={Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of Data Storage Systems and Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Computer Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China},
abstract={The light delivery system with a light spot is the key component of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). We proposed a semi-circle resonator system as the light delivery system for HAMR. It consists of only a semi-circle resonator, a reflecting mirror, and a near-field transducer (NFT). The resonator can provide a stable enhanced optical field to excite the localized surface plasmon of NFT without complex focusing lenses or external controls. Numerical results show that the size of light spots can be 20–40 nm with a good field enhancement. Combined with bit-patterned media, the performance can be improved several times than the thin-film structure. The thermal profile of the light spot shows that the areal density of HAMR can further improve beyond the limit size of light spots, and the recording bit can be reduced to 12×12 nm2 corresponding to the areal density of about 4 Tb/in2. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  High areal density;  Light delivery system},
keywords={Lenses;  Surface plasmons, Bit-patterned media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Light delivery systems;  Localized surface plasmon;  Near-field transducers;  Numerical results;  Reflecting mirrors;  Thin-film structure, Resonators},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61272068, 61672246, 61902243},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grant No. 61672246 , No. 61272068 , and No. 61902243 .},
references={Challener, W., Peng, C., Itagi, A., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X., Hsia, Y.-T., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nat. Photonics, 3 (4), p. 220; Krishnamurthy, V., Ng, D.K.T., Lim, K.P., Wang, Q., Efficient integrated light-delivery system design for hamr: maximal optical coupling for transducer and nanowaveguide (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (2), pp. 1-7; Gosciniak, J., Mooney, M., Gubbinsi, M., Corbett, B., Novel mach–zehnder interferometer waveguide design as a light delivery system for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (2), pp. 1-7; Chen, W., Chen, J., Gan, Z., Luo, K., Huang, Z., Lu, P., High-field enhancement of plasmonics antenna using ring resonator for hamr (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (7), pp. 1-5; Martin, Y.C., Hamann, H.F., Wickramasinghe, H.K., Strength of the electric field in apertureless near-field optical microscopy (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89 (10), pp. 5774-5778; Peng, C., Ko, K.D., Lightning rod resonance of a plasmonic near-field transducer (2017) Opt. Express, 25 (13), pp. 14204-14209; Yamamoto, N., Ohtani, S., Garcća de Abajo, F.J., Gap and mie plasmons in individual silver nanospheres near a silver surface (2010) Nano Lett., 11 (1), pp. 91-95; Gosciniak, J., Mooney, M., Gubbins, M., Corbett, B., Novel droplet near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2015) J. Nanophotonics, 4 (1), pp. 503-510; Datta, A., Zeng, Z., Xu, X., Split ring resonator as a nanoscale optical transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2019) Opt. Express, 27 (20), pp. 28264-28278; Zhou, N., Traverso, L.M., Xu, X., Power delivery and self-heating in nanoscale near field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2015) Nanotechnology, 26 (13); Datta, A., Xu, X., Improved near-field transducer design for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (12), pp. 1-6; Powell, S.P., Black, E.J., Schlesinger, T.E., Bain, J.A., The influence of media optical properties on the efficiency of optical power delivery for heat assisted magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7); Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Optical modeling of media for heat assisted magnetic recording (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (9)},
correspondence_address1={Chen, J.; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, China},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03759601},
coden={PYLAA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys Lett Sect A Gen At Solid State Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2021,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Signal Detection Using Extrinsic Information from Neural Networks for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2021},
volume={57},
number={3},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2020.3026714},
art_number={9205869},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101675092&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2020.3026714&partnerID=40&md5=80fe4f62e3d7e1b10cc0aa0055c6358e},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={To meet the demand for storing large amounts of data, there has been a stronger focus on increasing the recording density of a hard disk drive (HDD). While conventional HDD suffers from thermal effect and superparamagnetic limit, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has the potential to resolve these problems and is capable of increasing areal density (AD) beyond 1 terabit per square inch. To increase the AD of BPMR, the distance between islands in both the down- and cross-track directions must be reduced. Consequently, the decreased bit period and track pitch induce more intersymbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI), which degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance. In this study, extrinsic information obtained from a multilayer perceptron (MLP) equalizer is used as a priori information in a partial response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detector to improve the detection performance of BPMR. The proposed detection scheme shows better performance compared to both the MLP equalizer and conventional PRML alone. In addition, it was found that the proposed detector provides improved performance when track misregistration (TMR) occurs. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  extrinsic information;  neural network;  signal detection},
keywords={Equalizers;  Hard disk storage;  Maximum likelihood;  Multilayer neural networks;  Signal detection, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Detection performance;  Inter-track interferences;  Multi layer perceptron;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Superparamagnetic limit, Bit error rate},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10. , Dec; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative LDPC-LDPC product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , Mar; Nair, S.K., Moon, J., Data storage channel equalization using neural networks (1997) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 8 (5), pp. 1037-1048. , Sep; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7). , Jul; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11. , May; Tuchler, M., Singer, A.C., Koetter, R., Minimum mean squared error equalization using a priori information (2002) IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 50 (3), pp. 673-683. , Mar; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Chollet, F., (2018) Deep Learning with Python, 2. , Shelter Island, NY, USA: Manning; Kingma, D.P., Ba, J., Adam: A method for stochastic optimization (2015) Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR), pp. 1-15. , San Diego, CA, USA},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yamane2021,
author={Yamane, H. and Greaves, S.J. and Tanaka, Y.},
title={Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording on Dual Structure Bit Patterned Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2021},
volume={57},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2020.3020088},
art_number={9179785},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099758943&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2020.3020088&partnerID=40&md5=20dd9d5cd6f858035a041a2a73158adb},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan},
abstract={Heat-assisted magnetic recording on bit patterned media dots with two magnetic structures is modeled. If the magnetic structures have different Curie temperatures two bits of information can be stored in each dot by writing at high and low temperatures. The areal density capability of the dual structure media was calculated and found to be in excess of 7 Tbit/in2, even when taking account of dot position distributions and magnetostatic fields from surrounding dots. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Dual structure recording;  heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  simulation},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetic structure;  Magnetostatics, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Low temperatures;  Magnetostatic field, Magnetism},
references={Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Challener, W.A., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nature Photon., 3 (4), pp. 220-224. , Apr; Amos, N., Multilevel-3D bit patterned magnetic media with 8 signal levels per nanocolumn (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (7). , Jul; Yuan, Z., Liu, B., Double layer magnetic data storage-An approach towards 3D magnetic recording (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235 (1-3), pp. 481-486. , Oct; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Multiple layer microwaveassisted magnetic recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (2). , Feb; Suto, H., Kudo, K., Nagasawa, T., Kanao, T., Mizushima, K., Sato, R., Three-dimensional magnetic recording using ferromagnetic resonance (2016) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 55 (7). , S3, Jun; Chan, K.S., Aboutaleb, A., Sivakumar, K., Belzer, B., Wood, R., Rahardja, S., Data recovery for multilayer magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (2). , Dec; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Stochastic form of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation (2012) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 85. , Jan; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Modelling of heat assisted magnetic recording with the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation and Brillouin functions (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117 (17); Albrecht, M., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5). , May; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Basic noise mechanisms of heat-assisted-magnetic recording (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 120. , Oct; Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., Understanding signal and noise in heat assisted magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 765-772. , Feb; Li, H., Johnson, B., Morelli, M., Gibbons, M., Zhu, J.-G., Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio impact in heat assisted magnetic recording under insufficient head field (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17). , May; John Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov; Shannon, C.E., A mathematical theory of communication (1948) Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27 (4), pp. 623-656. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.J.; RIEC, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hussain2021,
author={Hussain, R. and Aakansha and Ravi, S. and Srivastava, S.K.},
title={Magnetic properties of ordered array of nanobumps of [Co/Ni]4, 10, 20 multilayers},
journal={Solid State Communications},
year={2021},
volume={324},
doi={10.1016/j.ssc.2020.114144},
art_number={114144},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096175807&doi=10.1016%2fj.ssc.2020.114144&partnerID=40&md5=d52d7ad99f1d2b370ae0b87ac285dd32},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, 783370, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India},
abstract={Recently, bit patterned media (BPM) have been projected as one of the promising media for high density magnetic storage devices. In this work, we have studied the magnetic properties of Co/Ni multilayers-based BPM. Thin films of [Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)]4, 10, 20 multilayers (MLs) were deposited on the barrier layer of an ordered array of nano-bump of anodic alumina (AAO) template using dc magnetron sputtering. From the measurement of room temperature magnetization hysteresis (M − H) curves, it is observed that [Co(0.3nm/Ni(0.6 nm)] nano bumps with N = 4 and 10 bi-layers exhibit magnetic isotropy behavior but, nanobumps with N = 20 bi-layers is found to display perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with an anisotropy constant (Ku) of 1.90 × 105 erg/cm3. The value of coercivity (HC) and squareness increases up to N = 10 bi-layers and then it further decreases for N = 20 bi-layer. The value of HC is found to be in the range of 100–200 Oe. The post-annealing of the nano-bumps enhances the coercivity but it destroys the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The obtained magnetic properties parameters on nano-bumps are compared with the properties of the same multilayers deposited on a flat Si substrate. It is observed that the values of HC for Co/Ni nanobumps was found to be higher in comparison to the films deposited on flat Si substrates, but squareness (MR/MS) and Ku were found to be lower. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Co/Ni Multilayer;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Thin film},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Annealing;  Coercive force;  Film preparation;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Nickel compounds;  Silicon;  Substrates;  Virtual storage, Anisotropy constants;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Dc magnetron sputtering;  High density magnetic storage;  Magnetic isotropy;  Magnetic properties of co;  Magnetization hysteresis;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, डीएसटी},
funding_details={Science and Engineering Research BoardScience and Engineering Research Board, SERB, ECR /2016/000713},
funding_text 1={SKS acknowledges the financial support for a project through ‘Early Career Research Award’ from DST- SERB India, with sanction order number (SERB/LoginPage” title = " http://serbonline.in/ SERB /LoginPage"> ECR /2016/000713 ).},
funding_text 2={SKS acknowledges the financial support for a project through ?Early Career Research Award? from DST-SERB India, with sanction order number (SERB/LoginPage? title = "http://serbonline.in/SERB/LoginPage">ECR/2016/000713).},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , J. Liu E. Fullerton O. Gutfleisch D. Sellmyer Springer Boston, MA 2009; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Richter, H.J., (1999) J. of Physics D-Applied Physics, 32, p. R147; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L.S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. of physics D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T.A., Schattenberg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Piraux, L., Antohe, V.A., Abreu Araujo, F., Srivastava, S.K., Hehn, M., Lacour, D., Mangin, S., Hauet, T., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89, p. 174421; Hussain, R., Aakansha, Brahma, B., Basumatary, R.K., Brahma, R., Ravi, S., Srivastava, S.K., (2019) J. Supercond. Nov. Magnetism, 32 (12), p. 4027; Srivastava, S.K., Hussain, R., Hauet, T., Piraux, L., (2019) AIP Conference Proceedings, 2115; Tudu, B., Tiwari, A., (2017) Vacuum, 146, p. 329; Hansen, P., Clausen, C., Much, G., Rosenkranz, M., Witter, K., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 66, p. 756; Kuo, P.C., Kuo, C.-M., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 3317; Gottwald, M., Hehn, M., Montaigne, F., Lacour, D., Lengaigne, G., Suire, S., Mangin, S., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Guo, Z.B., Mi, W.B., Li, J.Q., Cheng, Y.C., Zhang, X.X., (2014) Europhys. Lett., 105 (4), p. 46005; Hussain, R., Aakansha, Brahma, B., Basumatary, R., Brahma, R., Ravi, S., Srivastava, S.K., (2020) J. Supercond. Nov. Magnetism, 33, p. 1759; Brahma, B., Hussain, R., Basumatary, R.K., Aakansha, Ravi, S., Brahma, R., Srivastava, S.K., (2020) J. Supercond. Nov. Magnetism, 33 (9), p. 2891; Basumatary, R.K., Aakansha, Basumatary, B., Brahma, B., Hussain, R., Ravi, S., Brahma, R., Srivastava, S.K., (2020) J. Supercond. Nov. Magnetism, 33 (10), p. 3165; Gimbert, F., Calmels, L., Andrieu, S., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84; Hussain, R., Aakansha, Ravi, S., Srivastava, S.K., (2020) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 31 (14), p. 11975; Ayareh, Z., Moradi, M., Mahmoodi, S., (2018) Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 549, p. 30; Liu, Y., Wang, X., (2019) Phys. Lett., 383, p. 125986; Chen, X., Li, M., Yang, K., Jiang, S., Han, G., Liu, Q., Yu, G., (2015) AIP Adv., 5; Wang, W.X., Yang, Y., Naganuma, H., Ando, Y., Yu, R.C., Han, X.F., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99; Wu, D., Chen, S., Zhang, Z., Ma, B., Jin, Q.Y., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, p. 242401; Zhang, Y.B., Woollam, J.A., Annealing effects of Co/Ni multilayers (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, p. 3262; Posth, O., Hassel, C., Spasova, M., Dumpich, G., Lindner, J., Mangin, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106; Deger, C., Ozdemir, M., Yildiz, F., (2016) J. Magn. Magn Mater., 408, p. 13; Grimsditch, M., Jaccard, Y., Schuller, I.K., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 11539; Zhai, Y., (2002) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 14 (34), p. 7865; Wang, Z., (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett., 94 (13), p. 137208},
correspondence_address1={Srivastava, S.K.; Department of Physics, India; email: sk.srivastava@cit.ac.in},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={00381098},
coden={SSCOA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Solid State Commun},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koonkarnkhai2021107,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={An iterative ITI cancellation method for multi-head multi-track bit-patterned magnetic recording systems},
journal={Digital Communications and Networks},
year={2021},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={107-112},
doi={10.1016/j.dcan.2020.02.003},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082805713&doi=10.1016%2fj.dcan.2020.02.003&partnerID=40&md5=0cb2695b0260fc956226f3f47e0d2625},
affiliation={Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (BPMR) is one of the emerging data storage technologies, which promises an Areal Density (AD) of about 4 Tb/in2. However, a major problem practically encountered in a BPMR system is Inter-Track Interference (ITI) that can deteriorate the overall system performance, especially at high ADs. This paper proposes an iterative ITI cancellation method for an m-head m-track BPMR system, which uses m heads to read m adjacent tracks and decodes them simultaneously. To cancel the ITI, we subtract the weighted readback signals of adjacent tracks, acting as the ITI signals, from the readback signal of the target track, before passing the refined readback signal to a turbo decoder. Then, the decoded data will be employed to reconstruct the ITI signal for the next turbo iteration. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system performs better than the conventional system that uses one head to read one data track. Furthermore, we also find out that the proposed system is more robust to media noise and track misregistration than the conventional system. © 2020 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications},
author_keywords={Emerging magnetic recording technology;  Inter-track interference;  Multi-head multi-track;  Turbo decoder},
funding_details={GP_62_12},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand , under Grant GP_62_12 . The authors would like to thank Lin Min Min Myint for his guidance and also the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Write modeling and read signal processing for heat-assisted bit-patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54 (2), pp. 1-10; Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., Thermally assisted magnetic recording with bit-patterned media to achieve areal recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2 (2012) J. Magn. Magn Mater., 324 (3), pp. 309-313; Nabavi, S., Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, Tech. Rep. (2008), Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, USA; Zhang, S., Chai, K., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365; Karakulak, S., From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media Recording, Tech. Rep. (2010), Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng., University of California San Diego, USA; Koonkarnkhai, S., Keeratiwintakorn, P., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Two-dimensional cross-track asymmetric target design for high-density bit-patterned media recording (2011) 2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS), pp. 1-4; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative two-head two-track detection method for staggered bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-7; Fujii, M., Shinohara, N., Multi-track iterative ITI canceller for shingled write recording (2010) 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, pp. 1062-1067; Shi, S., Barry, J.R., Multitrack detection with 2D pattern-dependent noise prediction (2018) 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-6; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-d equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10), pp. 1-10; Koonkarnkhai, S., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Iterative decoding for high-density bit-patterned media recording (2012) Procedia Eng., 32, pp. 323-328; Gallager, R., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications (1989) 1989 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition ‘Communications Technology for the 1990s and beyond’, 3, pp. 1680-1686; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088},
correspondence_address1={Koonkarnkhai, S.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Thailand; email: santi@npru.ac.th},
publisher={Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications},
issn={24685925},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Digit. Commun Netw.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Busyatras2021100,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A simple 2D modulation code in single-reader two-track reading BPMR systems},
journal={Digital Communications and Networks},
year={2021},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={100-106},
doi={10.1016/j.dcan.2019.11.003},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081243722&doi=10.1016%2fj.dcan.2019.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=528ce2d42f4acbc5b170fab7945ca2d9},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiPathumthani  12110, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={A reduction in the track width of magnetic recording systems results in a welcome increase in Areal Density (AD), but can severely deteriorate system performance in the unfortunate appearance of extreme Inter-Track Interference (ITI). The effect of severe ITI may be mitigated by using coding schemes. In this paper, therefore, we present a rate-5/6 2-Dimensional (2D) modulation code based on a proposed Single-Reader/Two-track Reading (SRTR) technique to cope with this serious problem in staggered Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (BPMR) systems. We then evaluate the Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed system in the presence of media noises, e.g., position and size fluctuations. Our simulation results indicate that, at the same User Density (UD), the proposed system performs better than an uncoded system by about 1.0 ​dB ​at the BER of 10−5 and is also superior to the conventional recording system. © 2019 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications},
author_keywords={2D interference;  2D modulation code;  Bit-patterned media recording;  Single-reader/two-track reading},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, RSA6080051},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by the Thailand Research Fund under the grant number RSA6080051 , College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI) , and King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand .},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254; Ozaki, K., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., ITI canceller for reading shingle-recorded tracks (2011) Phys. Procedia, 16, pp. 83-87. , special Issue on the 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference; Okamoto, Y., Ozaki, K., Yamashita, M., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of ITI canceller using granular medium model (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3570-3573; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection with reduced-state sequence estimation (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), pp. 1-4; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recordedbit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), pp. 1-4; Pituso, K., Warisarn, C., Tongsomporn, D., Kovintavewat, P., An intertrack interference subtraction scheme for a rate-4/5 modulation code for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Magn. Lett., 7, pp. 1-5; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Two-track reading with a widetrack reader for shingled track recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), pp. 1-4; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Multitrack reading scheme with single reader in BPMR systems (2017) 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, pp. 457-460. , iEECON); Ahmed, M.Z., Davey, P.J., Kurihara, Y., Constructive intertrack interference (CITI) codes for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, pp. 432-436; Kurihara, Y., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (22), pp. 3140-3143; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17A904; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI mitigation 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533; Deza, E., Marie, M., Encyclopedia of Distances (2009), Springer; Yamashita, M., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., A simple inter-track interference subtraction technique in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems (2018) IEICE Trans. Electr. E101 C, (5), pp. 404-408; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications},
issn={24685925},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Digit. Commun Netw.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen20211,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Modified viterbi algorithm with feedback using a two‐dimensional 3‐way generalized partial response target for bit‐patterned media recording systems},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2021},
volume={11},
number={2},
pages={1-23},
doi={10.3390/app11020728},
art_number={728},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099343414&doi=10.3390%2fapp11020728&partnerID=40&md5=c96198ff64e4f97a585f7a4823014a23},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={The ever‐increasing demand for data in recent times has led to the emergence of big data and cloud data. The growth in these fields has necessitated that data be centrally stored in data centers. To meet the need for large‐scale storage systems at data centers, innovative technology such as bit‐pattern media recording (BPMR) has been developed. With BPMR technology, we are able to achieve significant improvements in high areal density (AD) of magnetic data storage systems. However, two‐dimensional (2D) interference is a common issue faced with high AD. Intersymbol interference and intertrack interference occur when the distance between the islands is decreased in the down‐track and cross‐track, respectively. 2D interference adversely affects the performance of BPMR. In this paper, we propose an improved modified Viterbi algorithm (MVA) exploiting a feedback and a new 2D three‐way form of a generalized partial response (GPR) target. The proposed MVA with feedback is superior to the previous MVA by eliminating intertrack interference (ITI) more effectively. With the three‐way GPR target, the proposed algorithm achieves more stable performance compared to the previous detection algorithms for the track misregistration effect. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Area density;  Bit‐patterned media recording;  Hard disk drive;  Information storage;  Intersymbol interference;  Partial response maximum likelihood},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, NRF‐2019R1FA1046899},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF‐2019R1FA1046899).},
references={Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev, 44, pp. 311-322; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Three typical bit position patterns of bit‐patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Magn. Lett, 9, pp. 1-4; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Mountfield, K., Heat‐assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 125-131; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 917-923; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2142-2144; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit‐patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error‐correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit‐patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improve in bit error rate with a combination of a rate‐3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array‐reader‐based magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett, 10, pp. 1-5; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two‐dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48, p. 03A003; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative two‐dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, pp. 594-597; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit‐patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2274-2276; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bidirectional decision feedback modified viterbi detection (BD‐DFMV) for shingled bit‐patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) with 2D sectors and alternating track widths (2016) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 34, pp. 2450-2462; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Mitigating the effects of track mis‐registration in bit‐patterned media (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 2061-2065. , Bejing, China, 19–23 May; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2‐D equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-10; Shi, Y., Nutter, P.W., Miles, J.J., Performance evaluation of bit patterned media channels with island size variations (2013) IEEE Trans. Commun, 61, pp. 228-236; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row‐column soft‐decision feedback algorithm for two‐dimensional intersymbol interfer-ence (2007) IEEE Signal Proc. Lett, 14, pp. 433-436; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low‐complexity iterative row‐column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2‐ d inter‐symbol interference channel detection with gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 4768-4773; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit‐patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54, pp. 1-4; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Twin iterative detection for bit‐patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, pp. 1-4; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two‐dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit‐patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two‐dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit‐patterned media (2007) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, UK, 24–28 June; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One‐dimensional serial detection using new two‐dimensional partial response target modeling for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, pp. 1-5; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self‐assembled nano‐masks for bit‐patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3523-3526},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Jeong2021,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Two Serial Multi-Layer Perceptrons for Signal Detection and Modulation Code Decoding for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={32nd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2021},
year={2021},
doi={10.1109/TMRC53175.2021.9605110},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 32nd Magnetic Recording Conference, TMRC 2021 ; Conference Date: 16 August 2021 Through 19 August 2021;  Conference Code:174101},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123470626&doi=10.1109%2fTMRC53175.2021.9605110&partnerID=40&md5=a00b6bccee67e5ef493b3e0a2e8e01e0},
affiliation={Soongsil Univ., Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Since conventional data storage systems are faced with difficult problems such as superparamagnetic limit and thermal effect, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) which resolves these problems receives attention as a promising next generation magnetic data storage system. The advantages of BPMR are reduced track edge noise and nonlinear bit shift and easily simplified tracking. However, the reduced spacing between islands to increase areal density causes severe intersymbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI) which degrade BPMR system performance. To prevent error patterns that bring more ITI, modulation coding schemes was proposed [1]. Also, to improve system performance, neural networks have been applied to detection and decoding in data storage system [2]. In this paper, we propose two serial multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) which are used for signal detection and modulation decoding, respectively, for BPMR. © 2021 IEEE.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic storage;  Modulation;  Signal detection, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Data storage systems;  Detection codes;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Multilayers perceptrons;  Signal modulations;  Signal's detections;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Systems performance, Decoding},
references={Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11, p. 6502705; Han, S., Kong, G., S Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans.Magn., 55 (7), p. 3100704},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Soongsil Univ.South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
sponsors={Broadcom; Seagate; TDK; Toshiba; Western Digital},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781665440370},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Magn. Rec. Conf., TMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu20211029,
author={Hu, X.-H. and Xiong, S.-S.},
title={Advanced lithography: Directed self-assembly},
journal={Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry},
year={2021},
volume={38},
number={9},
pages={1029-1078},
doi={10.19894/j.issn.1000.0518.210278},
art_number={1000-0518(2021)09-1029-50},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116546807&doi=10.19894%2fj.issn.1000.0518.210278&partnerID=40&md5=5211f35f0969125d0ca2f8ea5a07ed53},
affiliation={School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China},
abstract={Directed self-assembly (DSA) emerges as one of the most promising novel patterning techniques and has been listed as a candidate for the next generation of lithography by the international roadmap for devices and systems (IRDS). DSA is capable of breaking through the diffraction limit of conventional photolithography, producing high-resolution patterning. Due to the significant advantages such as high throughput and low cost, DSA has become a research hotspot in the semiconductor industry. Combined with other lithographies such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography, ultraviolet lithography, and nanoimprint lithography (NIL), DSA can improve the resolution of the patterning as well as the density of the device. DSA has been employed to fabricate a series of nanoscale devices such as fin field-effect transistor (FinFET), bit patterned media (BPM), and memory, offering varied configurations for high-density integration and cost-efficient manufacturing. This review systematically illustrates the principle, materials, processing, and application of DSA, and further discovers the opportunities and challenges as well in the process of industrialization. © 2021, Science in China Press. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Advanced lithography;  Block copolymer;  Directed self-assembly},
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correspondence_address1={Xiong, S.-S.; School of Information Science and Technology, China; email: sxiong@fudan.edu.cn},
publisher={Science Press (China)},
issn={10000518},
language={Chinese},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. J. Appl. Chem.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Iwata2021118,
author={Iwata, S. and Kato, T. and Oshima, D.},
title={Crystal structure and magnetic and magneto-optical properties of copt, mnpt3, crpt3, mnal and mnga films with ordered phase and their bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan},
year={2021},
volume={45},
number={5},
pages={118-124},
doi={10.3379/msjmag.2109RV001},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114202365&doi=10.3379%2fmsjmag.2109RV001&partnerID=40&md5=901e4173fcf5f5abf92da64f7d23a58a},
affiliation={Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Yotsuyadori 1-13, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0819, Japan; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya Univ, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={This paper reviews the crystal structure and magnetic and magneto-optical properties of CoPt, MnPt3, CrPt3, MnAl and MnGa films with an ordered phase as well as dot patterns fabricated on these films. CoPt film grown on a MgO (111) substrate at 300˚C had an L11 phase and exhibited a large perpendicular anisotropy. CrPt3 films, which had a (111) orientation and L12 phase, showed a large perpendicular anisotropy due to the magneto-elastic effect. By utilizing the change from L12 to a disordered phase caused by low-dose Kr+ ion irradiation, dot patterns were prepared on CrPt3 film with a flat surface. It was found that a CoGa buffer layer was effective at growing thinner L10 MnAl and MnGa films on a MgO (001) substrate while keeping a (001) orientation. In the case of fabricating MnGa on SiO2/Si substrates, a buffer layer of CoGa/Cr/MgO/Cr/NiTa was necessary to grow L10 MnGa with a (001) orientation. © 2021, Magnetics Society of Japan. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Ion irradiation;  Magneto-elastic effect;  Magneto-optical effect;  Ordered alloy film;  Perpendicular anisotropy},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Binary alloys;  Buffer layers;  Crystal structure;  Ion bombardment;  Magnesia;  Optical properties;  Oxide minerals;  Silica;  Silicon;  Substrates;  Tantalum alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Disordered phase;  Dot patterns;  Flat surfaces;  Magnetic and magneto-optical properties;  Magnetoelastic effects;  Ordered phase;  Perpendicular anisotropy, Silicon alloys},
references={Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A. D., Suna, A., (1985) Appl.Phys.Lett, 47, p. 178; Carcia, R.F., (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 63, p. 5066; Nakamura, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Uchiyama, S., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn, 25, p. 3758; Weller, D., Brandle, H., Gorman, G., Lin, C.-J., Notarys, H., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett, 61, p. 2726; Visokay, M.R., Sinclair, R., (1995) Appl.Phys.Lett, 66, p. 1692; Lairson, B. M., Visokay, M. R., Marinero, E. E., Sinclair, R., Clemens, B. M., (1993) J. Appl. Phys, 74, p. 1922; Iwata, S., Yamashita, S., Tsunashima, S., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, p. 3670; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamashita, S., Takewaka, H., Kogiso, T., Tsunashima, S., (1999) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 23, p. 47; Iwata, S., Yamashita, S., Tsunashima, S., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 198-199, p. 381; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H-S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 86, p. 3149; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 272-276, p. 778; Kato, T., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105, pp. 07C117-1; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 106, pp. 053908-1; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 324, p. 1617; Kurt, H., Rode, K., Venkatesan, M., Stamenov, P., Coey, J. M. D., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 83, p. 020405; Balke, B., Fecher, G. H., Winterlik, J., Felser, C., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 90, p. 152504; Mizukami, S., Wu, F., Sakuma, A., Walowski, J., Watanabe, D., Kubota, T., Zhang, X., Miyazaki, T., (2011) Phy. Rev. Lett, 16, p. 117201; Nie, S. H., Zhu, L. J., Lu, J., Pan, D., Wang, H. L., Yu, X. Z., Xiao, J. X., Zhao, J. H., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett, 102, p. 152405; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, p. 3608; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Iwata, S., (2019) Crystals, 9, pp. 27-1; McCurrie, R.A., Gaunt, P., (1964) International Conference on Magnetism, p. 780. , Nottingham, England; Sato, H., Shimatsu, T., Okazaki, Y., Muraoka, H., aoi, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2008) J. Appl. Phys, 103, p. 07E114; van Engen, P. G., Buschow, K. H. J., Jongebreur, R., Erman, M., (1983) Appl. Phys. Lett, 42, p. 202; Cebollada, A., Weller, D., Sticht, J., Harp, G. R., Farrow, R. F. C., Marks, R. F., Savoy, R., Scott, J. C., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 3419; Di, G. Q., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Uchiyama, S., (1992) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 104, p. 1023; Kato, T., Kikuzawa, H., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Uchiyama, S., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 140-144, p. 713; Iwata, S., Kato, T., Kokuryu, M., Tsunashima, S., (1996) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 20-S1, p. 427; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Kokuryu, M., Tsunashima, S., (1998) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 22, p. 85; Kato, T., Sugihara, K., Kobayashi, A., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 2414; Hellwig, O., Weller, D., Kellock, A. J., Baglin, J. E. E., Fullerton, E. E., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett, 79, p. 1151; Mizukami, S., Kubota, T., Wu, F., Zhang, X., Miyazaki, T., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014416; Hosoda, M., Oogane, M., Kubota, M., Kubota, T., Saruyama, H., Iihama, S., Naganuma, H., Ando, Y., (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111, p. 07A324; Oshima, D., Tanimoto, M., Kato, T., Fujiwara, Y., Nakamura, T., Kotani, Y., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, pp. 3203407-1; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2020) AIP Adv, 10, pp. 025012-1; Suzuki, K. Z., Ranjbar, R., Sugihara, A., Miyazaki, T., Mizukami, S., (2016) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 55, p. 010305; Suzuki, K. Z., Ranjbar, R., Okabayashi, J., Miura, Y., Sugihara, A., Tsuchiura, H., Mizukami, S., (2016) Sci. Rep, 6, p. 30249; Wang, J., Takahashi, Y. K., Yakushiji, K., Sepehri-Amin, H., Kubota, H., Hono, K., (2016) Proc. 61st Annu. Conf. Magn. Magn. Mater, , HH-07; Ishikawa, T., Miwa, Y., Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, p. 3200104; Miwa, Y., Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2020) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 44, p. 117},
correspondence_address1={Iwata, S.; Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Yotsuyadori 1-13, Chikusa-ku, Japan; email: fujitsuka_iwata@yahoo.co.jp},
publisher={Magnetics Society of Japan},
issn={02850192},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Magnetics Soc. Japan},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang202132,
author={Wang, Z. and Zheng, Y. and He, W. and Ma, X. and Wu, P.},
title={Vortex domain wall structures and exchange coupled magnetization switching in bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetics},
year={2021},
volume={26},
number={1},
pages={32-40},
doi={10.4283/JMAG.2021.26.1.032},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111975118&doi=10.4283%2fJMAG.2021.26.1.032&partnerID=40&md5=2b1e3ee3b054e2f4fbe2c54827ffb1fa},
affiliation={China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, Beijing, 102413, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Flexible Manufacturing Equipment Integration of Fujian Province, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China; Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China},
abstract={After twenty years study of the exchange spring effect, this effect has shown strong potential in application on the perpendicular record process. It satisfies all the necessary properties required by the perpendicular record process. The exchange coupled patterned media also provide a new way to further increase the data storage in the future. Although studies involve many aspects of the exchange spring effect are taken by experiments and theoretical simulations, a systematic study on a magnetic island perpendicular switching for patterned media is not present. We studied the in-plane and out-of-plane switching process with domain wall movement coupling with the finite boundary condition. Many details like magnetic domain wall, coercive field, remanent magnetization and hysteresis loops are discussed to enhance the magnetic device design. An in-plane vortex domain wall was reported in the simulation and the magnetic loops can be artificially designed. ©The Korean Magnetics Society. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Exchange coupling;  Magnetic vortex;  Micromagnetic simulation},
funding_details={IMT2019001, IPE20190802},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 11174030, 11275274, 12075320},
funding_details={Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an Jiaotong University, XJTU},
funding_details={National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2017YFA0403704},
funding_text 1={Wu gratefully acknowledge the support of outstanding young research talents program (2016) in colleges and universities of Fujian province, the Cultivating Research Program of Xiamen Institute of Technology 2018, and the Joint Research Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xiamen Institute of Technology with contract No. IPE20190802 (Grant No. IMT2019001). We also would like to thank Dr. Jingxian Zhang and Dr. Long-Qing Chen at Pennsylvania State University for the use of the Micro-magnetic Programming code.},
funding_text 2={This work was supported by National Key Research and Develop Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0403704) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12075320, 11275274 and 11174030), The author P.},
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Lett, 79, p. 3992; Martin, K. N., Wang, K., Bowden, G. J., Zhukov, A. A., de Groot, P. A. J., Zimmermann, J. P., Fangohr, H., Ward, R. C. C., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 89, p. 132511; Wang, D., Buckingham, A. R., Bowden, G. J., Ward, R. C. C., de Groot, P. A. J., (2012) Proceedings-36th Annual Condensed Matter and Materials Meeting, , WaggaWagga, NSW, Australia, 31 Jan.-3 Feb; Stenning, G. B. G., Buckingham, A. R., Bowden, G. J., Ward, R. C. C., van der Laan, G., Shelford, L. R., Mac-cherozzi, F., de Groot, P. A. J., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 104428},
correspondence_address1={Wu, P.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China; email: pingpingwu-ustb@126.com},
publisher={Seoul National University 501-321},
issn={12261750},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Magn.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kong20211075,
author={Kong, L. and Liu, H. and Tian, J. and Zhang, S. and Zhao, S. and Fang, Y.},
title={Mutual information approximation based polar code design for 4 Tb/in2 2D-ISI channels},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences},
year={2021},
volume={104},
number={8},
pages={1075-1079},
doi={10.1587/transfun.2020EAL2115},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111798505&doi=10.1587%2ftransfun.2020EAL2115&partnerID=40&md5=fda92cdf4d0d8d9b70188e86582df97d},
affiliation={The Faculty of Network and Telecommunication Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211169, China; The College of Telecom. and Inform. Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecom., Nanjing, 210003, China; The Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; The School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China},
abstract={In this letter, a method for the construction of polar codes based on the mutual information approximation (MIA) is proposed for the 4 Tb/in2 two-dimensional inter-symbol interference (2D-ISI) channels, such as the bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) and two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR). The basic idea is to exploit the MIA between the input and output of a 2D detector to establish a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) distribution model based on the MIA results, which compensates the gap caused by the 2D ISI channel. Consequently, the polar codes obtained by the optimization techniques previously developed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels can also have satisfactory performances over 2D-ISI channels. Simulated results show that the proposed polar codes can outperform the polar codes constructed by the traditional methods over 4 Tb/in2 2D-ISI channels. Copyright © 2021 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Polar code;  Two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR)},
keywords={Gaussian noise (electronic);  Magnetic recording;  Turbo codes;  White noise, Additive white Gaussian noise channel;  Distribution models;  Input and outputs;  Log likelihood ratios (LLR);  Mutual informations;  Optimization techniques;  Simulated results;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={2020Z198},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61871234, 61871376},
funding_details={China Postdoctoral Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation, 2020M671595},
funding_details={Southeast UniversitySoutheast University, SEU, 2020D18},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received November 25, 2020. Manuscript revised February 1, 2021. Manuscript publicized February 16, 2021. †The authors are with the Faculty of Network and Telecommunication Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China. ††The authors are with the College of Telecom. & Inform. Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecom., Nanjing 210003, China. †††The author is with the Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. ††††The author is with the School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ∗This work is supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2020M671595), Post-doctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2020Z198), NSFC (Grant No. 61871376, 61871234), the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (Grant No. 2020D18). a) E-mail: kong@jit.edu.cn b) E-mail: liuhaiyang@ime.ac.cn (Corresponding author) c) E-mail: jim.tian@jit.edu.cn d) E-mail: swzhang@njupt.edu.cn e) E-mail: zhaosm@njupt.edu.cn f) E-mail: fangyi@gdut.edu.cn DOI: 10.1587/transfun.2020EAL2115},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (7), p. 3001507. , Article July; Saito, H., Concatenated coding schemes for high areal density bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54 (2), p. 3100210. , Article Feb; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , March; Kurkoski, B.M., Towards efficient detection of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2008) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E91-A (10), pp. 2696-2703. , Oct; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) IEEE Signal Process. Lett, 14 (7), pp. 433-436. , July; Yao, J., Teh, K.C., Li, K.H., Joint iterative detection/decoding scheme for discrete two-dimensional interference channels (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun, 60 (12), pp. 3548-3555. , Dec; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2D intersymbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , June; Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Kanai, Y., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator using neural network in SMR system (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55 (7), p. 3100604. , Article July; Luo, K., Wang, S., Chan, K.S., Chen, W., Chen, J., Lu, P., Cheng, W., A study on block-based neural network equalization in TDMR system with LDPC coding (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55 (11), p. 6700605. , Article Nov; Mehrnoush, M., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Wood, R., EXIT chart-based IRA code design for TDMR turbo-equalization system (2017) IEEE Trans. Commun, 65 (4), pp. 1762-1774. , April; Hareedy, A., Amiri, B., Galbraith, R., Dolecek, L., Non-binary LDPC codes for magnetic recording channels: Error floor analysis and optimized code design (2016) IEEE Trans. Commun, 64 (8), pp. 3194-3207. , Aug; Kong, L., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J., Han, G., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXIT-chart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISI channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , June; Kong, L., Cai, K., Chen, P., Bing, F., Detector-aware LDPC code optimization for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (11), p. 2500504. , Article Nov; Arikan, E., Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , July; Balatsoukas-Stimming, A., Parizi, M.B., Burg, A., LLR-based successive cancellation list decoding of polar codes (2015) IEEE Trans. Signal Process, 63 (19), pp. 5165-5179. , Oct; Fayyaz, U.U., Barry, J.R., Polar code design for intersymbol interference channels (2014) Proc. IEEE Global Communications Conference, pp. 2357-2362. , Dec; Bhatia, A., Taranalli, V., Siegel, P.H., Dahandeh, S., Krishnan, A.R., Lee, P., Qin, D., Yeo, T., Polar codes for magnetic recording channels (2015) Proc. IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), pp. 1-5. , April; Saito, H., Polar channel coding schemes for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (11), p. 3101907. , Article Nov; Kong, L., Liu, H., Zhao, S., Protograph QC-LDPC and rate-adaptive polar codes design for MLC NAND flash memories (2019) IEEE Access, 7, pp. 37131-37140. , Y, and, March; Kong, L., Bian, J., Zhang, S., Zhao, S., Fang, Y., Polar code design for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels (2018) Proc. Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC), pp. 1-2. , Nov; Tal, I., Vardy, A., How to construct polar codes (2013) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 59 (10), pp. 6562-6582. , Oct; Tal, I., Vardy, A., List decoding of polar codes (2015) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 61 (5), pp. 2213-2226. , May},
correspondence_address1={Liu, H.; The Institute of Microelectronics, China; email: liuhaiyang@ime.ac.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electronics Information Communication Engineers},
issn={09168508},
coden={IFESE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Fund Electron Commun Comput Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rueangnetr2021,
author={Rueangnetr, N. and Myint, L.M. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Soft-information flipper based on long-short term memory networks for ultra-high density magnetic recording},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2021},
volume={11},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/9.0000008},
art_number={015307},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099264921&doi=10.1063%2f9.0000008&partnerID=40&md5=55c4c6e13b25fbe26e5e9a81154ea5d3},
affiliation={Advanced Signal Processing for Data Storage (ADaS) Research Unit, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Currently, researchers have been developing new ultra-high density magnetic recording technologies to meet the exponential growth of data storage demand. One of the main prospective technologies is bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) technology which is expected to upgrade the areal density (AD) up to 4.0 Terabit per square inch (Tb/in2). To achieve the expected high AD, the distance between each magnetic island in BPMR medium must; however, be reduced significantly, and it will enhance the two-dimensional (2-D) interference, namely inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI). These two effects need to be probably handled to maintain overall system performance. Therefore, we propose a soft-information flipper based on long-short term memory (LSTM) networks combined with the rate-5/6 2-D modulation code in the coded three-track/three-head BPMR systems. In the proposed system, three soft-information sequences produced by the multiple 2-D soft-output Viterbi algorithms are employed as LSTM network inputs to generate the coded data sequences. During the supervised learning process, the known values of the coded data sequences are used as the targets at the output stage of LSTM network. The simulation results indicate that, at the same user density of 2.5 Tb/in2, the proposed system can provide bit-error-rate performance over both the soft-information flipping scheme based on a priori log-likelihood ratios summation and conventional uncoded systems. Moreover, the results also reveal that the proposed system is more robust to the media noise compared to other systems. © 2021 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Brain;  Decoding;  Digital storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Turbo codes, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Exponential growth;  Inter-track interferences;  Log likelihood ratio;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Ultrahigh density, Long short-term memory},
funding_details={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangCollege of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, AMI, KMITL},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Doctoral Scholarships (KDS), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2and beyond (2006) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131; Rottmayer, R.E., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems - The potential and the problems (2002) 2002 Ieee International Magnetics Conference, GA6. , https://doi.org/10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1001400, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (IEEE); Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation (Dept. Elect. Eng., CMU, Pittsburgh, PA, USA); Karakulak, S., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) Ieice Trans. Electron., E98.C, pp. 528-533; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 17A904; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) Ieee Trans. Magn., 53 (3); Warisarn, C., Busyatras, W., Myint, L.M.M., Soft-information flipping approach in multi-head multi-track BPMR systems (2018) Aip Advances, 8; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Soft-information flipping scheme based on a priori LLRs summation for ultra-high density magnetic recording (2020) Aip Advances, 10; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improvement in bit error rate with a combination of a rate-3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array-reader-based magnetic recording (2019) Ieee Magn. Letters, 10; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A novel ITI suppression technique for coded dual-track dual-head bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2020) Ieee Access, 8; Nishikawa, M., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator using neural network in SMR system (2019) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 55 (7); Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Kanai, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Improvement of iterative decoding with LLR modulator by neural network using magnetic transition information in SMR system (2020) Ieee Trans. On Magnetics; Lecun, Y., Bengio, Y., (1995) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, , MIT Press; Hochreither, S., Schmidhuber, J., (1997), 9, pp. 1735-1780; Chantakit, T., Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Long-short term memory-based application on adaptive cross-platform decoder for bit patterned magnetic recording (2020) Ieee Access, 8; Shen, J., Deep neural network a posteriori probability detector for two dimensional magnetic recording (2020) Ieee Trans. Magn., 56 (6), pp. 1-12},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; Advanced Signal Processing for Data Storage (ADaS) Research Unit, Thailand; email: chanon.dslkwa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sokjabok2021,
author={Sokjabok, S. and Mattayakan, M. and Buajong, C. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Constrained codes in single-reader/two-track reading bit-patterned magnetic recording},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2021},
volume={11},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/9.0000062},
art_number={015009},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099213398&doi=10.1063%2f9.0000062&partnerID=40&md5=f777b717f09b60aec98a3dcd793d5dd4},
affiliation={Advanced Signal Processing for Data Storage (ADaS) Research Unit, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Advanced Signal Processing for Disruptive Innovation Research, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={A reduction in track width of ultra-high density magnetic recording such as bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) results in an increase in areal density. However, the unfortunate appearance of extreme inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI) can severely deteriorate the system performance. To deal with these problems, we propose to use a single-reader/two-track reading (SRTR) technique, where a single reader was employed to read two parallel-track at once and the bit islands were arranged in a staggered manner. Then, a received readback signal was sampled at an over-sampling rate, where an obtained data sequence can be operated using only a one-dimensional equalization and detection scheme. Moreover, we also present the simple constrained coding schemes consisting of the rate-3/5 and -4/6 constrained codes, where both are properly designed for an SRTR BPMR system by avoiding all data patterns that are more susceptible to ISI and ITI effects. Simulation results show that the severe ISI and ITI effects can be mitigated through the use of our proposed coding schemes. Consequently, the proposed systems are superior to the conventional system (without our constrained codes) at a same user density of 3.0 Tb/in2. © 2021 Author(s).},
keywords={Intersymbol interference, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Constrained codes;  Constrained coding;  Conventional systems;  Detection scheme;  Inter-track interferences;  Over-sampling rates;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangCollege of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, AMI, KMITL},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand.},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) Ieee Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2142-2144; Shiroishi, Y., Future Options for HDD storage (2009) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2and beyond (2006) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) Ieee Trans. Magn., 51; Nutter, P.W., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) Ieee Trans. Magn., 50; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 53 (3); Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) Ieee Magn. Lett., 10; Warisarn, C., Mitigating the effects of track mis-registration in single-reader/two-track reading BPMR systems (2019) Ieee Trans. On Magn., 55 (7); Busyatras, W., A simple 2D modulation code in single-reader two-track reading BPMR systems (2019) Digital Communications and Networks, , in press; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) Ire Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector (1995) Ieee Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088; Immink, S.K., A rate 4/6 (d = 1, k = 11) block-decodable runlength-limited code (1996) Ieee Trans. Inform. Theory, 42, pp. 1551-1553; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Multitrack reading scheme with single reader in BPMR systems 5th Ieee IEECON, , Pattaya, Thailand, 8-10 March 2017},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; Advanced Signal Processing for Data Storage (ADaS) Research Unit, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong20201,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative signal detection scheme using multilayer perceptron for a bit-patterned media recording system},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2020},
volume={10},
number={24},
pages={1-7},
doi={10.3390/app10248819},
art_number={8819},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106770510&doi=10.3390%2fapp10248819&partnerID=40&md5=35088b64d20f774d5e7ed350e49b470f},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Because of the physical and engineering problems of conventional magnetic data storage systems, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is expected to be a promising technology for extending the storage density to beyond 1 Tb /in2. To increase the storage density in BPMR systems, the separation between islands in both down-and cross-track directions must be reduced; this reduction results in two-dimensional interference from neighboring symbols in those directions, which is a major performance degradation factor in BPMR. Herein, we propose an iterative signal detection scheme between a Viterbi detector and a multilayer perceptron to improve the performance of a BPMR system. In the proposed signal detection scheme, we use the modified output of a multilayer perceptron as a priori information to improve equalization and extrinsic information to decrease the effect of intertrack interference. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Iterative decoding;  Multilayer perceptron;  Signal detection},
funding_details={Ministry of Trade, Industry and EnergyMinistry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOTIE, 20184010201690},
funding_details={Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and PlanningKorea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, KETEP},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by “Human Resources Program in Energy Technology” of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea. (no. 20184010201690).},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Erden, M.F., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2255-2260. , [CrossRef]; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995. , [CrossRef]; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 3789-3792. , [CrossRef]; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3535-3538; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two-dimensional bit-patterned media recording channel including track mis-registration (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5738. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative LDPC–LDPC product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 3100704. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code for reducing intertrack interference on staggered bit-patterned media recording (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5295. , [CrossRef]; Nair, S.K., Moon, J., Data storage channel equalization using neural networks (1995) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw, 8, p. 1037. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, p. 3100704. , [CrossRef]; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett, 11, p. 6502705. , [CrossRef]; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3523-3526. , [CrossRef]; Chollet, F., (2018) Deep Learning with Python, pp. 61-62. , 1st ed.; Manning Publications: Shelter Island, NY, USA; Kingma, D.P., Ba, J., Adam: A method for stochastic optimization (2015) Proceedings of the International Conference Learn. Represent. (ICLR), , San Diego, CA, USA, 5–8 May; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31, pp. 1083-1088. , [CrossRef]; Kovintavewat, P., Ozgunes, I., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., McLaughlin, S.W., Generalized partial-response targets for perpendicular recording with jitter noise (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, pp. 2340-2342. , [CrossRef]},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gräfe2020,
author={Gräfe, J. and Skripnik, M. and Dieterle, G. and Haering, F. and Weigand, M. and Bykova, I. and Träger, N. and Stoll, H. and Tyliszczak, T. and Vine, D. and Ziemann, P. and Wiedwald, U. and Shapiro, D. and Nowak, U. and Schütz, G. and Goering, E.J.},
title={Ptychographic imaging and micromagnetic modeling of thermal melting of nanoscale magnetic domains in antidot lattices},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2020},
volume={10},
number={12},
doi={10.1063/5.0025784},
art_number={125122},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099234778&doi=10.1063%2f5.0025784&partnerID=40&md5=04d0b5b9b34b1b2102646e6bb3fb8e81},
affiliation={Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany; Department of Physics, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany; Okinawa Institute of Science Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan; Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany; Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55122, Germany; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States; Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47057, Germany},
abstract={Antidot lattices are potential candidates to act as bit patterned media for data storage as they are able to trap nanoscale magnetic domains between two adjacent holes. Here, we demonstrate the combination of micromagnetic modeling and x-ray microscopy. Detailed simulation of these systems can only be achieved by micromagnetic modeling that takes thermal effects into account. For this purpose, a Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch approach is used here. The calculated melting of magnetic domains within the antidot lattice is reproduced experimentally by x-ray microscopy. Furthermore, we compare conventional scanning transmission x-ray microscopy with resolution enhanced ptychography. Hence, we achieve a resolution of 13 nm. The results demonstrate that ptychographic imaging can also recover magnetic contrast in the presence of a strong topological variation and is generally applicable toward magnetic samples requiring ultimate resolution. © 2020 Author(s).},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic storage;  Melting;  X ray microscopes;  X rays, Antidot lattice;  Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic contrast;  Magnetic samples;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Scanning transmission x ray microscopy;  Topological variations;  X ray microscopy, Nanomagnetics},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Michael Bechtel for support during beam times and Bernd Ludescher for thin film deposition. Furthermore, we are grateful to Ulrike Eigenthaler for performing SEM measurements. Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin is acknowledged for allocating beam time at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation facility. Financial support by the Baden–Württemberg Stiftung in the framework of the Kompetenznetz Funktionelle Nanostrukturen is gratefully acknowledged. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.},
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Synchrotron Radiat., 21, p. 1011; Thibault, P., Dierolf, M., Bunk, O., Menzel, A., Pfeiffer, F., (2009) Ultramicroscopy, 109, p. 338; Donatelli, J., Haranczyk, M., Hexemer, A., Krishnan, H., Li, X., Lin, L., Maia, F., Sethian, J.A., (2015) Synchrotron Radiat. News, 28, p. 4; Marchesini, S., Krishnan, H., Daurer, B.J., Shapiro, D.A., Perciano, T., Sethian, J.A., Maia, F.R.N.C., (2016) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 49, p. 1245; Shi, X., Fischer, P., Neu, V., Elefant, D., Lee, J.C.T., Shapiro, D.A., Farmand, M., Kevan, S.D., (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108; Donnelly, C., Scagnoli, V., Guizar-Sicairos, M., Holler, M., Wilhelm, F., Guillou, F., Rogalev, A., Heyderman, L.J., (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 94; Tripathy, D., Adeyeye, A.O., (2011) New J. 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Sci., 605, p. 1754; Nolle, D., Weigand, M., Audehm, P., Goering, E., Wiesemann, U., Wolter, C., Nolle, E., Schütz, G., (2012) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 83; Rasband, W., (1997) Imagej; Thevenaz, P., Ruttimann, U.E., Unser, M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Image Process., 7, p. 27; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77; Skripnik, M., (2014) Controlling the Magnetic Structure in Antidot Arrays: A Numerical Study, , M. Sc. thesis, University of Konstanz; Zablotskii, V.A., Mamalui, Y.A., (1995) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 7, p. 5271; Nieuwenhuizen, R.P.J., Lidke, K.A., Bates, M., Puig, D.L., Grünwald, D., Stallinga, S., Rieger, B., (2013) Nat. Methods, 10, p. 557; Banterle, N., Bui, K.H., Lemke, E.A., Beck, M., (2013) J. Struct. Biol., 183, p. 363; Blume, M., (1985) J. Appl. Phys., 57, p. 3615; Bykova, I., (2018) High-resolution X-ray Ptychography for Magnetic Imaging, , Ph.D. thesis, Universität Stuttgart},
correspondence_address1={Gräfe, J.; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsGermany; email: graefe@is.mpg.de},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2020,
author={Lee, H. and Wiegand, D.J. and Griswold, K. and Punthambaker, S. and Chun, H. and Kohman, R.E. and Church, G.M.},
title={Photon-directed multiplexed enzymatic DNA synthesis for molecular digital data storage},
journal={Nature Communications},
year={2020},
volume={11},
number={1},
doi={10.1038/s41467-020-18681-5},
art_number={5246},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092609646&doi=10.1038%2fs41467-020-18681-5&partnerID=40&md5=4b71a02c3ceddbe93f094d18c6bade11},
affiliation={Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA  02115, United States; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA  02115, United States; MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA  02139, United States; Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA  02139, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 466 Hana Science Hall, 145 Anamro, Seongbukgu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea},
abstract={New storage technologies are needed to keep up with the global demands of data generation. DNA is an ideal storage medium due to its stability, information density and ease-of-readout with advanced sequencing techniques. However, progress in writing DNA is stifled by the continued reliance on chemical synthesis methods. The enzymatic synthesis of DNA is a promising alternative, but thus far has not been well demonstrated in a parallelized manner. Here, we report a multiplexed enzymatic DNA synthesis method using maskless photolithography. Rapid uncaging of Co2+ ions by patterned UV light activates Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) for spatially-selective synthesis on an array surface. Spontaneous quenching of reactions by the diffusion of excess caging molecules confines synthesis to light patterns and controls the extension length. We show that our multiplexed synthesis method can be used to store digital data by encoding 12 unique DNA oligonucleotide sequences with video game music, which is equivalent to 84 trits or 110 bits of data. © 2020, The Author(s).},
keywords={cobalt;  DNA;  DNA nucleotidylexotransferase;  DNA;  oligonucleotide, biochemical composition;  biotechnology;  digital mapping;  enzyme activity;  information management;  molecular analysis, Article;  controlled study;  diffusion;  DNA synthesis;  enzyme synthesis;  information storage;  length;  music;  nucleotide sequence;  photon;  ultraviolet radiation;  video game;  chemistry;  DNA microarray;  information retrieval;  synthesis, DNA;  DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase;  Information Storage and Retrieval;  Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis;  Oligonucleotides;  Ultraviolet Rays},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; DNA, 9007-49-2; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, 9027-67-2; DNA; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Oligonucleotides},
funding_details={Hertz FoundationHertz Foundation},
funding_details={Charles Stark Draper LaboratoryCharles Stark Draper Laboratory},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr. Henry Lee for useful discussions regarding digital data storage, enzyme kinetics, and next-generation sequencing. The authors like to additionally thank Mr. Benjamin Vieira for the helpful discussion of musical nomenclature. K.G. is supported under Graduate Fellowships from the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation and the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. This work was funded by the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts.},
references={Church, G.M., Gao, Y., Kosuri, S., Next-generation digital information storage in DNA (2012) Science, 337, p. 1628. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhtl2ntrrL; Goldman, N., Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA (2013) Nature, 494, pp. 77-80. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsVygsLg%3D; Ceze, L., Nivala, J., Strauss, K., Molecular digital data storage using DNA (2019) Nat. Rev. Genet., 20, pp. 456-466. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXptFeqsrs%3D; Koch, J., A DNA-of-things storage architecture to create materials with embedded memory (2019) Nat. Biotechnol., 38, pp. 39-43; Anavy, L., Vaknin, I., Atar, O., Amit, R., Yakhini, Z., Data storage in DNA with fewer synthesis cycles using composite DNA letters (2019) Nat. Biotechnol., , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0240-x; Organick, L., Probing the physical limits of reliable DNA data retrieval (2020) Nat. Commun., 11. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFansrs%3D, PID: 32001691; Erlich, Y., Zielinski, D., DNA Fountain enables a robust and efficient storage architecture (2017) Science, 355, pp. 950-954. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXjsVCgsrc%3D, PID: 28254941; Grass, R.N., Heckel, R., Puddu, M., Paunescu, D., Stark, W.J., Robust chemical preservation of digital information on DNA in silica with error-correcting codes (2015) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54, pp. 2552-2555. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXis1Snsr8%3D; Kosuri, S., Church, G.M., Large-scale de novo DNA synthesis: technologies and applications (2014) Nat. Methods, 11, pp. 499-507. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXntVSnu7s%3D, PID: 24781323; LeProust, E.M., Synthesis of high-quality libraries of long (150mer) oligonucleotides by a novel depurination controlled process (2010) Nucleic Acids Res., 38, pp. 2522-2540. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlsFGntbg%3D, PID: 20308161; Palluk, S., De novo DNA synthesis using polymerase-nucleotide conjugates (2018) Nat. Biotechnol., 36, pp. 645-650. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtFGjs7%2FI, PID: 29912208; Barthel, S., Palluk, S., Hillson, N.J., Keasling, J.D., Arlow, D.H., Enhancing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity on substrates with 3′ terminal structures for enzymatic de novo DNA synthesis (2020) Genes, 11, p. 102; Lee, H.H., Kalhor, R., Goela, N., Bolot, J., Church, G.M., Terminator-free template-independent enzymatic DNA synthesis for digital information storage (2019) Nat. Commun., 10. , PID: 31160595; Moon, A.F., The X family portrait: structural insights into biological functions of X family polymerases (2007) DNA Repair, 6, pp. 1709-1725. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht12gu73P, PID: 17631059; Motea, E.A., Berdis, A.J., Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: the story of a misguided DNA polymerase (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1804, pp. 1151-1166. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvFymsrs%3D, PID: 19596089; Chang, L.M.S., Bollum, F.J., Gallo, R.C., Molecular biology of terminal transferas (1986) Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 21, pp. 27-52. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xlt1ygtb0%3D; Adams, S.R., Tsien, R.Y., Controlling cell chemistry with caged compounds (1993) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 55, pp. 755-784. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkvFSgs78%3D, PID: 8466191; Ellis-Davies, G.C.R., Caged compounds: photorelease technology for control of cellular chemistry and physiology (2007) Nat. Methods, 4, pp. 619-628. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXot12mt70%3D, PID: 17664946; Ji, G., Feldman, M., Doran, R., Zipfel, W., Kotlikoff, M.I., Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release through localized Ca2+ uncaging in smooth muscle (2006) J. Gen. Physiol., 127, pp. 225-235. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XivVGisrw%3D, PID: 16505145; Jensen, M.A., Davis, R.W., Template-independent enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis (TiEOS): its history, prospects, and challenges (2018) Biochemistry, 57, pp. 1821-1832. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXktlKhsr8%3D, PID: 29533604; Namasivayam, V., Larson, R.G., Burke, D.T., Burns, M.A., Light-induced molecular cutting: localized reaction on a single DNA molecule (2003) Anal. Chem., 75, pp. 4188-4194. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsVWltr4%3D, PID: 14632134; Bosco, A., Camunas-Soler, J., Ritort, F., Elastic properties and secondary structure formation of single-stranded DNA at monovalent and divalent salt conditions (2014) Nucleic Acids Res., 42, pp. 2064-2074. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXisFKku7s%3D, PID: 24225314; Shishmarev, D., Intramolecular binding mode of the C-terminus of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2014) Nucleic Acids Res., 42, pp. 2750-2757. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjtlOru7k%3D, PID: 24288378; Chua, P.S.J., Evolving a thermostable terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (2020) ACS Synth. Biol., , https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.0c00078; Rosen, S., Howell, P., (2011) Signals and Systems for Speech and Hearing, , BRILL},
correspondence_address1={Kohman, R.E.; Department of Genetics, United States; email: richie.kohman@wyss.harvard.edu; Church, G.M.; Department of Genetics, United States; email: gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu},
publisher={Nature Research},
issn={20411723},
pubmed_id={33067441},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Commun.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pierrot2020,
author={Pierrot, A. and Béron, F. and Blon, T.},
title={FORC signatures and switching-field distributions of dipolar coupled nanowire-based hysterons},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2020},
volume={128},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/5.0020407},
art_number={093903},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091557653&doi=10.1063%2f5.0020407&partnerID=40&md5=1471f5e876fae65e040690b345036add},
affiliation={Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Umr 5215 Insa, Cnrs, Ups, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, Cedex 4, F-31077, France; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Rua Sergio Buarque de Holanda 777, Campinas, SP, BR-13083859, Brazil},
abstract={Analysis of first-order reversal curves (FORCs) is a powerful tool to probe irreversible switching events in nanomagnet assemblies. As in essence switching events are related to the intrinsic properties of the constituents and their interactions, the resulting FORC diagrams contain much information that can be cross-linked and complex to deconvolute. In order to quantify the relevant parameters that drive the FORC diagrams of arrays of perpendicularly magnetized nanomagnets, we present step-by-step simulations of assemblies of hysterons to determine the specific signatures related to different known inputs. While we explored the consequences of dipolar interactions using either mean field or magnetostatic approaches, we completed by taking the hysteron switching field distribution (SFD) as either normal or lognormal. We demonstrated that the transition between FORC diagrams composed of an isolated interaction field distribution (IFD) and a wishbone shape operates via the SFD deviation, σ H s w, in the presence of a weakly dispersed interaction field. In the presence of a magnetostatic interaction field, the IFD profile is peaked and a coercive field distribution (CFD) sums to the IFD as σ H s w increases. A transition between IFD + CFD and wishbone shapes is clearly demonstrated as a function of the interaction field deviation σ H i n t. In addition, we demonstrate that whatever the considered cases, σ H s wcan be quantitatively extracted from the FORC diagrams within an error inferior to 10%. These findings are of interest for dipolar coupled perpendicularly magnetized nanomagnets, as in assemblies of magnetic nanowires and nanopillars, as well as bit patterned media. © 2020 Author(s).},
keywords={Graphic methods;  Magnetostatics;  Nanomagnetics;  Nanowires, Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar interaction;  First-order reversal curves;  Interaction field distributions;  Intrinsic property;  Magnetic nanowires;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Switching field distribution, Switching},
funding_details={Agence Nationale de la RechercheAgence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, ANR-14-CE07-0025-01, ANR-17-EURE-0009},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France) under Contract No. ANR-14-CE07-0025-01 (DENSAR) and through the EUR Grant NanoX No. ANR-17-EURE-0009 in the framework of the “Programme des Investissements d’Avenir.”},
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Phys., 111; Tan, H.K., Varghese, B., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 116; Dumas, R.K., Greene, P.K., Gilbert, D.A., Ye, L., Zha, C., Åkerman, J., Liu, K., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90; Abugri, J.B., Visscher, P.B., Gupta, S., Chen, P.J., Shull, R.D., (2018) J. Appl. Phys., 124; Cornejo, D.R., Noce, R.D., Peixoto, T.R.F., Barelli, N., Sumodjo, P.T.A., Benedetti, A.V., (2009) J. Alloys Compd., 479, p. 43; Cao, Y., Xu, K., Jiang, W., Droubay, T., Ramuhalli, P., Edwards, D., Johnson, B.R., McCloy, J., (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 395, p. 361; Papusoi, C., Jain, S., Admana, R., Ozdol, B., Ophus, C., Desai, M., Acharya, R., (2017) J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 50; Navas, D., Soriano, N., Béron, F., Sousa, C.T., Pirota, K.R., Torrejon, J., Redondo, C., Ross, C.A., (2017) Phys. Rev. B, 96; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Denbeaux, G., Kortright, J.B., Liu, K., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Liu, K., (2008) Phys. Rev. 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Phys., 15 (7), p. 819; Vega, V., (2012) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 12 (6), p. 4736; Peixoto, T.R.F., Cornejo, D.R., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (14), p. e279; Béron, F., Clime, L., Ciureanu, M., Ménard, D., Cochrane, R.W., Yelon, A., (2008) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 8 (6), p. 2944; Kouhpanji, M.R.Z., Stadler, B.J.H., (2020) Nano Express, 1; Skomski, R., Liu, J.P., Sellmyer, D.J., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60 (10), p. 7359},
correspondence_address1={Blon, T.; Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, France; email: thomas.blon@insa-toulouse.fr},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2020931,
author={Nguyen, C.D.},
title={Design of 4/6 ITI-mitigating error correction modulation code for ultra-high-density bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={Electronics Letters},
year={2020},
volume={56},
number={18},
pages={931-934},
doi={10.1049/el.2020.1324},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091416820&doi=10.1049%2fel.2020.1324&partnerID=40&md5=a6e8104274fbe2ff199616a7494ef174},
affiliation={Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam; Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), AandA Green Phoenix Group Jsc, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11313, Viet Nam},
abstract={A design of 4/6 intertrack-interference (ITI)-mitigating error correction modulation code for bit-patterned media recording systems is proposed in this Letter. Generally, coding schemes in data storage devices are usually accomplished using a combination of error-correction coding and modulation coding. However, an interesting approach is that the modulation code itself has the capability of correcting errors. Such a modulation code design will reduce the total size and complexity of the data storage devices. In this Letter, the authors design a new 4/6 modulation code, where the code not only mitigates the effect of ITI but also maintains minimum Hamming distance of 2 to build up a trellis structure providing error correction capability of the proposed code. Simulation results show that the proposed design outperforms prior arts. For instance, the performance of the proposed design is better than that of a conventional 4/6 modulation code about 8 dB at a bit error rate of 10-7 under 20% read-head offtrack for the area density of 4 Tb/in2. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020.},
keywords={Error correction;  Hamming distance;  Modulation;  Recording instruments;  Virtual storage, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Data storage devices;  Error correction capability;  Error correction coding;  Inter-track interferences;  Minimum hamming distances;  Modulation coding;  Ultrahigh density, Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentNational Foundation for Science and Technology Development, NAFOSTED, 102.04-2019.307},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgments: This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 102.04-2019.307.},
references={Park, K.-S., Park, Y.-P., Park, N.-C., 'Prospect of recording technologies for higher storage performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 539-545; Coughlin, T.M., (2018) 'Digital storage in consumer electronics: The essential guide', pp. 1-24. , (Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland, 2nd edn); Albrecht, T.R., Arona, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., 'Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, pp. 1-42. , Art.no. 0800342; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 'Twin iterative detection for bit-patterned media recording systems' (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (11), pp. 1-4. , Art 8109304; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., '9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (3), pp. 1-7. , Art 3101207; Nabavi, S., (2008) 'Signal processing for bit-patterned media channel with intertrack interference', , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., '8/10 two-modulation code for holographic data storage systems' (2015) Electron. Lett, 52 (9), pp. 710-712; Nguyen, C.D., Cai, K., Wang, B., 'On efficient concatenation of LDPC codes with constrained codes' (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn, 56 (3), pp. 1-5. , Articl 6701705; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., 'Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage' (2010) Jpn. J. Appl, Phys, 49 (8), p. 08KB04108KB045; Kim, Y., Kong, G., Choi, S., 'Error correcting capable 2/4 modulation code using trellis coded modulation in holographic data storage' (2012) Jpn. J. Appl, Phys, 51. , (8S2), 08JD08-1-08JD08-5; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., 'A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11), pp. 1-4; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., 'Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nanomasks for bit-patterned media' (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 'Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording systems' (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (3), pp. 1-4. , Art 3101304},
correspondence_address1={Nguyen, C.D.; Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Viet Nam; email: chi.nguyendinh@phenikaa-uni.edu.vn},
publisher={Institution of Engineering and Technology},
issn={00135194},
coden={ELLEA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electron. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2020,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Effective generalized partial response target and serial detector for two-dimensional bit-patterned media recording channel including track mis-registration},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2020},
volume={10},
number={17},
doi={10.3390/APP10175738},
art_number={5738},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090397034&doi=10.3390%2fAPP10175738&partnerID=40&md5=11f8f88347aa2e6bc1b10cb56eab2429},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={With the development of 5G technology, programs are gradually moving to cloud services. This leads to an increasing demand for storage. In the field of high-density data storage, bit-pattern media recording (BPMR) is considered a promising approach, as it can expand the data density to 4 Tb/in2. However, in high-density BPMR, bits or magnetic islands are very close to each other, leading to significant intertrack interference (ITI) from the cross-track direction and intersymbol interference (ISI) from the down-track direction. To minimize two-dimensional interference, including ITI and ISI, the serial detector method has been highly effective. However, in this method, the signal at the output of the first decoder is still a hard output. Therefore, we suggest methods to convert the output of the first detector into a soft output. Additionally, we have developed a new form of generalized partial response target to overcome the track mis-registration. The results show that our proposed methods apparently improve bit error rate performance. © 2020 by the authors.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Information storage;  Intersymbol interference;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Soft-output viterbi algorithm},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, NRF-2019R1FA1046899},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2019R1FA1046899).},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future option for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Zhu, J.G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 3899-3908; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10, pp. 1-5; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Improvement in bit error rate with a combination of a rate-3/4 modulation code and intertrack interference subtraction for array-reader-based magnetic recording (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10, pp. 1-5; Kanjanakunchorn, C., Warisarn, C., Soft-decision output encoding/decoding algorithms of a rate-5/6 citi code in bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) systems (2019) In Proceedings of the 34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, pp. 1-4. , Computers and Communications, JeJu, Korea, 23-26 June; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, UK, 24-28 June; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2274-2276; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, pp. 1-10; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 594-597; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit-patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, pp. 1-4; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., One-dimensional serial detection using new two-dimensional partial response target modeling for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11, pp. 1-5; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3214-3216; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Tracking issues in high-density patterned media storage (2005) In Proceedings of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, pp. 1377-1378. , Nagoya, Japan, 4-8 April; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C, pp. 528-533; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3789-3792},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen20202334,
author={Nguyen, C.D., chi.nguyendinh@phenikaa-uni.edu.vn},
title={Design of an advanced soft-output Viterbi algorithm detector for bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={IET Communications},
year={2020},
volume={14},
number={14},
pages={2334-2339},
doi={10.1049/iet-com.2020.0245},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092173029&doi=10.1049%2fiet-com.2020.0245&partnerID=40&md5=7c1b54a162703c51157ff19214a4e7d7},
affiliation={Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam; Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), AandA Green Phoenix Group Jsc, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11313, Viet Nam},
abstract={An advanced soft-output Viterbi algorithm detector aided by extrinsic information resources is proposed for bitpatterned media recording (BPMR) systems. These BPMR systems offer significant advantages over conventional magnetic recording systems. However, the performance system is significantly affected by a two-dimensional interference. The proposed method improves the channel detection output under the assistance of a variety of extrinsic information sources. Especially, combining the proposed model with an adaptive scheme for extrinsic information to enhance system performance is examined. Furthermore, evaluating the worth of extrinsic information in the different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions is also considered in this work. The results show that the SNR gains from the proposed model are about 4 dB compared to conventional solutions at non-misregistration. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020.},
keywords={Recording instruments;  Viterbi algorithm, Adaptive scheme;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Extrinsic information;  Magnetic recording systems;  Performance system;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Signal to noise ratio},
funding_details={National Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentNational Foundation for Science and Technology Development, NAFOSTED, 102.04-2019.307},
funding_text 1={This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant numbers 102.04-2019.307.},
references={Garani, S.S., Dolecek, L., Barry, J., Signal processing and coding techniques for 2-D magnetic recording: An overview (2018) Proc. Ieee, 106, pp. 286-318; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Future options for HDD storage (2009) Ieee Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) Ieee Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) Ieee Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multi-track detection for next generation magnetic recording part I: Weighted sum subtract joint detection with ITI estimation (2017) Ieee Trans. Commun., 65 (4), pp. 1635-1648; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multi-track detection for next generation magnetic recording part II: Complexity reduction - Algorithms and performance analysis (2017) Ieee Trans. Commun., 65 (4), pp. 1649-1661; Fan, B., Siegel, P.H., Thapar, H.K., Generalized weighted sum subtract joint detection for a class of multihead multitrack channels (2019) Ieee Trans. Magn., 55 (2), pp. 1-11. , Art no. 3300111; Myint, L.M.M., Warisarn, C., Supnithi, P., Reduced complexity multi-track joint detector for sidetrack data estimation in high areal density BPMR (2018) Ieee Trans. Magn., 54 (11), pp. 1-5. , Art no. 9401405; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) Ieee Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-4. , Art no. 3100704; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) Ieee Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Channel modelling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) Ieee Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Iterative detection supported by extrinsic information for holographic data storage systems (2015) Iet Electronics Letter, 51 (23), pp. 1857-1859; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) Ieee Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative decoding between two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm and error correcting modulation code for holographic data storage (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50 (9S1), pp. 09MB021-09MB023; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Jeong, J.J., Two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm with dual equalizer for bit-patterned media (2013) Ieee Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2555-2558; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Improving SOVA output using extrinsic informations for bit patterned media recording (2015) Proc. Ieee Icce, pp. 147-148. , Las Vegas, NV, USA; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Twin iterative detection for bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) Ieee Trans. Magn., 53 (11), pp. 1-4; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (8S2), pp. 08KB041-08KB045; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) Ieee Trans. Magn., 53 (3), pp. 1-7; Burr, G.W., Marcus, B., Coding tradeoffs for high-density holographic data storage (1999) Proc Spie, 3802, pp. 18-29; Nguyen, C.D., Cai, K., Wang, B., On efficient concatenation of LDPC codes with constrained codes (2020) Ieee Trans. Magn., 56 (3), pp. 1-5; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Elimination of two-dimensional intersymbol interference through the use of a 9/12 two-dimensional modulation code (2016) Iet Commun., 10 (14), pp. 1730-1735; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) Ieee Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Extending the routes of the soft information in turbo equalization for bit-patterned media recording (2016) Ieee Trans. Magn., 52 (9), pp. 1-6},
correspondence_address1={Nguyen, C.D.; Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Viet Nam},
publisher={Institution of Engineering and Technology},
issn={17518628},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IET Commun.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2020,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Modulation code for reducing intertrack interference on staggered bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
year={2020},
volume={10},
number={15},
doi={10.3390/APP10155295},
art_number={5295},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089652348&doi=10.3390%2fAPP10155295&partnerID=40&md5=a5ad36aa59c9cae8b8f47558e817676a},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={A bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system is a type of ultrahigh-capacity magnetic storage system that can extend to an areal density of 1 terabit per square inch or higher. However, because the space between islands in the down- and cross-track directions is reduced to extend the areal density, the effect of two-dimensional interference is increased. However, using a staggered array, which is one of the possible island distributions for BPMR, helps to decrease intertrack interference. A 7/10 modulation code for a staggered BPMR is proposed to avoid the effect of two- dimensional interference and provide distance among nonidentical codewords for improving the correcting capability. © 2020 by the authors.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Intertrack interference;  Modulation code},
funding_details={Ministry of Trade, Industry and EnergyMinistry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOTIE, 20184010201690},
funding_details={Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and PlanningKorea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, KETEP},
funding_text 1={Funding: This work was supported by “Human Resources Program in Energy Technology” of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea. (No. 20184010201690).},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Erden, M.F., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 3899-3908; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 917-923; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3214-3216; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 1976-1983; Wu, Z., (2000) Coding and Iterative Detection for Magnetic Recording Channels, pp. 11-12. , 1st ed.; Kluwer Academic: Norwell, MA, USA; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 533-539; Yang, S., Han, Y., Wu, X., Wood, R., Galbraith, R., A soft decodable concatenated LDPC code (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative LDPC-LDPC product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-Correcting 5/6 Modulation Code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Elimination of two-dimensional intersymbol interference through the use of a 9/12 two-dimensional modulation code (2016) IET Commun., 10, pp. 1730-1735; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3523-3526; Kim, J., Wee, J., Lee, J., Error Correcting 4/6 Modulation Codes for Holographic Data Storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 8/10 two-dimensional modulation code for holographic data storage systems (2016) Electron. Lett., 52, pp. 710-712},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, 369 Sangdo-ro, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20763417},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meng202011521,
author={Meng, Z. and Li, G. and Yiu, S.-C. and Zhu, N. and Yu, Z.-Q. and Leung, C.-W. and Manners, I. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={Nanoimprint Lithography-Directed Self-Assembly of Bimetallic Iron–M (M=Palladium, Platinum) Complexes for Magnetic Patterning},
journal={Angewandte Chemie - International Edition},
year={2020},
volume={59},
number={28},
pages={11521-11526},
doi={10.1002/anie.202002685},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085099593&doi=10.1002%2fanie.202002685&partnerID=40&md5=0ca600466b82be51286946218179f735},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Hung Hom, Hong Kong; PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC  V8P 5C2, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong},
abstract={Self-assembly of d8 metal polypyridine systems is a well-established approach for the creation of 1D organometallic assemblies but there are still challenges for the large-scale construction of nanostructured patterns from these building blocks. We describe herein the use of high-throughput nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to direct the self-assembly of the bimetallic complexes [4′-ferrocenyl-(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine)M(OAc)]+(OAc)− (M=Pd or Pt; OAc=acetate). Uniform nanorods are fabricated from the molecular self-organization and evidenced by morphological characterization. More importantly, when top-down NIL is coupled with the bottom-up self-assembly of the organometallic building blocks, regular arrays of nanorods can be accessed and the patterns can be controlled by changing the lithographic stamp, where the mold imposes a confinement effect on the nanorod growth. In addition, patterns consisting of the products formed after pyrolysis are studied. The resulting arrays of ferromagnetic FeM alloy nanorods suggest promising potential for the scalable production of ordered magnetic arrays and fabrication of magnetic bit-patterned media. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim},
author_keywords={bimetallic complexes;  magnetic nanoparticles;  nanoimprint lithography;  nanorods;  self-assembly},
keywords={Iron;  Magnetism;  Nanorods;  Organometallics;  Platinum compounds;  Self assembly, Bimetallic complexes;  Confinement effects;  Directed self-assembly;  Magnetic bit patterned medias;  Magnetic patterning;  Morphological characterization;  Scalable production;  Self organizations, Palladium compounds},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 21701112, 51873176},
funding_details={Research Grants Council, University Grants CommitteeResearch Grants Council, University Grants Committee, RGC, UGC, PolyU153062/18P},
funding_details={Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Polytechnic University, PolyU, 1‐ZE1C},
funding_details={Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen University, SZU},
funding_details={Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen MunicipalityScience, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, JCYJ20180507183413211},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20180507183413211), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51873176 and 21701112), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU153062/18P), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-ZE1C) and Ms. Clarea Au for the Endowed Professorship in Energy (847S). Special thanks were also given to Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University (Xili Campus). I.M. thanks the Canadian Government for a Canada 150 Research Chair.},
funding_text 2={This work was supported by the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20180507183413211), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51873176 and 21701112), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU153062/18P), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1‐ZE1C) and Ms. Clarea Au for the Endowed Professorship in Energy (847S). Special thanks were also given to Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University (Xili Campus). I.M. thanks the Canadian Government for a Canada 150 Research Chair.},
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correspondence_address1={Wong, W.-Y.; Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong; email: wai-yeung.wong@polyu.edu.hk; Yu, Z.-Q.; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Xueyuan Road, China; email: zqyu@szu.edu.cn; Wong, W.-Y.; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong; email: wai-yeung.wong@polyu.edu.hk; Wong, W.-Y.; PolyU Shenzhen Research InstituteChina; email: wai-yeung.wong@polyu.edu.hk},
publisher={Wiley-VCH Verlag},
issn={14337851},
coden={ACIEF},
pubmed_id={32243037},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Rueangnetr2020731,
author={Rueangnetr, N. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L.M.M.},
title={Adaptive Designing Process of 2-D GPR Target and Equalizer based on BER in BPMR Systems},
journal={17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020},
year={2020},
pages={731-734},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON49241.2020.9158123},
art_number={9158123},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020 ; Conference Date: 24 June 2020 Through 27 June 2020;  Conference Code:162286},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091886556&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON49241.2020.9158123&partnerID=40&md5=9977e36603bfc31303f2566e68f8e147},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In high areal density magnetic recording systems, two-dimensional (2-D) equalizer and 2-D generalized partial response (GPR) target are proposed to tackle the 2-D interference problem. However, the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) technique cannot provide the optimality of the 2D detector, particularly only partial side-track information are available in the designing process. Therefore, we develop an adaptive designing process to obtain the optimal equalizers and targets based on bit error rate (BER) for two-track two-head (2T2H) bit-pattern media recording (BPMR) read channel model. In the process, the coefficients of the 2-D equalizer and GPR target are computed using the MMSE technique first. Then these MMSE targets and equalizers are adaptively adjusted based on BER at the low SNR levels. In each iteration, the main side-track coefficients of the 2×3 GPR targets are adjusted based on the BER. The iterative process is continually operated until there will be enough low level of error. Finally, the performance of those equalizers and targets are evaluated under the 2T2H BPMR system. © 2020 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Adaptive equalizer;  Bit-patterned media;  Interference;  Minimum mean squared error (MMSE);  Multi-track joint detector;  Viterbi detector},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Equalizers;  Errors;  Iterative methods;  Mean square error;  Signal to noise ratio, 2-d interferences;  Designing process;  Generalized partial-response targets;  High areal density;  Iterative process;  Magnetic recording systems;  Minimum mean squared error;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Design},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This paper was partially supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand.},
references={Zheng, N., Venkataranman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-d signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (6), p. 3100906. , June; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (armr) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 155-161. , March; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection in shingled magnetic recording with iti estimation (2015) Proc. IEEE ICC, London, pp. 425-430; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Reduced complexity of multi-track joint 2-d viterbi detectors for bit-patterned media recording channel (2017) AIP Advances, 7 (5), p. 056502; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-d equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10), pp. 1-10. , Oct; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Supnithi, P., Reduced complexity multi-track joint detector for sidetrack data estimation in high areal density bpmr (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54 (11), pp. 1-5. , Nov; Warisarn, C., Losuwan, T., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative inter-track interference mitigation method for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115 (17), p. 17B732; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative twohead two-track detection method for staggered bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2019) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55 (7), pp. 1-7. , July; Yeh, C., Barry, J.R., Adaptive minimum bit-error rate equalization for binary signaling (2000) IEEE Trans. On Commun., 48 (7), pp. 1226-1235. , July; Chen, S., Adaptive minimum bit-error-rate filtering (2004) IEE Proc.-Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 151 (1), pp. 76-85. , 5 Feb; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728164861},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kankhunthod2020735,
author={Kankhunthod, K. and Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Track Mis-registration Correction Method in Two-Head Two-Track BPMR Systems},
journal={17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020},
year={2020},
pages={735-738},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON49241.2020.9158129},
art_number={9158129},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020 ; Conference Date: 24 June 2020 Through 27 June 2020;  Conference Code:162286},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091874496&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON49241.2020.9158129&partnerID=40&md5=29d5f253a0fbe3de6b7fd603a347cd26},
affiliation={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand},
abstract={One of the main problems in a Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system at an ultra-high areal density is the effect of track mis-registration (TMR), which can severely degrade the system's performance. Practically, the TMR effect is controlled by the servo system. That requires some areas of record to store redundancy bits. In this paper, we propose a simple linear energy ratio finding (SLERF) technique using only the two readback signals for estimating the TMR level in two- head/two-track (2H2T) BPMR systems, which unrequired the extravagant redundancy bits. Next, we utilize the appropriate equalizers, which are accordingly designed with the estimated TMR levels, to correct the TMR effect. Moreover, we also propose a soft-information adjustment (SIA) technique that operates after obtaining the soft-information from the two-dimensional soft-output Viterbi algorithm (2D-SOVA) detectors in order to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of recording systems. Computer simulation reveals that the SLERF and SIA techniques can impressively estimate the TMR levels and further effectively correct the TMR effect as well, respectively. Therefore, it leads to obtaining better BER performance in particular where the system is impaired by position jitter noise. © 2020 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm (2D-SOVA);  Track mis-registration (TMR);  Two-head/two-track (2H2T)},
keywords={Decoding;  Redundancy;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Correction method;  Recording systems;  Soft information;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  System's performance;  Track misregistration, Bit error rate},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This paper was supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Doctoral Scholarships (KDS) under the grant number KDS2019/031 College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand.},
references={Wood, R., Future hard disk drive systems (2009) J. Magn, Mater., 321, pp. 555-561; Fang, W., Xiao-Hong, X., (2014) Writability Issues in High-anisotropy Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media, 23, p. 036802. , Chin. Phys. B; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Future options for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Nutter, P.W., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsyst. Techol., 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Nov; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered island bit-patterned media recording (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 117, p. 17A904; Warisarn, C., Arrayanglool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An iti-mitigation 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., A simple inter-track interference subtraction technique in bit-patterned media recording (bpmr) systems (2018) IEICE Trans. Electron., E101-C (5), pp. 404-408. , May; He, L.N., Estimation of track misregistration by using dual strip magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , Jul; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4590-4593. , Nov; Busyatras, W., A tmr mitigation method based on readback signal in bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (8), pp. 892-898. , Aug; Busyatras, W., An iterative tmr mitigation method based on readback signal for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), p. 3002104. , Nov; Busyatras, W., A simple tmr mitigation approach for bit patterned media recording based on readback signals (2015) Proceeding of ITC-CSCC 2015, pp. 458-460. , Soul, Korea June 29-July 2; Fan, B., Multihead multitrack detection in shingled magnetic recording with iti estimation (2015) IEEE ICC 2015 SAC-Data Storage and Cloud Computing, pp. 425-430. , Jun; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728164861},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hussain20201759,
author={Hussain, R. and Aakansha and Brahma, B. and Basumatary, R. and Brahma, R. and Ravi, S. and Srivastava, S.K.},
title={Magnetic Property of Thin Film of Co-Tb Alloys Deposited on the Barrier Layer of Ordered Anodic Alumina Templates},
journal={Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism},
year={2020},
volume={33},
number={6},
pages={1759-1763},
doi={10.1007/s10948-020-05432-2},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078222693&doi=10.1007%2fs10948-020-05432-2&partnerID=40&md5=d0e67b268afaf7e76182fa4d9ae3d245},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, 783370, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India; Department of Physics, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, 783370, India},
abstract={Recently, search for novel materials for bit patterned media (BPM) has been very intense due to their potential application in ultra-high-density hard disk drive. In a quest of finding new materials for BPM, we have taken up to study ordered array of nanostructured Co-Tb alloy. Thin films of Ta (1 nm)/Co1−xTbx (24 nm)/Ta (4 nm) (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.18 and 0.33) alloys were deposited on the barrier layer of auto-assembled anodic alumina template using dc magnetron sputtering to form a nanostructured array, the so-called nanobump. Similar array of compounds on a flat Si substrate was also deposited for comparison (reference sample). The measurement of room temperature magnetization (M) versus field (H) curve indicates that the coercivity and the squareness [Mr/Ms] of nanobumps as well as reference samples were found to increase with increase of Tb content. However, the values of HC and Mr/MS for nanobumps were found to be higher than those of reference samples. The measurements of in-plane and out-plane M-H curves reveal that Co1−xTbx (x = 0.15, 0.20 and 0.33) nanobumps exhibit magnetic isotropy behaviour. The measurements of temperature variation of magnetization demonstrate that these films exhibit ferrimagnetism with a compensation temperature much above the room temperature. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Co-Tb alloy;  Thin film},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Aluminum sheet;  Binary alloys;  Carrier concentration;  Magnetization;  Terbium alloys;  Thin films, Anodic alumina template;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Compensation temperature;  Dc magnetron sputtering;  Nanostructured arrays;  Temperature variation;  Ultrahigh density, Cobalt alloys},
funding_details={ECR/2016/000713},
funding_text 1={This study is financially supported for a project through ‘Early Career Research Award’ from DST-SERB India, with sanction order number( ECR/2016/000713 ). Acknowledgements},
references={Richter, H.J., (1999) J. of Physics D-Applied Physics, 32, p. R147; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. of Physics D-Applied Physics, 40, p. R149; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., X. Z. Wu (2009) bit-patterned magnetic recording: nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale magnetic materials and applications, pp. 237-274. , Liu J, Fullerton E, Gutfleisch O, Sellmyer D, (eds), Springer, Boston, MA; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, p. 2255; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L.S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys, 79, p. 6101; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38, p. R199; Piraux, L., Antohe, V.A., Abreu Araujo, F., Srivastava, S.K., Hehn, M., Lacour, D., Mangin, S., Hauet, T., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett, 101, p. 013110; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89, p. 174421; Tudu, B., Tiwari, A., (2017) Vacuum, 146, p. 329; Hansen, P., (1989) J. Appl. Phys, 66, p. 756; Kuo, P.C., Kuo, C.-M., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 3317; Betz, J., Mackay, K., Givord, D., (1999) J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 207, p. 180; Gottwald, M., Hehn, M., Montaigne, F., Lacour, D., Lengaigne, G., Suire, S., Mangin, S., (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111, p. 083904; Finley, J., Liu, L., (2016) Physical Review Applied, 6, p. 054001; Hussain, R., Aakansha, Brahma, B., Basumatary, R.K., Brahma, R., Ravi, S., Srivastava, S.K., (2019) J. Superconductivity and Novel magnetism, 32 (12), p. 4027; Grimsditch, M., Jaccard, Y., Schuller, I.K., (1998) Physical Review B, 58, p. 11539; Deger, C., Ozdemir, M., Yildiz, F., (2016) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 408, p. 13; Zhai, Y., (2002) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 14 (34), p. 7865; Wang, Z., (2005) Physical Review letters, 94 (13), p. 137208; Streubel, R., (2016) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 49, p. 363001},
correspondence_address1={Srivastava, S.K.; Department of Physics, India; email: sk.srivastava@cit.ac.in},
publisher={Springer},
issn={15571939},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Supercond Novel Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yu2020,
author={Yu, Y. and Xu, F. and Guo, S. and Wang, N. and Zou, L. and Wang, B. and Li, R.-W. and Xue, F.},
title={Inferring the magnetic anisotropy of a nanosample through dynamic cantilever magnetometry measurements},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2020},
volume={116},
number={19},
doi={10.1063/5.0004598},
art_number={193102},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114295017&doi=10.1063%2f5.0004598&partnerID=40&md5=78a54fa173d55a360707858b48b2481b},
affiliation={Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China},
abstract={The magnetic anisotropy of bit-patterned media, such as a mesocrystal, is a key parameter in spintronics. Here, we utilize the high sensitivity of dynamic cantilever magnetometry to investigate the foundation of a mesocrystal, an individual CoFe 2 O 4 pyramid nanocrystal. The magnetic anisotropy of the nanosample can be inferred through quantitatively correlating the main features in the evolution of the magnetic energy with frequency shifts in dynamic cantilever magnetometry measurements. Magnetometry data taken at 280 K exhibit hybrid magnetic anisotropy, including uniaxial anisotropy and cubic anisotropy. Low-temperature measurements further confirm the previously reported single-domain state and indicate that the cubic anisotropy is mainly magnetocrystalline anisotropy, while uniaxial anisotropy is likely to be induced by the interface between the CoFe 2 O 4 pyramid and the BiFeO 3 layer. The analysis provides an alternative interpretation for dynamic cantilever magnetometry data, which may extend the application of magnetometry. © 2020 Author(s).},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Interface states;  Low temperature effects;  Magnetism;  Magnetocrystalline anisotropy;  Magnetometers;  Magnetometry;  Nanocantilevers;  Temperature;  Temperature measurement, Bit-patterned media;  Frequency shift;  High sensitivity;  Keys parameters;  Low-temperature measurements;  Magnetic energies;  Magnetometry measurements;  Mesocrystals;  Nanosamples;  Uniaxial anisotropy, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 11374305, 11604338, 11704386, 51871232},
funding_details={National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2016YFA0201102, 2017YFA0303201},
funding_text 1={The authors thank Professor M. Poggio for providing the ultrasoft cantilevers used in these experiments. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0303201 and 2016YFA0201102) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374305, 11604338, 51871232, and 11704386). A portion of this work was supported by the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province.},
references={Baibich, M.N., Broto, J.M., Fert, A., Nguyen Van Dau, F., Petroff, F., Eitenne, P., Creuzet, G., Chazelas, J., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 61, p. 2472; Binasch, G., Grünberg, P., Saurenbach, F., Zinn, W., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 4828; Chappert, C., Fert, A., Nguyen Van Dau, F., (2007) Nat. Mater., 6, p. 813; Manchon, A., Koo, H.C., Nitta, J., Frolov, S.M., Duine, R.A., (2015) Nat. Mater., 14, p. 871; Jungwirth, T., Wunderlich, J., Olejník, K., (2012) Nat. Mater., 11, p. 382; Jungwirth, T., Wunderlich, J., Novák, V., Olejník, K., Gallagher, B.L., Campion, R.P., Edmonds, K.W., Němec, P., (2014) Rev. Mod. Phys., 86, p. 855; Meiklejohn, W.H., Bean, C.P., (1957) Phys. Rev., 105, p. 904; Shiratsuchi, Y., Noutomi, H., Oikawa, H., Nakamura, T., Suzuki, M., Fujita, T., Arakawa, K., Nakatani, R., (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, p. 077202; Ikeda, S., Miura, K., Yamamoto, H., Mizunuma, K., Gan, H.D., Endo, M., Kanai, S., Ohno, H., (2010) Nat. Mater., 9, p. 721; Dieny, B., Chshiev, M., (2017) Rev. Mod. Phys., 89, p. 025008; Bhatti, S., Sbiaa, R., Hirohata, A., Ohno, H., Fukami, S., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2017) Mater. Today, 20, p. 530; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Weller, D., Brändle, H., Gorman, G., Lin, C.-J., Notarys, H., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 2726; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinomen, O., Gao, K.Z., Vd Veerdonk, R.J.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Cölfen, H., Antonietti, M., (2005) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, p. 5576; Guo, S.S., Xu, F., Wang, B.M., Wang, N., Yang, H.L., Dhanapal, P., Xue, F., Li, R.W., (2018) Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 5, p. 1800997; Stipe, B.C., Mamin, H.J., Stowe, T.D., Kenny, T.W., Rugar, D., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 2874; Buchter, A., Nagel, J., Rüffer, D., Xue, F., Weber, D.P., Kieler, O.F., Weimann, T., Poggio, M., (2013) Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, p. 067202; Weber, D.P., Rüffer, D., Buchter, A., Xue, F., Russo-Averchi, E., Huber, R., Berberich, P., Poggio, M., (2012) Nano Lett., 12, p. 6139; Gross, B., Weber, D.P., Rüffer, D., Buchter, A., Heimbach, F., Fontcuberta I Morral, A., Grundler, D., Poggio, M., (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 93, p. 064409; Mehlin, A., Xue, F., Liang, D., Du, H.F., Stolt, M.J., Jin, S., Tian, M.L., Poggio, M., (2015) Nano Lett., 15, p. 4839; Shamsudhin, N., Tao, Y., Sort, J., Jang, B., Degen, C.L., Nelson, B.J., Pané, S., (2016) Small, 12, p. 6363; Mehlin, A., Gross, B., Wyss, M., Schefer, T., Tütüncüoglu, G., Heimbach, F., Fontcuberta I Morral, A., Poggio, M., (2018) Phys. Rev. B, 97, p. 134422; Kamra, A., Schreier, M., Huebl, H., Goennenwein, S.T.B., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89, p. 184406; Yu, Y., Xu, F., Wang, N., Zou, L.K., Xue, F., (2018) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 57, p. 090312; Cullity, B.D., Graham, C.D., (2005) Introduction to Magnetic Materials, , John Wiley & Sons; Slonczewski, J.C., (1961) J. Appl. Phys., 32, p. S253; Tejedor, M., Garćia, J.A., Carrizo, J., Elbaile, L., Santos, J.D., Mira, J., Rivas, J., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 2185; Shenker, H., (1957) Phys. Rev., 107, p. 1246; Abe, K., Miyamoto, Y., Chikazumi, S., (1976) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 41, p. 1894; Gao, T., Zhang, X., Ratcliff, W., Maruyama, S., Murakami, M., Varatharajan, A., Yamani, Z., Takeuchi, I., (2017) Nano Lett., 17, p. 2825; Cuellar, F.A., Liu, Y.H., Salafranca, J., Nemes, N., Iborra, E., Sanchez-Santolino, G., Varela, M., Santamaria, J., (2014) Nat. Commun., 5, p. 4215; Bruno, F.Y., Grisolia, M.N., Visani, C., Valencia, S., Varela, M., Abrudan, R., Tornos, J., Bibes, M., (2015) Nat. Commun., 6, p. 6306; Verwey, E.J.W., Haayman, P.W., (1941) Physica, 8, p. 979; Xu, F., Guo, S.S., Yu, Y., Wang, N., Zou, L.K., Wang, B.M., Li, R.W., Xue, F., (2019) Phys. Rev. Appl., 11, p. 054007},
correspondence_address1={Xue, F.; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, China; email: xuef@hmfl.ac.cn},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ghanami2020,
author={Ghanami, F. and Abed Hodtani, G.},
title={Information Theoretical Analysis of a New Write Channel Model for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2020},
volume={56},
number={4},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2020.2970830},
art_number={8977491},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082384908&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2020.2970830&partnerID=40&md5=210b3eaf28c2973359c2ba24da517bf6},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran},
abstract={This article proposes a write channel model with input-dependent noise, called multiplicative noise, for bit patterned media recording (BPMR). In general, for these types of channels and other channels with memory, the capacity is not known. In channels with unknown capacity (with noise, dependent or independent of the input), the mutual information between channel input and output for any chosen input and output distribution is a capacity lower bound, which is called the information rate. In this article, the dependence of the noise on the channel input is added to the previously studied models. Using this write channel model with input-dependent noise and with memory considered as a binary random state, information rate lower and upper bounds and the gap between them can be found. These lower and upper bounds are calculated for the defined information rate relating to two types of input distribution [independent and uniformly distributed (i.u.d.) process and first-order Markov (foM) process]. The proposed model is shown to include some previous works as special cases and is compared mathematically with the other models, where, the noise is not considered and/or is considered to be independent of the input. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  channel state random variable;  information rate lower and upper bounds;  input-dependent noise},
keywords={Information theory, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Capacity lower bound;  Channel state;  Channels with memory;  input-dependent noise;  Lower and upper bounds;  Multiplicative noise, Channel state information},
references={Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsyst. Technol, 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Nov; Richter, H., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P., Shi, Y., Belle, B., Miles, J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Hu, J., Duman, T., Kurtas, E., Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Zhang, S., Chai, K.-S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., On the capacity of channels with timing synchronization errors (2016) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 62 (2), pp. 793-810. , Feb; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Kong, L., Coding and detection for channels with written-in errors and inter-symbol interference (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (10), pp. 1-6. , Oct; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Naseri, S., Hodtani, G.A., A general write channel model for bitpatterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5), pp. 1-12. , May; Mazumdar, A., Barg, A., Kashyap, N., Coding for high-density recording on a 1-D granular magnetic medium (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (11), pp. 7403-7417. , Nov; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Nguyen, P.-M., Armand, M.A., On capacity formulation with stationary inputs and application to a bit-patterned media recording channel model (2015) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 61 (11), pp. 5906-5930. , Nov; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (12), pp. 1-11. , Dec; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Mallinson, J.C., (2012) The Foundations of Magnetic Recording, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier; Osullivan, J.A., Agrawal, D., Indeck, R.S., Muller, M.W., Signal precompensation for multiplicative noise in magnetic recording (1995) SIAM Rev, 51 (1); Dobrushin, R., General formulation of (1959) Amer. Math. Soc. Transl, 33, pp. 323-438. , Shannon?s main theorem in information theory, " in Russian Series 2; Gallager, R.G., (1968) Information Theory and Reliable Communication, 2. , New York, NY, USA Wiley; Sharov, A., Roth, R.M., On the capacity of generalized ising channels IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 63 (4), pp. 2338-2356. , Apr. 2017; Gray, R.M., (2011) Entropy and Information Theory, , Springer; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2012) Elements of Information Theory, , Hoboken, NJ, USA Wiley},
correspondence_address1={Abed Hodtani, G.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran; email: ghodtani@gmail.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Buajong2020,
author={Buajong, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Modified Multitrack Joint Two-Dimensional Viterbi Detectors for Rate-4/5 and Rate-5/6 Modulation Codes in Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2020},
volume={11},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2020.3044550},
art_number={9292996},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098760803&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2020.3044550&partnerID=40&md5=bfe5ce362f38b275ef2c88d3da4dc7fa},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract={For an ultrahigh areal-density bit-patterned magnetic recording, system performance is severely degraded by intertrack interference (ITI). Rate-4/5 and rate-5/6 modulation codes were introduced to avoid data patterns that can cause severe ITI. However, their decoders might not be able to correctly perform for data patterns that do not match with their look-up tables during the decoding process. To further improve system performance, we use a multitrack joint two-dimensional (2-D) Viterbi detector for the recommended systems. We also use a modified trellis structure with lower complexity when compared to a conventional joint 2-D detector, which is designed based on their encoding conditions. Simulation results show that our systems outperform the conventional system, especially when they are investigated in a media-noise environment. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned magnetic recording;  Information storage;  intertrack interference;  trellis structure},
keywords={Decoding;  Modulation;  Table lookup, Conventional systems;  Data patterns;  Decoding process;  Inter-track interferences;  Lower complexity;  Magnetic recording systems;  Modulation codes;  Viterbi detectors, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, PHD/0167/2561},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund under Grant PHD/0167/2561 and in part by the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.},
references={Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A constructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bit-patterned media recording system (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B703; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Multitrack reading scheme with single reader in BPMR systems (2017) Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Elect. Eng. Congr., Pattaya, Thailand; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection for next generation magnetic recording, part I:Weighted sum subtract joint detection with ITI estimation (2017) IEEE Trans. Commun., 65, pp. 1635-1648; Groenland, J., Abelmann, L., Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2307-2309; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 3639-3647; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3300907; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Reduced complexity of multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detectors for bit-patterned media recording channel (2017) AIP Adv., 7, p. 056502; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Supnithi, P., Reduced complexity multi-track joint detector for sidetrack data estimation in high areal density BPMR (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 9401405; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 485-494; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options forHDDstorage (2009) IEEE Trans.Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C, pp. 528-533; Yamashita, M., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 3558-3561; Zheng, N., Venkataraman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-D signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans.Magn., 50, p. 3100906},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu2020,
author={Xu, Y. and Wang, Y. and Li, Y. and Chen, L. and Wen, Y. and Li, P.},
title={Multi-track Detection with 2D Hybrid Equalizer for High Density Bit-patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2020},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2020.3028533},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092892824&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2020.3028533&partnerID=40&md5=715ac6e925dd7845fa56bcf3b46dde85},
affiliation={Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 12474 Shanghai China 200240 (e-mail: ysy___@sjtu.edu.cn); Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 12474 Shanghai China 200240 (e-mail: yaowang898@sjtu.edu.cn); Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 12474 Shanghai China (e-mail: liyuansjty@sjtu.edu.cn); Chongqing China 400044 (e-mail: 67638515@163.com); Dept. of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 12474 Shanghai Christmas Island 200080 (e-mail: yumei.wen@sjtu.edu.cn); Dept. of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 12474 Shanghai China 200080 (e-mail: liping_sh@sjtu.edu.cn)},
abstract={Bit patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the most promising candidates to further increase the recording density beyond 1 <formula><tex>$Tb/in^2$</tex></formula>. For the high-density BPMR system, the severe inter-track interference (ITI) and media noises caused by decreased track pitch bring severe deteriorations to the readback signals. To mitigate the impact of ITI and media noises on bit error rate (BER) performance, we propose a multi-track detection scheme with a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid equalizer, which utilizes 2D distinct equalizer coefficients corresponding to the different estimated ITI patterns. By analyzing the probability density distribution of the log likelihood ratio (LLR) outputted by the decoder, a LLR threshold is implemented to evaluate the reliability of estimated ITI patterns. Then the 2D variable equalizer trained with different ITI patterns is implemented for the reliably estimated ITI patterns, otherwise the 2D fixed equalizer trained with pseudo random bit sequence is utilized. Hence compared to the conventional 2D fixed equalizer, the proposed 2D hybrid equalizer decreases the mean squared error of equalization with the reduced error propagation risk. The simulation results indicate that the 2D hybrid equalizer provides the increased signal to noise ratio (SNR) gains compared to 2D fixed equalizer when the media noise and track mis-registration become more severe. IEEE},
author_keywords={2D hybrid equalizer;  bit patterned media recording;  Detectors;  Equalizers;  Estimation;  Information storage;  inter-track interference;  Iron;  Media;  multi-track detection;  Target tracking;  Two dimensional displays},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Equalizers;  Error analysis;  Lunar surface analysis;  Mean square error;  Probability distributions, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Log likelihood ratios (LLR);  Multi-track detections;  Probability density distribution;  Pseudo random bit sequences, Signal to noise ratio},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chantakit2020155248,
author={Chantakit, T. and Buajong, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Long-Short Term Memory-Based Application on Adaptive Cross-Platform Decoder for Bit Patterned Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Access},
year={2020},
volume={8},
pages={155248-155259},
doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3018466},
art_number={9173770},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090934606&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2020.3018466&partnerID=40&md5=83051d511efeea263c3a5c738fecf0d0},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Dynamic bit encoding and decoding of the magnetic recording process remain a challenge in that the process is restrained by the balance between reading and writing performance of the decoder's bit error rate (BER). Sequential neural networks offer data streamflow for processes to reproduce recoded bits from signal distribution, overcoming the limitation of codeword mapping designed for each specific bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) channel. Here, we implement the vanilla long short-term memory (LSTM) for adaptive modulation decoders in various BPMR channel designs within a single network, which benefits multi-channel decoder calibration tools with the same standardization. Signal information from media readback, a two-dimensional (2D) equalizer, 2D Viterbi, and a 2D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector is arranged as a tensor that enables sequence-to-sequence bit prediction even with a highly complex data arrangement. Our adaptive model can predict recorded bits from readback with accuracies of approximately 97% for rate 4/5 decoding and 75% for crossing platforms, using a recently proposed single-reader/two-track reading (SRTR) system at an areal density of 4 Tb/in2 in a signal-to-noise ratio range of 1 to 8 dB. We conducted a BER simulation with the relevant results from conventional decoders and the LSTM model. Ultimately, our approach may demonstrate the limitation of supervised learning designed for BPMR systems and reveal a sequence data focus on LSTM that paves the way for sequential-type, unsupervised, mechanism-based, next-generation magnetic recordings. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  channel decoding;  deep learning;  Long-short term memory (LSTM);  supervised learning},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Brain;  Channel coding;  Decoding;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Signal to noise ratio;  Viterbi algorithm, Conventional decoders;  Encoding and decoding;  Sequential neural networks;  Signal distribution;  Signal information;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Writing performance, Long short-term memory},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, KREF146206},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research under Grant KREF146206.},
references={Chen, B., Chang, J.-Y., Effect of flattening cracked medium on positioning accuracy of a linear magnetic encoder (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (2), pp. 1-7. , Feb; Um, J., Kouhpanji, M.R.Z., Liu, S., Porshokouh, Z.N., Sung, S.-Y., Kosel, J., Stadler, B., Fabrication of long-range ordered aluminum oxide and Fe/Au multilayered nanowires for 3-D magnetic memory (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (2), pp. 1-6. , Feb; Nguyen, T.A., Lee, J., Error-correcting 5/6 modulation code for staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10, pp. 1-5; Harada, K., High-efficient adaptive modulation for PWM-based multilevel perpendicular magnetic recording on insufficient resolution channel (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (11), pp. 1-8. , Nov; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Signal detection under multipath intersymbol interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10, pp. 1-5; Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Kanai, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator by neural network using adjacent track information in SMR system (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (12), pp. 1-5. , Dec; Gruber, T., Cammerer, S., Hoydis, J., Brink, S.T., On deep learningbased channel decoding (2017) Proc. 51st Annu. Conf. Inf. Sci. Syst. (CISS), pp. 1-6. , Baltimore, MD, USA, Mar; Qin, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Deep neural network: Data detection channel for hard disk drives by learning (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (2), pp. 1-8. , Feb; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-4. , Jul; Cao, C., Li, D., Fair, I., Deep learning-based decoding for constrained sequence codes (2018) Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1-7. , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Dec; Sayyafan, A., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Shen, J., Chan, K.S., James, A., Deep neural network based media noise predictors for use in high-density magnetic recording turbo-detectors (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (12), pp. 1-6. , Dec; Liang, F., Shen, C., Wu, F., Exploiting noise correlation for channel decoding with convolutional neural networks (2018) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 1-6. , Kansas City, MO, USA, May; Luo, K., Wang, S., Xie, G., Chen, W., Chen, J., Lu, P., Cheng, W., Read channel modeling and neural network block predictor for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (1), pp. 1-5. , Jan; Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Kanai, Y., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator using neural network in SMR system (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-4. , Jul; Lyu, W., Zhang, Z., Jiao, C., Qin, K., Zhang, H., Performance evaluation of channel decoding with deep neural networks (2018) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 1-6. , Kansas City, MO, USA, May; Hu, Y., Zhao, L., Yan, Z., Kaushik, A., Hou, Y., Thompson, J., GatedNet: Neural network decoding for decoding over impulsive noise channels (2019) IEEE Commun. Lett., 23 (8), pp. 1381-1384. , Aug; Shen, J., Aboutaleb, A., Sivakumar, K., Belzer, B.J., Chan, K.S., James, A., Deep neural network a posteriori probability detector for twodimensional magnetic recording (2020) IEEE Trans. Magn., 56 (6), pp. 1-12. , Jun; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording (2020) IEEE Magn. Lett., 11, pp. 1-5; Warisarn, C., Mitigating the effects of track mis-registration in singlereader/ two-track reading BPMR systems (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7), pp. 1-6. , Jul; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2D modulation code in single-reader two-track reading BPMR systems (2019) Digit. Commun. Netw., , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864819300689, Nov; Lu, C., Xu, W., Shen, H., Zhu, J., Wang, K., MIMO channel information feedback using deep recurrent network (2019) IEEE Commun. Lett., 23 (1), pp. 188-191. , Jan; Palangi, H., Deng, L., Shen, Y., Gao, J., He, X., Chen, J., Song, X., Ward, R., Deep sentence embedding using long short-term memory networks: Analysis and application to information retrieval (2016) IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Process., 24 (4), pp. 694-707. , Apr; Li, C., Wang, Z., Rao, M., Belkin, D., Song, W., Jiang, H., Yan, P., Xia, Q., Long short-term memory networks in memristor crossbar arrays (2019) Nature Mach. Intell., 1 (1), pp. 49-57. , Jan; Li, X., Yu, C., Su, F., Quan, T., Yang, X., Novel training algorithms for long short-term memory neural network (2019) Iet Signal Process., 13 (3), pp. 304-308. , May; Sen, S., Raghunathan, A., Approximate computing for long short term memory (LSTM) neural networks (2018) IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integr. Circuits Syst., 37 (11), pp. 2266-2276. , Nov; Werbos, P.J., Backpropagation through time: What it does and how to do it (1990) Proc. Ieee, 78 (10), pp. 1550-1560. , Oct; Murphy, K.P., (2012) Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, 1st Ed, , Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press; Torres, V.F., Torres, F.S., Resilient training of neural network classifiers with approximate computing techniques for hardware-optimised implementations (2019) Iet Comput. Digit. Techn., 13 (6), pp. 532-542. , Nov; Kumar Reddy, R.V., Srinivasa Rao, B., Raju, K.P., Handwritten Hindi digits recognition using convolutional neural network with RMSprop optimization (2018) Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Intell. Comput. Control Syst. (ICICCS), pp. 45-51. , Madurai, India, Jun; Wang, Y., Liu, J., Miic, J., Miic, V.B., Lv, S., Chang, X., Assessing optimizer impact on DNN model sensitivity to adversarial examples (2019) IEEE Access, 7, pp. 152766-152776; Graves, A., (2013) Generating Sequences with Recurrent Neural Networks, , http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.0850; Dauphin, Y.N., De Vries, H., Bengio, Y., (2015) Equilibrated Adaptive Learning Rates for Non-convex Optimization, , http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.04390; Hu, P., Peng, D., Sang, Y., Xiang, Y., Multi-view linear discriminant analysis network (2019) IEEE Trans. Image Process., 28 (11), pp. 5352-5365. , Nov; Peng, X., Feng, J., Xiao, S., Yau, W.-Y., Zhou, J.T., Yang, S., Structured AutoEncoders for subspace clustering (2018) IEEE Trans. Image Process., 27 (10), pp. 5076-5086. , Oct; Peng, X., Zhu, H., Feng, J., Shen, C., Zhang, H., Zhou, J.T., Deep clustering with sample-assignment invariance prior (2020) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., , early access, Dec. 31; Hu, P., Peng, D., Wang, X., Xiang, Y., Multimodal adversarial network for cross-modal retrieval (2019) Knowl.-Based Syst., 180, pp. 38-50. , Sep; Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., Soft-output decoding approach of 2D modulation codes in bit-patterned media recording systems (2015) Ieice Trans. Electron., E98.C (12), pp. 1187-1192; Xu, B., Wang, H., Cen, Z., Liu, Z., 4-5 Tb/in2 heat-assisted magnetic recording by short-pulse laser heating (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (6), pp. 1-5. , Jun; Weller, D., Parker, G., Mosendz, O., Champion, E., Stipe, B., Wang, X., Klemmer, T., Ajan, A., A HAMR media technology roadmap to an areal density of 4 Tb/in2 (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1), pp. 1-8. , Jan; Kamata, Y., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., 5 Tdot/inch2 bit-patterned media fabricated by directed self-assembling polymer mask (2012) Dig. APMRC, Singapore, pp. 1-2; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Wang, M., Shi, D., Guan, N., Zhang, T., Wang, L., Li, R., Unsupervised pedestrian trajectory prediction with graph neural networks (2019) Proc. IEEE 31st Int. Conf. Tools with Artif. Intell. (ICTAI), pp. 832-839. , Portland, OR, USA, Nov; Nguyen, V.-H., Sugiyama, K., Kan, M.-Y., Halder, K., Neural side effect discovery from user credibility and experience-assessed online health discussions (2020) J. Biomed. Semantics, 11 (1), pp. 1-16. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={21693536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Access},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koonkarnkhai2020153077,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A Novel ITI Suppression Technique for Coded Dual-Track Dual-Head Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Access},
year={2020},
volume={8},
pages={153077-153086},
doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3017708},
art_number={9171339},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090559600&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2020.3017708&partnerID=40&md5=e333e83d0a2fdf9e50c67a476e36e0c3},
affiliation={Advanced Signal Processing for Disruptive Innovation Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract={Generally, an intertrack interference (ITI) is a critical problem in bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) systems that can attain an areal density (AD) up to 4 Tb/in2. Unavoidably, at high ADs, a very narrow track width must be employed, leading to severe ITI and unacceptable system performance. To tackle the ITI; therefore, this article introduces a novel ITI suppression technique for coded dual-track dual-head (DTDH) BPMR systems. At the first turbo iteration, the weighted readback signal of the adjacent track served as an estimated ITI signal is utilized for subtracting from the target readback signal to subside the ITI effect, before passing the refined readback signal to a turbo equalizer. Nonetheless, for the second turbo iteration onwards, the estimated ITI signal generated by the soft information obtained from a decoder at each turbo iteration will be then employed to subtract from the target readback signal during the turbo decoding process. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system can provide better performance than the DTDH system using a hard ITI suppression technique as well as the conventional system using one read head to decode one data track for all ADs, because the proposed technique can estimate the ITI signal well. Furthermore, when considering the recording system under the effects of media noise and track mis-registration, we also found that the proposed system is more robust than other systems. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned magnetic recording;  ITI suppression;  soft information;  turbo decoding},
keywords={Iterative decoding;  Recording instruments, Conventional systems;  Critical problems;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Recording systems;  Suppression technique;  Track misregistration;  Turbo equalizers, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={GP_62_12},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, KREF146206},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand, under Grant GP_62_12, and in part by the College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, under Grant KREF146206.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Van De Veerdonk, M.R.J., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Ng, Y., VijayaKumar, B.V.K., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with Insertion/Deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Weisen, K., Lansky, R.M., Sobey, C., Recording asymmetries at large skew angles (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn, 29 (6), pp. 4002-4004. , Nov; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Min, D.K., Oh, H.S., Yoo, I.K., New data detection method for a HDD with patterned media (2008) Proc. 7th IEEE Conf. Sensors, pp. 1064-1067. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Recording, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Univ. California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron, E98C (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11). , Nov; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct; Fujii, M., Shinohara, N., Multi-track iterative ITI canceller for shingled write recording (2010) Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol. (ISCIT), pp. 1062-1067. , Oct; Yao, J., Teh, K.C., Li, K.H., Performance evaluation of maximum-likelihood page detection for 2-D interference channel (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (7), pp. 2239-2242. , Jul; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next gen-eration hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (3), pp. 155-161. , Mar; Yao, J., Hwang, E., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Mathew, G., Two-track joint detection for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) (2015) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 418-424. , Jun; Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., A simple 2-head 2-track detection method for bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2018) Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol. (ISCIT), pp. 490-494. , Sep; Tuchler, M., Koetter, R., Singer, A.C., Turbo equalization: Principles and new results (2002) IEEE Trans. Commun, 50 (5), pp. 754-767. , May; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative two-head two-track detection method for staggered bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55 (7). , Jul; Kovintavewat, P., Koonkarnkhai, S., Joint TA suppression and turbo equalization for coded partial response channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1393-1396. , Jun; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., A soft ITI mitigation method for coded 2H2T BPMR systems (2019) Proc. 34th Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun. (ITC-CSCC), pp. 1-3. , Jun; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A Viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications (1989) Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), pp. 1680-1686. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative ITI cancellation method for multi-head multi-track bit-patterned magnetic recording sys-tems (2020) Digit. Commun. Netw, , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={21693536},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Access},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Miwa2020117,
author={Miwa, Y. and Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={MnGa Film with (001) Texture Fabricated on Thermally Oxidized Si Substrate Using CoGa Buffer Layer},
journal={Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan},
year={2020},
volume={44},
number={5},
pages={117-121},
doi={10.3379/msjmag.2009R003},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090532756&doi=10.3379%2fmsjmag.2009R003&partnerID=40&md5=585fbbf73087518af4839b23a26fff43},
affiliation={Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={(001)-oriented MnGa films were grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates using CoGa buffer layers by the magnetron sputtering method. The deposition and annealing temperatures of the CoGa buffer layer were optimized to improve (001)-orientation of the MnGa layer. As a result, a saturation magnetization of 290 emu/cc was obtained when CoGa was sputter-deposited at 400 ˚C and post-annealed at 700 ˚C. This saturation magnetization was almost equal to that of MnGa grown on an MgO(001) substrate. The (001)-oriented MnGa film grown on the Si substrate had surface roughness compared to that grown on MgO(001) due to the high temperature annealing of the CoGa layer. Improvement of surface flatness is necessary for applications to magnetic memory and storage such as magnetic tunnel junctions and bit patterned media. © 2020, Magnetics Society of Japan. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  CoGa;  Magnetic recording;  MnGa;  Recording media},
keywords={Annealing;  Binary alloys;  Buffer layers;  Cobalt alloys;  Magnesia;  Magnesium alloys;  Magnetic storage;  Manganese alloys;  Oxide minerals;  Saturation magnetization;  Silicon;  Substrates;  Surface roughness;  Textures;  Tunnel junctions, Annealing temperatures;  Bit-patterned media;  High-temperature annealing;  Magnetic memory;  Magnetic tunnel junction;  Magnetron sputtering method;  Surface flatness;  Thermally oxidized, Gallium alloys},
funding_details={Tatematsu FoundationTatematsu Foundation},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 17H03249, 19K15044},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. Kumazawa for his assistance with the experiments. This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17H03249, 19K15044, and by the TATEMATSU foundation. This work was also supported in part by the Project of Creation of Life Innovation Materials for Interdisciplinary and International Researcher Development of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. A part of this work was performed under the Research Program of “Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials” in “Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices.”},
references={(2016) ASTC Technology Roadmap, , The International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 3685-3688; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922; Terris, B. D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J. E. E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett, 75, pp. 403-405; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 198 (–199), pp. 191-193; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferré, J., Chapman, J. N., Jamet, J.-P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 90, pp. 3843-3849; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3595-3597; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2972-2974; Oshima, D., Tanimoto, M., Kato, T., Fujiwara, Y., Nakamura, T., Kotani, Y., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, p. 3203407; Kato, T., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 106, p. 053908. , S, and; Xu, Q., Kanbara, R., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111, p. 07B906; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 3608-3611; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54, p. 3200207; Ishikawa, T., Miwa, Y., Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn, 55, p. 3200104; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Iwata, S., (2018) Crystals, 9, p. 27; Takahashi, Y., Makuta, H., Shima, T., Doi, M., (2017) T. Magn. Soc. Jpn. (Special Issues), 1, pp. 30-33; Suzuki, K. Z., Ranjbar, R., Sugihara, A., Miyazaki, T., Mizukami, S., (2016) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 55, p. 010305; Wang, J., Takahashi, Y. K., Yakushiji, K., Sepehri-Amin, H., Kubota, H., Hono, K., (2016) 61st Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, , HH-07; Ipser, H., Mikula, A., Schuster, W., (1989) Mon. für Chem, 120, p. 283},
publisher={Magnetics Society of Japan},
issn={02850192},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Magnetics Soc. Japan},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2020,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={One-Dimensional Serial Detection Using New Two-Dimensional Partial Response Target Modeling for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2020},
volume={11},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2020.2990600},
art_number={9078771},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085475742&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2020.2990600&partnerID=40&md5=02e5b0b3cb65570f2a0a3a9e32aeb9b3},
affiliation={Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a candidate technology that extends the density to up to 4 Tb/in2 to handle large amounts of data. However, in BPMR systems, the major challenge is two-dimensional (2-D) interference, which includes intersymbol interference from the down-track direction and intertrack interference from the across-track direction. To combat 2-D interference, it is natural to consider a 2-D Viterbi detection scheme. Since the complexity of pure 2-D Viterbi detection is quite high, we propose a series of two 1-D Viterbi detectors, which is based on new 2-D partial response (PR) target modeling for the BPMR channel. The use of new 2-D PR target model and the two serial 1-D Viterbi detection scheme ensures that the complexity is greatly reduced compared to 2-D Viterbi detection and the bit error rate performance is improved. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  Information storage;  intersymbol interference;  partial response maximum likelihood;  soft-output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Magnetic circuits;  Magnetic materials, 2-d interferences;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Down-track direction;  Inter-track interferences;  Large amounts of data;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, NRF-2019R1FA1046899},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the Korea Government (MSIT) under Grant NRF-2019R1FA1046899.},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-Track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 3899-3908; Chen, T., Gao, X., Chen, G., The features, hardware, and architectures of data center networks: A survey (2016) J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., 96, pp. 45-74; Jeong, S., Kim, J., Lee, J., Performance of bit-patterned media recording according to island patterns (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 3100804; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Three typical bit position patterns of bit-patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Magn. Lett., 9, p. 4505404; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Signal detection under multipath intersymbol interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording systems (2019) IEEE Magn. Lett., 10, p. 6501005; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft outputViterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans.Magn., 47, pp. 594-597; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative decoding between two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm and error correcting modulation code for holographic data storage (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, p. 09MB02; Moon, W., Im, S., Performance of the contraction mapping-based iterative twodimensional equalizer for bit-patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 2620-2623; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2274-2276; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Improving SOVA output using extrinsic informations for bit patterned media recording (2015) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Consum. Electron., pp. 136-137; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 3101304; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Twin iterative detection for bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 8109304; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified Viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 3000710; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkook, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C, pp. 528-533; Zheng, N., Venkataraman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-D signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans.Magn., 50, p. 3100906; Zheng, N., Zhang, T., Design of low-complexity 2-D SOVA detector for shingled magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 3100707; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of Information Communication Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2020,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Modulation code and multilayer perceptron decoding for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2020},
volume={11},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2020.2993000},
art_number={9089283},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084752180&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2020.2993000&partnerID=40&md5=cd6740eda73ae126673a95760feacee6},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={In a bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system, reducing the spacing between adjacent bit islands in the down- and cross-track directions increases areal density; however, two-dimensional (2-D) interference comprising intersymbol and intertrack interferences degrades the system performance. To mitigate error patterns that increase the 2-D interference in BPMRs, 2-D modulation coding schemes have been proposed. In this letter, we present a modulation code and its decoding using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for BPMRs. Modulation decoding using an MLP can achieve significantly better performance than that using the minimum Euclidean distance, which is generally used to decode received modulated data. Similarly, when comparing the system performance at the same user density, modulation decoding using an MLP at 3 Tb/in2 shows better performance than an uncoded system (partial response maximum-likelihood detector) at 2 Tb/in2 © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  decoding;  Information storage;  modulation code;  multilayer perceptron},
keywords={Decoding;  Maximum likelihood;  Multilayers, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Minimum euclidean distances;  Modulation coding schemes;  Multi layer perceptron;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Modulation},
funding_details={Ministry of Trade, Industry and EnergyMinistry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOTIE, 20184010201690},
funding_details={Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and PlanningKorea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, KETEP},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Human Resources Program in Energy Technology program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (20184010201690).},
references={Cao, C., Li, D., Fair, I., Deep learning-based decoding of constrained sequence codes (2019) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 37, pp. 2532-2543; Chollet, F., (2018) Deep Learning with Python, , 1st ed., Shelter Island, NY, USA:Manning Publications; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55, p. 3100704; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 08KB04; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3101204; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nanomasks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3523-3526; Nair, S.K., Moon, J., Data storage channel equalization using neural networks (1997) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 8, pp. 1037-1048; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3535-3538; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 3101207; Nishikawa, M., Nakamura, Y., Kanai, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., A study on iterative decoding with LLR modulator by neural network using adjacent track information in SMR system (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55, p. 6701305; Saito, H., Concatenated coding schemes for high areal density bitpatterned media magnetic recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 3100210; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options forHDDstorage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 917-923},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akagi2020,
author={Akagi, F. and Matsushima, N.},
title={Effects of dot-position dispersion of BPM, thermal distribution, and head field gradient on bit error rate for HAMR},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2020},
volume={59},
number={SE},
doi={10.7567/1347-4065/ab4f34},
art_number={SEEC01},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082759733&doi=10.7567%2f1347-4065%2fab4f34&partnerID=40&md5=a1929925eb0be1e2ecca72adcd40014b},
affiliation={School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic, Kogakuin University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={The effects of dot-position dispersion, thermal distribution, and the head field gradients in a cross-Track direction on bit error rates for heat-Assisted magnetic recording with bit-patterned media were studied using a micromagnetic simulation to achieve an areal recording density of 2.5 Tb in-2. A large dot-position dispersion in a cross-Track direction causes on-Track bit errors when the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the thermal distribution was equal to or lower than 25 nm. This is because the centers of the dots with errors were set to be unrecordable in the thermal attenuation area. When the FWHM was larger than 25 nm, there were bit errors for all dot-position dispersion. The bit errors were caused by rewriting, which occurred during thermal fluctuations. The bit error of the down-Track direction was more than that of the cross-Track direction. Because of these results, the track width should be as narrow as possible. © 2019 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Dispersions;  Errors;  Full width at half maximum;  Magnetic field effects, Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media;  Down-track direction;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Thermal attenuation;  Thermal distributions;  Thermal fluctuations, Bit error rate},
references={Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38 (3S), p. 1839; Ushiyama, J., Akagi, F., Ando, A., Miyamoto, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 3612; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju.g, Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Ho, H., Sharma, A.A., Ong, W.-L., Malen, J.A., Bain, J.A., Zhu, J.-G., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103; Nakagawa, K., Kimura, K., Hayashi, Y., Tamura, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., (2018) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 57 (9S2); Matsumoto, T., Akagi, F., Mochizuki, M., Miyamoto, H., (2012) Opt. Express, 20, p. 18946; Stipe, B.C., (2010) Nat. Photonics, 4, p. 484; Seigler, M.A., ODS Topical Meeting and Tabletop Exhibit, TuA1, 2007; Akagi, F., Ushiyama, J., Ando, A., Miyamoto, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 3667; Ding, Y.F., Chen, J.S., Lim, B.C., Hu, J.F., Liu, B., Ju, G., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93; Rea, C.J., (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53; Liu, Z., (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55; Wang, S., Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74; Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117; Pandey, H., Wang, J., Shiroyama, T., Ch.b.s.d, Varaprasad, S., Sepehri-Amin, H., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52; Kief, M.T., Victora, R.H., (2018) MRS Bull., 43, p. 87; Hono, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Ju, G., Thiele, J.-U., Ajan, A., Yang, X.M., Ruiz, R., Wan, L., (2018) MRS Bull., 43, p. 93; Kobayashi, T., Nakatani, Y., Fujiwara, Y., (2018) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 42, p. 127; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Akagi, F., Watanabe, K., Igarashi, M., Miyamoto, H., ICAUMS2012, 4pPS-117, 2012; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Akagi, F., Watanabe, K., Igarashi, M., Miyamoto, H., IEICE Technical Report MR2012-2, 2012; Zhu, J.-G., Dev, R., (2019) Mater. Sci., 10; Victora, R.H., Ahmed, R., Krivosik, P., Erden, M.F., Digest of the 30th Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC), 4, p. 21; Albrecht, T.R., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 1; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2604; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), p. 512; Brown, W.F., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 1677; Akagi, F., Igarashi, M., Yoshida, K., Nakatani, Y., Hayashi, N., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1534; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Zhou, H., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 319; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 8471},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Luo2020,
author={Luo, K. and Wang, S. and Xie, G. and Chen, W. and Chen, J. and Lu, P. and Cheng, W.},
title={Read channel modeling and neural network block predictor for two-dimensional magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2020},
volume={56},
number={1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2019.2950704},
art_number={8936601},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077301851&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2019.2950704&partnerID=40&md5=6fd4d8554d4c9eeae1223a0c57e41b3b},
affiliation={Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Information Storage System, Engineering Research Center of Data Storage Systems and Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China},
abstract={Various schemes have been investigated to study the modeling of recording media, the writing/reading process, and the information recovery in magnetic recording systems, such as two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) and bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). As the bit scales down to the size of the media particles, the channel modeling and simulation become more complicated because of the increasing media noise. Meanwhile, it relies on more powerful 2-D signal-processing algorithms error control codes. The contributions of this article are three-fold: 1) we improve the read process in terms of our proposed reliability for read response that captures the effects of inter-track interference (ITI), inter-symbol interference (ISI), and the randomness of grains; 2) we present a neural network block predictor (NNBP) and a logistic regression method to provide heuristic methods in studying data recovery; and 3) we investigate the most possible harmful transitions and patterns. Results show the NNBP achieves good performance and is good at detecting those totally isolated bits that are thought to be bad patterns from an intuitive point of view. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Harmful patterns;  neural network;  read process;  two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR)},
keywords={Computer system recovery;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Neural networks;  Regression analysis;  Signal processing, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Harmful patterns;  Information recovery;  Inter-track interferences;  Logistic regression method;  Magnetic recording systems;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR);  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Heuristic methods},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61272068, 61432007, 61672246},
funding_details={Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology, HUST, 2016YXMS018},
funding_details={Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61672246, Grant 61272068, and Grant 61432007 and in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, under Grant 2016YXMS018. The authors would like to thank Dr. Y. Wang for his helpful discussion. K. Luo would like to thank all of the people who offer selfless care and help, and particularly this article is dedicated to the memory of his grandmother.},
references={Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasìc, B., Kavcic, A., Ryan, W., Erden, F., 2-D magnetic recording: Read channel modeling and detection (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3830-3836. , Oct; Garani, S.S., Dolecek, L., Barry, J., Sala, F., Vasic, B., Signal processing and coding techniques for 2-D magnetic recording: An overview (2018) Proc. IEEE, 106 (2), pp. 286-318. , Feb; Hwang, E., Negi, R., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Wood, R., Investigation of two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) with position and timing uncertainty at 4 Tb/in2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (12), pp. 4775-4780. , Dec; Matcha, C.K., Srinivasa, S.G., Generalized partial response equalization and data-dependent noise predictive signal detection over media models for TDMR (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (10). , Oct; Suzuto, R., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Effect of reader sensitivity rotation in TDMR with head skew (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Chan, K.S., User areal density optimization for conventional and 2-D detectors/decoders (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54 (2). , Feb; Hwang, E., Negi, R., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Signal processing for near 10 Tbit/in2 density in two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1813-1816. , Jun; Yamashita, M., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of neuro ITI canceller for two-dimensional magnetic recording by shingled magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3810-3813. , Jul; Sun, X., ISI/ITI turbo equalizer for TDMR using trained local area influence probabilistic model (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (4). , Apr; Han, S., Kong, G., Choi, S., A detection scheme with TMR estimation based on multi-layer perceptrons for bit patterned media recording (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7). , Jul; Zheng, N., Li, J., Dahandeh, S., Zhang, T., Self-directed equalization for magnetic recording channels with multi-sensor read head (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (1). , Jan; Koonkarnkhai, S., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative twohead two-track detection method for staggered bit-patterned magnetic recording systems (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (7). , Jul; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A constructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bit-patterned media recording system (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115. , Jan; Koonkarnkhai, S., Keeratiwintakorn, P., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Two-dimensional cross-track asymmetric target design for high-density bit-patterned media recording (2011) Proc. Int. Symp. Intell. Signal Process. Commun. Syst. (ISPACS), pp. 1-4. , Dec; Dunbar, D., Humphreys, G., A spatial data structure for fast Poisson-disk sample generation (2006) ACM Trans. Graph., 25 (3), pp. 503-508. , Jul; Barry, J.R., Optimization of bit geometry and multi-reader geometry for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (2). , Feb; Wang, Y., Frohman, S., Victora, R.H., Ideas for detection in twodimensional magnetic recording systems (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4582-4585. , Nov; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Yuan, Z., Ong, C.L., Santoso, B., Ang, S., Wang, H., Head 3D motion measurement by read sensor (2018) Proc. Asia-Pacific Magn. Recording Conf. (APMRC), p. 1. , Nov; Luo, K., A study on block-based neural network equalization in TDMR system with LDPC coding (2019) IEEE Trans. Magn., 55 (11). , Nov; Bahrami, M., Matcha, C.K., Khatami, S.M., Roy, S., Srinivasa, S.G., Vasìc, B., Investigation into harmful patterns over multitrack shingled magnetic detection using the Voronoi model (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Chen, J.; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, China; email: jcchen@hust.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Salaheldeen2019,
author={Salaheldeen, M. and Vega, V. and Fernández, A. and Prida, V.M.},
title={Anomalous in-plane coercivity behaviour in hexagonal arrangements of ferromagnetic antidot thin films},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2019},
volume={491},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165572},
art_number={165572},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069726663&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2019.165572&partnerID=40&md5=029023fd720315e1a8517445dd5520f9},
affiliation={Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt; Depto. Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca 18, Oviedo, Asturias  33007, Spain; Lab. Membranas Nanoporosas, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo s/n, Oviedo, Asturias  33006, Spain},
abstract={An anomalous magnetic behaviour has been observed for transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni) based antidot nanostructures by modifying only the lattice geometry of the nanoholes array. A series of ferromagnetic, FM, antidot arrays have been fabricated by depositing them onto nanoporous alumina membranes with different pore diameters, d, varying in the range between 32 ± 2 and 93 ± 1 nm and maintaining fixed the inter-holes distance, Dint = 103 ± 2 nm, and layer thickness, t = 20 nm, but reducing the edge-to-edge separation between adjacent antidots, (W = Dint – d). A noticeable change of the in-plane coercivity dependence with W has been observed with an in-plane critical edge to edge distance, WC//, at which the in-plane coercivity behaviour with W is changed. In addition, for antidot samples with large W the in-plane hysteresis loops show single-step magnetic behaviour. Meanwhile, the INP hysteresis loops with W &lt; WC// show multistep magnetic behaviour. The decreasing of the in-plane coercivity for FM-antidot samples with W &lt; WC// is correlated with the increase of the out-of-plane contribution to the magnetic anisotropy i.e. increase the out-of-plane coercivity with increasing the nanohole size of antidots. These findings point towards a new nanotechnological strategy of fabrication arrays of magnetic bits, i.e., basic elements for magneto-optic perpendicular recording patterned media, embedded into a continuous 2D structural system and spintronic devices. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Antidot arrays;  Kerr effect;  Nanoporous alumina templates;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Spintronics;  Thin film},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Coercive force;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Hysteresis;  Hysteresis loops;  Magnetic recording;  Optical Kerr effect;  Spintronics;  Spintronics;  Thin films;  Transition metals, Anti-dot array;  Hexagonal arrangements;  In-plane hysteresis loops;  Nano-porous alumina membranes;  Nanoporous alumina templates;  Out-of-plane coercivity;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Perpendicular recording, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO, MAT2016-76824-C3-3-R},
funding_details={Universidad de OviedoUniversidad de Oviedo},
funding_text 1={This work has been financially supported under MINECO research project n° MAT2016-76824-C3-3-R. Common Research Services (SCTs) from University of Oviedo are gratefully recognized.},
funding_text 2={This work has been financially supported under MINECO research project n? MAT2016-76824-C3-3-R. Common Research Services (SCTs) from University of Oviedo are gratefully recognized.},
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Phys., 91, p. 7992; Jaafar, M., Navas, D., Asenjo, A., Vázquez, M., Hernández-Vélez, M., García-Martín, J.M., Magnetic domain structure of nanohole arrays in Ni films (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101 (9), p. 09F513; Rahman, M.T., Shams, N.N., Lai, C.H., A large-area mesoporous array of magnetic nanostructure with perpendicular anisotropy integrated on Si wafers (2008) Nanotechnology, 19; Lenk, B., Ulrichs, H., Garbs, F., Münzenberg, M., The building blocks of magnonics (2011) Phys. Rep., 507, pp. 107-136; Yu, H., Duerr, G., Huber, R., Bahr, M., Schwarze, T., Brandl, F., Grundler, D., Omnidirectional spin-wave nanograting coupler (2013) Nat. Commun., 4, p. 2702; Morgan, J.P., Stein, A., Langridge, S., Marrows, C.H., Thermal ground-state ordering and elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice (2011) Nat. 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Phys., 109, p. 07B906; Béron, F., Kaidatzis, A., Velo, M.F., Arzuza, L.C.C., Palmero, E.M., del Real, R.P., Niarchos, D., García-Martín, J.M., Nanometer scale hard/soft bilayer magnetic antidots (2016) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11, pp. 1-11; Wiedwald, U., Gräfe, J., Lebecki, K.M., Skripnik, M., Haering, F., Schütz, G., Ziemann, P., Nowak, Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices (2016) Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 7, pp. 733-750; Saldanha, D.R., Dugato, D.A., Mori, T.J.A., Daudt, N.F., Dorneles, L.S., Denardin, J.C., Tailoring the magnetic and magneto- transport properties of Pd/Co multilayers and pseudo-spin valve antidots (2018) J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 51; Castán-Guerrero, C., Herrero-Albillos, J., Bartolomé, J., Bartolomé, F., Rodríguez, L.A., Magén, C., Kronast, F., García, L.M., Magnetic antidot to dot crossover in Co and Py nanopatterned thin films (2014) Phys. Rev. B – Condens. Matter Mater. 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Mater., 290-291, pp. 149-152; Prieto, P., Pirota, K.R., Vazquez, M., Sanz, J.M., Fabrication and magnetic characterization of permalloy antidot arrays (2008) Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Mater. Sci., 205, pp. 363-367; Castán-Guerrero, C., Sesé, J., Bartolomé, J., Bartolomé, F., Herrero-Albillos, J., Kronast, F., Strichovanec, P., García, L.M., Fabrication and Magnetic Characterization of Cobalt Antidot Arrays: Effect of the Surrounding Continuous Film (2012) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 12, pp. 7437-7441; Castán-Guerrero, C., Bartolomé, J., Bartolomé, F., García, L.M., Sesé, J., Strichovanec, P., Herrero-Albillos, J., Vavassori, P., Coercivity dependence on periodicity of Co and Py antidot arrays (2013) J. Korean Phys. Soc., 62, pp. 1521-1524; Coey, J.M.D., (2010) Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, , Cambridge University Press; Abo, G.S., Hong, Y.K., Park, J., Lee, J., Lee, W., Choi, B.C., Definition of magnetic exchange length (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 4937-4939; Krupinski, M., Mitin, D., Zarzycki, A., Szkudlarek, A., Giersig, M., Albrecht, M., Marszałek, M., Magnetic transition from dot to antidot regime in large area Co/Pd nanopatterned arrays with perpendicular magnetization (2017) Nanotechnology., 28},
correspondence_address1={Salaheldeen, M.; Physics Department, Egypt; email: UO253675@uniovi.es},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fabris2019,
author={Fabris, F. and Tu, K.-H. and Ross, C.A. and Nunes, W.C.},
title={Influence of dipolar interactions on the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic particle systems},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2019},
volume={126},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.5125595},
art_number={173905},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074650740&doi=10.1063%2f1.5125595&partnerID=40&md5=040760babef7e6d38b129b9f8dc9d5e4},
affiliation={Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-346, Brazil; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA  02139, United States},
abstract={Magnetic effects caused by dipolar interactions in single-domain magnetic ensembles at finite temperatures are described. A modified superparamagnetic approach based on the mean field theory and random anisotropy model has been developed to describe the magnetization curves of nanoparticle assemblies. The model was used to fit experimental zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves in Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles embedded in paraffin. The fitting parameters were based on structural properties of the materials and the strength of the interactions between nanoparticles. The model provides a quantitative description of the effects of the nanoparticle interaction with good agreement with the experiment. In addition, the model was adapted to describe magnetic properties of a NiFe thin film patterned into a nanodot array, showing potential to be used as a framework to predict magnetic interaction effects in high-density 2D arrays such as bit patterned media. © 2019 Author(s).},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetization;  Mean field theory;  Superparamagnetism, Field-cooled magnetization curves;  Magnetic interactions;  Magnetization curves;  Nanoparticle assemblies;  Nanoparticle interaction;  Quantitative description;  Random anisotropy models;  Superparamagnetic particles, Nanoparticles},
funding_details={Semiconductor Research CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation, SRC},
funding_details={Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA},
funding_details={Microelectronics Advanced Research CorporationMicroelectronics Advanced Research Corporation, MARCO},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_text 1={C.A.R. acknowledges support from C-SPIN, a STARnet Center of SRC supported by MARCO and DARPA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). Facilities in the MIT NanoStructures Laboratory and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering (Award No. NSF DMR 1419807) were used. W.C.N. acknowledges the Brazilian agencies CNPq, CAPES, and FAPERJ.},
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B, 65; Cangussu, D., Nunes, W.C., Corrêa, H.L.D.S., Macedo, W.A.D.A., Knobel, M., Alves, O.L., Filho, A.G.S., Mazali, I.O., γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles dispersed in porous vycor glass: A magnetically diluted integrated system (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (1); Nunes, W.C., Cebollada, F., Knobel, M., Zanchet, D., Effects of dipolar interactions on the magnetic properties of γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles in the blocked state (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8); Bender, P., Wetterskog, E., Honecker, D., Fock, J., Frandsen, C., Moerland, C., Bogart, L.K., Johansson, C., Dipolar-coupled moment correlations in clusters of magnetic nanoparticles (2018) Phys. Rev. B, 98; Nunes, W.C., Folly, W.S.D., Sinnecker, J.P., Novak, M.A., Temperature dependence of the coercive field in single-domain particle systems (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70; Mao, Z., Chen, D., He, Z., Equilibrium magnetic properties of dipolar interacting ferromagnetic nanoparticles (2008) J. Magn. Magn. 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Lett., 78, pp. 1791-1794; Zhang, Y.D., Budnick, J.I., Hines, W.A., Chien, C.L., Xiao, J.Q., Effect of magnetic field on the superparamagnetic relaxation in granular Co-Ag samples (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 72 (16), pp. 2053-2055; Victora, R.H., Predicted time dependence of the switching field for magnetic materials (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, pp. 457-460; Respaud, M., Broto, J.M., Rakoto, H., Fert, A.R., Thomas, L., Barbara, B., Verelst, M., Chaudret, B., Surface effects on the magnetic properties of ultrafine cobalt particles (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, pp. 2925-2935},
correspondence_address1={Nunes, W.C.; Instituto de Física, Niterói, Brazil; email: wnunes@if.uff.br},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhou2019,
author={Zhou, C. and Dolejsi, M. and Xiong, S. and Ren, J. and Ashley, E.M. and Craig, G.S.W. and Nealey, P.F.},
title={Combining double patterning with self-assembled block copolymer lamellae to fabricate 10.5 nm full-pitch line/space patterns},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2019},
volume={30},
number={45},
doi={10.1088/1361-6528/ab34f6},
art_number={455302},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071715431&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6528%2fab34f6&partnerID=40&md5=94bd5663c6dbc897f5d353585a5a2f0d},
affiliation={Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL  60637, United States; School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Lam Research Corporation, 4650 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={Directed self-assembly of block copolymers and self-aligned double patterning are two commonly used pitch scaling techniques to increase the density of lithographic features. In this work, both of these pitch scaling techniques were combined, enabling patterning at even higher densities. In this process, directed self-assembly of a high-χ block copolymer was used to form a line/space pattern, which served as a template for mandrels. Via these mandrels, atomic layer deposition was used to deposit a thin aluminium oxide spacer. By this method, a total pitch scaling factor of 8, equivalent to a 10.5 nm full pitch, was reached. The types of defects and the line roughness at the different steps of the process were discussed. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  block copolymer;  directed self-assembly;  self-aligned double patterning;  sequential infiltration synthesis},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Atomic layer deposition, Aluminium oxide;  Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Double patterning;  Scaling factors;  Self-aligned double patterning, Block copolymers},
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SPIE, 9051; Doerk, G.S., Gao, H., Wan, L., Lille, J., Patel, K.C., Chapuis, Y.-A., Ruiz, R., Albrecht, T.R., Transfer of self-aligned spacer patterns for single-digit nanofabrication (2015) Nanotechnology, 26 (8); Dallorto, S., Staaks, D., Schwartzberg, A., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Rangelow, I.W., Cabrini, S., Olynick, D.L., Atomic layer deposition for spacer defined double patterning of sub-10 nm titanium dioxide features (2018) Nanotechnology, 29 (40); Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R., Yin, J., Kim, J., Lin, G., The limits of lamellae-forming PS- b -PMMA block copolymers for lithography (2015) ACS Nano, 9, pp. 7506-7514; Peng, Q., Tseng, Y.-C., Darling, S.B., Elam, J.W., A route to nanoscopic materials via sequential infiltration synthesis on block copolymer templates (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 4600-4606; Tseng, Y.-C., Peng, Q., Ocola, L.E., Elam, J.W., Darling, S.B., Enhanced block copolymer lithography using sequential infiltration synthesis (2011) J. Phys. Chem., 115, pp. 17725-17729; Segal-Peretz, T., Quantitative three-dimensional characterization of block copolymer directed self-assembly on combined chemical and topographical prepatterned templates (2017) ACS Nano, 11, pp. 1307-1319; Nam, C.-Y., Stein, A., Kisslinger, K., Direct fabrication of high aspect-ratio metal oxide nanopatterns via sequential infiltration synthesis in lithographically defined SU-8 templates (2015) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 33; Ren, J., Zhou, C., Chen, X., Dolejsi, M., Craig, G.S.W., Rincon Delgadillo, P.A., Segal-Peretz, T., Nealey, P.F., Engineering the kinetics of directed self-assembly of block copolymers toward fast and defect-free assembly (2018) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, pp. 23414-23423; Liu, C.-C., Han, E., Onses, M.S., Thode, C.J., Ji, S., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Fabrication of lithographically defined chemically patterned polymer brushes and mats (2011) Macromolecules, 44, pp. 1876-1885; Xiong, S., Wan, L., Ishida, Y., Chapuis, Y.-A., Craig, G.S.W., Ruiz, R., Nealey, P.F., Directed self-assembly of triblock copolymer on chemical patterns for sub-10 nm nanofabrication via solvent annealing (2016) ACS Nano, 10, pp. 7855-7865; Pathangi, H., Defect mitigation and root cause studies in 14 nm half-pitch chemo-epitaxy directed self-assembly LiNe flow (2015) J. 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Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Williamson, L.D., Seidel, R.N., Chen, X., Suh, H.S., Rincon Delgadillo, P., Gronheid, R., Nealey, P.F., Three-tone chemical patterns for block copolymer directed self-assembly (2016) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, pp. 2704-2712; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., Precise control over molecular dimensions of block-copolymer domains using the interfacial energy of chemically nanopatterned substrates (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, pp. 1315-1319},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
pubmed_id={31342916},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Song2019,
author={Song, M. and Luo, S. and Li, X. and Zhang, S. and Luo, Q. and Guo, Z. and Hong, J. and Zhou, B. and Gu, H. and Lee, O. and You, L.},
title={Spin-Orbit Torque-Driven Magnetic Switching of Co/Pt-CoFeB Exchange Spring Ferromagnets},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2019},
volume={55},
number={8},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2019.2911571},
art_number={8705687},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069783149&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2019.2911571&partnerID=40&md5=23cec6ed70151c5b7d9e58d7a7d7f591},
affiliation={Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China; School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea},
abstract={We experimentally investigate spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of a hybrid exchange spring system (ESS) in which a Co/Pt with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is coupled to a CoFeB thin film with an in-plane (IP) magnetic anisotropy (IMA). The magnetization tilt angle from the out-of-plane can be easily tuned by varying the thickness of the IMA layer due to the competition between PMA and IMA layers. We find that the tilt angle is highly tuned from 0° to 90° over a small range of CoFeB thicknesses, from 0 to 1 nm. The tilted films with high thermal stability are promising materials for a zero/low field operating SOT magnetic random access memory (MRAM) or for a bit patterned magnetic recording media. IP current-induced magnetization switching of Co/Pt-CoFeB ESS is also studied, under an IP magnetic field (HIP). The current amplitude for the 45° tilt magnetization switching is almost independent of the HIP ranged from 50 to 1000 Oe. This phenomenon might be due to the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and DMI effective field is expected to be less than 50 Oe. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI);  exchange spring system (ESS);  spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching;  titling magnetization},
keywords={Cobalt compounds;  Films;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization;  MRAM devices;  Platinum compounds;  Random access storage;  Switching, Current-induced magnetization switching;  Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction;  Exchange springs;  Magnetic random access memory;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetization switching;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Spin orbits, Iron compounds},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61674062, 61821003},
funding_details={Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyKorea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST, 2E29410},
funding_details={Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, 2018KFYXKJC019},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank Prof. S. Salahuddin from the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, for his help on this paper. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61674062 and Grant 61821003 and in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant HUST: 2018KFYXKJC019. The work of O. Lee was supported by the KIST Institutional Program under Grant 2E29410.},
references={Mangin, S., Ravelosona, D., Katine, J.A., Carey, M.J., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy (2006) Nature Mater., 5, pp. 210-215. , Feb; Zhu, X., Zhu, J.-G., Spin torque and field-driven perpendicular MRAM designs scalable to multi-Gb/chip capacity (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2739-2741. , Oct; Sbiaa, R., Law, R., Tan, E.-L., Liew, T., Spin transfer switching enhancement in perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions with a canted in-plane spin polarizer (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105. , Jan; Chung, S., Tunable spin configuration in [Co/Ni]-NiFe spring magnets (2013) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 46. , Feb; Wang, J.P., Zou, Y.Y., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Zheng, Y.F., Approaches to tilted magnetic recording for extremely high areal density (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1930-1935. , Jul; Albrecht, M., Magnetic multilayers on nanospheres (2005) Nature Mater., 4, pp. 203-206. , Feb; Wang, J.-P., Magnetic data storage: Tilting for the top (2005) Nature Mater., 4 (3), pp. 191-192; Houssameddine, D., Spin-torque oscillator using a perpendicular polarizer and a planar free layer (2007) Nature Mater., 6, pp. 447-453. , Apr; Rippard, W.H., Spin-transfer dynamics in spin valves with outof-plane magnetized CoNi free layers (2010) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 81. , Jan; You, L., Switching of perpendicularly polarized nanomagnets with spin orbit torque without an external magnetic field by engineering a tilted anisotropy (2015) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 10310-10315. , Aug; Zheng, Y.F., Wang, J.P., Ng, V., Control of the tilted orientation of CoCrPt/Ti thin film media by collimated sputtering (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8007. , May; Nguyen, T.N.A., [Co/Pd]-NiFe exchange springs with tunable magnetization tilt angle (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98. , Mar; Lee, O.J., Central role of domain wall depinning for perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin torque from the spin Hall effect (2014) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 89. , Jan; Cao, J., Spin orbit torques induced magnetization reversal through asymmetric domain wall propagation in Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures (2018) Sci. Rep., 8. , Jan; Burrowes, C., Low depinning fields in Ta-CoFeB-MgO ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103. , Oct; Yang, H., Thiaville, A., Rohart, S., Fert, A., Chshiev, M., Anatomy of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at Co/Pt interfaces (2015) Phys. Rev. Lett., 115. , Dec; Emori, S., Bauer, U., Ahn, S.-M., Martinez, E., Beach, G.S.D., Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls (2013) Nature Mater., 12, pp. 611-616. , Jun; Haazen, P.P.J., Murè, E., Franken, J.H., Lavrijsen, R., Swagten, H.J.M., Koopmans, B., Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect (2013) Nature Mater., 12, pp. 299-303. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={You, L.; School of Optical and Electronic Information, China; email: lyou@hust.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Menarini2019350,
author={Menarini, M. and Lubarda, M.V. and Chang, R. and Li, S. and Fu, S. and Livshitz, B. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Micromagnetic simulator for complex granular systems based on Voronoi tessellation},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2019},
volume={482},
pages={350-357},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.03.021},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063075245&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2019.03.021&partnerID=40&md5=acd457b7b84be425fa144882c9302871},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA  92093, United States; Faculty of Polytechnics, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, 81000, Montenegro; Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA  94588, United States},
abstract={A micromagnetic code based on Voronoi tessellation and the non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) method is presented. The code is capable of efficiently and accurately simulating magnetization dynamics in large and structurally complex granular systems, such as multilayer granular media used for perpendicular magnetic recording, bit patterned media, granular nanowires, and read heads. In these systems the granular microstructure and distributions in grain and interface properties play an important role in device performance. The presented Voronoi simulator allows comprehensive studies to be performed as it accounts for the detailed granular microstructure and distributions that characterize true systems. Simulation time is greatly reduced by a non-uniform fast Fourier transform algorithm and implementation on graphics processing units (GPUs). Simulations of conventional magnetic recording, heat-assisted magnetization reversal, domain wall dynamics in granular nanowires, and particulate tape recording are presented. © 2019},
author_keywords={Domain wall;  GPU-accelerated;  Granular structure;  Micromagnetic;  Simulations;  Voronoi},
keywords={Computational geometry;  Computer graphics;  Domain walls;  Fast Fourier transforms;  Granular materials;  Graphics processing unit;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Microstructure;  Nanowires;  Program processors, GPU-accelerated;  Granular structuress;  Micromagnetics;  Simulations;  Voronoi, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1117911, 1202583},
funding_text 1={Support from the Western Digital Corporation and NSF grants #1117911 and #1202583 is gratefully acknowledged. The first two authors contributed equally to the work.},
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Matter, 22 (17); d'Aquino, M., Serpico, C., Coppola, G., Mayergoyz, I., Bertotti, G., Midpoint numerical technique for stochastic landau-lifshitz-gilbert dynamics (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), p. 08B905; d'Aquino, M., Serpico, C., Miano, G., Geometrical integration of landau–lifshitz–gilbert equation based on the mid-point rule (2005) J. Comput. Phys., 209 (2), pp. 730-753; Li, S., Chang, R., Boag, A., Lomakin, V., Fast electromagnetic integral-equation solvers on graphics processing units (2012) IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 54 (5), pp. 71-87; Fu, S., Parallel Computation with Fast Algorithms for Micromagnetic Simulations on gpus (2016), UC San Diego Ph.D. thesis; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., Snr and density limit estimates: a comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9; Renders, H., Schoukens, J., Vilain, G., High-accuracy spectrum analysis of sampled discrete frequency signals by analytical leakage compensation (1984) IEEE Trans. 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correspondence_address1={Menarini, M.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, United States; email: m1menari@eng.ucsd.edu},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Srivastava2019,
author={Srivastava, S.K. and Hussain, R. and Hauet, T. and Piraux, L.},
title={Magnetization reversal and switching field distribution in Co-Tb based bit patterned media},
journal={AIP Conference Proceedings},
year={2019},
volume={2115},
doi={10.1063/1.5113321},
art_number={030482},
note={cited By 5; Conference of 63rd DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2018, DAE-SSPS 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 December 2018 Through 22 December 2018;  Conference Code:149516},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069785144&doi=10.1063%2f1.5113321&partnerID=40&md5=e9b3b7564f1bbedf481cca0a3d42e0c8},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Central Institute of Technology, BTAD, Kokrajhar, Assam, India; Institut Jean Lamour, Universite de Lorraine, CNRS, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, F-54506, France; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Universitecatholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium},
abstract={We have fabricated ordered array of ferromagnetic nanodots, so-called nanobumps by depositing Ta(5nm)/Pt(5nm)/Co88Tb12(5nm)/Cu(2nm)/Pt(5nm) mutilayers onto the barrier layer of auto-assembled anodic alumina template with 100nm period. The same multilayers was deposited on a flat Si/SiOx substrate (the so-called reference sample) for comparison. We used extraordinary Hall Effect (EHE) measurements to probe magnetization reversal mechanism and switching field distribution (SFD) of these two kinds of materials. The extraordinary Hall resistivity measurements were performed by a standard four-probe method. The measurement of the coercivity as a function of magnetic field angle with respect to the sample surface reveal that ferromagnetic nanodots follow Stoner-Wohlfarth model with a shallower variation, which is typical of a dot-by-dot reversal but with a nucleation/propagation process for each dot. On the other hand, multilayers deposited on flat substrate follow Kondorskey model, which indicate nucleation/ propagation type reversal. Finally, we have calculated switching field distribution for nanobump material. © 2019 Author(s).},
funding_details={ECR/2016/000713},
funding_details={Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS},
funding_text 1={SKS would like to thanks FNRS Belgium for providing post-doctoral fellowship and also to DST-SERB, India for granting project fund through “Early Career Research Award” (ECR/2016/000713) to work on this subject.},
references={Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2822; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88; Ross, C., (2001) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Piraux, L., Antohe, V., Araujo, F.A., Srivastava, S.K., Hehn, M., Lacour, D., Mangin, S., Hauet, T., (2012) App. Phys. Letter, 101; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., Antohe, V.A., Lacour, D., Hehn, M., Montaigne, F., Araujo, F.A., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys. Moscow, 2, p. 161; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 240, p. 599},
correspondence_address1={Srivastava, S.K.; Department of Physics, India; email: sk.srivastava@cit.ac.in},
editor={Biswas A., Sharma V.K., Yusuf S.M.},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={0094243X},
isbn={9780735418516},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Conf. Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Busyatras2019830,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C.},
title={BER performance improvement using soft-information flipping method in BPMR systems},
journal={Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2019},
year={2019},
pages={830-833},
doi={10.1109/ECTI-CON47248.2019.8955423},
art_number={8955423},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 16th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2019 ; Conference Date: 10 July 2019 Through 13 July 2019;  Conference Code:156857},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078824275&doi=10.1109%2fECTI-CON47248.2019.8955423&partnerID=40&md5=0e08b237f14c4381362ebdffe4fd8b1d},
affiliation={Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Inter-track interference (ITI) cancelation is one of the considerable challenges for high areal density (AD) magnetic recording such as bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) technology. In literature, the two-dimensional (2D) modulation codes have been proposed to cancel the ITI effect which can efficiently improve the overall system performance, e.g., a rate5/6 2D modulation code. Although the rate-5/6 modulation code ensures that the readback signal of the center track will not be corrupted by severe ITI; however, both the upper and lower tracks can still be interfered by their sidetracks, which may lead to some errors in decoding process. To improve this shortcoming, we propose a bit-flipping technique that performs together with the rate-5/6 2D modulation code. Here, the relationship between the data encoding constraint and the soft-information obtained from the soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector are utilized to be a criterion for flipping the ambiguous data bits. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system is better than the conventional coded system with and without media noise and track mis-registration (TMR) effects. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2d modulation code;  Bit-flipping technique;  Bit-patterned magnetic recording;  Intertrack interference (ITI)},
keywords={Decoding;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit flipping;  Decoding process;  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Track misregistration;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Modulation},
references={Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal processing for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 730-735. , Feb; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Chang, W., Cruz, R.J., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Chang, W., Cruz, R.J., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), p. 25512554. , Oct; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , April; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3), p. 3101207. , Mar; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Warisarn, C., Busyatras, W., Myint, L.M.M., Soft-information flipping approach in multi-head multi-track BPMR systems (2018) AIP ADVANCES, 8, pp. 0565091-0565095. , Jan; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Intertrack Interference, , Ph. D thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Dec; Warisarn, C., Mitigation of TMR using energy ratio and bit-flipping techniques in multitrack multihead BPMR systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (11), p. 2600104. , Nov; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep},
sponsors={ICROS; IEEE Thailand Section; SICE},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728133614},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ishikawa2019,
author={Ishikawa, T. and Miwa, Y. and Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={MnGa (001)-Textured Film Fabricated on Thermally Oxidized Si Substrate for Application to Ion Beam Bit Patterned Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2019},
volume={55},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2889499},
art_number={8618617},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067800885&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2889499&partnerID=40&md5=91af779c2bb028be9c46c64a7007e1c9},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan},
abstract={(001)-oriented MnGa films were grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates, and ion-beam patterned films using the MnGa grown on Si substrates were fabricated. The buffer layer of Cr (20 nm)/MgO (5 nm)/CrB (5 nm)/NiTa (25 nm) was used, and highly (001)-oriented and flat Cr buffer layer was obtained by high-temperature annealing of 800 °C. The large saturation magnetization Ms of 0.58 T, which is 74% of that of the epitaxial MnGa grown on MgO (001) substrate, was confirmed by growing the MnGa on the Cr buffer layer. As well as the large Ms , the MnGa on Si substrate exhibited a large perpendicular anisotropy. By using the (001)-oriented MnGa on Si substrate, ion-beam patterned structures whose pitch sizes down to 100 nm, corresponding to the areal density of 65 Gb/in2 were obtained. These results indicate that low-cost and high-density bit patterned media (BPM) were fabricated by the ion irradiation on MnGa grown on Si substrate. Furthermore, improvement of the crystal orientation of the buffer layer will be necessary to realize the MnGa BPM with the areal density of 1 Tb/in2 and more. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  ion irradiation;  MnGa},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Buffer layers;  Chromium;  Crystal orientation;  Fabrication;  Ion beams;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Magnesia;  Saturation magnetization;  Substrates;  Terbium alloys;  Textures, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  High-temperature annealing;  MnGa;  Patterned films;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Thermally oxidized, Silicon},
funding_details={Foundation for the Promotion of Ion EngineeringFoundation for the Promotion of Ion Engineering},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 16H04328, 16K18091, 17H03249, 17K18878},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank M. Kumazawa for his assistance in experiments. This work was supported in part by the Foundation for the Promotion of Ion Engineering, in part by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant 16H04328, Grant 16K18091, Grant 17H03249, and Grant 17K18878, in part by the Project of Creation of Life Innovation Materials for Interdisciplinary, in part by the International Researcher Development of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan, and in part by the “Nanotechnology Platform Program” of MEXT, Japan. A part of this work was conducted at the Nagoya University Nanofabrication Platform.},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Chappert, C., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922; Terris, B.D., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferré, J., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Oshima, D., Modifications of structure and magnetic properties of L10 MnAl and MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (12). , Dec; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of magnetic properties of MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation for application to bit patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3608-3611. , Jul; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Switching field distribution of MnGa bit patterned film fabricated by ion beam irradiation (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54 (2). , Feb; Dong, K.F., Control of microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt films with TiN intermediate layer (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 668-674. , Feb; Maeda, T., Fabrication of highly (001) oriented L10 FePt thin film using NiTa seed layer (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3331-3333. , Oct; Wang, J., Effect of MgO underlayer misorientation on the texture and magnetic property of FePt-C granular film (2015) Acta Mater., 91, pp. 41-49. , Jun; Wang, J., Takahashi, Y.K., Yakushiji, K., Sepehri-Amin, H., Kubota, H., Hono, K., Effect of CrB insertion on the (001) texture of MgO seed layer and magnetic properties of FePt-C HAMR media (2016) Proc. 61st Annu. Conf. Magn. Magn. Mater., pp. HH-07; Mizukami, S., Composition dependence of magnetic properties in perpendicularly magnetized epitaxial thin films of Mn-Ga alloys (2012) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 85 (1), p. 0144416. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Oshima, D.; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Japan; email: oshima@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Han2019,
author={Han, S. and Kong, G. and Choi, S.},
title={A Detection Scheme with TMR Estimation Based on Multi-Layer Perceptrons for Bit Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2019},
volume={55},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2889875},
art_number={8618611},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067792308&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2889875&partnerID=40&md5=d228eab178d7f443b100a1dcc374a066},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea},
abstract={Increasing areal density in bit patterned media recording systems increases the 2-D interference from the adjacent islands in the down-track and cross-track directions. Also, nonlinear effects due to the track mis-registration (TMR) and media noise become severe as the areal density increases and degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance. In this paper, we proposed a new detection scheme based on multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to alleviate the nonlinear effects. Two MLPs are used in the proposed detection scheme and learn the channel with the nonlinear effects in the training procedure. One MLP is used for TMR estimation and the other MLP is used for data detection. The MLP-based TMR estimator estimates the TMR from the readback signals. Then, the MLP-based data detector equalizes the channel reflecting the estimated TMR and media noise and detects the data bit. Therefore, the detection scheme is robust to the effects of the TMR and media noise. The proposed detection scheme provides the improved BER performances compared to the conventional detection scheme using the 2-D equalizer filter, 1-D generalized partial response target, and Viterbi detector in the channel with the TMR and media noise. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media recording (BPMR);  media noise;  multi-layer perceptron (MLP);  track mis-registration (TMR)},
keywords={Cybernetics, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Generalized partial-response targets;  Media noise;  Multi layer perceptron;  Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs);  Track misregistration, Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Institute for Information and Communications Technology PromotionInstitute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion, IITP, IITP-2018-2018-0-01423},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, 2017R1A2B3006025},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) under Grant 2017R1A2B3006025 and in part by the Korean Government (MSIT) under the Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) support program supervised by the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) under Grant IITP-2018-2018-0-01423.},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems-The potential and the problems (2002) INTERMAG Dig. Tech. Papers, p. GA6. , Apr./May; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrack Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of Island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Mitigating the effects of track mis-registration in bit-patterned media (2008) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 1061-2065. , May; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4590-4593. , Nov; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A TMR mitigation method based on readback signal in bitpatterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. E98-C, (8), pp. 892-898. , Aug; Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., (2016) Deep Learning, , Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press; Sjöberg, J., Nonlinear black-box modeling in system identification: A unified overview (1995) Automatica, 31 (12), pp. 1691-1724; Nair, S.K., Moon, J., Data storage channel equalization using neural networks (1997) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 8 (5), pp. 1037-1048. , Sep; Choi, S., Hong, D., Nonlinear multilayer combining techniques for Bayesian equalizers using the radial basis function network as a digital magnetic storage equalizer (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2319-2321. , Sep; Burse, K., Yadav, R.N., Shrivastava, S.C., Channel equalization using neural networks: A review (2010) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. C, Appl. Rev., 40 (3), pp. 352-357. , May; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified Viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10). , Oct; Nair, V., Hinton, G.E., Rectified linear units improve restricted Boltzmann machines (2010) Proc. 27th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML), pp. 807-814; Kingma, D.P., Ba, J., (2014) Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization, , https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980, [Online]; (2014) Advanced Format Technology Brief, pp. 1-4. , HGST a Western Digital Company, HGST Inc., San Jose, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TBAFD10EN-04, Mar},
correspondence_address1={Choi, S.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: csyong@yonsei.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kanjanakunchorn2019,
author={Kanjanakunchorn, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Soft-Decision Output Encoding/Decoding Algorithms of a Rate-5/6 CITI Code in Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (BPMR) Systems},
journal={34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2019},
year={2019},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC.2019.8793326},
art_number={8793326},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2019 ; Conference Date: 23 June 2019 Through 26 June 2019;  Conference Code:150802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071491406&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC.2019.8793326&partnerID=40&md5=cd3b6202fae36f2a03954ffca19c76fd},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Nowadays, the growing demand for recording storage is steadily increasing. At high areal densities in magnetic recording system major cause of small bit and track width as a way to overcome 2D interference, which consisting of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI). One way to improve performance of this problem, we need to be handled by using 2D modulation code with a simulation model in a bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). The previous research of modulation codes such as constructive ITI (CITI) code was created based on the hard decision. In this work; however, we propose a soft decision output decoding algorithm of a rate-5/6 constructive ITI (CITI) code to utilize it in an iterative decoding process. The proposed use the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algebra in Boolean logic mappings with a modified 2D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector. When we consider the BER=10{6}, simulation results show that the proposed encoding and decoding schemes offer approximately 1.5 and 3 dB gains over the conventional coded system at 2 and 3 Tera-bit per square inch (Tb/in2), respectively. In addition, the gains of approximately 0.2 and 1.5 dBs are obtained over that of a hard decision decoding of modulation code regarding with the same code rate and the same areal density, respectively. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D interference;  2D Modulation Code;  Bit-Patterned Media Recording;  Boolean logic circuit;  log-likelihood ratio},
keywords={Boolean algebra;  Computer circuits;  Encoding (symbols);  Magnetic recording;  Modulation;  Signal encoding;  Viterbi algorithm, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Boolean logic circuits;  Log likelihood ratio;  Modulation codes, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, MSD-61I0009},
funding_text 1={This work was partly supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) and Research and Researchers for Industries (RRi) under the grant number MSD-61I0009, Thailand.},
references={Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D, Applied Physics, 40 (9), pp. R149-R177. , Apr; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. of ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A constructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bitpatterned media recording system (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115, p. 17B703; Bushing, K., A performance improvement of a rate-5/6 modulation code in bit-patterned media recording systems (2016) Proceeding of ITC-CSCC, pp. 53-56. , Okinawa Japan; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding approach of maximum transition run codes Proc. EUROCON 2005, pp. 490-493. , Belgrade, 22-24, Nov; Warisarn, C., Losuwan, T., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative inter-track interference mitigation method for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115, p. 17B732},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728132716},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun., ITC-CSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Myint2019,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Tantaswadi, P.},
title={Noise Predictive Multi-Track Joint Viterbi Detector Using Infinite Impulse Response Filter in BPMR's Multi-Track Read Channel},
journal={34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2019},
year={2019},
doi={10.1109/ITC-CSCC.2019.8793454},
art_number={8793454},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 34th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications, ITC-CSCC 2019 ; Conference Date: 23 June 2019 Through 26 June 2019;  Conference Code:150802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071486674&doi=10.1109%2fITC-CSCC.2019.8793454&partnerID=40&md5=24eda96eff9453c0786b81ce58fb27a2},
affiliation={School of Science and Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, 12160, Thailand},
abstract={For multi-track read channel of high areal density magnetic recording systems, two-dimensional (2-D) equalizer is normally considered to shape the readback signal to the desired 2-D generalized partial response (GPR) target. However, the equalizer can correlate the additive noise in the signal and the noise can become the correlated/colored noise which will have a negative impact on the performance of the detector. In the literature, a noise predictive detector using a linear noise predictor (a finite impulse response (FIR) filter) is proposed to tackle the performance loss due to the color/correlated noise. Integrating noise prediction into a detector can grow the complexity of the detector depending on the number of taps in the FIR filter. Alternatively, the noise predictor can also be implemented using an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. Moreover, IIR predictor can provide the performance gain without requiring a large number of filter's taps. Therefore, in this paper, we study the performance of a noise predictive multi-track joint detector using an IIR filter for the multi-track read channel of high areal density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. We evaluate its performance against with the multi-track joint detectors with and without conventional noise predictors using FIR filter. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  finite impulse response;  infinite impulse response;  multi-track joint detector;  noise prediction;  noise predictive Viterbi detector},
keywords={Acoustic noise measurement;  Additive noise;  Computer circuits;  Correlation detectors;  Equalizers;  FIR filters;  Impulse response, Bit-patterned media;  Finite-impulse response;  Infinite impulse response;  Multi tracks;  Noise predictions;  Viterbi detectors, IIR filters},
references={Zheng, N., Venkataranman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-d signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (6), pp. 1-6. , June; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Supnithi, P., Reduced complexity multi-track joint detector for sidetrack data estimation in high areal density bpmr (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn, 54 (11), pp. 1-5. , Nov; Coker, J.D., Eleftheriou, E., Galbraith, R.L., Hirt, W., Noise predictive maximum likelihood (npml) detection (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (1), pp. 110-117; Caroselli, J., Altekar, S.A., McEwen, P., Wolf, J.K., Improved detection for magnetic recording systems with media noise (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (5), pp. 2779-2781. , Sept; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signal dependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Select. Areas on Commn, 19 (4), pp. 730-743; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-d sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (7), pp. 1-7; Shi, S., Barry, J.R., Multitrack detection with 2d pattern-dependent noise prediction (2018) Proc. IEEE ICC, pp. 1-6. , Kansas City, MO; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Study of detectors with noise predictor for high areal density bpmr systems (2019) Proc. KST-2019, pp. 111-115. , Phuket},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781728132716},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Tech. Conf. Circuits/Syst., Comput. Commun., ITC-CSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Salaheldeen20191866,
author={Salaheldeen, M. and Méndez, M. and Vega, V. and Fernández, A. and Prida, V.M.},
title={Tuning Nanohole Sizes in Ni Hexagonal Antidot Arrays: Large Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for Spintronic Applications},
journal={ACS Applied Nano Materials},
year={2019},
volume={2},
number={4},
pages={1866-1875},
doi={10.1021/acsanm.8b02205},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069697434&doi=10.1021%2facsanm.8b02205&partnerID=40&md5=02192d4e5f5d5d8b6c19bcf2f7a95680},
affiliation={Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, Oviedo Asturias, 33007, Spain; Laboratorio de Membranas Nanoporosas, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo S/n, Oviedo Asturias, 33006, Spain},
abstract={Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in transition metal thin films offers a pathway for enabling the interesting physics of nanomagnetism and developing a wide range of spintronics applications. We demonstrate a simple method to obtain Ni thin films with PMA by depositing them onto nanoporous anodic alumina membranes (NPAAMs), with different pore diameters varying in the range between 32 ± 2 and 93 ± 1 nm. Thus, several sets of Ni antidot arrays thin films have been fabricated with different hole diameters, 35 nm ≤ d ≤ 89 nm, and fixed interhole distances, Dint, around 103 ± 2 nm but reducing the edge-to-edge separation between adjacent antidots, (W = Dint - d), and in two different situations, by considering that W is well above or below the layer thickness, t, of the thin film. The crossover from the in-plane magnetization to out of plane magnetization in a ferromagnetic thin film has been achieved by modifying only the nanopore size of the patterned anodic alumina template and the experimental results were supported by micromagnetic simulations performed with Mumax3 code. A dramatic change in the coercivity, HC, dependence with d and W parameters has been observed with a critical nanohole diameter, dc, at which the appearance of the perpendicular magnetization is observed. The decreasing of the in-plane coercivity for samples with d &gt; 75 nm is due to the weakened of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy and the rising of the out of plane component. The effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density for Ni antidot thin film with d = 90 nm and t = 20 nm is around 1.44 erg/cm2, larger than that obtained by traditional approaches for Ni films with PMA (0.03-0.2 erg/cm2). These findings point toward antidot thin films as novel routes to engineer the magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic metal with large PMA, which might entail a milestone for future applications in bit patterned magneto-optic perpendicular recording media and spintronic devices. © 2019 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={magneto-optic Kerr effect;  nanoporous anodic alumina templates;  perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  spintronics;  thin film antidot arrays},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Aluminum sheet;  Coercive force;  Deposition;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Film thickness;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Spintronics;  Spintronics;  Transition metals, Anti-dot array;  In-plane magnetic anisotropy;  Magneto-optic Kerr effect;  Nanoporous anodic alumina templates;  Nanoporous anodic aluminas;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetization;  Perpendicular recording media, Thin films},
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Phys., 104, p. 093708; Vansteenkiste, A., Leliaert, J., Dvornik, M., Helsen, M., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Van Waeyenberge, B., The Design and Verification of MuMax3 (2014) AIP Adv., 4, p. 107133; Castán-Guerrero, C., Herrero-Albillos, J., Bartolomé, J., Bartolomé, F., Rodríguez, L.A., Magén, C., Kronast, F., Garcia, L.M., Magnetic Antidot to Dot Crossover in Co and Py Nanopatterned Thin Films (2014) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 89, p. 144405; Béron, F., Kaidatzis, A., Velo, M.F., Arzuza, L.C.C., Palmero, E.M., Del Real, R.P., Niarchos, D., García-Martín, J.M., Nanometer Scale Hard/Soft Bilayer Magnetic Antidots (2016) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11, p. 1182; Saldanha, D.R., Dugato, D.A., Mori, T.J.A., Daudt, N.F., Dorneles, L.S., Denardin, J.C., Tailoring the Magnetic and Magneto- Transport Properties of Pd/Co Multilayers and Pseudo-Spin Valve Antidots (2018) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 51, p. 395001; Leitao, D.C., Ventura, J., Sousa, C.T., Teixeira, J.M., Sousa, J.B., Jaafar, M., Asenjo, A., Araujo, J.P., Tailoring the Physical Properties of Thin Nanohole Arrays Grown on Flat Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates (2012) Nanotechnology, 23, p. 425701; Nguyen, T.N.A., Fedotova, J., Kasiuk, J., Bayev, V., Kupreeva, O., Lazarouk, S., Manh, D.H., Maximenko, A., Applied Surface Science Effect of Flattened Surface Morphology of Anodized Aluminum Oxide Templates on the Magnetic Properties of Nanoporous Co/Pt and Co/Pd Thin Multilayered Films (2018) Appl. Surf. Sci., 427, pp. 649-655; Béron, F., Pirota, K.R., Vega, V., Prida, V.M., Fernández, A., Hernando, B., Knobel, M., An Effective Method to Probe Local Magnetostatic Properties in a Nanometric FePd Antidot Array (2011) New J. Phys., 13, p. 013035; Fettar, F., Cagnon, L., Rougemaille, N., Three-Dimensional Magnetization Profile and Multiaxes Exchange Bias in Co Antidot Arrays (2010) Appl. Phys. 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Lett., 90, p. 192501; Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Fidler, J., Dymerska, B., Suess, D., Albrecht, M., Contribution of the Easy Axis Orientation, Anisotropy Distribution and Dot Size on the Switching Field Distribution of Bit Patterned Media (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062505; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., Reversal Mechanisms in Perpendicularly Magnetized Nanostructures (2008) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 78, p. 024414; Yanagishita, T., Nishio, K., Masuda, H., Fabrication of Metal Nanohole Arrays with High Aspect Ratios Using Two-Step Replication of Anodic Porous Alumina (2005) Adv. Mater., 17, pp. 2241-2243; Jaafar, M., Navas, D., Asenjo, A., Vázquez, M., Hernández-Velez, M., García-Martín, J.M., Magnetic Domain Structure of Nanohole Arrays in Ni Films (2007) J. Appl. 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Phys., 75, p. 6424; Hu, X.K., Sievers, S., Muller, A., Janke, V., Schumacher, H.W., Classification of Super Domains and Super Domain Walls in Permalloy Antidot Lattices (2011) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 84, p. 024404; Heyderman, L.J., Nolting, F., Backes, D., Czekaj, S., Lopez-Diaz, L., Kläui, M., Rüdiger, U., Fischer, P., Magnetization Reversal in Cobalt Antidot Arrays (2006) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 73, p. 214429; Krupinski, M., Mitin, D., Zarzycki, A., Szkudlarek, A., Giersig, M., Albrecht, M., Marszałek, M., Magnetic Transition from Dot to Antidot Regime in Large Area Co/Pd Nanopatterned Arrays with Perpendicular Magnetization (2017) Nanotechnology, 28, p. 085302; Manzin, A., Bottauscio, O., Micromagnetic Modelling of the Anisotropy Properties of Permalloy Antidot Arrays with Hexagonal Symmetry (2012) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 45, p. 095001; Kronmüller, H., Parkin, S., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, p. 695. , Wiley: New York; Abo, G.S., Hong, Y.K., Park, J., Lee, J., Lee, W., Choi, B.C., Definition of Magnetic Exchange Length (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 4937-4939; Ladak, S., Walton, S.K., Zeissler, K., Tyliszczak, T., Read, D.E., Branford, W.R., Cohen, L.F., Disorder-independent control of magnetic monopole defect population in artificial spin-ice honeycombs (2012) New J. Phys., 14, p. 045010; Farhan, A., Derlet, P.M., Anghinolfi, L., Kleibert, A., Heyderman, L.J., Magnetic charge and moment dynamics in artificial kagome spin ice (2017) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 96, p. 064409},
correspondence_address1={Salaheldeen, M.; Physics Department, Egypt; email: UO253675@uniovi.es},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={25740970},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Nano Mat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Myint2019111,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Study of Detectors with Noise Predictor for High Areal Density BPMR Systems},
journal={2019 11th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology, KST 2019},
year={2019},
pages={111-115},
doi={10.1109/KST.2019.8687807},
art_number={8687807},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 11th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology, KST 2019 ; Conference Date: 23 January 2019 Through 26 January 2019;  Conference Code:147360},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065093980&doi=10.1109%2fKST.2019.8687807&partnerID=40&md5=1f76bc5610d15a84b9bf88e92212e682},
affiliation={Shinawatra University, School of Science and Technology, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, we study the performance of Viterbi detectors embedded with noise predictor for the 2-D interference channel of high areal density bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system. After the readback signal is processed by a equalizer, the received signal at the input of detector is corrupted by the colored/correlated noise. Therefore, the noise whitening process using a noise predictor is required to improve the performance of the detector. When the noise predictor is incorporated into the detector, it needs to extend the structure of trellis in the detector. For the 2-D interference channel of BPMR system, the complexity of the detector will grow beyond the practical level. Therefore, we design a detector embedded by a noise prediction technique without extending the trellis. In the proposed technique, the most likely noise samples generated from the branch metric calculation are stored along the surviving path of the trellis in Viterbi algorithm. The proposed technique requires less number of memory and arithmetic operations at each state of the trellis compared to conventional technique. We consider both finite impulse response (FIR) filter and infinite impulse response (IIR) filter for the noise prediction filter. The simulation results show that the proposed noise prediction can improve the performance of detector, especially for the high areal density at 4 Tbit/in2. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D interference channel;  Bit-pattened media recording;  noise prediction;  Viterbi detector},
keywords={Acoustic noise measurement;  FIR filters;  Forecasting;  Impulse response;  Signal interference;  Viterbi algorithm, 2-D interference channels;  Arithmetic operations;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Conventional techniques;  Infinite impulse response;  Metric calculation;  Noise predictions;  Viterbi detectors, IIR filters},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, MRG6080110},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the office of the Higher Education Commission Thailand and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant MRG6080110.},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. ICC 2007, Glasgow, Scotland, pp. 6249-6254; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-Track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-Track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Forney, G., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 18 (3), pp. 363-378. , May; Chevillat, P.R., Eleftheriou, E., Maiwald, D., Noise-predictive partial-response equalizers and applications (1992) Proceedings of ICC, pp. 942-947. , IEEE; Coker, J.D., Eleftheriou, E., Galbraith, R.L., Hirt, W., Noisepredictive maximum likelihood (npml) detection (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (1), pp. 110-117; Caroselli, J., Altekar, S.A., McEwen, P., Wolf, J.K., Improved detection for magnetic recording systems with media noise (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (5), pp. 2779-2781. , Sept; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signaldependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Select. Areas on Commn, 19 (4), pp. 730-743; Chesnutt, E., (2005) Novel Turbo Equalization Methods for the Magnetic Recording Channel, , Ph.D dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology; Kaynak, M.N., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Noise predictive belief propagation (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (12), pp. 4427-4434. , Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538675120},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Knowl. Smart Technol., KST},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ehrmann2019727,
author={Ehrmann, A. and Blachowicz, T.},
title={Vortex and double-vortex nucleation during magnetization reversal in Fe nanodots of different dimensions},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2019},
volume={475},
pages={727-733},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.12.031},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058374838&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2018.12.031&partnerID=40&md5=07e932e6d76ea8f202c4ec25d2bbae05},
affiliation={Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld, Germany; Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics – Center of Science and Education, Gliwice, Poland},
abstract={Magnetic nanodots are of high technological importance in diverse storage and spintronics applications, especially in bit patterned media. Magnetization reversal in such nanodots typically occurs either by coherent rotation of the magnetization or along a vortex state. Other mechanisms of magnetization reversal are scarcely described in the literature. Understanding and predicting the magnetization reversal processes, however, is of utmost importance due to the varying stray fields in the different states under evolution, influencing neighboring nanodots in an array or matrix-like structure. Besides, the stability of vortex states against magnetic field changes – which corresponds to typically broad field ranges with reversible modifications of the magnetic state – influences the robustness of magnetically stored information as well as the necessary external fields for writing new information. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations on nanodots with 10 different, representative diameters and 10 dot thicknesses, respectively, giving rise to 8 possible magnetization reversal processes and suggesting the preconditions for the nucleation and propagation of one or two vortices in cylindrical iron disks. We show the impact of the dimensions and aspect ratios on all phases of magnetization reversal. This study results in a phase diagram of the different magnetization reversal processes. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetization reversal;  Micromagnetic simulation;  Vortex state;  Vortex-antivortex pair},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic storage;  Nanodots;  Nucleation;  Quantum optics;  Vortex flow, Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic nano-dots;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetization reversal process;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Spintronics application;  Vortex state;  Vortex-antivortex pairs, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={Volkswagen FoundationVolkswagen Foundation, 93679},
funding_details={Sahand University of TechnologySahand University of Technology, SUT, 14/990/RGJ18/0099, BK-229/RIF/2017},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by Volkswagen Foundation grant “Adaptive Computing with Electrospun Nanofiber Networks” no. 93679, by the SUT Rector Grant 14/990/RGJ18/0099 as well as the internal SUT project BK-229/RIF/2017.},
references={Wachowiak, A., Wiebe, J., Bode, M., Pietzsch, O., Morgenstern, M., Wiesendanger, R., (2002) Science, 298, p. 577; Guslienko, K.Y., Aranda, G.R., Gonzalez, J.M., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81; Mejia-López, J., Altbir, D., Romero, A.H., Batlle, X., Roshchin, I.V., Li, C.-P., Schuller, I.K., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100; Noske, M., Stoll, H., Fähnle, M., Gangwar, A., Woltersdorf, G., Slavin, A., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., (2016) Phys. Rev. Lett., 117; Guslienko, K.Y., (2008) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 8, p. 2745; Buess, M., Knowles, T.P.J., Hollinger, R., Haug, T., Krey, U., Weiss, D., Pescia, D., Back, C.H., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71; Janutka, A., Gawronski, P., (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 4300706; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Steblinski, P., Palka, J., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113; Depondt, P., Levy, J.-C.S., Mamica, S., (2013) J. Phys. Cond. Matter, 25; Lyberatos, A., Komineas, S., Papanicolaou, N., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109; Kravchuk, V.P., Sheka, D.D., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102; Gaididei, Y., Kravchuk, V.P., Sheka, D.D., Mertens, F.G., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81; Otxoa, R.M., Peti-Watelot, S., Manfrini, M., Radu, I.P., Thean, A., Kim, J.-V., Devolder, T., (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 394, pp. 292-298; Li, J.Q., Wang, Y., Cao, J.F., Meng, X.Y., Zhu, F.Y., Wu, Y.Q., Tai, R.Z., (2011) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 435, pp. 167-172; Scepka, T., Polakovic, T., Soltys, J., Tobik, J., Kulich, M., Kudela, R., Derer, J., Cambel, V., (2015) AIP Adv., 5; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Steblinski, P., Pawela, L., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108; Pylypovskyi, O.V., Sheka, D.D., Kravchuk, V.P., Gaididei, Y., (2014) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 361, pp. 201-205; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109; Tillmanns, A., Błachowicz, T., Fraune, M., Güntherodt, G., Schuller, I.K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 2932-2935; Sellarajan, B., Saravanan, P., Ghosh, S.K., Nagaraja, H.S., Barshilia, H.C., Chowdhury, P., (2018) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 451, pp. 51-56; Kasperski, M., Puszkarski, H., Hoang, D.T., Diep, H.T., (2013) AIP Adv., 3; Prejbeanu, I.L., Natali, M., Buda, L.D., Ebels, U., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., Ounadjela, K., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 7343-7345; Rahm, M., Schneider, M., Biberber, J., Pulwey, R., Zweck, J., Weiss, D., Umansky, V., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, pp. 4110-4112; Vavassori, P., Zaluzec, N., Metlushko, V., Novosad, V., Ilic, B., Grimsditch, M., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69; Prosandeev, S., Bellaiche, L., (2008) Phys. Rev. Lett., 101; Rave, W., Fabian, K., Hubert, A., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 190, pp. 332-348; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, Interagency Report NISTIR 6376 (1999), National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD; Gilbert, T.L., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 3443; Kneller, E.F., Hawig, R., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 3588; Tillmanns, A., http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/52128, (PhD Thesis), RWTH Aachen University 2005/2006; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2015) AIP Adv., 5; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2017) J. Nanomater., 2017, p. 5046076; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2017) AIMS Mater. Sci, 4, pp. 383-390},
correspondence_address1={Ehrmann, A.; Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Germany; email: andrea.ehrmann@fh-bielefeld.de},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meng2019566,
author={Meng, Z. and Ho, C.-L. and Wong, H.-F. and Yu, Z.-Q. and Zhu, N. and Li, G. and Leung, C.-W. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={Lithographic patterning of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles from a single-source bimetallic precursor containing hemiphasmidic structure for magnetic data recording media [半竹节虫型双金属配合物制备铁铂纳米颗粒及其图案化阵列的磁存储应用]},
journal={Science China Materials},
year={2019},
volume={62},
number={4},
pages={566-576},
doi={10.1007/s40843-018-9350-4},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054069783&doi=10.1007%2fs40843-018-9350-4&partnerID=40&md5=bb27bc8b5e4b5b42e103cf60df8c7a64},
affiliation={College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong},
abstract={Patterning of L1 0 FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with high coercivity offers a promising route to develop bit-patterned media (BPM) for the next generation magnetic data recording system, but the synthesis of monodisperse FePt NPs and mass production of their nanopatterns has been a long-standing challenge. Here, highly efficient nanoimprint lithography was applied for large-scale universal patterning, which was achieved by imprinting the solution of a single-source bimetallic precursor. The rigid coplanar metallic cores and the surrounding flexible tails in the bimetallic complex permit the spontaneous molecular arrangements to form the highly ordered negative morphology replicated from the soft template. In-situ pyrolysis study was then investigated by one-pot pyrolysis of the precursor under an Ar/H 2 atmosphere, and the resultant NPs were fully characterized to identify the phase, morphology and magnetic properties. Finally, highly-ordered patterns on certain substrates were preserved perfectly after pyrolysis and could be potentially utilized in magnetic data recording media. © 2018, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},
author_keywords={FePt nanoparticles;  lithographic patterning;  magnetic data recording media;  one-pot pyrolysis;  single-source bimetallic precursors},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Coercive force;  Data recording;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoparticles;  Platinum alloys;  Pyrolysis;  Synthesis (chemical), Bimetallic complexes;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  Lithographic patterning;  Mass production;  Molecular arrangements;  One pot;  Single source, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={HKBU12317216, PolyU153015/14P, PolyU153062/18P},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 21504074, 21701112, 51573151},
funding_details={University Grants CommitteeUniversity Grants Committee, UGC, AoE/P-03/08},
funding_details={Research Grants Council, University Grants CommitteeResearch Grants Council, University Grants Committee, RGC, UGC},
funding_details={Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Polytechnic University, PolyU, 1-ZE1C, 1-ZE25},
funding_details={Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen MunicipalityScience, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, JCYJ20160531193836532},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21701112, 21504074 and 51573151), Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKBU12317216, PolyU153062/18P and PolyU153015/14P), Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee of HKSAR (AoE/P-03/08), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-ZE1C and 1-ZE25), the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20160531193836532), and Ms Clarea Au (847S) for the Endowed Professorship in Energy.},
funding_text 2={This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21701112, 21504074 and 51573151), Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKBU12317216, PolyU153062/18P and PolyU153015/14P), Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee of HKSAR (AoE/P-03/08), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-ZE1C and 1-ZE25), the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20160531193836532), and Ms Clarea Au (847S) for the Endowed Professorship in Energy.},
references={Wang, D., Xin, H.L., Hovden, R., Structurally ordered intermetallic platinum–cobalt core–shell nanoparticles with enhanced activity and stability as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts (2013) Nat Mater, 12, pp. 81-87; Li, J., Wang, G., Wang, J., Architecture of PtFe/C catalyst with high activity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (2014) Nano Res, 7, pp. 1519-1527; Xia, T., Liu, J., Wang, S., Nanomagnetic CoPt truncated octahedrons: facile synthesis, superior electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation (2017) Sci China Mater, 60, pp. 57-67; Li, Q., Wu, L., Wu, G., New approach to fully ordered fct-FePt nanoparticles for much enhanced electrocatalysis in acid (2015) Nano Lett, 15, pp. 2468-2473; Hong, Y., Kim, H.J., Yang, D., Facile synthesis of fully ordered L1 0 -FePt nanoparticles with controlled Pt-shell thicknesses for electrocatalysis (2017) Nano Res, 10, pp. 2866-2880; Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C.L., A polyferroplatinyne precursor for the rapid fabrication of L1 0 -FePt-type bit patterned media by nanoimprint lithography (2012) Adv Mater, 24, pp. 1034-1040; Meng, Z., Li, G., Wong, H.F., Patterning of L1 0 FePt nanoparticles with ultra-high coercivity for bit-patterned media (2017) Nanoscale, 9, pp. 731-738; Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C.L., Facile generation of L1 0 -FePt nanodot arrays from a nanopatterned metallopolymer blend of iron and platinum homopolymers (2014) Adv Funct Mater, 24, pp. 857-862; Dong, Q., Meng, Z., Ho, C.L., A molecular approach to magnetic metallic nanostructures from metallopolymer precursors (2018) Chem Soc Rev, 47, pp. 4934-4953; Lee, H., Shin, T.H., Cheon, J., Recent developments in magnetic diagnostic systems (2015) Chem Rev, 115, pp. 10690-10724; Zhu, K., Ju, Y., Xu, J., Magnetic nanomaterials: chemical design, synthesis, and potential applications (2018) Acc Chem Res, 51, pp. 404-413; Yu, J., Gao, W., Liu, F., Tuning crystal structure and magnetic property of dispersible FePt intermetallic nanoparticles (2018) Sci China Mater, 61, pp. 961-968; Sun, S., Recent advances in chemical synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of FePt nanoparticles (2006) Adv Mater, 18, pp. 393-403; Wu, L., Mendoza-Garcia, A., Li, Q., Organic phase syntheses of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications (2016) Chem Rev, 116, pp. 10473-10512; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Hou, Y., Kondoh, H., Kogure, T., Preparation and characterization of monodisperse FePd nanoparticles (2004) Chem Mater, 16, pp. 5149-5152; Liu, F., Zhu, J., Yang, W., Building nanocomposite magnets by coating a hard magnetic core with a soft magnetic shell (2014) Angew Chem Int Ed, 53, pp. 2176-2180; da Silva, T.L., Varanda, L.C., Perpendicularly self-oriented and shapecontrolled L1 0 -FePt nanorods directly synthesized by a temperature-modulated process (2011) Nano Res, 4, pp. 666-674; Wellons, M.S., Morris, W.H., Gai, Z., Direct synthesis and size selection of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles (2007) Chem Mater, 19, pp. 2483-2488; Capobianchi, A., Colapietro, M., Fiorani, D., General strategy for direct synthesis of L1 0 nanoparticle alloys from layered precursor: the case of FePt (2009) Chem Mater, 21, pp. 2007-2009; Faustini, M., Capobianchi, A., Varvaro, G., Highly controlled dip-coating deposition of fct FePt nanoparticles from layered salt precursor into nanostructured thin films: An easy way to tune magnetic and optical properties (2012) Chem Mater, 24, pp. 1072-1079; Kang, E., Jung, H., Park, J.G., Block copolymer directed one-pot simple synthesis of L1 0 -phase FePt nanoparticles inside ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate/carbon composites (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 1018-1025; Lee, S.R., Yang, S., Kim, Y.K., Microstructural evolution and phase transformation characteristics of Zr-doped FePt films (2002) J Appl Phys, 91, pp. 6857-6859; He, J., Bian, B., Zheng, Q., Direct chemical synthesis of well dispersed L1 0 -FePt nanoparticles with tunable size and coercivity (2016) Green Chem, 18, pp. 417-422; Elkins, K., Li, D., Poudyal, N., Monodisperse face-centred tetragonal FePt nanoparticles with giant coercivity (2005) J Phys D-Appl Phys, 38, pp. 2306-2309; Liu, K., Ho, C.L., Aouba, S., Synthesis and lithographic patterning of FePt nanoparticles using a bimetallic metallopolyyne precursor (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed, 47, pp. 1255-1259; Meng, Z., Li, G., Ng, S.M., Nanopatterned L1 0 -FePt nanoparticles from single-source metallopolymer precursors for potential application in ferromagnetic bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2016) Polym Chem, 7, pp. 4467-4475; Dong, Q., Li, G., Wang, H., Investigation of pyrolysis temperature in the one-step synthesis of L1 0 FePt nanoparticles from a FePt-containing metallopolymer (2015) J Mater Chem C, 3, pp. 734-741; Dong, Q., Qu, W., Liang, W., Porphyrin-based metallopolymers: synthesis, characterization and pyrolytic study for the generation of magnetic metal nanoparticles (2016) J Mater Chem C, 4, pp. 5010-5018; Dong, Q., Qu, W., Liang, W., Metallopolymer precursors to L1 0 -CoPt nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, nanopatterning and potential application (2016) Nanoscale, 8, pp. 7068-7074; Li, G.J., Leung, C.W., Lei, Z.Q., Patterning of FePt for magnetic recording (2011) Thin Solid Films, 519, pp. 8307-8311; Xing, L.B., Yu, S., Wang, X.J., Reversible multistimuli-responsive vesicles formed by an amphiphilic cationic platinum(II) terpyridyl complex with a ferrocene unit in water (2012) Chem Commun, 48, pp. 10886-10888; Mitra, K., Shettar, A., Kondaiah, P., Biotinylated platinum(II) ferrocenylterpyridine complexes for targeted photoinduced cytotoxicity (2016) Inorg Chem, 55, pp. 5612-5622; Mitra, K., Basu, U., Khan, I., Remarkable anticancer activity of ferrocenyl-terpyridine platinum(II) complexes in visible light with low dark toxicity (2014) Dalton Trans, 43, pp. 751-763; Yoshio, M., Mukai, T., Ohno, H., One-dimensional ion transport in self-organized columnar ionic liquids (2004) J Am Chem Soc, 126, pp. 994-995; Dong, F., Guo, Y., Xu, P., Hydrothermal growth of MoS 2 /Co 3 S 4 composites as efficient Pt-free counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2017) Sci China Mater, 60, pp. 295-303; Xu, Z., Yin, X., Guo, Y., Ru-doping in TiO 2 electron transport layers of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells for enhanced performance (2018) J Mater Chem C, 6, pp. 4746-4752; Leung, S.Y.L., Lam, W.H., Yam, V.W.W., Dynamic scaffold of chiral binaphthol derivatives with the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine moiety (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110, pp. 7986-7991; Leung, S.Y.L., Yam, V.W.W., Hierarchical helices of helices directed by Pt?Pt and p–p stacking interactions: reciprocal association of multiple helices of dinuclear alkynylplatinum(II) complex with luminescence enhancement behavior (2013) Chem Sci, 4, pp. 4228-4234; Wu, J., Hou, Y., Gao, S., Controlled synthesis and multifunctional properties of FePt-Au heterostructures (2011) Nano Res, 4, pp. 836-848; Bian, B.R., Xia, W.X., Du, J., Effect of H 2 on the formation mechanism and magnetic properties of FePt nanocrystals (2013) IEEE Trans Magn, 49, pp. 3307-3309; Bauer, J.C., Chen, X., Liu, Q., Converting nanocrystalline metals into alloys and intermetallic compounds for applications in catalysis (2008) J Mater Chem, 18, pp. 275-282; Klemmer, T.J., Shukla, N., Liu, C., Structural studies of L1 0 FePt nanoparticles (2002) Appl Phys Lett, 81, pp. 2220-2222; Saita, S., Maenosono, S., FePt nanoparticles with a narrow composition distribution synthesized via pyrolysis of iron(III) ethoxide and platinum(II) acetylacetonate (2005) Chem Mater, 17, pp. 3705-3710},
correspondence_address1={Yu, Z.-Q.; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China; email: zqyu@szu.edu.cn},
publisher={Science China Press},
issn={20958226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. China Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gosciniak20198605,
author={Gosciniak, J. and Rasras, M.},
title={High field enhancement between transducer and resonant antenna for application in bit patterned heat-assisted magnetic recording},
journal={Optics Express},
year={2019},
volume={27},
number={6},
pages={8605-8611},
doi={10.1364/OE.27.008605},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063565506&doi=10.1364%2fOE.27.008605&partnerID=40&md5=a3ce1da3449cc7ecc82524e66876cdcf},
affiliation={Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates},
abstract={Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is a well-known technology that uses the concept of a plasmonic antenna to shrink the optical focused spot to sizes of tens of nanometers, in order to overcome the limits of conventional magnetic recording and to reach areal density &gt;1 Tb/in 2 . In this paper, we propose a novel concept that allows to increase a power transfer to the recording media deposited on the patterned substrate that takes a full advantage of the resonant antenna conditions to achieve further intensity enhancement in the gap and consequently high-power transfer to the recording media. Apart from the high field enhancement, the proposed concept ensures uniform field distribution in the gap that translates into uniform and higher temperature in the recording media, which is highly desired in the HAMR technology. © 2019 Optical Society of America.},
keywords={Antennas;  Directional patterns (antenna);  Energy transfer;  Magnetism;  Plasmonics, Areal densities;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Intensity enhancement;  Patterned substrates;  Power transfers;  Recording media;  Resonant antennas;  Uniform field distributions, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={New York UniversityNew York University, NYU},
funding_text 1={Support from the NYUAD Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Maier, S.A., Atwater, H.A., Plasmonics: Localization and guiding of electromagnetic energy in metal/dielectric structure (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98 (1), p. 011101; Barnes, W.L., Dereux, A., Ebbesen, T.W., Surface plasmon subwavelength optics (2003) Nature, 424 (6950), pp. 824-830; Ozbay, E., Plasmonics: Merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions (2006) Science, 311 (5758), pp. 189-193; Khurgin, J.B., Boltasseva, A., Reflecting upon the losses in plasmonics and metamaterials (2012) MRS Bull, 37, pp. 768-779. , 08; Mühlschlegel, P., Eisler, H.-J., Martin, O.J.F., Hecht, B., Pohl, D.W., Resonant optical antennas (2005) Science, 308 (5728), pp. 1607-1609; Bharadwaj, P., Deutsch, B., Novotny, L., Optical antennas (2009) Adv. in Opt. and Phot., 1 (3), pp. 438-483; Giannini, V., Fernández-Domínguez, A.I., Heck, S.C., Maier, S.A., Plasmonic nanoantennas: Fundamentals and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters (2011) Chem. Rev., 111 (6), pp. 3888-3912; Schuller, J.A., Barnard, E.S., Cai, W., Jun, Y.C., White, J.S., Brongersma, M.L., Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation (2010) Nat. Mater., 9 (3), pp. 193-204; Gramotnev, D.K., Pors, A., Willatzen, M., Bozhevolnyi, S.I., Gap-plasmon nanoantennas and bowtie resonators (2012) Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 85 (4), p. 045434; Portela, A., Yano, T., Santschi, Ch., Matsui, H., Hayashi, T., Hara, M., Martin, O.J.F., Tabata, H., Spectral tenability of realistic plasmonic nanoantennas (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105 (9), p. 091105; Esteban, R., Aguirregabiria, G., Borisov, A.G., Wang, Y.M., Nordlander, P., Bryant, G.W., Aizpurua, J., The morphology of narrow gaps modifies the plasmonic response (2015) ACS Photonics, 2 (2), pp. 295-305; Fischer, H., Martin, O.J.F., Engineering the optical response of plasmonic nanoantennas (2008) Opt. Express, 16 (12), pp. 9144-9154; Zenin, V.A., Andryieuski, A., Malureanu, R., Radko, I.P., Volkov, V.S., Gramotnev, D.K., Lavrinenko, A.V., Bozhevolnyi, S.I., Boosting local field enhancement by on-chip nanofocusing and impedance-matched plasmonic antennas (2015) Nano Lett, 15, pp. 8148-8154; Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X.M., Gage, E.C., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nat. Photonics, 3 (4), pp. 220-224; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T.C., Poon, C.C., Balamane, H., Boone, T.D., Katine, J.A., Li, J.-L., Terris, B.D., Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb m-2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Nat. Photonics, 4 (7), pp. 484-488; Zhou, N., Xu, X., Hammack, A.T., Stipe, B.C., Gao, K., Scholz, W., Gage, E.C., Plasmonic near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2014) Nanophotonics, 3 (3), pp. 141-155; Gosciniak, J., Mooney, M., Gubbins, M., Corbett, B., Novel Mach-Zehnder interferometer waveguide as a light delivery system for a heat assisted magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (2), p. 3000307; Gosciniak, J., Mooney, M., Gubbins, M., Corbett, B., Novel droplet near-field transducer for a heat-assisted magnetic recording (2015) Nanophotonics, 4 (1), pp. 503-510; Gosciniak, J., Justice, J., Khan, U., Modreanu, M., Corbett, B., Study of high order plasmonic modes on ceramic nanodisks (2017) Opt. Express, 25 (5), pp. 5244-5254; Gosciniak, J., Justice, J., Khan, U., Corbett, B., Study of TiN nanodisks with regard to application for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2016) MRS Adv, 1 (5), pp. 317-326; http://www.comsol.com/products/4.3a/; Li, K., Stockman, M.I., Bergman, D.J., Self-similar chain of metal nanospheres as an efficient nanolens (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 (22), p. 227402},
correspondence_address1={Gosciniak, J.; Engineering Division, United Arab Emirates; email: jg5648@nyu.edu},
publisher={OSA - The Optical Society},
issn={10944087},
pubmed_id={31052675},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. Express},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Muthsam2019442,
author={Muthsam, O. and Vogler, C. and Suess, D.},
title={Curie temperature modulated structure to improve the performance in heat-assisted magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2019},
volume={474},
pages={442-447},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.11.035},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056653335&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2018.11.035&partnerID=40&md5=a057b7f26d968ef81ecd635570c2ec88},
affiliation={University of Vienna, Physics of Functional Materials, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna, 1090, Austria},
abstract={We investigate how a temperature reduction in z-direction influences the switching probability and the noise in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) for a bit in bit-patterned media with dimensions d=5 nm and h=10 nm. Pure hard magnetic bits are considered and simulations with a continuous laser pulse are performed using the atomistic simulation tool VAMPIRE. The results display that the switching behavior shows a thermally induced exchange spring effect. Simultaneously, both the AC and the DC noise increase. Additionally, we illustrate how an artificial Curie temperature gradient within the material can compensate the HAMR performance loss due to the temperature gradient. Further, due to the graded Curie temperature, DC noise can be reduced compared to a structure where no temperature gradient is considered. © 2018 The Authors},
keywords={Curie temperature;  Magnetism;  Thermal gradients, Atomistic simulations;  Bit-patterned media;  Continuous lasers;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Modulated structures;  Switching behaviors;  Switching probability;  Temperature reduction, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, I2214-N20},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Grant No. MA14-044 , the Advanced Storage Technology Consortium (ASTC), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant No. I2214-N20 for financial support. The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).},
references={Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, M., Machida, H., Yano, T., Hwang, U.M., (1984), Thermomagnetic recording. Google Patents, August; Mee, C., Fan, G., A proposed beam-addressable memory (1967) IEEE Trans. Magn., 3 (1), pp. 72-76; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Mountfield, K., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ganping, J., Hsia, Y.-T., Fatih Erden, M., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Lewicki, G.W., (1971), others, Thermomagnetic recording and magneto-optic playback system. Google Patents, December; Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Nowak, U., Lyberatos, A., Richter, H.-J., Thermally induced error: density limit for magnetic data storage (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100 (10). , 102402; (1959), L. Burns Jr., Leslie and others. Magnetic recording system. Google Patents, December; Wang, S., Victora, R.H., Temperature distribution of granular media for heat assisted magnetic recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17D147; Xu, B., Yang, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Chong, T.C., Thermal effects in heat assisted bit patterned media recording (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (5), pp. 2292-2295; Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials (2014) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 26 (10). , 103202; Suess, D., Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Windl, R., Breth, L., Fidler, J., Fundamental limits in heat-assisted magnetic recording and methods to overcome it with exchange spring structures (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (16). , 163913; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Areal density optimizations for heat-assisted magnetic recording of high-density media (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 119 (22). , 223903; Muthsam, O., Vogler, C., Suess, D., Noise reduction in heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media by optimizing a high/low Tc bilayer structure (2017) J. Appl. Phys., 122 (21). , 213903; Xu, B.X., Liu, Z.J., Ji, R., Toh, Y.T., Hu, J.F., Li, J.M., Zhang, J., Chia, C.W., Thermal issues and their effects on heat-assisted magnetic recording system (invited) (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (7), p. 07B701; Wang, X., Valcu, B., Yeh, N.-H., Transition width limit in magnetic recording (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (20). , 202508; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186; Suess, D., Thomas Schrefl, S., Fhler, M.K., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (1). , 012504; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308 (2), pp. 183-197; (2005), Kevin Robert Coffey, Jan-Ulrich Thiele, Dieter Klaus Weller. Thermal spring magnetic recording media for writing using magnetic and thermal gradients. Google Patents, April; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Breaking the thermally induced write error in heat assisted recording by using low and high Tc materials (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102 (16). , 162405},
correspondence_address1={Muthsam, O.; University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Austria; email: olivia.muthsam@univie.ac.at},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kim2019975,
author={Kim, Y.-T. and Jung, H. and Lee, U.-H. and Kim, T.-H. and Jang, J.K. and Park, J.B. and Rhee, J.Y. and Yang, C.-W. and Park, J.-G. and Kwon, Y.-U.},
title={High-Density Ordered Arrays of CoPt3 Nanoparticles with Individually Addressable Out-of-Plane Magnetization},
journal={ACS Applied Nano Materials},
year={2019},
volume={2},
number={2},
pages={975-982},
doi={10.1021/acsanm.8b02281},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073101401&doi=10.1021%2facsanm.8b02281&partnerID=40&md5=842b64751fab79aa2e50eefdf1ca83b1},
affiliation={SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Center for Strongly Correlated Materials Research, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Jeonju, 54907, South Korea; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China},
abstract={The bit-patterned media (BPM) technology is a promising approach for developing high-density memory devices. Porous templates such as anodized aluminum oxide and self-assembled block copolymer films have been explored for use in BPM. In this work, in order to further increase the pore density, we used a mesoporous silica thin film (MSTF) with 8 nm sized regularly ordered pores and 4 nm thick walls as a template to grow CoPt3 nanoparticles (NPs) into two-dimensional hexagonal arrays. The use of a Au(111)/SiO2 substrate induced epitaxial growth of single-crystalline CoPt3 NPs in the face-centered cubic structure, as evidenced by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray scattering data. Direction-dependent magnetic measurements showed that the CoPt3 NPs had out-of-plane magnetic polarization. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) data indicated that individual CoPt3 NPs could be addressed independently. First-principles electronic structure calculations indicated that the observed out-of-plane magnetic polarization of CoPt3 NPs originated from the tensile stress induced by the lattice mismatch between CoPt3 NPs and Au(111). The array of CoPt3 NPs had a remarkably high density of 5 × 1012 NPs/in2. © 2019 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={CoPt;  magnetic memory;  nonoparticle array;  out-of-plane polarization;  template synthesis},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Binary alloys;  Block copolymers;  Calculations;  Electronic structure;  Gold alloys;  High resolution transmission electron microscopy;  Lattice mismatch;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Nanoparticles;  Oxide films;  Platinum alloys;  Polarization;  Silica;  Silicon alloys;  X ray scattering, CoPt;  Magnetic memory;  nonoparticle array;  Out-of plane;  Template synthesis, Cobalt alloys},
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correspondence_address1={Kwon, Y.-U.; SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, South Korea; email: ywkwon@skku.edu},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={25740970},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Nano Mat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jianjun2019727,
author={Jianjun, L.U.O. and Zhang, H. and Wang, S. and Liu, S.H.I. and Zhu, Z. and Gu, B. and Wang, X. and Li, X.},
title={Three-dimensional magnetization needle arrays with controllable orientation},
journal={Optics Letters},
year={2019},
volume={44},
number={4},
pages={727-730},
doi={10.1364/OL.44.000727},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061523260&doi=10.1364%2fOL.44.000727&partnerID=40&md5=ff11ff9fb9dd03a499cdf705ab947299},
affiliation={Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China},
abstract={Based on the Richards–Wolf vectorial diffraction theory and inverse Faraday effect, we first propose a scheme to generate three-dimensional magnetization needle (MN) arrays with arbitrary orientation for each individual needle and controllable spatial position and number by reversing the electric dipole array radiation. To achieve this, each unit of the electric dipole array has two electric dipoles with orthogonal oscillation directions and quadrature phase and is located mirror-symmetric with respect to the focal plane of the high numerical aperture lens. Uniformly distributed MNs with a subwavelength lateral size of 0.44λ and a longitudinal depth of 5.36λ with four different orientations are obtained by optimized arrangement for 2N (here, N 2) units of the electric dipole array. The corresponding purity of MNs is also discussed in detail. Furthermore, two combinations of MN arrays with orthogonal orientation are emphatically exploited in the hybrid bit-patterned media recording. The results illustrate the richness of the proposed methods to locally control the particular orientation properties of the MN and find many potential applications in multichannel/multilayer magneto-optical storage, information security, and spintronics. © 2019 Optical Society of America.},
keywords={Dipole antennas;  Inverse problems;  Magnetization;  Security of data, Arbitrary orientation;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Controllable orientation;  High numerical apertures;  Inverse Faraday effects;  Orientation properties;  Orthogonal orientations;  Vectorial diffraction theories, Needles},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 11474052, 11604123, 61522504, 61875093},
funding_details={Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, BK20181384},
funding_text 1={National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11474052, 11604123, 61522504, 61875093); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20181384).},
references={Gu, M., Li, X., Gao, Y., (2014) Light: Sci. Appl., 3, p. e177; Nikitov, S.A., Tailhades, P., Tsai, C.S., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 236, p. 320; Grinolds, M.S., Warner, M., De Greve, K., Dovzhenko, Y., Thiel, L., Walsworth, R.L., Hong, S., Yacoby, A., (2014) Nat. Nanotech., 9, p. 279; Schneeweiss, P., Kien, F.L., Rauschenbeutel, A., (2014) New J. Phys., 16, p. 013014; Pitaevskii, L.P., (1961) Sov. Phys. JETP, 12, p. 1008; Pershan, P.S., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 919; Wang, S., Li, X., Zhou, J., Gu, M., (2014) Opt. Lett., 39, p. 5022; Ma, W., Zhang, D., Zhu, L., Chen, J., (2015) Chin. Opt. Lett., 13, p. 79; Helseth, L.E., (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, p. 987; Gong, L., Wang, L., Zhu, Z., Wang, X., Zhao, H., Gu, B., (2016) Appl. Opt., 55, p. 5783; Jiang, Y., Li, X., Gu, M., (2013) Opt. Lett., 38, p. 2957; Nie, Z., Ding, W., Li, D., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Song, Y., (2015) Opt. Express, 23, p. 690; Wang, S., Li, X., Zhou, J., Gu, M., (2015) Opt. Express, 23, p. 13530; Wang, S., Cao, Y., Li, X., (2017) Opt. Lett., 42, p. 5050; Hao, C., Nie, Z., Ye, H., Li, H., Luo, Y., Feng, R., Yu, X., Qiu, C., (2017) Sci. Adv., 3, p. e1701398; Yan, W., Nie, Z., Liu, X., Lan, G., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Song, Y., (2018) Opt. Express, 26, p. 16824; Li, X., Lan, T.H., Tien, C.H., Gu, M., (2012) Nat. Commun., 3, p. 998; Yan, W., Nie, Z., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Song, Y., (2018) Opt. Lett., 43, p. 3826; Wang, S., Luo, J., Zhu, Z., Cao, Y., Wang, H., Xie, C., Li, X., (2018) Opt. Lett., 43, p. 5551; Wan, H., Shi, L., Lukyanchuk, B., Sheppard, C., Chong, C.T., (2008) Nat. Photonics, 2, p. 501; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Chantrell, R.W., Nowak, U., (2009) Europhys. Lett., 86, p. 27006; Chen, W., Zhan, Q., (2010) J. Opt., 12, p. 045707; Balanis, A., (2005) Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, , Wiley-Interscience; Chen, J., Wan, C., Kong, L., Zhan, Q., (2017) Opt. Express, 25, p. 19517; Wang, X., Gong, L., Zhu, Z., Gu, B., Zhan, Q., (2017) Opt. Express, 25, p. 17737; Richards, B., Wolf, E., (1959) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 253, p. 358; Youngworth, K., Brown, T., (2000) Opt. Express, 7, p. 77; Hertel, R., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 303, p. L1; Valle, Y.D., Venayagamoorthy, G.K., Mohagheghi, S., Hernandez, J.C., Harley, R.G., (2008) IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., 12, p. 171; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Erden, M.F., Steiner, P.L., (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52, p. 1},
correspondence_address1={Zhu, Z.; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Jiangsu Province, China; email: zhuqingzhu@njnu.edu.cn},
publisher={OSA - The Optical Society},
issn={01469592},
coden={OPLED},
pubmed_id={30767972},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Myint2019580,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Sidetrack data estimation using multi-track joint 2-D viterbi detector in bit patterned media storage},
journal={ECTI-CON 2018 - 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology},
year={2019},
pages={580-583},
doi={10.1109/ECTICon.2018.08619979},
art_number={8619979},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 July 2018 Through 21 July 2018;  Conference Code:144486},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062221992&doi=10.1109%2fECTICon.2018.08619979&partnerID=40&md5=4714cee3c55c7bbf4420c002f7ddb10d},
affiliation={School of Science and Technology, Shinawatra University, Pahtumthani, 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In the high areal density, bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system, the inter-track interference (ITI) effects become severe when the areal density is increased. In the literature, a multi-track joint 2-D detector with the aid of a multi-reader array technology is proposed to mitigate the ITI effect in BPMR systems because of its significant performance gains achieved by processing the multiple readback signals concurrently. In practice, the multi-track joint 2-D detector can estimate the recorded data from not only the detecting tracks, but also the sidetracks when the ITI effect is considerably high. Although the estimates of the data on the sidetracks are not as good as those on the detecting tracks, they can be applied in or improved by further coding process. In this work, we study the performance of a multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detector for estimating the data on the sidetracks by adjusting the offset position of heads in the multi-head multi-track (MHMT) BPMR system. The detector recovers the recorded data on the detecting and sidetracks by processing the readback signals from the detecting tracks. We also investigate the performance changes due to the head offsets. The results show that the performance of detector for estimating the data on the sidetracks can be improved by adjusting the head offsets well. © 2018 IEEE},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Inter-track interference (ITI);  Multi-track joint detection;  Viterbi detector},
keywords={Computer science;  Computers;  Electrical engineering;  Mathematical techniques, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Joint detection;  Performance Gain;  Viterbi detectors, Digital storage},
funding_details={Maryland Higher Education CommissionMaryland Higher Education Commission, MHEC},
funding_details={Office of the Higher Education CommissionOffice of the Higher Education Commission, OHEC, MRG6080110},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the office of the Higher Education Commission Thailand and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant MRG6080110.},
funding_text 2={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the office of the Higher Education Commission Thailand and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant MRG6080110.},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 155-161. , March; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3691-3694. , Oct; Zheng, K.S.V., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-D signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (6), pp. 1-6. , June; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10), pp. 1-10. , Oct; Myint, L., Warisarn, C., Reduced complexity of multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detectors for bit-patterned media recording channel (2017) AIP Advances, 7 (5), p. 056502. , id; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Asymmetric iterative multi-track detection for 2-D non-binary LDPC-coded magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (10), pp. 5215-5221. , Oct},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538635551},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Busyatras2019576,
author={Busyatras, W. and Poompuang, P. and Myint, L.M.M. and Warisam, C.},
title={A simple 2/3 modulation code and bit-flipping technique in bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={ECTI-CON 2018 - 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology},
year={2019},
pages={576-579},
doi={10.1109/ECTICon.2018.08619966},
art_number={8619966},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 July 2018 Through 21 July 2018;  Conference Code:144486},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062208594&doi=10.1109%2fECTICon.2018.08619966&partnerID=40&md5=93b554668c8dda75827bd71ab26fcb78},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand; School of Science and Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Two-dimensional (2-D) modulation code is considered as one of the key schemes to improve the areal density capability for next generation magnetic recording e.g., bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) technology, due to its advantages such as severe inter-track interference (ITI) suppression and user densities escalation. In this work, a rate-2/3 2-D modulation with a three-reader three-track (3R3T) system is studied where the positions of reader are accordingly optimized with the encoded criteria to obtain the highest bit-error rate (BER) performance. Moreover, we also propose a bit-flipping technique which is one way to extremely improve the overall system performance. Here, the soft-information that are obtained from soft-output Viterbit algorithm (SOVA) detectors will be improved according with the encoded criteria before sending to the proposed decoder. Simulation results demonstrate that significant performance gain can be achieved using these two proposed approaches. © 2018 IEEE},
author_keywords={2-DModulation code;  Bit-flipping technique;  Bit-patterned media recording;  Inter-track interference},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Modulation, 2-DModulation code;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit flipping;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Performance Gain;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Bit error rate},
funding_details={Naturvidenskab og Teknologi, Aarhus UniversitetNaturvidenskab og Teknologi, Aarhus Universitet},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_details={Rajamangala University of Technology LannaRajamangala University of Technology Lanna, RMUTL},
funding_details={Advanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research CentreAdvanced Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre, AMCRC},
funding_details={Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiRajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This paper was partially supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) and Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RUMTT), Thailand.},
funding_text 2={This paper was partially supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) and Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RUMTT), Thailand.},
references={Piramanayagam, S., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 485-494; Robertson, P., Villebrun, E., Hoeher, P., A comparison of optimal and sub-optimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain (1995) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC'95), 2, pp. 1009-1013; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 3002611; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), p. 1810. , Nov; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Arrayangkool, A., Warisam, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Warisam, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Pituso, K., Warisam, C., Tongsompom, D., Kovintavewat, P., An m subtraction scheme o f a rate-4/5 modulation code for two dimensional magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Magn. Letter, 7, p. 4504705; Pituso, K., Warisam, C., Tongsompom, D., A soft-5/6 modulation code with iterative ITI subtraction scheme in multi-reader TDMR systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (11), p. 3000904. , Nov; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , March; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538635551},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Heldt2019,
author={Heldt, G. and Thompson, P. and Chopdekar, R.V. and Kohlbrecher, J. and Lee, S. and Heyderman, L.J. and Thomson, T.},
title={Characterisation of size distribution and positional misalignment of nanoscale islands by small-angle X-ray scattering},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2019},
volume={125},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.5050882},
art_number={014301},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059616140&doi=10.1063%2f1.5050882&partnerID=40&md5=d1fde79614a024c3cffc2c83ba9d4d15},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, United Kingdom; Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, 5232, Switzerland; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY169SS, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland},
abstract={Highly ordered arrays of nanoscale magnetic structures form the basis of artificial spin ices, uniform particles for bio-medical applications, and data storage as Bit Patterned Media. We demonstrate that small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) allows the size distribution and the positional alignment of highly ordered arrays to be determined with high spatial and statistical accuracy. The results obtained from the SAXS measurements are compared to an analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy images and found to be in excellent agreement. This confirms the validity of the technique and demonstrates its potential as a fast, accurate, and statistically reliable method for characterising arrays of ordered nanostructures. © 2018 Author(s).},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic storage;  Medical applications;  Nanomagnetics;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Size distribution, Biomedical applications;  Bit-patterned media;  Highly ordered arrays;  Nanoscale islands;  Ordered nanostructures;  Reliable methods;  Scanning electron microscopy image;  Statistical accuracy, X ray scattering},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E064264/1, EP/G032440/1},
funding_text 1={The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (Grant No. EP/G032440/1) toward funding this work.},
references={Heyderman, L.J., Stamps, R.L., Artificial ferroic systems: Novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics (2013) J. Phys., 25, p. 363201; Nisoli, C., Moessner, R., Schiffer, P., Colloquium: Artificial spin ice: Designing and imaging magnetic frustration (2013) Rev. Modern Phys., 85 (4), pp. 1473-1490; Zhao, L., Kelly, K.L., Schatz, G.C., The extinction spectra of silver nanoparticle arrays: Influence of array structure on plasmon resonance wavelength and width (2003) J. Phys. Chem. B, 107 (30), pp. 7343-7350; Lamprecht, B., Schider, G., Lechner, R., Ditlbacher, H., Krenn, J., Leitner, A., Aussenegg, F., Metal nanoparticle gratings: Influence of dipolar particle interaction on the plasmon resonance (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84 (20), pp. 4721-4724; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Verdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Shi, Y., Nutter, P.W., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Error events due to island size variations in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1755-1758; Li, M., Schnablegger, H., Mann, S., Coupled synthesis and self-assembly of nanoparticles to give structures with controlled organization (1999) Nature, 402, pp. 393-395; Uversky, V., Natively unfolded proteins: A point where biology waits for physics (2002) Protein Sci., 11 (4), pp. 739-756; Nalwa, H., (2002) Handbook of Thin Film Materials, , (Academic Press, Boston); Farhan, A., Derlet, P., Kleibert, A., Balan, A., Chopdekar, R., Wyss, M., Perron, J., Heyderman, L., Direct observation of thermal relaxation in artificial spin ice (2013) Phys. Rev. Lett., 111 (5), p. 57204; Mengotti, E., Heyderman, L., Rodríguez, A., Nolting, F., Hügli, R., Braun, H., Real-space observation of emergent magnetic monopoles and associated Dirac strings in artificial kagome spin ice (2010) Nature Phys., 7 (1), pp. 68-74; Dobisz, E.A., Brandow, S.L., Bass, R., Shirey, L.M., Nanolithography in polymethylmethacrylate: An atomic force microscope study (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, pp. 3695-3700; Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., De Vries, J., Abelmann, L., Determination of bit patterned media noise based on island perimeter fluctuations (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4574-4577; Ravel, B., (2003) Cobalt Foil Measured at Nsls x11b November, , http://cars9.uchicago.edu/ravel/software/doc/-Standards/co.html, Bruce Ravel, xas standard reference material (2003), see; Debye, P., Interferenz von Röntgenstrahlen und Wärmebewegung (1913) Annalen der Physik, 348 (1), pp. 49-92; Waller, I., Zur Frage der Einwirkung der Wärmebewegung auf die Interferenz von Röntgenstrahlen (1923) Zeitschrift für Physik, 17 (1), pp. 398-408; Richards, R.W., Thomason, J.L., Simulation of small-angle neutron scattering from microphase-separated block copolymers (1985) Macromolecules, 18 (3), pp. 452-460; Brown, B.L., Taylor, T., A computer simulation study of the low-angle X-ray scattering obtained from triblock copolymers (1974) J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 18 (5), pp. 1385-1396; Kratky, O., Porod, G., Diffuse small-angle scattering of X-rays in colloid systems (1949) J. Colloid Sci., 4 (1), pp. 35-70; Förster, S., Fischer, S., Zielske, K., Schellbach, C., Sztucki, M., Lindner, P., Perlich, J., Calculation of scattering-patterns of ordered nano- A nd mesoscale materials (2011) Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 163 (1), pp. 53-83; Glatter, O., Kratky, O., (1982) Small Angle X-Ray Scattering, , (Academic Press, London); Guinier, A., Fournet, G., (1955) Small Angle X-Ray Scattering of X-Rays, , (John Wiley and Sons, New York); Korgel, B., Fullam, S., Connolly, S., Fitzmaurice, D., Assembly and self-organization of silver nanocrystal superlattices: Ordered 'soft spheres' (1998) J. Phys. Chem. B, 102 (43), pp. 8379-8388; Murray, C., Kagan, C., Bawendi, M., Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse nanocrystals and close-packed nanocrystal assemblies (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30 (1), p. 545; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., A statistical model of write-errors in bit patterned media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 53926; Shi, Y., Nutter, P., Miles, J., Performance evaluation of bit patterned media channels with island size variations (2013) IEEE Trans. Commun., 61 (1), pp. 228-236; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Write modeling and read signal processing for heat assisted bit-patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 3000510},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kong2019,
author={Kong, L. and Bian, J. and Zhang, S. and Zhao, S. and Fang, Y.},
title={Polar code design for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels},
journal={2018 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2018},
year={2019},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2018.8601037},
art_number={8601037},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2018 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2018 ; Conference Date: 15 November 2018 Through 17 November 2018;  Conference Code:144261},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061822860&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2018.8601037&partnerID=40&md5=2a14c85128929abdcf7eef11eb42e0e5},
affiliation={Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China; Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China},
abstract={A simple Polar code optimization algorithm for a two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI) channel is proposed for ultra-high density magnetic recording, such as bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) and two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), by exploiting the mutual information (MI) between input and output of 2D detector (2D-DET) to re-model the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) messages as Gaussian distribution. The new method, which captures the error characteristics of magnetic recording, builds a bridge of Polar code optimization between the 2D-ISI channels and AWGN channels. The 'gap' due to the 2D-ISI, can be computed by the new modeling, so the classic polar code optimization techniques previously developed for the AWGN channel that are not effective can be re-used in 2D-ISI channels. © 2018 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Polar code;  two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI);  two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR)},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  White noise, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Error characteristics;  Input and outputs;  Log likelihood ratios (LLR);  Mutual informations;  Polar codes;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 61501250},
funding_details={Schizophrenia Research FundSchizophrenia Research Fund, SRF},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61771149},
funding_details={Norsk SykepleierforbundNorsk Sykepleierforbund, NSF},
funding_text 1={This work is supported by NSF of China for Young Scientists (Grant No. 61501250), SRF for ROCS, SEM., and NSF of China (Grant No. 61771149).},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., Thefeasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 onconventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track jointdetection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patternedmedia with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (7). , Jul; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decisionfeedback algorithm for 2D inter-symbol interferencechannel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEETrans. Magn, 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Jun; Kong, L., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J., Han, G., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXIT-chart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISIchannels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , Jun; Kong, L., Cai, K., Chen, P., Bing, F., Detector-awareLDPC code optimization for ultra-high density magneticrecording channels (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (11). , Nov},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538683781},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yuan2019,
author={Yuan, Z. and Ong, C.L. and Santoso, B. and Ang, S. and Wang, H.},
title={Head 3d motion measurement by read sensor},
journal={2018 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2018},
year={2019},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2018.8601036},
art_number={8601036},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2018 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2018 ; Conference Date: 15 November 2018 Through 17 November 2018;  Conference Code:144261},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061817125&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2018.8601036&partnerID=40&md5=ac656440a82f27c08d26cc84bdfeaefc},
affiliation={ASTAR, Data Storage Institute, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore},
abstract={Hard disk drive (HDD) is a mechanical data storage device with head slider flying over disk medium surface. The head medium spacing keeps reducing for the sake of linear density increment. The head flying height (FH) in HDD product is reduced to less than 1 nm of back-off spacing. The intermittent head disk contact happens in HDD and causes additional head motions in 3-dimensions: FH, off-track, and jitter. Increasing FH deteriorates the BER performance. The off-track motion causes track squeeze of adjacent track during writing process and has the potential to loss data in squeezed track. Head jitter motion makes the synchronous writing more challenged for bit patterned medium. It is desired to measure head 3D motion inside HDD. © 2018 IEEE.},
keywords={Jitter;  Magnetic recording;  Virtual storage, BER performance;  Bit-patterned medium;  Data storage devices;  Flying heights;  Hard disk drives;  Head-disk contact;  Linear density;  Writing process, Hard disk storage},
references={Wei Ng, K., Yuan, Z., Liu, B., Method for the In-situ motionmeasurement of Head-slider in both flying height and Off-trACKDIRECTION (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (5), pp. 640-642. , May; Lian Ong, C., Huei Leong, S., Ang, S., Santoso, B., Yuan, Z., Dual track Wallace fly height measurement method tomonitor slider motion in 2D at near contact regime (2016) Microsyst Technol, 22, pp. 1177-1180},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538683781},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2019143,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording Systems with CRC-concatenated Polar Channel Coding Schemes},
journal={SCC 2019 - 12th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding},
year={2019},
pages={143-148},
doi={10.30420/454862025},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 12th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding, SCC 2019 ; Conference Date: 11 February 2019 Through 14 February 2019;  Conference Code:164584},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099484105&doi=10.30420%2f454862025&partnerID=40&md5=79a03b2d437240c8ce96114d646602fc},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={It is known that a CRC (cyclic redundancy check)-concatenated polar coding scheme with successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding can signicantly enhance the error rate performance of the polar code with successive cancellation decoding. This advanced decoding method for the CRC-concatenated polar coding scheme is also called the CRC-aided SCL decoding method. In this research, the CRC-concatenated polar coding schemes are designed for multi-track recording with twodimensional (2D) run-length limited constraints. We evaluate the error rate performances of the two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) systems with the proposed coding and 2D partial response equalization schemes using bit-patterned media. As a result, it shows that the block error rate (BER) performances of the multi-track recording systems with CRC-aided SCL decoding are superior to that of the single recording systems with the conventional high rate binary coding schemes. © 2019 VDE VERLAG GMBH - Berlin - Offenbach.},
author_keywords={Cyclic redundancy check (CRC);  List decoding;  Multi-track recording;  Partail response equalization;  Polar code;  Run-length limited code;  Successive cancellation decoding;  Two-dimensioinal magnetic recording},
keywords={Channel capacity;  Channel coding;  Concatenated codes;  Decoding;  Errors;  Magnetic recording;  Recording instruments, Channel coding schemes;  Cyclic redundancy check;  Error rate performance;  Run-length limited constraints;  Successive cancellation;  Successive-cancellation decoding;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR);  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 16K06313},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by a grant of JSPS KAK-ENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) Grant Number 16K06313.},
references={Arkan, E., Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacityachieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , July; Saito, H., Polar channel coding schemes for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (11), p. 3101907. , Nov. Art; Tal, I., Vardy, A., List decoding of polar codes (2015) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 61 (5), pp. 2213-2226. , May; Sharma, A., Salim, M., Polar code: The channel code contender for 5G scenarios (2017) 2017 International Conference on Computer, Communications and Electronics (Comptelix) Manipal University Jaipur, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur and IRISWORLD, , July 1-2; Sarkis, G., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W. J., Fast polar decoders: Algorithm and implementation (2014) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 32 (5), pp. 946-957. , May; Sarkis, G., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W. J., Fast list decoders for polar codes (2016) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 34 (2), pp. 318-328. , Feb; Arikan, E., A performance comparison of polar codes and Reed-Muller codes (2008) IEEE Commun. Letters, 12, p. 447449. , June; Fayyaz, U. U., Barry, J. R., Polar codes for partial response channels (2013) Proc. 2013 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.(ICC), pp. 4337-4341. , Budapest, Hungary, 9-13 June; Sarkis, G., Gross, W. J., Polar codes for data storage applications (2013) Proc. 2013 Int. Conf. on Comp., Netw. and Comm. (ICNC), p. 840844. , San Diego, CA, USA, Jan. 28-31; Bhatia, A., Taranalli, V., Siegel, P. H., Dahandeh, S., Krishnan, A. R., Lee, P., Qin, D., Yeo, T., Polar codes for magnetic recording channels (2015) Proc. 2015 IEEE Information Workshops (ITW 2015), pp. 1-5. , Jerusalem, Israel, Apr. 26-May 1; Niu, K., Chen, K., CRC-aided decoding of polar codes (2012) IEEE Commun. Lett, 16 (10), pp. 1668-1671. , Oct; Li, B., Shen, H., Tse, D., An adaptive successive cancellation list decoder for polar codes with cyclic redundancy check (2012) IEEE Commun. Lett, 16 (12), pp. 2044-2047. , Dec; Arikan, E., Systematic polar coding (2011) IEEE Commun. Lett, 15 (8), pp. 860-862. , Aug; asoglu, E. S, Polarization and polar codes (2012) Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory, 8 (4), pp. 259-381. , now publishers, Oct; Siegel, P. H., Wolf, J. K., Bit-stuffing bounds on the capacity of 2-dimensional constrained arrays (1998) Proc. 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT1998), p. 323. , Cambridge, MA, USA, Aug.16-21; Kato, A., Zeger, K., On the capacity of two-dimensional run-length constrained channels (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45 (5), pp. 1527-1540. , July; Sabato, G., Molkaraie, M., Generalized belief propagation for the noiseless capacity and information rates of run-length limited constraints (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun, 60 (3), pp. 669-675. , Mar; Marcellin, M. W., Weber, H. J., Two-dimensional modulation codes (1992) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 10 (1), pp. 254-266. , Jan; Naseri, S., Hodtani, G. A., A general write channel model for bitpatterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5), p. 3000612. , May Art; Iyenger, A. R., Siegel, P. H., Wolf, J. K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Weidmann, C., Lechner, G., A fresh look at coding for q-ary symmetric channels (2012) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 58 (11), pp. 6959-6967. , Nov; Wu, T., Armand, M. A., Cruz, J. R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Tran. Magn, 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Zhong, H., Zhong, T., Haratsch, E. F., Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes for the magnetic recording channel: Code design and VLSI implementation (2007) IEEE Tran. Magn, 43 (3), pp. 1118-1123. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied Physics, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
sponsors={Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Huawei; IEEE Information Theory Society German Chapter; Rohde and Schwarz; VDE Verlag GmbH},
publisher={VDE Verlag GmbH},
isbn={9783800748624},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={SCC - Int. ITG Conf. Syst., Commun. Coding},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2019,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Multi-track Recording Systems Using Non-binary Error Correction Coding Schemes for Bit-patterned Magnetic Recording},
journal={SCC 2017 - 11th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding},
year={2019},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 11th International ITG Conference on Systems, Communications and Coding, SCC 2017 ; Conference Date: 6 February 2017 Through 9 February 2017;  Conference Code:151747},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084021646&partnerID=40&md5=10ae7d2831ec6a2e65992b62891ab868},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, a new multi-track recording system based on two-dimensional (2D) signal processing schemes is proposed for bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR). This system uses a non-binary error-correcting code and a modulation code with 2D run-length limited constraints. The signal processing scheme in the proposed system gets mixed readback signal sequences from the parallel adjacent tracks using a single reading head simultaneously. These readback signal sequences are equalized to a frequency response given by a desired 2D generalized partial response (GPR) system for BPMR. In decoding, a single sequence detector using maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation combined with pattern-dependent noise-predictive detection is able to detect the equalized GPR signal sequences for recorded data written in a group of parallel adjacent tracks. Using computer simulation, this decoding scheme improves the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the conventional MAP detection under media noise. © VDE Verlag GMBH. Berlin. Offenback. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Decoding;  Error correction;  Frequency response;  Magnetic recording;  Recording instruments;  Signal to noise ratio, Error correcting code;  Error correction coding;  Generalized partial response;  Maximum a posteriori estimation;  Multi-track recording;  Pattern-dependent noise;  Run-length limited constraints;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Signal processing},
references={Brace, P., Flash and hard drives: A winning combination for future data centers (2015) 2015 Flash Memory Summit and Exhibition, , Santa Clara, CA, Aug.11-13; Yao, J., Hwang, E., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Mathew, G., Two-dimensional equalization and detection for two tracks in array-reader based magnetic recording (2016) Digests of the 27th Magnetic Recording Conf. (TMRC2016), G7, pp. 87-88. , Stanford, CA, U.S.A., Aug. 17-19; Mehrnoush, M., Sivakumar, K., Belzer, B.J., Shafi'ee, S.S., Chan, K.S., Signal processing and coding for TDMR data from grain flipping probability model (2016) Digests of the 27th Magnetic Recording Conf. (TMRC2016), H3, pp. 93-94. , Stanford, CA, U.S.A., Aug. 17-19; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., Two-dimensional maximumlikelihood sequence detection is NP hard (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (12), pp. 7661-7670. , Dec; Sabato, G., Molkaraie, M., Generalized belief propagation for the noiseless capacity and information rates of run-length limited constraints (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun., 60 (3), pp. 669-675. , Mar; Ammar, B., Honary, B., Kou, Y., Xu, J., Lin, S., Construction of low-density parity-check codes based on balanced incomplete block designs (2004) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 50 (6), pp. 1257-1268. , June; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2D Write/read channel for bit patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec. Article #; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Tran. Magn., 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media Channels with Inter-Track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comut. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Barnault, L., Declercq, D., Fast decoding algorithm for LDPC over GF(2q) (2003) IEEE Information Theory Workshop, pp. 70-73. , Paris, France, Mar. 31- Apr. 4; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2D Write/read channel for bit patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec. Article #; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signal dependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 19 (4), pp. 730-743. , Apr; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Reduced latency multi-track data detection methods for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sector (2016) FV-10, 2016 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, , San Diego, California, 11-15 Jan},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied Physics, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
sponsors={DFG; IEEE; IEEE Information Theory Society; Information Technology Society within VDE (ITG); Rohde and Schwarz; Technische Universitat Hamburg-Hamburg (TUHH)},
publisher={VDE Verlag GmbH},
isbn={9783800743629},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={SCC - Int. ITG Conf. Syst., Commun. Coding},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ozatay201967,
author={Ozatay, O. and Hauet, T. and Braganca, P.M. and Wan, L. and Mather, P. and Schneider, M.L. and Thiele, J.-U.},
title={Spin-based data storage},
journal={Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2019},
volume={1-5},
pages={67-122},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10098-0},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078641025&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-12-803581-8.10098-0&partnerID=40&md5=9b4d0f03f2b0de284eaf44d37b6dca7d},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States; Bosch Sensortec, Tempe, AZ, United States; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Seagate Technology, Recording Media Operations, Fremont, CA, United States},
abstract={Spin-based memory offers a unique combination of low cost, low power, high speed, and high density solutions to current data storage needs. However, the demand to increase storage density and improve latency is driving an exhaustive study of alternative storage schemes for the future generations of magnetic memory devices. In this chapter, we focus on some of these advanced technologies such as spin torque magnetic random access memory, patterned media, and energy assisted magnetic recording. We will also discuss the possible evolution of magnetic memory devices into three dimensional architectures, such as race-track memory. We conclude with a discussion of the processing challenges for implementation of these devices, which would require a combination of existing lithography technologies and promising new approaches such as nano-imprint lithography and block-copolymer self-assembly. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={3D magnetic memory;  Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Energy-assisted magnetic recording;  Fabrication;  Field-switch MRAM;  Giant magnetoresistance (GMR);  Hard disk drive;  Magnetic race track memory;  Magnetic random access memory (MRAM);  Magnetic storage;  Magnetic tunnel junction;  Nanoimprint;  Spin-based storage;  Spin-torque MRAM;  Spin-transfer;  Toggle-switch MRAM;  Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR)},
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publisher={Elsevier},
isbn={9780128122952; 9780128122969},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Compr. Nanoscience and Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2019,
author={Nguyen, T.A. and Lee, J.},
title={Error-Correcting 5/6 Modulation Code for Staggered Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2019},
volume={10},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2019.2956671},
art_number={8918049},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075924002&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2019.2956671&partnerID=40&md5=722b7aae8fcb3ba89d88c3c8cce51651},
affiliation={Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising candidate for application in future magnetic recording systems. To achieve a high areal density in BPMR systems, the distance between bit islands is reduced. However, two-dimensional (2-D) interference may occur, including intersymbol interference in the down-track and intertrack interference in the cross track. The overall performance of BPMR is mainly limited by the emergence of 2-D interference in the readback signal. With the staggered-array layout, islands along the neighboring track are displaced by a half period from those on the main track. An island on the main track is primarily affected by the closest islands on the neighboring tracks. To overcome this problem, we introduce an error-correcting 5/6 modulation code that matches the structure of staggered-array bit-patterned media. The simulation results show that the system with the 5/6 modulation code achieves better performance. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  error correcting;  Information storage;  modulation coding;  trellis modulation code},
keywords={Data storage equipment;  Errors;  Recording instruments, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Error-correcting;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Modulation codes;  Modulation coding;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Modulation},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and ICT, South KoreaMinistry of Science and ICT, South Korea, MSIT, NRF-2019R1FA1046899},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korea government (MSIT) under Grant NRF-2019R1FA1046899.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Wu, T.-W., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 3899-3908; Danielsson, P.-E., Euclidean distance mapping (1980) Comput. Graph. Image Process., 14, pp. 227-248; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2142-2144; Kim, J., Lee, J., Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 08KB03; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation code for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 08KB04; Kim, B., Lee, J., 2-D non-isolated pixel 6/8 modulation code (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3501404; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3101204; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Lee, P., Wolf, J.K., A general error-correcting code construction for runlength limited binary channels (1989) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 35, pp. 1330-1335; Lee, J., Madisetti, V.K., Error correcting run-length limited codes for magnetic recording (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, pp. 3084-3086; Lu, P.L., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at 10 Gbit/in2 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, pp. 4230-4232; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nanomasks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3523-3526; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3214-3216; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkook, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C, pp. 528-533; Wolf, J., Underboeck, G., Trellis coding for partial-response channels (1986) IEEE Trans. Commun., 34, pp. 765-773; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 917-923; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 125-131},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2019260,
author={Wang, L. and Yang, C.-H. and Wen, J. and Xiong, B.-S.},
title={Reading Contrast of Phase-Change Electrical Probe Memory in Multiple Bit Array},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology},
year={2019},
volume={18},
pages={260-269},
doi={10.1109/TNANO.2019.2901779},
art_number={8657998},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063265404&doi=10.1109%2fTNANO.2019.2901779&partnerID=40&md5=c7099e5c671d90933266b7d6dc73a066},
affiliation={School of Information Engineering, Nanchang HangKong University, Nanchang, 330069, China},
abstract={Reading contrast of phase-change electrical probe memory is investigated using a newly developed electrical switching model that accurately mimics the threshold switching of the phase-change media. Multiple bit array in either crystalline or amorphous phase is introduced into the model to take into account the influence of the readout cross-talk arising from inter-bit and inter-track interferences. Based on this configuration, the reading contrast is calculated by properly tailoring the electrical and geometrical properties of the capping, phase-change, and bottom layers as well as varying the length of the bit and track pitch. We found that the reading contrast can be significantly enhanced using an ultra-thin phase-change layer sandwiched by an ultra-thin capping layer with an intermediate electrical conductivity, and a relatively thick bottom layer with ultra-high electrical conductivity, as well as maintaining the length of the bit and track pitches similar to the size of the electrical probe. An optimized media stack that is also experimentally achievable from the state-of-the-art film deposition technologies is proposed, enabling a reading contrast of 0.85 for crystalline bit array and of 0.68 for amorphous bit array, close to those induced from isolated bit configuration immune to readout cross-talk. In order to thoroughly eliminate the adverse effect caused by readout cross-talk, the concept of patterned probe phase-change memory is introduced and its practicality for further alleviating the reading contrast is briefly discussed. © 2019 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Ge2Sb2Te5;  multiple bit array;  patterned probe phase-change memories;  phase-change electrical probe memories;  Reading contrast;  readout cross-talk},
keywords={Amorphous films;  Contrast media;  Crosstalk;  Crystalline materials;  Electric conductivity;  Probes, Bit arrays;  Electrical conductivity;  Electrical probes;  Electrical switching;  Ge2Sb2Te5;  Geometrical property;  Inter-track interferences;  Reading contrast, Phase change memory},
funding_details={GJJ170598},
funding_details={SAST2017-106},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, 61866027, GJJ180516},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received January 4, 2019; accepted February 22, 2019. Date of publication March 4, 2019; date of current version March 14, 2019. The work of L. Wang was supported by Foundation of Jiangxi Education Department under Grant GJJ170598. The work of C. H. Yang was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61866027. The work of C. H. Yang was supported by the Foundation of Jiangxi Education Department under grant GJJ180516. The work of J. Wen was supported by the Foundation of Shanghai Aeronautical Innovation under grant SAST2017-106. The work of B. Xiong was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61866027. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor M. Lopez-Vallejo. (Corresponding author: Lei Wang.) The authors are with the School of Information Engineering, Nanchang HangKong University, Nanchang 330069, P. R. China (e-mail:,LeiWang@nchu. edu.cn; yangcihui@nchu.edu.cn; wenj@nchu.edu.cn; xiongbangshu@nchu. edu.cn). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNANO.2019.2901779},
references={Reinsel, D., Gantz, J., Rydning, J., (2017) Data Age 2025: The Evolution of Data to Life-critical, pp. 1-25. , IDC White Paper; Iwasaki, S., Perpendicular magnetic recording-Its development and realization (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 244-247; Gu, M., Zhang, Q.-M., Lamon, S., Nanomaterials for optical data storage (2016) Nat. Rev. Mater., 1; Lu, C.Y., Future prospects of NAND Flash memory technology - The evolution from floating gate to charge trapping to 3D stacking (2012) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 12, pp. 7604-7618; Wong, H.S., Phase change memory (2010) Proc. IEEE, 98, pp. 2201-2227; Wright, C.D., Armand, M., Aziz, M.M., Terabit-per-square-inch data storage using phase-change media and scanning electrical nanoprobes (2006) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 5 (1), pp. 50-61. , Jan; Wright, C.D., The design of rewritable ultrahigh density scanningprobe phase-change memories (2011) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 10 (4), pp. 900-912. , Jul; Sun, X., Rob, U., Gerlach, J.W., Lotnyk, A., Rauschenbach, B., Nanoscale bipolar electrical switching of Ge2 Sb2 Te5 phase-change material thin films (2017) Adv. Electron. Mater., 3, pp. 1700283-1700288; Pandian, R., Kooi, B.J., Palasantzas, G., De Hosson, J.T.M., Pauza, A., Nanoscale electrolytic switching in phase-change chalcogenide films (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 4431-4437; Bhaskaran, H., Sebastian, A., Drechsler, U., Despont, M., Encapsulated tip for reliable nanoscale conduction in scanning probe technologies (2009) Nanotechnology, 20; Wright, C.D., Hosseini, P., Vazquez-Diosdado, J.A., Beyond von- Neumann computingwith nanoscale phase-change memory devices (2013) Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, pp. 2248-2254; Wang, L., Wright, C.D., Aziz, M.M., Yang, C.H., Yang, G.W., Optimisation of readout performance of phase-change probe memory in terms of capping layer and probe tip (2014) Electron. Mater. Lett., 10, pp. 1045-1049; Gallo, M.L., Kaes, M., Sebastian, A., Krebs, D., Subthreshold electrical transport in amorphous phase-change materials (2015) New J. Phys., 17; Kaes, M., Gallo, M.L., Sebastian, A., Salinga, M., Krebs, D., High-field electrical transport in amorphous phase-change materials (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 118; Wang, L., Wen, J., Yang, C.H., Gai, S., Peng, Y.X., The route for ultrahigh recording density using probe-based data storage device (2015) NANO, 10; Bhaskaran, H., Sebastian, A., Despont, M., Nanoscale PtSi tips for conducting probe technologies (2009) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 8 (1), pp. 128-131. , Jan; Wang, L., Yang, C.H., Wen, J., Xiong, B.S., Amorphization optimization of Ge2 Sb2 Te5 media for electrical probe memory applications (2018) Nanomaterials, 8, pp. 368-377; Wang, L., Wen, J., Yang, C.H., Xiong, B.S., Potential of ITO thin films for electrical probe memory applications (2018) Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 791-801; Hosseini, P., Wright, C.D., Bhaskaran, H., An optoelectronic framework enabled by low dimensional phase-change films (2014) Nature, 511, pp. 206-211; Gidon, S., Lemonnier, O., Rolland, B., Bichet, O., Dressler, C., Electrical probe storage using joule heating in phase change media (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, pp. 6392-6394; Kalb, J., Saepen, F., Wuttig, M., Atomic force microscopy measurements of crystal nucleation and growth rates in thin films of amorphous Te alloys (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, pp. 5240-5242; Satoh, H., Sugawara, K., Tanaka, K., Nanoscale phase changes in crystalline Ge2 Sb2 Te5 films using scanning probe microscopes (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99; Robertson, J., Diamond like amorphous carbon (2002) Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 37, pp. 129-281; Wang, L., Wen, J., Yang, C.H., Gai, S., Miao, X.S., Optimisation of write performance of phase-change probe memory for future storage applications (2015) Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 7, pp. 870-878; Liang, H.L., Xu, J., Zhou, D.Y., Sun, X., Chu, S.C., Bai, Y.Z., Thickness dependent microstructural and electrical properties of TiN thin films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering (2016) Ceram. Int., 42, pp. 2642-2647; Jeyachandran, Y.L., Narayandass, S.K., Mangalaraj, D., Areva, S., Mielczarski, J.A., Properties of titanium nitride films prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering (2007) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 445-446, pp. 223-226; Yokota, K., Nakamura, K., Kasuya, T., Mukai, K., Ohnishi, M., Resistivities of titanium nitride films prepared onto silicon by an ion beam assisted deposition method J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 37, pp. 1095-1101; Yang, Z.Y., Chen, Y.H., Liao, B.H., Chen, K.P., Room temperature fabrication of titanium nitride thin films as plasmonic materials by highpower impulse magnetron sputtering (2016) Opt. Mater. Express, 6, pp. 540-551; Van Bui, H., Kovalgin, A.Y., Wolters, R.A.M., On the difference between optically and electrically determined resistivity of ultra-thin titanium nitride films (2013) Appl. Surf. Sci., 269, pp. 45-49; Balandin, A.A., Shamsa, M., Liu, W.L., Casiraghi, C., Ferrari, A.C., Thermal conductivity of ultrathin tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93; Wang, L., Gong, S.D., Yang, C.H., Wen, J., Towards low energy consumption data storage era using phase-change probe memory with TiN bottom electrode (2016) Nanotechnol. Rev., 5, pp. 455-460; Fu, D., Unipolar resistive switching properties of diamondlike carbon-based RRAM devices (2011) IEEE Electron. Dev. Lett., 32 (6), pp. 803-805. , Jun; Bachmann, T.A., Temperature evolution in nanoscale carbon-based memory devices due to local joule heating (2017) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 16 (5), pp. 806-811. , Sep; Simpson, R.E., Toward the ultimate limit of phase-change in Ge2 Sb2 Te5 (2009) Nano. Lett., 10, pp. 414-419; Hayat, H., Kohary, K., Wright, C.D., Ultrahigh storage densities via the scaling of patterned probe phase-change memories (2017) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 16 (5), pp. 767-772. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Wang, L.; School of Information Engineering, China; email: LeiWang@nchu.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1536125X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kato2019,
author={Kato, T. and Oshima, D. and Iwata, S.},
title={Ion irradiation for planar patterning of magnetic materials},
journal={Crystals},
year={2019},
volume={9},
number={1},
doi={10.3390/cryst9010027},
art_number={27},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060200197&doi=10.3390%2fcryst9010027&partnerID=40&md5=25591d55ae76419fc6a4053835972045},
affiliation={Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={Kr+ ion dose dependence of the magnetic properties of MnGa films and the fabrication of planar-patterned MnGa films by the local ion irradiation technique were reviewed. The magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy of the MnGa vanished at an ion dose of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 due to the phase change of the MnGa from ferromagnetic L10 to paramagnetic A1 phase. The average switching field Hsw of the planar-patterned MnGa increased with decreasing the bit size, implying low bit edge damage in the patterned MnGa, whereas a rather large switching field distribution (SFD) of 25% was confirmed for a bit size of ~40 nm. Time resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements revealed that as-prepared MnGa exhibits an effective anisotropy field Hkeff = 20 kOe, its distribution ∆Hkeff = 200 Oe, and Gilbert damping α = 0.008. The ion-irradiated MnGa films exhibited larger Hkeff = 22–23 kOe than that of the MnGa before the ion dose. Thus, ion irradiation does not decrease the perpendicular anisotropy, which suggests a small bit edge in the patterned MnGa. ∆Hkeff increased from 0.2 kOe to 3 kOe, whereas the length of disorder in the film ξ decreased from 10 nm to 3 nm by ion irradiation. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Ion irradiation;  Magnetic recording;  Phase change;  Surface flatness},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16H04328, 16K18091, 17H03249, 17K18878, 17K8878},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This research was funded by the JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 16H04328, 16K18091, 17H03249, and 17K8878, and also funded by the Project of Creation of Life Innovation Materials for Interdisciplinary and International Researcher Development of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, and the Research Program of “Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials” in “Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices”.},
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Mater., 324, pp. 1617-1621; Oshima, D., Tanimoto, M., Kato, T., Fujiwara, Y., Nakamura, T., Kotani, Y., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Modifications of Structure and Magnetic Properties of L10 MnAl and MnGa Films by Kr+ Ion Irradiation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of Magnetic Properties of MnGa films by Kr+ Ion Irradiation for Application to Bit Patterned Media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 3608-3611; Oshima, D., Tanimoto, M., Kato, T., Fujiwara, Y., Nakamura, T., Kotani, Y., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Ion Irradiation-Induced Magnetic Transition of MnGa Alloy Films Studied by X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Low-Temperature Hysteresis Loops (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Switching field distribution of MnGa bit patterned film fabricated by ion beam irradiation (2018) IEEE Trans. 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correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Electronics, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Japan; email: kato.takeshi@b.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
publisher={MDPI AG},
issn={20734352},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Crystals},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2019,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Signal detection under multipath intersymbol interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2019},
volume={10},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2019.2891446},
art_number={8605343},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059809818&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2019.2891446&partnerID=40&md5=842829a60c9c6224b2d496b7e85df832},
affiliation={Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording was invented with the aim of achieving high areal density. However, bit-patterned media recording suffers from two-dimensional (2-D) interference problems, including intersymbol interference in the down-track direction and intertrack interference in the cross-track direction. The 2-D interference corrupts the readback signal and degrades the performance of bit-patterned media recording. Unlike the layout of regular-array bit-patterned media, in the layout of staggered-array bit-patterned media, islands along neighboring tracks are displaced by a half-period from islands on the main data track; hence, in terms of intertrack interference, the islands on the main data track are predominantly affected by the closest four islands on neighboring tracks. To address this problem, a proper signal detection scheme for staggered bit-patterned media recording should be developed. In this letter, we introduce a multipath soft-output Viterbi algorithm for reducing the 2-D interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording. We investigate different partial response targets and compare the performances of the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and proposed three-path soft-output Viterbi algorithm. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  Information storage;  intersymbol interference;  partial response maximum likelihood;  soft-output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Equalizers;  Intersymbol interference;  Maximum likelihood;  Target tracking;  Viterbi algorithm;  Wave interference, Arrays;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Layout;  Media;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Two-dimensional displays, Signal detection},
funding_details={Ministry of Trade, Industry and EnergyMinistry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOTIE, 20184010201690},
funding_details={Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and PlanningKorea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, KETEP},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Human Resources Program in Energy Technology of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, South Korea (20184010201690).},
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correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bhavani20181944,
author={Bhavani, S. and Charanya, R. and Mahadevan, R. and Malathy, E. and Priya, M.},
title={Future of storage technologies},
journal={International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology},
year={2018},
volume={9},
number={13},
pages={1944-1953},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063559669&partnerID=40&md5=b388ac1a30aaae66db379d45f1f0f702},
affiliation={School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu  632014, India},
abstract={Digital innovations, storage and retrieval of data have revolutionized the way in which information is used. With this, the maintenance of digital media has become a challenging task. On the off chance that some individual from the future– two decades or two centuries from now– made an excursion back in order to today, they would probably chuckle at our usage of hard drives and USB sticks, in the same way now contemplate floppy plates and Zip drives.[1] Digital innovation is assuming control over the world, and researchers are working diligently to investigate better ways to deal with store information – loads and heaps of it, and for drawn out extends of time. ©IAEME Publication.},
author_keywords={Bit Patterned Media (BPM);  Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD);  USB},
references={Lee, H.G., High-performance NAND and PRAM hybrid storage design for consumer electronics (2010) IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 56 (1). , Feb; Ma, Y., Liu, B., Dominant factors in lubricant transfer and accumulation in slider-disk interface (2008) Tribology Letters, 29 (2), pp. 119-127. , Feb 1; Ma, Y., Liu, B., Dominant factors in lubricant transfer and accumulationin slider-disk interface (2008) Tribol Lett, 29, pp. 119-127; Liu, N., Zheng, J., Bogy, D.B., Thermal flying-height control sliders in air-helium gas mixtures (2011) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47 (1), pp. 100-104. , Jan; Park, K.S., Analysis of accumulated lubricant for air–helium gas mixture in HDDs (2016) Microsystem Technologies, 22 (6), pp. 1205-1211. , Jun 1; Park, K.S., The optimal helium fraction for air–helium gas mixture HDDs (2016) Microsystem Technologies, 22 (6), pp. 1307-1314. , Jun 1; Deepika, G., Holographic versatile disc (2011) InInnovations in Emerging Technology (NCOIET), 2011 National Conference on, pp. 145-146. , Feb 17 . IEEE; Goldman, N., Bertone, P., Chen, S., Dessimoz, C., LeProust, E.M., Sipos, B., Birney, E., Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA (2013) Nature, 494 (7435), p. 77. , Feb; Suresh, A., Gibson, G., Ganger, G., Shingled magnetic recording for big data applications (2012) Carnegie Mellon University Parallel Data Lab Technical Report CMU, , PD L-12–105. May; Pinole, M., Data Storage Technologies for The Future, , https://www.backblaze.com/blog/data-storage-technologies-of-the-future/; SiStasio, C., Six Futuristic Data Storage Technologies, , https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/20/six-futuristic-data-storage-technologies/; Monaco, A.P., Larin, Z., YACS, BACs, PACS and MACS: Artificial chromosomes as research tools (1994) Trends in Biotechnology, 12 (7), pp. 280-286. , Jul 1; Carr, P.A., Church, G.M., Genomeengineering (2009) Nature Biotechnol, 27, pp. 1151-2116; Willerslev, E., Cappellini, E., Boomsma, W., Nielsen, R., Hebsgaard, M.B., Brand, T.B., Hofreiter, M., Johnsen, S., Ancient biomolecules from deep ice cores reveal a forested southern Greenland (2007) Science, 317 (5834), pp. 111-114. , Jul 6; Green, R.E., Krause, J., Briggs, A.W., Maricic, T., Stenzel, U., Kircher, M., Patterson, N., Hansen, N.F., A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome (2010) Science, 328 (5979), pp. 710-722. , May 7; Kari, L., Mahalingam, K., (2009) Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook, 2. , 2nd edition eds Atallah, M. J. & Blanton, M Chapman & Hall 31-1-31-24; Paun, G., Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A., DNA computing—new computing paradigms (1998) Text in Theoretical Computer Science, An EATCS Series; Watson, J.D., Crick, F.H., Molecular structure of nucleic acids (1953) Nature, 171 (4356), pp. 737-738. , Apr 25},
publisher={IAEME Publication},
issn={09766308},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int.J. Civ. Eng. Technol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Causer2018672,
author={Causer, G.L. and Zhu, H. and Davis, J. and Ionescu, M. and Mankey, G.J. and Wang, X.L. and Klose, F.},
title={The microstructural evolution of chemical disorder and ferromagnetism in He + irradiated FePt 3 films},
journal={Applied Surface Science},
year={2018},
volume={459},
pages={672-677},
doi={10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.028},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051131935&doi=10.1016%2fj.apsusc.2018.08.028&partnerID=40&md5=a29bdb50a57673a7f472c3a235397124},
affiliation={Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales  2500, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales  2234, Australia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China},
abstract={This paper investigates the role of ion-induced disorder on the morphology and magnetic properties of chemically ordered FePt 3 films. The effects are studied for 15 keV He + ions as a function of the ion fluence for 0, 2 × 10 16 and 2 × 10 17 ions cm −2 . Substitutional mixing of the L1 2 -type Fe-Pt sites takes place within the region of the chemically ordered FePt 3 film affected by the irradiation. This accompanies a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition, as determined by room-temperature magnetometry. Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements confirm that the 15 keV He + ions induce a 120 nm-thick chemically disordered layer into the sub-surface region of the nominally 280 nm-thick ordered FePt 3 film. The average domain size and the fractional density of the chemically ordered domains within the irradiated FePt 3 microstructure are found to mutually decrease with increasing ion fluence. Selected-area electron diffraction results demonstrate that the film's single crystallinity is preserved after irradiation, irrespective of the ion fluence. High-resolution TEM elucidates the coexistence of ordered domains and precipitate disordered domains in the near-surface, low-ion impacted regions of the FePt 3 film. Collectively, this work provides detailed insights into the material-science relationship between ion-induced disorder and ferromagnetism in FePt 3 , as a step towards creating fully customisable, ion-beam-synthesised magnetic nano-elements. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Chemical disorder;  Ferromagnetism;  Ion fluence;  Ion irradiation;  Thin film},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Electron diffraction;  Ferromagnetism;  High resolution transmission electron microscopy;  Ion beams;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Platinum alloys;  Thin films;  Transmission electron microscopy, Average domain size;  Bit-patterned media;  Chemical disorder;  Dark-field transmission electron microscopy;  Ferromagnetic transitions;  High-resolution TEM;  Ion fluences;  Selected area electron diffraction, Iron alloys},
funding_details={10850},
funding_details={Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and EngineeringAustralian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, AINSE},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) for ANSTO facilities, where sample irradiations, TEM and magnetometry were conducted under proposals 5062, 5247, 5808 and 10850. G.L.C. acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research Training Program Award (AGRTP) and the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) Postgraduate Research Award (PGRA).},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetoris, D., Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in 2 (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, p. 102406; Alexander, J., Ngo, T., Dahandeh, S., Exploring two-dimensional magnetic recording gain constraints (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53, p. 3000304; Bosu, S., Sepehri-Amin, H., Sakuraba, Y., Kasai, S., Hayashi, M., Hono, K., High frequency out-of-plane oscillation with large cone angle in mag-flip spin torque oscillators for microwave assisted magnetic recording (2017) Appl. Phys. Lett., 110, p. 142403; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., The thermodynamic limits of magnetic recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033909; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, pp. 403-405; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., Topical review: tailoring magnetism by light-ion irradiation (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37, pp. R179-R196; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabrication and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222; Cortie, D.L., Khaydukov, Y., Keller, T., Sprouster, D.J., Hughes, J.S., Sullivan, J.P., Wang, X.L., Klose, F., Enhanced magnetisation of cobalt defect clusters embedded in TiO 2-δ films (2017) ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 9, pp. 8783-8795; Sharma, P.A., Lima Sharma, A.L., Hekmaty, M., Hattar, K., Stavila, V., Goeke, R., Erickson, K., Oh, S., Ion beam modificaiton of topological insulator bismuth selenide (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105, p. 242106; Maat, S., Hellwig, O., Zeltzer, G., Fullerton, E.E., Mankey, G.J., Crow, M.L., Robertson, J.L., Antiferromagnetic structure of FePt 3 films studied by neutron scattering (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 134426; Saerbeck, T., Klose, F., Lott, D., Mankey, G.J., Lu, Z., LeClair, P.R., Schmidt, W., Schreyer, A., Artificially modulated chemical order in thin films: a different approach to create ferro/antiferromagnetic interfaces (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 134409; Causer, G.L., Cortie, D.L., Zhu, H., Ionescu, I., Mankey, G.J., Wang, X.L., Klose, F., Direct measurement of the intrinsic sharpness of magnetic interfaces formed by chemical disorder using a He + Beam (2018) ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 10, pp. 16216-16224; Maat, S., Kellock, A.J., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Fullerton, E.E., Ferromagnetism of FePt 3 films induced by ion-beam irradiation (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 265, pp. 1-6; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Theoretical study of magnetic pattern repllication by He + ion irradiation through stencil masks (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 249, pp. 452-457; Lu, Z., Walock, M.J., LeClair, P.R., Mankey, G.J., Mani, P., Lott, D., Klose, F., Sales, B.C., Structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe 25 Pt 75 (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 27, pp. 770-775; Pastuovic, Z., Button, D., Cohen, D., Fink, D., Garton, D., Hotchkis, H., Ionescu, M., Wilcken, K., SIRIUS - a new 6 MV accelerator system for IBA and AMS at ANSTO (2016) Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 371, pp. 142-147; Ziegler, J.F., Ziegler, M.D., Biersack, J.P., SRIM - the stopping and range of ions in matter (2010) Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 268, pp. 1818-1823; (2017), www.crsytalmaker.com, Oxford, England. Software available at <>; Stadelmann, P.A., EMS - a software package for electron diffraction analysis and HREM image simulation in material science (1987) Ultramicroscopy, 21, pp. 131-145; Bacon, G.E., Crangle, J., Chemical and magnetic order in platinum-rich Pt+Fe alloys (1963) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 272, pp. 387-405},
correspondence_address1={Causer, G.L.; Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australia; email: gracec@ansto.gov.au},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={01694332},
coden={ASUSE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Surf Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guo2018,
author={Guo, S. and Xu, F. and Wang, B. and Wang, N. and Yang, H. and Dhanapal, P. and Xue, F. and Wang, J. and Li, R.-W.},
title={2D Magnetic Mesocrystals for Bit Patterned Media},
journal={Advanced Materials Interfaces},
year={2018},
volume={5},
number={21},
doi={10.1002/admi.201800997},
art_number={1800997},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052465863&doi=10.1002%2fadmi.201800997&partnerID=40&md5=5eeb25c30d948e654e27f84e7c61a07c},
affiliation={CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore},
abstract={Bit patterned media exhibits great potential in satisfying the increasing demand for higher information storage density, but the present media fabrication technique is complicated. Here, a 2D magnetic mesocrystal with monodisperse CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanocrystals is fabricated through a combination of nanoseeds layer growth and oxides self-assembly method. The monodisperse CFO nanomagnets protrude from the substrate surface with perfect crystal facets, specific crystallographic orientation, and are fully relaxed. Systematic magnetic characterizations, such as dynamic cantilever magnetometry for single CFO nanocrystal, magnetic force microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry for large area, reveal the novel tilted magnetic anisotropy and the switchable single domain state. This work provides a new way to fabricate bit patterned media with controlled material structure simply by a nanoseeds-mediated self-assembly method. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim},
author_keywords={2D magnetic CoFe2O4 mesocrystals;  bit patterned media;  nanoseeds-mediated self-assembly;  single domain state;  tilted magnetic anisotropy},
keywords={Crystal orientation;  Crystallography;  Iron compounds;  Magnetism;  Magnetometers;  Magnetometry;  Nanocrystals;  Quantum interference devices;  Self assembly;  SQUIDs, Bit-patterned media;  CoFe2O4;  Crystallographic orientations;  Magnetic characterization;  Nanoseeds;  Self-assembly method;  Single-domain state;  Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={2015B11001},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 11374305, 11474295, 11604338, 51525103, 51571208, 6171101158},
funding_details={Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of SciencesYouth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016270},
funding_details={National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), 2016YFA0201102, 2017YFA0303201},
funding_details={Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014TDG-HSC001},
funding_details={Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Technology Talent ProgramChinese Academy of Sciences Key Technology Talent Program, KJZD-EW-M05},
funding_details={Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and TechnologyInnovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology, 2017FXZY003},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0201102, 2017YFA0303201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51571208, 51525103, 11474295, 11374305, 11604338, 6171101158), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016270), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-M05), Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Team (2015B11001), the Technological Development Grant of Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014TDG-HSC001), and the Major Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2017FXZY003). F.X. also thanks the support of Recruitment Program for Young Professionals.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Weller, D., Brändle, H., Gorman, G., Lin, C.-J., Notarys, H., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 2726; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinomen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Lee, K., Kuo, D., Weller, D., (2008) 53rd Annual Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, , presented at, Austin, TX, November; Kercher, D., (2008) 53rd Annual Conf. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, , presented at, Austin, TX, November; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062502; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Fischbacher, J., Matthes, P., Kirk, E., Wohlhüter, P., Heyderman, L.J., Schrefl, T., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 120, p. 093904; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506; Cölfen, H., Antonietti, M., (2005) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, p. 5576; Song, R.Q., Cölfen, H., (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, p. 1301; Kim, Y.-Y., Schenk, A.S., Lhli, J., Kulak, A.N., Hetherington, N.B.J., Tang, C.C., Schmahl, W.W., Meldrum, F.C., (2014) Nat. Commun., 5, p. 4341; Zheng, H., Wang, J., Lofland, S.E., Ma, Z., Mohaddes-Ardabili, L., Zhao, T., Salamanca-Riba, L., Ramesh, R., (2004) Science, 303, p. 661; Yang, J.-C., He, Q., Zhu, Y.-M., Lin, J.-C., Liu, H.-J., Hsieh, Y.-H., Wu, P.-C., Chu, Y.-H., (2014) Nano Lett., 14, p. 6073; Zheng, H., Straub, F., Zhan, Q., Yang, P.-L., Hsieh, W.-K., Zavaliche, F., Chu, Y.-H., Ramesh, R., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 2747; Zheng, H., Zhan, Q., Zavaliche, F., Sherburne, M., Straub, F., Cruz, M.P., Chen, L.-Q., Ramesh, R., (2006) Nano Lett., 6, p. 1401; Aimon, N.M., Choi, H.K., Sun, X.Y., Kim, D.H., Ross, C.A., (2014) Adv. Mater., 26, p. 3063; Stratulat, S.M., Lu, X., Morelli, A., Hesse, D., Erfurth, W., Alexe, M., (2013) Nano Lett., 13, p. 3884; Macmanus-Driscoll, J.L., Zerrer, P., Wang, H., Yang, H., Yoon, J., Fouchet, A., Yu, R., Jia, Q., (2008) Nat. Mater., 7, p. 314; Hsieh, Y.-H., Liou, J.-M., Huang, B.-C., Liang, C.-W., He, Q., Zhan, Q., Chiu, Y.-P., Chu, Y.-H., (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, p. 4564; Padilla, J., Vanderbilt, D., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56, p. 1625; Padilla, J., Vanderbilt, D., (1998) Surf. Sci., 418, p. 64; Meyer, B., Padilla, J., Vanderbilt, D., (1999) Faraday Discuss., 114, p. 395; Sano, T., Saylor, D.M., Rohrer, G.S., (2003) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86, p. 1933; Alfredsson, M., Brodholt, J.P., Dobson, D.P., Oganov, A.R., Catlow, C.R.A., Parker, S.C., Price, G.D., (2005) Phys. Chem. Miner., 31, p. 671; Sano, T., Kim, C.S., Rohrer, G.S., (2005) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88, p. 993; Mishra, R.K., Thomas, G., (1977) J. Appl. Phys., 48, p. 4576; Stewart, R.L., Bradt, R., (1980) J. Mater. Sci., 15, p. 67; Huang, M.R., Lin, C.W., Lu, H.Y., (2001) Appl. Surf. Sci., 177, p. 103; Lüders, U., Sánchez, F., Fontcuberta, J., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 045403; Laag, N.J.V.D., Fang, C.M., With, G.D., Wijs, G.A.D., Brongersma, H.H., (2005) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88, p. 1544; Stipe, B.C., Mamin, H.J., Stowe, T.D., Kenny, T.W., Rugar, D., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 2874; Gross, B., Weber, D.P., Rüffer, D., Buchter, A., Heimbach, F., Fontcuberta i Morral, A., Grundler, D., Poggio, M., (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 93, p. 064409; Jang, J., Ferguson, D.G., Vakaryuk, V., Budakian, R., Chung, S.B., Goldbart, P.M., Maeno, Y., (2011) Science, 331, p. 186; Weber, D.P., Rüffer, D., Buchter, A., Xue, F., Russo-Averchi, E., Huber, R., Berberich, P., Poggio, M., (2012) Nano Lett., 12, p. 6139; Mehlin, A., Xue, F., Liang, D., Du, H.F., Stolt, M.J., Jin, S., Tian, M.L., Poggio, M., (2015) Nano Lett., 15, p. 4839; Franco, A., e Silva, F.C., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 172505},
correspondence_address1={Wang, B.; CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, China; email: wangbaomin@nimte.ac.cn},
publisher={Wiley-VCH Verlag},
issn={21967350},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Interfaces},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Griffiths2018,
author={Griffiths, R.A. and Warren, J.L. and Barton, C.W. and Miles, J.J. and Nutter, P.W. and Thomson, T.},
title={Temperature-Dependent Studies of Coupled Fe55Pt45 / Fe49Rh51 Thin Films},
journal={Physical Review Applied},
year={2018},
volume={10},
number={5},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevApplied.10.054015},
art_number={054015},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056305251&doi=10.1103%2fPhysRevApplied.10.054015&partnerID=40&md5=a156cf7eb170129b62a391a54bc51954},
affiliation={Nano Engineering and Storage Technologies Research Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Equiatomic Fe50Rh50, with its highly unusual antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at approximately 370 K, provides the ability to create artificial multifunctional materials when combined with high-anisotropy magnetic thin films in an exchange-mediated structure. We investigate the temperature dependence of switching in L10 Fe55Pt45/Fe49Rh51 bilayer thin films, where the Fe49Rh51 assists the switching of the Fe55Pt45 at modestly increased temperatures. A simple layered macrospin model is able to capture the switching characteristics of these films and shows good agreement with experimental results. Patterned L10 Fe55Pt45/Fe49Rh51structures, measured using the anomalous Hall effect, show a similar temperature-dependent switching behavior, paving the way for reduced switching fields in future applications including heat-assisted bit-patterned-media recording and spintronic devices. © 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.},
keywords={Antiferromagnetic materials;  Binary alloys;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic thin films;  Platinum alloys;  Rhodium alloys;  Switching;  Temperature distribution;  Thin films, Anomalous hall effects;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Ferromagnetic Phase Transition;  Increased temperature;  Multi-functional materials;  Switching characteristics;  Temperature dependence;  Temperature dependent, Iron alloys},
funding_details={EP/G017905/1},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/K008412/1},
funding_text 1={The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the UK EPSRC through Grant No. EP/K008412/1. R. A. Griffiths acknowledges the North West Nanoscience Doctoral Training Centre (NOWNANO DTC) through Grant No. EP/G017905/1.},
references={Jiang, M., Chen, X.Z., Zhou, X.J., Wang, Y.Y., Pan, F., Song, C., Influence of film composition on the transition temperature of (Equation presented) films (2016) J. Cryst. Growth, 438, p. 19; Kubaschewski, O., (1982) IRON - Binary Phase Diagrams, , (Springer-Verlag, West Berlin); Fallot, M., Less Alliages du Fer Avec les Métaux de la Famille du Platine (1938) Ann. Phys. (N.Y.), 10, p. 291; Kouvel, J.S., Hartelius, C.C., Anomalous magnetic moments and transformations in ordered alloy (1962) J. Appl. Phys., 33, p. 1343. , (Equation presented); Weller, D., Mosendz, O., Parker, G., Pisana, S., Santos, T.S., L10 (Equation presented)X-Y media for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210, p. 1245; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Weller, D., Parker, G., Mosendz, O., Champion, E., Stipe, B., Wang, X., Klemmer, T., Ajan, A., A HAMR technology roadmap to an areal density of (Equation presented) (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3100108; Ju, G., Peng, Y., Chang, E.K.C., Ding, Y., Wu, A.Q., Zhu, X., Kubota, Y., Thiele, J.-U., High density heat-assisted magnetic recording media and advanced characterization - Progress and challenges (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 3201709; Chen, X.Z., Feng, J.F., Wang, Z.C., Zhang, J., Zhong, X.Y., Song, C., Jin, L., Pan, F., Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance driven by magnetic phase transition (2017) Nat. Commun., 8, p. 449; Cherifi, R.O., Ivanovskaya, V., Phillips, L.C., Zobelli, A., Infante, I.C., Jacquet, E., Garcia, V., Bibes, M., Electric-field control of magnetic order above room temperature (2014) Nat. Mater., 13, p. 345; Marti, X., Fina, I., Frontera, C., Liu, J., Wadley, P., He, Q., Paull, R.J., Ramesh, R., Roomerature antiferromagnetic memory resistor (2014) Nat. Mater., 13, p. 367; Tishin, A.M., Spichkin, Y.I., Recent progress in magnetocaloric effect: Mechanisms and potential applications (2014) Int. J. Refrig., 37, p. 223; Thiele, J.-U., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., /(Equation presented) exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 2859. , (Equation presented); Thiele, J.-U., Maat, S., Robertson, J.L., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic and structural properties of (Equation presented)-(Equation presented) exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2537; Guslienko, K.Y., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Mryasov, O., Chantrell, R., Weller, D., Magnetization reversal via perpendicular exchange spring in (Equation presented) bilayer films (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 104405; Kronmuller, H., Goll, D., Micromagnetic theory of the pinning of domain walls at phase boundaries (2002) Physica B, 319, p. 122; Vogler, C., Albert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond (Equation presented) (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, p. 102406; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Write modeling and read signal processing for heat-assisted bit-patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 3000510; Neumann, A., Thönnißen, C., Frauen, A., Heße, S., Meyer, A., Peter, H., Probing the magnetic behavior of single nanodots (2013) Nanoletters, 13, p. 2199; Granz, S.D., Kryder, M.H., Granular L10 (001) thin films for heat assisted magnetic recording (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 287; Granz, S.D., Barmak, K., Kryder, M.H., Granular L10 (Equation presented):X ((Equation presented), B, C, (Equation presented), (Equation presented)) thin films for heat assisted magnetic recording (2013) Eur. Phys. J. B, 86, p. 81; Thiele, J.-U., Buess, M., Back, C.H., Spin dynamics of the antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition of (Equation presented) on a sub-picosecond time scale (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 2857; Ono, T., Nakata, H., Moriya, T., Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Shimatsu, T., Addition of (Equation presented) to L10-(Equation presented) thin film to lower Curie temperature (2016) Appl. Phys. Expr., 9, p. 123002; Barton, C.W., Ostler, T.A., Huskisson, D., Kinane, C.J., Haigh, S.J., Hrkac, G., Thomson, T., Substrate induced strain filed in (Equation presented) epilayers grown on single crystal (Equation presented) (001) substrates (2017) Sci. Rep., 7, p. 44397; Kittel, C., (2004) Introduction to Solid State Physics, , 8th ed. (Wiley, New York); Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwicket, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Bublat, T., Goll, D., Temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of L10-(Equation presented) nanostructures and films (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 113910; Evans, R.F.L., Pan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials (2014) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 26, p. 103202; Richter, H.J., Parker, G.J., Temperature Dependence of the Anisotropy Field of L10 (Equation Presented) Near the Curie Temperature, , [cond-mat.mes-hall]; Buschow, K.H.J., (2010) Handbook of Magnetic Materials, 19. , 1st Ed (Elsevier, Amsterdam); Antoniak, C., Lindner, J., Fauth, K., Thiele, J.-U., Minár, J., Mankovsky, S., Ebert, H., Farle, M., Composition dependence of exchange stiffness in (Equation presented) alloys (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 064403; Pugh, E.M., Rostoker, N., Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials (1952) Rev. Mod. Phys., 25, p. 151; De Vries, M.A., Loving, M., Mihai, A.P., Lewis, L.H., Heiman, D., Marrows, C.H., Hall-effect characterization of the metamagnetic transition in (2013) New J. Phys., 15, p. 013008. , (Equation presented); Alexandrou, M., Nutter, P.W., Delalande, M., De Vries, J., Hill, E.W., Schedin, F., Abelmann, L., Thomson, T., Spatial sensitivity mapping of Hall crosses using patterned magnetic nanostructures (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 043920; Griffiths, R.A., Nutter, P.W., Neumann, A., Thönnißen, C., Wilhelm, E.-S., Thomson, T., Signal asymmetries in the anomalous Hall effect of bilayer magnetic nanostructures (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 109, p. 132401; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., Reversal mechanisms in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024412},
correspondence_address1={Griffiths, R.A.; Nano Engineering and Storage Technologies Research Group, Oxford Road, United Kingdom},
publisher={American Physical Society},
issn={23317019},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Rev. Appl.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2018,
author={Wang, Y. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Wen, Y. and Li, P.},
title={Channel Modeling and Multi-Island Recording Scheme on Bit-Patterned Media with Long-Range Island Orientation Fluctuations},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2851301},
art_number={8418778},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050626777&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2851301&partnerID=40&md5=46373d3f99def546533208ab152d6de6},
affiliation={School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States; Carnegie Mellon, University Africa, Kigali, United States},
abstract={Media noise is inevitable in bit-patterned media (BPM) due to fabrication imperfections, and degrades the bit error rate (BER) performance of channel. In this paper, a new channel model is proposed to characterize the media noise in BPM fabricated with cost-effective self-assembled technology, which exhibits long-range island orientation fluctuations in addition to the usual local island position and size fluctuations. To alleviate the effects of the significant media noise and write errors for such BPM at 4 Tera-islands/in2 density, we have proposed a recording scheme that uses multiple islands (2 by 2 islands) for 1-bit information in contrast to the conventional recording scheme of recording 1 bit on one island. For both recording schemes using low-density parity check code at the same user areal density (0.9 Tb/in2), when the island orientation fluctuation is large (i.e., ≥ 10 °), the proposed 4 islands/bit scheme outperforms 1 island/bit scheme. This BER improvement is because the write error and media noise become increasingly dominant compared to the readback error caused by the inter-track interference and additive white Gaussian noise when the island orientation fluctuation is large. Although the proposed multiple islands recording scheme decreases the user density significantly, the proposed model can be helpful in developing more advanced signal processing and coding techniques that can alleviate the long-range island orientation fluctuations without such a sacrifice in user density. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  island orientation fluctuation;  media noise;  multi-island recording},
keywords={Channel coding;  Computerized tomography;  Contrast media;  Cost effectiveness;  Errors;  Fabrication;  Forward error correction;  Gaussian noise (electronic);  Magnetic recording;  Satellite communication systems;  Signal processing;  Turbo codes;  Wave interference;  White noise, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Fluctuations;  Media;  Media noise;  multi-island recording;  Orientation fluctuation, Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61672246},
funding_details={Chongqing Municipal Education CommissionChongqing Municipal Education Commission, CQMEC, KJ1711268},
funding_details={Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier TechnologyChongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology, cstc2015jcyjBX0019, cstc2016jcyjA0145},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by The Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology under Grant cstc2015jcyjBX0019 and Grant cstc2016jcyjA0145, in part by the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grant KJ1711268, and in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61672246.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Heatassisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2 (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (10), p. 102406; Liu, Z., Jiao, Y., Victora, R.H., Composite media for high density heat assisted magnetic recording (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (23), p. 232402; Jiao, Y., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., A study of SNR and BER in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Write modeling and read signal processing for heat-assisted bit-patterned media recording (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54 (2). , Feb; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, pp. 1910-1914. , Dec; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10). , Oct; Kong, L., He, L., Chen, P., Han, G., Fang, Y., Protograph-based quasicyclic LDPC coding for ultrahigh density magnetic recording channels (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Sundar, V., Zhu, J., Laughlin, D.E., Zhu, J.-G., Novel scheme for producing nanoscale uniform grains based on templated two-phase growth (2014) Nano Lett., 14 (3), pp. 1609-1613; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Wang, S., Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R., Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2 (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17c115; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Shannon, C.E., A mathematical theory of communications (1948) Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, pp. 379-423; Yang, M., Ryan, W.E., Li, Y., Design of efficiently encodable moderate-length high-rate irregular LDPC codes (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun., 52 (4), pp. 564-570. , Apr; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1997) Electron. Lett., 33 (6), pp. 457-458},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, China; email: yaowang898@sjtu.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Khittiwitchayakul2018,
author={Khittiwitchayakul, S. and Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Reduced Complexity Window Decoding of Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes for Magnetic Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2832252},
art_number={8401538},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049352768&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2832252&partnerID=40&md5=fd1aeee7ea9e84a0d76f6af3df8d5d00},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes have emerged to possess capacity-approaching performance. The SC-LDPC codes can be decoded by a sliding window, therefore, the decoding latency and complexity of SC-LDPC codes are lower than those of underlying LDPC codes when the codeword length is very large. In this paper, the SC-LDPC decoder with the sliding window is employed in turbo equalization of magnetic recording systems. We examine the bit error rates (BERs) of the output of the sliding window during the iterative decoding, and then observe that the consecutive code blocks have approximately the same BERs. Herein, to reduce decoding complexity of SC-LDPC codes, the consecutive code blocks can be considered as the output of SC-LDPC codes. In addition, the non-uniform schedule update is adopted in the window decoding to avoid unnecessary updates within a window. The simulation results show that the proposed decoding algorithms applied in bit-patterned media magnetic recording systems can achieve a significant reduction in complexity compared to the traditional decoding without any loss in BER performance. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code;  non-uniform schedules;  spatially coupled codes;  turbo equalization;  window decoding},
keywords={Decoding;  Equalizers;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Recording instruments;  Satellite communication systems;  Scheduling, Complexity theory;  Coupled code;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Microsoft windows;  Non-uniform;  Turbo equalizations, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={National Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Science and Technology Development Agency, NSTDA},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, KREF016104},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund under Grant KREF016104 and in part by the National Science and Technology Development Agency.},
references={Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Performance and complexity of 32 k-bit binary LDPC codes for magnetic recording channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2244-2247. , Jun; Felstrom, A.J., Zigangirov, K.S., Time-varying periodic convo-lutional codes with low-density parity-check matrix (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45 (6), pp. 2181-2191. , Sep; Kudekar, S., Richardson, T.J., Urbanke, R.L., Threshold saturation via spatial coupling: Why convolutional LDPC ensembles perform so well over the BEC (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (2), pp. 803-834. , Feb; Lentmaier, M., Sridharan, A., Costello, D.J., Sh Zigangirov, K., Iterative decoding threshold analysis for LDPC convolutional codes (2010) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 56 (10), pp. 5274-5289. , Oct; Iyengar, A.R., Papaleo, M., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Vanelli-Coralli, A., Corazza, G.E., Windowed decoding of protograph-based LDPC convolutional codes over erasure channels (2012) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 58 (4), pp. 2303-2320. , Apr; Sharon, E., Presman, N., Litsyn, S., Convergence analysis of generalized serial message-passing schedules (2009) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 27 (6), pp. 1013-1024. , Aug; Hassan, N.U., Pusane, A.E., Lentmaier, M., Fettweis, G.P., Costello, D.J., Non-uniform window decoding schedules for spatially coupled LDPC codes (2017) IEEE Trans. Commun., 65 (2), pp. 501-510. , Feb; Thorpe, J., (2003) Low-density Parity-check (LDPC) Codes Constructed from Protographs, , JPL, Pasadena, CA, USA, IPN Prog. Rep. 42-154; Mitchell, D.G.M., Lentmaier, M., Costello, D.J., Spatially coupled LDPC codes constructed from protographs (2015) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 61 (9), pp. 4866-4889. , Sep; Hoeher, P.A., Land, I., Sorger, U., Log-likelihood values and Monte Carlo simulation-Some fundamental results (2000) Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes Iterative Inf. Process., pp. 43-46; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), Jun., pp. 6249-6254; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Pusane, A.E., Felstrom, A.J., Sridharan, A., Lentmaier, M., Zigangirov, K.S., Costello, D.J., Jr., Implementation aspects of LDPC convolutional codes (2008) IEEE Trans. Commun., 56 (7), pp. 1060-1069. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Phakphisut, W.; Faculty of Engineering, Thailand; email: watid.ph@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2018,
author={Jeong, S. and Kim, J. and Lee, J.},
title={Performance of bit-patterned media recording according to island patterns},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2833099},
art_number={8383702},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048534990&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2833099&partnerID=40&md5=557615419d59706a1736579b36f47f77},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Because of the exponential increase in internal and external information, we need to handle the enormous amount of data. However, there is a limit to data storage on hard disk drives because of a super-paramagnetism phenomenon which prevents the formation of a high areal density (AD). Accordingly, research about bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) that stores one bit in a single magnetic island is actively in progress. BPMR can increase stored data quantities by adjusting the distance between islands. However, inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference cause problems that degrade performance due to bit period and small track pitch, respectively. Moreover, the island pattern also affects the performance because depending on the pattern, 2-D interference is changed. In this paper, we experiment to find the case that minimizes the bit error ratio in the same AD with various distances between the islands, and compares the performance in the staggered and rectangular patterns. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit islands;  Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  inter-track interference (ITI);  staggered islands},
keywords={Data structures;  Magnetic recording;  Tunnelling magnetoresistance;  Wave interference, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Media;  Parity check codes;  Performance evaluations;  staggered islands;  Tunneling magnetoresistance, Hard disk storage},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the Korea Government (MSIP) through the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={Lu, P.-L., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at 10 Gbit/in2 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232. , Nov; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D data-dependent media noise in shingled magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with noise filter for patterned media storage (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 07B742. , Apr; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1996) Electron. Lett., 32 (18), pp. 1645-1646. , Aug; Shin, B., Seol, C., Chung, J.-S., Kong, J.J., Error control coding and signal processing for flash memories (2012) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), pp. 409-412. , May; Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Performance and complexity of 32 k-bit binary LDPC codes for magnetic recording channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2244-2247. , Jun; Jeong, S., Lee, J., LDPC product coding scheme with extrinsic information for bit patterned media recoding (2017) AIP Adv., 7 (5), p. 056513; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative LDPC-LDPC product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , Mar; Lee, J., Lee, J., Park, T., Error control scheme for high-speed DVD systems (2005) IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 51 (4), pp. 1197-1203. , Nov; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , Mar; Arrayangkoo, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 17A904. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2018,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Two-dimensional signal processing systems using CRC-polar coding and list decoding for bit-patterned magnetic recording},
journal={2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018},
year={2018},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2018.8508411},
art_number={8508411},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018 ; Conference Date: 23 April 2018 Through 27 April 2018;  Conference Code:141475},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066800969&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2018.8508411&partnerID=40&md5=dfd9455f4f3e32d1bff9b3f5d954ec0b},
affiliation={School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={In this research, a new effective signal processing scheme is proposed for a two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) system using bit-patterned media (BPM). The proposed signal processing scheme uses concatenated cyclic redundancy check polar (CRC-polar) codes [1] as modulation codes and a non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code as an error-correction code (ECC). In decoding process, successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoders [1] are introduced. These SCL decoders are expected to give an error rate performance improvement to the successive cancellation decoder of [2]. In these list decoder, several decoding paths are considered concurrently at each decoding stage. At the end of the decoding process, the most likely path among these survived paths is selected as the single codeword at the decoder output. © 2018 IEEE.},
keywords={Concatenated codes;  Error correction;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Modulation, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Cyclic redundancy check;  Error correction codes;  Error rate performance;  Nonbinary low-density paritycheck codes (LDPC);  Successive cancellation;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR);  Two-dimensional signals, Decoding},
references={Tal, I., Vardy, A., (2015) IEEE Trans. Inf Theory, 61 (5), pp. 2213-2226. , May; Arikan, E., (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , July; Sarkis, G., (2014) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 32 (5), pp. 946-957. , May; Wu, T., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Zhong, H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (7), pp. 1118-1123. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; School of Advanced Engineering, Japan},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538664254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Buahing2018,
author={Buahing, K. and Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C.},
title={A rate-5/6 2D modulation code for single-reader/two-track reading in BPMR systems},
journal={2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018},
year={2018},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2018.8508426},
art_number={8508426},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018 ; Conference Date: 23 April 2018 Through 27 April 2018;  Conference Code:141475},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066796680&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2018.8508426&partnerID=40&md5=546dee5d2aea2cf53ed2da09fa755ad0},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand},
abstract={A reduction in the track width of magnetic recording systems results in a welcome increase in areal density (AD), but also in the unfortunate appearance of extreme inter-track interference (ITI) that can severely deteriorate system performance. The effect of severe ITI may be mitigated through the use of coding schemes [1]. In this paper, therefore, we present a rate-5/6 two-dimensional (2D) modulation code that is designed based on a proposed single-reader/two-track reading (SRTR) technique to cope with this serious problem in staggered bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. We then evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system in the presence ofmedia noise, e.g., position and size fluctuation. Our simulation results indicate that, at the same user density (UD), the proposed system is better than an uncoded system by about 1.0 dB at the BER of 10-5 and is also superior to a conventional recording system. © 2018 IEEE.},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Magnetism;  Modulation;  Recording instruments, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Modulation codes;  Recording systems;  Size fluctuations;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Bit error rate},
references={Pituso, K., Warisarn, C., Tongsomporn, D., Kovintavewat, P., An intertrack interference subtraction scheme for a rate-4/5 modulation code for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Magn. Lett., 7; Yamashita, M., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Buajong, C., Warisarn, C., Multitrack reading scheme with single reader in BPMR systems (2017) Proc. Of IEECON 2017, pp. 457-460. , Pattaya, Thailand, 8-10Mar},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538664254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Busyatras2018,
author={Busyatras, W. and Jongsawat, N. and Myint, L.M. and Warisarn, C.},
title={A bit-flipping technique based on 2D modulation constraint in BPMR systems},
journal={2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018},
year={2018},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2018.8508198},
art_number={8508198},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference, INTERMAG 2018 ; Conference Date: 23 April 2018 Through 27 April 2018;  Conference Code:141475},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066782635&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2018.8508198&partnerID=40&md5=20985ffbcf5d4011bcfea95535ec180d},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand, Thanyaburi, Thailand; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand; Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, Thailand},
abstract={Inter-track interference (ITI) cancelation is one of the considerable challenges for high areal density (AD) magnetic recording such as in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. In literature, the two-dimensional (2D) modulation codes have been proposed to cancel the ITI effect [1, 2] which can efficiently improve the overall system performance, e.g., a rate-5/6 2D modulation code [2]. Although the rate-5/6 modulation code ensures that the readback signal of the center track will not be corrupted by severe ITI; however, both the upper and lower tracks can still be interfered by their sidetracks. To improve this shortcoming; therefore, we propose the bit-flipping technique that performs together with the rate-5/6 2D modulation code. Here, the relationship between the data encoding condition and soft-information obtained from the soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector is utilized to be a criterion for flipping the ambiguous data bits. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system is better than the conventional coded system under with/without media noise and track mis-registration. © 2018 IEEE.},
keywords={Decoding;  Magnetism;  Viterbi algorithm, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Soft information;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Track misregistration;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Modulation},
references={Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3), p. 3101207. , Mar; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITI mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533. , Jun; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538664254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goldfarb2018,
author={Goldfarb, I. and Cesura, F. and Dascalu, M.},
title={Magnetic Binary Silicide Nanostructures},
journal={Advanced Materials},
year={2018},
volume={30},
number={41},
doi={10.1002/adma.201800004},
art_number={1800004},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046276637&doi=10.1002%2fadma.201800004&partnerID=40&md5=64af901905c31b3f94b751273420f7e6},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel},
abstract={In spite of numerous advantageous properties of silicides, magnetic properties are not among them. Here, the magnetic properties of epitaxial binary silicide nanostructures are discussed. The vast majority of binary transition-metal silicides lack ferromagnetic order in their bulk-size crystals. Silicides based on rare-earth metals are usually weak ferromagnets or antiferromagnets, yet both groups tend to exhibit increased magnetic ordering in low-dimensional nanostructures, in particular at low temperatures. The origin of this surprising phenomenon lies in undercoordinated atoms at the nanostructure extremities, such as 2D (surfaces/interfaces), 1D (edges), and 0D (corners) boundaries. Uncompensated superspins of edge atoms increase the nanostructure magnetic shape anisotropy to the extent where it prevails over its magnetocrystalline counterpart, thus providing a plausible route toward the design of a magnetic response from nanostructure arrays in Si-based devices, such as bit-patterned magnetic recording media and spin injectors. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim},
author_keywords={epitaxial growth;  magnetic silicides;  nanostructures;  scanning tunneling microscopy (STM);  superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)},
keywords={Epitaxial growth;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Nanostructures;  Quantum interference devices;  Rare earths;  Scanning tunneling microscopy;  Silicides;  SQUIDs;  Transition metal compounds;  Transition metals, Ferromagnetic orderings;  Low dimensional nanostructures;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic shape anisotropies;  Magnetocrystalline;  Nanostructure arrays;  Transition metal silicides;  Weak ferromagnets, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Weizmann Institute of ScienceWeizmann Institute of Science},
funding_details={Israel Science FoundationIsrael Science Foundation, ISF, 1321/13},
funding_details={Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv University, TAU},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 1321/13). The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable technical assistance of L. Burstein (Wolfson Applied Materials Research Centre at Tel Aviv University) and G. Leitus (Chemical Research Support of the Weizmann Institute of Science).},
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B, 83, p. 165409},
correspondence_address1={Goldfarb, I.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ramat Aviv, Israel; email: ilang@eng.tau.ac.il},
publisher={Wiley-VCH Verlag},
issn={09359648},
coden={ADVME},
pubmed_id={29717783},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv Mater},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2018,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Three Typical Bit Position Patterns of Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2018},
volume={9},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2018.2863210},
art_number={8424900},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051033821&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2018.2863210&partnerID=40&md5=6f48079636aa8a094f1c724fd79973a5},
affiliation={Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation magnetic storage systems in order to increase areal density. BPMR exhibits massive two-dimensional interference, however, that consists of horizontal intersymbol interference from neighboring bits and vertical intertrack interference (ITI) from adjacent tracks. In this letter, we investigate the performance of BPMR according to the spacing and position of magnetic islands when we use a partial-response maximum-likelihood detection scheme and low-density parity check code. We compare bit error rate performance when the islands are arranged in a regular array and when the islands are arranged in a staggered array. Simulation results show that substantially increased bit error rate performance can be achieved through the use of trigonal half-delayed layout island patterns that reduce the ITI. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  Information storage;  intertrack interference;  island patterns;  staggered islands},
keywords={Channel coding;  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Maximum likelihood;  Satellite communication systems;  Signal encoding;  Wave interference, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Fluctuations;  Inter-track interferences;  island patterns;  Layout;  Media;  Parity check codes;  staggered islands, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (NRF-2016R1A2B4011270).},
references={Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative channel detection with LDPC product code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 8205204; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with noise filter for patterned media storage (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109, p. 07B742; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-Assembled nanomasks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3523-3526; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48, pp. 1976-1983; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and twodimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3535-3538; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 3101304; Nguyencd Lee, J., 9/12 2-Dmodulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53, p. 3101207; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3214-3216; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2255-2260; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, pp. 453-456. , 1st ed. New York, NY, USA: Academic; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51, p. 3002611; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 36-42; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 917-923; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 125-131},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dallorto2018,
author={Dallorto, S. and Staaks, D. and Schwartzberg, A. and Yang, X. and Lee, K.Y. and Rangelow, I.W. and Cabrini, S. and Olynick, D.L.},
title={Atomic layer deposition for spacer defined double patterning of sub-10 nm titanium dioxide features},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2018},
volume={29},
number={40},
doi={10.1088/1361-6528/aad393},
art_number={405302},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051436754&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6528%2faad393&partnerID=40&md5=a5c975b86e4985b78b86b95b1ab2d201},
affiliation={Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States; Ilmenau University of Technology, Department of Micro-and Nanoel. Syst.D-98684, Germany; Oxford Instruments, 300 Baker Avenue, Concord, MA  01742, United States; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA  94538, United States; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA  94143, United States},
abstract={The next generation of hard disk drive technology for data storage densities beyond 5 Tb/in2 will require single-bit patterning of features with sub-10 nm dimensions by nanoimprint lithography. To address this challenge master templates are fabricated using pattern multiplication with atomic layer deposition (ALD). Sub-10 nm lithography requires a solid understanding of materials and their interactions. In this work we study two important oxide materials, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, as the pattern spacer and look at their interactions with carbon, chromium and silicon dioxide. We found that thermal titanium dioxide ALD allows for the conformal deposition of a spacer layer without damaging the carbon mandrel and eliminates the surface modification due to the reactivity of the metal-organic precursor. Finally, using self-assembled block copolymer lithography and thermal titanium dioxide spacer fabrication, we demonstrate pattern doubling with 7.5 nm half-pitch spacer features. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={atomic layer deposition;  bit patterned media;  double patterning;  sequential infiltration synthesis;  template fabrication},
keywords={Atoms;  Block copolymers;  Chromium compounds;  Hard disk storage;  Lithography;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Organometallics;  Silica;  Surface treatment;  Titanium dioxide;  Titanium oxides, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Conformal deposition;  Data storage density;  Double patterning;  Metal organic precursors;  Oxide materials;  Template fabrication, Atomic layer deposition},
funding_details={Office of ScienceOffice of Science, SC},
funding_text 1={This work was completed at the Molecular Foundry and supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are especially grateful to Oxford Instruments for support of SD. Further we thank Seagate Technology LLC for support of DS. These authors would like to thank Simone Sassolini, Michael Elowson and Hilary Brunner for their support.},
references={Yang, X., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, pp. 652-671; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage techology (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev., 44, pp. 311-322; Yang, X., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25, pp. 2202-2209; Okazaki, S., Resolution limits of optical lithography (1991) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 9, pp. 2829-2833; Manfrinato, V.R., Resolution limits of electron-beam lithography toward the atomic scale (2013) Nano Lett., 13, pp. 1555-1558; Dobisz, E.A., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media (2010) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Austin, M.D., Fabrication of 5 nm linewidth and 14 nm pitch features by nanoimprint lithography (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, pp. 5299-5301; Peroz, C., Single digit nanofabrication by step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography (2011) Nanotechnology, 23; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, pp. 1-42; Kuhn, K.J., Process technology variation (2011) IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 58, pp. 2197-2208; Lee, C.G., Kanarik, K.J., Gottscho, R.A., The grand challenges of plasma etching: A manufacturing perspective (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47 (27); Donnelly, V.M., Kornblit, A., Plasma etching: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow (2013) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 31; Owa, S., Current status and future prospect of immersion lithography (2006) SPIE 31st Int. Symp. on Advanced Lithography, 6154, p. 615408; Borodovsky, Y., Marching to the beat of Moore's Law (2006) SPIE 31st Int. Symp. on Advanced Lithography, 6153, p. 615301; Raley, A., (2016) A Spacer-on-spacer Scheme for Self-aligned Multiple Patterning and Integration SPIE Newsroom, , https://doi.org/10.1117/2.1201608.006583; Yu, Z., Fabrication of large area 100 nm pitch grating by spatial frequency doubling and nanoimprint lithography for subwavelength optical applications (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 19, pp. 2816-2819; Dhuey, S., Obtaining nanoimprint template gratings with 10 nm half-pitch by atomic layer deposition enabled spacer double patterning (2013) Nanotechnology, 24 (10); Beynet, J., Low temperature plasma-enhanced ALD enables cost-effective spacer defined double patterning (SDDP) (2009) SPIE Lithography Asia, 7520, p. 75201J; Profijt, H., Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition: Basics, opportunities, and challenges (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 29; Beynet, J., Low temperature plasma-enhanced ALD enables cost-effective spacer defined double patterning (SDDP) (2009) Lithography Asia 2009, 7520, p. 75201J; Bak, C.H., Ultrahigh density sub-10 nm TiO2 nanosheet arrays with high aspect ratios via the spacer-defined double-patterning process (2015) Polymer, 60, pp. 267-273; Mackus, A., Bol, A., Kessels, W., The use of atomic layer deposition in advanced nanopatterning (2014) Nanoscale, 6, pp. 10941-10960; Moon, H.S., Atomic layer deposition assisted pattern multiplication of block copolymer lithography for 5 nm scale nanopatterning (2014) Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, pp. 4343-4348; Gottscho, R.A., Jurgensen, C.W., Vitkavage, D., Microscopic uniformity in plasma etching (1992) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 10, pp. 2133-2147; Griffiths, R.A., Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for use in bit patterned media fabrication (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46 (50); Patel, K., Line-frequency doubling of directed self-assembly patterns for single-digit bit pattern media lithography (2012) Pro. SPIE, 8323; Liu, Z., Super-selective cryogenic etching for sub-10 nm features (2012) Nanotechnology, 24; Staaks, D., Low temperature dry etching of chromium towards control at sub-5 nm dimensions (2016) Nanotechnology, 27 (41); Olynick, D.L., Liddle, J.A., Rangelow, I.W., Profile evolution of Cr masked features undergoing HBr-inductively coupled plasma etching for use in 25nm silicon nanoimprint templates (2005) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 23, pp. 2073-2077; Welch, C.C., Formation of nanoscale structures by inductively coupled plasma etching (2013) Int. Conf. on Micro-and Nano-Electronics 2012, 8700, p. 870002; Gu, X., High aspect ratio sub-15 nm silicon trenches from block copolymer templates (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 5688-5694; Van Hemmen, J., Plasma and thermal ALD of Al2O3 in a commercial 200 mm ALD reactor (2007) J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, pp. G165-G169; Tompkins, H., Irene, E.A., (2005) Handbook of Ellipsometry, , (Norwich, NY: Elsevier); Peng, Q., Nanoscopic patterned materials with tunable dimensions via atomic layer deposition on block copolymers (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, pp. 5129-5133; Tseng, Y.-C., Etch properties of resists modified by sequential infiltration synthesis (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 29; Ruiz, R., Image quality and pattern transfer in directed self assembly with block-selective atomic layer deposition (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 30; Tseng, Y.-C., Enhanced polymeric lithography resists via sequential infiltration synthesis (2011) J. Mater. Chem., 21, pp. 11722-11725; Tseng, Y.-C., Enhanced block copolymer lithography using sequential infiltration synthesis (2011) J. Phys. Chem., 115, pp. 17725-17729; Ramanathan, M., Emerging trends in metal-containing block copolymers: Synthesis, self-assembly, and nanomanufacturing applications (2013) J. Mater. Chem., 1, pp. 2080-2091; Burton, B., SiO2 atomic layer deposition using tris (dimethylamino) silane and hydrogen peroxide studied by in situ transmission FTIR spectroscopy (2009) J. Phys. Chem., 113, pp. 8249-8257; Abendroth, B., Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 from tetrakis (dimethylamino) titanium and H2O (2013) Thin Solid Films, 545, pp. 176-182; Langereis, E., In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry as a versatile tool for studying atomic layer deposition (2009) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42 (7); Mitchell, D., Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and Al2O3 thin films and nanolaminates (2005) Smart Mater. Struct., 15, p. S57},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
pubmed_id={30010091},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dong20184934,
author={Dong, Q. and Meng, Z. and Ho, C.-L. and Guo, H. and Yang, W. and Manners, I. and Xu, L. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={A molecular approach to magnetic metallic nanostructures from metallopolymer precursors},
journal={Chemical Society Reviews},
year={2018},
volume={47},
number={13},
pages={4934-4953},
doi={10.1039/c7cs00599g},
note={cited By 75},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049413853&doi=10.1039%2fc7cs00599g&partnerID=40&md5=5be101199fca00d421f83b57137b6cf4},
affiliation={MOE, Key Laboratory for Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze West Street, Taiyuan, 030024, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Hong Kong; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKBU, Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Institute of Materials, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom},
abstract={In recent years, metallopolymers have attracted much attention as precursors to generate magnetic metal/metal alloy nanoparticles (NPs) through pyrolysis or photolysis because they offer the advantages of ease of solution processability, atomic level mixing and stoichiometric control over composition. The as-generated NPs usually possess narrow size distributions with precise control of composition and density per unit area. Moreover, patterned NPs can be achieved on various substrates in this way owing to the good film-forming property of metallopolymers and such work is important for many applications based on metal nanostructures. By combining the merits of both the solution processability of metallopolymers and nanoimprint lithography (NIL), a new platform can be created for fabricating bit-patterned media (BPM) and the next-generation of nanoscale ultra-high-density magnetic data storage devices. Furthermore, most of these metallopolymers can be used directly as a negative-tone resist to generate magnetic metallic nanostructures by electron-beam lithography and UV photolithography. Self-assembly and subsequent pyrolysis of metalloblock copolymers can also afford well-patterned magnetic metal or metal alloy NPs in situ with periodicity down to dozens of nanometers. In this review, we highlight the use of metallopolymer precursors for the synthesis of magnetic metal/metal alloy NPs and their nanostructures and the related applications. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
funding_details={HKBU12302114, PolyU123172/16P},
funding_details={201603D421032},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/L022532/1},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 21504074, 21701112, 51573151, 61774109, AoE/P-03/08},
funding_details={Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Polytechnic University, PolyU, 1-ZE1C},
funding_details={Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen MunicipalityScience, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, JCYJ20160531193836532, JCYJ20170303160036674},
funding_details={Jilin Province Key R&D Plan ProjectJilin Province Key R&D Plan Project},
funding_text 1={We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61774109, 51573151, 21504074, 21701112), the Areas of Excellence Scheme of HKSAR (AoE/P-03/08), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKBU12302114 and PolyU123172/16P), the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-ZE1C) and the Shenzhen Basic Research Program of the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20160531193836532 and JCYJ20170303160036674). W.-Y. Wong also acknowledges Ms Clarea Au for the Endowed Professorship in Energy (847S). Q. Dong also thanks the financial support from the Youth ‘‘Sanjin’’ Scholar Program and the Key R&D Project of Shanxi Province (International Cooperation Program, Project No. 201603D421032). W.-Y. Wong and I. Manners thank the Royal Society for an International Exchange Grant (2011).},
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Rev., 337, pp. 34-79; Liu, K., Clendenning, S.B., Friebe, L., Chan, W.Y., Zhu, X., Freeman, M.R., Yang, G.C., Manners, I., (2006) Chem. Mater., 18, pp. 2591-2601; Wong, W.-Y., Ho, C.-L., (2010) Acc. Chem. Res., 43, pp. 1246-1256; Mera, G., Gallei, M., Bernard, S., Ionescu, E., (2015) Nanomaterials, 5, pp. 468-540; Zha, Y., Thaker, H.D., Maddikeri, R.R., Gido, S.P., Tuominen, M.T., Tew, G.N., (2012) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, pp. 14534-14541; Scheid, D., Stock, D., Winter, T., Gutmann, T., Dietz, C., Gallei, M., (2016) J. Mater. Chem. C, 4, pp. 2187-2196; Staff, R.H., Gallei, M., Mazurowski, M., Rehahn, M., Berger, R., Landfester, K., Crespy, D., (2012) ACS Nano, 6, pp. 9042-9049; Zhou, G.-J., Wong, W.-Y., (2011) Chem. Soc. Rev., 40, pp. 2541-2566; Lu, Y., Yeung, N., Sieracki, N., Marshall, N.M., (2009) Nature, 460, pp. 855-862; Dong, Q., Li, G., Wang, H., Pong, P.W.-T., Leung, C.W., Manners, I., Ho, C.-L., Wong, W.-Y., (2015) J. Mater. Chem. C, 3, pp. 734-741; Meng, Z., Li, G., Wong, H.-F., Ng, S.-M., Yiu, S.-C., Ho, C.-L., Leung, C.-W., Wong, W.-Y., (2017) Nanoscale, 9, pp. 731-738; Meng, Z., Li, G., Wong, H.-F., Ng, S.-M., Yiu, S.-C., Ho, C.-L., Leung, C.-W., Wong, W.-Y., (2016) Polym. Chem., 7, pp. 4467-4475; Dong, Q., Qu, W., Liang, W., Tai, F., Guo, K., Leung, C.-W., Wong, W.-Y., (2016) J. Mater. Chem. C, 4, pp. 5010-5018; Dong, Q., Qu, W., Liang, W., Guo, K., Xue, H., Guo, Y., Meng, Z., Wong, W.-Y., (2016) Nanoscale, 8, pp. 7068-7074; Berenbaum, A., Ginzburg-Margau, M., Coombs, N., Lough, A.J., Safa-Sefat, A., Greedan, J.E., Ozin, G.A., Manners, I., (2003) Adv. Mater., 15, pp. 51-55; Gilroy, J.B., Patra, S.K., Mitchels, J.M., Winnik, M.A., Manners, I., (2011) Angew. Chem., Int. 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correspondence_address1={Dong, Q.; MOE, 79 Yingze West Street, China; email: dongqingchen@tyut.edu.cn},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={03060012},
coden={CSRVB},
pubmed_id={29774340},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chem. Soc. Rev.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wodarz20182317,
author={Wodarz, S. and Hashimoto, S. and Kambe, M. and Zangari, G. and Homma, T.},
title={Templated Electrochemical Synthesis of Fe-Pt Nanopatterns for High-Density Memory Applications},
journal={ACS Applied Nano Materials},
year={2018},
volume={1},
number={5},
pages={2317-2323},
doi={10.1021/acsanm.8b00391},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078119318&doi=10.1021%2facsanm.8b00391&partnerID=40&md5=82f764a1a6169c878903e893194b3ed7},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and CESE, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA  22904-4745, United States},
abstract={We demonstrate an electrochemical deposition process suitable to form arrays of L10 Fe-Pt nanodots with hard magnetic properties via electron-beam lithography, template deposition, and thermal annealing. Synthesis parameters are selected by growing single and multilayer blanket films and investigating the effect of thermal annealing on the various films. We find that the fastest ordering transformation is achieved in eight-layer Fe-Pt multilayers with a sublayer thickness of 2.5 nm, while a single Fe-Pt layer or four- A nd twenty-layer multilayers exhibit a more sluggish ordering process due to the imperfect layering (twenty-layer) or to the limited mean free path upon annealing (single- A nd four-layer); the coercivity of the eight-layer Fe-Pt multilayer after annealing at 450 °C reached 6.6 kOe, whereas the single Fe-Pt layer showed only 1.0 kOe. TEM imaging and diffraction show that the L10 Fe-Pt nanodot arrays are single crystal with a (111) orientation, suggesting a facile L10 ordering when using a multilayer structure. © Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  electrodeposition;  Fe-Pt;  nanodot arrays;  template deposition},
keywords={Annealing;  Binary alloys;  Crystal orientation;  Electrochemical deposition;  Electrodeposition;  Electron beam lithography;  Multilayer films;  Multilayers;  Nanodots;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum alloys;  Reduction;  Single crystals, Bit-patterned media;  Electrochemical deposition process;  Electrochemical synthesis;  Hard magnetic property;  Multilayer structures;  Nano-dot arrays;  Synthesis parameters;  Template deposition, Iron alloys},
funding_details={Directorate for Mathematical and Physical SciencesDirectorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, MPS, 1207351},
references={Richter, H.J., Harkness, S.D.I.V., Media for Magnetic Recording beyond 100 Gbit/in.2 (2006) MRS Bull., 31, pp. 384-388; Weller, D., Mosendz, O., Parker, G., Pisana, S., Santos, T.S., L10 FePtX-Y Media for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210, pp. 1245-1260; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.-W., Bit Patterned Media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778; Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C.-L., Faisal, M., Leung, C.-W., Pong, P.W.-T., Liu, K., Wong, W.-Y., A Polyferroplatinyne Precursor for the Rapid Fabrication of L10-FePt-type Bit Patterned Media by Nanoimprint Lithography (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 1034-1040; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., Nanosilicon Dot Arrays with a Bit Pitch and a Track Pitch of 25 nm Formed by Electronbeam Drawing and Reactive Ion Etching for 1 Tbit/in. 2 Storage (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131; Ross, C.A., Hwang, M., Shima, M., Cheng, J.Y., Farhoud, M., Savas, T.A., Smith, H.I., Redjdal, M., Micromagnetic Behavior of Electrodeposited Cylinder Arrays (2002) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 65, p. 144417; Oshima, H., Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Itoh, K., Kamimura, T., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, H., Detecting Dynamic Signals of Ideally Ordered Nanohole Patterned Disk Media Fabricated Using Nanoimprint Lithography (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 022508; Sohn, J.-S., Lee, D., Cho, E., Kim, H.-S., Lee, B.-K., Lee, M.-B., Suh, S.-J., The Fabrication of Co-Pt Electro-Deposited Bit Patterned Media with Nanoimprint Lithography (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 025302; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of Magnetic Nanodot Array Using Electrochemical Deposition Processes (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, pp. 8081-8086; Aoyama, T., Okawa, S., Hattori, K., Hatate, H., Wada, Y., Uchiyama, K., Kagotani, T., Sato, I., Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of CoPt Perpendicular Patterned Media (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, pp. 174-178; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots/in2 Bit Patterned Media Fabricated by a Directed Self-Assembly Mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 693-698; Sun, S., Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications of FePt Nanoparticles (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, pp. 393-403; Wang, J.-P., FePt Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Assembly for Future Magnetic Media (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1847-1863; Liang, D., Mallett, J.J., Zangari, G., Electrodeposition of Fe-Pt Films with Low Oxide Content Using an Alkaline Complexing Electrolyte (2010) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2, pp. 961-964; Liang, D., Mallett, J.J., Zangari, G., Phase Transformation and Magnetic Hardening in Electrodeposited, Equiatomic Fe-Pt Films (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, pp. 8100-8104; Luo, C.P., Sellmyer, D.J., Magnetic Properties and Structure of Fe/Pt Thin Films (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, pp. 2764-2766; Endo, Y., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Lowering of Ordering Temperature for Fct Fe-Pt in Fe/Pt Multilayers (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, pp. 7065-7067; Endo, Y., Oikawa, K., Miyazaki, T., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Study of the Low Temperature Ordering of L10-Fe-Pt in Fe/Pt Multilayers (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 94, pp. 7222-7226; Platt, C.L., Wierman, K.W., Svedberg, E.B., Van De Veerdonk, R., Howard, J.K., Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., L10 Ordering and Microstructure of FePt Thin Films with Cu, Ag, and Au Additive (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, pp. 6104-6109; Maeda, T., Kai, T., Kikitsu, A., Nagase, T., Akiyama, J., Reduction of Ordering Temperature of an FePt-Ordered Alloy by Addition of Cu (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 2147-2149; Wodarz, S., Hashimoto, S., Kambe, M., Zangari, G., Homma, T., Fabrication of Electrodeposited FeCuPt Nanodot Arrays Toward L10 Ordering (2018) IEEE Trans. Magn., 54, p. 2300207; Leistner, K., Fahler, S., Schlorb, H., Schultz, L., Preparation and Characterization of Electrodeposited Fe/Pt Multilayers (2006) Electrochem. Commun., 8, pp. 916-920; Yang, X.-M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed Block Copolymer Assembly versus Electron Beam Lithography for Bit Patterned Media with Areal Density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Liang, D., Mallett, J.J., Zangari, G., Underpotential Codeposition of Fe-Pt Alloys from an Alkaline Complexing Electrolyte: Electrochemical Studies (2011) J. Electrochem. Soc., 158, pp. D149-D157; (2017), http://www.icdd.com, JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data; Wodarz, S., Hasegawa, T., Ishio, S., Homma, T., Structural Control of Ultra-Fine CoPt Nanodot Arrays via Electrodeposition Process (2017) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 430, pp. 52-58; Trichy, G.R., Narayan, J., Zhou, H., L10 Ordered Epitaxial FePt (001) Thin Films on TiN/Si (100) by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 132502},
correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={25740970},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Nano Mat.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu2018,
author={Wu, L.},
title={A three-dimensional model for lubricant depletion under sliding condition on bit patterned media of hard disk drives},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2018},
volume={123},
number={18},
doi={10.1063/1.5026817},
art_number={184502},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046994686&doi=10.1063%2f1.5026817&partnerID=40&md5=39b1414feaad26f0a899fa1c56ef9f4f},
affiliation={School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China},
abstract={In this paper, we model the depletion dynamics of the molecularly thin layer of lubricants on a bit patterned media disk of hard disk drives under a sliding air bearing head. The dominant physics and consequently, the lubricant depletion dynamics on a patterned disk are shown to be significantly different from the well-studied cases of a smooth disk. Our results indicate that the surface tension effect, which is negligible on a flat disk, apparently suppresses depletion by enforcing a bottleneck effect around the disk pattern peak regions to thwart the migration of lubricants. When the disjoining pressure is relatively small, it assists the depletion. But, when the disjoining pressure becomes dominant, the disjoining pressure resists depletion. Disk pattern orientation plays a critical role in the depletion process. The effect of disk pattern orientation on depletion originates from its complex interaction with other intermingled factors of external air shearing stress distribution and lubricant particle trajectory. Patterning a disk surface with nanostructures of high density, large height/pitch ratio, and particular orientation is demonstrated to be one efficient way to alleviate the formation of lubricant depletion tracks. © 2018 Author(s).},
keywords={Bearings (machine parts);  Lubricants;  Nanostructures, Bit-patterned media;  Disjoining pressures;  Lubricant depletions;  Particle trajectories;  Pattern orientation;  Sliding conditions;  Surface tension effects;  Three-dimensional model, Hard disk storage},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.},
references={Albrecht, R.T., Arora, H., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 31, p. 203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Deoras, S.K., Talke, F.K., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2471; Ma, X.D., Kuo, D., Chen, J.P., Tang, H., Gui, J., (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, p. 259; Pit, R., Zeng, Q.H., Dai, Q., Marchon, B., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 740; Ma, X.D., Tang, H., Stirniman, M., Gui, J., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 112; Novotny, V.J., Baldwinson, M.A., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 70, p. 5647; Pouwer, A., Kawakubo, Y., Tsuchiyama, R., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1869; Dai, Q., Hendriks, F., Marchon, B., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 696; Marchon, B., Dai, Q., Nayak, V., Pit, R., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 616; Wu, L., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100; Fukui, S., Hozumi, K., Ishibashi, H., Matsuoka, H., (2010) J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf., 4, p. 61; Teletzke, G.F., Davis, H.T., Scriven, L.E., (1988) Rev. Phys. Appl., 23, p. 989; Fukuzawa, K., Muramatsu, T., Amakawa, H., Itoh, S., Zhang, H.D., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3663; Wu, L., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2480; Wu, L., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104},
correspondence_address1={Wu, L.; School of Mechanical Engineering, China; email: linwu.academia@gmail.com},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Buajong2018404,
author={Buajong, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={A simple inter-track interference subtraction technique in Bit-Patterned Media Recording (BPMR) systems},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2018},
volume={E101C},
number={5},
pages={404-408},
doi={10.1587/transele.E101.C.404},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046485533&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E101.C.404&partnerID=40&md5=cc9b417e3484f3d38e156a700dee1141},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, we demonstrate how to subtract the intertrack interference (ITI) before the decoding process in multi-track multihead bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system, which can obtain a better bit error rate (BER) performance. We focus on the three-track/threehead BPMR channel and propose the ITI subtraction technique that performs together with a rate-5/6 two dimensional (2D) modulation code. Since the coded system can provide the estimated recorded bit sequence with a high reliability rate for the center track. However, the upper and lower data sequences still be interfered with their sidetracks, which results to have a low reliability rate. Therefore, we propose to feedback the data from the center and upper tracks for subtracting the ITI effect of the lower track. Meanwhile, the feedback data from the center and lower tracks will be also used to subtract the ITI effect of the upper track. The use of our proposed technique can effectively reduce the severity of ITI effect which caused from the two sidetracks. The computer simulation results in the presence of position and size fluctuations show that the proposed system yields better BER performance than a conventional coded system, especially when an areal density (AD) is ultra high. © 2018 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={2D modulation code;  Bitpatterned media recording (BPMR);  Intertrack interference (ITI) subtraction;  Multi-track multi-head recording},
keywords={Error statistics;  Modulation;  Semiconductor devices, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Decoding process;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Multi tracks;  Size fluctuations;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Bit error rate},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, RSA6080051},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant number RSA6080051, and King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, KMITL, Thailand.},
references={Shiroishi, K., Fukuda, Y., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording with patterned FePt recording media using a lollipop near field transducer (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115 (17), p. 17B719; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Nov; Ahmed, M.Z., Davey, P.J., Kurihara, Y., Constructive intertrack interference (CITI) codes for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287, pp. 432-436. , Nov; Kurihara Y Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M.Z., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (22), pp. 3140-3143. , Aug; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bitpatterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17A904; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., An ITImitigation 5/6 modularion code for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (6), pp. 528-533. , June; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (8 S2), p. 08KB04. , Aug; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 9/12 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (3). , March; Yamashita, M., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Read/write channel modeling and twodimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Jiang, W., Khera, G., Wood, R., Williams, M., Smith, N., Ikeda, Y., Cross-track noise profile measurement for adjacent-track interference study and write-current optimization in perpendicular recording (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93 (10), pp. 6754-6756; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Kurkoski, B.M., Towards efficient detection of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2008) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E91-A (10), pp. 2696-2704. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation (AMI), Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Warisarn2018,
author={Warisarn, C. and Busyatras, W. and Myint, L.M.M.},
title={Soft-information flipping approach in multi-head multi-track BPMR systems},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2018},
volume={8},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.5003450},
art_number={056509},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040170034&doi=10.1063%2f1.5003450&partnerID=40&md5=007fae849ec51cb998dad028152dc4a8},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; School of Science and Technology, SIU, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand},
abstract={Inter-track interference is one of the most severe impairments in bit-patterned media recording system. This impairment can be effectively handled by a modulation code and a multi-head array jointly processing multiple tracks; however, such a modulation constraint has never been utilized to improve the soft-information. Therefore, this paper proposes the utilization of modulation codes with an encoded constraint defined by the criteria for soft-information flipping during a three-track data detection process. Moreover, we also investigate the optimal offset position of readheads to provide the most improvement in system performance. The simulation results indicate that the proposed systems with and without position jitter are significantly superior to uncoded systems. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Multi tracks;  Position jitter;  Soft information;  Track data;  Uncoded system, Modulation},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, RSA6080051},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund under the grant number RSA6080051, Thailand.},
references={Evans, R.F.L., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100 (10); Shiroishi, Y., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), p. 3816; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (2), p. 189; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., (2014) JAP, 115, p. 17B703; Warisarn, C., Arrayangkool, A., Kovintavewat, P., (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98 (6), p. 528; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., (2015) JAP, 117, p. 17A904; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11); Victora, R.H., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (5), p. 1697; Banan, E., Barry, J.R., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (6); Zheng, N., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50; Myint, L.M.M., Warisarn, C., (2017) AIP Advances, 7; Nikolić, B., Leung, M.M., Fu, L.K., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (3), p. 1168; Kim, J., Wee, J., Lee, J., (2010) JJAP, 49; Nabavi, S., (2008), Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., CMU, Pittsburgh, PA, USA},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2018,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative decoding of SOVA and LDPC product code for bit-patterned media recoding},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2018},
volume={8},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.5003429},
art_number={056503},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85038424168&doi=10.1063%2f1.5003429&partnerID=40&md5=e040f45c89c62d3b6965c705ad7ed897},
affiliation={Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={The demand for high-density storage systems has increased due to the exponential growth of data. Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies to achieve the density of 1Tbit/in2 and higher. To increase the areal density in BPMR, the spacing between islands needs to be reduced, yet this aggravates inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference and degrades the bit error rate performance. In this paper, we propose a decision feedback scheme using low-density parity check (LDPC) product code for BPMR. This scheme can improve the decoding performance using an iterative approach with extrinsic information and log-likelihood ratio value between iterative soft output Viterbi algorithm and LDPC product code. Simulation results show that the proposed LDPC product code can offer 1.8dB and 2.3dB gains over the one LDPC code at the density of 2.5 and 3 Tb/in2, respectively, when bit error rate is 10-6. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Codes (symbols);  Digital storage;  Forward error correction;  Inventory control;  Iterative methods;  Satellite communication systems;  Turbo codes;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Decoding performance;  Extrinsic information;  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Log likelihood ratio;  Low density parity check, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Ministry of Science ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science ICT and Future Planning},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea},
funding_details={Ministry of Science ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) (NRF-2016R1A2B4011270).},
references={Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3523; Gallager, R.G., (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8, p. 21; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., (2016) IET Commun., 10, p. 1730; Kim, J., Lee, J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 594; Jeong, S., Lee, J., (2017) AIP Adv., 47, p. 594},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Szívós201831,
author={Szívós, J. and Pothorszky, S. and Soltys, J. and Serényi, M. and An, H. and Gao, T. and Deák, A. and Shi, J. and Sáfrán, G.},
title={CoPt/TiN films nanopatterned by RF plasma etching towards dot-patterned magnetic media},
journal={Applied Surface Science},
year={2018},
volume={435},
pages={31-38},
doi={10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.062},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034046841&doi=10.1016%2fj.apsusc.2017.11.062&partnerID=40&md5=bd624c3df015e60d0f9bbb38b0fbab60},
affiliation={Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29–33, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular- and Nanotechnologies, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, Veszprém, H-8200, Hungary; Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia; School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan},
abstract={CoPt thin films as possible candidates for Bit Patterned magnetic Media (BPM) were prepared and investigated by electron microscopy techniques and magnetic measurements. The structure and morphology of the Direct Current (DC) sputtered films with N incorporation were revealed in both as-prepared and annealed state. Nanopatterning of the samples was carried out by means of Radio Frequency (RF) plasma etching through a Langmuir-Blodgett film of silica nanospheres that is a fast and high throughput technique. As a result, the samples with hexagonally arranged 100 nm size separated dots of fct-phase CoPt were obtained. The influence of the order of nanopatterning and anneling on the nanostructure formation was revealed. The magnetic properties of the nanopatterned fct CoPt films were investigated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). The results show that CoPt thin film nanopatterned by means of the RF plasma etching technique is promising candidate to a possible realization of BPM. Furthermore, this technique is versatile and suitable for scaling up to technological and industrial applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Ferromagnetic thin films;  Langmuir-Blodgett film;  Nanopatterning;  Ordered nanostructures;  RF plasma etching},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Film preparation;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetism;  Magnetoplasma;  Nanostructures;  Plasma etching;  Plasma theory;  Platinum alloys;  Silica;  Thin film transistors;  Thin films;  Wave plasma interactions, Ferromagnetic thin films;  High-throughput technique;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  NanoPatterning;  Ordered nanostructures;  Patterned magnetic media;  Structure and morphology;  Vibrating sample magnetometer, Langmuir Blodgett films},
references={Leitao, D.C., Paz, E., Silva, A.V., Moskaltsova, A., Knudde, S., Deepak, F.L., Ferreira, R., Freitas, P.P., “Nanoscale Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensing Devices With Soft Pinned Sensing Layer and Low Aspect Ratio” (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), p. 4410508; Rahm, M., Bentner, J., Biberger, J., Schneider, M., Zweck, J., Schuh, D., Weiss, D., “Hall-Magnetometry on Ferromagnetic Micro-Rhombs” (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), pp. 2085-2087; Metaxas, P.J., Sushruth, M., Begley, R.A., Ding, J., Woodward, R.C., Maksymov, I.S., Albert, M., Kostylev, M., “Sensing magnetic nanoparticles using nano-confined ferromagnetic resonances in a magnonic crystal” (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, pp. 1-5. , 232406; , 1, pp. 328-331. , Chang Liu, Thomas Tsao, Yu-Chong Tai, Wenheng Liu, Peter Will, Chih-Ming Ho, “A Micromachined Permalloy Magnetic Actuator Array for Micro Robotics Assembly Systems” olid-State Sensors and Actuators and Eurosensors IX. Transducers' 95. The 8th International Conference on; In, H.J., Lee, H., Nichol, A.J., Kim, S.-G., Barbastathis, G., “Carbon nanotube–based magnetic actuation of origami membranes” (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2509-2512; Chumak, A.V., Vasyuchka, V.I., Serga, A.A., Hillebrands, B., “Magnon spintronics” (2015) Nat. Phys., 11, pp. 453-461; Kruglyak, V.V., Demokritov, S.O., Grundler, D., “Magnonics,” (2010) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, pp. 1-14. , 264001; Leung, V.Y.F., Tauschinsky, A., van Druten, N.J., Spreeuw, R.J.C., “Microtrap arrays on magnetic film atom chips for quantum information science” (2011) Quant. Inf. Process., 10, pp. 955-974; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., “Magnetic Recording: Advancing into the Future” (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157-R167; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., “Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media” (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp. 1-3. , 162516; Seki, T., Shima, T., Yakushiji, K., Takanashi, K., Li, G.Q., Ishio, S., “Dot size dependence of magnetic properties in microfabricated L10-FePt (001) and L10-FePt (110) dot arrays” (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100 (4), pp. 1-8. , 043915; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Pilet, N., Ashworth, T.V., Hill, E.W., Nutter, P.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., “High resolution magnetic force microscopy study of e-beam lithography patterned Co/PtCo/Pt nanodots” (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101 (9), pp. 1-3. , 09F517; Pimpin, A., Srituravanich, W., “Review on micro- and nanolithography techniques and their applications” (2012) Eng. J., 16, pp. 37-55; Traub, M.C., Longsine, W., Truskett, V.N., Advances in nanoimprint lithography" (2016) Ann. Rev. 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Sci., 259, pp. 331-337; Xie, W., Chen, J., Jiang, L., Yang, P., Sun, H., HuangKey, N., “Nanomesh of Cu fabricated by combining nanosphere lithography and high power pulsed magnetron sputtering and a preliminary study about its function” (2013) Appl. Surf. Sci., 283, pp. 100-106; Szívós, J., Serényi, M., Pothorszky, S., Deák, A., Vértesy, G., Sáfrán, G., “A technique for nanopatterning diverse materials” (2017) Surf. Coat. Technol., 313, pp. 115-120; Stöber, W., Fink, A., Bohn, E., “Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range” (1968) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 26 (1), pp. 62-69; Daniel, K., Schwartz, “Langmuir-Blodgett film structure” (1997) Surf. Sci. Rep., 27 (7-8), pp. 245-334; An, H., Wang, J., Szívós, J., Harumoto, T., Sannomiya Sannomiya, T., Muraish, S., Sáfrán, G., Shi, J., “Perpendicular coercivity enhancement of CoPt/TiN films by nitrogen incorporation during deposition,” (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 118, pp. 1-4. , 203907; Deák, A., Hild, E., Kovács, A.L., Hórvölgyi, Z., “Contact angle determination of nanoparticles: film balance and scanning angle reflectometry studies” (2007) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, pp. 6359-6370; Deák, A., Bancsi, B., Tóth, A.L., Kovács, A.L., Hórvölgyi, Z., “Complex Langmuir–Blodgett Films from Silica Nanoparticles: An Optical Spectroscopy Study,” (2006) Coll. Surf. A, 278, pp. 10-16; Woolley, J.C., Phillips, J.H., http://www.crystallography.net/cod/1525472.html?applet=jsmol, J. A. Clark. (2017, Mar.) Crystallography Open Database. [Online]; Beattie, H.J., VerSnyder, F.L., Microconstituents in high temperature alloys," (1953) Transactions of the American Society for Metals, 45, pp. 397-428; http://crystdb.nims.go.jp/index_en.html, Atomwork. (2017, Mar.) Inorganic Material Database. [Online]; János, L., Lábár, “Electron Diffraction Based Analysis of Phase Fractions and Texture in Nanocrystalline Thin Films, Part I: Principles” (2008) Microsc. Microanal., 14 (4), pp. 287-295; János, L., Lábár, “Electron Diffraction Based Analysis of Phase Fractions and Texture in Nanocrystalline Thin Films, Part II: Implementation” (2009) Microsc. Microanal., 15 (1), pp. 20-29; János, L., Lábár, “Electron Diffraction Based Analysis of Phase Fractions and Texture in Nanocrystalline Thin Films, Part III: Application Examples” (2012) Microsc. Microanal., 18 (3), pp. 406-420; János, L., Lábár, “Consistent indexing of a (set of) SAED pattern(s) with the ProcessDiffraction program” (2005) Ultramicroscopy, 103, pp. 237-249; Stavroulakis, P.I., Christou, N., Bagnall, D., “Improved deposition of large scale ordered nanosphere monolayers via liquid surface self-assembly” (2009) Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 165, pp. 186-189; Xia, Y., Yin, Y., Lu, Y., McLellan, J., “Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Spherical Colloids into Complex and Controllable Structures” (2003) Adv. Funct. Mater., 13 (12), pp. 907-918; Sproul, W.D., Rothstein, R., “High rate reactively sputtered TiN coatings on high speed steel drills” (1985) Thin Solid Films, 126, pp. 257-263; Wittmer, M., “Properties and microelectronic applications of thin films of refractory metal nitrides” (1985) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 3, pp. 1797-1803; Coffey, K.R., Parker, M.A., Kent Howard, J., “High anisotropy L10 thin films for longitudinal recording” (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (6), pp. 2737-2739; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Zhou, H., Goldberg, J.S., “Investigations of perpendicular write head design for 1 Tb/in2” (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 319-325; Thiyagarajah, N., Asbahi, M., Wong, R.T.J., Low, K.W.M., Yakovlev, N.L., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., “A facile approach for screening isolated nanomagnetic behavior for bit-patterned media” (2014) Nanotechnology, 25, pp. 1-6. , 225203},
correspondence_address1={Szívós, J.; Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29–33, Hungary; email: szivos.janos@energia.mta.hu},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={01694332},
coden={ASUSE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Surf Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kolesnikov2018271,
author={Kolesnikov, A.G. and Wu, H. and Stebliy, M.E. and Ognev, A.V. and Chebotkevich, L.A. and Samardak, A.S. and Han, X.},
title={Hybrid magnetic anisotropy [Co/Ni]15/Cu/[Co/Pt]4 spin-valves},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2018},
volume={449},
pages={271-277},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.10.042},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032874868&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2017.10.042&partnerID=40&md5=6059ece5384f47e5fb6451021f2826be},
affiliation={School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Spin-Orbitronic Materials, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation},
abstract={Thin film multilayer heterostructures consisting of two magnetically coupled stacks, one with in-plane and the second one with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies, are very promising hybrid magnetic anisotropy materials for spintronics. Here we present results on magnetic and magnetoresistance properties of [Co/Ni]15 (in-plane)/Cu/[Co/Pt]4 (out-of-plane) spin-valves with hybrid magnetic anisotropy. We demonstrate that the saturation field and magnetoresistance depend on the thickness of the copper interlayer (tCu) and they have peak values at tCu = 2.5 nm, where the antiferromagnetic coupling is maximum. We reveal that an indirect exchange coupling between [Co/Ni]n and [Co/Pt]m stacks decreases the magnetization switching fields making these systems suitable for low-field sensor, spin torque oscillator and bit patterned media applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Film preparation;  Heterojunctions;  Hybrid materials;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetism;  Magnetoresistance, Anisotropy materials;  Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Indirect exchange coupling;  Magnetization switching;  Magnetoresistance properties;  Out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy;  Spin-torque oscillators;  Thin film multilayers, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ, 15-02-05302},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, MOST, 172S-2-3-1928, MOST 2011DFR01060},
funding_details={Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka, 3.4956.2017, 3.5178.2017/8.9},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP},
funding_details={Korean Federation of Science and Technology SocietiesKorean Federation of Science and Technology Societies, KOFST},
funding_details={Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationGovernment Council on Grants, Russian Federation},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (state tasks 3.4956.2017 and 3.5178.2017/8.9), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (15-02-05302), the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 02.A03.21.0011), the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [Russia-China international joint project MOST 2011DFR01060] and the Brain Pool Program (172S-2-3-1928) through the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies (KOFST) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of South Korea.},
references={Bryan, M.T., Complex spin configurations in hybrid magnetic multilayer structures due to mutual spin imprinting (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 94 (10), p. 104415; Morrison, C., Exchange coupling in hybrid anisotropy magnetic multilayers quantified by vector magnetometry (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17B526; Escobar, R.A., Monte carlo modeling of mixed-anisotropy Co/Ni2/NiFe multilayers (2016) IEEE Magn. Lett., 7, pp. 1-5; Zhou, Y., Spin-torque oscillator with tilted fixed layer magnetization (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (26), p. 262508; Houssameddine, D., Spin-torque oscillator using a perpendicular polarizer and a planar free layer (2007) Nat. Mater., 6 (6), pp. 441-447; Gino, H., Magnetic vortex oscillators (2015) J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 48 (45), p. 453001; Wohlhüter, P., Nanoscale switch for vortex polarization mediated by Bloch core formation in magnetic hybrid systems (2015) Nat. Commun., 6, p. 7836; Paul Steven, K., Imaging magnetisation dynamics in nano-contact spin-torque vortex oscillators exhibiting gyrotropic mode splitting (2017) J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 50 (16), p. 164003; Heldt, G., Topologically confined vortex oscillations in hybrid [Co/Pd]8-Permalloy structures (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104 (18), p. 182401; Guslienko, K.Y., Magnetization reversal via perpendicular exchange spring inFePt/FeRhbilayer films (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70 (10); Ruigrok, J.J.M., Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in.2: Hybrid recording? (invited) (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), pp. 5398-5403; Cumpson, S.R., H.P., Coehoorn R., A Hybrid Recording Method Using Thermally Assisted Writing and Flux Sensitive Detection (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (5), pp. 2271-2276; Suess, D., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (1), p. 012504; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131; Varvaro, G., Magnetic Characterization of Perpendicular Recording Media, in Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording (2016), Pan Stanford 385–456; Saharan, L., Modelling interfacial coupling in thin film magnetic exchange springs at finite temperature (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 114 (15), p. 153908; Casoli, F., Exchange-Coupled Composite Media, in Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording (2016), Pan Stanford 279–326; Liu, E., [Co/Ni]-CoFeB hybrid free layer stack materials for high density magnetic random access memory applications (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (13), p. 132405; Mangin, S., Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy (2006) Nat. Mater., 5 (3), pp. 210-215; Zhou, Y., Zero-field precession and hysteretic threshold currents in a spin torque nano device with tilted polarizer (2009) New J. Phys., 11 (10), p. 103028; Ebels, U., Macrospin description of the perpendicular polarizer-planar free-layer spin-torque oscillator (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78 (2); Firastrau, I., Modeling of the perpendicular polarizer-planar free layer spin torque oscillator: Micromagnetic simulations (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78 (2); Fallarino, L., Interlayer exchange coupling between layers with perpendicular and easy-plane magnetic anisotropies (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 109 (8), p. 082401; Demidov, E.S., Interlayer interaction in multilayer [Co/Pt]n/Pt/Co structures (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 120 (17), p. 173901; Miao, B.F., Experimental realization of two-dimensional artificial skyrmion crystals at room temperature (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90 (17); Ma, F., Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 94 (14); Fraerman, A.A., Skyrmion states in multilayer exchange coupled ferromagnetic nanostructures with distinct anisotropy directions (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 393, pp. 452-456; Wong, S.-K., Magnetic properties and magnetization reversal of thin films and nanodots consisting of exchange-coupled composite co/pd multi-layer and co layer with orthogonal anisotropies (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (9), pp. 1-9; Hsu, J.-H., Modifying exchange-spring behavior of CoPt/NiFe bilayer by inserting a Pt or Ru spacer (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17A715; Finocchio, G., Magnetic skyrmions: from fundamental to applications (2016) J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 49 (42); Vansteenkiste, A., The design and verification of MuMax3 (2014) AIP Adv., 4 (10); Cheng, C.-W., Effect of cap layer thickness on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in top MgO/CoFeB/Ta structures (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110 (3), p. 033916; Zhang, B., Influence of heavy metal materials on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/heavy metal tri-layered structures (2017) Appl. Phys. Lett., 110 (1), p. 012405; Davies, J.E., Reversal mode instability and magnetoresistance in perpendicular (Co/Pd)/Cu/(Co/Ni) pseudo-spin-valves (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103 (2), p. 022409; Mohseni, S.M., Magnetostatically driven domain replication in Ni/Co based perpendicular pseudo-spin-valves (2016) J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 49 (41), p. 415004; Bruno, P., Theory of interlayer exchange interactions in magnetic multilayers (1999) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 11 (48), p. 9403; Bruno, P., Interlayer Exchange Interactions in Magnetic Multilayers, in Magnetism: Molecules to Materials (2001), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 329–353; Samardak, A.S., Interlayer exchange coupling in Co/Cu/Co films (2004) Phys. Met. Metall., 98 (4), pp. 360-367; Chebotkevich, L.A., Vorob'ev, Y.D., Samardak, A.S., Ognev, A.V., Effect of the crystal structure and interlayer exchange coupling on the coercive force in Co/Cu/Co films (2003) Phys. Solid State, 45 (5), pp. 907-910; Luciński, T., Magnetoresistance study of Ni80Fe20/Co1/CuAgAu/Co2 asymmetric sandwiches (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 269 (1), pp. 78-88; Fuchs, P., Roughness-induced coupling between ferromagnetic films across an amorphous spacer layer (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55 (18), pp. 12546-12551; Bruno, P., Chappert, C., Oscillatory Coupling between Ferromagnetic Layers Separated by a Nonmagnetic Metal Spacer (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67 (12), pp. 1602-1605; Parkin, S.S.P., More, N., Roche, K.P., Oscillations in exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in metallic superlattice structures: Co/Ru, Co/Cr, and Fe/Cr (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 64 (19), pp. 2304-2307; Ivanov, Y.P., Ognev, A.V., Chebotkevich, L.A., Effect of the structure and thickness of layers on the magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of Py/Co/Cu/Co nanocrystalline films (2007) Phys. Met. Metall., 104 (1), pp. 29-34; McGuire, T., Potter, R., Anisotropic magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic 3d alloys (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11 (4), pp. 1018-1038; Dieny, B., Giant magnetoresistance in spin-valve multilayers (1994) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 136 (3), pp. 335-359; Bass, J., Pratt, W.P., Jr, Current-perpendicular (CPP) magnetoresistance in magnetic metallic multilayers (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 200 (1-3), pp. 274-289; Vouille, C., Microscopic mechanisms of giant magnetoresistance (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60 (9), pp. 6710-6722},
correspondence_address1={Ognev, A.V.; School of Natural Sciences, Russian Federation; email: ognev.av@dvfu.ru},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Garani2018286,
author={Garani, S.S. and Dolecek, L. and Barry, J. and Sala, F. and Vasic, B.},
title={Signal Processing and Coding Techniques for 2-D Magnetic Recording: An Overview},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE},
year={2018},
volume={106},
number={2},
pages={286-318},
doi={10.1109/JPROC.2018.2795961},
art_number={8290590},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042049905&doi=10.1109%2fJPROC.2018.2795961&partnerID=40&md5=38a3dfa79923400c0ad28cbc30e8536f},
affiliation={Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA  90095, United States; Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States},
abstract={Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) is an emerging storage technology that aims to achieve areal densities on the order of 10 Tb/in2, mainly driven by innovative channels engineering with minimal changes to existing head/media designs within a systems framework. Significant additive areal density gains can be achieved by using TDMR over bit patterned media (BPM) and energy-assisted magnetic recording (EAMR). In TDMR, the sectors are inherently 2-D with reduced track pitch and bit widths, leading to severe 2-D intersymbol interference (ISI). This necessitates the development of powerful 2-D signal processing and coding algorithms for mitigating 2-D ISI, timing artifacts, jitter, and electronics noise resulting from irregular media grain positions and read-head electronics. The algorithms have to be eventually realized within a read/write channel architecture as a part of a system-on-chip (SoC) within the disk controller system. In this work, we provide a wide overview of TDMR technology, channel models and capacity, signal processing algorithms (detection and timing recovery), and error-correcting codes attuned to 2-D channels. The innovations and advances described not only make TDMR a promising future technology, but may serve a broader engineering audience as well. © 2018 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D intersymbol interference channels;  2-D signal processing;  coding techniques;  magnetic storage;  read write channels;  systems architecture},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Programmable logic controllers;  System-on-chip, 2-D intersymbol interference;  2-D signals;  Coding techniques;  Read-write channels;  Systems architecture, Computer architecture},
funding_details={Indo-US Science and Technology ForumIndo-US Science and Technology Forum},
funding_details={Department of Science and Technology, Government of West BengalDepartment of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, CCF-0963726, CCF-1314147, ECCS-1500170},
funding_details={Department of Science and Technology, Government of RajasthanDepartment of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan, SB/S3/EECE/0056/2013},
funding_text 1={The work of S. S. Garani was also supported in part by DST under Grant SB/S3/EECE/0056/2013. The work of B. Vasic was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CCF-0963726, CCF-1314147, and ECCS-1500170.},
funding_text 2={Manuscript received October 2, 2017; revised January 15, 2018; accepted January 15, 2018. Date of current version February 8, 2018. The work of S. S. Garani and B. VasicÂ was supported by IUSSTF under the IndoÐU.S. Joint R&D Network Joint Centre on Data Storage Research/16-2014 Award. The work of S. S. Garani was also supported in part by DST under Grant SB/S3/EECE/0056/2013. The work of B. VasicÂ was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CCF-0963726, CCF-1314147, and ECCS-1500170. The work of L. Dolecek was supported in part by an NSF CAREER award and a grant from IDEMA ASTC. The work of J. Barry was supported by IDEMA ASTC. (Corresponding author: Shayan Srinivasa Garani.) S. S. Garani is with the Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India (e-mail: shayangs@iisc.ac.in). L. Dolecek and F. Sala are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA (e-mail: dolecek@ee.ucla.edu; fredsala@gmail.com). J. Barry is with Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA (e-mail: john.barry@ece.gatech.edu). B . V a s icÂ is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA (e-mail: vasic@email.arizona.edu).},
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Theory, 44 (2), pp. 730-743. , Mar; Garani, S.S., Richardson, N., Hu, X., Parthasarathy, S., (2011) Channel Constrained Code Aware Interleaver, , Nov. 8; Matcha, C.K., Roy, S., Bahrami, M., Vasić, B., Srinivasa, S.G., 2D LDPC codes and joint detection and decoding for twodimensional magnetic recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published; Anastasopoulos, A., A comparison between the sum-product and the min-sum iterative detection algorithms based on density evolution (2001) Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), San Antonio, TX, USA, pp. 1021-1025. , Nov; Hocevar, D.E., A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes (2004) Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Syst., Austin, TX, USA, pp. 107-112. , Oct; Mansour, M.M., Shanbhag, N.R., A 640-Mb/s 2048-bit programmable LDPC decoder chip (2006) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 41 (3), pp. 684-698. , Mar; Gunnam, K.K., Choi, G.S., (2013) Low Density Parity Check Decoder for Regular LDPC Codes, , Jan; Mondal, A., Thatimattala, S., Yalamaddi, V.K., Garani, S.S., Efficient coding architectures for Reed-Solomon and low-density parity-check decoders for magnetic and other data storage systems IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published},
correspondence_address1={Garani, S.S.; Electronic Systems Engineering Department, India; email: shayangs@iisc.ac.in},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189219},
coden={IEEPA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2018,
author={Wang, Y. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.},
title={Write Modeling and Read Signal Processing for Heat-Assisted Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2775600},
art_number={8245895},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040058185&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2775600&partnerID=40&md5=6f67ca99d24312f5d095d9a2ccb6fa55},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={Heat-assisted bit-patterned media recording (HABPMR) can significantly improve channel areal density due to the increased effective write field gradient provided by heat assistance and decreased media jitter offered by bit-patterned media. In this paper, an analytical write channel model, which can accurately capture the effects of Curie temperature, magnetic island position and size, anisotropy field, and write clock frequency fluctuations, is introduced and investigated for HABPMR. For read signal processing study, a read channel characterizing the media noise and reader geometry is combined with a data-dependent write channel to obtain the readback signal. In addition, the allowable write window offsets, write error rate during the write process and the bit error rate after readback as function of various noise sources are studied. Furthermore, 2-D equalization followed by the Bahl-Cocke-Jelenik-Raviv detector combined with picket-shift code is used to mitigate the 2-D interference and correct the burst errors caused by the write clock mis-synchronization. It is shown, via numerical experiments, that the proposed approach can provide significant symbol error rate performance improvement compared to a channel with conventional Reed Solomon code. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  write mis-synchronization;  write/read channel},
keywords={Clocks;  Errors;  Fading channels;  Magnetic field effects;  Optical communication;  Reed-Solomon codes;  Signal processing, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Effective write field gradients;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Numerical experiments;  Symbol error rate performance;  write/read channel, Bit error rate},
references={Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Victora, R.H., Wang, S., Huang, P.-W., Ghoreyshi, A., Noise mitigation in granular and bit-patterned media for HAMR (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (4). , Apr; Wang, S., Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2 (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (17), p. 17C115; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Heatassisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2 (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (10), p. 102406; Suess, D., Fundamental limits in heat-assisted magnetic recording and methods to overcome it with exchange spring structures (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (16), p. 163913; Wang, S., Mallary, M., Victora, R.H., Thermal switching distribution of FePt grains through atomistic simulation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Liu, Z., Victora, R.H., Composite structure with superparamagnetic writing layer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Ng, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Saito, H., Multi-track joint decoding schemes using two-dimensional run-length limited codes for bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2016) IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron., Commun. Comput. Sci., E99-A (12), pp. 2248-2255. , Dec; Kong, L., Jiang, Y., Han, G., Lau, F.C.M., Guan, Y.L., Improved min-sum decoding for 2-D intersymbol interference channels (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bidirectional decision feedback modified Viterbi detection (BD-DFMV) for shingled bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) with 2D sectors and alternating track widths (2016) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 34 (9), pp. 2450-2462. , Sep; Zhang, S., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Data Storage Systems Center, United States; email: douglaswang898@gmail.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McDaniel2018,
author={McDaniel, T.W.},
title={Application of Updated Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch Equations to Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2773621},
art_number={8245856},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040041424&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2773621&partnerID=40&md5=8e37c612466c7f3e17a0c06724705408},
affiliation={ModelPhysics, Volcano, CA  95689, United States},
abstract={Previously, we applied analysis of macro-spin magnetization dynamics described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation to issues in the future magnetic recording which combined heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with bit-patterned media (BPM). In this paper, we use updated versions of the LLB equation to revisit the magnetic switching reliability as an HAMR head is passed over a single, isolated grain of a bit-patterned medium. Areal density was varied, while the packing density of the BPM was set to 0.4 or 0.5. LLB writing reliability is also assessed with the Arrhenius-Nèel theory that has been upgraded with recent work related to the Stoner-Wohlfarth model to add understanding of the role of thermodynamics in thermomagnetic recording and the long-time stability of magnetic reversal. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Areal density (AD);  data storage;  hard disk drive (HDD);  heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation;  magnetic recording},
keywords={Digital storage;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Mathematical models;  Random processes;  Reliability theory;  Spin dynamics;  Stochastic models;  Stochastic systems;  Thermodynamics, Areal densities;  Data storage;  Hard disk drives;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz;  Magnetic switching;  Magnetomechanical effects, Magnetic disk storage},
references={McDaniel, T.W., Application of Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch dynamics to grain switching in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112 (1), p. 013914; McDaniel, T.W., Areal density limitation in bit-patterned, heat-assisted magnetic recording using FePtX media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112 (9), p. 093920; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., The thermodynamic limits of magnetic recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (3), p. 033909; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Stochastic form of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation (2012) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 85, p. 014433. , Jan; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for exchange-coupled grains (2014) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 90, p. 214431. , Dec; Tzoufras, M., Grobis, M.K., Dynamics of single-domain magnetic particles at elevated temperatures (2015) New J. Phys., 17, p. 103014. , Oct; Xu, L., Zhang, S., Magnetization dynamics at elevated temperatures (2012) Phys. E, Low-Dimensional Syst. Nanostruct., 45, pp. 72-76. , Aug; Xu, L., Zhang, S., Self-consistent Bloch equation and Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation of ferromagnets: A comparison (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113, p. 163911. , Apr; Stoner, E.S., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A, Math. Phys. Sci., 240 (826), pp. 599-642; Wood, R., Exact solution for a Stoner-Wohlfarth particle in an applied field and a new approximation for the energy barrier (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (1), pp. 100-103. , Jan; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Towards multiscale modeling of magnetic materials: Simulations of FePt (2008) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 77, p. 184428. , May; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Yang, C., Sivertsen, J.M., Judy, J.H., Time decay of the remanent magnetization in longitudinal thin film recording media as a function of distributions of grain size and easy-axis orientation (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 1606-1608. , Jul; Osborn, J.A., Demagnetizing factors of the general ellipsoid (1945) Phys. Rev., 67 (11-12), p. 351; Wang, X., Bertram, H.N., Safonov, V.L., Thermal-dynamic reversal of fine magnetic grains with arbitrary anisotropy axes orientation (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92 (4), p. 2064; Safonov, V.L., Bertram, H.N., Dynamic-thermal' reversal in a fine micromagnetic grain: Time dependence of coercivity (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), p. 5681; Challener, W.A., Itagi, A.V., Near-field optics for heat-assisted magnetic recording (experiment, theory, and modeling) (2009) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 44, pp. 53-111. , M. Schlesinger, Ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; Coffey, W.T., Kalmykov, Y.P., Thermal fluctuations of magnetic nanoparticles: Fifty years after Brown (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112 (12), p. 121301; Brown, W.F., Jr., Thermal fluctuations of a single-domain particle (1963) J. Appl. Phys., 130 (5), p. 1677},
correspondence_address1={McDaniel, T.W.; ModelPhysicsUnited States; email: mcterry@volcano.net},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima2018,
author={Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={Switching Field Distribution of MnGa Bit Patterned Film Fabricated by Ion Beam Irradiation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2733765},
art_number={7997811},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028959499&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2733765&partnerID=40&md5=8ab915ce88fa6d748d18651143bad28f},
affiliation={Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={The magnetization process and switching field distribution (SFD) of ion beam patterned MnGa films were discussed based on the first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis and magnetic force microscope (MFM) observations. The FORC diagrams with so-called 'boomerang' shape resulting from the increase of the interaction between 'hysterons' that can be associated with ferromagnetic particles and/or domains were confirmed in the patterned MnGa with dot size larger than 520 nm. On the other hand, the shape of the FORC diagram became a simple Gaussian distribution, which is typical in the media comprised of well-isolated magnetic particles, for dot size smaller than 240 nm. The variation of the shape of FORC diagram was closely linked with the domain structure observed by MFM; multidomain in the dot was confirmed for dot size larger than 520 nm while single domain for dot size less than 240 nm. The average switching field of the patterned film increased with decreasing the dot size, indicating that the dot edge damage and exchange interaction through ion-irradiated regions were negligible in the ion-beam patterned MnGa. The SFD also increased with decreasing the dot size. The SFD is considered to result from the existence of the pinning centers in the as-prepared MnGa and also from the dot size fluctuation of the resist masks fabricated by electron beam lithography. The optimization of the fabrication process will be effective to reduce SFD and sufficiently low SFD in high-density MnGa bit patterned media will be achieved by these process optimizations. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  first-order reversal curves (FORCs);  ion beam irradiation;  MnGa;  switching field distribution (SFD)},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication;  Gaussian beams;  Ion beams;  Ion bombardment;  Ion exchange;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic hysteresis;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Magnetization reversal;  Manganese alloys;  Radiation effects;  Saturation magnetization;  Switching, Bit-patterned media;  First-order reversal curves;  Ion beam irradiation;  MnGa;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Switching field distribution, Gallium alloys},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16H04328, 16K18091, 17H03249, 17K18878},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank M. Kumazawa of Nagoya University for his assistance with the experiments. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, under Grant 16K18091.},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Chappert, C., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922; Terris, B.D., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferré, J., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, pp. 3843-3849. , Sep; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated co-pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Hinoue, T., Ito, K., Hirayama, Y., Hosoe, Y., Effects of lateral straggling of ions on patterned media fabricated by nitrogen ion implantation (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B912. , Mar; Gaur, N., Lateral displacement induced disorder in L10-FePt nanostructures by ion-implantation (2013) Sci. Rep., 3. , May; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 053908. , Sep; Oshima, D., Modifications of structure and magnetic properties of L10MnAl and MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (12). , Dec; Kato, T., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 07C117. , Mar; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of magnetic properties of MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation for application to bit patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3608-3611. , Jul; Suharyadi, E., Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Switching field distribution of planar-patterned CrPt3 nanodots fabricated by ion irradiation (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 07B771. , Apr; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Observation of ferrinonmagnetic boundary in CrPt3 line-and-space patterned media using a dark-field transmission electron microscope (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 1617-1621. , Apr; Oshima, D., Ion irradiation-induced magnetic transition of MnGa alloy films studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and lowtemperature hysteresis loops (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Egli, R., VARIFORC: An optimized protocol for calculating non-regular first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams (2013) Global Planetary Change, 110, pp. 302-320. , Nov; Mayergoyz, I.D., Friedman, G., Generalized Preisach model of hysteresis (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24 (1), pp. 212-217. , Jan; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., Characterizing interactions in fine magnetic particle systems using first order reversal curves (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 6660-6667. , Apr; Gilbert, D.A., Quantitative decoding of interactions in tunable nanomagnet arrays using first order reversal curves (2014) Sci. Rep., 4. , Feb; Gilbert, D.A., Probing the A1 to L10 transformation in FeCuPt using the first order reversal curve method (2014) APL Mater., 2, p. 086106. , Aug; Shaw, J.M., Reversal mechanisms in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures (2008) Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, 78, p. 024414. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Oshima, D.; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Japan; email: oshima@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wodarz2018,
author={Wodarz, S. and Hashimoto, S. and Kambe, M. and Zangari, G. and Homma, T.},
title={Fabrication of Electrodeposited FeCuPt Nanodot Arrays Toward L10 Ordering},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2746741},
art_number={8022961},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028700288&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2746741&partnerID=40&md5=bf1894d8ba8c0e64d9a91c31d8e253ea},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and CESE, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA  22904-4745, United States},
abstract={FeCuPt nanodot arrays were fabricated by electrodeposition onto a nanopore patterned substrate fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL), for the purpose to manufacture and characterize model bit-patterned media. Addition of Cu to FePt was carried out to accelerate the phase transformation of FePt into the L10 -ordered phase in order to fabricate nanodot arrays with hard and uniform magnetic properties. Composition of the FeCuPt ternary alloy films was optimized by varying applied potential and CuSO4 concentration to form single L10 phase (40-50 at% Pt and 25 at% Cu). Annealing at 450 °C resulted in the phase transformation from fcc to L10 in FeCuPt ternary alloy films, whereas FePt binary alloy films did not show a phase transformation. Perpendicular coercivities of FeCuPt and FePt were 6 and 1 kOe, respectively, annealing at 450 °C, indicating the formation of the L10 phase with lower annealing temperature by Cu incorporation. FeCuPt nanodot arrays with 20 nm in diameter and 35 nm in pitch were successfully fabricated with the nanopore patterned substrate fabricated by EBL. In addition, cross-sectional transmission electron microscope analysis of FeCuPt nanodot arrays showed clear stacking of the L10 (111) lattice in a perpendicular direction through the growth direction having a single crystal nature, whereas phase transformation was insufficient with FePt nanodot arrays. The collective results have successfully demonstrated the electrochemical fabrication of ultra-fine FePt nanodot arrays with L10 structure by promoting L10 ordering with Cu additions. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  electrodeposition;  FePt alloy;  nanodot array},
keywords={Annealing;  Binary alloys;  Copper;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication;  Iron alloys;  Metallic films;  Nanopores;  Nanostructured materials;  Phase transitions;  Single crystals;  Substrates;  Ternary alloys;  Transmission electron microscopy, Annealing temperatures;  Applied potentials;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Electrochemical fabrication;  FePt alloys;  Nano-dot arrays;  Patterned substrates, Platinum alloys},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1207351, NSF-DMR 1207351},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25249104},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant 25249104 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Award NSF-DMR 1207351.},
references={Waller, D., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 10-15. , Jan; Weller, D., Mosendz, O., Parker, G., Pisana, S., Santos, T.S., L10 FePtX-Y media for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210 (7), pp. 1245-1260. , Jul; Dong, Q., A polyferroplatinyne precursor for the rapid fabrication of L10-FePt-type bit patterned media by nanoimprint lithography (2012) Adv. Mater., 24 (8), pp. 1034-1040. , Feb; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 693-698. , Feb; Albercht, T.R., Bit patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-44. , May; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , Jun; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., Nanosilicon dot arrays with a bit pitch and a track pitch of 25 nm formed by electron-beam drawing and reactive ion etching for 1Tbit/in. 2 storage (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (22), p. 223131. , Dec; Sun, S., Recent advances in chemical synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of FePt nanoparticles (2006) Adv. Mater., 18 (4), pp. 393-403. , Feb; Wang, J.-P., FePt magnetic nanoparticles and their assembly for future magnetic media (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1847-1863. , Nov; Sohn, J.-S., The fabrication of Co-Pt electro-deposited bit patterned media with nanoimprint lithography (2009) Nanotechnology, 20 (2), p. 025302. , Dec; Pattanaik, G., Kirkwood, D.M., Xu, X., Zangari, G., Electrodeposition of hard magnetic films and microstructures (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52 (8), pp. 2755-2764. , Feb; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of magnetic nanodot array using electrochemical deposition processes (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55 (27), pp. 8081-8086. , Nov; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Kuno, T., Miznuo, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of CoPt bit patterned media: Towards a wetchemical, large-scale fabrication (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2224-2227. , Jun; Mallett, J.J., Composition control in electrodeposition of FePt films (2004) Electrochem. 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correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saito2018,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Concatenated Coding Schemes for High Areal Density Bit-Patterned Media Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2746339},
art_number={8017628},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028695838&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2746339&partnerID=40&md5=49fdd765b06f439a69d8293b2dca541e},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={This paper proposes a new concatenated error correction coding scheme for 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR). The designed concatenated coding scheme consists of outer codes as binary polar codes and an inner code as non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. These error-correcting codes (ECCs) are considered to achieve large coding gains with small bandwidth expansion in the presence of intersymbol interference and inter-track interference. Polar codes have attracted much attention as one of the ECCs that provably achieve the optimal symmetric capacity of memoryless channels with an explicit construction and are decoded by the successive-cancellation decoding algorithm, whose computational complexity is comparatively low. Using systematic polar codes, we are able to design proper low-complexity ECCs with run-length-limited constraints for any TDMR schemes based on the selection criterion (which is called channel polarization) for choosing parity and information symbols by the magnitude of the approximately calculated mutual information amount regarding each recorded symbol in a codeword. Concretely, the concatenated coding schemes are designed for four-track and three-track recording, and the block error rate (BER) performances of 2-D partial response equalized signal processing schemes with proposed concatenated ECCs for bit-patterned media recording are evaluated. As a result, it shows that the BER performances of the proposed schemes are superior to that of the conventional scheme using a 1-D high rate binary LDPC code. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D magnetic recording (TDMR);  2-D modulation code;  channel polarization},
keywords={Bins;  Bit error rate;  Computational complexity;  Concatenated codes;  Decoding;  Encoding (symbols);  Error analysis;  Error correction;  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Information theory;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Mathematical transformations;  Maximum likelihood;  Maximum likelihood estimation;  One dimensional;  Polarization;  Satellite communication systems;  Signal processing, Channel polarizations;  Complexity theory;  Maximum likelihood decoding;  Media;  Two dimensional modulations;  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Codes (symbols)},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16K06313},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) under Grant 16K06313. The author would like to thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve this paper.},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., Two-dimensional maximum-likelihood sequence detection is NP hard (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (12), pp. 7661-7670. , Dec; Balatsoukas-Stimming, A., Parizi, M.B., Burg, A., LLR-based successive cancellation list decoding of polar codes (2015) IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 63 (19), pp. 5165-5179. , Oct; Arkan, E., Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacityachieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , Jul; Arikan, E., Telatar, E., On the rate of channel polarization (2009) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 1493-1495. , Seoul, South Korea, Jun. /Jul; Honda, J., Yamamoto, H., Polar coding without alphabet extension for asymmetric models (2013) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 59 (12), pp. 7829-7838. , Dec; Mondelli, M., Urbanke, R., Hassani, S.H., How to achieve the capacity of asymmetric channels (2014) Proc. 52nd Annu. Allerton Conf. Commun., Control, Comput. (Allerton), pp. 789-796. , Monticello, IL, USA, Oct; Arikan, E., Systematic polar coding (2011) IEEE Commn. Lett., 15 (8), pp. 860-862. , Aug; Sąsoglu, E., Polarization and polar codes (2012) Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory, 8 (4), pp. 259-381. , Oct; Sarkis, G., Tal, I., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W.J., Flexible and low-complexity encoding and decoding of systematic polar codes (2016) IEEE Trans. Commun., 64 (7), pp. 2732-2745. , Jul; Zhang, Q., Liu, A., Zhang, Y., Liang, X., Practical design and decoding of parallel concatenated structure for systematic polar codes (2016) IEEE Trans. Commun., 64 (2), pp. 456-466. , Feb; Sąsoglu, E., Polarization in the presence of memory (2011) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 189-193. , Saint Petersburg, Russia, Jul. /Aug; Sąsoglu, E., (2011) Polar Coding Theorems for Discrete Systems, , Ph. D. dissertation, EDIC Comput. Commun. Sci., EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Naseri, S., Hodtani, G.A., A general write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5). , May; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct; Nabavi, S., (2011) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Intertrack Interference, , Ph. D. dissertation, ProQuest, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Sep; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Jointtrack equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Marcellin, M.W., Weber, H.J., Two-dimensional modulation codes (1992) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 10 (1), pp. 254-266. , Jan; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Goldsmith, A., (2005) Wireless Communications, , Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, Aug; Bahl, L.R., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (Corresp.) (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Barnault, L., Declercq, D., Fast decoding algorithm for LDPC over GF(2q) (2003) Proc. IEEE Inf. Theory Workshop (ITW), pp. 70-73. , Paris, France, Mar. /Apr; Declercq, D., Fossorier, M., Decoding algorithms for non binary LDPC codes over GF(q) (2007) IEEE Trans. Commun., 55 (4), pp. 633-643. , Apr; Zhong, H., Zhong, T., Haratsch, E.F., Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes for the magnetic recording channel: Code design and VLSI implementation (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (3), pp. 1118-1123. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied Physics, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Radu2018267,
author={Radu, F. and Sánchez-Barriga, J.},
title={Ferrimagnetic heterostructures for applications in magnetic recording},
journal={Novel Magnetic Nanostructures: Unique Properties and Applications},
year={2018},
pages={267-331},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-12-813594-5.00009-6},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072559690&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-12-813594-5.00009-6&partnerID=40&md5=92bb1687127555005a20d00c3ef0e950},
affiliation={Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany},
abstract={We provide an overview of key fundamental aspects of a vastly growing field of research involving ferrimagnetic heterostructures, with special focus on their functionality in magnetic recording. We firstly describe various important achievements involving the transition to perpendicular magnetic recording and the concomitant increase of the areal density of magnetic bits, and analyze their future progress. This comprises emergent technologies such as heat-assisted magnetic recording, bit-patterned media as well as novel ways of controlling the magnetization through spin-transfer torques, spin Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects, including their extension to the case of topological states of matter. Next, we highlight the discovery of all-optical switching in ferrimagnets, which offers unique possibilities for increasing the writing speeds via light-matter interaction. This effect has led to a tremendous interest in incorporating ferrimagnetic materials in magnetic memory devices. For this purpose, tunability of intrinsic magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic alloys is critically important. By highlighting exemplary investigations, we demonstrate the unique properties of ferrimagnets, such as magnetic compensation, spin reorientation, or noncollinear magnetic states, which allow for enhanced tunability of functional spintronic devices. In this respect, the miniaturization required to achieve ultrahigh areal bit densities leads to new fundamental challenges in both growth of magnetic nanostructures and control of magnetic properties of ferrimagnets in low dimensions. To this end, we discuss new functionalities of ferrimagnetic nanostructures that pave the way for their incorporation into established concepts of magnetic recording. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={All-optical switching;  Bit-patterned media;  Ferrimagnetic heterostructures;  Ferrimagnetic spin valves;  Ferrimagnetism;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Helicity-dependent switching;  Magnetic memory bits;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic thin films;  Noncollinear spin textures;  Percolated media;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Rear-earth transition-metal alloys;  Spintronics;  Temperature induced magnetic switching;  Ultrahigh density magnetic recording},
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Interface Anal., 42 (10-11), pp. 1532-1536. , 1096-9918, ISSN; Mangin, S., Gottwald, M., Lambert, C.H., Steil, D., Uhlír, V., Pang, L., Hehn, M., Fullerton, E.E., Engineered materials for all-optical helicity-dependent magnetic switching (2014) Nat. Mater., 13, pp. 286-292; Lambert, C.H., Mangin, S., Varaprasad, B.S.D.C.S., Takahashi, Y.K., Hehn, M., Cinchetti, M., Malinowski, G., Fullerton, E.E., All-optical control of ferromagnetic thin films and nanostructures (2014) Science, 345 (6202), pp. 1337-1340; Le Guyader, L., El Moussaoui, S., Buzzi, M., Chopdekar, R.V., Heyderman, L.J., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Nolting, F., Demonstration of laser induced magnetization reversal in GdFeCo nanostructures (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101 (2), p. 022410; Vahaplar, K., Kalashnikova, A.M., Kimel, A.V., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R., Tsukamoto, A., Rasing, T., Ultrafast path for optical magnetization reversal via a strongly nonequilibrium state (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, p. 117201; Vahaplar, K., Kalashnikova, A.M., Kimel, A.V., Gerlach, S., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R., Rasing, T., All-optical magnetization reversal by circularly polarized laser pulses: Experiment and multiscale modeling (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 104402; Zhang, G.P., Bai, Y.H., George, T.F., Switching ferromagnetic spins by an ultrafast laser pulse: Emergence of giant optical spin-orbit torque (2016) EPL (Europhys. Lett.), 115 (5), p. 57003. , http://stacks.iop.org/0295-5075/115/i=5/a=57003; Alebrand, S., Gottwald, M., Hehn, M., Steil, D., Cinchetti, M., Lacour, D., Fullerton, E.E., Mangin, S., Light-induced magnetization reversal of high-anisotropy TbCo alloy films (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101 (16), p. 162408; Alebrand, S., Bierbrauer, U., Hehn, M., Gottwald, M., Schmitt, O., Steil, D., Fullerton, E.E., Aeschlimann, M., Subpicosecond magnetization dynamics in TbCo alloys (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89, p. 144404; Hassdenteufel, A., Schubert, C., Hebler, B., Schultheiss, H., Fassbender, J., Albrecht, M., Bratschitsch, R., All-optical helicity dependent magnetic switching in Tb-Fe thin films with a MHz laser oscillator (2014) Opt. Express, 22 (8), pp. 10017-10025; Kirilyuk, A., Kimel, A.V., Rasing, T., Laser-induced magnetization dynamics and reversal in ferrimagnetic alloys (2013) Rep. Prog. Phys., 76 (2), p. 026501. , http://stacks.iop.org/0034-4885/76/i=2/a=026501; Liu, T.M., Wang, T., Reid, A.H., Savoini, M., Wu, X., Koene, B., Granitzka, P., Dürr, H.A., Nanoscale confinement of all-optical magnetic switching in TbFeCo-competition with nanoscale heterogeneity (2015) Nano Lett., 15 (10), pp. 6862-6868; Ostler, T.A., Barker, J., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., El Moussaoui, S., Kimel, A.V., Ultrafast heating as a sufficient stimulus for magnetization reversal in a ferrimagnet (2012) Nat. Commun., 3, p. 666; Radu, I., Vahaplar, K., Stamm, C., Kachel, T., Pontius, N., Dürr, H.A., Ostler, T.A., Kimel, A.V., Transient ferromagnetic-like state mediating ultrafast reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled spins (2011) Nature, 472, pp. 205-208; Moreno, R., Ostler, T.A., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Conditions for thermally induced all-optical switching in ferrimagnetic alloys: Modeling of TbCo (2017) Phys. Rev. B, 96, p. 014409; Gerlach, S., Oroszlany, L., Hinzke, D., Sievering, S., Wienholdt, S., Szunyogh, L., Nowak, U., Modeling ultrafast all-optical switching in synthetic ferrimagnets (2017) Phys. Rev. B, 95, p. 224435},
publisher={Elsevier},
isbn={9780128135945; 9780128135952},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Novel Magnetic Nanostructures: Unique Properties and Applications},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2018,
title={Nonlinear Photonics, NP 2018},
journal={Optics InfoBase Conference Papers},
year={2018},
volume={Part F108-NP 2018},
page_count={205},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nonlinear Photonics, NP 2018 ; Conference Date: 2 July 2018 Through 5 July 2018;  Conference Code:140128},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051253716&partnerID=40&md5=6dfb260c5c20a32c32540fe58b184275},
abstract={This proceedings contains 126 papers. NP covers temporal and spatiotemporal effects, nonlinear pulse propagation in fiber, computational analysis, design and modeling of dissipative and conservative systems, dissipative solitons, rogue waves and ultra-short pulse modelling, poling, spatial and periodic nonlinear effects, active and dissipative effects, all-optical devices and applications, and novel nonlinear materials and structures. Also known as: Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications; Nonlinear Photonics. The conference topics include: 2-in-1: advanced high-throughput nanopatterning and self-consistent nanosensing by structured femtosecond laser pulses; A Functional Mapping for Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers; A new dissipation induced modulation instability in nonlinear optics; Active Tuning of High-Q Dielectric Metasurfaces by Liquid Crystals; Atom-mediated Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion Using Bandgap Modes in Nonlinear Periodic Waveguides; Bifurcation analysis of Temporal Localized States in Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers; Broadband Phase-Matching Using Tilted Quasi-Phase-Matching Gratings; Buildup of incoherent laser pulses resolved by real-time spectral imaging; Cascading second-order nonlinear processes in a lithium niobate-on-insulator microdisk; Caustic-based nonlinear photonic lattices; Chaotic switching in coherently driven, passively coupled nonlinear optical resonators; Chiral Stimulated Raman Scattering and Pressure-tunable Polarization in Twisted Hollow-core PCF; Coherent effects in mode-locked lasers: new theory and experiments; Coherent on-chip frequency combs spanning 1.5-7.5 μm for dual-comb spectroscopy; Collective nonlinear optical effects on metasurfaces; Comparison of SERS-activity of Silver Dendrites and Nanoparticles on Structured Silicon; Dark solitons, dispersive waves and their collision in an optical fiber; Developing PPLN Waveguides for Quantum Rubidium Atom Traps in Space; Dielectric Metasurfaces for Unconventional Polarisation Control; Dielectric Nanoparticles Excited at Telecom Wavelengths as Multiharmonic Multicolor Sources; Diffractive Coupling for Optical Neural Network; Directional random laser by combining cavity-less lasing and spatial solitons in liquid crystals; Directional supercontinuum generation; Dynamics of a green high-power tunable broad-area GaN diode laser with external-cavity feedback; Effects of anti-crossings with cladding resonances on soliton dynamics in gas-filled PCFs; Efficient modelling of nonlinear propagation in multimode graded-index fibers; Engineering Nanoantennas for Efficient Nonlinear Photon Conversion at the Nanoscale; Enhanced optical nonlinearity of metasurfaces made of patterned graphene nanoribbons; Enhancing axial resolution and background rejection in line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy by focal modulation; Experimental Analysis and Mean-field Dynamics of a Fully Connected Network of Chaotic Optical Devices; Experimental evidences of light superfluidity in a bulk nonlinear crystal; Extending the UV Supercontinuum by Tapering Gas-Filled Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fibers; Extreme Events in a Spatially Extended Laser; Extreme Pulses in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers: Precursors and On-demand Generation; Extreme Ultraviolet Light Source by High-Harmonic Generation Inside an Ultrafast Thin-Disk Laser; Far-from-Equilibrium Route to Superthermal Light in Bimodal Nanolasers; Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrences of incoherent waves; Fiber-Optic Reservoir Computing; Frequency preserving coherent opto-acoustic storage; Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Pulse Characterization with Chalcogenide Microwires; Generation of Spectrally Factorizable Counterpropagating Photon Pairs in Photonic Crystal Waveguides; Generation of photon and plasmon pairs by a nonlinear semiconductor nanoparticle; Geometric parametric instability in modulated parabolic graded-index fibers; High-dimensional synthetic lattice with enhanced defect sensitivity in planar photonic structures; Highly Sensitive Ultrafast Fibre Laser Gyroscopic Measurements Using Dispersion Fourier Transform; III-V integrated nonlinear photonic chips for the generation and manipulation of quantum states of light; Imaging by Nonlinear Plasmonic Metalenses; Imperfect symmetry breaking; Improved Design of Ultra-wideband Discrete Raman Amplifier with Low Noise and High Gain; Indirect transitions at a free carrier front in a silicon slow light waveguide; Kerr nonlinear properties of isotropic and anisotropic 2D nonlinear plasmonic waveguides; L-band passively harmonic mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes film; Laser with injected signal, beyond the integrate and fire excitable dynamics; Lasing on nonlinear localized waves in curved geometry; Magneto-Optic Splitting of Dissipative Solitons; Maker Fringe Measurement of Thermally Poled Thin-Film Layered Silica Structures; Manipulation and measurement of optical coherence in PT-symmetric photonic structures; Megawatt-class pulses from a solid-core fiber; Modal attraction on low order modes by Kerr effect in a graded refractive index multimode fiber; Mode-Independent Phase-Sensitive Frequency Conversion in a Few-Mode Elliptical-Core Fiber; Multi-soliton explosions in a mode-locked fiber laser; Nanojoule sub-100 fs Mid Infrared Pulse Generated From a Fully Fusion-Spliced Fiber Laser; Nanosecond-Pumped Random Raman Lasing from Bulk Nanogranular Materials; Non-radiating Modes for Tunable Second Harmonic Generation in AlGaAs Nanodimers; Nonlinear Coefficient Measurement in Highly Dispersive Fibers; Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Phoxonic Microbubble Resonators; Nonlinear Pulse Propagation Experiments in Multimode Fibers with Mode-Resolved Control; Nonlinear Surface THz-optical mechanism at extreme excitations; Nonlinear dynamics of anisotropic epsilon-near-zero materials; Nonlinear light propagation in hexagonal morphing umbilic caustic lattices; Nonlinear photonic structures by pyroelectric-assisted femtosecond laser lithography; Nonlinear polarization dynamics of Kerr beam self-cleaning in a GRIN multimode optical fiber; Nonlocality Induces Knotted Chains of Localized Structures in Lasers; Observation of 2D Semiconductor Dark Exciton Lifetime Using Two-photon Ultrafast Spectroscopy; Observation of Nonequilibrium Precondensation of Classical Optical Waves; Observation of Peregrine-like events in focusing dispersive dam break flows; Observation of molecule-like breathers in optical fibers; Observation of period-doubling dynamics of modulation instability in uniform and dispersion oscillating fiber-ring cavities; Observation of the symmetry breaking of the Fermi Pasta Ulam recurrence in optical fibers; Octave spanning supercontinuum in titanium dioxide waveguides; Optical Switching of the Second Harmonic Generation in AlGaAs Nanoantennas; Optical polarization rogue waves; Optimal Entrainment of the Power Dropouts of a Semiconductor Laser with Optical Feedback to Pump Current Modulation; Overcoming the Q-Switching Limitation in High Repetition-Rate Straight-Cavity SESAM-Modelocked Lasers; Performance Optimisation of Dual-Pump NALM Fibre Laser Using Machine Learning Inference; Persisting polarization domain walls for buffering of topological data; Phase Stochastic Resonance in a forced nanoelectromechanical oscillator; Photon pair nanosources with hybrid nonlinear/plasmonic antennas; Plasma-Mediated Interactions Between Counter-Propagating Solitons in Gas-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber; Plasmonic Enhancement of Epsilon-Near-Zero Modes; Polarization chaos and random bit generation in nonlinear fiber optics induced by a timedelayed counter-propagating feedback loop; Polarization modulation instability in a fiber Kerr resonator; Polarization rotation during nonlinear propagation of fully-structured optical beams; Pulse Formation in Mode Locked Lasers; Quantum Control of Quantum Solitons; Raman amplification and pulse dynamics in silicon photonic crystal waveguides; Replica Symmetry Breaking in Nonlinear Wave Propagation; Resonance in modulation instability from non-instantaneous nonlinearities; Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas using structured light; Satellite instabilities in Passively Mode-Locked Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers; Scalable multi-dimensional synthetic space and full state reconstruction in spectral lattices; Second Harmonic Generation by Mixing Longitudinal and Transverse Electric Field Components in Indium Gallium Phosphide-on-insulator Wire Waveguides; Self-repolarization of light in an optical fiber ring; Soliton Self-Compression and Raman-Enhanced Supercontinuum Generation in the Ultraviolet; Soliton-Modelocked 153-W Thin-Disk Laser Oscillator in Air Enabled by Negative Nonlinearities in a Phase-Mismatched ?(2) Crystal; Spatial Rogue Waves and Modulation Instability in Quadratic Media; Spatial Rogue Waves in Quadratic Optical Slab Waveguides; Spatial beam cleaning in quadratic nonlinear medium; Spatiotemporal Phenomena in Multimode Fibers; Spatiotemporal beam shaping in nonlinear multimode fibers; Spatiotemporal mode-locking: what it is, and different types; Spontaneous Light-mediated Magnetism in Cold Atoms; Stable GHz-rate Mode-locking of Fiber Lasers Using Optoacoustic Interactions in Photonic Crystal Fibers; Stimulation of waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of liquids; Sum-Frequency- and Photon-Pair-Generation in AlGaAs Nano-Disks; Superthermal light from single-mode VCSEL; Suppressing spatio-temporal lasing instabilities with wave-chaotic microcavity lasers; Temporal Localized Structures and Light Bullets in Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers; The Picoseconds Structure of Ultrafast Rogue Waves; The Role of the Raman Gain in the Noise Dynamics of All-Normal Dispersion Silica Fiber Supercontinuum Generation; Two octave supercontinuum generation by cascaded intermodal four-wave mixing in a step-index few-mode fiber; Two-dimensional semiconductors: a novel platform for micron-sized phase-matching-free parametric oscillators; Ultra-low Noise Supercontinuum Generation with Flat-near Zero All Normal Dispersion Pure Silica Fiber at GHz Reptition Rate; Ultraviolet Mie Resonances From LiNbO3 Nanocubes For Enhancing Nonlinear Signals; Vibrations and oscillations of tri-soliton molecules in a mode-locked fiber laser; Visible Supercontinuum Light Generation in Integrated Diamond-on-Insulator Waveguides; Wavelength Dependence of the Second-Order Nonlinear Susceptibility of Harmonic Nanoparticles. The key terms of this proceedings include 2D Nonlinear Nanostructures, Applications of Complexity, Applications of Quadratic Nonlinearities and Harmonic Generation, Applications of Supercontinuum, Dynamical Effects in Lasers, Instabilities and Synchronization, Measurements and Microscopy, Metamaterials and Coherence Effects in Lasers, Mode Locking, Nonlinear Dielectric Nanostructures, Nonlinear Plasmonics, Novel Spatial Effects in Planar Photonics Structures, Opto-acoustic Effects, Raman and Brillouin Gain, Quantum Applications of Nonlinear Photonic Devices, Spatiotemporal Phenomena, Vectorial Effects, Waves and Solitons Interactions.},
publisher={Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)},
isbn={9781943580439; 9781943580439},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. InfoBase Conf. Pap},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint2018,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Warisarn, C. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Reduced complexity multi-track joint detector for sidetrack data estimation in high areal density BPMR},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2018},
volume={54},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2018.2839682},
art_number={8376024},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048478438&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2018.2839682&partnerID=40&md5=a4f43978fd545898a26f27687b1cd523},
affiliation={School of Science and Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={For the high areal density bit patterned media recording (BPMR) systems, various multi-track equalization and detection techniques were proposed to mitigate the inter-track interference (ITI) so as to recover recorded data from the detecting tracks efficiently, but most works rarely aim to recover the recorded data on the sidetracks concurrently. As anticipation of that the readback signal has the intense contributions from the sidetracks due to high areal density, in this paper, we attempt to estimate the recorded data from the sidetracks as well as the detecting tracks by a multi-track joint detector that processes multi-track readback signals jointly in a single detector. To avoid the high complexity, which is the main shortfall in realizing the multi-track joint detector, we propose to employ a multi-track joint detector with a reduced complexity trellis for multi-head multi-track systems, in particular, four-head four-track (4H4T) BPMR system. To reduce the number of states in the trellis, the signals are equalized to 2-D generalized partial response targets whose cornered ITI coefficients are set to zero. The parallel branches are also incorporated in the trellis to estimate the data on the sidetracks. Moreover, we propose a two-head four-track (2H4T) system which generates the estimates of the recorded data on the four tracks by processing the signals from only two tracks. According to the simulation results, the proposed detector performs well on the data estimation of the detecting tracks as well as the sidetracks in both 4H4T and 2H4T systems. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  equalization;  multi-head multi-track (MHMT);  multi-track joint detector},
keywords={Detectors;  Equalizers;  Estimation;  Geological surveys;  Ground penetrating radar systems;  Target tracking, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Complexity theory;  equalization;  Ground Penetrating Radar;  Media;  Multi tracks, Radar target recognition},
funding_details={Office of the Higher Education CommissionOffice of the Higher Education Commission, OHEC},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, MRG6080110},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the Office of the Higher Education Commission Thailand and in part by the Thailand Research Fund under Grant MRG6080110.},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 155-161. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, U.K., Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3691-3694. , Oct; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Asymmetric iterative multitrack detection for 2-D non-binary LDPC-coded magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (10), pp. 5215-5221. , Oct; Zheng, N., Venkataraman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-D signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (6). , Jun. Art. no. 3100906; Saito, H., Signal-processing schemes for multi-track recording and simultaneous detection using high areal density bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov. Art. no. 3101404; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection for next generation magnetic recording, part I: Weighted sum subtract joint detection with ITI estimation (2017) IEEE Trans. Commun., 65 (4), pp. 1635-1648. , Apr; Myint, L.M., Warisarn, C., Reduced complexity of multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detectors for bit-patterned media recording channel (2017) AIP Adv., 7 (5), p. 056502; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Improved multitrack detection with hybrid 2-D equalizer and modified Viterbi detector (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn., 53 (10). , Oct. Art. no. 3000710; Myint, L.M., Supnithi, P., Sidetrack data estimation using multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detector (2018) Proc. ECTI-CON Thailand, , Jul; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, 2nd Ed., , Norwell, MA, USA: Kluwer},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L.M.M.; School of Science and Technology, Thailand; email: lin@siu.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Muthsam2017,
author={Muthsam, O. and Vogler, C. and Suess, D.},
title={Noise reduction in heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media by optimizing a high/low Tc bilayer structure},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2017},
volume={122},
number={21},
doi={10.1063/1.5004244},
art_number={213903},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037722135&doi=10.1063%2f1.5004244&partnerID=40&md5=650fec73c965293cdd8a6727748a8025},
affiliation={University of Vienna, Physics of Functional Materials, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna, 1090, Austria},
abstract={It is assumed that heat-assisted magnetic recording is the recording technique of the future. For pure hard magnetic grains in high density media with an average diameter of 5 nm and a height of 10 nm, the switching probability is not sufficiently high for the use in bit-patterned media. Using a bilayer structure with 50% hard magnetic material with low Curie temperature and 50% soft magnetic material with high Curie temperature to obtain more than 99.2% switching probability leads to very large jitter. We propose an optimized material composition to reach a switching probability of Pswitch &gt; 99.2% and simultaneously achieve the narrow transition jitter of pure hard magnetic material. Simulations with a continuous laser spot were performed with the atomistic simulation program VAMPIRE for a single cylindrical recording grain with a diameter of 5 nm and a height of 10 nm. Different configurations of soft magnetic material and different amounts of hard and soft magnetic material were tested and discussed. Within our analysis, a composition with 20% soft magnetic and 80% hard magnetic material reaches the best results with a switching probability Pswitch &gt; 99.2%, an off-track jitter parameter σoff,80â•20 = 0.46 nm and a down-track jitter parameter σdown,80â•20 = 0.49 nm. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Curie temperature;  Jitter;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Noise abatement;  Probability;  Switching, Atomistic simulations;  Bit-patterned media;  Hard magnetic material;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  High Curie temperature;  Low Curie temperature;  Material compositions;  Switching probability, Magnetism},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, I2214-N20},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under the Grant No. MA14-044, the Advanced Storage Technology Consortium (ASTC), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant No. I2214-N20 for financial support. The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).},
references={Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, M., Machida, H., Yano, T., Hwang, U.M., (1984) Thermomagnetic Recording; Mee, C., Fan, G., A proposed beam-addressable memory (1967) IEEE Trans. Magn., 3 (1), pp. 72-76; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Mountfield, K., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Fatih Erden, M., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Suess, D., Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Windl, R., Breth, L., Fidler, J., Fundamental limits in heat-assisted magnetic recording and methods to overcome it with exchange spring structures (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117 (16); Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Breaking the thermally induced write error in heat assisted recording by using low and high Tc materials (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102 (16); Coffey, K.R., Thiele, J.-U., Weller, D.K., (2005) Thermal spring' magnetic recording media for writing using magnetic and thermal gradients; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Areal density optimizations for heat-assisted magnetic recording of high-density media (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 119 (22); Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials (2014) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 26 (10); Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., Understanding signal and noise in heat assisted magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 765-772; Jimmy Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., Medium optimization for lowering head field and heating requirements in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Magn. Lett., 6; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Basic noise mechanisms of heat-assisted-magnetic recording (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 120 (15); Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Kronmüller, H., Remanence and coercivity in isotropic nanocrystalline permanent magnets (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49 (9), p. 6100; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308 (2), pp. 183-197; Huang, L.S., Hu, J.F., Chen, J.S., Critical Fe thickness for effective coercivity reduction in FePt/Fe exchange-coupled bilayer (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (6), pp. 1242-1247},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2017,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative Channel Detection with LDPC Product Code for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2695654},
art_number={7907319},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032966919&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2695654&partnerID=40&md5=10a74a46cd35295a08d5a78eb724b504},
affiliation={Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Because of the explosion in data growth, the requirement for high-density storage systems has increased. Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a candidate for the next-generation magnetic recording systems, and its many advantages facilitate the achievement of recording densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond. In BPMR, each information bit is represented by a magnetic island; however, due to the small spacings between the along- and across-track islands that are for the achievement of a high areal density, severe extents of the inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference appear. These error factors degrade the system performance of the recording system. In this paper, an iterative channel detection scheme with a low-density parity check (LDPC) product code for which the extrinsic information between the soft output Viterbi algorithm and the LDPC product code is used for the BPMR is proposed. For the improvement of the BPMR performance, the modified extrinsic information data are exploited. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  burst error;  low-density parity check (LDPC) code;  product code},
keywords={Digital storage;  Forward error correction;  Inventory control;  Iterative methods;  Recording instruments;  Satellite communication systems;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Burst errors;  Inter-track interferences;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Magnetic recording systems;  Product code;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Codes (symbols)},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Moon, W., Im, S., Performance of the contraction mapping-based iterative two-dimensional equalizer for bit-patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2620-2623. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional sova and ldpc codes for holographic data storage system (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (5), pp. 2260-2263. , May; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-d modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11). , Nov. Art. no. 3101204; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., A new burst detection scheme using parity check matrix of ldpc code for bit flipping burst-like signal degradation (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3773-3776. , Nov; Elias, P., Error-free coding (1954) Trans. IRE Prof. Group Inf. Theory, 4 (4), pp. 29-37. , Sep; Lee, J., Lee, J., Park, T., Error control scheme for high-speed dvd systems (2005) IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron, 51 (4), pp. 1197-1203. , Nov; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Ldpc product coding scheme with extrinsic information for bit patterned media recoding (2017) AIP Adv, 7 (5), p. 056513. , Mar; Jeong, S., Lee, J., Iterative ldpc-ldpc product code for bit patterned media (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (3). , Oct. Art. no. 3100704; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Department of ICMC Convergence Technology, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2017,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Twin Iterative Detection for Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2700290},
art_number={7917253},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032954233&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2700290&partnerID=40&md5=c8b3fd0aec0acf8b37810d8c5d126ac7},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has been developed into a technology for the next generation of hard disc drives, which can push area density beyond 1 Tb/in2 for satisfying the ever increasing demand of storing massive amounts of data. One of the major challenges in BPMR systems is 2-D interference that is regarded as a GIST of degrading the system performance. From a signal processing viewpoint, 2-D optimal detection schemes are very complicated for 2-D interference channels. In this paper, we propose a twin iterative detection scheme based on 1-D detectors and decoders in order to reduce the complexity. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to that of a conventional simplified 2-D iterative detection scheme, and the results indicate that the proposed model is better by approximately 1 dB under the effect of 10% track misreGISTration. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  intertrack interference;  iterative detection;  soft output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Digital storage;  Signal processing;  Viterbi algorithm, 2-D interference channels;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative detection;  Optimal detection;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Track misregistration, Iterative methods},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={In Fig. 5, we compare the system performance of the proposed scheme to that of the scheme of the utilizing soft feedback (USF) information [11]. Comparison is at the third iteration where both models converge. As shown in Fig. 5, the performance of the USF scheme is quite better than that of the proposed model at low SNR range, whereas the proposed twin iterative detection model offers better performance than the other, in all cases of TMR effect. The convergence rate of the proposal in obtaining no error is faster than that of the USF scheme. For instance, considered at 0% TMR, the proposal model obtains no error as the SNR is greater than or equal to 11 dB, while it requires at least 12 dB using the USF model. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also less sensitive to the TMR, compared to the others. IV. CONCLUSION In this paper, we propose a twin iterative detection for BPMR systems. The iteration is carried out between 1-D channel detector and decoder on horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. In the proposed model, the output of the decoder is shaped into the PR target signal before feedback to the channel detector. The simulation results show that a gain of about 0.6 dB is obtained over the conventional solution under 10% TMR at 10−7 BER and the convergence rate of the proposed scheme for obtaining no error is faster than that of the USF scheme. Moreover, the proposed model is less sensitive to the TMR effects over the others. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korea government (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for hdd storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , Jun; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., On the computational complexity of 2d maximum-likelihood sequence detection (2006) Hewlett-Packard Lab, , Palo Alto, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. HPL-2006-69 Apr; Marrow, M., Wolf, J.K., Iterative detection of 2-dimensional isi channels (2003) Proc. IEEE Inf. Theory Workshop, pp. 131-134. , Paris, France, Mar./Apr; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative decoding between twodimensional soft output viterbi algorithm and error correcting modulation code for holographic data storage (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 50 (9), pp. 09MB021-09MB023. , Sep; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2-d intersymbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Aug; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording systems (2017) IEEE Trans. Magn, 53 (3). , Mar Art. no. 3101304; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saito2017,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Polar Channel Coding Schemes for Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2705579},
art_number={7931691},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032952574&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2705579&partnerID=40&md5=2a1233cbb96e58298ccdefb31309e573},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={This paper proposes new two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) systems using polar channel coding as practical error correction coding. It is known that the time and space complexities of the encoding/decoding algorithms based on polar channel coding are O(N N, where N is the codeword (block) length. If we compare the error-correction performance of a polar code with that of a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in the same rate, it is known that the polar code has a longer length and its decoder still has a lower implementation complexity than the LDPC decoder. Therefore, relatively low-complexity coding schemes are preferable for any TDMR systems under high rates and relatively long codeword lengths. In this paper, the proposed TDMR system serially concatenates a two-dimensional (2-D) modulation code with one-dimensional (1-D) polar codes in each down-track direction. These element polar codes are designed on the fundamentals of the channel polarization theory, which are applied for channels with memory. Actually, it evaluates the performance of the signal processing scheme with concatenated coding and generalized partial response equalization for the proposed TDMR system using bit-patterned media by computer simulations. As a result, it shows that the block error rate performance of the proposed TDMR system with the 2-D modulation and polar channel coding schemes is superior to that of the 1-D system with the conventional 1-D high rate modulation and LDPC coding schemes. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={multi-track recording;  partial response equalization;  polar code;  run-length limited code;  successive cancellation decoding;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording},
keywords={Channel capacity;  Codes (symbols);  Decoding;  Equalizers;  Error correction;  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Modulation;  One dimensional;  Satellite communication systems;  Signal processing, Multi-track recording;  Partial response;  Polar codes;  Run length limited code;  Successive-cancellation decoding;  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Channel coding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 16K06313},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author would like to thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve this paper. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) under Grant Number JP16K06313 of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bidirectional decision feedback modified Viterbi detection (BD-DFMV) for shingled bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) with 2D sectors and alternating track widths (2016) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 34 (9), pp. 2450-2462. , Sep; Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bit-stuffing bounds on the capacity of 2-dimensional constrained arrays (1998) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), p. 323. , Cambridge, MA, USA, Aug; Kato, A., Zeger, K., On the capacity of two-dimensional runlength constrained channels (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45 (5), pp. 1527-1540. , Jul; Saito, H., Multi-track joint decoding schemes using two-dimensional run-length limited codes for bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2016) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E99-A (12), pp. 2248-2255. , Dec; Arikan, E., Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacityachieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , Jul; Şaşoglu, E., Polarization and polar codes (2012) Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory, 8 (4), pp. 259-381. , Oct; Sabato, G., Molkaraie, M., Generalized belief propagation for the noiseless capacity and information rates of run-length limited constraints (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun., 60 (3), pp. 669-675. , Mar; Marcellin, M.W., Weber, H.J., Two-dimensional modulation codes (1992) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 10 (1), pp. 254-266. , Jan; Arikan, E., Systematic polar coding (2011) IEEE Commun. Lett., 15 (8), pp. 860-862. , Aug; Sarkis, G., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W.J., Fast polar decoders: Algorithm and implementation (2014) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 32 (5), pp. 946-957. , May; Şaşoglu, E., Tal, I., Polar coding for processes with memory (2016) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 225-229. , Barcelona, Spain, Jul; Şaşoglu, E., Polarization in the presence of memory (2011) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 189-193. , Saint Petersburg, Russia, Jul./Aug; Şaşoglu, E., (2011) Polar Coding Theorems for Discrete Systems, , Ph. D. dissertation, EDIC Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytéchnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne, Switzerland; Naseri, S., Hodtani, G.A., A general write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5). , May; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Zhong, H., Zhong, T., Haratsch, E.F., Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes for the magnetic recording channel: Code design and VLSI implementation (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (3), pp. 1118-1123. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied Physics, 1-24-2 Nishi-shinjuku, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Warisarn2017,
author={Warisarn, C. and Busyatras, W. and Myint, L.M.M. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Mitigation of TMR Using Energy Ratio and Bit-Flipping Techniques in Multitrack Multihead BPMR Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2700849},
art_number={7918528},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032910271&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2700849&partnerID=40&md5=3ff7e264a8fc52aa257bc3e66a0a9110},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; School of Science and Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Track misregistration (TMR) in ultra-high density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the crucial problems, because it can severely degrade the overall system performance. In practical, TMR can be detected and adjusted by a servo control loop system. However, this paper proposes to utilize multiple readback signals obtained from the optimized positioning of the two side read head closer to the main read head to improve the TMR prediction process in a multitrack multi-head BPMR system with position jitter noise. In addition, we also propose the soft-information exchange and the bit-flipping techniques for the multitrack data detection, so as to improve the bit-error rate (BER) performance of all three data tracks simultaneously. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system is superior to the conventional system, especially, when the amount of TMR and position jitter is high. Furthermore, we also found that the upper and lower read heads, which are moved closer to the center track by 25% of a track pitch, will provide the best BER performance with and without position jitter noise. © 2017 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  multitrack multihead;  soft-information exchange;  track misregistration},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Error statistics;  Information dissemination;  Jitter, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Conventional systems;  Multihead;  Prediction process;  Soft information;  Track misregistration;  Ultrahigh density, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, and in part by the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand.},
references={He, L.N., Estimation of track misregistration by using dualstripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , Jul; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4590-4593. , Nov; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A TMR mitigation method based on readback signal in bitpatterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C (8), pp. 892-898. , Aug; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative TMR mitigation method based on readback signal for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Busyatras, W., Utilization of multiple read heads for TMR prediction and correction in bit-patterned media recording (2016) AIP Adv., 7 (5), p. 056501. , Dec; Chang, Y.-B., Park, D.-K., Park, N.-C., Park, Y.-P., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , Mar; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., Multihead multitrack detection with reduced-state sequence estimation (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3). , Mar; Yao, J., Hwang, E., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Mathew, G., Two-track joint detection for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) (2015) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 418-424. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Advanced format technology brief (2014) Tech. Rep., pp. 1-4. , HGST a Western Digital Company, HGST Inc., Mar; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Venugopal2017,
author={Venugopal, A. and Ghoreyeshi, A. and Victora, R.H.},
title={High-Density Shingled Heat-Assisted Recording Using Bit-Patterned Media Subject to Track Misregistration},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2695802},
art_number={7904603},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032896295&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2695802&partnerID=40&md5=11f9ab375fd0e1a1552b0aec7e589948},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States},
abstract={Shingled recording employing bit-patterned media when used in conjunction with heat-assisted magnetic recording can significantly enhance the recording density. This paper investigates writing of dots that are not directly under the laser pulse. Such a shifted scheme of writing allows higher densities when used with shingled recording. A further increase in the recording density can be obtained by using composite structures, comprising a superparamagnetic writing layer, and a (doped) FePt storage layer. Effect of head velocity, Curie temperature variation, track mis-registration, and dot position jitter on the standard deviation of switching distribution is studied to evaluate the designs that offer data densities as high as 16 Tbpsi. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  composite media;  heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  shingled recording;  switching distribution},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic recording;  Platinum alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Composite media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Shingled recordings;  Superparamagnetics;  Temperature variation;  Track misregistration, Digital storage},
funding_details={Association of Science-Technology CentersAssociation of Science-Technology Centers, ASTC},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank S. Wang for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IDEMA/ASTC.},
references={Victora, R.H., Huang, P.-W., Ghoreyshi, A., Wang, S., Noise mitigation in granular and bit-patterned media for HAMR (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (4). , Apr; Vogler, C., Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2 (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett, 108, p. 102406. , Mar; Victora, R.H., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Greaves, S.J., Microwave-assisted magnetic recording on dualthickness and dual-layer bit-patterned media (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (7). , Jul; Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording with patterned FePt recording media using a lollipop near field transducer (2014) J. Appl. Phys, 115, p. 17B719. , Feb; Liu, Z., Victora, R.H., Composite media for high density heat assisted magnetic recording (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett, 108, p. 232402. , Jun; Victora, R.H., Wang, S., Simulation of expected areal density gain for heat-assisted magnetic recording relative to other advanced recording schemes (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (11). , Nov; Wang, S., Victora, R.H., Temperature distribution of granular media for heat assisted magnetic recording (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17D147. , Apr; Wang, S., Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2 (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17C115. , Mar; Qu, T., Victora, R.H., Effect of substitutional defects on Kambersky damping in L10 magnetic materials (2015) Appl. Phys. Lett, 106, p. 072404. , Feb; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Suess, D., Fundamental limits in heat-assisted magnetic recording and methods to overcome it with exchange spring structures (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 163913. , Apr; McDaniel, T.W., Areal density limitation in bit-patterned, heat-assisted magnetic recording using FePtX media (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 112, p. 093920. , Nov; Jiao, Y., Liu, Z., Victora, R.H., Renormalized anisotropic exchange for representing heat assisted magnetic recording media (2015) J. Appl. Phys, 117, p. 17E317. , Mar; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5). , May; Wan, L., The limits of lamellae-forming PS-b-PMMA block coploymers for lithography (2015) ACS Nano, 9 (7), pp. 7506-7514. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Venugopal, A.; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, United States; email: venug012@umn.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Owen2017,
author={Owen, A.G. and Su, H. and Montgomery, A. and Gupta, S.},
title={Comparison of air and heptane solvent annealing of block copolymers for bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2017},
volume={35},
number={6},
doi={10.1116/1.5004150},
art_number={061801},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029873861&doi=10.1116%2f1.5004150&partnerID=40&md5=438867864dcb8edd93459b039339d2b0},
affiliation={Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA  95138, United States},
abstract={Co/Pd multilayered films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were patterned using block copolymer templating. Two methods of achieving phase separation of the block copolymer were compared. A matrix study of etch time and etch angle was carried out for each phase separation method, and their effects on the magnetic properties were studied. It was found that ion milling at 45° and 3.5 minutes for the heptane annealing method yielded the highest coercivity, 3.2 kOe, a 246% increase over that of an unpatterned film. © 2017 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Cobalt;  Heptane;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Phase separation, Annealing methods;  Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer templating;  Co/Pd multilayered film;  Ion milling;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Separation methods;  Solvent annealing, Block copolymers},
funding_details={ECCS 0901858},
funding_text 1={This research was supported in part by NSF ECCS 0901858 “GOALI Nanopatterned Graded Media.” The Center of Materials for Information Technology (MINT), the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, the UA Micro-Fabrication Facility, and the Central Analytical Facility are acknowledged for their support and facilities.},
references={Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Goll, D., Bublat, T., (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210, p. 1261; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Laughlin, D.E., Srinivasan, K., Tanase, M., Wang, L., (2005) Scr. Mater., 53, p. 383; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46; Su, H., Schwarm, S.C., Martens, R.L., Gupta, S., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B717; Sun, Z., Li, D., Natarajarathinam, A., Su, H., Gupta, S., (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 30; Su, H., Natarajarathinam, A., Gupta, S., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113; Abugri, J., Visscher, P.B., Su, H., Gupta, S., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 118; Su, H., Schwarm, S.C., Douglas, R., Montgomery, A., Owen, A.G., Gupta, S., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 116; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, p. 3155; Son, J.G., Chang, J.-B., Berggren, K.K., Ross, C.A., (2011) Nano Lett., 11, p. 5079; Tang, C., Lennon, E.M., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.D.J., Hawker, C.J., (2008) Science, 322, p. 429; Albert, J.N.L., Epps, T.H., III, (2010) Mater. Today, 13, p. 24; Gotrik, K.W., Ross, C.A., (2013) Nano. Lett., 13, p. 5117; O'Mahony, C.T., Borah, D., Morris, M.A., (2015) Int. J. Polym. Sci.; Owen, A.G., Su, H., Montgomery, A., Douglas, R., Gupta, S., (2015) TMS 2015 Supplemental Proceedings, p. 309. , (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ); Li, X., Tadisina, Z.R., Ju, G., Gupta, S., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A, 27, p. 1062; Fassbender, J., Ravelsona, D., Samson, Y., (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37, p. R179; Sun, Z., Retterer, S.T., Li, D., (2014) J. Phys. D., 47},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21662746},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Sopon2017,
author={Sopon, T. and Wongtrairat, W.},
title={Simplified clusters region factor graph to graph based detection in 2D interference channel},
journal={2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075836},
art_number={8075836},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017 ; Conference Date: 8 March 2017 Through 10 March 2017;  Conference Code:131482},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039961777&doi=10.1109%2fIEECON.2017.8075836&partnerID=40&md5=65916a7f9a28504b207a3ec369198b49},
affiliation={Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand},
abstract={In this work, we propose the method for clusters region factor graph, the four targets in 3×3 two-dimensional (2D) interference channel matrix. We apply the clusters region into the two 3×2 vertical matrix targets, and similarly the cluster region into the two 2×3 horizontal matrix targets. Moreover, the factor graph is defined based on the 3×3 2D interference channel matrix using belief propagation by a posteriori log-likelihood ratio as message passing. The simulation result shows that the offer for method is able to be better the bit error rate (BER) performance than the conventional Graph based detector. © 2017 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D interference channel;  Bit patterned media recording;  Clusters region factor graph;  Graph based detector},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Message passing;  Signal interference, 2-D interference channels;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Factor graphs;  Graph-based detection;  Graph-based detectors;  Interference channels;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Graphic methods},
references={Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-Assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , October; Nutter, P.W., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , November; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph based channel detection for multi-Track recording channels (2008) EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, , vol; Sopon, T., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Vichienchom, K., Modified graph based detection methods for two-dimensional interference channels (2012) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48 (11), pp. 4618-4621. , November; Yedida, J.S., Freeman, W.T., Weiss, Y., Constructing free energy approximations and generalized belief propagation algorithms (2005) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51 (7), pp. 2282-2312. , July; Kschischang, F.R., Fray, B.J., Loeliger, H.A., Factor graphs and the sum product algorithm (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47, pp. 498-519; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50 (1). , January; Sopon, T., Performance evaluation of clusters in factor graph for graph based detection (2016) The 31st International Technical Conference on Circutis/Systems Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC2016), pp. 861-864. , Okinawa Pref. Municipal Center, Jichikaikan, July 10-13},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509046669},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Electr. Eng. Congr., iEECON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Buajong2017,
author={Buajong, C. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Multitrack reading scheme with single reader in BPMR systems},
journal={2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075828},
art_number={8075828},
note={cited By 7; Conference of 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017 ; Conference Date: 8 March 2017 Through 10 March 2017;  Conference Code:131482},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039943881&doi=10.1109%2fIEECON.2017.8075828&partnerID=40&md5=6e94dc7a21aac663a37c073a9df7130a},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In ultra-high track density magnetic recording such as bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), the narrow track reader is required to avoid the strong intertrack interference (ITI). However, the reduction of reader size to the track pitch is considerably difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes to use the multitrack reading scheme with the staggered island BPMR. The effects of the island size and position fluctuation are investigated. Then, two-dimensional (2D) decoding scheme will be considered to mitigate the reader's narrow track width requirement by oversampling technique. Moreover, both the threshold and Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) detection were also examined the system performance. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system outperforms the conventional reading system, especially for high areal density. © 2017 IEEE.},
author_keywords={BPMR;  Magnetic recording;  Media noises;  Multi-Track reading;  PRML},
keywords={Maximum likelihood, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  BPMR;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Multi tracks;  Oversampling technique;  Partial response maximum likelihood detections;  PRML, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang},
funding_text 1={ACKNOELEDGMENT The This work was partially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, and King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, Thailand.},
references={Wood, R., The feasible of magnetic recording at 1 Terbit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 222512; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasible of magnetic recording at 10 Terbit per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Two-Track reading with a wide-Track reader for shingled track recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (11), p. 3002404. , Nov; Yamashita, M., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Warisarn, C., An iterative inter-Track interference mitigation method for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115. , no. 17B732; Cideciyan, R.D., Dolivo, F., Hermann, R., Hirt, W., Schott, W., A PRML system for digital magnetic recording (1992) IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun, 10, pp. 38-56. , no., Jan; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Kovintavewat, P., Generalized partial-response targets for perpendicular recording with jitter noise (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (5), pp. 2340-2342. , Sep; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 117. , no. 17A904},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509046669},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Electr. Eng. Congr., iEECON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nokyotin2017,
author={Nokyotin, I. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Wongtrairat, W. and Sopon, T.},
title={Layered generalized belief propagation detection on bpmr system with multi-Track processing},
journal={2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075849},
art_number={8075849},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress, iEECON 2017 ; Conference Date: 8 March 2017 Through 10 March 2017;  Conference Code:131482},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039931072&doi=10.1109%2fIEECON.2017.8075849&partnerID=40&md5=6fe30c0257e9d329d2339940781901a2},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology, Isan Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat Universuty, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, we compare the performance of the generalized belief propagation detector and the layered generalized belief propagation detector with a Log-MAP algorithm and max algorithm for the message passing on the factor graph. Which message-passing sequential of the LGBP detector is used to update the nodes sequentially instead of simultaneously in the factor graph. The simulation results show the performance bit error rate of the LGBP detector with the Log-MAP algorithm and max algorithm achieve the gains of about 0.2 dB, respectively, at BER = 10-5 over the GBP detector on the bit patterned media recording system at areal density 2 Tbits/in2. © 2017 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D interference channel;  Generalized belief propagation detector;  Layered generalized belief propagation detector},
keywords={Bit error rate, 2-D interference channels;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Factor graphs;  Generalized belief propagation;  LOG MAP algorithm;  Max algorithms;  Multi tracks, Message passing},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magneticx, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , October; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , November; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hocevar, D.E., A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes (2004) Proc. IEEE SIPS, pp. 107-112; Nabavi, S., Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., An analytical approach for performance evaluation of bit-patterned media channels (2010) IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 28 (2), pp. 135-142. , february; Sopon, T., Supnithi, P., Vichienchom, K., Performance of log-map algorithm for graphbased detections on the 2-D interference channel (2014) The 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (JICTEE-2014), pp. 1-5; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels (2008) EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing; Kschischang, F.R., Frey, B.J., Loeliger, H.A., Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 498-519. , february; Yedidia, J.S., Freeman, W.T., Construction free-energy approximations and generalized belief propagation alogorithms (2005) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51 (7), pp. 2282-2312. , july},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509046669},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Electr. Eng. Congr., iEECON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2017,
author={Wang, Y. and Kumar, B.V.K.V.},
title={Improved Multitrack Detection with Hybrid 2-D Equalizer and Modified Viterbi Detector},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={10},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2017.2708687},
art_number={7934423},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029949548&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2017.2708687&partnerID=40&md5=5a1f590dc31aedd3f96e04a877874b36},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={Increasing track density in magnetic recording systems increases inter-track interference (ITI). One way to handle the increased ITI is to apply 2-D equalization to the signals from multiple tracks. Usually the equalizer coefficients and the corresponding partial response (PR) targets are fixed after training using a pseudo-random bit sequence. We denote such an equalizer as a fixed equalizer. In this paper, we propose and investigate a variable 2-D equalizer for bit patterned media recording (BPMR). In the proposed approach, the equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets vary with ITI patterns. These variable equalizer coefficients are determined and stored by training with sequences representing different ITI patterns. In the proposed approach for BPMR, during data detection, these variable equalizer coefficients and corresponding PR targets are embedded into the parallel branches of a modified Viterbi (MV) detector in response to estimated ITI patterns. We term this new approach as V2DEMV [i.e., variable 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector] algorithm. Furthermore, we propose to simplify the implementation of the V2DEMV algorithm by identifying the survivor branch among the branches corresponding to the dominant erroneous ITI patterns. Then this survivor branch and other branches corresponding to remaining possible ITI patterns are processed by an F2DEMV (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm to estimate the bits. We term this reduced-complexity approach as an H2DEMV (i.e., hybrid 2-D equalizer with 2-D PR target followed by MV detector) algorithm. Our simulations indicate that for both two readers detecting two tracks and three readers detecting three tracks, at target bit error rate of 10-3, the proposed H2DEMV algorithm can provide noticeable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains compared to F2DE1DV algorithm (i.e., fixed 2-D equalizer with 1-D PR target followed by 1-D Viterbi detector) and F2DEMV algorithm. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Hybrid 2-D equalizer;  inter-track interference (ITI);  multitrack detection},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Magnetic levitation vehicles;  Signal to noise ratio;  Viterbi algorithm, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Equalizer coefficients;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Multi-track detections;  Pseudo random bit sequences;  Reduced complexity;  Variable equalizers, Equalizers},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1910-1914. , Dec; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on bpmr channels with written-in error correction and iti mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Marker codes on bpmr write channel with data-dependent written-in errors (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (8). , Aug; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3691-3694. , Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Radhakrishnan, R., Varnica, N., Oberg, M., Estimation of areal density gains of TDMR system with 2D detector (2014) Proc. ISITA, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 674-678. , Australia, Oct; Zheng, N., Venkataraman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., A study of multitrack joint 2-D signal detection performance and implementation cost for shingled magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (6). , Jun; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) IEEE Signal Process. Lett., 14 (7), pp. 433-436. , Jul; Yao, J., Teh, K.C., Li, K.H., Joint iterative detection/decoding scheme for discrete two-dimensional interference channels (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun., 60 (12), pp. 3548-3555. , Dec; Chen, Y., Srinivasa, S.G., Joint self-iterating equalization and detection for two-dimensional intersymbol-interference channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Commun., 61 (8), pp. 3219-3230. , Aug; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Kong, L., He, L., Chen, P., Han, G., Fang, Y., Protograph-based quasicyclic LDPC coding for ultrahigh density magnetic recording channels (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11). , Nov; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3. , Dec; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Study of two-dimensional magnetic recording system including micromagnetic writer (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3). , Mar; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), United States; email: douglaswang898@gmail.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Pan2017240,
author={Pan, J.},
title={Ultra-high density rewritability function achieved using phase-change electrical probe memory},
journal={Proceedings of 2017 IEEE 2nd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, IAEAC 2017},
year={2017},
pages={240-246},
doi={10.1109/IAEAC.2017.8054014},
art_number={8054014},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2nd IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, IAEAC 2017 ; Conference Date: 25 March 2017 Through 26 March 2017;  Conference Code:130957},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034603201&doi=10.1109%2fIAEAC.2017.8054014&partnerID=40&md5=0942961f3bff5ef60ae815a0eb5e4561},
affiliation={School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, China},
abstract={The erasable performance of a scanning probe phase-change memory from the amorphous to the crystalline phase or vice verse is investigated here in light of a previously developed 2D comprehensive model. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of erasing amorphous bits from a crystalline background using the scanning probe phase-change memory under low power consumption. Erasing crystalline bits from an amorphous background is found to be problematic due to the presence of the unwanted transformation of the crystalline 'ring'. Such a drawback can be however effectively overcome using either 'patterned' media or slow crystal growth material, according to a newly developed nucleation-growth model. © 2017 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Erase;  Growth;  Nucleation;  Phase-Change Media;  Scanning Probe},
keywords={Crystalline materials;  Growth (materials);  Nucleation;  Scanning, Comprehensive model;  Crystalline phase;  Electrical probes;  Erase;  Low-power consumption;  Nucleation growth model;  Phase change media;  Scanning probes, Phase change memory},
references={Kolobov, A., Fons, P., Frenkel, A.I., Ankudinov, A., Tominaga, J., Uruga, T., (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, p. 703; Gidon, S., Lemonnier, O., Rolland, B., Bichet, O., Dressler, O., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 6392; Tanaka, K., (2007) J. Non-Crystals Solids, 353, p. 1899; Wang, L., Wright, C.D., Shah, P., Aziz, M.M., Sebastian, A., Pozidis, H., Pauza, A., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, p. 09MD04; Bhaskaran, H., Sebastian, A., Pauza, A., Pozidis, H., Despont, M., (2009) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 80, p. 3701; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 4301; Wright, C.D., Aziz, M.M., Shah, P., Wang, L., (2011) Curr. Appl. Phys., 11, p. e104; Wright, C.D., Armand, M., Aziz, M.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Nano-technol., 5, p. 50; Wang, L., (2009) A Study of Terabit per Square Inch Scanning Probe Phase Change Memory [Dissertation], , University of Exeter, Exeter; Bhaskaran, H., Sebastian, A., Despont, M., (2009) IEEE Trans. Nano-technol., 8, p. 128; Liu, Y., Aziz, M.M., Shalini, A., Wright, C.D., Hicken, R.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 123526; Kim, H.J., Choi, S.K., Kang, S.H., Oh, K.H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 3103; Kalb, J., Spaepen, F., Wuttig, M., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 5240; Volmer, M., Weber, Z.A., (1926) Phys. Chem., 119, p. 277; Becker, B., Doring, W., (1935) Ann. Phys., 24, p. 719; Turnbull, D., Fisher, J.C., (1949) J. Chem. Phys., 17, p. 71; Kim, D.H., Merget, F., Forst, M., Kurz, H., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 4512; Meinders, E.R., Borg, H.J., Lankhorst, M.R.H., Hellmig, J., Mijiritskii, A.V., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 9794; Redaelli, A., Pirovano, A., Benvenuti, A., Lacaita, L.A., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 1101; Peng, C.B., Cheng, L., Mansuripur, M., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 82, p. 4183},
correspondence_address1={Pan, J.; School of Information Engineering, China; email: 892459879@qq.com},
editor={Xu B.},
sponsors={Chongqing Geeks Education Technology Co., Ltd; Chongqing Global Union Academy of Science and Technology; Global Union Academy of Science and Technology; IEEE Beijing Section},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781467389778},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE Adv. Inf. Technol., Electron. Autom. Control Conf., IAEAC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lane20177656,
author={Lane, A.P. and Yang, X. and Maher, M.J. and Blachut, G. and Asano, Y. and Someya, Y. and Mallavarapu, A. and Sirard, S.M. and Ellison, C.J. and Willson, C.G.},
title={Directed Self-Assembly and Pattern Transfer of Five Nanometer Block Copolymer Lamellae},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2017},
volume={11},
number={8},
pages={7656-7665},
doi={10.1021/acsnano.7b02698},
note={cited By 92},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028465554&doi=10.1021%2facsnano.7b02698&partnerID=40&md5=7efa335a97aeb5d61f6c1b436a1cf4bf},
affiliation={McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX  78712, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX  78712, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX  78712, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States; Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47488 Kato Road, Fremont, CA  94538, United States; Lam Research Corporation, 4400 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={The directed self-assembly (DSA) and pattern transfer of poly(5-vinyl-1,3-benzodioxole-block-pentamethyldisilylstyrene) (PVBD-b-PDSS) is reported. Lamellae-forming PVBD-b-PDSS can form well resolved 5 nm (half-pitch) features in thin films with high etch selectivity. Reactive ion etching was used to selectively remove the PVBD block, and fingerprint patterns were subsequently transferred into an underlying chromium hard mask and carbon layer. DSA of the block copolymer (BCP) features resulted from orienting PVBD-b-PDSS on guidelines patterned by nanoimprint lithography. A density multiplication factor of 4× was achieved through a hybrid chemo-/grapho-epitaxy process. Cross-sectional scanning tunneling electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM/EELS) was used to analyze the BCP profile in the DSA samples. Wetting layers of parallel orientation were observed to form unless the bottom and top surface were neutralized with a surface treatment and top coat, respectively. © 2017 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  block copolymer;  directed self-assembly;  lithography;  nanoimprint lithography;  nanopatterning},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Carbon;  Energy dissipation;  Lithography;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Reactive ion etching;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Surface treatment;  Wetting, Bit-patterned media;  Cross-sectional scanning;  Directed self-assembly;  Energy-loss spectroscopy;  Fingerprint pattern;  Multiplication factor;  NanoPatterning;  Parallel orientation, Self assembly},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, EECS-1120823},
funding_details={Association of Science-Technology CentersAssociation of Science-Technology Centers},
funding_details={Aspen TechnologyAspen Technology},
funding_details={EEC-1160494},
funding_details={Ohio Board of RegentsOhio Board of Regents},
funding_details={Welch FoundationWelch Foundation, F-1830, F-1709},
funding_details={Lam Research CorporationLam Research Corporation},
funding_details={DGE-1110007},
funding_details={Nissan Motor CompanyNissan Motor Company},
funding_text 1={The authors thank Nissan Chemical Industries, Lam Research, the ASTC, Seagate Technology PLC, and the National Science Foundation (Grants EECS-1120823 and EEC-1160494) for financial support. M.J.M. thanks National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-1110007) for financial support. G.W. thanks the Rashid Engineering Regents Chair and the Welch Foundation (Grant No. F-1830) for partial financial support. C.J.E. thanks the Welch Foundation (Grant No. F-1709) for partial financial support. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the sponsors.},
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correspondence_address1={Willson, C.G.; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, United States; email: willson@che.utexas.edu},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19360851},
pubmed_id={28700207},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Pepper2017,
author={Pepper, R. and Beg, M. and Cortes, D.I. and Carey, R. and Wang, W. and Albert, M. and Chernyshenko, D. and Fangohr, H.},
title={Ground state skyrmion and helical states in confined FeGe nanostructures},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007898},
art_number={8007898},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034665428&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007898&partnerID=40&md5=871fc88409d41209552adac03124d373},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China},
abstract={Confined nanogeometries have proved interesting research arenas in magnetism in recent years, with bit-patterned media being one prospective method for increasing storage densities of future hard drives [1]. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Germanium compounds;  Ground state, Bit-patterned media;  Hard drives;  Helical state;  Storage densities, Iron compounds},
funding_details={72140061, EP/N032128/1},
funding_details={EP/G03690X/1},
funding_details={676541},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/L015382/1},
funding_text 1={Confined nanogeometries have proved interesting research arenas in magnetism in recent years, with bit-patterned media being one prospective method for increasing storage densities of future hard drives [1]. Magnetic skyrmion physics has also been widely investigated for similar reasons, with a number of research papers suggesting that skyrmion racetrack based storage is a feasible avenue for future research [2]. In this computational work we study a combination of these two paradigms by exploring the effect of nanostruc-ture size on the magnetic states observed in isolated confined nanogeome-tries of FeGe for polygonal shaped structures, following a previous work which focused on disk systems [3]. We present in this work a number of phase diagrams for the confined geometries obtained through micromag-netic simulations of triangular and square nanostructures of 10nm thickness and with side length of between 40 and 180nm and applied field varying between 0 and 800mT, with the field directed perpendicular to the plane of the nanostructure. The ground state phase diagram of both the square and triangular samples are calculated by relaxing the confined geometries from a range of initial states in micromagnetic simulations. We show that in a small region of d-B phase space in the square systems, we expect to see magnetic skyrmions, even when no field is applied, and see that as expected, the skyrmion radius shrinks at higher values of applied field strength, due to the magnetization aligning with the field over a larger region. Above 700 mT the skyrmion state is no longer the lowest energy state. We show the magnetic states obtained from relaxing the nanostructures from a uniform state, which corresponds experimentally to applying a very strong magnetic field to obtain saturation, and then reducing this field, and this allows us to predict some nanogeometries in which we would expect to see isolated skyrmions in experiments, given sufficient time for the system to relax (see figure). We show that in triangular geometries, we do not see skyrmions as the ground state, though we do see skyrmion states as higher energy states in this geometry. We present a study of how the energy densities of the nanogeometries change as the magnetic field strength is increased, and show that significant decreases in the Dzaloshiinski-Moriya energy density at sizes where Skyr-mions form are compensated for by a large increase in the exchange energy and small changes in the demagnetisation energy. In order to simulate the nanostructures and the boundaries of the polygons boundaries correctly, we use a three-dimensional finite element model, and solve the Landau-Lif-shitz-Gilbert equation numerically using an implicit solver method, using the finite element micromagnetic software Finmag, developed at the University of Southampton and based on the finite element solver FEniCs. [4, 5] We acknowledge financial support from EPSRC’s Centres for Doctoral Training in Next Generation Computational Modelling (EP/L015382/1) and Complex Systems Simulations (EP/G03690X/1), CONICYT Chilean scholarship programme Becas Chile (72140061), the EPSRC’s Programme grant on Skyrmionics (EP/N032128/1), and the Horizon 2020 European Research Infrastructure project OpenDreamKit (676541).},
references={Li, W.M., (2012) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324, p. 8; Fert, A., Cros, V., Sampaio, J., (2013) Nature Nanotechnology, 8 (3), pp. 152-156; Beg, M., (2015) Scientific Reports, 5, p. 17137; Alnaes, M.S., (2015) Archive of Numerical Software, 3; Logg, A., Wells, G.N., (2010) ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 37},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2017,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Two-dimensional signal processing schemes for high areal density bit-patterned media magnetic recording based on channel polarization},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007762},
art_number={8007762},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034663713&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007762&partnerID=40&md5=52fd4855ddb2349cc52acff6347c6f34},
affiliation={School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={To achieve areal density of a few terabits or more per square inch, many two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) systems have proposed for future promising magnetic recording schemes. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Channel polarizations;  High areal density;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR);  Two-dimensional signals, Signal processing},
references={Arikan, E., (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (7), pp. 3051-3073. , July; Sarkis, G., (2014) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 32 (5), pp. 946-957. , May; Wu, T., (2014) IEEE Tran. Magn, 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; School of Advanced Engineering, Japan},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Warisarn2017,
author={Warisarn, C. and Busyatras, W. and Myint, L.M. and Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A TMR mitigation method with 3-track data detection for multi-track multi-head BPMR system},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007761},
art_number={8007761},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034646313&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007761&partnerID=40&md5=0d485b89532fbf0d3b8f3e5c057ffe34},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, Bangkok, Thailand; Shinawatra University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand},
abstract={An off-track situation from misalignment between the center of read head and that of target track is also known as track mis-registration (TMR), which is one of major problems in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), especially at high areal density (AD) [1-4]. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data detection;  High areal density;  Mitigation methods;  Multi tracks;  Read heads;  Track misregistration},
references={He, L.N., Estimation of track mis-registration by using dual stripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , Jul; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A TMR mitigation method based on readback signal in bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron, E98-C (8), pp. 892-898. , Aug; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative TMR mitigation method based on readback signal for bit-patterned media recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (11), p. 3002104. , Nov; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., Utilization of multiple read heads for TMR prediction and correction in bit-patterned media recording (2016) AIP Advances, 7, pp. 0565011-0565015. , Dec},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Jeong2017,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative channel detection with LDPC product code for bit patterned media recording},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007596},
art_number={8007596},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034644108&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007596&partnerID=40&md5=ddff94cf455b20dac7229ffaab914b2d},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Because of the explosion in data growth, the requirement for storage system with high density has been increased. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Iterative channel;  Product code;  Storage systems, Digital storage},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording noise and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11), p. 3101204. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Jun},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nguyen2017,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Twin iterative detection for bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007595},
art_number={8007595},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034635003&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007595&partnerID=40&md5=ff261c07e1b0ab0f5a4a76a50c62d536},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has been developed into an aggressive technology for the next-generation of hard disc drives (HDDs), aiming to extend storage density as well as to integrate into an HDD [1]. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Hard disc drives;  Iterative detection;  Storage densities, Hard disk storage},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., On the computational complexity of 2D maximum-likelihood sequence detection (2006) Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, , Palo Alto, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. HPL-2006-69, Apr; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kong2017,
author={Kong, L. and Cai, K. and Chen, P. and Fan, B.},
title={A detector-aware LDPC code optimization for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels},
journal={2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2017.8007593},
art_number={8007593},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017 ; Conference Date: 24 April 2017 Through 28 April 2017;  Conference Code:129920},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034629325&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2017.8007593&partnerID=40&md5=2c295b487ebbec3e3f82fcb9579bbfe4},
affiliation={Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China; University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Aiming at further increasing the data-storage density beyond 1Tb/in2[1-3], bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), shingled writing (SW)/two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) have emerged as new promising technologies. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic storage, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data storage density;  LDPC codes;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic recording},
references={Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (7). , article sequence number, Jul; Kong, L.J., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J.P., Han, G.J., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXIT-chart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISI channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , Jun; Hareedy, A., Amiri, B., Galbraith, R., Dolecek, L., Non-binary LDPC codes for magnetic recording channels: Error floor analysis and optimized code design (2016) IEEE Trans. Commun, 64 (8), pp. 3194-3207. , Aug; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2D inter-symbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Jun; Guan, Y.L., Han, G.J., Kong, L.J., Chan, K.S., Cai, K., Zheng, J., Coding and signal processing for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC, pp. 194-199},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781538610862},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kaneko20171943,
author={Kaneko, H.},
title={Timing-drift channel model and marker-based error correction coding},
journal={IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings},
year={2017},
pages={1943-1947},
doi={10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006868},
art_number={8006868},
note={cited By 3; Conference of 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2017 ; Conference Date: 25 June 2017 Through 30 June 2017;  Conference Code:129916},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034087178&doi=10.1109%2fISIT.2017.8006868&partnerID=40&md5=414731bbbe1116487a112ac69759422a},
affiliation={School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan},
abstract={Several types of insertion/deletion/substitution error correction codings have been proposed for channels with imperfect synchronization. Most of the conventional coding schemes assume insertion/deletion errors of bit granularity, while in some applications, e.g. bit patterned media recording, insertion/deletion errors occur as a result of accumulation of small synchronization errors. This paper considers a timing-drift channel model in which a fraction of bit (i.e., 1/ν-bit) is inserted and deleted, and describes application of conventional marker-based IDS error correction coding to the channel. Also simulation results show bit error rates of the marker-based coding. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Coding errors;  Error correction;  Information theory;  Timing circuits, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Channel model;  Coding scheme;  Error correction coding;  Imperfect synchronization;  Synchronization error;  Timing drift, Errors},
references={Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals (1966) Soviet Physics-doklady, 10, pp. 707-710; Tenengolts, G., Nonbinary codes, correcting single deletion or insertion (1984) IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 30 (5), pp. 766-769. , Sept; Helberg, A.S.J., Ferreira, H.C., On multiple insertion/deletion correcting codes (2002) IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 48 (1), pp. 305-308. , Jan; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Communications, 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Wang, F., Aktas, D., Duman, T.M., On capacity and coding for segmented deletion channels (2011) Proc. 49th Annual Allerton Conf., pp. 1408-1413. , Sept; Inoue, M., Kaneko, H., Adaptive marker coding for insertion/deletion/substitution error correction (2014) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E97-A (2). , Feb; Kaneko, H., Symbol-level synchronization using probability lookup-table for IDS error correction (2014) Proc. 2014 Int. Symp. Information Theory and its Applications, pp. 544-548. , Oct; Goto, R., Kasai, K., Kaneko, H., Coding of insertion-deletion-substitution channels without markers Proc. 2016 Int. Symp. Information Theory, , to appear; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 51 (5), p. 0800342. , May; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Zhang, S., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , June; Zhang, S., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct; Han, G., Coding and detection for channels with written-in errors and inter-symbol interference (2014) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 50 (10), p. 3101106. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding in bpmr channels with written-in error correction and iti mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 50 (1), p. 3000211. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Kaneko, H.; School of Computing, Japan; email: hkaneko@ieee.org},
sponsors={Ericsson; Huawei; Qualcomm},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={21578095},
isbn={9781509040964},
coden={PISTF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int Symp Inf Theor Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pfau2017,
author={Pfau, B. and Günther, C.M. and Hauet, T. and Eisebitt, S. and Hellwig, O.},
title={Thermally induced magnetic switching in bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2017},
volume={122},
number={4},
doi={10.1063/1.4992808},
art_number={043907},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027245901&doi=10.1063%2f1.4992808&partnerID=40&md5=4a046ca9e404b776c9b5f5a7032fa799},
affiliation={Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Str. 2A, Berlin, 12489, Germany; TU Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany; San Jose Research Center, HGST A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA  95135, United States; Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54506, France; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Bautzner Landstr. 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany; Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany},
abstract={We have studied the thermal variation of the switching field of magnetic islands at room temperature. A model bit-pattern media composed of an assembly of islands with 80 nm width was fabricated by sputter deposition onto a pre-patterned substrate. Using direct magnetic-contrast imaging of the islands under applied field, we extract the switching probabilities of individual islands. Based on an analytical model for the thermally activated switching of the islands, we are able to determine the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy of each island and, consequentially, a distribution of anisotropies for the island ensemble investigated. In the distribution, we identify a separated group of islands with a particularly small anisotropy. We attribute this group to islands containing misaligned grains triggering the magnetic reversal. At room temperature and slow field sweep rates, the observed thermal broadening of the switching-field distribution is small compared to the intrinsic broadening. However, we illustrate that thermal fluctuations play a crucial role at high sweep rates by extrapolating our results to technological relevant regimes. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Magnetism;  Switching, Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic switching;  Patterned substrates;  Switching field distribution;  Switching probability;  Thermal broadening;  Thermal fluctuations;  Thermally activated, Magnetic anisotropy},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beajour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., Bit Patterned Magnetic Recording: Theory, Media Fabrication, and Recording Performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90; Eibagi, N., Kan, J.J., Spada, F.E., Fullerton, E.E., Role of Dipolar Interactions on the Thermal Stability of High-Density Bit-Patterned Media (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3; Pfau, B., Guehrs, C.M.G.E., Hauet, T., Hennen, T., Eisebitt, S., Hellwig, O., Influence of stray fields on the switching-field distribution for bit-patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic Distrib. of Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Films Probed by Patterned Nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., Origin of magnetic switching field distribution in bit patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99; Chen, Y., Ding, J., Deng, J., Huang, T., Leong, S.H., Shi, J., Zong, B., Liu, B., Switching Probability Distrib. of Bit Islands in Bit Patterned Media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1990; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., Calculation of individual bit island switching field distribution in perpendicular magnetic bit patterned media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Büttner, F., Moutafis, C., Bisig, A., Wohlhüter, P., Günther, C.M., Mohanty, J., Geilhufe, J., Kläui, M., Magnetic states in low-pinning high-anisotropy material nanostructures suitable for dynamic imaging (2013) Phys. Rev. B, 87; Eisebitt, S., Lüning, J., Schlotter, W.F., Lörgen, M., Hellwig, O., Eberhardt, W., Stöhr, J., Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography (2004) Nature, 432, p. 885; Pfau, B., Eisebitt, S., X-ray holography (2016) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers, pp. 1093-1133. , edited by E. Jaeschke, S. Khan, J. Schneider, and J. Hastings (Springer International Publishing); Sharrock, M.P., Time dependence of switching fields in magnetic recording media (invited) (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, pp. 6413-6418; Bean, C.P., Livingston, J.D., Superparamegnetism (1959) J. Appl. Phys., 30, p. S120; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Albrecht, M., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Magnetization reversal processes of single nanomagnets and their energy barrier (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 3771; Engelen, J.B.C., Delalande, M., Le Fèbre, A.J., Bolhuis, T., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Thermally induced switching field distribution of a single CoPt dot in a large array (2010) Nanotechnol., 21; Skomski, R., Zhou, J., Kirby, R.D., Sellmyer, D.J., Micromagnetic energy barriers (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99; Kurkilärvi, J., Intrinsic Fluctuations in a Superconducting Ring Closed with a Josephson Junction (1972) Phys. Rev. B, 6, p. 832; Garg, A., Escape-field distribution for escape from a metastable potential well subject to a steadily increasing bias field (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, p. 15592; Gunther, L., Barbara, B., Quantum tunneling across a domain-wall junction (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, p. 3926; Wernsdorfer, W., Orozco, E., Hasselbach, K., Experimental evidence of the Néel-Brown model of magnetization reversal (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 1791; Wang, H.-T., Chui, S.T., Oriade, A., Shi, J., Temperature dependence of the fluctuation of the switching field in small magnetic structures (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69; Engel, B.N., England, C.D., Van Leeuwen, R.A., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., Interface magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial superlattices (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 1910; Tudosa, I., Lubarda, M.V., Chan, K.T., Escobar, M.A., Lomakin, V., Fullerton, E.E., Qualitative insight and quantitative analysis of the effect of temperature on the coercivity of a magnetic system (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100; Breth, L., Suess, D., Vogler, C., Bergmair, B., Fuger, M., Heer, R., Brueck, H., Thermal switching field distribution of a single domain particle for field-dependent attempt frequency (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112; Hovorka, O., Pressesky, J., Ju, G., Berger, A., Chantrell, R.W., Rate-dependence of the switching field distribution in nanoscale granular magnetic materials (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101},
correspondence_address1={Pfau, B.; Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Str. 2A, Germany; email: bastian.pfau@mbi-berlin.de},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Suzuki20177,
author={Suzuki, Y. and Kaneko, H.},
title={Correlated insertion/deletion error correction coding for bit-patterned media},
journal={2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan, ICCE-TW 2017},
year={2017},
pages={7-8},
doi={10.1109/ICCE-China.2017.7990968},
art_number={7990968},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 4th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan, ICCE-TW 2017 ; Conference Date: 12 June 2017 Through 14 June 2017;  Conference Code:129627},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028504736&doi=10.1109%2fICCE-China.2017.7990968&partnerID=40&md5=35203c9ac6bd50a46b947c1503ca9a94},
affiliation={Graduate School of Information Sci and Eng, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan; School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan},
abstract={This paper presents channel model and error correction coding for correlated insertion/deletion errors in high-density magnetic recording media. Simulation results show that the bit error rate can be lowered by the presented coding. © 2017 IEEE.},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Coding errors;  Error correction;  Errors, Bit-patterned media;  Channel model;  Error correction coding;  High-density magnetic recording, Bit error rate},
references={Zhang, S., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365; Davey, M.C., Mackay, D.J., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Communications, 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297},
sponsors={Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs; Department of Information and Tourism, Taipei City Government; et al.; IEEE Signal Processing Society Taipei Chapter; Ministry of Education; Ministry of Science and Technology},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509040179},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Conf. Consumer Electron. - Taiwan, ICCE-TW},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Talapatra2017,
author={Talapatra, A. and Mohanty, J.},
title={Anisotropy Induced Switching Field Distribution in High-Density Patterned Media},
journal={SPIN},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={2},
doi={10.1142/S2010324717500059},
art_number={1750005},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026514842&doi=10.1142%2fS2010324717500059&partnerID=40&md5=37c58202762d6fc8f822f4ee4ab5c612},
affiliation={Nanomagnetism and Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, 502285, India},
abstract={We present here micromagnetic study of variation of switching field distribution (SFD) in a high-density patterned media as a function of magnetic anisotropy of the system. We consider the manifold effect of magnetic anisotropy in terms of its magnitude, tilt in anisotropy axis and random arrangements of magnetic islands with random anisotropy values. Our calculation shows that reduction in anisotropy causes linear decrease in coercivity because the anisotropy energy tries to align the spins along a preferred crystallographic direction. Tilt in anisotropy axis results in decrease in squareness of the hysteresis loop and hence facilitates switching. Finally, the experimental challenges like lithographic distribution of magnetic islands, their orientation, creation of defects, etc. demanded the distribution of anisotropy to be random along with random repetitions. We have explained that the range of anisotropy values and the number of bits with different anisotropy play a key role over SFD, whereas the position of the bits and their repetitions do not show a considerable contribution. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  magnetic anisotropy;  micromagnetic simulation;  Switching field distribution},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys.D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Talapatra, A., Mohanty, J., (2016) AIP Conf. Proc., 1731, p. 130027. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4948133; Hellwig, O., Marinero, E.E., Kercher, D., Hennen, T., MacCallum, A., Dobisz, E., Wu, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 116, pp. 123913-123921; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnol., 22, p. 38501; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., (2012) Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Yang, X., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, K., (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1844; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., Antohe, V.A., Lacour, D., Hehn, M., Montaigne, F., Araujo, F.A., (2014) Phys. Rev. B., 89, p. 174421; Albrecht, T.A., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Kaganovskiy, L., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033924; Chunsheng, E., Rantschler, J.O., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 113910; Ying, W., Rui, W., Hai-Long, X., Jian-Min, B., Fu-Lin, W., (2013) Chin. Phys. B., 22, p. 068506; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062502; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Hennen, T., Eisebitt, S., Hellwig, O., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105, p. 132407; Eibagi, N., Kan, J.J., Spada, F.E., Fullerton, E.E., (2012) IEEE Mag. Lett., 3, p. 4500204; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Talapatra, A., Mohanty, J., (2016) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 418, p. 224; Ju, X., (2012), Thesis on \Micromagnetic Simulation of Field-Coupled Devices from Co/Pt Nanomagnets; Barman, A., Barman, S., (2009) Phys. Rev. B., 79, p. 144415; Guslienko, K.Y., Novosad, V., Otani, Y., Shima, H., Fukamichi, K., (2001) Phys. Rev. B., 65, p. 024414; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B., 78, p. 024414; Donahue, M., Porter, D.G., OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, , http://math.nist.gov/oommf, Intergency Report NISTIR 6376, Nat. Inst. of Standard and Tech. Gaithersburg, MD; Talapatra, A., Mohanty, J., (2016) Appl. Phys. A., 122, p. 807; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Donahue, M.J., (2009) J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 114, p. 57; Schre, T., Fidler, J., Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6169; Jin, Y.M., Wang, Y.U., Kazaryan, A., Wang, Y., Laughlin, D.E., Khachaturyan, A.G., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 6172; Kaganovskiy, L., Lau, J.W., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 114, p. 123909; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schre, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913; Chung, S., Mohseni, S.M., Fallahi, V., Nguyen, T.N.A., Benatmane, N., Dumas, R.K., Akerman, J., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, p. 125004; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506; Engel, B.N., England, C.D., Leeuwen, R.A.V., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 1910; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505; Smith, D., Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Zhang, S., Donner, W., Lee, T.R., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 023920; Fang, W., Xiao-Hong, X., (2014) Chin. Phys. B., 23, p. 036802; Saravanan, P., Hsu, J.-H., Tsai, C.L., Tsai, C.Y., Lin, Y.H., Kuo, C.Y., Wu, J.-C., Lee, C.M., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 243905; Umadevi, K., Bysakh, S., Chelvane, J.A., Kamat, S.V., Jayalakshmi, K., (2016) J. Alloys and Comp., 663, p. 430; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A., 240, p. 599; Hubert, A., Schäfer, R., (2009) Magnetic Domains, , Springer Berlin;},
publisher={World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd},
issn={20103247},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={SPIN},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wodarz201752,
author={Wodarz, S. and Hasegawa, T. and Ishio, S. and Homma, T.},
title={Structural control of ultra-fine CoPt nanodot arrays via electrodeposition process},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2017},
volume={430},
pages={52-58},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.01.061},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010304274&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2017.01.061&partnerID=40&md5=e6cfbd9ced9f1939e40bf9b0fd5e1736},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Department of Materials Science, Akita University, Akita City, 010-8502, Japan},
abstract={CoPt nanodot arrays were fabricated by combining electrodeposition and electron beam lithography (EBL) for the use of bit-patterned media (BPM). To achieve precise control of deposition uniformity and coercivity of the CoPt nanodot arrays, their crystal structure and magnetic properties were controlled by controlling the diffusion state of metal ions from the initial deposition stage with the application of bath agitation. Following bath agitation, the composition gradient of the CoPt alloy with thickness was mitigated to have a near-ideal alloy composition of Co:Pt =80:20, which induces epitaxial-like growth from Ru substrate, thus resulting in the improvement of the crystal orientation of the hcp (002) structure from its initial deposition stages. Furthermore, the cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of the nanodots deposited with bath agitation showed CoPt growth along its c-axis oriented in the perpendicular direction, having uniform lattice fringes on the hcp (002) plane from the Ru underlayer interface, which is a significant factor to induce perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic characterization of the CoPt nanodot arrays showed increase in the perpendicular coercivity and squareness of the hysteresis loops from 2.0 kOe and 0.64 (without agitation) to 4.0 kOe and 0.87 with bath agitation. Based on the detailed characterization of nanodot arrays, the precise crystal structure control of the nanodot arrays with ultra-high recording density by electrochemical process was successfully demonstrated. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  CoPt alloy;  Electrodeposition;  Nanodot array;  Structural control},
keywords={Cobalt;  Coercive force;  Crystal orientation;  Deposition;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Metal ions;  Metals;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum alloys;  Ruthenium alloys;  Structural dynamics;  Transmission electron microscopy, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  CoPt alloys;  Electrodeposition process;  Magnetic characterization;  Nano-dot arrays;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Structural control, Crystal structure},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 15H05518},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008), In: Proceedings of the IEEE 96 1810,; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816; Terris, B.D., Thomas, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Lodder, J.C., Methods for preparing patterned media for high-density recording (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradot ∕ in. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bitpatterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Patterned magnetic media made by self-assembled block-copolymer lithography (2008) MRS Bull., 33, p. 838; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.W., Bit Patterned Media at 1 Tdot/in and Beyond, IEEE Trans (2013) Magn, 49, p. 773; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Wang, J.P., FePt Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Assembly for Future Magnetic Media (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE 96 1847; Yasui, N., Imada, A., Den, T., Electrodeposition of (001) oriented CoPt L10 columns into anodic alumina films (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 3347; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jin, S., CoPt patterned media in anodized aluminum oxide templates (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08G902; Sohn, J.S., Lee, D., Cho, E., Kim, H.S., Lee, B.K., Lee, M.B., Suh, S.J., The fabrication of Co–Pt electro-deposited bit patterned media with nanoimprint lithography (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 025302; Pattanaik, G., Kirkwood, D.M., Xu, X., Zangari, G., Electrodeposition of hard magnetic films and microstructures (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52, p. 2755; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of magnetic nanodot array using electrochemical deposition processes (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 8081; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Sirtori, V., Cavallotti, P.L., Rognoni, R., Xu, X., Zangari, G., Fratesi, G., Trioni, M.I., Bernasconi, M., Unusually large magnetic anisotropy in electrochemically deposited Co-Rich CoPt films (2011) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, p. 1800; Kubo, T., Kuboki, Y., Ohsawa, M., Tanuma, R., Saito, A., Oikawa, T., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Crystallographic analysis of Co Pt Cr - Si O 2 perpendicular recording media with high anisotropy using synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 10R510; Homma, T., Wodarz, S., Nishiie, D., Otani, T., Ge, S., Zangari, G., Fabrication of FePt and CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays by electrodeposition process (2015) Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 64, p. 1; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for Bit- patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1844; Pattanaik, G., Weston, J., Zangari, G., Magnetic properties of Co-rich Co – Pt thin films electrodeposited on a Ru underlayer (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08E901; Xu, X., Ghidini, M., Zangari, G., The influence of hypophosphite additions on the electrodeposition of Co-Rich Co-Pt alloys, and on their structural and magnetic properties (2012) J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, p. D240; Piramanyagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Yua, H., Laughlin, D.E., Effects of substrate bias on magnetocrystalline anisotropy Ku of CoPt thin films with increasing Pt content (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 07A712; Wodarz, S., Abe, J., Homma, T., Analysis and control of the initial electrodeposition stages of Co-Pt nanodot arrays (2016) Electrochim Acta, 197, p. 330; Buschow, K.H.J., van Engen, P.G., Jongebreur, R., Magneto-optical properties of metallic ferromagnetic materials (1983) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 38, p. 1; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitamoto, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., Switching filed and thermal stability of CoPt/Ru dot arrays with various thickness (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2160},
correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, Shinjuku, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2017,
author={Wang, Y. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.},
title={Inter-track interference mitigation with two-dimensional variable equalizer for bit patterned media recording},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4978701},
art_number={056521},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015419802&doi=10.1063%2f1.4978701&partnerID=40&md5=886d7eaea9bc1267129367543a5ef6f1},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={The increased track density in bit patterned media recording (BPMR) causes increased inter-track interference (ITI), which degrades the bit error rate (BER) performance. In order to mitigate the effect of the ITI, signals from multiple tracks can be equalized by a 2D equalizer with 1D target. Usually, the 2D fixed equalizer coefficients are obtained by using a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) for training. In this study, a 2D variable equalizer is proposed, where various sets of 2D equalizer coefficients are predetermined and stored for different ITI patterns besides the usual PRBS training. For data detection, as the ITI patterns are unknown in the first global iteration, the main and adjacent tracks are equalized with the conventional 2D fixed equalizer, detected with Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) detector and decoded with low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder. Then using the estimated bit information from main and adjacent tracks, the ITI pattern for each island of the main track can be estimated and the corresponding 2D variable equalizers are used to better equalize the bits on the main track. This process is executed iteratively by feeding back the main track information. Simulation results indicate that for both single-track and two-track detection, the proposed 2D variable equalizer can achieve better BER and frame error rate (FER) compared to that with the 2D fixed equalizer. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Decoding;  Interference suppression;  Iterative decoding;  Satellite communication systems, Bahl-cocke-jelinek-raviv;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Equalizer coefficients;  Inter-track interferences;  Low density parity check decoders (LDPC);  Pseudo random bit sequences, Equalizers},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P., Wolf, J., Bertram, H., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254. , (ICC), Glasgow, Scottland (IEEE, New York,); Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, pp. 1910-1914. , Florida, USA (IEEE, New York,); Yao, J., Teh, K.C., Li, K.H., Joint iterative detection/decoding scheme for discrete two-dimensional interference channels (2012) IEEE Trans. Comm., 60 (12), pp. 3548-3555; Kong, L., He, L., Chen, P., Protograph-based quasi-cyclic LDPC coding for ultrahigh density magnetic recording channels (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), p. 3101604; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7), p. 3001507; Chan, A.M., Wornell, G.W., A class of block-iterative equalizers for intersymbol interference channels: Fixed channel results (2001) IEEE Trans. Commun., 49 (11), pp. 1966-1976; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Iterative decision feedback equalizer detector for holographic data storage systems (2006) Proc. SPIE, 6282, p. 62820T; Souto, N., Dinis, R., Correia, A., Reis, C., Interference aware iterative block decision feedback equalizer for single carrier transmission (2015) IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64 (7), pp. 3316-3321; Nelson, J.K., Singer, A.C., Madhow, U., Multi-directional decision feedback for 2D equalization (2004) Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoust. Speech and Signal Proc., 4, pp. 921-924; Chan, K.S., Radhakrishnan, R., Eason, K., Elidrissi, R.M., Miles, J.J., Vasic, B., Krishnan, A.R., Channel models and detectors for two dimensional magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 804-811; Khatami, S.M., Vasic, B., Generalized belief propagation detector for TDMR microcell model (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3699-3702; Radhakrishnan, R., Varnica, N., Öberg, M., Estimation of areal density gains of TDMR system with 2D detector (2014) Proc. ISITA, pp. 674-678. , Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Han, G., Guan, Y., Gong, L., Shuffled multi-track detection for shingled magnetic recording channels with an array of read heads (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), p. 3001304; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), p. 3300907; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12), p. 3002611; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda2017,
author={Honda, N. and Hinata, S. and Saito, S.},
title={Layer stacked Co/Pt films with high perpendicular anisotropy sputter deposited at room temperature},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4978636},
art_number={056518},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015210909&doi=10.1063%2f1.4978636&partnerID=40&md5=817557a271a43cfc6e3d78ec971e48d2},
affiliation={Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan},
abstract={The deposition of a Co/Pt layer-stacked film that has a high perpendicular anisotropy and saturation magnetization was investigated using co-sputtering of Co and Pt at room temperature. A film with a high perpendicular anisotropy of 1 × 107 erg/cm3 and a saturation magnetization of 600 emu/cm3 was obtained when 0.62 nm of Co and 0.45 nm of Pt layers were stacked at a high Ar deposition pressure of 4.8 Pa. Although the cause of the high anisotropy is not clear, the high perpendicular anisotropy and saturation magnetization that were obtained fulfill the magnetic property requirement of bit-patterned media for high-density recording. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Cobalt;  Deposition;  Magnetization;  Platinum, Bit-patterned media;  Cosputtering;  Deposition pressures;  High anisotropy;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  High-density recording;  Property requirements;  Stacked film, Saturation magnetization},
references={Iwata, S., Yamashita, S., Tsunashima, S., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 3670; Sato, H., Shimatsu, T., Okazaki, Y., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 07E114; Sun, A., Yuan, F., Hsu, J., Lee, H., (2009) Scripta Mater., 61, p. 713; Suzuki, D., Ohtake, M., Kirino, F., Futamoto, M., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 3195; Honda, N., Tsuchiya, T., Saito, S., Uchida, H., Yamakawa, K., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3203104; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7525; Emori, S., Beach, G.S.D., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 033919},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2017,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={LDPC product coding scheme with extrinsic information for bit patterned media recoding},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4978219},
art_number={056513},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014557094&doi=10.1063%2f1.4978219&partnerID=40&md5=8f64b600aeabfb632080e6034b75185f},
affiliation={Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Since the density limit of the current perpendicular magnetic storage system will soon be reached, bit patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising candidate for the next generation storage system to achieve an areal density beyond 1 Tb/in2. Each recording bit is stored in a fabricated magnetic island and the space between the magnetic islands is nonmagnetic in BPMR. To approach recording densities of 1 Tb/in2, the spacing of the magnetic islands must be less than 25 nm. Consequently, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI) occur. ITI and ISI degrade the performance of BPMR. In this paper, we propose a low-density parity check (LDPC) product coding scheme that exploits extrinsic information for BPMR. This scheme shows an improved bit error rate performance compared to that in which one LDPC code is used. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Forward error correction;  Inventory control;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Satellite communication systems, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Extrinsic information;  Inter-track interferences;  Low density parity check;  Magnetic storage systems;  Recording density, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2016R1A2B4011270).},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Lu, P.L., Charap, S.H., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4230; Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23; Kim, J., Lee, J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 594; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2274; Kim, B., Lee, J., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3501404; Lee, J., Lee, J., Park, T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 51, p. 1197; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 4327; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tipcharoen2017,
author={Tipcharoen, W. and Warisarn, C. and Tongsomporn, D. and Karns, D. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Investigation of writing error in staggered heated-dot magnetic recording systems},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4977762},
art_number={056511},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014502682&doi=10.1063%2f1.4977762&partnerID=40&md5=a1df2056e5650af428beedd686b5b9ec},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Seagate Technology (Thailand), Teparuk, Mueang, Samutprakarn, 10270, Thailand; Seagate Technology US NRM Facility, Bloomington, MN  55435, United States; Data Storage Technology Research Center, NPRU, Nakhon, Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={To achieve an ultra-high storage capacity, heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR) has been proposed, which heats a bit-patterned medium before recording data. Generally, an error during the HDMR writing process comes from several sources; however, we only investigate the effects of staggered island arrangement, island size fluctuation caused by imperfect fabrication, and main pole position fluctuation. Simulation results demonstrate that a writing error can be minimized by using a staggered array (hexagonal lattice) instead of a square array. Under the effect of main pole position fluctuation, the writing error is higher than the system without main pole position fluctuation. Finally, we found that the error percentage can drop below 10% when the island size is 8.5 nm and the standard deviation of the island size is 1 nm in the absence of main pole jitter. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage, Bit-patterned medium;  Error percentage;  Hexagonal lattice;  Magnetic recording systems;  Position fluctuations;  Staggered arrays;  Standard deviation;  Storage capacity, Errors},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, PHD59I0045},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported partly by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) under grant number PHD59I0045, College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, and partly by the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand.},
references={Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, p. 102406; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 119, p. 223903; Iwasaki, S., (2009) Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci., 85, pp. 37-54; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Pan, L., Bogy, D.B., (2009) Nat. Photon., 3, pp. 189-190; Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X., Gage, E.C., (2009) Nat. Photon., 3, pp. 220-224; Liu, Z., Jiao, Y., Victora, R.H., (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, p. 232402; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 125-131; Zhu, J.-G., Wang, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 751-757; Rivkin, K., Benakli, M., Tabat, N., Yin, H., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 214312; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Furuta, M., Kitakami, O., Shimatsu, T., (2015) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 48, p. 353001; Tanaka, T., Kashiwagi, S., Kanai, Y., Matsuyama, K., (2016) J. Magn. Magn. Matter., 416, pp. 188-193; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Pat. Nanotech., 1, pp. 29-40; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, p. 503001; Li, Z., Zhang, W., Krishnan, K.M., (2015) AIP Adv., 5, p. 087165; Yang, E., Liu, Z., Arora, H., Wu, T.-W., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Spoddig, D., Bedau, D., Terris, B., (2016) Nano Lett., 16, pp. 4726-4730; Abdelgawad, A.M., Oberdick, S.D., Majetich, S.A., (2016) AIP Adv., 6, p. 056114; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 693-698; Thiele, J.U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6595; Tipcharoen, W., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, p. 504628; Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Wang, Z., Xu, X., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 073910; Tipcharoen, W., Warisarn, C., Kaewrawang, A., Kovintavewat, P., (2016) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 55, p. 07MB01; Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 309-313; Akagi, F., Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 09H501; Xu, B.X., Liu, Z.J., Ji, R., Toh, Y.T., Hu, J.F., Li, J.M., Zhang, J., Chia, C.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B701; Tipcharoen, W., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., (2016) IEEE Magn. Lett., 7, p. 4505404; Yamashita, M., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Miura, K., Greaves, S., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B727; Yamashita, M., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Miura, K., Greaves, S.J., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 4586-4589; Asbahi, M., Lim, K.T.P., Wang, F., Lin, M.Y., Chan, K.S., Wu, B., Ng, V., Yang, J.K.W., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3200405; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 17A904; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3214-3216},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint2017,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Warisarn, C.},
title={Reduced complexity of multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detectors for bit-patterned media recording channel},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4973290},
art_number={056502},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008165476&doi=10.1063%2f1.4973290&partnerID=40&md5=003ce3111d1aca96b3f91307ca318e16},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Two-dimensional (2-D) interference is one of the prominent challenges in ultra-high density recording system such as bit patterned media recording (BPMR). The multi-track joint 2-D detection technique with the help of the array-head reading can tackle this problem effectively by jointly processing the multiple readback signals from the adjacent tracks. Moreover, it can robustly alleviate the impairments due to track mis-registration (TMR) and media noise. However, the computational complexity of such detectors is normally too high and hard to implement in a reality, even for a few multiple tracks. Therefore, in this paper, we mainly focus on reducing the complexity of multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detector without paying a large penalty in terms of the performance. We propose a simplified multi-track joint 2-D Viterbi detector with a manageable complexity level for the BPMR’s multi-track multi-head (MTMH) system. In the proposed method, the complexity of detector’s trellis is reduced with the help of the joint-track equalization method which employs 1-D equalizers and 2-D generalized partial response (GPR) target. Moreover, we also examine the performance of a full-fledged multi-track joint 2-D detector and the conventional 2-D detection. The results show that the simplified detector can perform close to the full-fledge detector, especially when the system faces high media noise, with the significant low complexity. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Complexity levels;  Generalized partial-response targets;  nocv2;  Reduced complexity;  Track misregistration;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Viterbi detectors, Equalizers},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, and King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, Thailand.},
references={Burkhardt, H., (1989) Proc. IEEE Comp. Euro'89 Conf. VLSI Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks; Chang, W., Cruz, J., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3899; Moinian, A., Fagoonee, L., Coene, W.M.J., Honary, B., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 580; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45; Kim, J., Lee, J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 594; Soljanin, E., Georghiades, C., (1998) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 44, p. 2988; Zheng, N., Venkataranman, K.S., Kavcic, A., Zhang, T., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3100906; Fan, B., Thapar, H., Seigel, P., (2015) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun., p. 425. , (ICC), London, UK; Fan, B., Thapar, H., Siegel, P., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 3001404; Hekstra, A., Coene, W., Immink, A., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3333; Myint, L.M.M., Tubkaew, T., (2016) Proc. ITC-CSCC, Japan, p. 49; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3789},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Busyatras2017,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C. and Okamoto, Y. and Nakamura, Y. and Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Utilization of multiple read heads for TMR prediction and correction in bit-patterned media recording},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2017},
volume={7},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.4972801},
art_number={056501},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007020266&doi=10.1063%2f1.4972801&partnerID=40&md5=1513ebbcbf77ad0beeec5c011746385d},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790, Japan; School of Information Technology, SIU, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, NPRU, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={This paper proposes a utilization of multiple read heads to predict and correct a track mis-registration (TMR) in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) based on the readback signals. We propose to use the signal energy ratio between the upper and lower tracks from multiple read heads to estimate the TMR level. Then, a pair of two-dimensional (2D) target and its corresponding 2D equalizer associated with the estimated TMR will be chosen to correct the TMR in the data detection process. Numerical results show that the proposed system can achieve a very high accuracy of TMR prediction, thus performing better than the conventional system, especially when TMR is severe. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Conventional systems;  Data detection;  High-accuracy;  Numerical results;  Track misregistration;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Forecasting},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, and the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand.},
references={He, L.N., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 2348; Chang, Y., Park, D., Park, N., Park, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1441; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron., E98-C, p. 892; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., (2015) IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. (ICC), p. 425; Fan, B., Thapar, H.K., Siegel, P.H., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50; Nabavi, S., (2008), Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Moon, J., Zeng, W., (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, p. 1083; Ng, Y., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 1976; HGST a Western Digital company, HGST. Inc., 1 (2014); Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3639},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2017,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Scheme for Utilizing the Soft Feedback Information in Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={3},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2626386},
art_number={7738542},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013663186&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2626386&partnerID=40&md5=a78638ee02fa7cab47d7c0c8fe0ed43e},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={This paper presents a scheme that utilizes soft feedback information obtained from a decoder to eliminate detrimental interference in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. BPMR is a promising technology that can increase the storage area density of magnetic storage systems, but one of the main challenges is to overcome 2-D spatial interference. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with that of a conventional iterative detection scheme, and the results indicate that the proposed model is better by approximately 1 dB at 20% track misregistration. In particular, the performance of the system is quite superior, allowing the design of systems with higher area densities. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  extrinsic information;  intertrack interference (ITI);  soft output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Iterative methods;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Extrinsic information;  Feed back information;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic storage systems;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Track misregistration, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl, Phys., 49 (8), pp. 08KB041-08KB045. , Aug; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional SOVA and LDPC codes for holographic data storage system (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (5), pp. 2260-2263. , May; Okumura, T., Two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood with constant-weight constraint for holographic data storage (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (7 S1), pp. 5971-5973. , Jul; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Jeong, J.J., Kim, S.W., Two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood at rear for bit-patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2744-2747. , Jun; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative decoding between twodimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm and error correcting modulation code for holographic data storage (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50 (9 S1), pp. 09MB021-09MB023. , Sep; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2017,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={9/12 2-D Modulation Code for Bit-Patterned Media Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={3},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2626381},
art_number={7738513},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013654943&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2626381&partnerID=40&md5=f65afe658cd5f559fd00f47d820bfb0a},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06987, South Korea},
abstract={This paper presents a 9/12 2-D modulation code to overcome 2-D interference effects in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. Next-generation storage systems that are challenged by the superparamagnetic effect require new technologies to be developed, and for magnetic recording, BPMR technology is regarded to be one of the most promising candidates to extend area density beyond 1 Tb/in2. BPMR systems not only help to reduce transition noise and non-linear bit shift, but they also simplify the tracking operation. Nevertheless, some challenges arise for BPMR systems from a signal processing point of view. One of the primary challenges in the systems is the 2-D interference due to the effects of both the along- and across-track intersymbol interference. Moreover, the effect of media noise and the physical limits of the electromechanical components also negatively impact the system performance. The proposed modulation code converts 9 b sequences of user data into 2-D output codewords in 6-by-2 arrays to avoid fatal interference as much as possible, and a reasonable Hamming distance is also ensured for the codeword set. The proposed code achieves gains of about 2 and 1 dB over a system without encoding and a system with 6/8 modulation coding at the same code rate, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the 9/12 2-D modulation codes according to the different array sizes is also investigated. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  intersymbol interference (ISI);  intertrack interference (ITI);  modulation coding},
keywords={Digital storage;  Electromechanical devices;  Hamming distance;  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic storage;  Modulation;  Signal processing, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Electromechanical components;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation coding;  Superparamagnetic effect;  Tracking operations, Codes (symbols)},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Park, K.-S., Park, Y.-P., Park, N.-C., Prospect of recording technologies for higher storage performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 539-545. , Mar; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Yang, X., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , Dec; Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (5), pp. 0525111-0525113. , Feb; Costner, E.A., Lin, M.W., Jen, W.-L., Willson, C.G., Nanoimprint lithography materials development for semiconductor device fabrication (2009) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 39 (1), pp. 155-180; Litvinov, D., Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of nanoscale bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 7 (4), pp. 463-476. , Jul; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Extending the routes of the soft information in turbo equalization for bit-patterned media recording (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (9), pp. 1-6. , Sep; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12), pp. 1-11. , Dec; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Jointtrack equalization and detection for bit-patterned media recording (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Kaynak, M.N., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Burst error identification for turbo-and LDPC-coded magnetic recording systems (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 3087-3089. , Jul; Kim, B., Lee, J., 2-D non-isolated pixel 6/8 modulation code (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (7), pp. 1-4. , Jul; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), pp. 1-4. , Nov; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Elimination of two-dimensional intersymbol interference through the use of a 9/12 two-dimensional modulation code (2016) IET Commun., 10 (14), pp. 1730-1735. , Sep; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Jeong2017,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative LDPC-LDPC Product Code for Bit Patterned Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={3},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2618008},
art_number={7592444},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013636513&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2618008&partnerID=40&md5=14e8403a7d1bccee9c5c71e541b80985},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit patterned media aims at high density recording of more than 10 Tb per square inch, but a burst error mostly occurred by media defects, and data write failure can be a serious problem. However, if the burst errors are compensated by erasure decoding, the performance of low-density parity check (LDPC) code, which is a strong candidate for the error correcting code for storage systems, can be improved. In this paper, we propose an iterative LDPC-LDPC product code and show that it performs better than a simple LDPC-LDPC product code when there are only random errors and both random and burst errors. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  burst error;  low-density parity check (LDPC) code;  product code},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Digital storage;  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Information theory;  Inventory control;  Satellite communication systems, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Burst errors;  Erasure decoding;  Error correcting code;  High-density recording;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Product code, Random errors},
funding_details={Ministry of Science, ICT and Future PlanningMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP, NRF-2016R1A2B4011270},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) under Grant NRF-2016R1A2B4011270.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Lu, P.-L., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at Gbit/in2 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with noise filter for patterned media storage (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7), p. 07B742; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Burst detection by parity check matrix of LDPC code for perpendicular magnetic recording using bit-patterned medium (2008) Proc. ISITA, pp. 1-6. , Auckland, New Zealand, Dec; Lee, J., Lee, J., Park, T., Error control scheme for high-speed DVD systems (2005) IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., 51 (4), pp. 1197-1203. , Nov; Han, Y., Ryan, W.E., Wesel, R.D., Dual-mode decoding of product codes with application to tape storage (2005) Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf., p. 6. , St. Louis, MO, USA, Dec; Vo, T.V., Mita, S., A novel error-correcting system based on product codes for future magnetic recording channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3320-3323. , Oct; Park, D., Lee, J., Performance evaluation of LDPC-LDPC product code for next magnetic recording channel (2012) J. IEIE, 49 (11), pp. 3-8; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; Mackay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1996) Electron. Lett., 32 (18), pp. 1645-1646. , Aug; Elias, P., Error-free coding (1954) Trans. IRE Prof. Group Inf. Theory, 4 (4), pp. 29-37. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.Mc.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Xie, N., Zhang, T., Haratsch, E.F., Improving burst error tolerance of LDPC-centric coding systems in read channel (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 933-941. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ball2017,
author={Ball, D.K. and Günther, S. and Fritzsche, M. and Lenz, K. and Varvaro, G. and Laureti, S. and Makarov, D. and Mücklich, A. and Facsko, S. and Albrecht, M. and Fassbender, J.},
title={Out-of-plane magnetized cone-shaped magnetic nanoshells},
journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
year={2017},
volume={50},
number={11},
doi={10.1088/1361-6463/aa5c26},
art_number={115004},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014404060&doi=10.1088%2f1361-6463%2faa5c26&partnerID=40&md5=2b6f5d26d41f416039d0bdd62020669e},
affiliation={Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany; NM2-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, 00015, Italy; Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1 Nord, Augsburg, D-86159, Germany; Institute for Physics of Solids, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 16, Dresden, 01069, Germany},
abstract={The geometry of a magnetic nano-object, namely its shape and dimensions determines the complex electromagnetic responses. Here, we address the geometry-induced changes of the magnetic properties of thin ferromagnetic Co/Pd multilayers with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy deposited on three-dimensionally curved templates. For this purpose, arrays of self-assembled cone-shaped nano-objects with a chracteristic size of either 30 or 70 nm were created in GaSb(0 0 1) by the ion erosion technique. The templates are designed in the way that the shape of the cone remains the same for all the samples; namely, we keep the opening angle at about 55° by adjusting the ratio between the cone height and its base diameter to be about 1. In this case, we are able to address the impact of the linear dimensions of the object on the magnetic properties and exclude the impact of the shape from the consideration. The deposition of 15 nm thick Co/Pd multilayers on top of the cone templates results in the formation of a close-packed array of 2D magnetic cone-shaped shells. Integral angle-dependent magnetometry measurements demonstrate that the local curvature results in the spread of the easy axes of magnetization following the shape of the nanocones independent of the linear dimensions of the cones. At the same time different local magnetic domain patterns are observed for samples prepared on 30 and 70 nm large cones. When the thickness of the magnetic shell is only half of the linear dimension of a cone, a clear multidomain state is observed. Remarkably, we find that the neighboring magnetic cone-shaped shells are exchange decoupled when the linear dimension of a cone is four times larger compared to the thickness of the magnetic shell. These findings are relevant for the further development of tilted bit patterned magnetic recording media as well as for the emergent field of magnetism in curved geometries. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={2D magnetic shells;  Co/Pd multilayers;  exchange coupling;  magnetic properties;  self-assembled nanostructures},
keywords={Exchange coupling;  Geometry;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Multilayers;  Nanostructures;  Shells (structures), Co/Pd multilayers;  Electromagnetic response;  Magnetic domain patterns;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic shells;  Magnetometry measurements;  Out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy;  Self assembled nanostructures, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={618083},
funding_details={European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council, ERC},
funding_details={Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, AL 618/6, FA 314/7-1},
funding_details={Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della RicercaMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR, FIRB2010},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 306277},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (Grants no. FA 314/7-1 and AL 618/6), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca: FIRB2010 NANOREST, ERC within the EU Seventh Framework Programme (ERC Grant No. 306277) and the EU FET Programme (FET-Open Grant No. 618083). Support by the Ion Beam Center (IBC) at HZDR is greatfully acknowledged.},
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Mater., 24, p. 1072; Mari, A., Ordered arrays of FePt nanoparticles on unoxidized silicon surface by wet chemistry (2009) Superlattices Microstruct., 46, p. 95; Bates, C.M., Maher, M.J., Janes, D.W., Ellison, C.J., Willson, C.G., Block copolymer lithography (2014) Macromolecules, 47, p. 2; Rasappa, S., Borah, D., Senthamaraikannan, R., Faulkner, C.C., Shaw, M.T., Gleeson, P., Holmes, J.D., Morris, M.A., Block copolymer lithography: Feature size control and extension by an over-etch technique (2012) Thin Solid Films, 522, p. 318; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for use in bit patterned media fabrication (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. 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Lett., 107; Streubel, R., Han, L., Im, M.-Y., Kronast, F., Rößler, U.K., Radu, F., Abrudan, R., Makarov, D., Manipulating topological states by imprinting non-collinear spin textures (2015) Sci. Rep., 5, p. 8787; Streubel, R., Kronast, F., Rößler, U.K., Schmidt, O.G., Makarov, D., Reconfigurable large-area magnetic vortex circulation patterns (2015) Phys. Rev., 92; Gibbs, J.G., Mark, A.G., Lee, T.C., Eslami, S., Schamel, D., Fischer, P., (2014) Nanoscale, 6, p. 9457; Phatak, C., Liu, Y., Gulsoy, E.B., Schmidt, D., Franke-Schubert, E., Petford-Long, A., (2014) Nano Lett., 14, p. 759; Smith, E.J., Makarov, D., Sanchez, S., Fomin, V.M., Schmidt, O.G., Magnetic microhelix coil structures (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 107; Streubel, R., Fischer, P., Kronast, F., Kravchuk, V.P., Sheka, D.D., Gaididei, Y., Schmidt, O.G., Makarov, D., (2016) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 49; Meyerheim, H., Stepanyuk, V., Klavsyuk, A., Soyka, E., Kirschner, J., Structure and atomic interactions at the Co/Pd(0 0 1) interface: Surface x-ray diffraction and atomic-scale simulations (2005) Phys. Rev., 72; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., Magnetization reversal in Co/Pd nanostructures and films (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97; Johnson, M.T., Bloemen, P.J.H., Den Broeder, F.J.A., De Vries, J.J., Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys., 59, p. 1409; Streubel, R., Kronast, F., Fischer, P., Parkinson, D., Schmidt, O.G., Makarov, D., Retrieving spin textures on curved magnetic thin films with full-field soft x-ray microscopies (2015) Nat. Commun., 6, p. 7612; Facsko, S., Dekorsy, T., Koerdt, C., Trappe, C., Kurz, H., Vogt, A., Hartnagel, H.L., Formation of ordered nanoscale semiconductor dots by ion sputtering (1999) Science, 285, p. 1551; Facsko, S., Kurz, H., Dekorsy, T., Energy dependence of quantum dot formation by ion sputtering (2001) Phys. Rev., 63; Bobek, T., Facsko, S., Kurz, H., Temporal evolution of dot patterns during ion sputtering (2003) Phys. Rev., 68; Ulbrich, T.C., Makarov, D., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Magnetization reversal in a novel gradient nanomaterial (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Simsova, J., Gemperle, R., Domain structure of Co/Pd multilayers (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 784; Ulbrich, T.C., Bran, C., Makarov, D., Hellwig, O., Yaney, D., Rohrmann, H., Neu, V., Balzers, F., Effect of magnetic coupling on the magnetization reversal in arrays of magnetic nanocaps (2010) Phys. Rev., 81; Varvaro, G., Agostinelli, E., Laureti, S., Testa, A.M., García-Martin, J.M., Briones, F., Fiorani, D., Magnetic anisotropy and intergrain interactions in L10 CoPt (1 1 1)/Pt (1 1 1)/MgO (1 0 0) PLD granular films with tilted easy axes (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41; Varvaro, G., Agostinelli, E., Laureti, S., Testa, A.M., Generosi, A., Paci, B., Albertini, V.R., Study of magnetic easy axis 3D arrangement in L10 CoPt(1 1 1)/Pt(1 1 1)/MgO(1 0 0) tilted system for perpendicular recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 643; Makarov, D., Krone, P., Albrecht, M., (2016) Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording Ultrahigh-Density Magnetic Recording, p. 327. , ed G Varvaro and F Casoli (Singapore: Pan Stanford) p; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Komukai, T., Effect of inclination direction on recording performance of BPM with inclined anisotropy (2011) Phys. Proc., 16, p. 8; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Ouchi, K., Write margin improvement in bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy at high areal densities (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 11; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3438; Makarov, D., Melzer, M., Karnaushenko, D., Schmidt, O.G., Shapeable magnetoelectronics (2016) Appl. Phys. Rev., 3, p. 11101; Karnaushenko, D., Karnaushenko, D.D., Makarov, D., Baunack, S., Schäfer, R., Schmidt, O.G., Self-assembled on-chip-integrated giant magneto-impedance sensorics (2015) Adv. Mater., 27, p. 6582; Pylypovskyi, O.V., Sheka, D.D., Kravchuk, V.P., Yershov, K.V., Makarov, D., Gaididei, Y., Rashba torque driven domain wall motion in magnetic helices (2016) Sci. Rep., 6, p. 23316},
correspondence_address1={Lenz, K.; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Germany; email: k.lenz@hzdr.de},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={00223727},
coden={JPAPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys D},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sundar2017,
author={Sundar, V. and Yang, X. and Liu, Y. and Dai, Z. and Zhou, B. and Zhu, J. and Lee, K. and Chang, T. and Laughlin, D. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Fabrication of bit patterned media using templated two-phase growth},
journal={APL Materials},
year={2017},
volume={5},
number={2},
doi={10.1063/1.4974866},
art_number={026106},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013403200&doi=10.1063%2f1.4974866&partnerID=40&md5=98a5c4f5988b739e2b6c47b651652bd0},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA  94538, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States; Sun Yat-sen University, Carnegie Mellon University, Joint Institute of Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen University, Carnegie Mellon University, Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Guangdong, China},
abstract={In fabricating high areal density magnetic nanostructures for bit patterned magnetic recording media, conventional lithography methods are limited in scaling and often present other challenges, for instance, as etch-damage in case of subtractive schemes. In this paper, we present a novel two-phase growth scheme that enables the fabrication of nanostructures of one material embedded in a matrix of a different material by choosing a separation material that is immiscible with the material of the nanostructure and by designing a template whose material and morphology guides the separation of the two phases and their subsequent growth. © 2017 Author(s).},
keywords={Materials, Bit-patterned media;  Conventional lithography;  Etch damage;  High areal density;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetic recording media;  nocv1;  Separation materials;  Templated, Nanostructures},
funding_details={Carnegie Mellon UniversityCarnegie Mellon University, CMU},
funding_text 1={The authors would also like to thank Dr. Matthew Moneck and Dr. Vincent Sokalski for fruitful discussions.This work was funded by Seagate through the Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon University.},
references={Movchan, B.A., Demchishin, A.V., (1969) Fiz. Met. Met. (Phys. Met. Met.), 28, p. 653; Thornton, J.A., (1977) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 7, p. 239; Mullins, W.W., (1959) J. Appl. Phys., 30, p. 77; Giermann, A.L., Thompson, C.V., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 083520; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Chapuis, Y., Wan, L., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 1, p. 1; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J.-P., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 07B754; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct., 25, p. 2202; Wen, T., Booth, R.A., Majetich, S.A., (2012) Nano Lett., 12, p. 5873; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 939; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Weller, D., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 773; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J., (2013) Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, pp. 1-23. , 2nd ed. (CRC Press); Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 52511; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1976; Chen, J.S., Hu, J.F., Lim, B.C., Ding, Y.F., Chow, G.M., Ju, G., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 839; Yang, G., Li, D.L., Wang, S.G., Ma, Q.L., Liang, S.H., Wei, H.X., Han, X.F., Zhang, X.-G., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 083904; Drevet, B., Eustathopoulos, N., (1994) Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 25, p. 599; Shi, J.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Mah, C.S., Zhao, H.B., Zhao, J.M., Kay, Y.S., Pock, C.K., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 222503; Park, S.H., Kim, S.O., Lee, T.D., Oh, H.S., Kim, Y.S., Park, N.Y., Hong, D.H., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08E701; Sundar, V., Zhu, J., Laughlin, D.E., Zhu, J.-G.J., (2014) Nano Lett., 14, p. 1609; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct., 26, p. 2604},
correspondence_address1={Sundar, V.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, United States; email: vigneshs@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={2166532X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={APL Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda2017,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K.},
title={High Recording Performance of Bit-Patterned Media with Two-Layer Inclined Anisotropy ECC Dots},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2616415},
art_number={7589059},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011397537&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2616415&partnerID=40&md5=f75282e43d37048496b408161f6f9ae7},
affiliation={Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center, Akita, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={A simplified exchange coupled composite (ECC) dot structure with a reduced switching field and small applied field angle dependence in the switching field is proposed. It was found from a spin model analysis that a reduced switching field as well as a small applied field angle dependence of the field is obtainable even for two-layer ECC dot when the anisotropy axis is weakly inclined with an increased anisotropy for the soft layer. The switching properties of the two-layer ECC dots were confirmed using a micromagnetic simulation. A minimum normalized switching field of 0.51 was obtained for a two-layer ECC dot model of stacked cubes with a size of 5 nm and an anisotropy inclination angle of 10°. Recording simulation on a bit-pattered medium of the two-layer ECC dot array suggested the possibility of a high areal density recording beyond 4 Tdot/in2 by shingled recording. It was also confirmed by simulation that the proposed inclined anisotropy ECC dot could be applicable to granular media for narrow track recoding. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Applied field angle dependence;  bit-patterned media;  granular media;  inclined anisotropy;  recording simulation;  switching field;  two-layer exchange coupled composite},
keywords={Granular materials;  Switching, Applied field;  Bit-patterned media;  Granular media;  recording simulation;  Switching field;  Two-layer, Anisotropy},
references={Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , Oct; Honda, N., Analysis of magnetic switching of 2 to 4 layered exchange coupled composite structures (2013) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 37 (2-3), pp. 126-131; Yamakawa, K., Ohsawa, Y., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Pole design optimization of shielded planar writer for 2 Tbit/in2 recording (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105 (7), pp. 7B7281-7B7283; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., High-areal density recording simulation of three-layered ECC bit-patterned media with a shielded planar head (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11). , Nov; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Komukai, T., Effect of inclination direction on recording performance of BPM with inclined anisotropy (2011) Phys. Procedia, 16, pp. 8-14. , Jun; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , Jun; Honda, A., Honda, N., Ariake, J., Deposition of inclined Co-Pt film with inclined anisotropy (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (7), pp. 3600-3603. , Jul; Saito, S., Inoue, K., Takahashi, M., Oblique-incidence sputtering of Ru intermediate layer for decoupling of intergranular exchange in perpendicular recording media (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), p. 07B753},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Tohoku Institute of TechnologyJapan; email: n-honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alexander2017,
author={Alexander, J. and Ngo, T. and Dahandeh, S.},
title={Exploring Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording Gain Constraints},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2017},
volume={53},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2609858},
art_number={7569054},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011395339&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2609858&partnerID=40&md5=57692dfb427f6e00fb1b79d212a0f99a},
affiliation={Western Digital, Irvine, CA, United States; Western Digital, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) offers the opportunity to provide areal density (AD) gain, but questions were unanswered as to how the gain is achieved and what can be done to maximize the gain from this new technology. In this paper, we offer some reasons why different investigators might report different AD gain opportunities. We present data collected on a spin stand with two reader heads and processed with a commercially available field programmable gate array TDMR channel. The implications of this paper should provide guidelines on reader geometries, placement, and performance. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  conventional magnetic recording (CMR);  field programmable gate array;  heat-assisted magnetic recording;  shingled magnetic recording;  TDMR},
keywords={Logic gates;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Bit-patterned media recordings;  conventional magnetic recording (CMR);  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  TDMR, Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys, 40, pp. 149-177. , Apr; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321 (6), pp. 485-494. , Mar; Rea, C., HAMR performance and integration challenges (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (3), pp. 62-66. , Mar; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Chan, K.S., TDMR platform simulations and experiments (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3837-3843. , Oct; Dahandeh, S., Erden, M.F., Wood, R., (2015) Areal-density Gains and Technology Roadmap for Two-dimensional Magnetic Recording, , presented at The Magn. Rec. Conf. (TMRC)},
correspondence_address1={Dahandeh, S.; Western DigitalUnited States; email: shafa.dahandeh@wdc.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meyer2017456,
author={Meyer, A. and Franz, N. and Oepen, H.P. and Perlich, J. and Carbone, G. and Metzger, T.H.},
title={In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering observation of block-copolymer templated formation of magnetic nanodot arrays and their magnetic properties},
journal={Nano Research},
year={2017},
volume={10},
number={2},
pages={456-471},
doi={10.1007/s12274-016-1305-5},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994414325&doi=10.1007%2fs12274-016-1305-5&partnerID=40&md5=4530c50d1eb035a9d07d6fee26972fb6},
affiliation={Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg, 20146, Germany; Institut für Nanostruktur und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 11a, Hamburg, 20355, Germany; HASYLAB/Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22603, Germany; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble, 38043, France},
abstract={The fabrication of bit-patterned media (BPM) is crucial for new types of hard disk drives. The development of methods for the production of BPM is progressing rapidly. Conventional lithography reaches the limit regarding lateral resolution, and new routes are needed. In this study, we mainly focus on the dependence of the size and shape of magnetic nanodots on the Ar+-ion etching duration, using silica dots as masks. Two-dimensional (2D) arrays of magnetic nanostructures are created using silica-filled diblock-copolymer micelles as templates. After the self-assembly of the micelles into 2D hexagonal arrays, the polymer shell is removed, and the SiO2 cores are utilized to transform the morphology into a (Co/Pt)2-multilayer via ion etching under normal incidence. The number of preparation steps is kept as low as possible to simplify the formation of the nanostructure arrays. High-resolution in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) investigations are performed during the Ar+-ion etching to monitor and control the fabrication process. The in situ investigation provides information on how the etching conditions can be improved for further ex situ experiments. The GISAXS patterns are compared with simulations. We observe that the dots change in shape from cylindrical to conical during the etching process. The magnetic behavior is studied by utilizing the magneto-optic Kerr effect. The Co/Pt dots exhibit different magnetic behaviors depending on their size, interparticle distance, and etching time. They show ferromagnetism with an easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the film. A systematic dependence of the coercivity on the dot size is observed. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2017, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
author_keywords={argon ion etching;  grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) simulation;  magnetic nanodot coercivity;  poly(styrene)-b-poly(vinyl pyridine);  self-assembly},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Coercive force;  Etching;  Ferromagnetism;  Ions;  Micelles;  Nanodots;  Nanostructured materials;  Self assembly;  Silica;  Styrene, Argon ion;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Diblock copolymer micelles;  Easy axis of magnetization;  Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering;  Magnetic nanodots;  Magneto-optic Kerr effect;  Two dimensional (2D) arrays, X ray scattering},
funding_details={Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG},
funding_details={Universität HamburgUniversität Hamburg, UH},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the SFB 668 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the University of Hamburg. The authors thank S.V. Roth and the HASYLAB staff for the support at the beamline BW4 and the ESRF staff for their support during beamtime at ID01. We thank A. Kornowski for the helpful advices about the SEM analysis.},
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correspondence_address1={Meyer, A.; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Grindelallee 117, Germany; email: andreas.meyer@chemie.uni-hamburg.de},
publisher={Tsinghua University Press},
issn={19980124},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nano. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meng2017731,
author={Meng, Z. and Li, G. and Wong, H.-F. and Ng, S.-M. and Yiu, S.-C. and Ho, C.-L. and Leung, C.-W. and Manners, I. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={Patterning of L10 FePt nanoparticles with ultra-high coercivity for bit-patterned media},
journal={Nanoscale},
year={2017},
volume={9},
number={2},
pages={731-738},
doi={10.1039/c6nr07863j},
note={cited By 43},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008873488&doi=10.1039%2fc6nr07863j&partnerID=40&md5=49659b9cdbf83b970f62525f8e5286cc},
affiliation={Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong},
abstract={L10-ordered FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with ultra-high coercivity were directly prepared from a new metallopolyyne using a one-step pyrolysis method. The chemical ordering, morphology and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized FePt NPs have been studied. Magnetic measurements show the coercivity of these FePt NPs is as high as 3.6 T. Comparison of NPs synthesized under the Ar and Ar/H2 atmospheres shows that the presence of H2 in the annealing environment influences the nucleation and promotes the growth of L10-FePt NPs. Application of this metallopolymer for bit-patterned media was also demonstrated using nanoimprint lithography. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017.},
keywords={Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoparticles, Annealing environment;  Bit-patterned media;  Chemical order;  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  Ultra-high, Coercive force},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/K03927X/1},
funding_details={Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong Baptist University, HKBU, FRG2/13-14/083},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51373145},
funding_details={Research Grants Council, University Grants CommitteeResearch Grants Council, University Grants Committee, RGC, UGC, 1-ZE14/1-ZE25, AoE/P-03/08, HKBU 12302114, PolyU 153015/14P},
funding_details={Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Polytechnic University, PolyU, FRG2/13-14/078},
funding_details={Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen MunicipalityScience, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, 21504074, JCYJ20140419130507116, JCYJ20140818163041143},
funding_text 1={W.-Y. Wong thanks the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKBU 12302114), Areas of Excellence Scheme of HKSAR (AoE/P-03/08), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 51373145), Science, Technology, and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20140419130507116), Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG2/13-14/083) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for financial support. C.-L. Ho thanks Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG2/13-14/078), and the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20140818163041143) for their financial support. We also thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project number: 21504074). The work in PolyU was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153015/14P) and PolyU (1-ZE14/1-ZE25).},
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correspondence_address1={Ho, C.-L.; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong; email: clamho@hkbu.edu.hk},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={20403364},
pubmed_id={27959375},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanoscale},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tannous20171,
author={Tannous, C. and Comstock, R.L.},
title={Magnetic information-storage materials},
journal={Springer Handbooks},
year={2017},
pages={1},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-48933-9_49},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073461599&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-48933-9_49&partnerID=40&md5=b55480624963edf5189098442584e485},
affiliation={Lab. of Magnetism of Brittany, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France; San José, United States},
abstract={The purpose of this chapter is to review the current status of magnetic materials used in data storage. The emphasis is on magnetic materials used in disk drives and in the magnetic random-access memory (MRAMmagneticrandom-access memory (MRAM)) technology. A wide range of magnetic materials is essential for the advance of magnetic recording both for heads and media, including high-magnetization soft-magnetic materials for write heads, antiferromagnetic alloys with high blocking temperatures and low corrosion propensity for pinning films in giant-magnetoresistive (GMRgiant magnetoresistance (GMR)) sensors and ferromagnetic alloys with large values of giant magnetoresistance. For magnetic recording media, the advances are in high-magnetization metal alloys with large values of switching coercivity. A significant limitation to magnetic recording is found to be the superparamagnetic effect and advances have been made in multilayer ferromagnetic films to reduce the impact of the effect, but also to allow high-density recording have been developed. Perpendicular recording as compared to longitudinal recording is reviewed and it is shown that this technology will soon be replaced first by heat-assisted and later by bit-patterned magnetic recording in order to progress steadily toward areal densities well above 1012 bit ∕ in2 (1 Tbit ∕ in2 or 1000 Gbit ∕ in2). While an MRAM cell exploits some of the materials used in GMR sensors, its basic component is the magnetic tunneling junction in which magnetic films are coupled by a thin insulating film and conduction occurs by quantum mechanical tunneling. The status of MRAM cell technology and some closely related key problems are reviewed. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.},
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Jpn., 21, p. 301; Qi, X., Stadler, B., Victora, R., Judy, J., Hellwig, O., Supper, N., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2476; Suzuki, T., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., (1997) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 21–S, 2; Bertero, G., Wachenschwanz, D., Malhotia, S., Velu, S., Bian, B., Stafford, D., Wu, Y., Wang, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1627; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shi-Matsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1976; Uwazumi, H., Enomoto, K., Sakai, Y., Takenoiri, S., Oikawa, T., Watanabe, S., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1914; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikedu, Y., Takano, K., Schabes, M., Zeltzer, G., Do, H., Best, M., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 424; Sonobe, Y., Miura, K., Nakamura, Y., Takano, K., Do, H., Mosher, A., Yen, B., Supper, N., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8055; Muraoku, H., Sonobe, Y., Muira, K., Goodman, A., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1632; Sonobe, Y., Muraoka, H., Miura, K., Nakamura, Y., Takano, K., Moser, A., Do, H., Weresin, H., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2006; Williams, M., Rettner, C., Takano, K., Weresin, W., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1643; White, R.M., (1985) Introduction to Magnetic Recording, , IEEE, New York; Gao, K.Z., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675; Judy, J., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 235; Velua, E., Malhotra, S., Bertero, G., Wachenschwanz, D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 668; Oikawa, S., Takeo, A., Hikosaka, T., Tanaka, Y., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2393; Zheng, M., Choe, G., Chekanov, A., Demczyk, B., Acharya, B., Johnson, K., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1919; Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Sonobe, Y., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2054; Application and Maintenance (2006) Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, 1. , G.E. Totten (Ed.), Vol., Taylor Francis, London; Takano, H., Nishida, Y., Kuroda, A., Sawaguchi, H., Hosoe, Y., Kawabe, T., Aoi, H., Ouchi, K., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 241; Eppler, W., Sunder, A., Karns, D., Kurtas, E., Ju, G., Wu, X., van der Heijden, P., Chang, C.H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 663; Mueller, S., (2002) Upgrading and Repairing PC’s, , 22nd edn. (Que, Indianapolis; Brucker, C., Nolan, T., Lu, B., Kubota, Y., Plumer, M., Lu, P., Cronch, R., Tabat, N., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 673; Chang, C., Plumer, M., Brucker, C., Chen, J., Ranjan, R., van Elk, J., Yu, J., Weller, D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1637; Zheng, M., Choe, G., Johnson, K., Gao, L., Liou, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1979; Kong, S., Okamoto, T., Kim, K., Nakagawa, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1982; Takenoiri, S., Enomoto, K., Sakai, Y., Watanabe, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1991; Wang, T., Mehta, V., Ikeda, Y., Do, H., Takano, K., Florez, S., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, p. 112403; Bogy, D.B., Fong, W., Thornton, B.H., Zhu, H., Gross, H.M., Bhatia, C.S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1879; Marchon, B., Olson, T., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3608; Slonczewski, J.C., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 195, p. L261; Piramanayagam, S.N., Chong, T.C., (2012) Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective, , IEEE Wiley, New York; Parkin, S., Roche, K., Samant, M., Rice, P., Beyers, R., Scheuerlein, R., O’Sullivan, E., Gallagher, W., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5828; Tehrani, S., Engel, B., Slaughter, J., Chen, E., De-Herrera, M., Durlam, M., Naji, P., Calder, J., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2752; Meservey, R., Tedrow, P., (1994) Phys. Rep., 238, p. 175; Jullière, M., (1975) Phys. Lett., 54A, p. 225; Kronmüller, H., Hertel, R., (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 215, p. 11; Lee, K., Park, W., Kim, T., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2842; Prejbeanu, I., Kula, W., Ounadjela, K., Sousa, R., Redon, O., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.-P., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2625; Kent, A.D., Worledge, D.C., A new spin on magnetic memories (2015) Nat. Nanotechnol., 10, p. 187; Recent Advances in Magnetic Insulators – From Spintronics to Microwave Applications (2013) Solid State Physics, 64. , M.Z. Wu, A. Hoffmann (Eds.), Vol., Academic, New York; Araki, S., Sato, K., Kagami, T., Saruki, S., Ue-Sugi, T., Kasahara, N., Kuwashima, T., Matsuzaki, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 72; Oogane, M., Mizukami, S., (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 369, p. 3037; Ikeda, S., Miura, K., Yamamoto, H., Mizunuma, K., Gan, H.D., Endo, M., Kanai, S., Ohno, H., (2010) Nat. Mater., 9, p. 721; Zhu, J.-G., Park, C., (2006) Mater. Today, 9, p. 36; Wang, D., Nordman, C., Daughton, J., Qian, Z., Fink, J., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2269; Parkin, S., Kaiser, C., Panchula, A., Rice, P.M., Hughes, B., Samant, M., Yang, S.-H., (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, p. 862; Solin, S., Hines, D., Rowe, A., Tsai, J., Pashkin, Y., Chung, S., Goel, N., Santos, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 4012; Solin, S., (2004) Sci. Am. Mag., 291, p. 71; Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X.M., Gage, E.C., (2009) Nat. Photonics, 3, p. 220},
correspondence_address1={Tannous, C.; Lab. of Magnetism of Brittany, France; email: charbel.tannous@univ-brest.fr},
publisher={Springer},
issn={25228692},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Springer Handbooks},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint201716,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Warisarn, C. and Busyatras, W. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Single-track equalization method with TMR correction system based on cross correlation functions for a patterned media recording system},
journal={Engineering and Applied Science Research},
year={2017},
volume={44},
number={1},
pages={16-19},
doi={10.14456/easr.2017.2},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049997159&doi=10.14456%2feasr.2017.2&partnerID=40&md5=efcf466f4af59831719c22e3a8911ac0},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, NPRU, Nakhonpathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising technology for ultra-high density media, however, there are some challenges that need to be addressed including two-dimensional (2D) interference, and track mis-registration (TMR). The system can experience TMR due to misalignment of the head and the track center. Conventionally, TMR is tackled using a servo system in which the head position offset is estimated by processing the overhead servo sequences before reading the data sequences. However, TMR impairment can also occur when the head is reading data sequences that are beyond the servo mechanism. To address this problem, we proposed TMR detection and correction techniques based on our previous work involving a single-track equalization method for a BPMR system using cross-correlation functions between the single readback signal and each of the training sequences from three adjacent tracks. In this proposed technique, the presence and level of TMR is detected and estimated based on the changes in the value of mean square error (MSE) between the equalized and feedback signals from the detectors after passing through a one-dimensional (1D) target for each sequence. Then, the estimated TMR levels are used in selecting the appropriate equalizer and the generalized partial response (GPR) target pair to tackle the TMR from the readback signal. The simulation results show improvement in the data recovery of a BPMR system using the proposed method when the system is experiencing 2D interference and TMR impairment. © 2017, Paulus Editora. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Equalization;  Inter-system interference;  Inter-track interference;  Track mis-registration},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Thailand. School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani. King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund, and the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand.},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans Magn, 36, pp. 36-42; Chang, Y., Park, D., Park, N., Park, Y., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Join-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans Magn, 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908; Myint, L.M.M., Warisarn, C., Equalizer design for bit-patterned media recording system based on ISI and ITI estimation by cross correlation functions (2015) Appl Mech Mater, 781, pp. 223-226},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L.M.M.; School of Information Technology, Thailand; email: lin@siu.ac.th},
publisher={Paulus Editora},
issn={25396161},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eng. Appl. Sci. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Blachowicz2017S226,
author={Blachowicz, T. and Ehrmann, A.},
title={Square nano-magnets as bit-patterned media with doubled possible data density},
journal={Materials Today: Proceedings},
year={2017},
volume={4},
pages={S226-S231},
doi={10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.191},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035011072&doi=10.1016%2fj.matpr.2017.09.191&partnerID=40&md5=36042b5633732ee8de3e01ed0fcff1c9},
affiliation={Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Center for Science and Education, ul. S. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Interaktion 1, Bielefeld, 33619, Germany},
abstract={Due to their possible applications in magneto-electronic devices, nanostructured magnetic particles are one of the most important topics in recent research. In such low-dimensional systems, the shape anisotropy can significantly be increased, compared with magneto-crystalline and magneto-elastic anisotropies - and thus allows for tailoring magnetic properties by shape design. Especially square nanowire objects which can lead to stable intermediate states are of technical relevance. Such systems could be used as quaternary memory cells, i.e. for storing 2 bits per storage position, expanding the possible limits of Moore's law. Recent experimental investigations have revealed the influence of lateral dimensions, wall thicknesses, corner shapes, etc. on magnetization reversal mechanisms and corresponding hysteresis loop shapes, supported by micromagnetic simulations of such systems. The article provides an overview of previous theoretical and experimental results and gives an outlook to possible implementation of these nano-particles in novel hard-disk or MRAM technology. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetism;  Nanoparticle},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanomagnetics;  Nanoparticles, Bit-patterned media;  Data density;  Low-dimensional systems;  Magnetic particle;  Magnetoelastics;  Magnetoelectronic devices;  Nano-structured;  Nanomagnets;  Recent researches;  Shape anisotropy, Magnetic anisotropy},
references={Akerman, J., (2005) Science, 308, pp. 508-510; Parkin, S.S.P., Hayashi, M., Thomas, L., (2008) Science, 320, pp. 190-194; Kawahara, T., Ito, K., Takemura, R., Ohno, H., (2012) Microelectronics Reliability, 52, pp. 613-627; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Trans, I.E.E.E., (2006) Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Cowburn, R.P., Koltsov, D.K., Adeqeqe, A.O., Welland, M.E., Tricker, D.M., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 1042; Zhang, W., Haas, S., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81, p. 064433; He, K., Smith, D.J., McCartney, M.R., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 09D307; Wang, R.-H., Jiang, J.-S., Hu, M., (2009) Mater. Res. Bull., 44, p. 1468; Huang, L., Schofield, M.A., Zhu, Y., (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, p. 492; Thevenard, L., Zeng, H.T., Petit, D., Cowburn, R.P., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 2152; Moritz, J., Vinai, G., Auffret, S., Dieny, B., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 083902; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 073911; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Steblinski, P., Palka, J., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113, p. 013901; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., (2013) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 331, pp. 21-23; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., (2013) Patent Application, p. 405487; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., Komraus, S., Nees, M.-K., Jakobs, P.-J., Leiste, H., Mathes, M., Schaarschmidt, M., (2015) Journal of Applied Physics, 117, p. 173903; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2015) AIP Advances, 5, p. 097109; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., (2017) AIMS Materials Science, 4, pp. 383-390; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, p. 366; Kneller, E.F., Hawig, R., Trans, I.E.E.E., (1991) Magn., 27, p. 3588; Tehrani, S., Engel, B., Slaughter, J.M., Chen, E., DeHerrera, M., Durlam, M., Naji, P., Trans, I.E.E.E., (2000) Magn., 36, p. 2752},
correspondence_address1={Blachowicz, T.; Silesian University of Technology, ul. S. Konarskiego 22B, Poland; email: tomasz.blachowicz@polsl.pl},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={22147853},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater. Today Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Song2017,
author={Song, W. and Yu, S. and Pan, D. and Liu, Q. and Li, L.},
title={Molecular dynamics simulation of lubricant transfer between slider and bit patterned disk},
journal={ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2017},
year={2017},
doi={10.1115/ISPS2017-5475},
note={cited By 0; Conference of ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2017 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2017 Through 30 August 2017;  Conference Code:131597},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034835890&doi=10.1115%2fISPS2017-5475&partnerID=40&md5=ceca58ec1ce91a2d816e6277abd3f06c},
affiliation={Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China},
abstract={A modified coarse-grained, bead-spring model for lubricant transfer from a bit patterned media (BPM) disk to a slider is developed using molecular dynamics (MD). The lubricant transfer at slider/BPM disk interface is compared with that at slider/conventional disk interface. In addition, the effect of lubricant thickness and slider flying height is investigated. Copyright © 2017 ASME.},
author_keywords={BPM disk;  Lubricant transfer;  Molecular dynamics},
keywords={Bead-spring models;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  BPM disk;  Coarse-grained;  Disk interface;  Flying heights;  Lubricant transfer;  Molecular dynamics simulations, Molecular dynamics},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51405103},
funding_details={China Postdoctoral Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation, 2014M551230, 2015T80335},
funding_details={Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities},
funding_text 1={This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51405103), China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (2014M551230 and 2015T80335), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. HIT. NSRIF. 2016 39). REFERENCES [1] X. Dai, H. Li, S. Shen, M. Cai, S. Wu, 2015, “Numerical Simulation of Bearing Force Over Bit-Patterned Media using 3-D DSMC Method,” IEEE Trans. Magn., 51(11). [2] H.J. Choi, Q. Guo, P.S. Chung, M.S. Jhon, 2007, “Molecular rheology of perfluoropolyether lubricant via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation,” IEEE Trans. Magn., 43(2): 903–905. [3] D. Pan, A. Ovcharenko, J.P. Peng, H. Jiang, 2014, “Effect of Lubricant Fragments on Lubricant Transfer: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation,” IEEE Trans. Magn., 50(9). [4] W. Tschöp, K. Kremer, O. Hahn, J. Batoulis, T. Bürger, 1998, “Simulation of polymer melts. II. From coarse-grained models back to atomistic description,” Acta. Polym., 49: 75–79.},
references={Dai, X., Li, H., Shen, S., Cai, M., Wu, S., Numerical Simulation of Bearing Force over Bit-Patterned Media using 3-D DSMC Method (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11); Choi, H.J., Guo, Q., Chung, P.S., Jhon, M.S., Molecular rheology of perfluoropolyether lubricant via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (2), pp. 903-905; Pan, D., Ovcharenko, A., Peng, J.P., Jiang, H., Effect of Lubricant Fragments on Lubricant Transfer: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (9); Tschöp, W., Kremer, K., Hahn, O., Batoulis, J., Bürger, T., Simulation of polymer melts. II. From coarse-grained models back to atomistic description (1998) Acta. Polym., 49, pp. 75-79; Shen, S., Liu, B., Du, H., Recording density, contact induced stress and local deformation of bit patterned media (2011) Physics Procedia, 16, pp. 111-117; Li, Y., Wong, C.H., Li, B., Yu, S., Hua, W., Zhou, W., Lubricant evolution and depletion under laser heating: A molecular dynamics study (2012) Soft Matter, 8, pp. 5649-5657; Yatsue, T., Ishihara, H., Matsumoto, H., Tani, H., Design of Carbon Surface Functional Groups on the Viewpoint of Lubricant Layer Structure (2000) Tribol. Trans., 43 (4), pp. 802-808; Anders, A., Fong, W., Kulkarni, A.V., Ryan, F.W., Ultrathin Diamond-Like Carbon Films Deposited by Filtered Carbon Vacuum Arcs (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29 (5), pp. 768-775; Aoyagi, T., Takimoto, J., Doi, M., Molecular dynamics study of polymer melt confined between walls (2001) J. Chem. Phys., 115 (1), pp. 552-559; Zhao, Z., Bhushan, B., Kajdas, C., Tribological performance of PFPE and X-1P lubricants at head-disk interface. Part II. Mechanisms (1999) Tribol. Lett., 6, pp. 141-148},
sponsors={Information Storage and Processing Systems Division},
publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
isbn={9780791858103},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Inf. Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2017,
title={ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2017},
journal={ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2017},
year={2017},
page_count={151},
note={cited By 0; Conference of ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2017 ; Conference Date: 29 August 2017 Through 30 August 2017;  Conference Code:131597},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034835768&partnerID=40&md5=e35e027aa53c74e62c33e0b32277e0a9},
abstract={The proceedings contain 49 papers. The topics discussed include: correlation of disk topography waves with nanometer scale lubricant moguls; a numerical investigation of the nano-scale heat transfer in heat assisted magnetic recording; effect of laser heating on nanoscale wear of DLC thin films in an air environment; the effect of track-seeking motion on off-track vibrations of the head gimbal assembly in HDDS; behavior of chemical reaction between siloxane compounds and surface on carbon materials; NFT wing protection on HAMR head using a window underlayer structure; a heat transfer study in the head disk interface and an insight to heat assisted magnetic recording design; HAMR emulation on carbon overcoat and lubricant for near field transducer and magnetic media using surface-enhanced Raman sensors; head disk spacing effect on heat transfer in heat assisted magnetic recording; novel ultra-sensitive air bearing excitation based resonance contact detection in heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR); molecular dynamics simulation of lubricant transfer between slider and bit patterned disk; lubricant evaporation and flow due to laser heating with a skewed temperature distribution induced by disk motion; a longitudinal model based probabilistic fault diagnosis algorithm of autonomous vehicles using sliding mode observer; using the time-domain characterization for estimation continuous blood pressure via neural network method; a transient performance enhancement scheme for dual-stage actuated HDD servo system; analysis of the disturbing torque absorption and power generation of a piezoelectric energy harvester; mechanical feasibility of airfoil shaped energy harvesting device based on aerodynamic instability phenomena; and airborne and structure-borne transmission of high frequency fan vibration in a storage box.},
sponsors={Information Storage and Processing Systems Division},
publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
isbn={9780791858103},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Inf. Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ehrmann2017383,
author={Ehrmann, A. and Blachowicz, T.},
title={Interaction between magnetic nanoparticles in clusters},
journal={AIMS Materials Science},
year={2017},
volume={4},
number={2},
pages={383-390},
doi={10.3934/matersci.2017.2.383},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029224756&doi=10.3934%2fmatersci.2017.2.383&partnerID=40&md5=05855442bf5b629f376f0bba77d1b4c6},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, 33619, Germany; Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland},
abstract={Micromagnetic simulations are often used to model the magnetic properties of nanoparticles, depending on their shape and dimension as well as other parameters. Due to the significant increase in computing time for large-scale models, simulations are regularly restricted to a single magnetic nanoparticle. Applications in bit-patterned media etc., however, necessitate large clusters of nanostructures. In our recent works, the deviations of magnetic properties and magnetization reversal processes, comparing single nanoparticles and small clusters, were investigated using the micromagnetic simulation OOMMF. The studies concentrated on a special fourfold shape which has been shown before to offer four stable states at remanence, allowing for creating quaternary bit-patterned media with two bits storable in one position. The influence of downscaling was examined by varying the sample dimensions without changing the particle shape. The results show that in case of the special square nanostructures under investigation, the largest nanoparticles experience the strongest effect by being included in a cluster, while the technologically more relevant smaller nanoparticles have similar magnetic properties and identical magnetization reversal processes for single and clustered particles. © 2017 Andrea Ehrmann, et al.},
author_keywords={Lithography;  Magnetic nanoparticles;  Micromagnetic simulation;  Nanoparticle cluster;  OOMMF;  Stable intermediate state},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T.J., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J Phys D Appl Phys, 38, pp. R199-R222; Cowburn, R.P., Welland, M.E., Room temperature magnetic quantum cellular automata (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1466-1468; Akerman, J., Toward a universal memory (2005) Science, 308, pp. 508-510; Bader, S.D., Colloquium: Opportunities in nanomagnetism (2006) Rev Mod Phys, 78, p. 1; Bowden, S.R., Gibson, U., Optical Characterization of All-Magnetic NOT Gate Operation in Vortex Rings (2009) IEEE T Magn, 45, pp. 5326-5332; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE T Magn, 42, pp. 2255-2260; Cowburn, R.P., Koltsov, D.K., Adeyeye, A.O., Single-Domain Circular Nanomagnets (1999) Phys Rev Lett, 83, p. 1042; Zhang, W., Haas, S., Phase diagram of magnetization reversal processes in nanorings (2010) Phys Rev B, 81; He, K., Smith, D.J., McCartney, M.R., Effects of vortex chirality and shape anisotropy on magnetization reversal of Co nanorings (2010) J Appl Phys, 107; Wang, R.H., Jiang, J.S., Hu, M., Metallic cobalt microcrystals with flowerlike architectures: Synthesis, growth mechanism and magnetic properties (2009) Mater Res Bull, 44, pp. 1468-1473; Huang, L., Schofield, M.A., Zhu, Y., Control of Double-Vortex Domain Configurations in a Shape-Engineered Trilayer Nanomagnet System (2010) Adv Mater, 22, pp. 492-495; Thevenard, L., Zeng, H.T., Petit, D., Macrospin limit and configurational anisotropy in nanoscale permalloy triangles (2010) J Magn Magn Mater, 322, pp. 2152-2156; Moritz, J., Vinai, G., Auffret, S., Two-bit-per-dot patterned media combining in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane magnetized thin films (2011) J Appl Phys, 109; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Steblinski, P., Directional-dependent coercivities and magnetization reversal mechanisms in fourfold ferromagnetic systems of varying sizes (2013) J Appl Phys, 113; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Six-state, three-level, six-fold ferromagnetic wire system (2013) J Magn Magn Mater, 331, pp. 21-23; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Micromagnetic Simulations of Anisotropies in Coupled and Uncoupled Ferromagnetic Nanowire Systems (2013) Sci World J, 2013; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Fourfold nanosystems for quaternary storage devices (2011) J Appl Phys, 110; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Magnetization reversal modes in fourfold Co nan-wire systems (2015) J Phys: Conf Ser, 633; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Stability of magnetic nano-structures with respect to shape modifications (2016) J Phys: Conf Ser, 738; Ma, C.T., Li, X., Poon, S.J., Micromagnetic simulation of ferrimagnetic TbFeCo films with exchange coupled nanophases (2016) J Magn Magn Mater, 417, pp. 197-202; Tillmanns, A., Oertker, S., Beschoten, B., Magneto-optical study of magnetization reversal asymmetry in exchange bias (2006) Appl Phys Lett, 89; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, , Interagency Report NISTIR. 6376. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Gilbert, T.L., A phenomenological theory of damping in ferromagnetic materials (2004) IEEE T Magn, 40, pp. 3443-3449; Smith, N., Markham, D., LaTourette, J., Magnetoresistive measurement of the exchange constant in varied-thickness permalloy films (1989) J Appl Phys, 65, p. 4362; Kneller, E.F., Hawig, R., The exchange-spring magnet: A new material principle for permanent magnets (1991) IEEE T Magn, 27, pp. 3588-3600; Michea, S., Briones, J., Palma, J.L., Magnetization reversal mechanism in patterned (square to wave-like) Py antidot lattices (2014) J Phys D Appl Phys, 47; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., Komraus, S., Magnetic properties of square Py nanowires: Irradiation dose and geometry dependence (2015) J Appl Phys, 117; Ehrmann, A., Komraus, S., Blachowicz, T., Pseudo exchange bias due to rotational anisotropy (2016) J Magn Magn Mater, 412, pp. 7-10; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., (2016) Square nano-magnets as bit-patterned media with doubled possible data density. Mater Today: Proceedings, , submitted for publication},
correspondence_address1={Ehrmann, A.; Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Germany; email: andrea.ehrmann@fh-bielefeld.de},
publisher={AIMS Press},
issn={23720484},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIMS Mat. Sc.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ehrmann2017,
author={Ehrmann, A. and Blachowicz, T.},
title={Influence of the Distance between Nanoparticles in Clusters on the Magnetization Reversal Process},
journal={Journal of Nanomaterials},
year={2017},
volume={2017},
doi={10.1155/2017/5046076},
art_number={5046076},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029218076&doi=10.1155%2f2017%2f5046076&partnerID=40&md5=564bd54933064de41b823ea874272ee1},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, Bielefeld, 33619, Germany; Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland},
abstract={Fourfold magnetic nanoparticles, created from nanowires or in the form of an open square, offer the possibility of creating quaternary memory devices with four unambiguously distinguishable stable states at remanence. This feature, however, has been simulated for single magnetic nanoparticles or clusters with interparticle distances similar to the nanoparticle dimensions. For the possible use in bit-patterned media, it is important to understand the scaling behavior of the stability of the additional intermediate states with the interparticle distance. The paper investigates exemplarily nanoparticles of two shapes which were found to be optimum to gain four states at remanence. For clusters of these particles, the probability of reaching the additional intermediate states in all particles in the same field region is strongly reduced with decreased interparticle distance. The differences between both shapes indicate possible solutions for this problem in the form of new nanoparticle shapes. © 2017 Andrea Ehrmann and Tomasz Blachowicz.},
keywords={Magnetization reversal;  Nanoparticles;  Remanence, Bit-patterned media;  Intermediate state;  Interparticle distances;  Magnetic nano-particles;  Magnetization reversal process;  Nanoparticle shape;  Scaling behavior;  Stable state, Nanomagnetics},
references={Vogler, C., Bruckner, F., Fuger, M., Three-dimensional magneto-resistive (2011) Journal of Applied Physics, 109 (12). , random access memory devices based on resonant spin-polarized alternating currents; Roy, U., Seinige, H., Ferdousi, F., Mantey, J., Tsoi, M., Banerjee, S.K., Spin-transfer-torque switching in spin valve structures with perpendicular, canted, in-plane magnetic anisotropies (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (7); Yoon, S., Jang, Y., Nam, C., Sensitivity enhancement of a giant magnetoresistance alternating spin-valve sensor for highfield applications (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111; Akerman, J., Toward a universal memory (2005) Science, 308 (5721), pp. 508-510; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Fourfold nanosystems for quaternary storage devices (2011) Journal of Applied Physics, 110 (7); Zhang, W., Haas, S., Phase diagram of magnetization reversal processes in nanorings (2010) Physical Review B, 81; Wang, R.-H., Jiang, J.-S., Hu, M., Metallic cobalt microcrystals with flowerlike architectures: Synthesis, growthmechanism, magnetic properties (2009) Materials Research Bulletin, 44 (7), p. 1468; Thevenard, L., Zeng, H.T., Petit, D., Cowburn, R.P., Macrospin limit, configurational anisotropy in nanoscale permalloy triangles (2010) Journal of Magnetism, Magnetic Materials, 322 (15), pp. 2152-2156; Huang, L., Schofield, M.A., Zhu, Y., Control of doublevortex domain configurations in a shape-engineered trilayer nanomagnet system (2010) Advanced Materials, 22. , article 492; Moritz, J., Vinai, G., Auffret, S., Dieny, B., Two-bit-perdot patterned media combining in-plane, perpendicular-toplanemagnetized thin films (2011) Journal of Applied Physics, 109; Escobar, R.A., Castillo-Sepulveda, S., Allende, S., Towards independent behavior of magnetic slabs (2017) IEEE Magnetics Letters, 8, pp. 1-5; Salazar-Aravena, D., Palma, J.L., Escrig, J., Magnetostatic interactions between wire-tube nanostructures (2015) Journal of Applied Physics, 117 (19); Van De Wiele, B., Fin, S., Sarella, A., Vavassori, P., Bisero, D., How finite sample dimensions affect the reversal process of magnetic dot arrays (2014) Applied Physics Letters, 105 (16); Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., Interaction between magnetic nanoparticles in clusters (2017) AIMS Materials Science, 4, pp. 383-390; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., OOMMF Users Guide, Version 1.0 (1999) Interagency Report NISTIR 6376, , National Institute of Standards, Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Gilbert, T.L., A phenomenological theory of damping in ferromagnetic materials (2004) IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, 40 (6), pp. 3443-3449; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., Influence of shape, dimension on magnetic anisotropies, magnetization reversal of Py, Fe, Co nano-objects with four-fold symmetry (2015) AIP Advances, 5 (9); Kneller, E.F., Hawig, R., The exchange-spring magnet: A new material principle for permanent magnets (1991) IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, 27 (4), pp. 3588-3600; Ehrmann, A., Blachowicz, T., Komraus, S., Magnetic properties of square Py nanowires: Irradiation dose, geometry dependence (2015) Journal of Applied Physics, 117 (17); Ehrmann, A., Komraus, S., Blachowicz, T., Pseudo exchange bias due to rotational anisotropy (2016) Journal of Magnetism, Magnetic Materials, 412, pp. 7-10; Omotehinwa, T.O., Ramon, S.O., Fibonacci numbers, golden ratio in mathematics, science (2013) International Journal of Computer, Information Technology, 2 (4)},
correspondence_address1={Ehrmann, A.; Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Interaktion 1, Germany; email: andrea.ehrmann@fh-bielefeld.de},
publisher={Hindawi Limited},
issn={16874110},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanomater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2017,
author={Li, X.G. and Liu, Z.J. and Kang, A.G. and Xie, X.Y.},
title={Writing Field Analysis for Shingled Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording},
journal={Journal of Nanomaterials},
year={2017},
volume={2017},
doi={10.1155/2017/4254029},
art_number={4254029},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027195660&doi=10.1155%2f2017%2f4254029&partnerID=40&md5=d6d47e1324a74636ab9b00eb5e5c387b},
affiliation={College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China},
abstract={A novel method utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) is proposed for effective analysis of the combined influence of writing head geometry and media properties on writing field performance. The method comprises two main modules: (1) a parametric writing head model based on finite element electromagnetic field analysis and (2) an effective writing field gradient model based on RSM. Using the method proposed, the writing performance of an asymmetrically shielded writing head for shingled magnetic recording on bit-patterned media (SMR-BPM) is analyzed. The results show that the shielding trailing gap and medium coercivity primarily impact the effective writing field (EWF) gradient and that the shielding side gap has a secondary impact. More importantly, the analysis shows a strong interaction effect between the influences of writing head geometry and medium coercivity on the EWF gradient, which indicates the need for inclusive design. © 2017 X. G. Li et al.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Electromagnetic fields;  Electromagnetic shielding;  Magnetic recording;  Shielding, Bit-patterned media;  Effective analysis;  Electromagnetic field analysis;  Response surface methodology;  Secondary impacts;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Strong interaction;  Writing performance, Finite element method},
references={Gao, K.Z., Heinonen, O., Chen, Y., Read and write processes, and head technology for perpendicular recording (2009) Journal of Magnetismand Magnetic Materials, 321 (6), pp. 495-507; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., Mcdaniel, T.W., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Furuta, M., Kitakami, O., Shimatsu, T., Microwave assisted magnetic recording technologies and related physics (2015) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48 (35); Zhang, M., Zhou, T., Yuan, Z., Analysis of switchable spin torque oscillator for microwave assisted magnetic recording (2015) Advances in Condensed Matter Physics, 2015, 6p; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (2), pp. 917-921; Aghayev, A., Shafaei, M., Desnoyers, P., Skylight - A window on shingled disk operation (2015) ACM Transactions on Storage, 11 (4); Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321 (6), pp. 526-530; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Bitpatterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51 (5); Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647; Kovacs, A., Oezelt, H., Schabes, M.E., Schrefl, T., Numerical optimization of writer and media for bit patterned magnetic recording (2016) Journal of Applied Physics, 120 (1); Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2 (2016) Applied Physics Letters, 108 (10); Yu, G., Chen, J., Skew effect-induced track erasure of shingled magnetic recording system (2014) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50 (11), pp. 1-4; Victora, R.H., Morgan, S.M., Momsen, K., Cho, E., Erden, M.F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording at 10 tbits/in2 (2012) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48 (5), pp. 1697-1703; Keng Teo, K., Elidrissi, M.R., Chan, K.S., Kanai, Y., Analysis and design of shingled magnetic recording systems (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (7); Kanai, Y., Jinbo, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Greaves, S.J., Yoshida, K., Muraoka, H., Finite-element and micromagnetic modeling of write heads for shingled recording (2010) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46 (3), pp. 715-721; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Hsu, Y., Feldbaum, M., Lee, K., Kuo, D., Directed self-assembly of block copolymer for bit patterned media with areal density of 1.5 Teradot/Inch2 and beyond (2013) Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 17p; Tipcharoen, W., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Design and micromagnetic simulation of Fe/L10-FePt/Fe trilayer for exchange coupled composite bit patterned media at ultrahigh areal density (2015) Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 5p; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Wohlhüter, P., Micromagnetic simulation of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic composite in bit patterned media (2015) Journal of Applied Physics, 117 (17); Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., (2009) Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, , John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA; Kagami, T., An areal-density capability study of SMR by using improved write and read heads (2011) Proceedings of the Intermag, , FA-01, April; Salo, M., Olson, T., Galbraith, R., The structure of shingled magnetic recording tracks (2014) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50 (3), pp. 18-23; Miura, K., Yamamoto, E., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Skew angle effect in shingled writingmagnetic recording (2011) Physics Procedia, 16, pp. 2-7; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 240 (826), pp. 599-642; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Fischbacher, J., Switching field distribution of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic composite bit patterned media (2016) Journal of Applied Physics, 120 (9); (2012) Half-normal Probability Plot, NIST/SEMATECH E-handbook of Statistical Methods, , http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/hand-book/},
correspondence_address1={Li, X.G.; College of Physics and Optoelectronics, China; email: vencent1227@hotmail.com},
publisher={Hindawi Limited},
issn={16874110},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanomater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saito20162248,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Multi-track joint decoding schemes using two-dimensional run-length limited codes for bit-patterned media magnetic recording},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences},
year={2016},
volume={E99A},
number={12},
pages={2248-2255},
doi={10.1587/transfun.E99.A.2248},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84999084584&doi=10.1587%2ftransfun.E99.A.2248&partnerID=40&md5=d5de0dbc9b6f474a0640dc58c2e7a453},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={This paper proposes an effective signal processing scheme using a modulation code with two-dimensional (2D) run-length limited (RLL) constraints for bit-patterned media magnetic recording (BPMR). This 2D signal processing scheme is applied to be one of two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) schemes for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media (BPM). A TDMR scheme has been pointed out an important key technology for increasing areal density toward 10 Tb/in2. From the viewpoint of 2D signal processing for TDMR, multi-track joint decoding scheme is desirable to increase an effective transfer rate because this scheme gets readback signals from several adjacent parallel tracks and detect recorded data written in these tracks simultaneously. Actually, the proposed signal processing scheme for BPMR gets mixed readback signal sequences from the parallel tracks using a single reading head and these readback signal sequences are equalized to a frequency response given by a desired 2D generalized partial response system. In the decoding process, it leads to an increase in the effective transfer rate by using a single maximum likelihood (ML) sequence detector because the recorded data on the parallel tracks are decoded for each time slot. Furthermore, a new joint pattern-dependent noise-predictive (PDNP) sequence detection scheme is investigated for multi-track recording with media noise. This joint PDNP detection is embed in a ML detector and can be useful to eliminate media noise. Using computer simulation, it is shown that the joint PDNP detection scheme is able to compensate media noise in the equalizer output which is correlated and data-dependent. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Generalized partial response;  Multi-track recording;  Pattern-dependent noise-predictive sequence detection;  Run-length limited codes;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Decoding;  Frequency response;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Maximum likelihood;  Modulation;  Signal processing, Bit-patterned media;  Generalized partial response;  Multi-track recording;  Run length limited code;  Sequence detection;  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Signal detection},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16K06313},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , May; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Erden, M.F., Steiner, P.L., Relaxing media requirements by using multi-island two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) on bit patterned media (BPM) (2015) 26th Magnetic Recording Conf. (TMRC2015), F7, pp. 97-98. , Aug; Saito, H., Signal-processing schemes for multi-track recording and simultaneous detection using high areal density bit-patterned media magnetic recording (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), pp. 1-4. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comut. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Zheng, W.X., Least-squares identification of a class of multivariable systems with correlated disturbances (1999) J. Franklin Institute, 336 (8), pp. 1309-1324. , Nov; Zhang, Y., Unbiased identification of a class of multi-input singleoutput systems with correlated disturbances using bias compensation methods (2011) Math. Comput. Model., 53 (9-10), pp. 1810-1819. , May; Sabato, G., Molkaraie, M., Generalized belief propagation for the noiseless capacity and information rates of run-length limited constraints (2012) IEEE Trans. Commun., 60 (3), pp. 669-675. , March; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., Two-dimensional maximumlikelihood sequence detection is NP hard (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (12), pp. 7661-7670. , Dec; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12), pp. 1-11. , Dec; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signaldependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas. Commun., 19 (4), pp. 730-743. , April; Wang, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Reduced latency multi-track data detection methods for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sector (2016) FV-10, 2016 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, , San Diego, California, Jan},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied Physics, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kokugakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Maruzen Co., Ltd.},
issn={09168508},
coden={IFESE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Fund Electron Commun Comput Sci},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kong2016105,
author={Kong, L. and Zhao, S. and Jiang, M. and Zhao, C.},
title={Optimization of LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording with media noise},
journal={2016 16th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, ISCIT 2016},
year={2016},
pages={105-108},
doi={10.1109/ISCIT.2016.7751601},
art_number={7751601},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 16th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, ISCIT 2016 ; Conference Date: 26 September 2016 Through 28 September 2016;  Conference Code:125030},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006952471&doi=10.1109%2fISCIT.2016.7751601&partnerID=40&md5=9374d0357943b109de66dd5861cb986f},
affiliation={National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China},
abstract={Challenges in bit-pattered magnetic recording (BPMR) include two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI) constituted by both one-dimensional ISI and inter-track interference (ITI), and media noise arising from island position jitter (PJ) and island size fluctuations (SF) in both the down-track and cross-track directions. A LDPC code optimization approach is proposed for BPMR channel with media noise, where a reduced-complexity 2D detector based on the iterative row-column soft detection feedback with Gaussian approximation (IRCSDF-GA) detector is employed. Also, the threshold of the proposed LDPC codes is calculated for different percentage of media noise in BPMR. Simulations results show that about 0.3 dB performance gain can be achieved when BPMR is only suffered from the PJ. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-pattered magnetic recording (BPMR);  LDPC code;  two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI)},
keywords={Forward error correction;  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Gaussian approximations;  Inter-track interferences;  LDPC codes;  Performance Gain;  Position jitter;  Reduced complexity;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Codes (symbols)},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Fatih Erden, M., Steiner, P., Relaxing media requirements by using multi-island two-dimensional magnetic recording on bit-patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn, 52 (2); Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit- patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Zhang, S.H., Qin, Z.L., Zou, X.X., Signal modeling for ultrahigh density bit-patterned media and performance evaluation (2008) Proc. Intermag 2008 Dig, pp. 1516-1517. , Technical Papers, May; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D Write/Read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (12). , Dec; Kong, L.J., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J.P., Han, G.J., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXIT-chart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISI channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , Jun; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) IEEE Signal Processing Lett, 14 (7), pp. 433-436. , Jul; Zheng, J.P., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2D inter-symbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation IEEE Trans. Magn, , accepted; Guan, Y.L., Han, G.J., Kong, L.J., Chan, K.S., Cai, K., Zheng, J., Coding and signal processing for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 194-199. , page(s); Shaghaghi, M., Cai, K., Guan, Y., Qin, Z., Markov chain monte carlo based detection for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (2), pp. 471-478. , Feb; Brink, S.T., Kramer, G., Ashikhmin, A., Design of low-density parity-check codes for modulation and detection (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun, 52 (4), pp. 670-678. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Kong, L.; National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, China},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509040995},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Commun. Inf. Technol., ISCIT},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhao2016185,
author={Zhao, X.T. and Liu, W. and Dai, Z.M. and Li, D. and Zhao, X.G. and Wang, Z.H. and Kim, D. and Choi, C.J. and Zhang, Z.D.},
title={Weak dipolar interaction between CoPd multilayer nanodots for bit-patterned media application},
journal={Materials Letters},
year={2016},
volume={182},
pages={185-189},
doi={10.1016/j.matlet.2016.06.121},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978196657&doi=10.1016%2fj.matlet.2016.06.121&partnerID=40&md5=2fb373d33ebd4191b84d8bde5bd89fe6},
affiliation={Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Powder & Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Changwon, 642-831, South Korea},
abstract={The morphology and magnetic performance of CoPd multilayer nanodots have been investigated by a combination of DC sputtering, anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template method and Ar ion etching. The nanodots exhibit a normal switching field distribution(SFD) of 17%, which is comparative to Bit-patterned media (BPM) made by e-Beam. It is found that the first-order reverse curve (FORC) data of CoPd nanodots have a good match with the mean-field model, which shows dipolar interaction contributes as small as 8.4% to the total SFD. Magnetic force microscope(MFM) imaging at a certain location confirms the FORC results by observing the effect of dipolar interaction directly. Our CoPd multilayer nanodots can be a good candidate for BPM application. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Anodic aluminum oxide(AAO);  First order reverse curves(FORC);  Magnetic force microscopy (MFM);  Magnetic materials;  Multilayer structure;  Nanodot},
keywords={Aluminum;  Anodic oxidation;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Mean field theory;  Oxides, Anodic aluminum oxide;  First order;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Multilayer structures;  Nanodots, Multilayers},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51471167, 51590883},
funding_details={Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, KJZD-EW-M05-3},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under projects 51590883 , 51471167 and the project of Chinese Academy of Sciences with Grant number KJZD-EW-M05-3 . This work was also supported by a Joint Research Project from Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology.},
references={Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90. , 162516-4; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96. , 257204-4; Pei, W.L., Qin, G.W., Ren, Y.P., Li, S., Wang, T., Hasegawa, H., (2011) Acta Mater., 59. , 4818-7; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91. , 172508-3; Piraux, L., Antohe, V.A., Araujo, F.A., Srivastava, S.K., Hehn, M., Lacour, D., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, pp. 013110-013114; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., Antohe, V.A., Lacour, D., Hehn, M., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89. , 174421-13; Li, A.P., Muller, F., Birner, A., Nielsch, K., Gosele, U., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, pp. 6023-6026; Chu, S.Z., Wada, K., Inoue, S., Isogai, M., Katsuta, Y., Yasumori, A., (2006) J. Electrochem Soc., 153, pp. B384-B388; Lee, W., Han, H., Lotnyk, A., Schubert, M.A., Senz, S., Alexe, M., (2008) Nat. Nanotechnol., 3, pp. 402-406; Liu, K., Nogues, J., Leighton, C., Masuda, H., Nishio, K., Roshchin, IV, (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 4434-4436; Dumas, R.K., Li, C.-P., Roshchin, IV, Schuller, I.K., Liu, K., (2012) Phys. Rev. B., 86, pp. 144410-144415; Yu, D., Huang, H., Lu, L., Che, J., Chen, X., Zhu, X., (2014) Nanotechnology, 25, pp. 465303-465308; Gong, W.J., Yu, W.J., Liu, W., Guo, S., Ma, S., Feng, J.N., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101. , 012407-4; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 6660-6667; Stancu, A., Pike, C., Stoleriu, L., Postolache, P., Cimpoesu, D., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 6620-6622; Li, W.J., Shi, D.W., Greene, P.K., Javed, K., Liu, K., Han, X.F., (2015) Appl. Phys. Lett., 106. , 072409-4; Gilbert, D.A., Zimanyi, G.T., Dumas, R.K., Winklhofer, M., Gomez, A., Eibagi, N., Vicent, J.L., Liu, K., (2014) Sci. Rep., 4, pp. 4204-4205; Dumas, R.K., Li, C.-P., Roshchin, I.V., Schuller, I.K., Liu, K., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75. , 134405-134405},
correspondence_address1={Liu, W.; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, China; email: wliu@imr.ac.cn},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={0167577X},
coden={MLETD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vogler2016,
author={Vogler, C. and Abert, C. and Bruckner, F. and Suess, D. and Praetorius, D.},
title={Basic noise mechanisms of heat-assisted-magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={120},
number={15},
doi={10.1063/1.4964949},
art_number={153901},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992529989&doi=10.1063%2f1.4964949&partnerID=40&md5=b373c4709df752367368e9c6fb09c723},
affiliation={Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Magnetic Sensing and Materials, Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria},
abstract={Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is expected to be a key technology to significantly increase the areal storage density of magnetic recording devices. At high temperatures, thermally induced noise becomes a major problem, which must be overcome in order to reliably write magnetic bits with narrow transitions. We propose an elementary model based on the effective recording time window (ERTW) to compute the switching probability of bits during HAMR. With few assumptions, this analytical model allows to gain deeper insights into basic noise mechanisms, like AC and DC noise. Finally, we discuss strategies to reduce noise and to increase the areal storage density of both bit-patterned and granular media. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Elementary model;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  High temperature;  Key technologies;  Noise mechanisms;  Storage densities;  Switching probability;  Thermally induced, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, F4112 SFB ViCoM, I2214-N20},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Grant No. MA14-044, the Advanced Storage Technology Consortium (ASTC), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant Nos. F4112 SFB ViCoM and I2214-N20 for the financial support.},
references={Mee, C., Fan, G., (1967) IEEE Trans. Magn., 3, p. 72; Lewicki, G.W., Guisinger, J.E., (1969), U.S. patent (10 March); Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, M., Machida, H., Yano, T., Hwang, U.M., (1984), Japan Patent (5 January); Rottmayer, R., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Ju, G., Peng, Y., Chang, E.K.C., Ding, Y., Wu, A.Q., Zhu, X., Kubota, Y., Thiele, J.U., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (11), p. 3201709; Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 765; Zhu, J.-G.J., Li, H., (2015) IEEE Magn. Lett., 6, p. 1; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 119, p. 223903; Garanin, D.A., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 212409; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 094436; Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 232507; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 184428; Schieback, C., Hinzke, D., Kläui, M., Nowak, U., Nielaba, P., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 214403; Bunce, C., Wu, J., Ju, G., Lu, B., Hinzke, D., Kazantseva, N., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81, p. 174428; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014433; McDaniel, T.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 013914; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 1794; Mendil, J., Nieves, P., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Walowski, J., Santos, T., Pisana, S., Münzenberg, M., (2014) Sci. Rep., 4, p. 3980; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90, p. 214431; Suess, D., Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Windl, R., Breth, L., Fidler, J., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 163913},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suzuki2016,
author={Suzuki, M. and Kondo, Y. and Ariake, J.},
title={Direct measurement of single-dot coercivity and statistical analysis of switching field distribution in bit-patterned media using scanning hard-X-ray nanoprobe},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={120},
number={14},
doi={10.1063/1.4964810},
art_number={144503},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991695768&doi=10.1063%2f1.4964810&partnerID=40&md5=f49fc3e4b82e17b60cc5bf954f0c8e7c},
affiliation={Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center (AIT), 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={To investigate the possible sources of the switching field distribution in bit-patterned media, we applied a scanning hard-X-ray nanoprobe technique based on X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy to an array of Co-Pt dots with the typical diameters of 200 nm. Element-specific magnetization curves at the Pt L3 edge were measured for individual dots isolated from each other, and the magnetization switching field (coercivity) values were determined for more than 100 individual dots. To assess the effect of dot diameters as a possible source of switching field distribution, a statistical analysis of the coercivity values and dot diameters measured for many dots was performed. The resulting switching field distribution had a mean of H SW = 1.80 kOe and a standard deviation of σHSW = 0.64 kOe. The relative deviation of σ H SW / H SW = 36 % was not in good agreement with the relative dispersion in a dot diameter of σ D / D = 2.7 %, and no clear correlation between the coercivity and dot diameter was observed. These results may suggest other possible sources of switching field distribution than dot diameter, such as dispersion in the c-axis orientation and in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Circular dichroism spectroscopy;  Cobalt alloys;  Coercive force;  Dichroism;  Dispersions;  Magnetization;  Magnetocrystalline anisotropy;  Nanoprobes;  Platinum alloys;  Statistical methods;  Switching, Bit-patterned media;  C-axis orientations;  Element specific magnetizations;  Magnetization switching;  Relative deviations;  Relative dispersion;  Switching field distribution;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, X rays},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Kihara, N., Yamamoto, R., Sasao, N., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Okino, T., Ootera, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 30; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82; Suzuki, M., Takagaki, M., Kondo, Y., Kawamura, N., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Mimura, H., Ishikawa, T., (2007) AIP Conf. Proc., 879, p. 1699; Kondo, Y., Chiba, T., Ariake, J., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Takagaki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3157; Kondo, Y., Chiba, T., Ariake, J., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Mohamad, Z.B., Honda, N., (2010) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 34, p. 484; Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., (2011) Phys. Procedia, 16, p. 48; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Akahane, T., Yin, Y., Sakurai, H., Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Suzuki, M., (2012) Adv. Mater. Res., 490-495, p. 292; Ishio, S., Takahashi, S., Hasegawa, T., Arakawa, A., Sasaki, H., Yan, Z., Liu, X., Mizumaki, M., (2014) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 360, p. 205; Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Mizumaki, M., Terada, Y., Uruga, T., Fujiwara, A., Yamazaki, H., Ishikawa, T., (2013) J. Phys. Conf., 430; Fischer, P., (2011) Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 72, p. 81; Nolle, D., Weigand, M., Schütz, G., Goering, E., (2011) Microsc. Microanal., 17, pp. 834-842; Kikuchi, N., Murillo, R., Lodder, J.C., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3613; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Schofield, M.A., Zhu, Y., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102; Stangl, J., Mocuta, C., Chamard, V., Carbone, D., (2013) Nanobeam X-Ray Scattering, , (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA); Bai, J., Takahoshi, H., Ito, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 1133; Yamaoka, T., Watanabe, K., Shirakawabe, Y., Chinone, K., Saitoh, E., Miyajima, H., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, p. 2230; Yamauchi, K., Mimura, H., Kimura, T., Yumoto, H., Handa, S., Matsuyama, S., Arima, K., Ishikawa, T., (2011) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 23; Yan, H., Conley, R., Bouet, N., Chu, Y.S., (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen20161730,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Elimination of two-dimensional intersymbol interference through the use of a 9/12 two-dimensional modulation code},
journal={IET Communications},
year={2016},
volume={10},
number={14},
pages={1730-1735},
doi={10.1049/iet-com.2016.0200},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988443672&doi=10.1049%2fiet-com.2016.0200&partnerID=40&md5=e598c13216ba2c538b31d927e18d14e6},
affiliation={School of Electronic and Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06987, South Korea},
abstract={This study presents a 9/12 two-dimensional (2D) modulation code as a way to overcome 2D intersymbol interference (ISI) in high-density storage systems. The next generation of data-storage systems is being continually developed to satisfy a massive demand for reliable storage regarding enormous amounts of data. Holographic data storage, bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), and 2D magnetic recording are promising candidates for the attainment of area-density increases that are beyond the capacities of conventional storage systems. One of the main challenges for these systems is a 2D ISI problem consisting of 1D ISI from neighbour bits and intertrack interference from adjacent tracks. The proposed modulation code maps every 9 bit sequence of user data into a 2D output array of a 3-by-4 size so that the fatal 2D ISI patterns are avoided in every output array. For the assessment of the quality of the proposed modulation code, a simulation model is carried out in a BPMR system. The results show that the proposed modulation code offers a gain of ~2 dB over that of a system without encoding. In particular, a gain of ~1 dB is obtained over that of a 6/8 modulation code regarding the same code rate. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology.},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Digital storage;  Magnetic storage;  Modulation, 2-D intersymbol interference;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data storage systems;  Holographic data storage;  Inter-track interferences;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Two dimensional modulations;  Two-dimensional intersymbol interferences, Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE, NRF-2013R1A1A2059077},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, under grant NRF-2013R1A1A2059077.},
references={Wood, R., 'The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch' (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 36-42; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., 'Future options for HDD storage' (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., 'Bit-patterned magnetic recording: theory, media fabrication, and recording performance' (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5), pp. 1-42; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Gao, K., 'Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond' (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Keskinoz, M., 'Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage' (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 'Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise' (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538; Kim, J., Lee, J., 'Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media' (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597; Kim, J., Lee, J., 'Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for holographic data storage' (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 49; Kim, J., Lee, J., 'Two-dimensional SOVA and LDPC codes for holographic data storage system' (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., 'Turbo equalization effect for nonbinary LDPC code in BPM R/W channel' (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (11), pp. 4602-4605; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 'Improving SOVA output using extrinsic informations for bit patterned media recording' (2015) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics, pp. 147-148. , Las Vegas, NV, January; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., 'Iterative detection supported by extrinsic information for holographic data storage systems' (2015) Electron. Lett, 51 (23), pp. 1857-1859; Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 'Binary SOVA and nonbinary LDPC codes for turbo equalization in magnetic recording channels' (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2248-2251; Kaynak, M.N., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., 'Burst error identification for turbo-and LDPC-coded magnetic recording systems' (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (4), pp. 3087-3089; Tsai, H.-F., Lin, Y., 'Turbo decoding for a new DVD recording system' (2005) IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron, 51 (3), pp. 864-871; Pansatiankul, D.E., Sawchuk, A.A., 'Fixed-length two-dimensional modulation coding for imaging page-oriented optical data storage systems' (2003) Appl. Opt, 42 (2), pp. 275-290; Zhu, Y., Fair, I.J., 'Multimode two-dimensional balanced conservative codes for holographic storage' (2010) IET Commun, 4 (15), pp. 1809-1816; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., 'Two dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media' (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309; Kim, B., Lee, J., '2-D non-isolated pixel 6/8 modulation code' (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (7), pp. 1-4; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., 'A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording' (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11), pp. 1-4; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., 'Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media' (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic and Engineering, 369 Sangdo-ro, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institution of Engineering and Technology},
issn={17518628},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IET Commun.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiong2016,
author={Xiong, S. and Chapuis, Y.-A. and Wan, L. and Gao, H. and Li, X. and Ruiz, R. and Nealey, P.F.},
title={Directed self-assembly of high-chi block copolymer for nano fabrication of bit patterned media via solvent annealing},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2016},
volume={27},
number={41},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/415601},
art_number={415601},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988476663&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f27%2f41%2f415601&partnerID=40&md5=942d8788cd9cf338e445f902cb9e37b2},
affiliation={Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of ChicagoIL  60637, United States; HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={We report the formation of nanoimprint master templates that can be used for the fabrication of bit patterned media (BPM). The template was formed by directed self-assembly, with solvent annealing, of a symmetric ABA triblock copolymer to form perpendicularly oriented lamellae on chemical patterns. We used a high-χ block copolymer, poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) to achieve smaller feature sizes than are possible with polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate). The work shows that triblock copolymers can provide a large processing window in terms of pitch commensurability. Using block-selective infiltration (atomic layer deposition with sequential long soaking/purge cycles), an alumina composite with high etch resistance was specifically incorporated into the polar and hydrophilic P2VP domains. Subsequently, the surface pattern was successfully transferred into underlying Si substrates by etching with a fluorine-containing plasma to create a nanoimprint master. The line/space pattern of the nanoimprint master met the BPM fabrication requirement of defectivity &lt;10-3. For demonstration purposes, the nanoimprint master was used to imprint a replica pattern of photoresist on a quartz wafer. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  directed self-assembly;  nanoimprint;  solvent annealing},
keywords={Alumina;  Aluminum oxide;  Annealing;  Atomic layer deposition;  Block copolymers;  Esters;  Fabrication;  Photoresists;  Polystyrenes;  Pyridine;  Silicon wafers;  Solvents, ABA triblock copolymer;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Nano-imprint;  Poly(2-vinyl pyridine);  Selective infiltrations;  Solvent annealing, Self assembly},
funding_details={U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy, USDOE},
funding_details={Office of ScienceOffice of Science, SC},
funding_details={Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences, BES},
funding_text 1={This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences- Materials Science. SX received support from the Advanced Storage Technology Corporation. SX would like to acknowledge HGST, a Western Digital Company for offering opportunities to use the facilities to conduct research at the San Jose research center. The authors also thank KC Patel for technical assistance.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, pp. 1-42. , 1-42; Wan, L., Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012) J. Micro-Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS., 11; Stoykovich, M.P., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1442-1446. , 1442-6; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., High-density bit patterned media: Magnetic design and recording performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 6-10. , 6-10; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84. , 79-84; Doerk, G.S., Transfer of self-aligned spacer patterns for single-digit nanofabrication (2015) Nanotechnology, 26 (8); Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R., The limits of lamellae-forming PS-b-PMMA block copolymers for lithography (2015) Acs Nano, 9, pp. 7506-7514. , 7506-14; Jeong, J.W., Park, W.I., Kim, M.J., Ross, C.A., Jung, Y.S., Highly tunable self-assembled nanostructures from a poly(2-vinylpyridine-b-dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer (2011) Nano Lett., 11, pp. 4095-4101. , 4095-101; Yoshida, H., Topcoat approaches for directed self-assembly of strongly segregating block copolymer thin films (2013) J. Photopolym. Sci. Tec., 26, pp. 55-58. , 55-8; Bates, C.M., Polarity-switching top coats enable orientation of sub-10 nm block copolymer domains (2012) Science, 338, pp. 775-779. , 775-9; Hur, S.M., Khaira, G.S., Ramirez-Hernandez, A., Muller, M., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., Simulation of defect reduction in block copolymer thin films by solvent annealing (2015) Acs Macro Lett., 4, pp. 11-15. , 11-5; Khaira, G.S., Evolutionary optimization of directed self-assembly of triblock copolymers on chemically patterned substrates (2014) Acs Macro Lett., 3, pp. 747-752. , 747-52; Peng, Q., Tseng, Y.C., Darling, S.B., Elam, J.W., A route to nanoscopic materials via sequential infiltration synthesis on block copolymer templates (2011) Acs Nano, 5, pp. 4600-4606. , 4600-6; Matsen, M.W., Schick, M., Lamellar phase of a symmetrical triblock copolymer (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 187-192. , 187-92; Lodge, T.P., Hanley, K.J., Pudil, B., Alahapperuma, V., Phase behavior of block copolymers in a neutral solvent (2003) Macromolecules, 36, pp. 816-822. , 816-22; Nealey, P.F., Wan, L., Inventors solvent annealing block copolymers on patterned substrates (2012) USA Patent, , https://www.google.com/patents/US20120202017, 2012/0202017 A1; Sun, Z., Directed self-assembly of poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) triblock copolymer with sub-15 nm spacing line patterns using a nanoimprinted photoresist template (2015) Adv. Mater., 27, pp. 4364-4370. , 4364-70; Williamson, L.D., Three-tone chemical patterns for block copolymer directed self assembly (2016) Acs Appl. Mater. Inter., 8, pp. 2704-2712. , 2704-12; Cushen, J., Double-patterned sidewall directed self-assembly and pattern transfer of sub-10 nm PTMSS-b-PMOST (2015) Acs Appl. Mater. Inter., 7, pp. 13476-13483. , 13476-83; Tseng, Y.C., Peng, Q., Ocola, L.E., Elam, J.W., Darling, S.B., Enhanced block copolymer lithography using sequential infiltration synthesis (2011) J. Phys. Chem., 115, pp. 17725-17729. , 17725-9; Ruiz, R., Image quality and pattern transfer in directed self assembly with block-selective atomic layer deposition (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 30; Hanley, K.J., Lodge, T.P., Effect of dilution on a block copolymer in the complex phase window (1998) J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys., 36, pp. 3101-3113. , 3101-13; Eastman, C.E., Lodge, T.P., Self-diffusion and tracer diffusion in styrene 2-vinylpyridine block-copolymer melts (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 5591-5598. , 5591-8},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Staaks2016,
author={Staaks, D. and Yang, X. and Lee, K.Y. and Dhuey, S.D. and Sassolini, S. and Rangelow, I.W. and Olynick, D.L.},
title={Low temperature dry etching of chromium towards control at sub-5 nm dimensions},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2016},
volume={27},
number={41},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/415302},
art_number={415302},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988320444&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f27%2f41%2f415302&partnerID=40&md5=4989cc7d1db4285b63ea3d6ebe8fcbbb},
affiliation={Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720, United States; Ilmenau University of Technology, Dept. of Micro- and Nanoelectronic SystemsD-98684, Germany; Fremont Research Center, Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={Patterned chromium and its compounds are crucial materials for nanoscale patterning and chromium based devices. Here we investigate how temperature can be used to control chromium etching using chlorine/oxygen gas mixtures. Oxygen/chlorine ratios between 0% and 100% and temperatures between -100 °C and +40 °C are studied. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to precisely measure rates, chlorination, and the thickness dependence of n and k. Working in the extremes of oxygen content (very high or very low) and lower temperatures, we find rates can be controlled to nanometers per minute. Activation energies are measured and show that etch mechanisms are both temperature and oxygen level dependent. Furthermore, we find that etching temperature can manipulate the surface chemistry. One surprising consequence is that at low oxygen levels, Etching rates increase with decreasing temperature. Preliminary feature-profile studies show the extremes of temperature and oxygen provide advantages over commonly used room temperature processing conditions. One example is with higher ion energies at -100 °C, where etching products deposit. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  chromium, inductively coupled plasma;  dry etching;  ICP;  low temperature;  oxygen concentration},
keywords={Activation energy;  Chromium compounds;  Inductively coupled plasma;  Lithography;  Oxygen;  Spectroscopic ellipsometry;  Surface chemistry;  Temperature, Bit-patterned media;  Etching temperature;  Low temperatures;  Lower temperatures;  Nanoscale patterning;  Oxygen concentrations;  Room temperature processing;  Thickness dependence, Dry etching},
funding_details={U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy, USDOE, DE-AC02-05CH11231},
funding_details={Office of ScienceOffice of Science, SC},
funding_details={Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences, BES},
funding_details={Seagate TechnologySeagate Technology},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC, 318804},
funding_text 1={We are especially grateful to Seagate Technology LLC for support of DS. This work was completed at the Molecular Foundry and supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. DO, SD, and SS, were supported by this contract. The work of D S was partially supported by the EU Contract No. [318804] [Single Nanometer Manufacturing for beyond CMOS devices (SNM)].},
references={Curtis, B.J., Brunner, H.R., Ebnoether, M., Plasma processing of thin chromium films for photomasks (1983) J. Electrochem. Soc., 130, pp. 2242-2249. , 2242-9; Flack, W.W., Tokunaga, K.E., Edwards, K.D., (1993) Proc. SPIE, 1809, p. 85. , Chrome dry-etching for photomask fabrication; Lin, H.C., Deep ultraviolet laser direct write for patterning sol-gel InGaZnO semiconducting micro/nanowires and improving field-effect mobility (2015) Sci. Rep., 5, pp. 1-11. , 1-11; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, pp. 1-42. , 1-42; Larrieu, G., Han, X.L., Vertical nanowire array-based field effect transistors for ultimate scaling (2013) Nanoscale, 5, pp. 2437-2441. , 2437-41; Zhang, Q., Magnetization reversal of CrO2 nanomagnet arrays (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, pp. 7527-7531. , 7527-31; Felser, C., Fecher, G.H., Balke, B., Spintronics: A challenge for materials science and solid-state chemistry (2007) Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed., 46, pp. 668-699. , 668-99; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822. , 3816-22; Malloy, M., Litt, L.C., Technology review and assessment of nanoimprint lithography for semiconductor and patterned media manufacturing (2011) J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS, 10, p. 032001; Wu, B.Q., Photomask plasma etching: A review (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 24, pp. 1-15. , 1-15; Abe, H., Microfabrication of anti-reflective chromium mask by gas plasma (1976) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 15, pp. 25-31. , 25-31; Nakata, H., Nishioka, K., Abe, H., Plasma-etching characteristics of chromium film and its novel etching mode (1980) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 17, pp. 1351-1357. , 1351-7; Kwon, K.H., Additive oxygen effects in Cl2 plasma etching of chrome films (1999) J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 18, pp. 1197-1200. , 1197-200; Dussart, R., Plasma cryogenic etching of silicon: From the early days to today's advanced technologies (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47 (12); Rangelow, I.W., Critical tasks in high aspect ratio silicon dry etching for microelectromechanical systems (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 21, pp. 1550-1562. , 1550-62; Dussart, R., Passivation mechanisms in cryogenic SF6/O2 etching process (2003) J. Micromech. Microeng., 14, p. 190; Liu, Z., Low-temperature plasma etching of high aspect-ratio densely packed 15 to sub-10 nm silicon features derived from PS-PDMS block copolymer patterns (2014) Nanotechnology, 25 (28); Liu, Z., Super-selective cryogenic etching for sub-10 nm features (2012) Nanotechnology, 24; Tachi, S., Low-temperature dry etching (1991) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 9, pp. 796-803. , 796-803; Coleman, T.P., Buck, P.D., Johnson, D.J., (1996) Proc. SPIE, 2884, pp. 92-102. , 92-102 Plasma etching of Cr films in the fabrication of photomasks: II. A comparison of etch technologies and a first look at defects; Abe, T., Yokoyama, T., Kyoko, S., Miyashita, H., Hayashi, N., Comparison of etching methods for subquarter-micron-rule mask fabrication (1998) Proc. SPIE, 3412, p. 163; Wu, B., (2003) Proc. SPIE, 5256, p. 701. , Investigation of Cr etch kinetics; Kawada, H., In situ characterization of residues formed on a plasma-etching chamber (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 19, pp. 31-37. , 31-7; Nesladek, P., Ruhl, G.G., Kristlib, M., (2004) European Mask and Lithography Conference (EMLC) 2004, , Investigation of Cr etch chamber seasoning; Dictus, D., Impact of metal etch residues on etch species density and uniformity (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 28, pp. 789-794. , 789-94; Hilfiker, J.N., Survey of methods to characterize thin absorbing films with spectroscopic ellipsometry (2008) Thin Solid Films, 516, pp. 7979-7989. , 7979-89; Fujiwara, H., (2007) Spectroscopic Ellipsometry: Principles and Applications, p. 369p. , (Chichester, England; Hoboken, NJ: Wiley) xviii; Huttner, B., On brewsters angle of metals (1995) J. Appl. Phys., 78, pp. 4799-4801. , 4799-801; Kovalenko, S., Lisitsa, M., Thickness dependences of optical constants for thin layers of some metals and semiconductors (2001) Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron., 4, pp. 352-357. , 352-7; Kang, S.Y., Etch characteristics of Cr by using Cl2/O2 gas mixtures with electron cyclotron resonance plasma (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, pp. G237-G240. , G237-40; Ichiki, T., Takayanagi, S., Horiike, Y., Precise chrome etching in downstream chlorine plasmas with electron depletion through negative ion production (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, pp. 4289-4293. , 4289-93; Gaballah, I., Ivanaj, S., Kanari, N., Kinetics of chlorination and oxychlorination of chromium (III) oxide (1998) Metall. Mater. Trans., 29, pp. 1299-1308. , 1299-308; Schäfer, H., Wartenpfuhl, F., Das chrom (III)-oxydchlorid CrOCl (1961) Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 308, pp. 282-289. , 282-9; Ebbinghaus, B.B., Thermodynamics of gas-phase chromium species - The chromium chlorides, oxychlorides, fluorides, oxyfluorides, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, mixed oxyfluorochlorohydroxides, and volatility calculations in waste incineration processes (1995) Combust. Flame, 101, pp. 311-338. , 311-38; Hoekstra, R.J., Kushner, M.J., Predictions of ion energy distributions and radical fluxes in radio frequency biased inductively coupled plasma etching reactors (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 2275-2286. , 2275-86; Fleddermann, C., Hebner, G., Measurements of relative BCl density in BCl3-containing inductively coupled radio frequency plasmas (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 83, pp. 4030-4036. , 4030-6; Tonotani, J., Ohmi, S., Iwai, H., Dry etching of Cr2O3/Cr stacked film during resist ashing by oxygen plasma (2005) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 44, pp. 114-117. , 114-7; Zhdanov, V.P., The coverage dependence of the sticking coefficient and the desorption pre-exponential factor (1989) Surf. Sci., 209, pp. 523-535. , 523-35; Vattuone, L., Coverage dependence of sticking coefficient of O2 on Ag(110) (1994) J. Chem. Phys., 101, pp. 726-730. , 726-30; Stull, D., Inorganic compounds (1947) Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, pp. 540-550. , 540-50; Buck, P.D., Grenon, B.J., (1994) Proc. SPIE, 2087, p. 42. , Comparison of wet and dry chrome etching with the CORE-2564},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oezelt2016,
author={Oezelt, H. and Kovacs, A. and Fischbacher, J. and Matthes, P. and Kirk, E. and Wohlhüter, P. and Heyderman, L.J. and Albrecht, M. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Switching field distribution of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic composite bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={120},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/1.4962213},
art_number={093904},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986203569&doi=10.1063%2f1.4962213&partnerID=40&md5=0eb7218fe4b75f3fe8d0b33bed4991a2},
affiliation={Center for Integrated Sensor Systems, Danube University Krems, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria; Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany; Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland},
abstract={We investigate the switching field distribution and the resulting bit error rate of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic bilayer island arrays by micromagnetic simulations. Using islands with varying microstructure and anisotropic properties, the intrinsic switching field distribution is computed. The dipolar contribution to the switching field distribution is obtained separately by using a model of a triangular patterned island array resembling 1.4 Tb/in2 bit patterned media. Both contributions are computed for different thicknesses of the soft exchange coupled ferrimagnet and also for ferromagnetic single phase FePt islands. A bit patterned media with a bilayer structure of FeGd(5 nm)/FePt(5 nm) shows a bit error rate of 10-4 with a write field of 1.16 T. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Iron alloys;  Platinum alloys;  Switching, Anisotropic property;  Bi-layer structure;  Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar contribution;  Exchange coupled;  Ferrimagnets;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Switching field distribution, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, AL 618/17-1},
funding_details={Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#x00F6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F&#x00F6;rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, 200021L-137509},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, I821},
funding_text 1={We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF Grant No. I821), the German Research Foundation (DFG Grant No. AL 618/17-1), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF Grant No. 200021L-137509), and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF Grant No. MA14-044).},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Piramanayagam, S., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 1; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Victora, R.H., Jianhua, X., Patwari, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886; Süss, D., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, p. 183; Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Dean, J., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R.V.D., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Hennen, T., Eisebitt, S., Hellwig, O., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105; Repain, V., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 2614; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Pfau, B., Gunther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99; Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Fidler, J., Dymerska, B., Suess, D., Albrecht, M., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Reichel, F., Fischbacher, J., Bance, S., Gusenbauer, M., Schubert, C., Schrefl, T., (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 381, p. 28; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Wohlhüter, P., Kirk, E., Nissen, D., Matthes, P., Heyderman, L.J., Schrefl, T., (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 17E501; Mansuripur, M., (1995) The Physical Principles of Magneto-optical Recording, pp. 652-654. , (Cambridge University Press); Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Süss, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, pp. 1-30. , edited by H. Kronmüller and S. Parkin (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.); Shukh, A., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2585; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc., A, 240, p. 599; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 26; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2652; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Mansuripur, M., Giles, R., Patterson, G., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 4844; Quey, R., Dawson, P., Barbe, F., (2011) Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 200, p. 1729; Brown, W.F., (1959) J. Appl. Phys., 30, p. S62; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95; Hagedorn, F.B., (1970) J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 2491; Skomski, R., Coey, J.M.D., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 15812; Kronmüller, H., Goll, D., (2002) Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 319, p. 122; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, p. 12; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fähler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87; Dean, J., Bashir, M.A., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Schrefl, T., Cazacu, A., Suess, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Victora, R., Shen, X., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1799; Kovacs, A., Oezelt, H., Schabes, M.E., Schrefl, T., (2016) J. Appl. Phys., 120},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Sopon2016,
author={Sopon, T. and Wongtrairat, W.},
title={Investigation of graph-based detection in BPMR system with multi-track processing},
journal={2016 13th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2016},
year={2016},
doi={10.1109/ECTICon.2016.7561333},
art_number={7561333},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 13th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2016 ; Conference Date: 28 June 2016 Through 1 July 2016;  Conference Code:123682},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988891216&doi=10.1109%2fECTICon.2016.7561333&partnerID=40&md5=176caaf2073f30199d61f0bef4638ea9},
affiliation={Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand},
abstract={A bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system is faced with two-dimensional (2-D) interference channel, that is inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI), which degrades a performance of a magnetic recording system. In this paper, we propose two methods to modify message-passing in a factor graph to the graph-based (GB) detector in the 2-D interference channel. One applies the factor graph to the basic clusters in the cluster 2×2 channel matrix for the GB detector, while the second method the 2-D interference channel by ignoring cornered ITIs of the reliability updates in the factor graph to the basic clusters. The simulation results show the performance of the modified GB (MGB) detector (full) and MGB detector (no cornered ITIs) methods better than the conventional GB detector (full) on BPMR system at the areal density 2, 2.5 and 3 Tbits/in2. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D interference channel;  BPMR system;  GB detector;  inter-track interference},
keywords={Message passing;  Signal interference, 2-D interference channels;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  BPMR system;  Graph-based detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Interference channels;  Magnetic recording systems;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Graphic methods},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in paterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , October; Nabavi, S., Jeon, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., An Analytical Approach for performance evaluation of bit-patterned media channels (2010) IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 28 (2), pp. 135-142. , February; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proceedings IEEE International Conference Communication (ICC), pp. 6249-6254; Hu, Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels (2009) EURASiP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2008. , January; Yedidia, S., Freeman, W.T., Weiss, Y., Constructing free-energy approximations and generalized belief propagation algorithms (2005) IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, 51 (7), pp. 2282-2312. , July; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on bpmr channels with written-in error correction and it! mitigation (2014) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50 (1). , January; Sopon, T., Supnithi, P., Vichienchom, K., Performance of log-map algorithm for graph-based detection on the 2-d interference channel (2014) The 4'h Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (JICTEE-2014), pp. 1-5},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781467397490},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Techn., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang20162450,
author={Wang, Y. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.},
title={Bidirectional Decision Feedback Modified Viterbi Detection (BD-DFMV) for Shingled Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (BPMR) with 2D Sectors and Alternating Track Widths},
journal={IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
year={2016},
volume={34},
number={9},
pages={2450-2462},
doi={10.1109/JSAC.2016.2603620},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027439890&doi=10.1109%2fJSAC.2016.2603620&partnerID=40&md5=d0359922afa188560fa2a46987017491},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={Shingled bit-patterned media (BPM) recording is a promising candidate to improve the magnetic recording density above 1 Tb/in2 while keeping the conventional writer design. However, shingled magnetic recording (SMR) leads to a narrower track pitch, and thus increased inter-track interference motivating the investigation of array readers and 2-D sectors. In this paper, we investigate SMR on BPM with 2-D sectors at the channel density of 3.71 Tb/in2. Use of 2-D sectors allows the possibility of using either hard or soft information from already detected tracks in that 2-D sector to improve the detection performance on the current track. An important question in this context is whether all tracks in a 2-D sector should be of the same nominal width or if there is a potential benefit to using different widths for adjacent tracks. Based on our investigation, we show that alternating track widths [i.e., one less-trimmed (fat) track followed by one more-trimmed (narrow) track] are beneficial to a bit error rate (BER) perspective. In particular, we propose and investigate the use of a bidirectional decision feedback modified Viterbi (BD-DFMV) detector to improve the BER performance. Our simulations indicate that for a hypothetical 2-D sector with 13 tracks and 5% media noise and at the target BER of 10-2, using alternating track widths and readback with a single reader, the BD-DFMV algorithm can provide about 1.6 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain, compared with using the same detection algorithm but on a 2-D sector with uniform track widths. When using a reader array instead of a single reader, this SNR gain improves to about 2.0 dB. The alternating track width structure also appears to provide more robustness to track mis-registration compared with the 2-D uniform track width case. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={alternating track widths;  bit patterned media;  decision feedback detection;  modified Viterbi;  Shingled magnetic recording},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Error statistics;  Feedback;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Bit-patterned media;  Decision feedback detection;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Track width;  Viterbi, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Brace, P., High-performance and large-capacity storage: A winning combination for future data centers (2015) Proc. Flash Memory Summit, pp. 1-11. , Santa Clara, CA, USA Aug; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Study of two-dimensional magnetic recording system including micromagnetic writer (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Chan, K.S., Channel models and detectors for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 804-811. , Mar; Wu, Y., O'Sullivan, J.A., Singla, N., Indeck, R.S., Iterative detection and decoding for separable two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 2115-2120. , Jul; Chen, Y., Njeim, P., Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Iterative soft decision feedback zig-zag equalizer for 2D intersymbol interference channels (2010) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 28 (2), pp. 167-180. , Feb; Matcha, C.K., Srinivasa, S.G., Generalized partial response equalization and data-dependent noise predictive signal detection over media models for TDMR (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (10). , Oct; Wang, Y., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Multi-track joint detection for shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with 2-D sectors (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52 (7). , Jul; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bitpatterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939. , Aug; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 939-943. , Aug; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Lowcomplexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2-D inter-symbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Aug; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3). , Mar; Radhakrishnan, R., Varnica, N., Öberg, M., Estimation of areal density gains of TDMR system with 2D detector (2004) Proc. ISITA, pp. 674-678. , Melbourne, VIC, Australia Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={07338716},
coden={ISACE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE J Sel Areas Commun},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2016,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Extending the routes of the soft information in turbo equalization for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={9},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2573769},
art_number={7480408},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983613475&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2573769&partnerID=40&md5=8d0a6ba22ddc923108e5059b5f076dcf},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea},
abstract={This paper presents a new framework of turbo equalization (TE) to overcome 2-D intersymbol interference (2-D ISI) for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). The BPMR has been developed for the next generation of hard disk drives aiming to extend storage density. One of the main challenges for the system is 2-D ISI, i.e., 1-D ISI from neighbor bits and intertrack interference from adjacent tracks. The conventional TE is the iterative process between an equalizer (or detector) and a decoder. We construct a new scheme of TE where the soft information from the decoder is fed back not only to the equalizer but, at the same time, also to the detector. The proposed scheme is to exploit full advantage of a priori information from the decoder. The results show that the proposed model is approximately 0.4 dB better than the conventional TE solution at 0% track misregistration. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  intertrack interference;  soft output Viterbi algorithm;  turbo equalization (TE)},
keywords={Decoding;  Hard disk storage;  Intersymbol interference;  Iterative methods;  Viterbi algorithm, 2-D intersymbol interference;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Priori information;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Track misregistration;  Turbo equalizations, Equalizers},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5). , May Art. no.0800342; Douillard, C., Iterative correction of intersymbol interference: Turbo-equalization (1995) Eur. Trans. Telecommun, 6, pp. 507-511. , Sep./Oct; Aviran, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Noise-predictive turbo equalization for partial-response channels (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2959-2961. , Oct; Rad, F.R., Moon, J., Turbo equalization utilizing soft decision feedback (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2998-3000. , Oct; Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Binary SOVA, and nonbinary LDPC codes for turbo equalization in magnetic recording channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2248-2251. , Jun; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Turbo equalization effect for nonbinary LDPC code in BPM R/W channel (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (11), pp. 4602-4605. , Nov; Nguyen, C.D., Lee, J., Improving SOVA output using extrinsic informations for bit patterned media recording (2015) Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Consum. Electron., pp. 147-148. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Tuchler, M., Singer, A.C., Koetter, R., Minimum mean squared error equalization using a priori information (2002) IEEE Trans. Signal Process, 50 (3), pp. 673-683. , Mar; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional SOVA, and LDPC codes for holographic data storage system (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (5), pp. 2260-2263. , May; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl, Phys, 49 (8), pp. 8KB041-8KB045. , Aug},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arbeláez-Echeverri2016486,
author={Arbeláez-Echeverri, O.D. and Agudelo-Giraldo, J.D. and Restrepo-Parra, E.},
title={Atomistic simulation of static magnetic properties of bit patterned media},
journal={Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures},
year={2016},
volume={83},
pages={486-490},
doi={10.1016/j.physe.2015.12.016},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971343337&doi=10.1016%2fj.physe.2015.12.016&partnerID=40&md5=b86063579b0666cfc41b9affee68ae28},
affiliation={Departamento de fisica y quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Manizales, A.A. 127 Manizales, Colombia; PCM Computational Applications, Academic Research Group, Colombia},
abstract={In this work we present a new design of Co based bit pattern media with out-of-plane uni-axial anisotropy induced by interface effects. Our model features the inclusion of magnetic impurities in the non-magnetic matrix. After the material model was refined during three iterations using Monte Carlo simulations, further simulations were performed using an atomistic integrator of Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation with Langevin dynamics to study the behavior of the system paying special attention to the super-paramagnetic limit. Our model system exhibits three magnetic phase transitions, one due to the magnetically doped matrix material and the weak magnetic interaction between the nano-structures in the system. The different magnetic phases of the system as well as the features of its phase diagram are explained. © 2016},
author_keywords={Atomistic simulation;  Bit patterned media;  Bit patterned media;  LLG equation},
keywords={Impurities;  Intelligent systems;  Monte Carlo methods;  Nanostructures;  Phase diagrams, Atomistic simulations;  Bit-patterned media;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  LLG equation;  Magnetic interactions;  Magnetic phase transitions;  Paramagnetic limits;  Static magnetic properties, Magnetism},
funding_details={Universidad Nacional de ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, UNAL, 23046, 23088},
funding_text 1={The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Direccion de Investigaciones of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia during the course of this research under the projects 23088 and 23046 . They also want to acknowledge R.F.L. Evans and other members of the Computational Magnetism Group of the University of York for the insightful conversations during the development of the model.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.-W., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 773-778. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=64169791; Terris, B., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03048853080068591; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 Tbit/in2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), p. 385301. , http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484/22/38/3853011; Albrecht, T.R., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J.-M., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A.L., Yang, E., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5), pp. 1-42. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=70291091; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.2572041; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (16), p. 162516. , http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/90/16/10.1063/1.27307441; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magneticrecording (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 526-530. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304885308006811 1; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R.V.D., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm? arnumber=17042651; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22). , http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/88/22/10.1063/1.22091791; Duman, T., Kurtas, E., Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm? arnumber=4277900 1; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B., Bain, J., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4674587 1, 3.1; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B., Bain, J., Hogg, C., Majetich, S., Application of Image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5257128 1; van de Veerdonk, R., Weller, D., Determination of switching field distributions for perpendicular recording media (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (1), pp. 590-593. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=1179926 1; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J., Belle, B., Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3531-3534. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5257185 1; Lima, F., Moreira, J., Andrade, J., Costa, U., The ferromagnetic Ising model on a Voronoi–Delaunay lattice (2000) Physica A: Stat. Mech. Appl., 283 (1-2), pp. 100-106. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437100001345 2.1; Lima, F., Costa, U., Costa Filho, R., Critical behavior of the 3D Ising model on a Poissonian random lattice (2008) Physica A: Stat. Mech. Appl., 387 (7), pp. 1545-1550. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437107011983 2.1; Lima, F.W.S., Plascak, J.A., Magnetic models on various topologies (2014) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 487 (1), p. 012011. , http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/487/i=1/a=012011 2.1, doi:10. 1088/1742-6596/487/1/012011; Bridson, R., (2007) Fast Poisson disk sampling in arbitrary dimensions, Technical Report, , doi: 10.1145/1278780.1278807. 2.1; Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanoma-terials. (2014) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 26. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552692; Evans, R.F.L., Atxitia, U., Chantrell, R.W., Quantitative simulation of temperature-dependent magnetization dynamics and equilibrium properties of elemental ferromagnets (2015) Phys. Rev. B, 91 (14), p. 144425. , http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.1444252.2; Johnson, M.T., Bloemen, P.J.H., Broeder, F.J.A.D., Vries, J.J.D., Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers (1999) Rep. Prog. Phys., 59 (11), pp. 1409-1458. , http://stacks.iop.org/0034-4885/59/i=11/a=002 2.2; Neumann, A., Altwein, D., Thonnifien, C., Wieser, R., Berger, A., Meyer, A., Vedmedenko, E., Peter Oepen, H., Influence of long-range interactions on the switching behavior of particles in an array of ferromagnetic nanostructures (2014) New J. Phys., 16 (8), p. 083012. , http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/16/8/083012/article/3.1; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=809134 3.1; Schrenk, K.J., Araujo, N.A.M., Herrmann, H.J., Stacked triangular lattice: percolation properties (2013) Phys. Rev. E, 87 (3), p. 032123. , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=809134 3.1; van der Marck, S.C., Percolation thresholds and universal formulas (1997) Phys. Rev. E, 55 (2), pp. 1514-1517. , http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.55.1514 3.2},
correspondence_address1={Arbeláez-Echeverri, O.D.; Departamento de fisica y quimica, A.A. 127 Manizales, Colombia; email: odarbelaeze@unal.edu.co},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={13869477},
coden={PELNF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys E},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{DinhNguyen2016,
author={Dinh Nguyen, C. and Lee, J.},
title={9/12 Two-dimensional modulation code for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016},
year={2016},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2016.7524289},
art_number={7524289},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2016 Through 15 July 2016;  Conference Code:123094},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984663098&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2016.7524289&partnerID=40&md5=48cc271579fce885e1c7c3132af613cd},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={This paper presents a 9/12 two-dimensional (2D) modulation code as a way to overcome 2D intersymbol interference (ISI) in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. BPMR systems are regarded as one of the promising candidates for the attainment of areal density increases that are beyond the capacities of conventional storage systems. The 2D ISI problem significantly degrades the system performance. The results show that the proposed modulation code offers a gain of approximately 2 dB over that of a system without encoding. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Hamming distance;  intersymbol interference;  intertrack interference;  modulation code},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Hamming distance;  Magnetic recording;  Modulation, 2-D intersymbol interference;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Storage systems;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Two dimensional modulations, Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE, NRF-2013R1A1A2059077},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, under Grant NRF-2013R1A1A2059077.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5); Pansatiankul, D.E., Sawchuk, A.A., Fixed-length two-dimensional modulation coding for imaging pageoriented optical data storage systems (2003) Applied Optics, 42 (2); Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10); Kim, B., Lee, J., 2-D non-isolated pixel 6/8 modulation code (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (7)},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509021246},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{DinhNguyen2016,
author={Dinh Nguyen, C. and Lee, J.},
title={Scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information in bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016},
year={2016},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2016.7524288},
art_number={7524288},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2016 Through 15 July 2016;  Conference Code:123094},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984633248&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2016.7524288&partnerID=40&md5=05ce137076727d5ddb1df3424a34d704},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording systems are promising candidates for the attainment of area-density increases that are beyond the capacities of conventional storage systems. One of the main challenges for the systems is two-dimensional intersymbol interference, which significantly degrades the system performance. In this study, we present a scheme for utilizing the soft feedback information from a decoder to eliminate the detrimental interference. Simulation results show that the proposed solution provides a better performance over a conventional iterative detection. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  extrinsic information;  intersymbol interference;  intertrack interference;  iterative detection},
keywords={Magnetic recording, Area density;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Extrinsic information;  Feed back information;  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative detection;  Storage systems;  Two-dimensional intersymbol interferences, Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education, MOE, NRF-2013R1A1A2059077},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, under Grant NRF-2013R1A1A2059077.},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5); Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (8); Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3); Lai, K.-H., Tseng, C.-F., Chen, P.-C., Tarng, J.-H., A two dimensional partial-response maximum likelihood technique for holographic data storage systems (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (7); Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10)},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509021246},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Jeong2016,
author={Jeong, S. and Lee, J.},
title={Iterative LDPC-LDPC product code for bit patterned media},
journal={2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016},
year={2016},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2016.7524278},
art_number={7524278},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2016 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2016 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2016 Through 15 July 2016;  Conference Code:123094},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984629207&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2016.7524278&partnerID=40&md5=aa6175bedf43af124e30ee5cadaad170},
affiliation={Soongsil University, South Korea},
abstract={Bit patterned media implements high density recording of more than 10 Tera-bits per square inch, but burst error can be a serious problem. Burst errors are occurred by media defect and data write failure. However, if burst errors are erasure compensated, the performance of LDPC code can be improved. In this paper, we show that a proposed iterative LDPC-LDPC product code performs better than LDPC-LDPC product code when there are only random errors, and both random and burst errors. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media (BPM);  burst error;  iterative detection;  Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes;  product code},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Inventory control;  Magnetic recording;  Satellite communication systems, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Burst errors;  Iterative detection;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Product code, Random errors},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, 33 (1); Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Burst detection by parity check matrix of LDPC code for perpendicular magnetic recording using bit-patterned medium Proc. ISITA, , Auckland, New Zealand; Lee, J., Lee, J., Park, T., Error control scheme for highspeed DVD systems (2005) IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 51 (4); Han, Y., Ryan, W.E., Wesel, R.D., Dual-mode decoding of product codes with application to tape storage (2005) Proc IEEE, , Global Communications Conf., St. Louis, USA; Vo, T.V., Mita, S., A novel error-correcting system based on product codes for future magnetic recording channels (2011) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47 (10); Park, D., Lee, J., Performance evaluation of LDPCLDPC product code for next magnetic recording channel (2012) Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea, 49 (11); Xie, N., Zhang, T., Haratsch, E., Improving burst error tolerance of LDPC-centric coding systems in read channel (2010) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46 (3)},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Soongsil UniversitySouth Korea},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781509021246},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meng20164467,
author={Meng, Z. and Li, G. and Ng, S.-M. and Wong, H.-F. and Yiu, S.-C. and Ho, C.-L. and Leung, C.-W. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={Nanopatterned L10-FePt nanoparticles from single-source metallopolymer precursors for potential application in ferromagnetic bit-patterned media magnetic recording},
journal={Polymer Chemistry},
year={2016},
volume={7},
number={27},
pages={4467-4475},
doi={10.1039/c6py00714g},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979017708&doi=10.1039%2fc6py00714g&partnerID=40&md5=68ccd8449a1c8088ee0b1058b76506c4},
affiliation={Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, 518057, China},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) with a precise stoichiometry ratio of Fe and Pt atoms are promising for future high areal density magnetic recording. Here, we report a new FePt-containing metallopolymer P as the single-source precursor for the synthesis of magnetic metal alloy nanoparticles. This polymer was synthesized from a random copolymer poly(styrene-4-ethynylstyrene) PES-PS and the bimetallic precursor TPy-FePt ([Pt(4′-ferrocenyl-(N^N^N))Cl]Cl) by the CuI-catalyzed dehydrohalogenation. After pyrolysis of P, the stoichiometry of Fe and Pt atoms in the synthesized nanoparticles is nearly close to 1:1, which is more precise than that by using TPy-FePt as the precursor. Also, polymer P is more suitable for patterning by high-throughput nanoimprint lithography (NIL) compared to TPy-FePt. Ferromagnetic nanolines, potentially useful for fabricating bit-patterned magnetic recording media, were successfully obtained from P and fully characterized. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.},
keywords={Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Metal nanoparticles;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoparticles;  Platinum;  Stoichiometry;  Styrene;  Synthesis (chemical), Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Dehydrohalogenation;  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  High areal density;  Magnetic recording media;  Single-source precursor;  Stoichiometry ratio, Nanomagnetics},
references={Liu, W.J., Qian, T.T., Jiang, H., (2014) Chem. Eng. J., 236, pp. 448-463; Jiang, H.L., Akita, T., Ishida, T., Haruta, M., Xu, Q., (2011) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, pp. 1304-1306; Peng, X.H., Pan, Q.M., Rempel, G.L., (2008) Chem. Soc. Rev., 37, pp. 1619-1628; Chiang, W.H., Sankaran, R.M., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 4857-4861; Ethirajan, A., Wiedwald, U., Boyen, H.G., Kern, B., Han, L.Y., Klimmer, A., Weigl, F., Kaiser, U., (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 406-410; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222; Weller, D., Sun, S.H., Murray, C., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, pp. 2185-2187; Li, Q., Wu, L.H., Wu, G., Su, D., Lv, H.F., Zhang, S., Zhu, W.L., Sun, S.H., (2015) Nano Lett., 15, pp. 2468-2473; Guo, S.J., Sun, S.H., (2012) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, pp. 2492-2495; Burkert, T., Eriksson, O., Simak, S.I., Ruban, A.V., Sanyal, B., Nordstrom, L., Wills, J.M., (2005) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 71, p. 134411; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Elkins, K.E., Vedantam, T.S., Liu, J.P., Zeng, H., Sun, S.H., Ding, Y., Wang, Z.L., (2003) Nano Lett., 3, pp. 1647-1649; Harpeness, R., Gedanken, A., (2005) J. Mater. Chem., 15, pp. 698-702; Liu, C., Wu, X.W., Klemmer, T., Shukla, N., Yang, X.M., Weller, D., Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D., (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, pp. 6121-6123; Sun, H., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, pp. 393-403; Hyeon, T., (2003) Chem. Commun., pp. 927-934; Kang, S., Harrell, J.W., Nikles, D.E., (2002) Nano Lett., 2, pp. 1033-1036; Saita, S., Maenosono, S., (2005) Chem. Mater., 17, pp. 3705-3710; Bauer, J.C., Chen, X., Liu, Q.S., Phan, T.H., Schaak, R.E., (2008) J. Mater. Chem., 18, pp. 275-282; Song, H.M., Kim, W.S., Lee, Y.B., Hong, J.H., Lee, H.G., Hur, N.H., (2009) J. Mater. Chem., 19, pp. 3677-3681; Song, H.M., Hong, J.H., Lee, Y.B., Kim, W.S., Kim, Y., Kim, S.J., Hur, N.H., (2006) Chem. Commun., pp. 1292-1294; Wellons, M.S., Morris, W.H., Gai, Z., Shen, J., Bentley, J., Wittig, J.E., Lukehart, C.M., (2007) Chem. Mater., 19, pp. 2483-2488; Capobianchi, A., Colapietro, M., Fiorani, D., Foglia, S., Imperatori, P., Laureti, S., Palange, E., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, pp. 2007-2009; Dong, Q., Li, G.J., Wang, H., Pong, P.W.T., Leung, C.W., Manners, I., Ho, C.-L., Wong, W.-Y., (2015) J. Mater. Chem. C, 3, pp. 734-741; Dong, Q., Li, G.J., Ho, C.-L., Faisal, M., Leung, C.W., Pong, P.W.T., Liu, K., Wong, W.-Y., (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 1034-1040; Liu, K., Ho, C.-L., Aouba, S., Zhao, Y.Q., Lu, Z.H., Petrov, S., Coombs, N., Manners, I., (2008) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 47, pp. 1255-1259; Li, G.J., Leung, C.W., Lei, Z.Q., Lin, K.W., Lai, P.T., Pong, P.W.T., (2011) Thin Solid Films, 519, pp. 8307-8311; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, pp. 3114-3116; Schift, H., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 26, pp. 458-480; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L.J., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 15, pp. 2897-2904; Morecroft, D., Yang, J.K.W., Schuster, S., Berggren, K.K., Xia, Q.F., Wu, W., Williams, R.S., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 27, pp. 2837-2840; Dong, Q.C., Li, G.J., Ho, C.-L., Leung, C.W., Pong, P.W.T., Manners, I., Wong, W.-Y., (2014) Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, pp. 857-862; Tang, B., Yu, F., Li, P., Tong, L.L., Duan, X., Xie, T., Wang, X., (2009) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, pp. 3016-3023; Margeat, O., Tran, M., Spasova, M., Farle, M., (2007) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 75, p. 134410; Liu, Y., Jiang, Y.H., Zhang, X.L., Wang, Y.X., Zhang, Y.J., Liu, H.L., Zhai, H.J., Yan, Y.S., (2014) J. Solid State Chem., 209, pp. 69-73; Xing, L.B., Yu, S., Wang, X.J., Wang, G.X., Chen, B., Zhang, L.P., Tung, C.H., Wu, L.Z., (2012) Chem. Commun., 48, pp. 10886-10888; Mitra, K., Basu, U., Khan, I., Maity, B., Kondaiah, P., Chakravarty, A.R., (2014) Dalton Trans., 43, pp. 751-763; Kang, E., Jung, H., Park, J.G., Kwon, S., Shim, J., Sai, H., Wiesner, U., Lee, J., (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 1018-1025; Shim, J., Lee, J., Ye, Y., Hwang, J., Kim, S.K., Lim, T.H., Wiesner, U., Lee, J., (2012) ACS Nano, 6, pp. 6870-6881; Spatz, J.P., Mössmer, S., Hartmann, C., Möller, M., (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 407-415; Constable, E.C., Edwards, A.J., Martinezmanez, R., Raithby, P.R., Thompson, A.M.W.C., (1994) J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., pp. 645-650; Tsuda, K., Ishizone, T., Hirao, A., Nakahama, S., (1993) Macromolecules, 26, pp. 6985-6991},
correspondence_address1={Ho, C.-L.; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={17599954},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Polym. Chem.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang20164726,
author={Yang, E. and Liu, Z. and Arora, H. and Wu, T.-W. and Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V. and Spoddig, D. and Bedau, D. and Grobis, M. and Gurney, B.A. and Albrecht, T.R. and Terris, B.},
title={Template-assisted direct growth of 1 Td/in2 bit patterned media},
journal={Nano Letters},
year={2016},
volume={16},
number={7},
pages={4726-4730},
doi={10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02345},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978646777&doi=10.1021%2facs.nanolett.6b02345&partnerID=40&md5=9a3f15d869ee3cbcf66ac60b926d1110},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={We present a method for growing bit patterned magnetic recording media using directed growth of sputtered granular perpendicular magnetic recording media. The grain nucleation is templated using an epitaxial seed layer, which contains Pt pillars separated by amorphous metal oxide. The scheme enables the creation of both templated data and servo regions suitable for high density hard disk drive operation. We illustrate the importance of using a process that is both topographically and chemically driven to achieve high quality media. © 2016 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={Bit Patterned Media;  BPM servo;  epitaxial growth;  nanostructure;  self-assembly;  Templated growth},
keywords={Digital storage;  Epitaxial growth;  Magnetic recording;  Metals;  Nanostructures;  Self assembly, Amorphous metals;  Bit-patterned media;  Directed growth;  Grain nucleation;  Hard Disk Drive;  Magnetic recording media;  Perpendicular magnetic recording media;  Templated growth, Hard disk storage},
references={Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C., Faisal, M., Leung, C., Pong, P., Liu, K., Wong, W., (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 1034-1040; McDaniel, T., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, pp. R315-R332; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T., (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Cheng, J., Sanders, D., Truong, H., Harrer, S., Friz, A., Holmes, S., Colburn, M., Hinsberg, W., (2010) ACS Nano, 4, pp. 4815-4823; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 526-530; Albrecht, T., Arora, H., Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V., Beaujour, J., Bedau, D., Berman, D., Bogdanov, A., Yang, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, pp. 1-42; Albrecht, T., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778; Gurney, B., Kercher, D., Lam, A., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M., Takano, K., Wang, S., Zhu, Q., (2014) Method for Making A Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Disk with Template Layer Formed of Nanoparticles Embedded in A Polymer Material, , US20140231383 A1; Hoinville, J., Bewick, A., Gleeson, D., Jones, R., Kasyutich, O., Mayes, E., Nartowski, A., Wong, K., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 7187-7189; Navas, D., Bi, L., Adeyeye, A.O., Ross, C.A., (2015) Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2, p. 1400551; Hogg, R.C., Picard, N.Y., Narasimhan, A., Bain, A.J., Majetich, A.S., (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, p. 085303; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, J.D., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 172508; Sundar, V., Zhu, J., Laughlin, D., Zhu, J., (2014) Nano Lett., 14, pp. 1609-1613; Lubarda, M., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Fullerton, E., Lomakin, V., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 18-25; Obukhov, Y., Jubert, P., Bedau, D., Grobis, M., (2016) IEEE Trans. Magn., 52, pp. 1-9; Donald, S., (1995) Thin-Film Deposition: Principles and Practice, , McGraw Hill Professional: New York; Yang, E., Gurney, B., (2014) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Disk with Patterned Servo Regions and Templated Growth Method for Making the Disk, , US8824084 B1},
correspondence_address1={Yang, E.; HGST, United States; email: en.yang@hgst.com},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={15306984},
coden={NALEF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nano Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kovacs2016,
author={Kovacs, A. and Oezelt, H. and Schabes, M.E. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Numerical optimization of writer and media for bit patterned magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={120},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.4954888},
art_number={013902},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977624198&doi=10.1063%2f1.4954888&partnerID=40&md5=0eab21021a3d3b75199588991aec327e},
affiliation={Center for Integrated Sensor Systems, Danube University Krems, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria; Spin Transfer Technologies, 45500 Northport Loop West, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={In this work, we present a micromagnetic study of the performance potential of bit-patterned (BP) magnetic recording media via joint optimization of the design of the media and of the magnetic write heads. Because the design space is large and complex, we developed a novel computational framework suitable for parallel implementation on compute clusters. Our technique combines advanced global optimization algorithms and finite-element micromagnetic solvers. Targeting data bit densities of 4 Tb/in2, we optimize designs for centered, staggered, and shingled BP writing. The magnetization dynamics of the switching of the exchange-coupled composite BP islands of the media is treated micromagnetically. Our simulation framework takes into account not only the dynamics of on-track errors but also the thermally induced adjacent-track erasure. With co-optimized write heads, the results show superior performance of shingled BP magnetic recording where we identify two particular designs achieving write bit-error rates of 1.5×10-8 and 8.4×10-8, respectively. A detailed description of the key design features of these designs is provided and contrasted with centered and staggered BP designs which yielded write bit error rates of only 2.8×10-3 (centered design) and 1.7×10-2 (staggered design) even under optimized conditions. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Algorithms;  Bit error rate;  Errors;  Global optimization;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Optimization, Adjacent track erasure;  Computational framework;  Global optimization algorithm;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetization dynamics;  Numerical optimizations;  Parallel implementations;  Performance potentials, Design},
funding_details={Association of Science-Technology CentersAssociation of Science-Technology Centers, ASTC},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, I821},
funding_text 1={We acknowledge the financial support from ASTC/IDEMA, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF Project No. I821), and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF Grant No. MA14-044).},
references={Richter, H.J., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2790; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 26; Dong, Y., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2822; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Bashir, M., Schrefl, T., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Allwood, D., Suess, D., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 269; Fukuda, H., Nakatani, Y., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 3895; Kovacs, A., Oezelt, H., Bance, S., Fischbacher, J., Gusenbauer, M., Reichel, F., Exl, L., Schabes, M., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B704; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423; Dean, J., Bashir, M.A., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Schrefl, T., Cazacu, A., Suess, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Jones, D., Schonlau, M., Welch, W., (1998) J. Global Optim., 13, p. 455; Adams, B.M., Ebeida, M.S., Eldred, M.S., Jakeman, J.D., Swiler, L.P., Stephens, J.A., Vigil, D.M., Wildey, T.M., (2015) Sandia Technical Report SAND2014-4633; Damblin, G., Couplet, M., Iooss, B., (2013) J. Simulation, 7 (4), pp. 276-289; Park, J.S., (1994) J. Stat. Plann. Inference, 39, p. 95; (2016), http://www.salome-platform.org, (accessed February 07); (2016), http://www.hpfem.jku.at/netgen/, (accessed February 07); Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3064; Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103; Tsiantos, V.D., Schrefl, T., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 8576},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima2016,
author={Oshima, D. and Tanimoto, M. and Kato, T. and Fujiwara, Y. and Nakamura, T. and Kotani, Y. and Tsunashima, S. and Iwata, S.},
title={Ion Irradiation-Induced Magnetic Transition of MnGa Alloy Films Studied by X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Low-Temperature Hysteresis Loops},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2016.2527050},
art_number={7401048},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977156227&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2016.2527050&partnerID=40&md5=d6f2982efbd13f7963f2af147452ccfe},
affiliation={Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Physics Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan; Department of Research, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-0819, Japan},
abstract={The ion irradiation-induced magnetic transition of L10-MnGa alloy films was studied in detail by measuring X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and the temperature dependence of their hysteresis loops. The XMCD of (001)-oriented MnGa films exhibited different spectral shapes depending on whether magnetization was parallel or perpendicular to the film plane; that is considered to be the origin of the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the L10-MnGa. The anisotropy of XMCD spectra was not influenced by the ion irradiation to the MnGa, while the intensity of the XMCD signal decreased with increasing ion dose. From the measurement of hysteresis loops at low temperature, the significant increase of coercivity Hc in the ion-irradiated MnGa was found by lowering the temperature, while only a slight increase of Hc was observed in the as-prepared MnGa. These results suggest that the ion-irradiated MnGa film has a composite structure of L10-ordered MnGa nanocrystals separated by an A1-disordered MnGa matrix, and that increasing the ion dose results in an increase in the volume ratio of A1-MnGa to L10-MnGa in the film. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  ion irradiation;  MnGa;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Dichroism;  Hysteresis;  Hysteresis loops;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Metallic films;  Nanocomposite films;  Spectroscopy;  Temperature;  Temperature distribution, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Low temperatures;  Magnetic transitions;  MnGa;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Spectral shapes;  Temperature dependence;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, Gallium alloys},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16H04328, 26289102},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Chappert, C., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922; Terris, B.D., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferrê, J., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by e-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Gaur, N., Lateral displacement induced disorder in L10-FePt nanostructures by ion-implantation (2013) Sci. Rep., 3. , May; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (5), p. 053908; Oshima, D., Modifications of structure and magnetic properties of L10 MnAl and MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (12). , Dec; Kato, T., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7), p. 07C117; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Observation of ferrinonmagnetic boundary in CrPt3 line-and-space patterned media using a dark-field transmission electron microscope (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (8), pp. 1617-1621; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of magnetic properties of MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation for application to bit patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3608-3611. , Jul; Carr, W.J., Jr., Temperature dependence of ferromagnetic anisotropy (1958) Phys. Rev., 109, pp. 1971-1976. , Mar; Callen, E.R., Callen, H.B., Anisotropic magnetization (1960) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 16, pp. 310-328. , Nov; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., Chemical-order-dependent magnetic anisotropy and exchange stiffness constant of FePt (001) epitaxial films (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 024413. , Jul; Thole, B.T., Carra, P., Sette, F., Vander Laan, G., X-ray circular dichroism as a probe of orbital magnetization (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, pp. 1943-1946. , Mar; Carra, P., Thole, B.T., Altarelli, M., Wang, X., X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, pp. 694-697. , Feb; Teramura, Y., Tanaka, A., Jo, T., Effect of Coulomb interaction on the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spin sum rule in 3 d transition elements (1996) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 65 (4), pp. 1053-1055; Bruno, P., Tight-binding approach to the orbital magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of transition-metal monolayers (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, pp. 865-868. , Jan; Kotsugi, M., Origin of strong magnetic anisotropy in L10-FeNi probed by angular-dependent magnetic circular dichroism (2013) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 326, pp. 235-239. , Jan; Kota, Y., Sakuma, A., Relationship between magnetocrystalline anisotropy and orbital magnetic moment in L10-type ordered and disordered alloys (2012) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 81, p. 084705. , Jun; Sharrock, M.P., Time dependence of switching fields in magnetic recording media (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 6413-6418; Peng, Q., Richter, H.J., Field sweep rate dependence of media dynamic coercivity (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2446-2448. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Oshima, D.; Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Japan; email: oshima@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2016,
author={Wang, Y. and Kumar, B.V.K.V.},
title={Multi-Track Joint Detection for Shingled Magnetic Recording on Bit Patterned Media with 2-D Sectors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2511721},
art_number={7364248},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977100215&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2511721&partnerID=40&md5=c195e86425037b3460307a1dbb249136},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={Shingled writing on bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising technology to further increase the areal density beyond 1 Tbit/in2 without drastic changes in writer design. In this paper, a shingled writer is modeled for writing a 2-D sector on BPM, and in particular, we investigate the potential benefit of leaving the last track in the 2-D sector untrimmed, making it fatter than the other tracks in that 2-D sector. During detection, the more reliable information from the last untrimmed (i.e., the fat) track is used as a priori information for detecting the data in the other tracks in that 2-D sector. The simulation results indicate that for 2-D sector with ten tracks (at 3.64 Tbits/in2 channel bit density) and 5% media noise and at a target bit error rate of 10-3, using the fat track information, 2-D equalizer +2-D target + symbol-based pattern-dependent noise-predictive detector detecting a single track can provide about 2.9 dB SNR gain compared with that with the same joint detection method using uniform tracks at the same areal density. However, the latency increases due to the decision feedback detection. We can reduce this latency penalty by detecting three tracks at a time, but the SNR gain then reduces to 0.9 dB. © 2016 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Signal to noise ratio, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Decision feedback detection;  Latency increase;  Pattern-dependent noise;  Potential benefits;  Priori information;  Shingled magnetic recordings, Bit error rate},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the CMU-SYSU Collaborative Innovation Research Center.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Chan, K.S., Channel models and detectors for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 804-811. , Mar; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Masaaki, F., Iterative multi-track ITI canceller for nonbinary-LDPCcoded two-dimensional magnetic recording (2012) IEICE Trans. Electron., E95-C (1), pp. 163-171. , Jan; Wu, Y., O'Sullivan, J.A., Singla, N., Indeck, R.S., Iterative detection and decoding for separable two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 2115-2120. , Jul; Chen, Y., Njeim, P., Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Iterative soft decision feedback zig-zag equalizer for 2D intersymbol interference channels (2010) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 28 (2), pp. 167-180. , Feb; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3; Ozaki, K., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., ITI canceller for reading shingle-recorded tracks (2010) Phys. Procedia, 16, pp. 83-87. , May; Okamoto, Y., Ozaki, K., Yamashita, M., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of ITI canceller using granular medium model (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3570-3573. , Oct; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., 2-D write/read channel model for bit-patterned media recording with large media noise (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (12). , Dec; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signaldependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 19 (4), pp. 730-743. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Kumar, B.V.K.V.; Data Storage Systems Center, United States; email: yaowang@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greaves2016,
author={Greaves, S.J. and Kanai, Y. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording on Dual-Thickness and Dual-Layer Bit-Patterned Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2506171},
art_number={7348704},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976866445&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2506171&partnerID=40&md5=000c1e11fdfc3ddbec04e17bb2fd3580},
affiliation={Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={This paper describes how microwave-assisted magnetic recording can be used to reduce adjacent track erasure and increase areal density in dual-thickness and dual-layer bit-patterned media. By tuning the high-frequency magnetic field, selective switching of dots in different layers or dots with different thicknesses can be achieved. Offsetting arrays of dots in different layers makes it easier to detect the signal from each layer, and areal densities of 5 Tb/in2, or more, may be possible. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  micromagnetics;  microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR)},
keywords={Magnetism, Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  High-frequency magnetic field;  Micromagnetics;  Microwave assisted magnetic recordings;  Microwave assisted magnetic recordings (MAMR);  Selective switching, Magnetic recording},
references={Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Winkler, G., Microwave-assisted three-dimensional multilayer magnetic recording (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (23), pp. 2325011-2325013; Greaves, S., Katayama, T., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., The dynamics of microwave-assisted magnetic recording IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (4). , Apr. 2015; Rivkin, K., Benakli, M., Tabat, N., Yin, H., Physical principles of microwave assisted magnetic recording (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115 (21), pp. 2143121-21431212; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.J.; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jpb},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vogler2016,
author={Vogler, C. and Abert, C. and Bruckner, F. and Suess, D. and Praetorius, D.},
title={Areal density optimizations for heat-assisted magnetic recording of high-density media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={119},
number={22},
doi={10.1063/1.4953390},
art_number={223903},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974824022&doi=10.1063%2f1.4953390&partnerID=40&md5=43f7bace390f250cef5bcb81d33d6d42},
affiliation={Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Magnetic Sensing and Materials, Institute for Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria},
abstract={Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is hoped to be the future recording technique for high-density storage devices. Nevertheless, there exist several realization strategies. With a coarse-grained Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch model, we investigate in detail the benefits and disadvantages of a continuous and pulsed laser spot recording of shingled and conventional bit-patterned media. Additionally, we compare single-phase grains and bits having a bilayer structure with graded Curie temperature, consisting of a hard magnetic layer with high TC and a soft magnetic one with low TC, respectively. To describe the whole write process as realistically as possible, a distribution of the grain sizes and Curie temperatures, a displacement jitter of the head, and the bit positions are considered. For all these cases, we calculate bit error rates of various grain patterns, temperatures, and write head positions to optimize the achievable areal storage density. Within our analysis, shingled HAMR with a continuous laser pulse moving over the medium reaches the best results and thus has the highest potential to become the next-generation storage device. © 2016 Author(s).},
keywords={Curie temperature;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Pulsed lasers;  Virtual storage, Areal densities;  Bi-layer structure;  Bit-patterned media;  Continuous lasers;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz;  Magnetic layers;  Storage densities, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und EntwicklungÖsterreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung},
funding_details={Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and YouthAustrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth, BMWFJ},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, F4112 SFB ViCoM, I2214-N20},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under grant No. MA14-044, the Advanced Storage Technology Consortium (ASTC), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under Grant Nos. F4112 SFB ViCoM and I2214-N20 for financial support. The support from the CD-laboratory AMSEN (financed by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth, the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development) is acknowledged. The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).},
references={Mee, C., Fan, G., (1967) IEEE Trans. Magn., 3, p. 72; Lewicki, G.W., Guisinger, J.E., (1969), U. S. patent US3,626,114 (10 March); Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, M., Machida, H., Yano, T., Hwang, U.M., (1984), U.S. patent JPS57,113,402 (5 January); Rottmayer, R., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Kryder, M., Gage, E., McDaniel, T., Challener, W., Rottmayer, R., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Garanin, D.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 3050; Garanin, D.A., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74; Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77; Schieback, C., Hinzke, D., Kläui, M., Nowak, U., Nielaba, P., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80; Bunce, C., Wu, J., Ju, G., Lu, B., Hinzke, D., Kazantseva, N., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85; McDaniel, T.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 1794; Mendil, J., Nieves, P., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Walowski, J., Santos, T., Pisana, S., Münzenberg, M., (2014) Sci. Rep., 4; Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., (2014) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 26; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90; Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 765; Zhu, J.-G.J., Li, H., (2015) IEEE Magn. Lett., 6, p. 1; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fähler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87; Suess, D., Fuger, M., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Windl, R., Palmesi, P., Buder, A., Vogler, C., (2016) Sci. Rep., 6, p. 27048; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108; Wang, Y., Victora, R., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 5208},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ünal2016,
author={Ünal, A.A. and Valencia, S. and Radu, F. and Marchenko, D. and Merazzo, K.J. and Vázquez, M. and Sánchez-Barriga, J.},
title={Ferrimagnetic DyCo5 Nanostructures for Bits in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording},
journal={Physical Review Applied},
year={2016},
volume={5},
number={6},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevApplied.5.064007},
art_number={064007},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979650386&doi=10.1103%2fPhysRevApplied.5.064007&partnerID=40&md5=4282ca84290278041fd7c907cb791fbe},
affiliation={Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain},
abstract={Increasing the magnetic data recording density requires reducing the size of the individual memory elements of a recording layer as well as employing magnetic materials with temperature-dependent functionalities. Therefore, we predict that the near future of magnetic data storage technology involves a combination of energy-assisted recording on nanometer-scale magnetic media. We present the potential of heat-assisted magnetic recording on a patterned sample; a ferrimagnetic alloy composed of a rare-earth and a transition metal DyCo5, which is grown on a hexagonal-ordered nanohole array membrane. The magnetization of the antidot array sample is out-of-plane oriented at room temperature and rotates towards in plane upon heating above its magnetic anisotropy reorientation temperature (TR) of 350 K, just above room temperature. Upon cooling back to room temperature (below TR), we observe a well-defined and unexpected in-plane magnetic domain configuration modulating with 45 nm. We discuss the underlying mechanisms giving rise to this behavior by comparing the magnetic properties of the patterned sample with the ones of its extended thin-film counterpart. Our results pave the way for future applications of ferrimagnetic antidot arrays of superior functionality in magnetic nanodevices near room temperature. © 2016 American Physical Society.},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Digital storage;  Dysprosium alloys;  Ferrimagnetism;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Rare earths;  Transition metals, Domain configurations;  Extended thin film;  Future applications;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Magnetic nanodevices;  Near room temperature;  Recording layers;  Temperature dependent, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO},
funding_text 1={gratefully acknowledge the support from MINECO under Project No.MAT2013-48054-C2-1-R.},
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Phys., 85, p. 5828; Stamps, R.L., Breitkreutz, S., Kerman, J., Chumak, A.V., Otani, Y., Bauer, G.E.W., Thiele, J.-U., Hillebrands, B., The 2014 magnetism roadmap (2014) J. Phys. D, 47, p. 333001; Bennemann, K., Magnetic nanostructures (2010) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 22, p. 243201; Molina-Ruiz, M., Lopeandía, A.F., Pi, F., Givord, D., Bourgeois, O., Rodríguez-Viejo, J., Evidence of finite-size effect on the Néel temperature in ultrathin layers of CoO nanograins (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 83, p. 140407R; Sander, D., The magnetic anisotropy and spin reorientation of nanostructures and nanoscale films (2004) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 16, p. R603; Desvaux, C., Amiens, C., Fejes, P., Renaud, P., Respaud, M., Lecante, P., Snoeck, E., Chaudret, B., Multimillimetre-large superlattices of air-stable iron-cobalt nanoparticles (2005) Nat. Mater., 4, p. 750; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., Ordered magnetic nanostructures: Fabrication and properties (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449; Yin, A.J., Li, J., Jian, W., Bennett, A.J., Xu, J.M., Fabrication of highly ordered metallic nanowire arrays by electrodeposition (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1039; Sánchez-Barriga, J., Lucas, M., Radu, F., Martin, E., Multigner, M., Marin, P., Hernando, A., Rivero, G., Interplay between the magnetic anisotropy contributions of cobalt nanowires (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 184424; Sánchez-Barriga, J., Lucas, M., Rivero, G., Marin, P., Hernando, A., Magnetoelectrolysis of Co nanowire arrays grown in a track-etched polycarbonate membrane (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 312, p. 99; Xiao, Z.L., Han, C.Y., Welp, U., Wang, H.H., Vlasko-Vlasko, V.K., Kwok, W.K., Millar, D.J., Crabtree, G.W., Nickel antidot arrays on anodic alumina substrates (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2869; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Weller, D., Mosendz, O., Parker, G., Pisana, S., Santos, T.S., (Equation presented) FePtXY media for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210, p. 1245; McDaniel, T.W., Areal density limitation in bit-patterned, heat-assisted magnetic recording using FePtX media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 093920; Radu, F., (2015), U.S. Patent No. 14,383,131 (12 Mar); Radu, F., Abrudan, R., Radu, I., Schmitz, D., Zabel, H., Perpendicular exchange bias in ferrimagnetic spin valves (2012) Nat. Commun., 3, p. 715; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Tsushima, T.A., Ohokoshi, M.B., Spin reorientation in (Equation presented) (1983) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 31, p. 197; Vázquez, M., Pirota, K.R., Navas, D., Asenjo, A., Hernández-Vélez, M., Prieto, P., Sanz, J.M., Ordered magnetic nanohole and antidot arrays prepared through replication from anodic alumina templates (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 1978; Masuda, H., Fukuda, K., Ordered metal nanohole arrays made by a two-step replication of honeycomb structures of anodic alumina (1995) Science, 268, p. 1466; Li, A., Müller, F., Birner, A., Nielsch, K., Gösele, U., Fabrication and microstructuring of hexagonally ordered two-dimensional nanopore arrays in anodic alumina (1999) Adv. Mater., 11, p. 483; Merazzo, K.J., Castán-Guerrero, C., Herrero-Albillos, J., Kronast, F., Bartolomé, F., Bartolomé, J., Sesé, J., Vázquez, M., X-ray photoemission electron microscopy studies of local magnetization in Py antidot array thin films (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 184427; Merazzo, K.J., Del Real, R.P., Asenjo, A., Vázquez, M., Dependence of magnetization process on thickness of permalloy antidot arrays (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 07B906; Ruiz-Feal, I., Lopez-Diaz, L., Hirohata, A., Rothman, J., Guertler, C.M., Bland, J.A.C., Garcia, L.M., Chen, Y., Geometric coercivity scaling in magnetic thin film antidot arrays (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 242-245, p. 597; Abrudan, R., Brüssing, F., Salikhov, R., Meermann, J., Radu, I., Ryll, H., Radu, F., Zabel, H., ALICE - An advanced reflectometer for static and dynamic experiments in magnetism at synchrotron radiation facilities (2015) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 86, p. 063902; Kronast, F., Schlichting, J., Radu, F., Mishra, S.K., Noll, T., Dürr, H.A., Spin-resolved photoemission microscopy and magnetic imaging in applied magnetic fields (2010) Surf. Interface Anal., 42, p. 1532; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999), oommf, Version 1.0, in, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Interagency Report No. NISTIR 6376; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered (Equation presented) (Equation presented) films (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6595; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T.C., Poon, C.C., Balamane, H., Boone, T.D., Katine, J.A., Li, J.-L., Terris, B.D., Magnetic recording at (Equation presented) using an integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Nat. Photonics, 4, p. 484},
correspondence_address1={Sánchez-Barriga, J.; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Germany; email: jaime.sanchez-barriga@helmholtz-berlin.de},
publisher={American Physical Society},
issn={23317019},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Rev. Appl.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Watanabe2016,
author={Watanabe, T. and Taniguchi, K. and Suzuki, K. and Iyama, H. and Kishimoto, S. and Sato, T. and Kobayashi, H.},
title={Nanohole and dot patterning processes on quartz substrate by R-electron beam lithography and nanoimprinting},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2016},
volume={55},
number={6},
doi={10.7567/JJAP.55.06GM03},
art_number={06GM03},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974573786&doi=10.7567%2fJJAP.55.06GM03&partnerID=40&md5=632ea676107ca209f67d06b5eeb52173},
affiliation={Blanks Division, HOYA Corporation, Hokuto, Yamanashi, 408-8550, Japan},
abstract={Fine hole and dot patterns with bit pitches (bp's) of less than 40nm were fabricated in the circular band area of a quartz substrate by R-electron beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), and nanoimprinting. These patterning processes were studied to obtain minimum pitch sizes of hole and dot patterns without pattern collapse. The patterning on the circular band was aimed to apply these patterning processes to future highdensity bit-patterned media (BPM) for hard disk drive (HDD) and permanent memory for the long life archiving of digital data. In hole patterning, a minimum-22-nm-bp and 8.2-nm-diameter pattern (1.3 Tbit/in.2) was obtained on a quartz substrate by optimizing the R-EBL and RIE processes. Dot patterns were replicated on another quartz substrate by nanoimprinting using a hole-patterned quartz substrate as a master mold followed by RIE. In dot patterning, a minimum-30-nm-bp and 18.5-nm-diameter pattern (0.7 Tbit/in.2) was obtained by introducing new descum conditions. It was observed that the minimum bp of successful patterning increased as the fabrication process proceeded, i.e., from 20nmbp in the first EBL process to 30 nmbp in the last quartz dot patterning process. From the measured diameters of the patterns, it was revealed that pattern collapse was apt to occur when the value of average diameter plus 3 sigma of diameter was close to the bp. It was suggested that multiple fabrication processes caused the degradation of pattern quality; therefore, hole patterning is more suitable than dot patterning for future applications owing to the lower quality degradation by its simple fabrication process. © 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Fabrication;  Hard disk storage;  Molds;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Reactive ion etching, Average diameter;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Fabrication process;  Future applications;  Pattern collapse;  Patterning process;  Quality degradation;  Quartz substrate, Quartz},
references={http://www.idema.org/page_id=5868, ASTS Technology Roadmap 2014 v8; Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olson, T., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1711; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 3114; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4129; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 15, p. 2897; Matsui, S., Igaku, Y., Ishigaki, H., Fujita, J., Ishida, M., Ochiai, Y., Komuro, M., Hiroshima, H., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 19, p. 2801; Yoneda, I., Mikami, S., Ota, T., Koshida, T., Ito, M., Nakasugi, T., Higashiki, T., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692104; Higashiki, T., Nakasugi, T., Yoneda, I., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, p. 797003; Nakasugi, T., Kono, T., Yoneda, I., (2012) Toshiba Rev., 67, p. 41. , [in Japanese]; Higashiki, T., Onishi, Y., (2012) Toshiba Rev., 67, p. 2. , [in Japanese]; Shefter, M., Maltz, A., (2007) The Digital Dilemma, p. 2. , The Science and Technology Council of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA; Glezer, E.N., Milosavljevic, M., Huang, L., Finlay, R.J., Her, T.-H., Callan, J.P., Mazur, E., (1996) Opt. Lett., 21, p. 2023; Shiozawa, M., Watanabe, T., Imai, R., Umeda, M., Mine, T., Shimotsuma, Y., Sakakura, M., Watanabe, K., (2014) J. Laser Micro/Nanoeng., 9, p. 1; Imai, R., Shiozawa, M., Shintani, T., Watanabe, T., Mori, S., Shimotsuma, Y., Sakakura, M., Watanabe, K., (2015) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 54, p. 9MC02; Yuxiang, Y., Miura, N., Imai, S., Ochi, H., Kuroda, T., (2009) IEEE Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Pap., p. 26; Yoshitake, S., Sunaoshi, H., Yasui, K., Kobayashi, H., Sato, T., Nagarekawa, O., Thompson, E., Resnick, D.J., (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6730, p. 67300E; Sasaki, S., Hiraka, T., Mizoguchi, J., Fujii, A., Sakai, Y., Sutou, T., Yusa, S., Hayashi, N., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7122, p. 71223P; Inazuki, Y., Itoh, K., Hatakeyama, S., Kojima, K., Kurihara, M., Morikawa, Y., Mohri, H., Hayashi, N., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7122, p. 71223Q; Hiraka, T., Mizuochi, J., Nakanishi, Y., Yasu, S., Sasaki, S., Morikawa, Y., Mohri, H., Hayashi, N., (2009) Proc. SPIE, 7379, p. 73792S; Iyama, H., Hamamoto, K., Kishimoto, S., Nakano, M., Kagatsume, T., Sato, T., Kobayashi, H., Watanabe, T., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7748, p. 77481Z; Kobayashi, H., Iyama, H., Kagatsume, T., Watanabe, T., (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8522, p. 852208; Kobayashi, H., Iyama, H., Kagatsume, T., Sato, T., Kishimoto, S., Watanabe, T., (2013) Proc. SPIE, 8880, p. 88802E; Watanabe, T., Suzuki, K., Iyama, H., Kagatsume, T., Kishimoto, S., Sato, T., Kobayashi, H., (2014) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 53, p. 6JK05; http://www.zeonchemical.com/pdfs/ZEP520A.pdf, ZEP520A Tech. Rep; Thompson, E., Rhyins, P., Voisin, R., Sreenivasan, S.V., Martin, P., (2003) Proc. SPIE, 5037, p. 1019; Selinidis, K., Thompson, E., Schmid, G., Stacey, N., Perez, J., Maltabes, J., Resnick, D.J., Eynon, B., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7028, p. 70280R; Schmid, G., Khusnatdinov, N., Brooks, C.B., LaBrake, D., Thompson, E., Resnick, D.J., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692109; Brooks, C., Selinidis, K., Doyle, G., Brown, L., LaBrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7823, p. 78230O; Selinidis, K., Jones, C., Doyle, G.F., Brown, L., Imhof, J., LaBrake, D.L., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 8166, p. 816627},
publisher={Japan Society of Applied Physics},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suess2016,
author={Suess, D. and Fuger, M. and Abert, C. and Bruckner, F. and Vogler, C.},
title={Superior bit error rate and jitter due to improved switching field distribution in exchange spring magnetic recording media},
journal={Scientific Reports},
year={2016},
volume={6},
doi={10.1038/srep27048},
art_number={27048},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973375403&doi=10.1038%2fsrep27048&partnerID=40&md5=5009423efd09dbee1d75222be3b08e09},
affiliation={Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Magnetic Sensing and Materials, Institute for Solid State Physics, TU - Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Institute for Solid State Physics, TU - Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria},
abstract={We report two effects that lead to a significant reduction of the switching field distribution in exchange spring media. The first effect relies on a subtle mechanism of the interplay between exchange coupling between soft and hard layers and anisotropy that allows significant reduction of the switching field distribution in exchange spring media. This effect reduces the switching field distribution by about 30% compared to single-phase media. A second effect is that due to the improved thermal stability of exchange spring media over single-phase media, the jitter due to thermal fluctuation is significantly smaller for exchange spring media than for single-phase media. The influence of this overall improved switching field distribution on the transition jitter in granular recording and the bit error rate in bit-patterned magnetic recording is discussed. The transition jitter in granular recording for a distribution of Khard values of 3% in the hard layer, taking into account thermal fluctuations during recording, is estimated to be a = 0.78 nm, which is similar to the best reported calculated jitter in optimized heat-assisted recording media.},
keywords={anisotropy;  spring;  thermostability},
references={Suess, D., Fundamental limits in heat-assisted magnetic recording and methods to overcome it with exchange spring structures (2015) J. Appl. Phys., 117, p. 163913; Wang, X., Gao, K.-Z., Hohlfeld, J., Seigler, M., Switching field distribution and transition width in energy assisted magnetic recording (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 102502; Suess, D., Exchange spring recording media for areal densities up to 10 Tbit/in(2) (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290, pp. 551-554; Kondorsky, E., On hysteresis in ferromagnetics (1940) J PhysUSSR, 2, pp. 161-181; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) Magn. IEEE Trans. on, 41, pp. 537-542; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3181-3186; Wang, J.-P., Composite media (dynamic tilted media) for magnetic recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 142504; Wang, J.P., Shen, W., Hong, S.Y., Fabrication and characterization of exchange coupled composite media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 682-686; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Exchange-coupled perpendicular media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 545-554; Hauet, T., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504; Berger, A., Improved media performance in optimally coupled exchange spring layer media (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 122502; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105; Wang, H., Zhao, H., Ugurlu, O., Wang, J.P., Spontaneously Formed FePt Graded Granular Media with a Large Gain Factor (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3, p. 4500104; Goll, D., Breitling, A., Gu, L., Van Aken, P.A., Sigle, W., Experimental realization of graded L1(0)-FePt/Fe composite media with perpendicular magnetization (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 083903; Zhou, T.-J., Lim, B.C., Liu, B., Anisotropy graded FePt-TiO2 nanocomposite thin films with small grain size (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 152505; Alexandrakis, V., Magnetic properties of graded A1/L1(0) films obtained by heat treatment of FePt/CoPt multilayers (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 013903; Wang, J., Magnetization reversal of FePt based exchange coupled composite media (2016) Acta Mater., 111, pp. 47-55; Jung, H.S., CoCrPtO-Based granular composite perpendicular recording media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2088-2090; Jung, H.S., Velu, E.M.T., Malhotra, S.S., Bertero, G., Kwon, U., Comparison of media properties between hard/soft stacked composite and capping layer perpendicular recording media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 3151-3156; Suess, D., Fidler, J., Zimanyi, G., Schrefl, T., Visscher, P., Thermal stability of graded exchange spring media under the influence of external fields (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 173111; Oates, C.J., High field ferromagnetic resonance measurements of the anisotropy field of longitudinal recording thin-film media (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 1417-1422; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, pp. 183-197; Lee, J., FePt L1(0)/A1 graded media with a rough interphase boundary (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 222501; Breth, L., Thermal switching field distribution of a single domain particle for field-dependent attempt frequency (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 023903; Victora, R.H., Predicted time dependence of the switching field for magnetic materials (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, pp. 457-460; Suess, D., Reliability of Sharrocks equation for exchange spring bilayers (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430; Dittrich, R., A path method for finding energy barriers and minimum energy paths in complex micromagnetic systems (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, pp. L12-L19; Suess, D., Fuger, M., Bit patterned magnetic recording with and without heat assist (2013) ASTC Review Meeting, Santa Clara, , 26/9/2013; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., (2015) Areal Density Optimizations for Heat-assisted-magnetic Recording of High Density Bit-patterned Media, , ArXiv151203690 Cond-Mat; Ju, G., High Density Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Media and Advanced Characterization #x02014; Progress and Challenges (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, pp. 1-9; Fredkin, D.R., Koehler, T.R., Hybrid method for computing demagnetizing fields (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., 26, pp. 415-417; Suss, D., Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Chapman, J.N., Micromagnetic simulation of the long-range interaction between NiFe nanoelements using the BE-method (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 196, pp. 617-619; Forster, H., Schrefl, T., Dittrich, R., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Fast boundary methods for magnetostatic interactions in micromagnetics (2003) Ieee Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 2513-2515; Suess, D., Time resolved micromagnetics using a preconditioned time integration method (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 248, pp. 298-311; García-Palacios, J.L., Lázaro, F.J., Langevin-dynamics study of the dynamical properties of small magnetic particles (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, pp. 14937-14958; Lyberatos, A., Chantrell, R.W., Thermal fluctuations in a pair of magnetostatically coupled particles (1993) J. Appl. Phys., 73, p. 6501; Scholz, W., Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Micromagnetic simulation of thermally activated switching in fine particles (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 233, pp. 296-304; Tsiantos, V., Thermal fluctuations in magnetic sensor elements (2003) Sens. Actuators-Phys., 106, pp. 134-136},
correspondence_address1={Suess, D.; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Magnetic Sensing and Materials, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Austria; email: dieter.suess@tuwien.ac.at},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group},
issn={20452322},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wodarz2016330,
author={Wodarz, S. and Abe, J. and Homma, T.},
title={Analysis and Control of the Initial Electrodeposition Stages of Co-Pt Nanodot Arrays},
journal={Electrochimica Acta},
year={2016},
volume={197},
pages={330-335},
doi={10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.136},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949650418&doi=10.1016%2fj.electacta.2015.11.136&partnerID=40&md5=51509b8e291ec0012c8c00ea3bffe79f},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={We have fabricated Co-Pt nanodot arrays by combining electrodeposition with electron beam lithography (EBL) for applications in ultra-high density magnetic recording media, such as bit-patterned media (BPM). In this work, we analyzed the initial nucleation and growth of Co-Pt inside nanopores to achieve nanodot arrays with high deposition uniformity, as well as magnetic properties. At -900 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), multiple nuclei of 2.0-3.0 nm in size were randomly distributed, even in nanopores with a 10 nm diameter, which could result in a lack of uniformity in the magnetic properties. The number of nuclei was then reduced by applying a less negative potential (>-700 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) to deposit a single nucleus inside each nanopore. As a result, a single grain of 5.0-10 nm in size was successfully deposited inside the nanopore, which could induce uniform magnetic properties in each nanodot. In addition, at less negative potentials, the coercivity of the Co-Pt films increased, which was induced by the epitaxial-like growth of Co-Pt from the Ru substrate. Cross-sectional TEM analysis suggested that Co-Pt deposited with a less negative potential was single crystalline with uniform hcp lattice fringes in the direction perpendicular to the Ru interface, indicating the formation of highly uniform nanodot arrays with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  CoPt alloy;  Electrodeposition;  Initial deposition;  Nanodot array},
keywords={Deposition;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Electron beam lithography;  Epitaxial growth;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Nanopores;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum;  Silver;  Silver alloys, Analysis and controls;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  CoPt alloys;  Initial depositions;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nucleation and growth;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Cobalt},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25249104},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25249104.},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond, IEEE (2006) Trans Magn., 42, p. 2255; Lodder, J.C., Methods for preparing patterned media for high-density recording (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Ishizuka, S., Sugiyama, A., Mizuno, J., Osaka, T., Injection of synthesized FePt nanoparticles in hole-patterns for bit patterned media (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 303; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1483; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., Formation of a cobalt magnetic dot array via block copolymer lithography (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, p. 1174; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Kuno, T., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of CoPt bit patterned media: Towards a wetchemical, large-scale fabrication (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2224; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays by electrodeposition process (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3104; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of magnetic nanodot array using electrochemical deposition processes (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 8081; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Zana, I., Zangari, G., Shamsuzzoha, M., Enhancing the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co-Pt(P) films by epitaxial electrodeposition onto Cu(1 1 1) substrates (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 292, p. 266; Pattanaik, G., Weston, J., Zangari, G., Magnetic properties of Co-rich Co-Pt thin films electrodeposited on a Ru underlayer (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08E901; Homma, T., Wodarz, S., Nishiie, D., Otani, T., Ge, S., Zangari, G., Fabrication of FePt and CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays by electrodeposition process (2015) Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 64, p. 1; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1844; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Jeong, G.H., Lee, C.H., Jang, J.H., Park, N.J., Suh, S.J., The microstructure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co-Pt thin films on Ru buffer layer (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2985; Zana, I., Zangari, G., Electrodeposition of Co-Pt films with high perpendicular anisotropy (2003) Solid-State Lett, 6, p. C153; Romankiw, L.T., A path: From electroplating through lithographic masks in electronics to LIGA in MEMS (1997) Electrochim. Acta, 12, p. 2985; Wodarz, S., Otani, T., Hagiwara, H., Homma, T., Characterization of electrodeposited Co-Pt nanodot array at initial deposition stage (2015) Electrochem. Soc. Trans., 64, p. 99; Scharifker, B.R., Hills, G., Theoretical and experimental studies of multiple nucleation (1983) Electrochim. Acta, 28, p. 879; Scharifker, B.R., Mostany, J., Three-dimensional nucleation with diffusion controlled growth: Part I. Number density of active sites and nucleation rates per site (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem., 177, p. 13; Ustarroz, J., Ke, X., Hubin, A., Bals, S., Terryn, H., New insights into the early stages of nanoparticle electrodeposition (2012) J. Phys. Chem. C, 116, p. 2322},
correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={00134686},
coden={ELCAA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electrochim Acta},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gräfe2016,
author={Gräfe, J. and Weigand, M. and Träger, N. and Schütz, G. and Goering, E.J. and Skripnik, M. and Nowak, U. and Haering, F. and Ziemann, P. and Wiedwald, U.},
title={Geometric control of the magnetization reversal in antidot lattices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy},
journal={Physical Review B},
year={2016},
volume={93},
number={10},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104421},
art_number={104421},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962019569&doi=10.1103%2fPhysRevB.93.104421&partnerID=40&md5=a030f2579167128a2a5e78b4f22414e8},
affiliation={Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Physics, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Faculty of Physics, Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany},
abstract={While the magnetic properties of nanoscaled antidot lattices in in-plane magnetized materials have widely been investigated, much less is known about the microscopic effect of hexagonal antidot lattice patterning on materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. By using a combination of first-order reversal curve measurements, magnetic x-ray microscopy, and micromagnetic simulations we elucidate the microscopic origins of the switching field distributions that arise from the introduction of antidot lattices into out-of-plane magnetized GdFe thin films. Depending on the geometric parameters of the antidot lattice we find two regimes with different magnetization reversal processes. For small antidots, the reversal process is dominated by the exchange interaction and domain wall pinning at the antidots drives up the coercivity of the system. On the other hand, for large antidots the dipolar interaction is dominating which leads to fragmentation of the system into very small domains that can be envisaged as a basis for a bit patterned media. © 2016 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.},
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Phys., 7, p. 68; Gräfe, J., Haering, F., Tietze, T., Audehm, P., Weigand, M., Wiedwald, U., Ziemann, P., Goering, E.J., (2015) Nanotechnology, 26, p. 225203; Castano, F.J., Nielsch, K., Ross, C.A., Robinson, J.W.A., Krishnan, R., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 2872; Wang, C.C., Adeyeye, A.O., Singh, N., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, p. 1629; Haering, F., Wiedwald, U., Nothelfer, S., Koslowski, B., Ziemann, P., Lechner, L., Wallucks, A., Schütz, G., (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, p. 465709; Wang, C.C., Adeyeye, A.O., Wu, Y.H., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 94, p. 6644; Heyderman, L.J., Nolting, F., Backes, D., Czekaj, S., Lopez-Diaz, L., Kläui, M., Rüdiger, U., Fischer, P., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 214429; Ctistis, G., Papaioannou, E., Patoka, P., Gutek, J., Fumagalli, P., Giersig, M., (2009) Nano Lett., 9, p. 1; Béron, F., Pirota, K.R., Vega, V., Prida, V.M., Fernández, A., Hernando, B., Knobel, M., (2011) New J. Phys., 13, p. 013035; Gawroński, P., Merazzo, K.J., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Asenjo, A., Del Real, R.P., Vázquez, M., (2012) Europhys. Lett., 100, p. 17007; Merazzo, K.J., Castan-Guerrero, C., Herrero-Albillos, J., Kronast, F., Bartolome, F., Bartolome, J., Sese, J., Vazquez, M., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 184427; Proenca, M.P., Merazzo, K.J., Vivas, L.G., Leitao, D.C., Sousa, C.T., Ventura, J., Araujo, J.P., Vazquez, M., (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, p. 475703; Mallick, S., Bedanta, S., (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 382, p. 158; Gräfe, J., Weigand, M., Stahl, C., Träger, N., Kopp, M., Schütz, G., Goering, E.J., Wiedwald, U., (2016) Phys. Rev. B, 93, p. 014406; Tripathy, D., Adeyeye, A.O., (2011) New J. Phys., 13, p. 023035; Huang, Y.-C., Hsiao, J.-C., Liu, I.-Y., Wang, L.-W., Liao, J.-W., Lai, C.-H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B923; Béron, F., Carignan, L.-P., Ménard, D., Yelon, A., (2010) Electrodeposited Nanowires and Their Applications, , (Intech) Chap. Extracting Individual Properties from Global Behaviour: First-order Reversal Curve Method Applied to Magnetic Nanowire Arrays; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6660; Roberts, A.P., Pike, C.R., Verosub, K.L., (2000) J. Geophys. Res., [Solid Earth Planets], 105, p. 28461; Harrison, R.J., Feinberg, J.M., (2008) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 9, p. Q05016; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Bader, S.D., Zimányi, G.T., Liu, K., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 262503; Dobrotǎ, C.-I., Stancu, A., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113, p. 043928; Dobrotǎ, C.-I., Stancu, A., (2015) Physica B: Condensed Matter, 457, p. 280; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Denbeaux, G., Kortright, J.B., Liu, K., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 224434; Navas, D., Torrejon, J., Béron, F., Redondo, C., Batallan, F., Toperverg, B.P., Devishvili, A., Ross, C.A., (2012) New J. Phys., 14, p. 113001; Plettl, A., Enderle, F., Saitner, M., Manzke, A., Pfahler, C., Wiedemann, S., Ziemann, P., (2009) Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, p. 3279; Wiedwald, U., Haering, F., Nau, S., Schulze, C., Schletter, H., Makarov, D., Plettl, A., Ziemann, P., (2012) Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 3, p. 831; Amaladass, E., Ludescher, B., Schütz, G., Tyliszczak, T., Eimüller, T., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 172514; Davies, R., Edwards, D., Gräfe, J., Gilbert, L., Davies, P., Hutchings, G., Bowker, M., (2011) Surf. Sci., 605, p. 1754; Gräfe, J., Schmidt, M., Audehm, P., Schütz, G., Goering, E., (2014) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 85, p. 023901; Nolle, D., Weigand, M., Audehm, P., Goering, E., Wiesemann, U., Wolter, C., Nolle, E., Schütz, G., (2012) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 83, p. 046112; Rasband, W., (1997), http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/, ImageJ, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Thevenaz, P., Ruttimann, U.E., Unser, M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Image Process., 7, p. 27; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 184428; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014433; Skripnik, M., (2014) Controlling the Magnetic Structure in Antidot Arrays: A Numerical Study, , Master's thesis, University of Konstanz; Pike, C.R., Ross, C.A., Scalettar, R.T., Zimanyi, G., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 134407},
correspondence_address1={Gräfe, J.; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsGermany; email: graefe@is.mpg.de},
publisher={American Physical Society},
issn={24699950},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Rev. B},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Varvaro20161,
author={Varvaro, G. and Casoli, F.},
title={Ultra-high-density magnetic recording: Storage materials and media designs},
journal={Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording: Storage Materials and Media Designs},
year={2016},
pages={1-527},
doi={10.4032/9789814669597},
note={cited By 34},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008594833&doi=10.4032%2f9789814669597&partnerID=40&md5=05a23345e2da8c72d8a699f80f474e37},
affiliation={Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), 00015, Italy; IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, I-43124, Italy},
abstract={Today magnetic recording is still the leading technology for mass data storage. Its dominant role is being reinforced by the success of cloud computing, which requires storing and managing huge amounts of data on a multitude of servers. Nonetheless, the hard-disk storage industry is presently at a crossroads as the current magnetic recording technologies are unable of achieving densities beyond 1 Tbit/in2. Pushing the recording density in the terabit regime requires new storage materials, novel recording schemes, and media designs in order to solve signal-to-noise ratio, thermal stability, and writability issues. In this book, worldwide experts from universities, public research institutions, and industry collaborate to illustrate the most recent progresses in magnetic recording from the media perspective and to highlight the future prospects of the technology. Theoretical, experimental, and technological aspects are covered in a clear and comprehensive way, making the book a useful reference for final-year undergraduates, postgraduates, and research professionals in the magnetic recording area. The first two chapters introduce the fundamentals of magnetism and magnetic recording and are useful to guide the reader in the chapters that follow. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 focus on the materials for conventional perpendicular recording media, next-generation recording media, and exchange-coupled composite media. The most promising technologies for next-generation magnetic recording, i.e., energy assisted and bit-patterned recording, are extensively treated in chapters 6 and 7, while chapter 8 covers the techniques and protocols for magnetic characterization of recording media. Finally, chapter 9 gives an overview of the emerging classes of magnetic memories. © 2016 Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Characterization;  Digital storage;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Signal to noise ratio;  Societies and institutions;  Storage (materials), Exchange coupled composite media;  Future prospects;  Leading technology;  Magnetic characterization;  Perpendicular recording media;  Recording density;  Technological aspects;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic disk storage},
correspondence_address1={Varvaro, G.; Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Italy; email: gaspare.varvaro@ism.cnr.it},
publisher={Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.},
isbn={9789814669597; 9789814669580},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ultra-High-Density Magn. Rec.: Storage Mater. and Media Des.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Vogler2016,
author={Vogler, C. and Abert, C. and Bruckner, F. and Suess, D. and Praetorius, D.},
title={Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2016},
volume={108},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.4943629},
art_number={102406},
note={cited By 49},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961664701&doi=10.1063%2f1.4943629&partnerID=40&md5=b92a7de4db7d8f3e9272662bdd138c23},
affiliation={Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory of Advanced Magnetic Sensing and Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, 1040, Austria},
abstract={The limits of areal storage density that is achievable with heat-assisted magnetic recording are unknown. We addressed this central question and investigated the areal density of bit-patterned media. We analyzed the detailed switching behavior of a recording bit under various external conditions, allowing us to compute the bit error rate of a write process (shingled and conventional) for various grain spacings, write head positions, and write temperatures. Hence, we were able to optimize the areal density yielding values beyond 10 Tb/in2. Our model is based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation and uses hard magnetic recording grains with a 5-nm diameter and 10-nm height. It assumes a realistic distribution of the Curie temperature of the underlying material, grain size, as well as grain and head position. © 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bloch equation;  External conditions;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz;  Storage densities;  Switching behaviors, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und EntwicklungÖsterreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung},
funding_details={Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and YouthAustrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth, BMWFJ},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA14-044},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Grant No. MA14-044, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): F4112 SFB ViCoM, and the Advanced Storage Technology Consortium (ASTC) for financial support. Support from the CD-Laboratory AMSEN (financed by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth, the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development) is acknowledged. The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).},
references={Mayer, L., (1958) J. Appl. Phys., 29, p. 1003; Rausch, T., Trantham, J., Chu, A., Dakroub, H., Riddering, J., Henry, C., Kiely, J., Dykes, J., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 730; Rausch, T., Chu, A., Lu, P.-L., Puranam, S., Nagulapally, D., Lammers, T., Dykes, J., Gage, E., (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51, p. 1; Ju, G., Peng, Y., Chang, E.K.C., Ding, Y., Wu, A.Q., Zhu, X., Kubota, Y., Thiele, J.-U., (2015) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51 (11), p. 3201709; Mee, C., Fan, G., (1967) IEEE Trans. Magn., 3, p. 72; Lewicki, G.W., Guisinger, J.E., (1969), Patent No. (10 March); Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, M., Machida, H., Yano, T., Hwang, U.M., (1984), Patent No. (5 January); Rottmayer, R., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033909; Garanin, D.A., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 212409; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 094436; Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 232507; Kazantseva, N., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Atxitia, U., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 184428; Schieback, C., Hinzke, D., Kläui, M., Nowak, U., Nielaba, P., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 214403; Bunce, C., Wu, J., Ju, G., Lu, B., Hinzke, D., Kazantseva, N., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81, p. 174428; Evans, R.F.L., Hinzke, D., Atxitia, U., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014433; McDaniel, T.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 013914; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 1794; Mendil, J., Nieves, P., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Walowski, J., Santos, T., Pisana, S., Münzenberg, M., (2014) Sci. Rep., 4, p. 3980; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90, p. 214431; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., e-print arXiv:1512.03690 [cond-mat]; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 5208},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ji201676,
author={Ji, S. and Wan, L. and Liu, C.-C. and Nealey, P.F.},
title={Directed self-assembly of block copolymers on chemical patterns: A platform for nanofabrication},
journal={Progress in Polymer Science},
year={2016},
volume={54-55},
pages={76-127},
doi={10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.006},
note={cited By 162},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964067982&doi=10.1016%2fj.progpolymsci.2015.10.006&partnerID=40&md5=1dd03e6281f8724b1368d1d01ad94c45},
affiliation={Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China; HGST-A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA  95135, United States; IBM Albany NanoTech, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY  12203, United States; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5747 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL  60637, United States},
abstract={Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) on lithographically defined chemically nanopatterned surfaces (or chemical patterns) combines advantages of conventional photolithography and polymeric materials and shows promise for meeting a sufficiently inclusive set of manufacturing constraints for applications in semiconductors and data storage. DSA attracts attention from both academia and industry and tremendous progress has been achieved in the past decade. This review highlights the development of DSA with an emphasis on efforts toward the integration of block copolymer lithography into the current lithographic process for the fabrication of devices for integrated circuits and bit-patterned media. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Chemical pattern;  Directed self-assembly;  Nanofabrication;  Pattern transfer},
keywords={Digital storage;  Nanotechnology;  Photolithography;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Chemical pattern;  Directed self-assembly;  Pattern transfers, Block copolymers},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51173181, 51373166},
funding_details={Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences, CAS},
funding_text 1={We gratefully thank the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51173181 , 51373166 ) and “The Hundred Talents Program” from the Chinese Academy of Sciences .},
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correspondence_address1={Ji, S.; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, 5625 Renmin Street, China; email: sji@ciac.ac.cn},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
issn={00796700},
coden={PRPSB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Prog. Polym. Sci.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Briffa2016,
author={Briffa, J.A. and Buttigieg, V.},
title={A MAP Decoder for TVB Codes on a Generalized Iyengar-Siegel-Wolf BPMR Markov Channel Model},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2488585},
art_number={7294692},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962200743&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2488585&partnerID=40&md5=bd4b48cc04320695b63a1f228deedec5},
affiliation={Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, University of Malta, Msida, 2080, Malta},
abstract={We present a generalization of the Iyengar-Siegel-Wolf Markov channel model for bit-patterned media recording media to allow negative drift, and adapt the maximum a posteriori decoder for time-varying block codes to work on this generalized model while minimizing complexity. We also describe a method for designing near-optimal codes for this channel using simulated annealing, obtaining better performance than alternative designs. In concatenation with a (999, 888)16 low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, we achieve a frame error rate (FER) of 10-3 at a channel error rate that is 1.73× higher than the best result with existing designs. A simple extension to include substitution errors allows the channel to approximate the dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution (DIDS) channel, with a decoding complexity that is 10× lower than that of Wu and Armand's RC2 decoder. The performance in the absence of burst errors is almost identical. When the DIDS channel includes burst substitution errors, our decoder performs worse than the RC2 decoder, but maintains its complexity advantage. For the same concatenated code, our decoder achieves an FER of 10-3 at a channel error rate that is 1.68× lower than the RC2 decoder. Finally, simulation results show that our code designs improve on existing constructions for the DIDS channel. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  high-density magnetic recording;  insertion-deletion correction;  written-in errors},
keywords={Concatenated codes;  Decoding;  Errors;  Forward error correction;  Simulated annealing, Alternative designs;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  High-density magnetic recording;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Markov channel model;  Maximum a posteriori decoders;  Written-in errors, Channel coding},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Gallager, R.G., (1961) Sequential Decoding for Binary Channels with Noise and Synchronization Errors, , Lincoln Lab., Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Lexington, KY, USA, Tech. Rep.2502, Oct; Bahl, L.R., Jelinek, F., Decoding for channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions with applications to speech recognition (1975) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 21 (4), pp. 404-411. , Jul; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-Mackay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Joint and separate detection-decoding on BPMR channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (7), pp. 3779-3782. , Jul; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (1). , Jan., Art. ID; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Marker codes on BPMR write channel with data-dependent written-in errors (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (8). , Aug., Art. ID; Briffa, J.A., Buttigieg, V., Wesemeyer, S., Time-varying block codes for synchronisation errors: Maximum a posteriori decoder and practical issues (2014) IET J. Eng, , Jun; Van Laarhoven, P.J.M., Aarts, E.H.L., (1987) Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications (Mathematics and Its Applications), , Holland, MI, USA: Reidel; Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T., Flannery, B.P., (2007) Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, , 3rd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Briffa, J.A., Data Sets, , https://jabriffa.wordpress.com/publications/data-sets; Briffa, J.A., Wesemeyer, S., SimCommSys: Taking the errors out of error-correcting code simulations (2014) J. Eng, , Jun; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Ratzer, E.A., Marker codes for channels with insertions and deletions (2005) Ann. Telecommun, 60 (1), pp. 29-44. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Briffa, J.A.; Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Malta; email: johann.briffa@um.edu.mt},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Obukhov2016,
author={Obukhov, Y. and Jubert, P.-O. and Bedau, D. and Grobis, M.},
title={2-D Decoding Algorithms and Recording Techniques for Bit Patterned Media Feasibility Demonstrations},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2492475},
art_number={7300444},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962174302&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2492475&partnerID=40&md5=ad3a81c638b3e689a2afb3a37523869f},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={Recording experiments and decoding algorithms are presented for evaluating the bit error rate (BER) of state-of-the-art magnetic bit-patterned media (BPM). The recording experiments are performed with a static tester and conventional hard-disk drive heads. As the reader dimensions are larger than the bit dimensions in both the down-track and the cross-track directions, a 2-D bit-decoding algorithm is required. Two such algorithms are presented in detail together with the methodology implemented to accurately retrieve island positions during recording. Using these techniques, a 1.6 Td/in2 magnetic BPM is demonstrated to support 2-D BER below 1e-2 under shingled magnetic recording conditions. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  decision feedback equalization;  drag tester;  inter-track interference;  magnetic recording;  static tester;  two-dimensional decoding;  Viterbi;  write synchronization},
keywords={Decision feedback equalizers;  Decoding;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Bit-patterned media;  Decision-feedback equalizations;  Inter-track interferences;  Static tester;  Viterbi, Bit error rate},
references={Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res, 31 (1), pp. 203-235; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys, 38 (12), p. R199; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , J. P. Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 320 (22), pp. 2880-2884. , Nov; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , Nov; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (2), pp. 773-778. , Feb; Kamata, Y., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., 5 Tdots/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (2), pp. 693-698. , Feb; Xiao, S., Servo-integrated patterned media by hybrid directed self-assembly (2014) ACS Nano, 8 (11), pp. 11854-11859. , Nov; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (5). , May, Art. ID; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., Dynamic coercivity measurements in thin film recording media using a contact write/read tester (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 85 (8), pp. 5018-5020. , Apr; Grobis, M., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 Gb/in2 (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96 (5), p. 052509. , Feb; Vasic, B., Kurtas, E.M., (2004) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, , Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC; Aign, T., Magnetization reversal in arrays of perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin dots coupled by dipolar interaction (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett, 81 (25), pp. 5656-5659. , Dec; Wu, Y., O'Sullivan, J.A., Singla, N., Indeck, R.S., Iterative detection and decoding for separable two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (4), pp. 2115-2120. , Jul; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Jointtrack equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Li, J., Najmi, A., Gray, R.M., Image classification by a twodimensional hidden Markov model (2000) IEEE Trans. Signal Process, 48 (2), pp. 517-533. , Feb; Damen, M.O., El Gamal, H., Caire, G., On maximum-likelihood detection and the search for the closest lattice point (2003) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 49 (10), pp. 2389-2402. , Oct; Taratorin, A., (2004) Magnetic Recording Systems and Measurements, , Mountain View, CA, USA: Guzik Technical Enterprises; Viterbi, A.J., Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm (1967) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 13 (2), pp. 260-269. , Apr; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Jeong, J.J., Kim, S.W., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with dual equalizers for bit-patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2555-2558. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Grobis, M.; HGST, United States; email: michael.grobis@hgst.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aksornniem2016,
author={Aksornniem, S. and Evans, R.F.L. and Chantrell, R.W. and Silapunt, R.},
title={Magnetic Switching in BPM, TEAMR, and Modified TEAMR Using Dielectric Underlayer Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2490626},
art_number={7298448},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962158354&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2490626&partnerID=40&md5=86cefdf4d3c127c347c68d63cc30e3e1},
affiliation={Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom},
abstract={In this paper, we study the coercivity of bit-patterned media, trapping electron-assisted magnetic recording (TEAMR), and modified TEAMR (M-TEAMR) media using a dielectric underlayer. The VAMPIRE magnetic simulator is used to model three structures of recording bits and to study the M - H loops using an atomistic spin model. The results show that the magnetic switching reduction in M-TEAMR and TEAMR depends on the bit size. The percentage of magnetic switching reduction in M-TEAMR is also larger than TEAMR for all bit sizes. For a bit size of 1.6× 1.6 × 3.2 nm3, the percentage of magnetic switching reduction in M-TEAMR is approximately four times higher than that in TEAMR. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={atomistic spin model;  electron trapping assisted recording;  magnetic data storage device;  TEAMR;  VAMPIRE magnetic simulator},
keywords={Magnetism;  Switching;  Virtual storage, Bit-patterned media;  Electron trapping;  Magnetic data;  Magnetic switching;  Spin models;  TEAMR;  Trapping electrons;  Underlayers, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={University of YorkUniversity of York},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF, PHD/0115/2553},
funding_details={King Mongkut's University of Technology ThonburiKing Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, KMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program under Grant PHD/0115/2553, in part by the King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, in part by Seagate Technology (Thailand), and in part by the University of York. The authors would like to thank all the members of the Computational Magnetism Group at the University of York for their help throughout the course of this work},
references={Gubbins, M., (2014) Data Storage and HAMR, , http://www.photonics21.org/uploads/nEL1xYhSr6.pdf, (May 20,); Baxter, A., (2014) SSD Vs HDD, , http://www.storagereview.com/ssd_vs_hdd, (May 5,); Pan, L., Bogy, D.B., Data storage: Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2009) Nature Photon, 3 (4), pp. 189-190; Matsumoto, K., Inomata, A., Hasegawa, S.-Y., Thermally assisted magnetic recording (2006) Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J, 42 (1), pp. 158-167. , Jan; Dai, Z.R., Sun, S., Wang, Z.L., Phase transformation, coalescence, and twinning of monodisperse FePt nanocrystals (2001) Nano Lett, 1 (8), pp. 443-447; Perumal, A., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., L10 FePt-C nanogranular perpendicular anisotropy films with narrow size distribution (2008) Appl. Phys. Exp, 1 (10), p. 101301; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , Oct; Zhou, T., Trapping electron assisted magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (3), pp. 738-743. , Mar; Zhou, T., Leong, S.H., Yuan, Z.M., Hu, S.B., Ong, C.L., Liu, B., Manipulation of magnetism by electrical field in a real recording system (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96 (1), p. 012506; Weisheit, M., Fähler, S., Marty, A., Souche, Y., Poinsignon, C., Givord, D., Electric field-induced modification of magnetism in thinfilm ferromagnets (2007) Science, 315 (5810), pp. 349-351. , Jan; Cuadrado, R., Klemmer, T.J., Chantrell, R.W., Magnetic anisotropy of Fe1-y Xy Pt-L10 [X = Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu] bulk alloys (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett, 105 (15), p. 152406; Aksornniem, S., Vopson, M., Silapunt, R., Trapping electron-assisted magnetic recording enhancement via dielectric underlayer media (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (10). , Oct., Art. ID; Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials (2014) J. Phys., Condens. Matter, 26 (10), p. 103202. , Feb; Varaprasad, B.S.D.C.S., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., Microstructure control of L10-ordered FePt granular film for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media (2013) J. Minerals, Metals Mater. Soc, 65 (7), pp. 853-861. , Jul; Evans, R.F.L., (2014) VAMPIRE Atomistic Simulation of Magnetic Nanomaterial, , http://vampire.york.ac.uk, (Apr. 2,); Lyberatos, A., Berkov, D.V., Chantrell, R.W., A method for the numerical simulation of the thermal magnetization fluctuations in micromagnetics (1993) J. Phys., Condens. Matter, 5 (47), p. 8911; García-Palacios, J.L., Lázaro, F.J., Langevin-dynamics study of the dynamical properties of small magnetic particles (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14937. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Silapunt, R.; Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Thailand; email: rardchawadee.sil@kmutt.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2016,
author={Wang, Y. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Erden, M.F. and Steiner, P.L.},
title={Relaxing Media Requirements by Using Multi-Island Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording on Bit-Patterned Media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2016},
volume={52},
number={2},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2476776},
art_number={7239589},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962136683&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2476776&partnerID=40&md5=d1a211979c39736fc72d08c71b1bbf71},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States; Seagate Technology, Shakopee, MN  55379, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={We introduce and investigate a new multi-island bit representation scheme with bit-patterned media (BPM) to increase the tolerance to the reader noise and the media noise compared with the standard BPM with a single island/bit and to granular media. The key idea is to use multiple islands in two dimensions to represent one bit. The redundancy in such a multi-island representation reduces the impact of the write in errors and decreases the effect of the media noise. We show that these multi-island representations offer improved bit error rate (BER), although only one readback sample per bit is used for equalization and detection. Here, a micromagnetic writing model and a read channel including media noise are used for the simulations, where optimized writer and reader architectures with one, two, and three read elements are investigated. Simulations at a 1 Tb-2 channel bit density, for the target BER of 10-2 and readback with two readers, indicate that the readback of BPM recording (BPMR) based on 1 Tdot/in2 (1 dot/bit), 2 Tdots/in 2 (2 dots/bit), and 4 Tdots/in2 (4 dots/bit) island density can tolerate 1, 3.1, and 3.3 dB more reader noise compared with the granular media. For readback with two readers, at 10-2 target BER, writing with 4 Tdots/in2 and 2 Tdots/in2 island density can tolerate the media noise (modeled by island position jitter and island size fluctuation) levels of 11% and 8.5% compared with the 1 Tdot/in2 with the media noise level of 5%. When the channel bit density is increased to 1.5 Tb/in2, such a multi-island approach can still provide improved reader noise and media noise tolerances compared with the standard BPMR with one bit per island and to granular media at the same density. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  multi-island;  two dimensional magnetic recording},
keywords={Granular materials;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Island density;  multi-island;  Position jitter;  Representation schemes;  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings;  Write-in errors, Bit error rate},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Zhang, S., Chai, K.-S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/-2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Reader design for bit patterned media recording at 10 Tb/in2 density (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (10), pp. 5208-5214. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Ng, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picketshift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Wang, Y., Yao, J., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D write/read channel for bit patterned media recording with large media noise IEEE Trans. Magn, , to be published; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Erden, M.F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording with a novel write precompensation scheme for 2-D nonlinear transition shift (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn, 51 (4). , Apr., Art. ID; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett, 3. , Art. ID; Smith, N., Arnett, P., White-noise magnetization fluctuations in magnetoresistive heads (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett, 78 (10), pp. 1448-1450. , Mar; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signaldependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 19 (4), pp. 730-743. , Apr; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Kumar, B.V.K.V., 2-D data-dependent media noise in shingled magnetic recording IEEE. Trans. Magn, , to be published; Asbahi, M., Determination of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations in patterned arrays fabricated by the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (3). , Mar., Art. ID; Yang, M., Ryan, W.E., Li, Y., Design of efficiently encodable moderate-length high-rate irregular LDPC codes (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun, 52 (4), pp. 564-571. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Data Storage Systems Center, United States; email: yaowang@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Karis2016457,
author={Karis, T.},
title={The Role of Surface Science in Magnetic Recording Tribology},
journal={Surfactants in Tribology: Volume 2},
year={2016},
volume={2},
pages={457-505},
doi={10.1201/b10868-26},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052867452&doi=10.1201%2fb10868-26&partnerID=40&md5=a6a524ad17ae207da4283d3654ba68fd},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Inc, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={Surface science is at the forefront as the limits of magnetic recording are expanded. This chapter presents case studies derived from experiences in magnetic recording disk research, development, and manufacturing. Surfactants are intermingled with product design, reliability, and processing. The most well-known surfactant in magnetic recording is the molecularly thin film of lubricant that resides on the disk overcoat. Both the lubricant and the overcoat are approaching only a few atomic layers in thickness. The nanometer-scale gap between the recording head and the disk must remain free of chemical and particulate contamination. Issues of contamination and lubricant transfer to the slider continue to challenge reliability. Large-scale, low-cost manufacturing of magnetic recording disks with sub-nanometer roughness is enabled by precise control of surface chemistry. Corrosion layers must be removed from disk substrates by washing in an aqueous solution and drying before the magnetic layers are deposited by sputtering. Since the magnetic recording layers are only about 100 nm thick, even minute amounts of surface contamination must be completely removed prior to their deposition. Any remaining particles, and particles deposited during sputtering, form asperities, which are removed by an abrasive tape polishing. To maintain the increasing magnetic recording data areal density, future magnetic recording disks may store data bits on patterns of discrete features etched into the disk topography. Fabrication of patterned media advances the state of the art in high-speed nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Surface chemical challenges currently in the forefront of patterned media technology are reviewed. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
references={Karis, T.E., Marchon, B., Carter, M.D., Fitzpatrick, P.R., Oberhauser, J.P., Humidity effects in magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 593-598; Adamson, A.W., An adsorption model for contact angle and spreading (1968) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 27, pp. 180-187; Karis, T.E., Nayak, U.V., Liquid nanodroplets on thin film magnetic recording disks (2004) Tribol. Trans., 47, pp. 103-110; Guo, X.-C., Raman, V., Karis, T.E., Yao, Y.Z., Flyability failures due to siloxanes at the head-disk interface revisited (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2223-2225; Ying, J.-F., Anoikin, T., Martner, C., Evolution of the corrosion process on thin-film media (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A., 18, pp. 1804-1808; Karis, T.E., Guo, X.-C., Marchon, B., Raman, V., Hsiao, Y.-L., Cobalt oxalate formation on thin-film magnetic recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. 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correspondence_address1={Karis, T.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, United States},
publisher={CRC Press},
isbn={9781439840658; 9781439840641},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Surfactants in Tribology: Volume 2},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fujihira2016D171,
author={Fujihira, Y. and Hachisu, T. and Shitanda, S. and Aikawa, K. and Sugiyama, A. and Mizuno, J. and Shoji, S. and Asahi, T. and Osaka, T.},
title={Promotion of self-assembly patterning of fept nanoparticles by tuning the concentration of oleylamine/oleic acid surfactants in a coating solution},
journal={Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
year={2016},
volume={163},
number={5},
pages={D171-D174},
doi={10.1149/2.0581605jes},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049094186&doi=10.1149%2f2.0581605jes&partnerID=40&md5=56a5c8fbe532f1f8a87464a33a0b91ea},
affiliation={Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Waseda University Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={To provide a bit-patterned perpendicular magnetic recording medium consisting of an array of FePt magnetic nanoparticles, the effect of the total dispersant concentrations of oleylamine and oleic acid in a FePt-nanoparticle/toluene coating solution on a self-assembled nanoparticle array with a long-range periodicity on a flat SiO2/Si substrate and two patterned substrates, respectively, was examined. At a surfactant concentration greater than 0.8 vol%, FePt nanoparticles with an average size of 4.4 nm were arrayed in a two-dimensional and hexagonal-close-packed ordered array with 8.3-nm pitches on the flat surface. Self-assembled nanoparticles were arrayed on the bottom surface of the patterned trench, the array exhibited a hexagonal-close-packed structure. Furthermore the line defects in the arrays are caused by the waviness of the trench walls, and the surface roughness. © 2016 The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Coatings;  Iron alloys;  Nanoparticles;  Platinum alloys;  Self assembly;  Silica;  Substrates;  Surface active agents;  Surface roughness, Dispersant concentration;  Hexagonal close packed;  Hexagonal close packed structure;  Magnetic nano-particles;  Patterned substrates;  Perpendicular magnetic recording medium;  Self assembled nanoparticles;  Surfactant concentrations, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={College of Science and Engineering, University of MinnesotaCollege of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, CSE, U of M},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_details={Waseda UniversityWaseda University},
funding_details={JX Nippon Oil and Energy CorporationJX Nippon Oil and Energy Corporation},
funding_details={Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and DAdaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and D, A-STEP, AS2311562B},
funding_text 1={This work was promoted by the Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through target-driven R&D (A-STEP) (AS2311562B). In addition, this work was partly executed in cooperation with Waseda University and JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation. Y. F. also acknowledges the Leading Graduate Program in Science and Engineering, Waseda University from MEXT, Japan.},
references={http://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/company/news/2015/02/storage-20150224-4.html, accessed Nov. 27, 2015; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., (2006) Mater. Today, 9, p. 20; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hideda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Aleksandrovic, V., Greshnykh, D., Randjelovic, I., Frömsdorf, A., Kornowski, A., Roth, S.V., Klinke, C., Weller, H., (2008) ACS Nano, 2, p. 1123; Smilgies, D.-M., Heitsch, A.T., Korgel, B.A., (2012) J. Phys. Chem. B, 116, p. 6017; Yang, H., Jiang, P., (2010) Langmuir, 26, p. 13173; Yang, H., Jiang, P., (2010) Langmuir, 26, p. 12598; Chen, J., Donga, P., Di, D., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wu, X., (2013) Appl. Surf. Sci., 270, p. 6; Johnston-Peck, A.C., Wang, J., Tracy, J.B., (2011) Langmuir, 27, p. 5040; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Ishizuka, S., Sugiyama, A., Mizuno, J., Osaka, T., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 303; Hachisu, T., Yotsumoto, T., Sugiyama, A., Iida, H., Nakanishi, T., Asahi, T., Osaka, T., (2008) Chem. Lett., 37, p. 840; Hachisu, T., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2011) ECS Trans, 33, p. 107; Hu, M., Noda, S., Okubo, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Komiyama, H., (2001) Appl. Surf. Sci., 181, p. 307; Kralchevsky, P.A., Nagayama, K., (1994) Langmuir, 10, p. 23; Mehraeen, S., Asbahi, M., Fuke, W., Yang, J.K.W., Cao, J., Tan, M.C., (2015) Langmuir, 31, p. 8548; Chen, M., Kim, J., Liu, J.P., Fan, H., Sun, S., (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 7132; Kim, C., Min, M., Chang, Y.W., Yoo, K.-H., Lee, H., (2010) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10, p. 233; Prakash, A., Zhu, H., Jones, C.J., Benoit, D.N., Ellsworth, A.Z., Bryant, E.L., Colvin, V.L., (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 2139},
correspondence_address1={Osaka, T.; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Japan; email: osakatets@waseda.jp},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
issn={00134651},
coden={JESOA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Electrochem Soc},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tipcharoen2016,
author={Tipcharoen, W. and Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Effects of Island Volume and Hotspot Position Fluctuation for Heated-Dot Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2016},
volume={7},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2016.2594167},
art_number={7524673},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994519155&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2016.2594167&partnerID=40&md5=f02d82003cbd21480e9741f6c461e380},
affiliation={College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Heated-dot magnetic recording (HDMR), which employs the laser to heat a bit-patterned medium before recording data, is a promising technology to achieve an ultra-high recording density. Generally, many parameters can cause an error during the writing process in an HDMR system; however, this letter investigates only the effect of bit island volume, bit island position fluctuation, and hotspot position fluctuation. Specifically, three bit island volumes are considered, i.e., 1100, 860, and 620 nm3. In addition, we also study the 3-by-3 data patterns that easily cause an error when the hotspot and write head positions have fluctuated. To achieve an error-free writing process, the heating temperature is studied using the Brillouin function for thermal calculations. Implementation of treating the hotspot and evaluating the thermal effect is explicitly described. Simulation results indicate that the smaller the position variation, the lower the error percentage. Moreover, we found that the error percentage is decreased as the heating temperature is increased. Finally, it is apparent that the smaller the island volume, the lower the error percentage. © 2016 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Information storage;  write errors},
keywords={Data storage equipment;  Digital storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Profilometry, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  Brillouin functions;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Heating temperatures;  Position fluctuations;  Thermal calculation;  Ultra-high recording, Errors},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_details={Institute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiInstitute of Research and Development, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, IRD RMUTT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF), College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, KMITL, and in part by the Research and Development Institute, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand.},
references={Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., Thermally assisted magnetic recording with bit-patterned media to achieve areal recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2 (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 309-313; Asbahi, M., Lim, K.T.P., Wang, F., Lin, M.Y., Chan, K.S., Wu, B., Ng, V., Yang, J.K.W., Determination of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations in patterned arrays fabricated by the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3200405; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, , Interagency Report, Nat. Inst. Standards Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording with patterned FePt recording media using a lollipop near field transducer (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B719; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Lin, M.Y., Elidrissi, M.R., Chan, K.S., Eason, K., Chua, M., Asbahi, M., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., Channel characterization and performance evaluation of bit-patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 723-729; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3797-3800; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, F.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe55-xNixPt45 L10 films (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 6595-6600; Tipcharoen, W., Warisarn, C., Kaewrawang, A., Kovintavewat, P., Effect of hotspot position fluctuation to writing capability in heated-dot magnetic recording (2016) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 55, p. 07MB01; Vogler, C., Abert, C., Bruckner, F., Suess, D., Praetorius, D., Heat-assisted magnetic recording of bit-patterned media beyond 10 Tb/in2 (2016) Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, p. 102406; Wang, F., Xu, X.-H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Perpendicular L10-FePt/Fe and L10-FePt/Ru/Fe graded media obtained by post-annealing (2011) Mater. Chem. Phys., 126, pp. 843-846; Wang, F., Xu, X.-H., Writability issues in high-anisotropy perpendicular magnetic recording media (2014) Chin. Phys. B, 23, p. 036802; Xu, B.X., Liu, Z.J., Ji, R., Toh, Y.T., Hu, J.F., Li, J.M., Zhang, J., Chia, C.W., Thermal issues and their effects on heat-assistedmagnetic recording system (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B701; Yamashita, M., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Miura, K., Greaves, S.J., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Modeling of writing process for two-dimensional magnetic recording and performance evaluation of two-dimensional neural network equalizer (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 4586-4589; Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Fang, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, R., Wang, Z., Xu, X., Design and micromagnetic simulation of the L10-FePt/Fe multilayer graded film (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 073910},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Advanced Manufacturing Innovation, Thailand; email: chanon.wa@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Pan2016,
author={Pan, J. and Shah, P. and Horowitz, R.},
title={DSP implementation of a direct adaptive feedforward control algorithm for rejecting repeatable runout in hard disk drives},
journal={ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2016},
year={2016},
doi={10.1115/ISPS2016-9615},
note={cited By 4; Conference of ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2016 ; Conference Date: 20 June 2016 Through 21 June 2016;  Conference Code:123964},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991829797&doi=10.1115%2fISPS2016-9615&partnerID=40&md5=032c5dc52ac300e758ab989cf497afc6},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={A direct adaptive feedforward control method for tracking repeatable runout (RRO) in bit patterned media recording (BPMR) hard disk drives (HDD) is proposed. The technique estimates the system parameters and the residual RRO simultaneously and constructs a feedforward signal based on a known regressor. An improved version of the proposed algorithm to avoid matrix inversion and reduce computation complexity is given. Results for both MATLAB simulation and digital signal processor (DSP) implementation are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © Copyright 2016 by ASME.},
keywords={Digital signal processors;  Feedforward control;  MATLAB;  Signal processing, Adaptive feedforward control;  Adaptive feedforward control algorithms;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Computation complexity;  Digital signal processors (DSP);  DSP implementation;  Matlab simulations;  Repeatable runout, Hard disk storage},
references={Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Adaptive repetitive control design with online secondary path modeling and application to bit-patterned media recording (2015) Magnetics IEEE Transactions on, 51 (4), pp. 1-8; Kempf, C., Messner, W., Tomizuka, M., Horowitz, R., Comparison of four discrete-time repetitive control algorithms (1993) IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 13 (6), pp. 48-54; Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Repeatable runout following in bit patterned media recording (2014) ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, , American Society of Mechanical Engineers V001T03A001; Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Adaptive repetitive control using a modified filteredx lms algorithm (2014) ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, , V001T13A006; Shahsavari, B., Pan, J., Horowitz, R., (2016) Adaptive Rejection of Periodic Disturbances Acting on Linear Systems with Unknown Dynamics, , arXiv preprint arXiv:1603.05361; Zhang, F., Keikha, E., Shahsavari, B., Horowitz, R., Adaptive mismatch compensation for vibratory gyroscopes (2014) Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISISS), 2014 International Symposium on, pp. 1-4. , IEEE; Zhang, F., Keikha, E., Shahsavari, B., Horowitz, R., Adaptive mismatch compensation for rate integrating vibratory gyroscopes with improved convergence rate (2014) ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, , V003T45A003-V003T45A003; Bagherieh, O., Shahsavari, B., Horowitz, R., Online identification of system uncertainties using coprime factorizations with application to hard disk drives (2015) ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, , V002T23A006-V002T23A006},
sponsors={Information Storage and Processing Systems Division},
publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
isbn={9780791849880},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Inf. Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gavrila201673,
author={Gavrila, H. and Gavrila, D.E.},
title={Patterned magnetic recording media -issues and challenges},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2016},
volume={1817},
pages={73-83},
doi={10.1557/opl.2016.41},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 24th International Materials Research Congress, IMRC 2015 ; Conference Date: 16 August 2015 Through 20 August 2015;  Conference Code:123237},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985916021&doi=10.1557%2fopl.2016.41&partnerID=40&md5=8c74097a61216d4d85fc113d2f2388eb},
affiliation={Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania},
abstract={The conventional magnetic recording approached the physical frontiers of the recording density. The magnetic recording must face the famous trilemma: In order to increase the recording density, smaller grain volumes are needed, but in order to ensure the thermal stability of recorded information, the anisotropy constant should be increased accordingly; what results is an increased anisotropy field, which requires higher writing fields. Such fields are unavailable with the maximum saturation magnetization obtainable with the magnetic materials of the current heads. In order to overcome these problems, new media structures have been proposed. The most promising is the bit-patterned magnetic media (BPM), intensively studied over the last years with the aim of obtaining obtain an ultra-high recording density of hard-disk drives. A BPM comprises monodisperse high-anisotropy nano-particles in a self-organized patterning. They have a higher thermal stability, a lower noise and a higher signal resolution, which leads to a higher recording density and a better SNR. They eliminate the transition noise and, due to the large fraction of the bit volume occupied by the magnetic dots, improve thermal stability. Nevertheless, some important issues such as long-range patterning, control of the surface roughness, signal readout, etc., remain critical problems to solve. Another challenge is the fact that recording on BPM is sensitive to the material and geometry parameter fluctuations that may lead to additional constraints and require tight synchronization of the write-field misregistration time and bit positions. A possible route to higher recording densities is to use a multilevel recording, where more than two states are stored per dot. © 2015 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoparticles;  Saturation magnetization;  Signal to noise ratio;  Surface roughness;  Thermodynamic stability, Anisotropy constants;  Geometry parameter;  Issues and challenges;  Magnetic recording media;  Multi-level recording;  Patterned magnetic media;  Self-organized patterning;  Ultra-high recording, Magnetic heads},
references={Wang, S.X., Tartorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Academic Press, New York -London; Gavrila, H., (2005) Magnetic Recording (in Romanian), , Printech, Bucharest; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Osaka, T., Datta, M., Shachan-Diamond, Y., (2010) Nanostructure Science and Technology, p. 113. , New York, Springer; Rottmayer, R.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Shiroishi, Y., (2009) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816; Kryder, M.H., (2008) Proc. I.E.E.E., 96, p. 1810; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, p. R149; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B12, p. 3196; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101; White, R.L., New, R.M.W., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Majetich, S.A., Sin, Y., (1999) Science, 284, p. 470; Gavrila, H., Optoelectronics, J., (2004) Adv. Mater., 6, p. 891; Gavrila, H., Optoelectronics, J., (2008) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 757; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Albrecht, T.R., (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, p. 237. , (J.P. Liu et al, Ed.), Dordrecht: Springer; Hughes, G.F., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , (M .L. Plumer, J. Van Ek, D. Weller, G. Ertl, Eds.), Springer, Berlin Chap.7; Thielen, M., Kirsch, S., Weinforth, H., Carl, A., Wassermann, E.F., (1998) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1009; Landis, S., Rodmack, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 2473; Weller, D., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5768; Haginoya, C., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8327; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Johnson, K.E., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5365; Terris, B.D., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Sun, S., Murray, C., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Puntes, V.F., Alivisatos, P., Krishnan, K., (1997) Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, p. 381. , (G.C. Hadjipanayis, Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers; Suess, D., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Victora, R.H., Chen, X., (2005) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Pfau, B., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062502; Albrecht, T.R., (2015) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 51, p. 0800342; Lubarda, M.V., (2011) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 47, p. 18; Pfau, B., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105, p. 132407; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2142; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2008) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3438; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Ouchi, K., (2011) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 47, p. 11; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, p. R199; Gavrila, H., (2011) EUROMAT 2011, , presented at Montpellier, September; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., (2005) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2822; Sun, S., Weller, D., Murray, C.B., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, p. 249. , (M.L. Plumer, J. van Ek, D.Weller, Eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag; Mayes, E.L., (2003) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 39, p. 624; Wang, J.-P., Qiu, J.-M., Taton, T.A., Kim, B.-S., (2006) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 42, p. 3042; Sasaki, Y., (2005) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 41, p. 660; Warne, B., (2000) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 36, p. 3009; Richter, H.J., (2006) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Talbot, J.E., Kalezhi, J., Barton, C., Heldt, G., Miles, J., (2014) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 50, p. 321807; Chunsheng, Smith, E.D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2006) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2411; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., (2004) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 40, p. 3551; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214; Kundu, S., (2014) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3200206; Richter, H.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033903; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., (2011) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 47, p. 26; Stipe, B.C., (2010) Nature Photon., 4, p. 484; Victora, R.H., (2015) I.E.E.E. Trans. Magn., 51, p. 3200307},
editor={Munoz-Navia M., Palestino-Escobedo A.G., Rodriguez-Lopez J.L., Gutierrez-Wing C., Graeve O.A.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781510826656},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bird20163948,
author={Bird, S.M. and El-Zubir, O. and Rawlings, A.E. and Leggett, G.J. and Staniland, S.S.},
title={A novel design strategy for nanoparticles on nanopatterns: Interferometric lithographic patterning of Mms6 biotemplated magnetic nanoparticles},
journal={Journal of Materials Chemistry C},
year={2016},
volume={4},
number={18},
pages={3948-3955},
doi={10.1039/c5tc03895b},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973496072&doi=10.1039%2fc5tc03895b&partnerID=40&md5=c4878e12c1135e2c7d21446b708a8228},
affiliation={University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Chemical Nanoscience Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom},
abstract={Nanotechnology demands the synthesis of highly precise, functional materials, tailored for specific applications. One such example is bit patterned media. These high-density magnetic data-storage materials require specific and uniform magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to be patterned over large areas (cm2 range) in exact nanoscale arrays. However, the realisation of such materials for nanotechnology applications depends upon reproducible fabrication methods that are both precise and environmentally-friendly, for cost-effective scale-up. A potentially ideal biological fabrication methodology is biomineralisation. This is the formation of inorganic minerals within organisms, and is known to be highly controlled down to the nanoscale whilst being carried out under ambient conditions. The magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 uses a suite of dedicated biomineralisation proteins to control the formation of magnetite MNPs within their cell. One of these proteins, Mms6, has been shown to control formation of magnetite MNPs in vitro. We have previously used Mms6 on micro-contact printed (μCP) patterned self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces to control the formation and location of MNPs in microscale arrays, offering a bioinspired and green-route to fabrication. However, μCP cannot produce patterns reliably with nanoscale dimensions, and most alternative nanofabrication techniques are slow and expensive. Interferometric lithography (IL) uses the interference of laser light to produce nanostructures over large areas via a simple process implemented under ambient conditions. Here we combine the bottom-up biomediated approach with a top down IL methodology to produce arrays of uniform magnetite MNPs (86 ± 21 nm) with a period of 357 nm. This shows a potentially revolutionary strategy for the production of magnetic arrays with nanoscale precision in a process with low environmental impact, which could be scaled readily to facilitate large-scale production of nanopatterned surface materials for technological applications. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
keywords={Cost effectiveness;  Digital storage;  Environmental impact;  Fabrication;  Functional materials;  Interferometry;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Magnetite;  Nanoparticles;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Nanotechnology;  Proteins;  Self assembled monolayers, Fabrication methodology;  Interferometric lithography;  Large scale productions;  Lithographic patterning;  Magnetic nanoparti cles (MNPs);  Nanofabrication techniques;  Nanotechnology applications;  Technological applications, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/I012060/1, EP/J500458/1},
funding_details={Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC, BB/H005412/2},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Stephen Baldwin for the pTTQ18 based parent vector. We would also like to thank Rebecca Savage and Jamie Hobbs for their help with obtaining MFM images and Nik Reeves-McLaren for support with XRD. Thanks also to Jonathan Bramble for assistance with MFM plotting, and Johanna Galloway for general discussions. We thank the BBSRC (BB/H005412/2) for funding this work, and the EPSRC for funding Scott Bird (CDT studentship (EP/J500458/1)), the interferometer and Osama El-Zubir (EP/I012060/1).},
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IEEE, 93, pp. 1704-1721; Tsargorodska, A., El Zubir, O., Darroch, B., Cartron, M.L., Basova, T., Hunter, C.N., Nabok, A.V., Leggett, G.J., (2014) ACS Nano, 8, pp. 7858-7869; Moxey, M., Johnson, A., El-Zubir, O., Cartron, M., Dinachali, S.S., Hunter, C.N., Saifullah, M.S., Leggett, G.J., (2015) ACS Nano, 9, pp. 6262-6270; Tizazu, G., El-Zubir, O., Brueck, S.R., Lidzey, D.G., Leggett, G.J., Lopez, G.P., (2011) Nanoscale, 3, pp. 2511-2516; Regazzoni, A., Urrutia, G., Blesa, M., Maroto, A., (1981) J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 43, pp. 1489-1493; Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S., Eliceiri, K.W., (2012) Nat. Methods, 9, pp. 671-675; (2000) Bruker AXS, , Karlsruhe, Germany; Patterson, A., (1939) Phys. Rev., 56, p. 978; Horcas, I., Fernandez, R., Gomez-Rodriguez, J., Colchero, J., Gómez-Herrero, J., Baro, A., (2007) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 78, p. 013705; Nikogeorgos, N., Hunter, C.A., Leggett, G.J., (2012) Langmuir, 28, pp. 17709-17717; Bird, S.M., Rawlings, A.E., Galloway, J.M., Staniland, S.S., RSC Adv., , 10.1039/c5ra16469a; Guivar, J.A.R., Martínez, A.I., Anaya, A.O., Valladares, L.D.L.S., Félix, L.L., Dominguez, A.B., (2014) Adv. Nanopart., p. 2014; Langford, J.I., Wilson, A., (1978) J. Appl. Crystallogr., 11, pp. 102-113; Tamerler, C., Dinçer, S., Heidel, D., Karaguler, N., Sarikaya, M., (2003) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. P, 773, pp. 101-110; Rawlings, A.E., Bramble, J.P., Tang, A.A., Somner, L.A., Monnington, A.E., Cooke, D.J., McPherson, M.J., Staniland, S.S., (2015) Chem. Sci., 6, pp. 5586-5594; Tiede, C., Tang, A.A., Deacon, S.E., Mandal, U., Nettleship, J.E., Owen, R.L., George, S.E., Tomlinson, D.C., (2014) Protein Eng., Des. Sel., 27, pp. 145-155; Galloway, J.M., Talbot, J.E., Critchley, K., Miles, J.J., Bramble, J.P., (2015) Adv. Funct. Mater., 25, pp. 4590-4600; Sun, S., Murray, C., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Ely, T.O., Pan, C., Amiens, C., Chaudret, B., Dassenoy, F., Lecante, P., Casanove, M.-J., Broto, J.-M., (2000) J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, pp. 695-702; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 10-15},
correspondence_address1={Staniland, S.S.; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; email: s.s.staniland@sheffield.ac.uk},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={20507534},
coden={JMCCC},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Mater. Chem. C},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tabakovic2016D287,
author={Tabakovic, I. and Qiu, J.-M. and Dragos, O.},
title={Electrodeposition of thin CoPt films with very high perpendicular anisotropy from hexachloroplatinate solution: Effect of saccharin additive and electrode substrate},
journal={Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
year={2016},
volume={163},
number={7},
pages={D287-D294},
doi={10.1149/2.0491607jes},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964692545&doi=10.1149%2f2.0491607jes&partnerID=40&md5=74cb8c7add8ae45668898050525e7a39},
affiliation={ECE Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55435, United States; National Institute of RandD for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania},
abstract={The CoPt films with 9.7-91 at% Co and thicknesses of 15-20 nm were obtained from a new designed stable hexachloroplatinate solution at a controlled potential deposition. The effects of the substrate (Ru and Cu) and an organic additive (saccharin) on composition, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the CoPt films were studied. It was demonstrated that a Ru electrode substrate provides well-defined surface for the epitaxial growth of hcp phase, resulting in high perpendicular anisotropy. The addition of saccharin (Sacc) as an organic additive into the plating solution caused a dramatic improvement of the epitaxial growth of CoPt film on the Ru substrate. At the film thickness of interest, for bit-patterned media BPM (15-20 nm), the out-of-plane coercivity showed the highest value of 6700 Oe and the squarness Mr/Ms ∼1. © 2016 The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Cobalt;  Copper;  Crystal structure;  Electrodes;  Film growth;  Sugar substitutes;  Sugars, Bit-patterned media;  Electrode substrates;  Hexachloroplatinate;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  Organic additives;  Out-of-plane coercivity;  Plating solutions;  Potential deposition, Epitaxial growth},
references={Futamoto, M., (2012) ECS Trans., 50, p. 59; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Mallet, J.J., Svedberg, E.B., Sayan, S., Shapiro, A.J., Wielunski, L., Madey, T.E., Chen, P.J., Moffat, T.P., (2005) Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 8, p. C15; Egelhoff, T.S., Mallet, J., Cheng, X., Wang, J., Chien, C.-L., Searson, P.S., (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, p. C27; Rhen, F.M.F., Hinds, G., Reilly CO', Coey, J.M.D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2699; Leistner, K., Backen, E., Schupp, B., Weistheit, M., Schultz, L., Schlorb, H., Fahler, S., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7267; Rozman, K.Z., Krause, A., Leistner, K., Fahler, S., Schultz, L., Schlorb, H., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 314, p. 116; Liang, D., Mallet, J.J., Zangari, G., (2010) ACS Appl. Mater & Interfaces, 2, p. 961; Liang, D., Mallet, J.J., Zangari, G., (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 8100; Zana, I., Zangari, G., (2003) Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 6, p. C153; Zana, I., Zangari, G., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1698; Ghidini, M., Zangari, G., Prejbeann, I.L., Pattanaik, G., Buda-Prejbeann, L.D., Asti, G., Pernechele, C., Solzi, M., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 103911; Pattanaik, G., Weston, J., Zangari, G., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08E901; Pattenaik, G., Zangari, G., Weston, J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 112506; Sirtori, V., Cavalloti, P.L., Rognoni, R., Xu, X., Zangari, G., Fratesi, G., Trioni, M.I., Bernasconi, M., (2011) ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 3, p. 1800; Wodarz, S., Abe, J., Homma, T., (2015) Electrochim. Acta, , in press; Tabakovic, I., Qiu, J.-M., Riemer, S., (2016) J. Electrochem. Soc., 162, p. D291; Wierman, K.W., Klemmer, T.J., Lu, B., Ju, G., Howard, K.J., Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8031; Dragos, O., Chiriac, H., Lupu, N., Grigoras, M., Tabakovic, I., (2016) J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, p. D83; Pattanaik, G., Zangari, G., (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, p. C6; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Okazaki, Y., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08G908; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2160; Vokoun, D., Lai, C.-H., Liao, Y.-Y., Lin, M.-S., Jiang, R.-F., Huang, R.T., Chu, Y.C., Goryczka, T., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08E703; Qiu, J.-M., Tabakovic, I., Kief, M., Lam, H.T., Kuo, D.S., Gong, J., Pat. Appl., US 2010/0247960; Tabakovic, I., Riemer, S., Tabakovic, K., Sun, M., Kief, M., (2006) J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, p. C586; Moudler, J.M., Stickle, W.E., Sobol, P.E., Bomben, K.D., (1992) Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, , Perkin Elmer, Eden Praire, MN; Whalen, J.J., III, Weiland, J.D., Searson, P.C., (2005) J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, p. C738; Jyoko, Y., Schwarzacher, W., (2001) Electrochim. Acta, 47, p. 371; Lim, B.C., Chen, J.S., Wang, J.P., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 271, p. 431; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Oikawa, T., Inaba, Y., Kitikami, O., Okamoto, S., Aoi, H., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2483},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
issn={00134651},
coden={JESOA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Electrochem Soc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suharyadi2016186,
author={Suharyadi, E. and Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={Nanoscale patterning of CrPt3 magnetic thin films by using ion beam irradiation},
journal={Results in Physics},
year={2016},
volume={6},
pages={186-188},
doi={10.1016/j.rinp.2016.03.010},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963585121&doi=10.1016%2fj.rinp.2016.03.010&partnerID=40&md5=8fcbe9e34143bb3335f65ab283e3cac9},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={We have successfully fabricated planar patterned CrPt3 ordered L12 alloy films by Kr+ ion irradiation. Planar-patterned CrPt3 nanodots with various bit sizes from 200 nm to 50 nm were successfully fabricated by 30 keV Kr+ ion irradiation at a dose of 2 × 1014 ions/cm2, where e-beam lithography was used for creating the resist mask. We have confirmed that the nanofabrication process didn't change the magnetic properties of CrPt3 ordered L12 alloy films. As-prepared film exhibited perpendicular hysteresis loop with the coercivity of 5.5 kOe. The typical perpendicular maze domain structure with the stripe structure was clearly seen in as-prepared CrPt3 film. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of patterned CrPt3 nanodots indicated that each un-irradiated bit consists of localized perpendicular magnetic domain structures, which corresponds to perpendicular magnetization direction. Nanodots with bit size ≤80 nm show either dark or bright contrast, suggesting single domain structure. No magnetic contrast in irradiated space is due to the suppressing of the magnetization by Kr+ ion irradiation. © 2016 The Authors.},
author_keywords={CrPt3;  Ion irradiation;  Ordered L12 alloy films;  Planar patterned media},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 16H04328, 16K18091},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launoisd, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J Magn Magn Mater, p. 191; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl Phys Lett, 75, p. 403; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferré, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-part 1: the effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J Appl Phys, 90, p. 3843; Aign, T., Meyer, P., Lemerle, S., Jamet, J.P., Ferré, J., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Magnetization reversal in arrays of perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin dots coupled by dipolar interaction (1998) Phys Rev Lett, 81, p. 5656; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, p. 1725; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Magnetic block array for patterned magnetic media (2001) Appl Phys Lett, 78, p. 784; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl Phys Lett, 81, p. 2875; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans Magn, 41, p. 3595; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by e-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans Magn, 42, p. 2972; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J Appl Phys, 106, p. 053908; Maret, M., Bley, F., Meneghini, C., Albrecht, M., Köhler, J., Bucher, E., Hazemann, J.L., The Cr local structure in epitaxial CrPt3(111) films probed using polarized X-ray absorption fine structure (2005) J Phys Condens Matter, 17, p. 2529; Maret, M., Albrecht, M., Köhler, J., Poinsot, R., Ulhaq-Bouillet, C., Tonnerre, J.M., Berar, J.F., Bucher, E., Magnetic anisotropy and chemical long-range order in epitaxial ferrimagnetic CrPt3 films (2000) J Magn Magn Mater, 218, p. 151; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H.-S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large Kerr rotation in ordered CrPt3 films (1999) J Appl Phys, 86, p. 3149},
correspondence_address1={Suharyadi, E.; Department of Physics, Sekip Utara BLS 21, Indonesia; email: esuharyadi@ugm.ac.id},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={22113797},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Results Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2015,
author={Wang, Y. and Yao, J. and Kumar, B.V.K.V.},
title={2-D Write/Read Channel Model for Bit-Patterned Media Recording with Large Media Noise},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={12},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2464786},
art_number={7180346},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956937500&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2464786&partnerID=40&md5=e21ec0f6b6545b4316bd684e9f748223},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  15213, United States},
abstract={A 2-D write/read channel model, which can accurately capture the media, writer, and reader characteristics, is proposed and investigated for very-high-density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system with large media noise. For the write process, a 2-D data-dependent write channel combined with a micromagnetic model of the writer is investigated for BPMR. In order to better understand the proposed channel model, several 2-D patterns are investigated, and the corresponding write failure events are studied. It is observed that the write error rates (WERs) are different for different 2-D patterns due to the 2-D data-dependent nature of the write-in errors, even though the write failure rates are the same for these different 2-D patterns. For the readback process, a read channel, including media noise, is combined with the write channel, and the bit error rates (BERs) are studied for various 2-D patterns as a function of media jitter and write clock phase drift. It is observed that the 2-D pattern corresponding to four identical bits in a square pattern provides the best performance at a target BER of 10-2, because it can provide adequate tolerance to media noise and interference in down-track and cross-track (CT) directions. The difference between the WER and the BER after readback is studied for various 2-D patterns, and the pattern corresponding to 4 bits with transitions in the CT direction is found to exhibit the largest difference among the studied patterns due to the fact that inter-track interference is more severe than the inter-symbol interference. These results motivate possible inclusion of 2-D modulation codes in BPMR channel to avoid certain bit patterns. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D data dependence;  bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  media noise},
keywords={Errors, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data dependence;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Modulation codes;  Square patterns, Bit error rate},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517. , Mar; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bitpatterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bitpatterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Zhang, S., Chai, K.-S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Zhang, S., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in 2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Asbahi, M., Determination of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations in patterned arrays fabricated by the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3). , Mar; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Erden, M.F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording with a novel write precompensation scheme for 2-D nonlinear transition shift (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (4). , Apr; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3; Moon, J., Park, J., Pattern-dependent noise prediction in signal-dependent noise (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 19 (4), pp. 730-743. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Data Storage Systems Center, United States; email: yaowang@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Warisarn20151187,
author={Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Soft-output decoding approach of 2d modulation codes in bit-patterned media recording systems},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2015},
volume={E98C},
number={12},
pages={1187-1192},
doi={10.1587/transele.E98.C.1187},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948807504&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E98.C.1187&partnerID=40&md5=fb48da8d7482a3ff0dd277f9891c0dc5},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation (D STAR), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={The two-dimensional (2D) interference is one of the major impairments in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems due to small bit and track pitches, especially at high recording densities. To alleviate this problem, we introduced a rate-4/5 constructive inter-track interference (CITI) coding scheme to prevent the destructive data patterns to be written onto a magnetic medium for an uncoded BPMR system, i.e., without error-correction codes. Because the CITI code produces only the hard decision, it cannot be employed in a coded BPMR system that uses a lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) code. To utilize it in an iterative decoding scheme, we propose a soft CITI coding scheme based on the log-likelihood ratio algebra implementation in Boolean logic mappings in order that the soft CITI coding scheme together with a modified 2D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector and a LDPC decoder will jointly perform iterative decoding. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides a significant performance improvement, in particular when an areal density (AD) is high and/or the position jitter is large. Specifically, at a bit-error rate of 10-4 and no position jitter, the proposed system can provide approximately 1.8 and 3.5 dB gain over the conventional coded system without using the CITI code at the ADs of 2.5 and 3.0 Tera-bit per square inch (Tb/in2), respectively. © 2015 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Log-likelihood ratio;  Modulation code;  Two-dimensional interference},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Boolean algebra;  Codes (symbols);  Decoding;  Error correction;  Iterative methods;  Jitter;  Modulation;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Constructive inter-track interferences;  Error correction codes;  Log likelihood ratio;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Modulation codes;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm, Iterative decoding},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-Assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , June; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , J.P. Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, D.J. Sellmyer, eds. Springer; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media Channel with Inter-Track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-Assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Busyatras, W., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A tmr mitigation method based on readback signal in bitpatterned media recording (2015) IEICE Trans. Electron, E98-C (8), pp. 892-898. , Aug; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bitpatterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron, E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A const ructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bit-patterned media recording system (2014) J. Appl. Phys, 115 (17), p. 17B703; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-d modul ation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), p. 3101204. , Nov; Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., Thitimajshima, P., Near shannon limit error-correcting co ding and decoding: Turbo codes (1993) Proc. ICC '93, 2, pp. 1064-1070. , May; Wicker, S.B., (1995) Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage, , Printice Hall, New Jersey; Gallager, R., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding approach of maximum transition run codes (2005) Proc. EUROCON'05, pp. 490-493. , Nov; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding in multiplehead mtr encoded magnetic recor ding systems (2006) Proc. ICC '06, pp. 1255-1258. , June; Hagenauer, J., Hoeher, P., A viterbi algorithm with soft-decision outputs and its applications (1989) Proc. Globecom '89, 3, pp. 1680-1686. , Nov; Losuwan, T., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M., Supnithi, P., A study of iterative detection method for four-grain based two-dimensional magnetic recording (2012) Proc. APMRC 2012, FT-7, , Sept; Warisarn, C., Losuwan, T., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative inter-track interference mitigation method for twodimensional magnetic recording systems (2014) J. Appl. Phys, 115 (17), p. 17B732; Glavieux, A., Laot, C., Labat, J., Turbo equalization over a frequency selective channel (1997) Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes, pp. 96-102. , Sept},
publisher={Maruzen Co., Ltd.},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen20155906,
author={Nguyen, P.-M. and Armand, M.A.},
title={On Capacity Formulation With Stationary Inputs and Application to a Bit-Patterned Media Recording Channel Model},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
year={2015},
volume={61},
number={11},
pages={5906-5930},
doi={10.1109/TIT.2015.2481878},
art_number={7286827},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959423411&doi=10.1109%2fTIT.2015.2481878&partnerID=40&md5=f5b29592f7817760cf0a68990d464451},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA  94305, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore},
abstract={In this correspondence, we illustrate among other things the use of the stationarity property of the set of capacity-achieving inputs in capacity calculations. In particular, as a case study, we consider a bit-patterned media recording channel model and formulate new lower and upper bounds on its capacity that yield improvements over existing results. Inspired by the observation that the new bounds are tight at low noise levels, we also characterize the capacity of this model as a series expansion in the low-noise regime. The key to these results is the realization of stationarity in the supremizing input set in the capacity formula. While the property is prevalent in capacity formulations in the ergodic-theoretic literature, we show that this realization is possible in the Shannon-theoretic framework where a channel is defined as a sequence of finite-dimensional conditional probabilities, by defining a new class of consistent stationary and ergodic channels. © 1963-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media recording;  bit-symmetry;  Channel capacity;  lower/upper bounds;  series expansion;  stationary and ergodic channel;  stationary inputs},
keywords={Computer applications;  Information theory, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Ergodic channels;  lower/upper bounds;  Series expansion;  stationary inputs, Channel capacity},
references={Verdú, S., Han, T.S., A general formula for channel capacity (1994) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 40 (4), pp. 1147-1157. , Jul; Dobrushin, R.L., General formulation of Shannon's main theorem in information theory (1963) Amer. Math. Soc. Trans., 33, pp. 323-438. , AMS, Providence, RI, USA; Gallager, R.G., (1968) Information Theory and Reliable Communication, , New York, NY, USA: Wiley; Gray, R.M., Ornstein, D., Block coding for discrete stationary d-continuous noisy channels (1979) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 25 (3), pp. 292-306. , May; Gray, R.M., (1990) Entropy and Information Theory, , New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag; Dobrushin, R.L., Shannon's theorems for channels with synchronization errors (1967) Problemy Peredachi Inf., 3 (4), pp. 18-36; Kanoria, Y., Montanari, A., Optimal coding for the binary deletion channel with small deletion probability (2013) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 59 (10), pp. 6192-6219. , Oct; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Mazumdar, A., Barg, A., Kashyap, N., Coding for high-density recording on a 1-D granular magnetic medium (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (11), pp. 7403-7417. , Nov; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Zhang, S., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct; Keele, R.C., (2012) Advances in Modeling and Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Magnetic Recording Channels with Written-in Errors, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Univ. Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; Feinstein, A., On the coding theorem and its converse for finite-memory channels (1959) Inf. Control, 2 (1), pp. 25-44; Adler, R.L., Ergodic and mixing properties of infinite memory channels (1961) Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 12 (6), pp. 924-930; Parthasarathy, K.R., On the integral representation of the rate of transmission of a stationary channel (1961) Illinois J. Math., 5 (2), pp. 299-305; Sujan, S., On the capacity of asymptotically mean stationary channels (1981) Kybernetika, 17 (3), pp. 222-233; Fontana, R., Gray, R.M., Kieffer, J.C., Asymptotically mean stationary channels (1981) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 27 (3), pp. 308-316. , May; Gray, R.M., (2009) Probability, Random Processes, and Ergodic Properties, , 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag; Arnold, D.M., Loeliger, H.-A., Vontobel, P.O., Kavčić, A., Zeng, W., Simulation-based computation of information rates for channels with memory (2006) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 52 (8), pp. 3498-3508. , Aug; Boyd, S., Vandenberghe, L., (2004) Convex Optimization, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Kanoria, Y., Montanari, A., On the deletion channel with small deletion probability (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, pp. 1002-1006. , Jun; Polyanskiy, Y., Poor, H.V., Verdú, S., Channel coding rate in the finite blocklength regime (2010) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 56 (5), pp. 2307-2359. , May; Tan, V.Y.F., Asymptotic estimates in information theory with nonvanishing error probabilities (2014) Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory, 11 (1-2), pp. 1-184; Kieffer, J.C., Rahe, M., Markov channels are asymptotically mean stationary (1981) SIAM J. Math. Anal., 12 (3), pp. 293-305; Gray, R.M., Dunham, M., Gobbi, R., Ergodicity of Markov channels (1987) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 33 (5), pp. 656-664. , Sep; El Gamal, A., Kim, Y.-H., (2012) Network Information Theory, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2006) Elements of Information Theory, , 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley},
correspondence_address1={Armand, M.A.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Singapore; email: eleama@nus.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189448},
coden={IETTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Talbot2015,
author={Talbot, J.E. and Kalezhi, J. and Miles, J.},
title={Determining the anisotropy of bit-patterned media for optimal performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2441134},
art_number={2441134},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947080600&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2441134&partnerID=40&md5=41fce1bee12651768d90747614d0c656},
affiliation={University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Copperbelt University, Kitwe, 21692, Zambia},
abstract={In conventional recording theory, the transition width should be minimized by writing the transition at the location of the maximum head-field gradient, and this should be achieved by setting the coercivity equal to the head field at the location of the maximum head-field gradient (taking appropriate account of the variation of coercivity with field angle). A natural assumption in bit-patterned media is that the system could be optimized by setting the island switching field in a similar manner. In this paper, we investigate what strategy of optimization gives the minimum error rate or the maximum write-window. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit Patterned Media (BPM);  Exchange Coupled Composite (ECC);  magnetic recording;  write-window},
keywords={Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Exchange coupled;  Minimum error rate;  Optimal performance;  Switching field;  Transition widths;  Write windows, Coercive force},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
references={Weller, D., A HAMR media technology roadmap to an areal density of 4 Tb/in2 (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan. Art. ID 3100108; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 467-476; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22), p. 222512; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 3752-3759. , Oct; Dobin, A., Richter, H.J., Domain wall assisted magnetic recording (2006) Proc. IEEE Int. Magn. Conf. (INTERMAG), May, p. 260; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., An energy barrier model for write errors in exchange-spring patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2540-2543. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., A statistical model of write-errors in bit patterned media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (5), p. 053926; Middleton, B.K., Recording and reproducing processes (1996) Magnetic Recording Technology, pp. 21-272. , C. D. Mee and E. D. Daniel, Eds., 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill; Richter, H.J., Choe, G., Terris, B.D., Recording behavior of exchange coupled composite media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (12), pp. 4769-4774. , Dec; Talbot, J.E., Kalezhi, J., Barton, C., Heldt, G., Miles, J., Write errors in bit-patterned media: The importance of parameter distribution tails (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (8). , Aug. Art. ID 3301807},
correspondence_address1={Talbot, J.E.; University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom; email: jennifer.talbot-2@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Busyatras2015,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={An iterative TMR mitigation method based on readback signal for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2445381},
art_number={7123619},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947056753&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2445381&partnerID=40&md5=3bdd6dc15962518eb5a5c09c47486659},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Off-track condition or track misregistration (TMR) is one of the most significant problems in the extremely high-density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system, since a track pitch becomes narrower. Typically, the TMR can be detected and handled by a servo system; however, it requires some special data to be inserted in the tracks so as to estimate the amount of head offset. Nonetheless, this paper proposes an iterative TMR mitigation method for BPMR systems based on the readback signals. First, we design several pairs of the 2-D asymmetric target and its corresponding 2-D equalizer that match the BPMR channel for each TMR level. Then, we exploit the three adjacent data tracks obtained from the low-density parity-check decoders to estimate the TMR level. Last, a pair of the 2-D asymmetric target and its corresponding 2-D equalizer that is best fit to the estimated TMR level will be used to alleviate the TMR effect in the readback signal for the next global iteration. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system can effectively estimate the TMR level and performs better than the conventional system without a TMR mitigation method, especially when the TMR level is high and/or the position jitter is large. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D equalization;  Bit-patterned media recording;  inter-track interference;  track mis-registration},
keywords={Equalizers;  Satellite communication systems, 2D equalization;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Conventional systems;  Inter-track interferences;  Low density parity check decoders;  Mitigation methods;  Track misregistration, Iterative methods},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Jin, Z., Bertram, H.N., Wilson, B., Wood, R., Simulation of the off-track capability of a one terabit per square inch recording system (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1429-1435. , Mar; Chang, Y.-B., Park, D.-K., Park, N.-C., Park, Y.-P., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , Mar; He, L.N., Estimation of track misregistration by using dualstripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , Jul; Ehrlich, R., Curran, D., Major HDD TMR sources and projected scaling with TPI (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (2), pp. 885-891. , Mar; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4590-4593. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Busyatras, W., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., Estimating track mis-registration based on readback signal in bit-patterned media recording systems (2014) Proc. ITC-CSCC, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 881-884. , Jul; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Dec; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Data Storage Innovation, Thailand; email: kwchanon@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koonkarnkhai2015,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P. and Keeratiwintakorn, P.},
title={Study of fractionally spaced equalizers for bit-Patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2437891},
art_number={A147},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946235563&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2437891&partnerID=40&md5=a616124b98d56e1310adf2920806d1ee},
affiliation={Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising technology to enhance the areal density (AD) of hard disk drives beyond the limit imposed by the current perpendicular recording technology. Practically, a STS -spaced equalizer is employed in a conventional (symbol-rate) BPMR system to shape the overall channel response to a target response before performing the data-detection process, where STS is a bit period. Because the BPMR channel response has a large excess bandwidth, we propose to use a fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) in the oversampled BPMR system so as to improve the system performance. A design of the FSE and its corresponding 1-D and 2-D targets is given. Thus, we compare the performance of the oversampled BPMR system with the symbol-rate one. Results indicate that the oversampled system performs better than the symbol-rate one in terms of bit-error rate (BER). Specifically, at BER =10-4 and no media noise, the oversampled system can provide ∼1 dB gain at the ADs of 2 and 2.5 Tb/in2over the symbol-rate system. In addition, we found that the oversampled system is more robust to media noise than the symbol-rate one. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Fractionally-spaced equalizer;  oversampled system;  Target and equalizer design},
keywords={Digital storage;  Equalizers;  Hard disk storage;  Optical communication;  Optical systems, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel response;  Excess bandwidths;  Fractionally spaced equalizer;  Hard Disk Drive;  Oversampled;  Perpendicular recording, Bit error rate},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrackinterference, , Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bitpatterned Media Recording, , Ph.D. dissertation. California, San Diego, CA, USA Dept. Elect. Eng., Univ; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Chong, T.C., Zhang, S., Chen, B.J., Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (6), pp. 1976-1983. , Jun; Ungerboeck, G., Fractional tap-spacing equalizer and consequences for clock recovery in data modems (1976) IEEE Trans. Commun, 24 (8), pp. 856-864. , Aug; Qureshi, S.U.H., Forney, G.D., Performance and properties of a T/2 equalizer (1977) Proc. NTC, pp. 1111-1119. , Los Angeles, CA, USA Dec; Kovintavewat, P., Erden, M.F., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., Employing fractionally-spaced equalizers (FSE) for magnetic recording channels," in (2003) IEEE Joint North Amer. Perpendicular Magn. Rec. Conf, p. 43. , Monterey, CA, USA Jan; Song, S., (2010) Fractionally Spaced Equalization for High-speed Links, , Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng. Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA; Forney, G.D., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 18 (3), pp. 363-378. , May; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Koonkarnkhai, S.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat UniversityThailand},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dai2015,
author={Dai, X. and Li, H. and Shen, S. and Cai, M. and Wu, S.},
title={Numerical Simulation of Bearing Force over Bit-Patterned Media using 3-D DSMC Method},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2449859},
art_number={7154458},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946129710&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2449859&partnerID=40&md5=d3370a3ad2453b837c1d858655a87bb5},
affiliation={School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China},
abstract={Nowadays, hard disk drive filling with helium has emerged to achieve highly stable magnetic recording. The bearing force in helium is different from that in air. This paper uses the 3-D direct simulation Monte Carlo method to investigate the bearing force over bit-patterned media in the filling gases of air and helium under different conditions, including groove depth, ambient temperature, slider surface temperature, rotation speed of the disk, and different velocity losses during the collision process between the gas molecules and the slider. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bearing force;  bit-patterned media;  direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Helium},
keywords={Air;  Hard disk storage;  Helium;  Numerical methods, Bearing forces;  Bit-patterned media;  Collision process;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Hard Disk Drive;  Highly stables;  Rotation speed;  Surface temperatures, Monte Carlo methods},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (5). , May; Marchon, B., Pitchford, T., Hsia, Y.T., Gangopadhyay, S., The headdisk interface roadmap to an areal density of Tbit/in2 (2013) Adv. Tribol., 2013. , Feb; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3656-3662. , Nov; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discretetrack media (2007) Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 129 (4), pp. 712-719; Alexander, F., Garcia, A.L., Alder, B., (1982) Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, 2nd Ed., , London, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track recording head/disk interfaces (2009) Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 131 (1), pp. 012001-012007; Myo, K.S., Zhou, W., Yu, S., Hua, W., Direct Monte Carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2660-2663. , Oct; Li, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Slider flying characteristics over bit patterned media using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (2010) J. Adv. Mech. Design, Syst., Manuf., 4 (1), pp. 49-55; Liu, N., Zheng, J., Bogy, D.B., Thermal flying-height control sliders in hard disk drives filled with air-helium gas mixtures (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95 (21), p. 213505; Suzuki, H., Nakamiya, T., Kouno, T., (2009) Data Storage Device, , Apr. 16; Kouno, K., Aoyagi, A., Ichikawa, K., Nakamiya, T., (2009) Manufacturing Method of Hermetic Connection Terminal Used in A Disk Drive Device Having Hermetically Sealed Enclosure and Disk Drive Device, , Jul. 2; Uefune, K., Hayakawa, T., Hirono, Y., Muranishi, M., (2009) Manufacturing Method of Base and Manufacturing Method of Disk Drive Device, , Oct. 1; Huang, W., Bogy, D.B., Garcia, A.L., Three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method for slider air bearings (1997) Phys. Fluids, 9 (6), pp. 1764-1769; Huang, W., Bogy, D.B., An investigation of a slider air bearing with a asperity contact by a three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 1810-1812. , Jul; Cercignani, C., (2000) Rarefied Gas Dynamics 1st Ed., , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Liu, C.-Y., Lees, L., Kinetic theory description of plane compressible Couette flow (1961) Rarefied Gas Dynamics, pp. 391-428. , New York, NY, USA: Academic; Liu, N., Bogy, D.B., Particle contamination on a thermal flyingheight control slider (2010) Tribol. Lett., 37 (1), pp. 93-97; Zhou, W.D., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Inert gas filled head-disk interface for future extremely high density magnetic recording (2009) Tribol. Lett., 33 (3), pp. 179-186},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, China; email: li_hui@whu.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Victora2015,
author={Victora, R.H. and Wang, S.},
title={Simulation of Expected Areal Density Gain for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Relative to Other Advanced Recording Schemes},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2436819},
art_number={7112134},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946125938&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2436819&partnerID=40&md5=1ca292e3800e4168fdfff9bb04f5f768},
affiliation={Center of Micromagnetic and Information Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States},
abstract={In this paper, we review our latest progress for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) systems. The temperature distribution has been computed using the finite difference time domain technique and by solving the heat diffusion equation. Magnetic behavior has been calculated using a renormalized cell technique (granular media) and atomistic simulation [bit-patterned media (BPM)]. We find that the ultimate density of HAMR on granular media depends greatly on grain size, with a 5 nm grain pitch yielding ∼ 4 Tb/in2. We were unable to exceed ∼ 5.8 Tb/in2 on BPM owing to excessive heating of the adjacent track, causing adjacent track erasure to date. Shingled recording on granular media, using two dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) detection depends greatly on the mechanical systems, with likely user densities reaching ∼ 2.5 Tb/in2. Finally, shingled recording without heat assist on BPM yielded an unexpectedly high density of ∼ 8 Tb/in2. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  heat assisted magnetic recording;  Shingled magnetic recording},
keywords={Finite difference time domain method;  Granular materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Finite difference time domain technique;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Heat diffusion equations;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Time domain analysis},
references={Victora, R.H., Huang, P.-W., Simulation of heat-assisted magnetic recording using renormalized media cells (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 751-757. , Feb; Victora, R.H., Wang, S., Huang, P., Ghoreyshi, A., Noise mitigation in granular and bit-patterned media for HAMR (2015) IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (4). , Apr; Brown, W.F., Jr., Thermal fluctuations of a single-domain particle (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, pp. 1677-1686. , Jun; Kunz, K.S., Luebbers, R.J., (1993) The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics, , Boca Raton FL USA: CRC Press; Huang, P.-W., Victora, R.H., Approaching the grain-size limit for jitter using FeRh/FePt in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Reader design for bit patterned media recording at 10 Tb/in2 density (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (10), pp. 5208-5214. , Oct; Stipe, B.C., Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb m?2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Nature Photon, 4, pp. 484-488. , May; Pisana, S., Measurement of the Curie temperature distribution in FePt granular magnetic media (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104 (16), p. 162407; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Study of twodimensional magnetic recording system including micromagnetic writer (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11). , Nov; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., A path method for finding energy barriers and minimum energy paths in complex micromagnetic systems (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, pp. 12-19. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Wang, S.; Center of Micromagnetic and Information Technology, United States; email: wang3936@umn.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saito2015,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Signal-Processing Schemes for Multi-Track Recording and Simultaneous Detection Using High Areal Density Bit-Patterned Media Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2436717},
art_number={7112172},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946124382&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2436717&partnerID=40&md5=208309f93c62a94387e8617730dbacbd},
affiliation={Department of Applied PhysicsSchool of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={Recent magnetic recording technologies have opened the possibility of reaching densities of 10 Tb/in2. A 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR) scheme has pointed out one of the key technologies for increasing areal density. From the viewpoint of signal processing for TDMR, a recording system is desirable or preferable to be capable of allowing to get readback signals from a group of adjacent parallel tracks and detect recorded data written in these tracks simultaneously. This paper proposes a novel signal processing scheme with coding and detection for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) which is considered to be TDMR using bit-patterned media. Actually, the proposed signal processing scheme for BPMR gets mixed readback signal sequences from the parallel tracks using a single reading head and these readback signal sequences are equalized to a frequency response given by a desired 2-D generalized partial response system. In decoding process, a single maximum likelihood sequence detector is capable of detecting the equalized signal sequence, and it leads to an increase in the effective transfer rate because the recorded data on the parallel tracks are decoded for each time slot. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  generalized partial response;  two-dimensioinal magnetic recording},
keywords={Decoding;  Frequency response;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Maximum likelihood, Bit-patterned media;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Effective transfer rates;  Generalized partial response;  High areal density;  Maximum likelihood sequence detectors;  Multi-track recording;  Simultaneous detection, Signal processing},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Zheng, W.X., Least-squares identification of a class of multivariable systems with correlated disturbances (1999) J. Franklin Inst., 336 (8), pp. 1309-1324. , Nov; Zhang, Y., Unbiased identification of a class of multi-input single-output systems with correlated disturbances using bias compensation methods (2011) Math. Comput. Model., 53 (9-10), pp. 1810-1819. , May; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Brickner, B., Moon, J., Design of a rate 6/7 maximum transition run code (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (5), pp. 2749-2751. , Sep; Ordentlich, E., Roth, R.M., Two-dimensional maximum-likelihood sequence detection is NP hard (2011) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (12), pp. 7661-7670. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; Department of Applied PhysicsSchool of Advanced Engineering, Japan; email: h-saito@cc.kogakuin.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ohnuki2015,
author={Ohnuki, S. and Takano, Y. and Kuma, A. and Tatsuzawa, K. and Ashizawa, Y. and Nakagawa, K.},
title={EM simulation for designing next generation magnetic recording systems},
journal={2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference, URSI AT-RASC 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/URSI-AT-RASC.2015.7302958},
art_number={7302958},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference, URSI AT-RASC 2015 ; Conference Date: 16 May 2015 Through 24 May 2015;  Conference Code:117295},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959572023&doi=10.1109%2fURSI-AT-RASC.2015.7302958&partnerID=40&md5=b5e924ae78aaaefa446f7173f0a2912e},
affiliation={College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={EM simulation impacts many different areas. One of practical and industrial applications is designing magnetic recording systems; higher density and faster recording methods are needed to develop for huge amount of information storage, big data analysis, and so on. In this presentation, we will introduce recent progress of our computational EM studies, especially for technologies using bit patterned media and plasmonic antennas, toward developing next generation magnetic recording systems for higher density and faster recording (Nakagawa et al., J. Appl. Phys., 109, 2011, 07B735-1-07B735-3; Ohnuki et al., Radio Science, 49, in press). © 2015 International Union of Radio Science (URSI).},
keywords={Big data;  Digital storage;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Radio;  Recording instruments, Amount of information;  Bit-patterned media;  EM simulations;  Magnetic recording systems;  Radio science;  Recent progress, Magnetic recording},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9789090086286},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={URSI Atl. Radio Sci. Conf., URSI AT-RASC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wong2015,
author={Wong, S.-K. and Sbiaa, R. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Tahmasebi, T.},
title={Magnetic Properties and Magnetization Reversal of Thin Films and Nanodots Consisting of Exchange-Coupled Composite Co/Pd Multi-Layer and Co Layer with Orthogonal Anisotropies},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={9},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2377011},
art_number={6975175},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939864529&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2377011&partnerID=40&md5=2ec1079af2550a63b7859de4a204d04f},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 117608, Singapore; Department of Physics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Oman; Global Foundries, Singapore, 738406, Singapore},
abstract={We report on the fabrication and measurement of the switching characteristics of Co/Pd multi-layer thin films and nanodots. We used the method of anomalous Hall effect to obtain the hysteresis curves of both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization. While Co/Pd thin film is found to switch by nucleation followed by domain propagation, Co/Pd nanodots switch by quasi-coherent rotation. We found that the coercivity of Co/Pd increases by a power law with respect to decreasing dots size. The coercivity can be reduced by exchange coupling the Co/Pd multi-layer to a 2 nm thick Co layer. Adding a Cu spacer layer between the Co/Pd multi-layer and Co layer provides a reliable way to modulate the strength of exchange coupling and tailoring the coercivity. As the Cu spacer becomes thicker, the coercivity increases. The exchange energy density is estimated to be 14.6 Merg/cm3 and the exchange constant, 2.92 erg/cm2. The dependence of saturation field and coercivity on the thickness of the Cu spacer layer is fitted to the same empirical model and the exchange interaction is found to decay exponentially with distance. The exchange-coupled samples switch by quasi-domain propagation for both thin films and nanodots. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Anomalous Hall effect;  bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  exchange interaction;  Perpendicular and in-plane anisotropy},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Coercive force;  Composite films;  Exchange coupling;  Exchange interactions;  Film preparation;  Hall effect;  Magnetization;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanocomposite films;  Thin films, Anomalous hall effects;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Exchange constants;  In-plane anisotropy;  Multi-layer thin film;  Orthogonal anisotropy;  Switching characteristics, Cobalt},
references={Yoo, I., Kim, D.-K., Kim, Y.K., Switching characteristics of submicrometer magnetic tunnel junction devices with perpendicular anisotropy (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97 (10), p. 10C919. , May; Park, J.-H., Park, C., Jeong, T., Moneck, M.T., Nufer, N.T., Zhu, J.-G., Co/Pt multilayer based magnetic tunnel junctions using perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2008) J. Appl. Phys, 103 (7), p. 07A917. , Mar; Law, R., Sbiaa, R., Liew, T., Chong, T.C., Magnetoresistance and switching properties of Co-Fe/Pd-based perpendicular anisotropy single-and dual-spin valves (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 2612-2615. , Nov; Ikeda, S., A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction (2010) Nature Mater, 9, pp. 721-724. , Jul; Yang, P.Y., Zhu, X.Y., Chen, G., Zeng, F., Pan, F., Hysteretic giant magnetoresistance curves induced by interlayer magnetostatic coupling in [Pd/Co]/Cu/Co/Cu/[Co/Pd] dual spin valves (2010) J. Appl. Phys, 107 (8), p. 083902. , Apr; Yakushiji, K., Ultrathin Co/Pt and Co/Pd superlattice films for MgO-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 97 (23), p. 232508. , Dec; Meng, H., Sbiaa, R., Akhtar, M.A.K., Liu, R.S., Naik, V.B., Wang, C.C., Electric field effects in low resistance CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett, 100 (12), p. 122405. , Mar; Sbiaa, R., Meng, H., Piramanayagam, S.N., Materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for magnetic random access memory (2011) Phys. Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Res. Lett, 5 (12), pp. 413-419. , Dec; Hu, B., Amos, N., Tian, Y., Butler, J., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Study of Co/Pd multilayers as a candidate material for next generation magnetic media (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (3), p. 034314. , Feb; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96, p. 257204. , Jun; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 101 (2), pp. 0239091-0239094. , Jan; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 92 (1), p. 012506. , Jan; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.L., Law, R., Patterned media with composite structure for writability at high areal recording density (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105 (7), p. 073904. , Apr; Pfau, B., Origin of magnetic switching field distribution in bit patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett, 99 (6), pp. 0625021-0625023. , Aug; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., Calculation of individual bit island switching field distribution in perpendicular magnetic bit patterned media (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), p. 07B758. , Apr; Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Fidler, J., Dymerska, B., Suess, D., Albrecht, M., Contribution of the easy axis orientation, anisotropy distribution and dot size on the switching field distribution of bit patterned media (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett, 99 (6), p. 062505. , Aug; Hauet, T., Influence of ion irradiation on switching field and switching field distribution in arrays of Co/Pd-based bit pattern media (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett, 98 (17), p. 172506. , Apr; Mattheis, R., Berkov, D., Gorn, N., Magnetic reversal in ultra-thin nanoshaped magnetic dots: Numerical simulations and Kerr observation (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 198-199, pp. 216-218. , Jun; Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., Sensitive detection of irreversible switching in a single FePt nanosized dot (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 82 (24), pp. 4313-4315. , Jun; Alexandrou, M., Spatial sensitivity mapping of Hall crosses using patterned magnetic nanostructures (2010) J. Appl. Phys, 108 (4), p. 043920. , Aug; Lau, J.W., Liu, X., Boling, R.C., Shaw, J.M., Decoupling nucleation and domain-wall propagation regimes in (Co/Pd)n multilayer nanostructures (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 214427. , Dec; Thiyagarajah, N., Lin, L., Bae, S., Fabrication of single-dot planar nano-devices and the application to the exchange bias characterization in nano-pillar devices (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett, 101 (22), p. 222406. , Nov; Wong, S.-K., Anomalous Hall effect measurement of novel magnetic multilayers (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 106 (9), p. 093904. , Nov; Wong, S.K., Srinivasan, K., Sbiaa, R., Law, R., Tan, E., Piramanayagam, S.N., Characterization of coupled novel magnetic multilayers with anomalous Hall effect (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2409-2412. , Jun; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., Suna, A., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co thin film layered structures (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett, 47 (2), pp. 178-180. , Jul; Draaisma, H.J.G., De Jonge, W.J.M., Den Broeder, F.J.A., Magnetic interface anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pd/Fe multilayers (1987) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 66 (3), pp. 351-355. , Apr; Johnson, M.T., Bloemen, P.J.H., Den Broeder, F.J.A., De Vries, J.J., Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys, 59 (11), pp. 1409-1458. , Jul; Jiles, D.C., (1998) Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2nd Ed, p. 152. , London, U.K.: Chapman & Hall ch. 6; Engel, B.N., England, C.D., Van Leeuwen, R.A., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., Interface magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial superlattices (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett, 67, pp. 1910-1913. , Sep; Sbiaa, R., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., Effect of film texture on magnetization reversal and switching field in continuous and patterned (Co/Pd) multilayers (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 106 (2), p. 023906. , Jul; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., Magnetization reversal in Co/Pd nanostructures and films (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97 (10), p. 10J702. , May; Lau, J.W., Liu, X., Boling, R.C., Shaw, J.M., Decoupling nucleation and domain-wall propagation regimes in (Co/Pd)n multilayer nanostructures (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 214427. , Dec; Tannous, C., Gieraltowski, J., The Stoner-Wohlfarth model of ferromagnetism (2008) Eur. J. Phys, 29 (3), pp. 475-487. , Mar; Sbiaa, R., Le Gall, H., Braik, Y., Desvignes, J.M., Yurchenko, S., Ferro-and antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in magnetooptical bilayers with planar and perpendicular anisotropy (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (6), pp. 3274-3276. , Nov; Shen J.-P.WangW., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , Oct; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., Composite media (dynamic tilted media) for magnetic recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 86 (14), p. 142504. , Apr; Law, R., Tan, E.-L., Sbiaa, R., Liew, T., Chong, T.C., Reduction in critical current for spin transfer switching in perpendicular anisotropy spin valves using an in-plane spin polarizer (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 94 (6), p. 062516. , Feb; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 97 (8), p. 082501. , Aug; Nguyen, T.N.A., Co/Pd]-NiFe exchange springs with tunable magnetization tilt angle (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett, 98 (17), p. 172502. , Apr; Belmeguenai, M., Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Precessional switching on exchange biased patterned magnetic media with perpendicular anisotropy (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97 (8), p. 083903. , Apr; Abes, M., Magnetic switching field distribution of patterned CoPt dots (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105 (11), pp. 1139161-1139168. , Jun; Hellwig, O., Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 95 (23), pp. 2325051-2325053. , Dec; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., Antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105 (7), pp. 07C1181-07C1183. , Mar; Ranjbar, M., Antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media and control of switching field distribution (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1787-1790. , Jun; Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96 (5), pp. 0525111-0525113. , Feb; Gökemeijer, N.J., Ambrose, T., Chien, C.L., Long-range exchange bias across a spacer layer (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett, 79, pp. 4270-4273. , Nov; Parkin, S.S.P., More, N., Roche, K.P., Oscillations in exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in metallic superlattice structures: Co/Ru, Co/Cr, and Fe/Cr (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett, 64, pp. 2304-2307. , May; Stiles, M.D., Interlayer exchange coupling (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 200 (1-3), pp. 322-337. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Wong, S.-K.; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2015,
author={Li, Z. and Zhang, W. and Krishnan, K.M.},
title={Large-area patterning of sub-100 nm epitaxial L10 FePt dots array via nanoimprint lithography},
journal={AIP Advances},
year={2015},
volume={5},
number={8},
doi={10.1063/1.4929578},
art_number={087165},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940116908&doi=10.1063%2f1.4929578&partnerID=40&md5=ef98c9b4beb5cb59327706a740f8179b},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA  98195, United States; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL  60439, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned media, a promising candidate for next generation high density magnetic recording, requires sub-100 nm dots array on a wafer scale, a high degree of patterning control of the size distribution, and a material with high perpendicular anisotropy. In this work, large area (0.75 cm × 0.75 cm) dots array was achieved by nanoimprint lithography and ion milling from L10 FePt thin films that are pre-sputtered at 450 °C with both high crystalline quality and good chemical order. The sub-100 nm dots are decoupled from each other and show both narrow size distributions and high coercivity values on the order of 11 kOe. Our work would cast light for the application of bit-patterned media. © 2015 Author(s).},
keywords={Coercive force;  Magnetic recording;  Size distribution, Bit-patterned media;  FePt thin films;  High coercivity;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  High-crystalline quality;  High-density magnetic recording;  Large-area patterning;  Narrow size distributions, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Pan, L., Bogy, D.B., (2009) Nature Photonics, 3, p. 189; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Vaictora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R.T., Brockie, R., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Srinivasan, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Chapter 4. Perpendicular recording media (2011) Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective, , edited by S. N. Piramanayagam and Tow C. Chong (John Wiley & Sons); Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Perumal, A., Takahashi, Y.K., Seki, T.O., Hono, K., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22; Seki, T., Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y., Matsubara, E., Hono, K., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2522; Seki, T., Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y., Matsubara, E., Hono, K., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 2461; Chena, J.S., Lima, B.C., Dinga, Y.F., Chow, G.M., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 303, p. 309; Maeda, T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3331; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 40, p. R149; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. & Tech. B, 14, p. 4129; Guo, L.J., (2007) Advanced Materials, 19, p. 495; Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2009) Physica Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Research Letters, 3, p. 130; Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C.L., Faisal, M., Leung, C.W., Pong, P.W.T., Wong, W.Y., (2012) Advanced Materials, 24, p. 1033; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110; Li, Z., Krishnan, K.M., (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113, p. 17B901; Li, Z., Kwon, B.S., Krishnan, K.M., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17E502; www.ntt-at.com/product/Nanoimprint_custom; Zhang, W., Krishnan, K.M., (2014) J. Micromech. Microeng., 24; Zhang, W., Weiss, D.N., Krishnan, K.M., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107; Kwon, B.S., Li, Z., Zhang, W., Krishnan, K.M., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B506; Kwon, B.S., Zhang, W., Li, Z., Krishnan, K.M., (2015) Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2; Zhang, W., Weiss, D.N., Krishnan, K.M., (2011) J. Microm. & Microe., 21; Platt, C.L., Wierman, K.W., Svedberg, E.B., Van De Veerdonk, R., Howard, J.K., Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 6104; Li, G.Q., Takahoshi, H., Ito, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., Shima, T., Takanashi, K., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 94, p. 5672; Mauri, D., Siegmann, H.C., Bagus, P.S., Kay, E., (1987) J. Appl. Phys., 62, p. 3047; Klemmer, T., Hoydick, D., Okumura, H., Zhang, B., Soffa, W.A., (1995) Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 33, p. 1793; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; through discussion with Dr. Bruce Terris; Dittrich, R., Hu, G., Schrefl, T., Thomson, T., Suess, D., Terris, B.D., Fidler, J., (2005) J. App. Phys., 97, p. 10J705; Lau, J.W., Liu, X., Boling, R.C., Shaw, J.M., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82; Victora, R., Shen, X., (2005) Magn. IEEE Trans., 41, p. 537; Eckert, D., (1990) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 83, p. 197; Jamet, J.-P., Lemerle, S., Meyer, P., Ferré, J., Bartenlian, B., Bardou, N., Chappert, C., Launois, H., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 14320; Kneller, E.F., Hawig, R., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 3588; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98},
correspondence_address1={Krishnan, K.M.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, United States; email: kannanmk@uw.edu},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21583226},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Adv.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Busyatras2015892,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L.M.M. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A TMR mitigation method based on readback signal in bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2015},
volume={E98C},
number={8},
pages={892-898},
doi={10.1587/transele.E98.C.892},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938583978&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E98.C.892&partnerID=40&md5=e5f8870d4411c4a53517722d4ca92089},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation (D STAR), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, 12160, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={Track mis-registration (TMR) is one of the major problems in high-density magnetic recording systems such as bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). In general, TMR results from the misalignment between the center of the read head and that of the main track, which can deteriorate the system performance. Although TMR can be handled by a servo system, this paper proposes a novel method to alleviate the TMR effect, based on the readback signal. Specifically, the readback signal is directly used to estimate a TMR level and is then further processed by the suitable target and equalizer designed for such a TMR level. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can sufficiently estimate the TMR level and then helps improve the system performance if compared to the conventional receiver that does not employ a TMR mitigation method, especially when an areal density is high and/or a TMR level is large. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Estimation method;  Signal-to-noise ratio;  Track mis-registration;  Two-dimensional equalization},
keywords={Signal to noise ratio, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Estimation methods;  High-density magnetic recording;  Mitigation methods;  Track misregistration;  Two-dimensional equalization, Magnetic recording},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Dec; Koonkamkhai, S., Keeratiwintakom, P., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Two-dimensional cross-track asymmetric target design for high-density bit-patternedmedia recording (2011) Proc. ISPACS 2011, pp. 1-4. , Dec. 7-9; He, L.N., Wang, Z.G., Liu, B., Mapps, D.J., Robinson, P., Clegg, W.W., Wilton, D.T., Nakamura, Y., Estimation of track misregistration by using dualstripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , July; Chang, Y.-B., Park, D.-K., Park, N.-C., Park, Y.-P., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , March; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4590-4593. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate inter-track interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , June; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded- bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit- patterned media recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; HGST a Western Digital company, (2014) Advanced Format Technology Brief, pp. 1-4. , HGST. Inc., March; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , March; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Data Storage Innovation (D STAR), Thailand; email: kwchanon@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Maruzen Co., Ltd.},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu2015,
author={Wu, T. and Armand, M.A.},
title={Marker Codes on BPMR Write Channel With Data-Dependent Written-in Errors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={8},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2421278},
art_number={7081771},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938376846&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2421278&partnerID=40&md5=d092c9528c6f08dd60c19ac4ee1d1b0e},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore},
abstract={The performance of bit-patterned media recording is limited, in part, by written-in errors in the write channel, which has recently been modeled by a channel introducing data-dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution (DIDS) errors. The Davey-MacKay (DM) construction has shown promising error performance on the DIDS channel, where synchronization errors are sparse and burst error lengths before and after each synchronization error are short. In this paper, we consider marker codes with a nonbinary low-density parity-check code as the outer code for the DIDS channel. Our contributions are twofold. First, we propose two computationally efficient inner decoding schemes for the DM and marker code constructions. One is suitable when the burst errors in the DIDS channel are short, and the other when the burst errors are long. Second, our computer simulations show that marker codes can increasingly outperform DM codes as the burst error length increases, and thus provide greater robustness against burst errors on the DIDS channel. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Davey-MacKay (DM) construction;  marker code;  written-in errors},
keywords={Channel coding;  Codes (symbols);  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Satellite communication systems, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Burst error length;  Computationally efficient;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Marker codes;  Synchronization error;  Written-in errors, Errors},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Keele, R.C., (2012) Advances in Modeling and Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Magnetic Recording Channels with Written-in Errors, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Univ. Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Ng, Y.B., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Sellers, F., Jr., Bit loss and gain correction code (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 35-38. , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan. Art. ID; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun., 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Ratzer, E.A., MacKay, D.J.C., Codes for channels with insertions, deletions and substitutions (2000) Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Turbo Codes Appl., pp. 149-156; Ratzer, E.A., Marker codes for channels with insertions and deletions (2005) Ann. des Telecommun., 60 (1-2), pp. 29-44. , Feb; Declercq, D., Fossorier, M., Decoding algorithms for nonbinary LDPC codes over GF(q) (2007) IEEE Trans. Commun., 55 (4), pp. 633-643. , Apr; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., Interleaved LDPC codes, reducedcomplexity inner decoder and an iterative decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction (2011) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, pp. 742-746. , St. Petersburg, Russia, Jul./Aug; Nguyen, P.-M., Armand, M.A., Wu, T., Improved codes for synchronization error correction on the BPMR channel (2014) Proc. 25th Magn. Rec. Conf. (TMRC), pp. 129-130. , Berkeley, CA, USA, Aug; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Armand, M.A.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wan20157506,
author={Wan, L. and Ruiz, R. and Gao, H. and Patel, K.C. and Albrecht, T.R. and Yin, J. and Kim, J. and Cao, Y. and Lin, G.},
title={The Limits of Lamellae-Forming PS- b -PMMA Block Copolymers for Lithography},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2015},
volume={9},
number={7},
pages={7506-7514},
doi={10.1021/acsnano.5b02613},
note={cited By 116},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938118618&doi=10.1021%2facsnano.5b02613&partnerID=40&md5=5f420c2e3a58c03d7904ad887c0edc33},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA  95135, United States; EMD Performance Materials Corp., 70 Meister Avenue, Somerville, NJ  08876, United States},
abstract={We explore the lithographic limits of lamellae-forming PS-b-PMMA block copolymers by performing directed self-assembly and pattern transfer on a range of PS-b-PMMA materials having a full pitch from 27 to 18.5 nm. While directed self-assembly on chemical contrast patterns was successful with all the materials used in this study, clean removal of PMMA domains and subsequent pattern transfer could only be sustained down to 22 nm full pitch. We attribute this limitation to the width of the interface, which may represent more than half of the domain width for materials with a critical dimension below 10 nm. With the limit of pattern transfer for PS-b-PMMA set at 11 nm, we propose an integration scheme suitable for bit patterned media for densities above 1.6 Tdot/in2, which require features below this limit. Directed self-assembly was carried out on chemical contrast patterns made by a rotary e-beam lithography system, and pattern transfer was carried out to demonstrate fabrication of large area (up to 25 mm-wide annular band of circular tracks) nanoimprint templates for bit patterned media. We also demonstrate compatibility with hard disk drive architecture by fabricating patterns with skewed radial lines with constant angular pitch and with servo patterns that are needed in hard disk drives to generate a radial positional error signal (PES). © 2015 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  block copolymer lithography;  lamellae;  nanoimprint template fabrication;  pattern transfer;  PS- b -PMMA;  rotary e-beam lithography},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Contrast media;  Electron beam lithography;  Interfaces (materials);  Lithography;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  e-Beam lithography;  lamellae;  Pattern transfers;  Template fabrication, Hard disk storage},
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Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-Inch Disk Patterned Media Prepared by an Artificially Assisted Self-Assembling Method (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1949-1951; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers on Lithographically Defined Nanopatterned Substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Blends into Nonregular Device-Oriented Structures (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1442-1446; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense Self-Assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns: Rectifying and Multiplying Lithographic Patterns Using Block Copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Liu, C.C., Ramirez-Hernandez, A., Han, E., Craig, G.S.W., Tada, Y., Yoshida, H., Kang, H.M., Nealey, P.F., Chemical Patterns for Directed Self-Assembly of Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers with Density Multiplication of Features (2013) Macromolecules, 46, pp. 1415-1424; Rockford, L., Liu, Y., Mansky, P., Russell, T.P., Yoon, M., Mochrie, S.G.J., Polymers on Nanoperiodic, Heterogeneous Surfaces (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, p. 2602; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Hsu, Y., Feldbaum, M., Lee, K., Kuo, D., Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer for Bit Patterned Media with Areal Density of 1.5 Teradot/Inch2 and beyond (2013) J. Nanomater., 2013, p. 17; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., Graphoepitaxy of Spherical Domain Block Copolymer Films (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, p. 1152; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Fabrication of Nanostructures with Long-Range Order Using Block Copolymer Lithography (2002) Appl. Phys. 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SPIE, 8323, p. 83230U; Liu, C.C., Han, E., Onses, M.S., Thode, C.J., Ji, S.X., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Fabrication of Lithographically Defined Chemically Patterned Polymer Brushes and Mats (2011) Macromolecules, 44, pp. 1876-1885; Leibler, L., Theory of Microphase Separation in Block Copolymers (1980) Macromolecules, 13, pp. 1602-1617; Walton, D.G., Kellogg, G.J., Mayes, A.M., Lambooy, P., Russell, T.P., A Free-Energy Model for Confined Diblock Copolymers (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 6225-6228; Helfand, E., Tagami, Y., Theory of the Interface between Immiscible Polymers (1971) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Lett., 9, pp. 741-746; Hadjichristidis, N., Pispas, S., Floudas, G., (2003) Block Copolymers: Synthetic Strategies, Physical Properties, and Applications, , John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ; Sunday, D.F., Ashley, E., Wan, L., Patel, K.C., Ruiz, R., Kline, R.J., Template-Polymer Commensurability and Directed Self-Assembly Block Copolymer Lithography (2015) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 53, pp. 595-603; Chevalier, X., Nicolet, C., Tiron, R., Gharbi, A., Argoud, M., Pradelles, J., Delalande, M., Navarro, C., Scaling-Down Lithographic Dimensions with Block-Copolymer Materials: 10-nm-Sized Features with Poly(styrene)- block -poly(methylmethacrylate) (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 12, p. 031102; Tsai, H., Pitera, J.W., Miyazoe, H., Bangsaruntip, S., Engelmann, S.U., Liu, C.-C., Cheng, J.Y., Joseph, E.A., Two-Dimensional Pattern Formation Using Graphoepitaxy of PS- b -PMMA Block Copolymers for Advanced FinFET Device and Circuit Fabrication (2014) ACS Nano, 8, pp. 5227-5232; Rathsack, B., Somervell, M., Hooge, J., Muramatsu, M., Tanouchi, K., Kitano, T., Nishimura, E., Hiroyuki, I., Pattern Scaling with Directed Self Assembly Through Lithography and Etch Process Integration (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8323, p. 83230B; Tsai, H.Y., Miyazoe, H., Engelmann, S., To, B., Sikorski, E., Bucchignano, J., Klaus, D., Guillorn, M., Sub-30nm Pitch Line-Space Patterning of Semiconductor and Dielectric Materials Using Directed Self-Assembly (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30, p. 6; Tsai, H., Miyazoe, H., Cheng, J., Brink, M., Dawes, S., Klaus, D., Bucchignano, J., Guillorn, M.A., Self-Aligned Line-Space Pattern Customization with Directed Self-Assembly Grapho-Epitaxy at 24nm Pitch (2015) Proc. SPIE, 9423, p. 942314; Sivaniah, E., Matsubara, S., Zhao, Y., Hashimoto, T., Fukunaga, K., Kramer, E.J., Mates, T.E., Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films on Rough Substrates: Microdomain Periodicity in Pure and Blended Films (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 2584-2592; Bencher, C., Smith, J., Miao, L., Cai, C., Chen, Y., Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Hinsberg, W.D., Self-Assembly Patterning for Sub-15nm Half-Pitch: A Transition from Lab to Fab (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, p. 79700F; Rincon Delgadillo, P., Harukawa, R., Suri, M., Durant, S., Cross, A., Defect Source Analysis of Directed Self-Assembly Process (DSA of DSA) (2013) Proc. SPIE, 8680, p. 86800L; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., Nanoimprint Mold for 2.5 Tbit/in.2 Directed Self-Assembly Bit Patterned Media with Phase Servo Pattern (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Hsu, Y., Wang, H., Hwu, J., Steiner, P., Wago, K., Kuo, D., Fabrication of Servo-Integrated Template for 1.5 Teradot/inch2 Bit Patterned Media with Block Copolymer Directed Assembly (2014) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 13, p. 031307; Lille, J., Ruiz, R., Wan, L., Gao, H., Dhanda, A., Zeltzer, G., Arnoldussen, T., Albrecht, T.R., Integration of Servo and High Bit Aspect Ratio Data Patterns on Nanoimprint Templates for Patterned Media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 2757-2760; Liu, G., Nealey, P.F., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of Chevron Patterns for Patterned Media with Block Copolymer Directed Assembly (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 29, p. 06F204; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned Media for Future Magnetic Data Storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording: Nanoscale Magnetic Islands for Data Storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , Liu, J. P. Fullerton, E. Gutfleisch, O. Sellmyer, D. J. Springer: New York; Rubin, K.A., Terris, B.D., (2005) Patterned Media Having Offset Tracks, , U. S. Patent, Aug. 30; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Weller, D., (2007) Data Storage Device with Bit Patterned Media with Staggered Islands, , U. S. Patent, Nov 8; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Hwu, J.J., Wago, K., Kuo, D., Directed Self-Assembly for High-Density Bit-Patterned Media Fabrication Using Spherical Block Copolymers (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 12, p. 031110; Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Willson, C.G., Step & Flash Imprint Lithography (2005) Mater. Today, 8, pp. 34-42},
correspondence_address1={Wan, L.; HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, United States},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19360851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kong2015,
author={Kong, L. and He, L. and Chen, P. and Han, G. and Fang, Y.},
title={Protograph based quasi-cyclic LDPC coding for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157697},
art_number={7157697},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942475173&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157697&partnerID=40&md5=f6cd1b31224d0acc4c0b8426217519ed},
affiliation={School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Communications, Nanjing, China; Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China; School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), heat (or microwave) assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and shingled writing (SW)/two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) have been primed to further increase the areal density of magnetic recording beyond 1Tb/in2[1-3]. However, with the reduction of the track pitch, inter-track interference (ITI) becomes a major impairment for these magnetic recording systems. ITI combined with the conventional (down-track) inter-symbol interference (ISI) forms a two-dimensional (2D) interference that severely degrades the performance of data detection in these systems. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Channel estimation;  Communication channels (information theory);  Magnetism, Areal densities;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Quasi-cyclic;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Kong, L.J., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J.P., Han, G.J., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXIT-chart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISI channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , Jun; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2D inter-symbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Jun; Guan, Y.L., Han, G.J., Kong, L.J., Chan, K.S., Cai, K., Zheng, J., Coding and signal processing for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 194-199},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Elyasi2015,
author={Elyasi, M. and Bhatia, C.S. and Yang, H.},
title={Collective mode excitation assist for magnetization reversal},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157145},
art_number={7157145},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942474654&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157145&partnerID=40&md5=8665f89680c48de2f919aaffe2016f6b},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The large arrays of magnetic dots are the basis of magnonic crystals and bit patterned media.[1,2] Resonance behaviors of densely packed magnetic arrays have been a subject of recent intensified research for their applications in microwave technology or signal transfer.[3,4] Structural or magnetization non-uniformities in magnonic crystals lead to the appearance of defect modes, resulting in the modification of the magnon band-structure.[5] It has been demonstrated experimentally that the state of a vortex matrix, is selectively formed under different frequencies of microwave excitation.[6] © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Crystal structure;  Excited states;  Microwave devices, Bit-patterned media;  Collective modes;  Different frequency;  Magnetic arrays;  Magnonic crystals;  Microwave excitations;  Microwave technology;  Non-uniformities, Magnetization reversal},
references={(2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; (2011) Phys. Rep., 507, p. 107; (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 144419; (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 042506; (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, p. 047205; (2013) Phys. Rev. B, 88, p. 224425; (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014427; (2015) Sci. Rep., 5, p. 7908},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Busyatras2015,
author={Busyatras, W. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L. and Supnithi, P. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={An iterative TMR mitigation method based on readback signals for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157699},
art_number={7157699},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942474611&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157699&partnerID=40&md5=ef2675ca72b8d93233d3d8b1eb06128e},
affiliation={Collage of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand; Telecommunications Engineering Department, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Bangkok, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand},
abstract={Off track condition or track mis-registration (TMR) is the most significant problem in the extremely high-density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system since a track pitch or spacing between the adjacent tracks becomes narrower [1]. Although the servo system is used to handle the TMR [2-3], it requires some special data to be inserted in the tracks so as to estimate the amount of head offset. However, it is normally difficult to approximate the behavior of the read head when the TMR occurred beyond the limit [3]. Therefore, this paper proposes an iterative TMR mitigation method for BPMR systems based on the readback signals. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Adjacent track;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Head offset;  Mitigation methods;  Read heads;  Track misregistration;  Track pitch, Iterative methods},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; He, L.N., Estimation of track misregistration by using dual stripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 2348-2355. , Jul; Chang, Y., Park, D., Park, N., Park, Y., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate inter-track interference in bitpatterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Busyatras, W., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., Estimating track misregistration based on readback signal in bit-patterned media recording systems (2014) The 29th ITC-CSCC, pp. 881-884. , July 1-4, Phuket, Thailand},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Han2015,
author={Han, G. and Wang, M. and Fang, Y. and Kong, L.},
title={Joint low-complexity detection and reliability-based BP decoding for non-binary LDPC coded TDMR channels},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157693},
art_number={7157693},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942474243&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157693&partnerID=40&md5=f7f6bb09b07e96534879f4da42636713},
affiliation={School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Communications, Nanjing, China},
abstract={Bit Patterned media recording (BPMR), heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), and shingled writing (SMR) with 2-dimensional (2-D) readback have been explored to further scale magnetic recording areal density over the next decade. However, from a signal processing perspective, all these magnetic recording technologies face a common challenge that is how to efficiently recover recorded data from the readback signals corrupted by inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Signal encoding, Areal densities;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Inter-track interferences;  Low-complexity detections;  Non-binary ldpc;  Reliability-based, Magnetism},
references={Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2-D intersymbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Huang, X., Check node reliability-based scheduling for bp decoding of non-binary ldpc codes (2013) IEEE Trans. Commun., 61 (3), pp. 877-885; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Kong, L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Towards optimal edge weight distribution and construction of field-compatible-ldpc codes over gf(q) (2014) IET Communications, 8 (18), pp. 3215-3222},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yi2015,
author={Yi, M. and Xu, B.},
title={Mechanically induced 180°switching in nanomagnets},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157017},
art_number={7157017},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942465828&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157017&partnerID=40&md5=67b8947ac6dcf514067ac034309e2c35},
affiliation={Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany},
abstract={Miniaturization of the magnetic devices is highly recommended for achieving large areal density up to 1 Tbit/in2 in magnetic data storage. Recently, based on the bit patterned media (BPM) concept, nanomagnets have shown huge prospect in this aspect. For the BPM concept, the nanomag-nets-based logic and memory applications require a deterministic 180° switching of the magnetization, i.e. the nanomagnet changes its bit state from 0 to 1, or vice versa. Presently, the 180° switching of magnetization by a magnetic field or the spin-polarized current has been the main-stay. However, the approach by magnetic field has the issue of large power consumption and the magnetic stray fields that may affect neighboring nanomagnetic cells. The spin-polarized current induced magnetization switching enables much smaller memory cells. But the required current density for switching is still large (1 MA/cm2) and can cause metal migration. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetization;  Nanomagnetics;  Spin polarization;  Switching, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Magnetic stray fields;  Memory applications;  Memory cell;  Metal migrations;  Nanomagnets;  Spin polarized currents, Magnetic storage},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yang2015,
author={Yang, E. and Liu, Z. and Arora, H. and Wu, T. and Spoddig, D. and Zhu, F. and Bedau, D. and Grobis, M. and Gurney, B. and Albrecht, T.},
title={Direct growth of Bit Patterned Media - The template effect},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157278},
art_number={7157278},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942465742&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157278&partnerID=40&md5=3c719982c4a87cae59b561b17cf55793},
affiliation={HGST, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={Template assisted direct Growth of Bit Patterned Media (TG BPM) is a novel alternative approach of producing Bit Patterned Media (BPM). Unlike conventional BPM, TG BPM directly grows the magnetic bit patterns with oxide bit boundaries by co-depositing magnetic alloy and oxide materials onto an assisting template[1]. This assisting growth template contains pre-designed topographic and/or chemical features, which act as a growth guidance for the sequentially deposited multi under layers and magnetic/oxide layer. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Chemical features;  Growth guidance;  Growth template;  Magnetic alloy;  Oxide materials;  Template effects, Magnetism},
references={Sundar, V., Novel scheme for producing nanoscale uniform grains based on templated two-phase growth (2014) Nano Letters., 14, p. 1609; Cheng, W., Nanopatterning self-assembled nanoparticle superlattices by moulding microdroplets (2008) Nature Nanotechnology, 3, pp. 682-690},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Dai2015,
author={Dai, X. and Li, H. and Shen, S. and Cai, M. and Cui, F. and Zhang, G. and Wu, S.},
title={Numerical simulation of bearing force over bit patterned media using 3D DSMC method},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157138},
art_number={7157138},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942465538&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157138&partnerID=40&md5=8cf31d5c61ca43d62224fec09010bbd4},
affiliation={Wuhan University, Wuhan, China},
abstract={Nowadays, the hard disk drive (HDD) filling with helium have emerged to achieve highly stable magnetic recording. The bearing force in helium is different from that in air. This paper uses the three-dimensional (3D) direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to investigate the bearing force over bit patterned media (BPM) in the filling gases of air and helium under different conditions, including ambient temperature, rotation speed of disk, slider surface temperature, flying attitude of slider, and velocity loss during the collision process between gas molecules and slider in the HDD. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Air;  Hard disk storage;  Helium;  Numerical methods, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Collision process;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Flying attitude;  Hard disk drives;  Surface temperatures;  Threedimensional (3-d), Monte Carlo methods},
references={Bertram, H., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 3656-3662; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) Trans. ASME J. Tribol, 129, pp. 712-719; Watanabe, M., Lkeuchi, S., Sendoda, M., An air bearing slider for small diameter disk storage device (1992) Tribology Transactions, 35 (3), pp. 544-550; Li, H., Liu, B., Li, J., The role of slider/disk roughness in 1tb/in. 2 magnetic recording (2005) Tribology Transaction, 48 (1), pp. 51-56; Alexander, F., Garcia, A.L., Alder, B., (1994) Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, , Oxford University Press; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rareed gas ow in discrete track recording head/disk Interfaces (2009) Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 131, pp. 012001-012007; Myo, K.S., Zhou, W.D., Yu, S.K., Direct monte carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Mag., 47 (10), pp. 2660-2663; Li, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Slider flying characteristics over bit patterned media using the direct simulation monte carlo method (2010) Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing, 4 (1), pp. 49-55; Liu, N., Zheng, J.L., Bogy, D.B., Thermal flying-height control sliders in hard disk drives filled with air-helium gas mixtures (2009) Applied Physics Letters, 95, p. 213505; Suzuki, H., Nakamiya, T., Kouno, T., (2009), U. S. Patent; Kouno, K., Aoyagi, A., Ichikawa, K., Nakamiya, T., (2009), U. S. Patent; Uefune, K., Hayakawa, T., Hirono, Y., Muranishi, M., (2009), U. S. Patent; Huang, W., Bogy, D.B., Garcia, A.L., Three-dimensional Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for slider air bearings (1997) Phys. Fluid, 9 (6), pp. 1764-1769; Huang, W., Bogy, D.B., An investigation of a slider air bearing with an asperity contact by a three dimensional Direct Siulation method (1998) IEEE Trans. Mag, 34 (4), pp. 1810-1812; Cercignani, C., (2000) Rareed Gas Dynamics, , 1st edition, Cambridge University Press; Shen, C., (2005) Rareed Gas Dynamics, , 1st edition, Springer; Garcia, A.L., Wagner, W., Time step truncation error in direct simulation Monte Carlo (2000) Phys. Fluids, 12, pp. 2621-2633; Alexander, F.J., Garcia, A.L., Alder, B., Cell size dependence of transport coefcients in stochastic particle algorithms (1998) Phys. Fluids, 10, pp. 1540-1542; Garcia, A.L., (2000) Numerical Methods for Physics, , 2nd edition, Prentice Hall; Liu, C.Y., Lees, L., Kinetic theory description of plane compressible coquette flow (1961) Rarefied Gas Dynamics, pp. 391-428. , Talbot. L (ed.); Liu, N., Bogy, D.B., Particle contamination on a thermal flying-height control slider (2010) Tribol Lett, 37, pp. 93-97; Zhou, W.D., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Inert gas filled head-disk interface for future extremely high density magnetic recording (2009) Tribol Lett, 33, pp. 179-186; Praveen, H., Sinan, M., An adaptive finite element strategy for analysis of air lubrication in the headdisk interface of a hard disk drive (2005) Tribology Transcation, 14, pp. 155-179; Takayuki, N., Mina, A., Ken-Ichi, I., Reversed micelle structures in PFPE lubricant thin films on magnetic disk surface observed by non-contact AFM (2008) Tribology Transcations, 51, pp. 652-658},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Oshima2015,
author={Oshima, D. and Tanimoto, M. and Kato, T. and Fujiwara, Y. and Nakamura, T. and Kotani, Y. and Tsunashima, S. and Iwata, S.},
title={Anisotropic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of (001) oriented L10-MnGa film},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157522},
art_number={7157522},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942455959&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157522&partnerID=40&md5=dc571339678e4bc419b06a7083de5b9b},
affiliation={Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute / SPring-8, Sayo, Japan; Department of Research, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institiute, Nagoya, Japan},
abstract={L10-MnGa is known to exhibit a large perpendicular anisotropy Ku ∼ 1.5 × 107 erg/cc and a low Gilbert damping constant a ∼ 0.014 [1], which are quite attractive for the applications to future high-density magnetic random access memories and magnetic recording media. Furthermore, magnetic properties of MnGa are modified from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by a low dose of Kr ion irradiation [2], which is quite useful to develop high-density planer bit patterned media. In spite of the growing concern on the L10-MnGa film, the origin of the large Ku of the MnGa is not clearly understood. In this study, we carried out X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements varying the applied field direction, and estimated spin and orbital moments of Mn atoms to discuss the relationship between the large perpendicular anisotropy and electronic structure of the L10-MnGa film. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Binary alloys;  Dichroism;  Electronic structure;  Gallium alloys;  Ion bombardment;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Random access storage;  Spectroscopy;  X rays, Bit-patterned media;  Gilbert damping constant;  Kr ion irradiations;  Magnetic random access memory;  Magnetic recording media;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra, Manganese alloys},
references={Mizukami, S., (2011) Phy. Rev. Lett., 106, p. 117201; Oshima, D., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 3608; Thole, B.T., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 1943; Carra, P., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, p. 694; Bruno, P., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 865},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Saito2015,
author={Saito, H.},
title={Multitrack recording and simultaneous detection schemes for high areal density bit-patterned media magnetic recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157281},
art_number={7157281},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942455898&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157281&partnerID=40&md5=5a0b3e7ec8b8d91060fb109fe7755229},
affiliation={School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={During the past decade, various two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) systems have been considered or developed in order to achieve surface recording density of a few terabits or more per square inch for future promising magnetic recording technologies [1]. In most cases, an effective two-dimensional (2D) signal processing is expected to introduce these TDMR systems because originally these future recording technologies are suppose to make improvements to attain higher areal density towards 10Tb/in2[2]. In this research, a new signal processing scheme for a TDMR system using bit-patterned media (BPM) is proposed for future high areal density recording technologies. This proposed scheme is based on multitrack recording and simultaneous detection schemes for the bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Multi-track recording;  Simultaneous detection;  Surface recordings;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Signal processing},
references={Wood, R., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Nabavi, S., (2010) IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., 28 (2), pp. 135-142. , Feb; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Saito, H.; School of Advanced Engineering, Japan},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Warisarn2015,
author={Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Soft-output decoding of 2D modulation codes for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157703},
art_number={7157703},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942446950&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157703&partnerID=40&md5=c7058ddfe178caf7bb7684c89d1f16b0},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, NPRU, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand},
abstract={The two-dimensional (2D) interference is a major impairment in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems because of small bit and track pitches, especially at high recording densities [1]. To mitigate this problem, we introduced 2D modulation codes [2-3], which output only the hard decision, for an uncoded BPMR system (i.e., without error-correction codes). To utilize a rate-4/5 constructive inter-track interference (CITI) code [2] in the coded BPMR system, which employs a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, we propose the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algebra implementation in Boolean logic mappings for the CITI coding scheme. Then, this soft CITI coding scheme together with a modified 2D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (2D-SOVA) detector [4] and a LDPC decoder will jointly perform iterative decoding. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Boolean algebra;  Error correction;  Forward error correction;  Modulation;  Satellite communication systems;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Constructive inter-track interference codes;  Error correction codes;  Log likelihood ratios (LLR);  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Iterative decoding},
references={Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. of ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A constructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bitpatterned media recording system (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115, p. 17B703; Kovintavewat, P., Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (11), p. 3101204. , Nov; Warisarn, C., Losuwan, T., Supnithi, P., Kovintavewat, P., An iterative inter-track interference mitigation method for two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2014) Journal of Applied Physics, 115, p. 17B732; Djuric, N., Despotovic, M., Soft-output decoding approach of maximum transition run codes The International Conference on Computer As A Tool EUROCon 2005 Proceeding, pp. 490-493. , Belgrade, 22-24 Nov},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Victora2015,
author={Victora, R.H. and Dong, Y. and Huang, P. and Wang, S. and Wang, Y.},
title={Simulation of expected areal density gain for heat assisted magnetic recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7156492},
art_number={7156492},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942446821&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7156492&partnerID=40&md5=2b77e21f971dfb374be7ed0be870a392},
affiliation={MINT, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States},
abstract={Areal density increases in conventional perpendicular magnetic recording are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve. Heat assisted magnetic recording is viewed as a potential technique to extend magnetic recording into the multiple-terabit range. Over the last 5 years, we have performed extensive simulations of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording on both granular and bit-patterned media. For this purpose, we represent [1] the behavior of granular media near the Curie temperature with renormalized blocks of spins of order 1 nm3. The change in magnetization of these blocks can then be evaluated using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The behavior of bit patterned media is typically evaluated [2] using an atomistic approach. Optical spots are calculated using a finite difference time domain technique and heat flow is evaluated using the usual Fourier differential equation. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Differential equations;  Finite difference time domain method;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Atomistic approach;  Bit-patterned media;  Extensive simulations;  Finite difference time domain technique;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Potential techniques, Time domain analysis},
references={Victora, R.H., Huang, P.-W., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, p. 751; Victora, R.H., Wang, S., Huang, P.W., Ghoreyshi, A., IEEE Trans. Magn, , accepted; Huang, P.-W., Victora, R.H., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, p. 3203304; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., (2012) IEEE Magnetics Letters, 3, p. 4500304; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50, p. 3002405; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, p. 2652; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, p. 3644},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Talbot2015,
author={Talbot, J. and Miles, J. and Kalezhi, J.},
title={Determining the anisotropy of bit patterned media for optimal performance},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157279},
art_number={7157279},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942436921&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157279&partnerID=40&md5=0b8d9983ca7247347bd8267e0453e545},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia},
abstract={In conventional recording theory the transition width should be minimised by writing the transition at the location of the maximum head-field gradient, and this should be achieved by setting the coercivity equal to the head field at the location of maximum head field gradient (taking appropriate account of the variation of coercivity with field angle). In BPM it would therefore be natural to assume that the system could be optimised by setting the island switching field in a similar manner. In this paper we investigate what strategy of optimisation gives the minimum error rate, or maximum write-window, and whether different designs are more or less tolerant of anisotropy variations. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Coercive force, Anisotropy variation;  Bit-patterned media;  Minimum error rate;  Optimal performance;  Optimisations;  Switching field;  Transition widths;  Write windows, Anisotropy},
references={Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., A statistical model of write-errors in bit patterned media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (5), p. 053926; Talbot, J., Kalezhi, J., Barton, C., Heldt, G., Miles, J., Write errors in bit patterned media: The importance of parameter distribution tails (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (8)},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Koonkarnkhai2015,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Study of fractionally-spaced equalizers for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015},
year={2015},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2015.7157704},
art_number={7157704},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2015 ; Conference Date: 11 May 2015 Through 15 May 2015;  Conference Code:113931},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942436457&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2015.7157704&partnerID=40&md5=a07716c93bccbc61aa7bb51755f89f8d},
affiliation={Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising technology for next generation hard disk drives because it can achieve an areal density (AD) up to 4 Tbit/in2. Generally, a T-spaced equalizer (TSE) is employed in a (symbol-rate) BPMR channel to suppress both inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). However, we found that the BPMR channel response has large excess bandwidth, where a fractionally-spaced equalizer (FSE) [1] can be used to improve the BPMR system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes and studies the performance of an FSE (oversampled) system in BPMR channels. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Optical systems, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel response;  Excess bandwidths;  Fractionally spaced equalizer;  Hard Disk Drive;  Inter-track interferences, Equalizers},
references={Kovintavewat, P., Erden, M.F., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., Employing fractionally-spaced equalizers (FSE) for magnetic recording channels (2003) IEEE Joint North American Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference (NAPMRC 2003), p. 43. , Monterey, USA, Jan. 6-8; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci. , Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , March},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479973224},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., INTERMAG},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arellano2015,
author={Arellano, N. and Berman, D. and Frommer, J. and Imaino, W. and Jiang, X. and Jubert, P.-O. and McClelland, G. and Rettner, C. and Topuria, T.},
title={Bit-Patterned Media on Plastic Tape with Feature Density of 100 Gigadot/in2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={7},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2394447},
art_number={7017569},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936806471&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2394447&partnerID=40&md5=c65998f4bc48ca2cbb3a00effd8ff27b},
affiliation={IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, CA  95120, United States},
abstract={A method of producing a bit-patterned media on a flexible substrate using a low-cost, hot nanoimprinting process is investigated. Using a topographic master with features as small as 40 nm, a flexible plastic substrate is patterned with high fidelity. Magnetic material is sputter-deposited onto the patterned substrate to produce a magnetic tape media with densities as high as 100 Gigadot/in2. Magnetic recording characteristics of the coated bit-patterned tape is evaluated in an apparatus which slides a recording head on the media with a high-resolution positioning capability. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  magnetic tape recording;  plastic substrate;  thermal embossing},
keywords={Magnetic materials;  Magnetic tape;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Substrates, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Flexible plastic substrates;  Nano-imprinting process;  Patterned substrates;  Plastic substrates;  Recording characteristics;  thermal embossing, Magnetic recording},
references={(2011) Information Storage Industry Consortium, 2012-2022 International Magnetic Tape Storage Roadmap, , http://www.insic.org/, [Online]. Available accessed Nov. 2; Cherubini, G., 29.5-Gb/in2 recording areal density on barium ferrite tape (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 137-147. , Jan; Matsunuma, S., Playback performance of perpendicular magnetic recording tape media for over-50-TB cartridge by facing targets sputtering method (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (3), pp. 260-263. , Feb; Tachibana, J., Recording 125 Gigabits/in2 on sputtered magnetic tape (2014) Presented at the IEEE Int. Magn. Conf., , May; Argumedo, A.J., Scaling tape-recording areal densities to 100 Gb/in2 (2008) IBM J. Res. Develop., 52 (4-5), pp. 513-527. , Jul./Sep; Jubert, P.-O., Achieving 100 Gb/in2 on particulate barium ferrite tape (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., The thermodynamic limits of magnetic recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (3), p. 033909; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic Islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (8), pp. 1483-1485; Moritz, J., Patterned media made from pre-etched wafers: A promising route toward ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1731-1736. , Jul; Albrecht, M., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; Hellwig, O., Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95 (23), p. 232505; Hauet, T., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95 (26), p. 262504; Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (5), p. 052511; Grobis, M., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 Gb/in2 (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (5), pp. 0525091-0525093; Dobisz, E.A., Fabrication of 1 Teradot/in.2 CoCrPt bit patterned media and recording performance with a conventional read/write head (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30 (6), p. 06FH01; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., High-density bit patterned media: Magnetic design and recording performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 6-10. , Jan; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 773-778. , Feb; Foster, M.S., (1989) Method of Mass Producing Damage-resistant Compact Discs, , U.S. Patent Jun. 6; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , Jun; Berman, D., Magnetic recording measurements of sputtered media on tape at an areal density of 14 Gb/ε2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3584-3586. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Imaino, W.; IBM Research-AlmadenUnited States; email: wayne1@us.ibm.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cushen201513476,
author={Cushen, J. and Wan, L. and Blachut, G. and Maher, M.J. and Albrecht, T.R. and Ellison, C.J. and Willson, C.G. and Ruiz, R.},
title={Double-Patterned Sidewall Directed Self-Assembly and Pattern Transfer of Sub-10 nm PTMSS-b-PMOST},
journal={ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
year={2015},
volume={7},
number={24},
pages={13476-13483},
doi={10.1021/acsami.5b02481},
note={cited By 60},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84932608199&doi=10.1021%2facsami.5b02481&partnerID=40&md5=8d05969a5d66a283ae2f78b0f2946176},
affiliation={HGST, a Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA  95135, United States; University of Texas at Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX  78712, United States; University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX  78712, United States},
abstract={The directed self-assembly (DSA) of two sub-20 nm pitch silicon-containing block copolymers (BCPs) was accomplished using a double-patterned sidewall scheme in which each lithographic prepatterned feature produced two regions for pattern registration. In doing so, the critical dimension of the lithographic prepatterns was relaxed by a factor of 2 compared to previously reported schemes for DSA. The key to enabling the double-patterned sidewall scheme is the exploitation of the oxidized sidewalls of cross-linked polystyrene formed during the pattern transfer of the resist via reactive ion etching. This results in shallow trenches with two guiding interfaces per prepatterned feature. Electron loss spectroscopy was used to study and confirm the guiding mechanism of the double-patterned sidewalls, and pattern transfer of the BCPs into a silicon substrate was achieved using reactive ion etching. The line edge roughness, width roughness, and placement error are near the target required for bit-patterned media applications, and the technique is also compatible with the needs of the semiconductor industry for high-volume manufacturing. (Figure Presented). © 2015 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={block copolymer;  chemical contrast patterns;  density multiplication;  directed self-assembly;  sidewall-guiding;  silicon-containing;  top coat},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Copolymers;  Crosslinking;  Self assembly;  Semiconductor device manufacture;  Silicon, Bit-patterned media;  Chemical contrast;  Cross-linked polystyrene;  Directed self-assembly;  High volume manufacturing;  Semiconductor industry;  sidewall-guiding;  Top-coats, Reactive ion etching},
funding_details={F-1709},
references={Bates, C.M., Maher, M.J., Janes, D.W., Ellison, C.J., Willson, C.G., Block Copolymer Lithography (2014) Macromolecules, 47, pp. 2-12; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T., Bit Patterned Media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778; Bencher, C., Smith, J., Miao, L., Cai, C., Chen, Y., Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Hinsberg, W.D., Self-Assembly Patterning for Sub-15nm Half-Pitch: A Transition from Lab to Fab (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970; Tsai, H., Pitera, J.W., Miyazoe, H., Bangsaruntip, S., Engelmann, S.U., Liu, C.-C., Cheng, J.Y., Guillorn, M.A., Two-Dimensional Pattern Formation Using Graphoepitaxy of PS- b -PMMA Block Copolymers for Advanced FinFET Device and Circuit Fabrication (2014) ACS Nano, 8, pp. 5227-5232; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Dobisz, E.A., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of Templates with Rectangular Bits on Circular Tracks by Combining Block Copolymer Directed Self-Assembly and Nanoimprint Lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 11; Anastasiadis, S.H., Russell, T.P., Satija, S.K., Majkrzak, C.F., Neutron Reflectivity Studies of the Surface-Induced Ordering of Diblock Copolymer Films (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, pp. 1852-1855; Chevalier, X., Nicolet, C., Tiron, R., Gharbi, A., Argoud, M., Pradelles, J., Delalande, M., Navarro, C., Scaling-Down Lithographic Dimensions with Block-Copolymer Materials: 10-nm-Sized Features with Poly(styrene)- block -poly(methylmethacrylate) (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 12; Zhao, Y., Sivaniah, E., Hashimoto, T., SAXS Analysis of the Order-Disorder Transition and the Interaction Parameter of Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 9948-9951; Jung, Y.-S., Ross, C.A., Orientation-Controlled Self-Assembled Nanolithography Using a Polystyrene-Polydimethylsiloxane Block Copolymer (2007) Nano Lett., 7, pp. 2046-2050; Cushen, J.D., Otsuka, I., Bates, C.M., Halila, S., Fort, S., Rochas, C., Easley, J.A., Ellison, C.J., Oligosaccharide/Silicon-Containing Block Copolymers with 5 nm Features for Lithographic Applications (2012) ACS Nano, 6, pp. 3424-3433; Cushen, J.D., Bates, C.M., Rausch, E.L., Dean, L.M., Zhou, S.X., Willson, C.G., Ellison, C.J., Thin Film Self-Assembly of Poly(trimethylsilylstyrene- b -D,L-lactide) with Sub-10 nm Domains (2012) Macromolecules, 45, pp. 8722-8728; Bates, C.M., Seshimo, T., Maher, M.J., Durand, W.J., Cushen, J.D., Dean, L.M., Blachut, G., Willson, C.G., Polarity-Switching Top Coats Enable Orientation of Sub-10-Nm Block Copolymer Domains (2012) Science, 338, pp. 775-779; Maher, M.J., Bates, C.M., Blachut, G., Sirard, S., Self, J.L., Carlson, M.C., Dean, L.M., Willson, C.G., Interfacial Design for Block Copolymer Thin Films (2014) Chem. Mater., 26, pp. 1471-1479; Durand, W.J., Blachut, G., Maher, M.J., Sirard, S., Tein, S., Carlson, M.C., Asano, Y., Willson, C.G., Design of High-c Block Copolymers for Lithography (2015) J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 53, pp. 344-352; Seshimo, T., Bates, C.M., Dean, L.M., Cushen, J.D., Durand, W.J., Maher, M.J., Ellison, C.J., Willson, C.G., Block Copolymer Orientation Control Using a Top-Coat Surface Treatment (2012) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 25, pp. 125-130; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense Self-Assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns: Rectifying and Multiplying Lithographic Patterns Using Block Copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Truong, H.D., Harrer, S., Friz, A., Holmes, S., Colburn, M., Hinsberg, W.D., Simple and Versatile Methods to Integrate Directed Self-Assembly with Optical Lithography Using a Polarity-Switched Photoresist (2010) ACS Nano, 4, pp. 4815-4823; Maher, M.J., Rettner, C.T., Bates, C.M., Blachut, G., Carlson, M.C., Durand, W.J., Ellison, C.J., Willson, C.G., Directed Self-Assembly of Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Thin Films (2015) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, pp. 3323-3328; Ouk Kim, S., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers on Lithographically Defined Nanopatterned Substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Delgadillo, P.R., Gronheid, R., Thode, C.J., Wu, H., Yi, C., Neisser, M., Somervell, M., Nealey, P.F., Implementation of a Chemo-Epitaxy Flow for Directed Self-Assembly on 300-mm Wafer Processing Equipment (2012) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 11; Liu, C.-C., Nealey, P.F., Raub, A.K., Hakeem, P.J., Brueck, S.R.J., Han, E., Gopalan, P., Integration of Block Copolymer Directed Assembly with 193 Immersion Lithography (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 28; Liu, C.-C., Han, E., Onses, M.S., Thode, C.J., Ji, S., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Fabrication of Lithographically Defined Chemically Patterned Polymer Brushes and Mats (2011) Macromolecules, 44, pp. 1876-1885; Han, E., Stuen, K.O., La, Y.-H., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., Effect of Composition of Substrate-Modifying Random Copolymers on the Orientation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Diblock Copolymer Domains (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 9090-9097; Han, E., Stuen, K.O., Leolukman, M., Liu, C.-C., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., Perpendicular Orientation of Domains in Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer Thick Films by Controlled Interfacial Interactions (2009) Macromolecules, 42, pp. 4896-4901; Han, E., Gopalan, P., Cross-Linked Random Copolymer Mats as Ultrathin Nonpreferential Layers for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly (2010) Langmuir, 26, pp. 1311-1315; Kim, S., Bates, C.M., Thio, A., Cushen, J.D., Ellison, C.J., Willson, C.G., Bates, F.S., Consequences of Surface Neutralization in Diblock Copolymer Thin Films (2013) ACS Nano, 7, pp. 9905-9919; Bates, C.M., Strahan, J.R., Santos, L.J., Mueller, B.K., Bamgbade, B.O., Lee, J.A., Katzenstein, J.M., Willson, C.G., Polymeric Cross-Linked Surface Treatments for Controlling Block Copolymer Orientation in Thin Films (2011) Langmuir, 27, pp. 2000-2006; Ruiz, R., Sandstrom, R.L., Black, C.T., Induced Orientational Order in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 587-591; Dupont-Gillain, C.C., Adriaensen, Y., Derclaye, S., Rouxhet, P.G., Plasma-Oxidized Polystyrene: Wetting Properties and Surface Reconstruction (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 8194-8200; Cai, C., Padhi, D., Seamons, M., Bencher, C., Ngai, C., Kim, B.H., Defect Gallery and Bump Defect Reduction in the Self-Aligned Double Patterning Module (2011) IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manufact., 24, pp. 145-150; Wise, R., Advanced Plasma Etch Technologies for Nanopatterning (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithogr., MEMS, MOEMS, 12; Yaegashi, H., Oyama, K., Hara, A., Natori, S., Yamauchi, S., Overview: Continuous Evolution on Double-Patterning Process (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8325; Liu, C.-C., Ramírez-Hernández, A., Han, E., Craig, G.S.W., Tada, Y., Yoshida, H., Kang, H., Nealey, P.F., Chemical Patterns for Directed Self-Assembly of Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers with Density Multiplication of Features (2013) Macromolecules, 46, pp. 1415-1424; Pickett, G.T., Witten, T.A., Nagel, S.R., Equilibrium Surface Orientation of Lamellae (1993) Macromolecules, 26, pp. 3194-3199; Kim, H.-C., Rettner, C.T., Sundström, L., The Fabrication of 20 nm Half-Pitch Gratings by Corrugation-Directed Self-Assembly (2008) Nanotechnology, 19; Hong, S.W., Huh, J., Gu, X., Lee, D.H., Jo, W.H., Park, S., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Unidirectionally Aligned Line Patterns Driven by Entropic Effects on Faceted Surfaces (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, pp. 1402-1406; Hong, S.W., Voronov, D.L., Lee, D.H., Hexemer, A., Padmore, H.A., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Controlled Orientation of Block Copolymers on Defect-Free Faceted Surfaces Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 4278-4283; Park, S.M., Stoykovich, M.P., Ruiz, R., Zhang, Y., Black, C.T., Nealey, P.F., Directed Assembly of Lamellae- Forming Block Copolymers by Using Chemically and Topographically Patterned Substrates (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 607-611; Ruiz, R., Ruiz, N., Zhang, Y., Sandstrom, R.L., Black, C.T., Local Defectivity Control of 2D Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Patterns (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, pp. 2157-2162; Coulon, G., Russell, T.P., Deline, V.R., Green, P.F., Surface-Induced Orientation of Symmetric, Diblock Copolymers: A Secondary Ion Mass-Spectrometry Study (1989) Macromolecules, 22, pp. 2581-2589; Peters, R.D., Yang, X.M., Kim, T.K., Sohn, B.H., Nealey, P.F., Using Self-Assembled Monolayers Exposed to X-Rays to Control the Wetting Behavior of Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 4625-4631; Walton, D.G., Kellogg, G.J., Mayes, A.M., Lambooy, P., Russell, T.P., A Free Energy Model for Confined Diblock Copolymers (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 6225-6228; Han, E., Kang, H., Liu, C.-C., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., Graphoepitaxial Assembly of Symmetric Block Copolymers on Weakly Preferential Substrates (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, pp. 4325-4329; Ruiz, R., Wan, L., Lille, J., Patel, K.C., Dobisz, E., Johnston, D.E., Kisslinger, K., Black, C.T., Image Quality and Pattern Transfer in Directed Self Assembly with Block-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 30; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording: Nanoscale Magnetic Islands for Data Storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , Liu, J. P. Fullerton, E. Gutfleisch, O. Sellmyer, D. J. Eds; Springer US: Boston, MA; Kim, J., Wan, J., Miyazaki, S., Yin, J., Cao, Y., Her, Y.J., Wu, H., Lin, G., The SMART Process for Directed Block Co-Polymer Self-Assembly (2013) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 26, pp. 573-579},
correspondence_address1={Cushen, J.; HGST, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., United States; email: Julia.Cushen@hgst.com},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19448244},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu201540,
author={Wu, X. and Wang, F. and Wang, C.},
title={Design and magnetic properties of L10-FePt/Fe and L10-FePt exchange coupled graded nanodots},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2015},
volume={384},
pages={40-44},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.02.022},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923101066&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2015.02.022&partnerID=40&md5=8573d7c7dcfd32df10726381573eea71},
affiliation={Bradken, 24 Tomlinson Road, Welshpool, WA  6106, Australia; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China},
abstract={The magnetic properties and reversal process of L10-FePt/Fe and L10-FePt exchange coupled graded nanodots were investigated using the object-oriented micromagnetic framework (OOMMF). It is indicated that the increase in anisotropy gradient span of L10-FePt section is favorable for the reduction in coercivity for L10-FePt/Fe graded nanodots. However, the low remanence magnetization and squareness ratio caused by the large gradient span is not popular for recording media. If the Fe soft section is removed, the low coercivity and high squareness ratio can be achieved simultaneously for L10-FePt graded nanodots with an appropriate gradient design. Therefore, the combination of exchange coupled graded structure and bit patterned media is an effective approach to balance the trilemma issues of current perpendicular magnetic recording media. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Anisotropy distribution;  Exchange coupled media;  Graded media;  L10-FePt;  Micromagnetic simulation;  Nanodots},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Coercive force;  Magnetic properties;  Remanence, Anisotropy distribution;  Exchange coupled media;  Graded media;  L10-FePt;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Nanodots, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={[2013]9},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51101095},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to acknowledge the useful discussion with Prof. Hao Zeng of University at Buffalo-SUNY. The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 51101095 ) and Shanxi Province Foundations (Grant nos. [2012]10 and [2013]9 ).},
references={Zhang, Z.Y., Feng, Y.C., Clinton, T., Badran, G., Yeh, N.H., Tarnopolsky, G., Girt, E., Slade, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1861; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; Hu, J.F., Chen, J.S., Lim, B.C., Liu, B., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3068; Jiang, H., Sin, K., Chen, Y., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2896; Kanai, Y., Greaves, S.J., Yamakawa, K., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 687; Laughlin, D.E., Peng, Y.G., Qin, Y.L., Lin, M., Zhu, J.G., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 693; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Suess, D., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105; Wang, F., Xu, X.H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Wu, H.S., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 022516; Chen, J.S., Huang, L.S., Hu, J.F., Ju, G., Chow, G.M., (2010) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, p. 185001; Pandey, K.K.M., Chen, J.S., Chow, G.M., Hu, J.F., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 232502; Zhao, G.P., Zhou, G., Zhang, H.W., Feng, Y.P., Xian, C.W., Zhang, Q.X., (2008) Comput. Mater. Sci., 44, p. 117; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Niarchos, D., Manios, E., Panagiotopoulos, I., (2008) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1106; Goll, D., Bublat, T., (2013) Phys. Status Solidi A, 210, p. 1261; Kronmüller, H., Goll, D., (2011) Phys. Status Solidi B, 248, p. 2361; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 242503; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 103901; Zhang, J., Sun, Z., Sun, J., Kang, S., Yu, S., Han, G., Yan, S., Li, D., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, p. 152407; Wang, H., Li, W.M., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H.B., Ding, J., Chen, Y.J., Wang, J.P., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 07B914; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301; Huang, L.S., Hu, J.F., Zong, B.Y., Zeng, S.W., Ariando, Chen, J.S., (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47, p. 245001; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501; Fu, B.Z., Harrell, J.W., Thompson, G.B., (2012) IEEE Trans. Lett., 3, p. 4500404; Wang, H., Zhao, H.B., Rahman, T., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Wang, J.P., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 707; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (2002) OOMMF User's Guide, , http://www.math.nist.gov/oommf/, Release 1.2a, [EB/OL]., October 30; Wang, F., Xu, X.H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., (2011) Mater. Chem. Phys., 126, p. 843; Ghidini, M., Asti, G., Pellicelli, R., Pernechele, C., Solzi, M., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 316, p. 159; Zhao, G.P., Wang, X.L., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 012409; Zhao, G.P., Wang, X.L., Yang, C., Xie, L.H., Zhou, G., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 09K102; Suess, D., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, p. 183},
correspondence_address1={Wang, F.; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal UniversityChina},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2015,
author={Wang, Y. and Wei, D. and Cao, J.-W. and Wei, F.-L.},
title={Investigation of L10 FePt-based soft/hard composite bit-patterned media by micromagnetic simulation},
journal={Chinese Physics B},
year={2015},
volume={24},
number={6},
doi={10.1088/1674-1056/24/6/068504},
art_number={068504},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930958822&doi=10.1088%2f1674-1056%2f24%2f6%2f068504&partnerID=40&md5=de66c6d8c29135d0b11f155bdeb0799e},
affiliation={Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China},
abstract={The soft/hard composite patterned media have potential to be the next generation of magnetic recording, but the composing modes of soft and hard materials have not been investigated systematically. L10 FePt-based soft/hard composite patterned media with an anisotropic constant distribution are studied by micromagnetic simulation. Square arrays and hexagonal arrays with various pitch sizes are simulated for two composing types: the soft layer that encloses the hard dots and the soft layer that covers the whole surface. It is found that the soft material can reduce the switching fields of bits effectively for all models. Compared with the first type, the second type of models possess low switching fields, narrow switching field distributions, and high gain factors due to the introduction of inter-bit exchange coupling. Furthermore, the readout waveforms of the second type are not deteriorated by the inter-bit soft layers. Since the recording density of hexagonal arrays are higher than that of square arrays with the same center-to-center distances, the readout waveforms of hexagonal arrays are a little worse, although other simulation results are similar for these two arrays. © 2015 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={composite bit patterned media;  L10 FePt;  micromagnetic simulation;  readout signal;  switching field distribution},
keywords={Anisotropic media;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Switching, Bit-patterned media;  Hexagonal arrays;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned medias;  Readout signals;  Recording density;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Soft magnetic materials},
funding_details={51171086, 61003041, 61272076},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3695; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Usov, N.A., Barandiarán, J.M., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101; Jia, Y.F., Shu, X.L., Xie, Y., Chen, Z.Y., (2014) Chin. Phys. B, 23 (7); Liu, L.W., Dang, H.G., Sheng, W., Wang, Y., Cao, J.W., Bai, J.M., Wei, F.L., (2013) Chin. Phys. B, 22 (4); Liu, X., Ishio, S., (2013) Chin. Phys. B, 22 (8); Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Hong, Z., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 319; Goh, C.K., Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97; Wang, Y., Wang, R., Xie, H.L., Bai, J.M., Wei, F.L., (2013) Chin. Phys. B, 22 (6); Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Wang, J.P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, China},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={16741056},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chanon2015528,
author={Chanon, W. and Autthasith, A. and Piya, K.},
title={An ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2015},
volume={E98C},
number={6},
pages={528-533},
doi={10.1587/transele.E98.C.528},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930335005&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E98.C.528&partnerID=40&md5=b5b4989095bcd14fdabecc996dcf50b8},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation (D∗STAR), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand},
abstract={In bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), the readback signal is severely corrupted by the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI), especially at high recording densities, due to small bit and track pitches. One way to alleviate the ITI effect is to encode an input data sequence before recording, so as to avoid some data patterns that easily cause an error at the data detection process. This paper proposes an ITI-mitigating 5/6 modulation code for a multi-track multi-head BPMR system to eliminate the data patterns that lead to severe ITI. Specifically, each of the 5 user bits is converted into a 6-bit codeword in the form of a 3-by-2 data array, based on a look-up table. Experimental results indicate that the system with the proposed coding scheme outperforms that without coding, especially when an areal density is high and/or the position jitter is large. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Euclidean distance;  Inter-track interference (ITI);  Modulation code},
keywords={Channel estimation;  Codes (symbols);  Modulation;  Table lookup, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Euclidean distance;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Position jitter;  Recording density, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Jan; Ahmed, M.Z., Davey, P.J., Kurihara, Y., Constructive intertrack interference (CITI) codes for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287, pp. 432-436. , Nov; Kurihara, Y., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M.Z., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, pp. 3140-3143. , Aug; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , June; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Kim, J., Wee, J.K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 08KB04; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A simple recorded-bit patterning scheme for bit-patterned media recording (2013) Proc. of ECTI-CON 2013, p. 126. , May; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recordedbit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bitpatterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer with conventional Viterbi detector for patterned media (2007) Proc. of ICC 2007, , June; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Jointtrack equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Deza, E., Marie, M., (2009) Encyclopedia of Distances, p. 94. , Springer},
publisher={Maruzen Co., Ltd.},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lippman2015,
author={Lippman, T. and Brockie, R. and Coker, J. and Contreras, J. and Galbraith, R. and Garzon, S. and Hanson, W. and Leong, T. and Marley, A. and Wood, R. and Zakai, R. and Zolla, H. and Duquette, P. and Petrizzi, J.},
title={Spinstand demonstration of areal density enhancement using two-dimensional magnetic recording (invited)},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4914051},
art_number={172613},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948844478&doi=10.1063%2f1.4914051&partnerID=40&md5=ce4949a6187c48ce60a90c6ae1eb739b},
affiliation={HGST, Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95119, United States; HGST, Western Digital Company, Rochester, MN  55901, United States; Avago Technologies, San Jose, CA  95131, United States},
abstract={Exponential growth of the areal density has driven the magnetic recording industry for almost sixty years. But now areal density growth is slowing down, suggesting that current technologies are reaching their fundamental limit. The next generation of recording technologies, namely, energy-assisted writing and bit-patterned media, remains just over the horizon. Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR) is a promising new approach, enabling continued areal density growth with only modest changes to the heads and recording electronics. We demonstrate a first generation implementation of TDMR by using a dual-element read sensor to improve the recovery of data encoded by a conventional low-density parity-check (LDPC) channel. The signals are combined with a 2D equalizer into a single modified waveform that is decoded by a standard LDPC channel. Our detection hardware can perform simultaneous measurement of the pre- and post-combined error rate information, allowing one set of measurements to assess the absolute areal density capability of the TDMR system as well as the gain over a conventional shingled magnetic recording system with identical components. We discuss areal density measurements using this hardware and demonstrate gains exceeding five percent based on experimental dual reader components. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Hardware;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetism;  Satellite communication systems, Bit-patterned media;  Exponential growth;  Identical components;  Low density parity check;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Simultaneous measurement;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR);  Two-dimensional magnetic recordings, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923; Chan, K., TDMR platform simulations and experiments (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3837-3843; Hwang, E., Negi, R., Vijayakumar, B.V.K., Wood, R., Investigation of two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) with position and timing uncertainty at 4 terabits per square inch (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (12), pp. 4775-4780; Yamashita, M., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561; Victora, R.H., Morgan, S.M., Momsen, K., Cho, E., Erden, M.F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording at 10 (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (5), pp. 1697-1703; Elidrissi, M.R., Chan, K.S., Yuan, Z., A study of SMR/TDMR with a double/triple reader head array and conventional read channels (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 24-30; Mathew, G., Hwang, E., Park, J., Garfunkel, G., Hu, D., Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 155-161; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Read channel modeling for detection in two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3679-3682; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 terabits per square inch user areal density (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3, p. 4500304; Yamashita, M., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of neuro ITI canceller for two-dimensional magnetic recording by shingled magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3810-3813; Wang, Y., Frohman, S., Victora, R.H., Ideas for detection in two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4582-4585; Wood, R., Galbraith, R., Coker, J., Two-dimensional magnetic recording: Progress and evolution IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, , to be published; Wallace, R.L., The reproduction of magnetically recorded signals (1951) Bell Syst. Tech. J., 30, pp. 1145-1173; Jin, Z., Salo, M., Wood, R., Areal-density capability of a magnetic recording system using a "747" test based only on data-block failure-rate (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3718-3721},
correspondence_address1={Lippman, T.; HGST, United States},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oezelt2015,
author={Oezelt, H. and Kovacs, A. and Wohlhüter, P. and Kirk, E. and Nissen, D. and Matthes, P. and Heyderman, L.J. and Albrecht, M. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Micromagnetic simulation of exchange coupled ferri-/ferromagnetic composite in bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4906288},
art_number={17E501},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946190826&doi=10.1063%2f1.4906288&partnerID=40&md5=4cd49f59072ea61eb5f202fc52757a59},
affiliation={Industrial Simulation, University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, 3100, Austria; Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany; Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany; Centre for Integrated Sensor Systems, Danube University Krems, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria},
abstract={Ferri-/ferromagnetic exchange coupled composites are promising candidates for bit patterned media because of the ability to control the magnetic properties of the ferrimagnet by its composition. A micromagnetic model for the bilayer system is presented where we also incorporate the microstructural features of both layers. Micromagnetic finite element simulations are performed to investigate the magnetization reversal behaviour of such media. By adding the exchange coupled ferrimagnet to the ferromagnet, the switching field could be reduced by up to 40% and also the switching field distribution is narrowed. To reach these significant improvements, an interface exchange coupling strength of 2 mJ/m2 is required. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Ferrimagnetism;  Finite element method;  Microstructural evolution, Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Finite element simulations;  Interface exchange;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Microstructural features;  Switching field distribution, Magnetization reversal},
references={Suess, D., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, p. 183; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Casoli, F., Albertini, F., Nasi, L., Fabbrici, S., Cabassi, R., Bolzoni, F., Bocchi, C., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Goh, C.-K., Yuan, Z.-M., Liu, B., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97; Giles, R., Mansuripur, M., (1991) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 15, p. 299; Mansuripur, M., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63, p. 5809; Kryder, M.H., (1985) J. Appl. Phys., 57, p. 3913; Jenkins, D., Clegg, W., Windmill, J., Edmund, S., Davey, P., Newman, D., Wright, C.D., Nutter, P., (2003) Microsyst. Technol., 10, p. 66; Mimura, Y., Imamura, N., Kobayashi, T., Okada, A., Kushiro, Y., (1978) J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 1208; Oezelt, H., Kovacs, A., Reichel, F., Fischbacher, J., Bance, S., Gusenbauer, M., Schubert, C., Schrefl, T., (2015) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 381, p. 28; Mansuripur, M., (1995) The Physical Principles of Magneto-Optical Recording, pp. 652-654. , (Cambridge University Press); Dunavant, D.A., (1985) Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 21, p. 1129; Dean, J., Kovacs, A., Kohn, A., Goncharov, A., Bashir, M.A., Hrkac, G., Allwood, D.A., Schrefl, T., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Mansuripur, M., Giles, R., Patterson, G., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 4844; Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, pp. 1-30. , edited by H. Kronmüller and S. Parkin (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.); Quey, R., Dawson, P., Barbe, F., (2011) Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 200, p. 1729},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Morrison2015,
author={Morrison, C. and Miles, J.J. and Anh Nguyen, T.N. and Fang, Y. and Dumas, R.K. and Åkerman, J. and Thomson, T.},
title={Exchange coupling in hybrid anisotropy magnetic multilayers quantified by vector magnetometry},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4917336},
art_number={17B526},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927638209&doi=10.1063%2f1.4917336&partnerID=40&md5=a8afafa95954adf9ae2ff96fa1ed9432},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Materials Physics, School of ICT, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Kista, 164 40, Sweden; Spintronics Research Group, Laboratory for Nanotechnology (LNT), VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Hybrid anisotropy thin film heterostructures, where layers with perpendicular and in-plane anisotropy are separated by a thin spacer, are novel materials for zero/low field spin torque oscillators and bit patterned media. Here, we report on magnetization reversal and exchange coupling in a archetypal Co/Pd (perpendicular)-NiFe (in-plane) hybrid anisotropy system studied using vector vibrating sample magnetometry. This technique allows us to quantify the magnetization reversal in each individual magnetic layer, and measure of the interlayer exchange as a function of non-magnetic spacer thickness. At large (>1 nm) spacer thicknesses Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-like exchange dominates, with orange-peel coupling providing a significant contribution only for sub-nm spacer thickness. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Exchange coupling;  Film preparation;  Hybrid materials;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Magnetization reversal;  Magnetometers, Anisotropy-thin films;  Bit-patterned media;  In-plane anisotropy;  Interlayer exchange;  Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida;  Spin-torque oscillators;  Vector magnetometry;  Vibrating sample magnetometry, Magnetic multilayers},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/G032440/1},
references={Houssameddine, D., Ebels, U., Delaët, B., Rodmacq, B., Firastrau, I., Ponthenier, F., Brunet, M., Dieny, B., (2007) Nat. Mater., 6, p. 447; Mohseni, S.M., Sani, S.R., Persson, J., Anh Nguyen, T.N., Chung, S., Pogoryelov, Ye., Akerman, J., (2011) Phys. Status Solidi RRL, 5, p. 432; Rippard, W.H., Deac, A.M., Pufall, M.R., Shaw, J.M., Keller, M.W., Russek, S.E., Bauer, G.E.W., Serpico, C., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81; Heldt, G., Bryan, M.T., Hrkac, G., Stevenson, S.E., Chopdekar, R.V., Raabe, J., Thomson, T., Heyderman, L.J., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Kirschner, M., Suess, D., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3592; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545; Thomson, T., Lengsfield, B., Do, H., Terris, B.D., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98; Saharan, L., Morrison, C., Ikeda, Y., Takano, K., Miles, J.J., Thomson, T., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102; Anh Nguyen, T.N., Fang, Y., Fallahi, V., Benatmane, N., Mohseni, S.M., Dumas, R.K., Åkerman, J., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98; Anh Nguyen, T.N., Benatmane, N., Fallahi, V., Fang, Y., Mohseni, S.M., Dumas, R.K., Åkerman, J., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 3929; Zhou, Y., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Zhou, Y., (2009) New J. Phys., 11; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2540; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; O'Handley, R.C., (2000) Modern Magnetic Materials: Principle and Applications, , (Wiley-Interscience); Klein, T., Röhlsberger, R., Crisan, O., Schlage, K., Burkel, E., (2006) Thin Solid Films, 515, p. 2531; Bruno, P., Chappert, C., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 261},
correspondence_address1={Morrison, C.; Department of Physics, United Kingdom; email: C.Morrison.2@warwick.ac.uk},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2015,
author={Wang, S. and Ghoreyshi, A. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Feasibility of bit patterned media for HAMR at 5 Tb/in2},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4915908},
art_number={17C115},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925640693&doi=10.1063%2f1.4915908&partnerID=40&md5=9a561b6bb777af8e45815832ead8a88d},
affiliation={MINT, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States},
abstract={We have investigated the feasibility of BPM for HAMR via Finite Difference Time Domain and atomistic simulation and we have substantiated the feasibility of 5 Tb/in2 with two filling factors 25% and 56% even when the maximum on-track bit temperature is below the Curie temperature. The success of this underheated switching is attributed to sufficiently low anisotropy instead of reduction of Curie temperature. The temperature gradient in the cross-track direction is almost doubled if the optical head width is reduced by half, indicating the possibility of higher areal densities. Moreover, contrary to continuous media, we also found that the power absorption peaks at the bottom of the bit patterned FePt when the media is illuminated from above, which is probably due to stronger coupling there between FePt and the surrounding materials. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Curie temperature, Areal densities;  Atomistic simulations;  Bit-patterned media;  Continuous media;  Filling factor;  Low anisotropy;  Power absorption;  Surrounding materials, Finite difference time domain method},
references={Victora, R.H., Wang, S., Huang, P.W., Ghoreyshi, A., Noise mitigation in granular and bit-patterned media for HAMR IEEE Trans. Magn., , (to be published); Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B719; Wang, S., Mallary, M., Victora, R.H., Thermal switching distribution of FePt grains through atomistic simulation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11); Rong, C., Li, D., Nandwana, V., Poudyal, N., Ding, Y., Wang, Z.L., Zeng, H., Liu, J.P., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, pp. 2984-2988; Hovorka, O., Devos, S., Coopman, Q., Fan, W.J., Aas, C.J., Evans, R.F.L., Chen, X., Chantrell, R.W., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101; Sendur, K., Challener, W., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T.C., Poon, C.C., Balamane, H., Boone, T.D., Katine, J.A., Li, J., (2010) Nat. Photonics, 4, p. 484},
correspondence_address1={Wang, S.; MINT, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of MinnesotaUnited States},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Carlotti2015,
author={Carlotti, G. and Tacchi, S. and Gubbiotti, G. and Madami, M. and Dey, H. and Csaba, G. and Porod, W.},
title={Spin wave eigenmodes in single and coupled sub-150nm rectangular permalloy dots},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4914878},
art_number={17A316},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924674548&doi=10.1063%2f1.4914878&partnerID=40&md5=05162c196f87df6d926cfb80845a3709},
affiliation={Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Istituto Officina Dei Materiali Del CNR (CNR-IOM), Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Perugia, Italy; Center for Nano Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN  46556, United States},
abstract={We present the results of a Brillouin light scattering investigation of thermally excited spin wave eigenmodes in square arrays of either isolated rectangular dots of permalloy or twins of dipolarly coupled elements, placed side-by-side or head-to-tail. The nanodots, fabricated by e-beam lithography and lift-off, are 20nm thick and have the major size D in the range between 90nm and 150nm. The experimental spectra show the presence of two main peaks, corresponding to modes localized either at the edges or in the center of the dots. Their frequency dependence on the dot size and on the interaction with adjacent elements has been measured and successfully interpreted on the basis of dynamical micromagnetic simulations. The latter enabled us also to describe the spatial profile of the eigenmodes, putting in evidence the effects induced by the dipolar interaction between coupled dots. In particular, in twinned dots the demagnetizing field is appreciably modified in proximity of the "internal edges" if compared to the "external" ones, leading to a splitting of the edge mode. These results can be relevant for the exploitation of sub-150nm magnetic dots in new applications, such as magnonic metamaterials, bit-patterned storage media, and nano-magnetic logic devices. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Brillouin scattering;  Light scattering;  Logic devices;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic storage;  Nickel alloys;  Spin waves, Brillouin light scattering;  Demagnetizing field;  Dipolar interaction;  e-Beam lithography;  Experimental spectra;  Frequency dependence;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Spin-wave eigenmodes, Ferromagnetic resonance},
references={Carlotti, G., Gubbiotti, G., Madami, M., Tacchi, S., Hartmann, F., Emmerling, M., Kamp, M., Worschech, L., (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47; Kruglyak, V.V., Keatley, P.S., Neudert, A., Hicken, R.J., Childress, J.R., Katine, J.A., (2010) Phys. Rev. Lett., 104; Saha, S., Mandal, R., Barman, S., Kumar, D., Rana, B., Fukuma, Y., Sugimoto, S., Barman, A., (2013) Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, p. 2378; Keatley, P.S., Gangmei, P., Dvornik, M., Hicken, R.J., Grollier, J., Ulysset, C., (2013) Phys Rev. Lett., 110; Liu, X.M., Ding, J., Singh, N., Shimon, G., Adeyeye, A.O., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 105; Zivieri, R., Montoncello, F., Giovannini, L., Nizzoli, F., Tacchi, S., Madami, M., Gubbiotti, G., Adeyeye, A.O., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 83; Tacchi, S., Montoncello, F., Madami, M., Gubbiotti, G., Carlotti, G., Giovannini, L., Zivieri, R., Singh, N., (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 107; Peng, L., Csaba, G., Sankar, V.K., Ju, X., Lugli, P., Sharon Hu, X., Niemier, M., Bernstein, G.H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Due to this rather small value of the incidence angle and to the relatively large value of the light wavelength (compared to the dimension of the dots), only the modes that have an appreciable average dynamical magnetization component could be detected. In fact, the corresponding wavelength associated to the in-plane component of the light wavevector, is about 1530nm, i.e.; much larger than the lateral dot dimensions for all the specimens; Carlotti, G., Gubbiotti, G., (1999) Riv. Nuovo Cimento, 22, p. 1; See for A Description of the Program Features, , www.micromagus.de; McMichael, R.D., Stiles, M.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 10J901; Dvornik, M., Bondarenko, P.V., Ivanov, B.A., Kruglyak, V.V., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109; Keatley, P.S., Kruglyak, V.V., Neudert, A., Galaktionov, E.A., Hicken, R.J., Childress, J.R., Katine, J.A., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78; Shaw, J.M., Silva, T.J., Schneider, M.L., McMichael, R.D., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 79},
correspondence_address1={Carlotti, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di PerugiaItaly},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arrayangkool2015,
author={Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C.},
title={A two-dimensional coding design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4913894},
art_number={17A904},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924185678&doi=10.1063%2f1.4913894&partnerID=40&md5=f6782b8e63e762082ed95942e8607bb9},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={This paper proposes a two dimensional (2D) staggered recorded-bit patterning (SRBP) coding scheme for staggered array bit-patterned media recording channel to alleviate the severe 2D interference, which requires no redundant bits at the expense of increased an additional memories. Specifically, a data sequence is first split into three tracks. Then, each data track is circularly shifted to find the best data pattern based on a look-up table before recording such that the shifted data tracks cause the lowest 2D interference in the readback signal. Simulation results indicate that the system with our proposed SRBP scheme outperforms that without any 2D coding, especially when an areal density (AD) is high and/or the position jitter is large. Specifically, for the system without position jitter at bit-error rate of 10-4, the proposed scheme can provide about 1.8 and 2.3 dB gains at the AD of 2.5 and 3.0 Tb/in.2, respectively. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Channel coding;  Codes (symbols);  Jitter;  Magnetic recording;  Table lookup, 2-d interferences;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Data sequences;  Position jitter;  Staggered arrays;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Two-dimensional coding, Bit error rate},
references={Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214; Ng, Y., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 1976-1983; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2307; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2559; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., (2013) Proceedings of ECTI-CON, p. 126; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C, p. 1490; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115, p. 17B703; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3789; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., (2007) Proceeding of ICC, p. 6249; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3639; Timakul, S., Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., Choomchuay, S., (2014) Adv. Mater. Res., 834-836, pp. 962-967},
correspondence_address1={Warisarn, C.; College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangThailand},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pituso2015,
author={Pituso, K. and Kaewrawang, A. and Buatong, P. and Siritaratiwat, A. and Kruesubthaworn, A.},
title={The temperature and electromagnetic field distributions of heat-assisted magnetic recording for bit-patterned media at ultrahigh areal density},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2015},
volume={117},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4906323},
art_number={17C501},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923675213&doi=10.1063%2f1.4906323&partnerID=40&md5=bfa340e3cef8df18e07bb0df0edba9d4},
affiliation={Magnetic Materials and Data Storage Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; EMI/EMC Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai, 43000, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, the temperature and electromagnetic field distributions for bit-patterned media (BPM) with heat-assisted writing technology at areal density of 6.54-17.92 Tb/in2 are investigated by the finite integral technique method. We have found that the BPM can confine temperature better than continuous media. The temperature ratio of neighbor bits to heating bit of BPM at areal density of 6.54-7.69 Tb/in2 is lower than 65% and increases with increasing areal density. The electric field direction is toward the bit and the magnetic field circulates around the heating bit. In addition, the electric field of BPM is the same pattern as continuous media at areal density of 13.17 Tb/in2 or above. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Electric fields;  Electromagnetic fields, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Electric-field directions;  Electromagnetic field distribution;  Finite integral techniques;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Temperature ratio;  Writing technology, Magnetic recording},
references={Yuan, L., Gao, L., Nicholl, L., Liou, S.H., (2006) International Magnetics Conference, p. 893; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Nowak, U., Lyberatos, A., Ritchter, H.-J., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100; Matsumoto, K., Inomata, A., Hasegawa, S., (2006) Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J., 42, p. 158; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Waseda, K., Doi, R., Purnama, B., Yoshimura, S., Nozaki, Y., Matsuyama, K., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 2483; Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 309; Katada, H., Hashimoto, M., Urakami, Y., Das, S., Shiimoto, M., Sugiyama, M., Ichihara, T., Nakamoto, K., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 798; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3685; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 6; (2010), https://www.cst.com/, CST GmbH, Germany, CST Microwave Studio; Weiland, T., (1996) Int. J. Numer. Modell.: Electron. Networks Devices Fields, 9, p. 295; Balanis, C.A., (1989) Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, p. 20. , 1st ed. (John Wiley & Sons, USA); Cengel, Y.A., (2007) Heat and Mass Transfer, p. 61. , 3rd ed. (McGraw-Hill, India); Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Li, Z., Wei, D., Wei, F., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3108; Wu, H.Q., Xu, D.M., Wang, Q., Yao, Y.Z., Wang, Q.Y., Su, G.Q., (2008) Bull. Mater. Sci., 31, p. 801; Sabau, A.S., Dinwiddie, R.B., (2006) JOM, 58, p. 35; (2005) Air Properties, the Engineering Tool Box, , http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-d_156.html, (last accessed September 23, 2013)},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Carosino2015,
author={Carosino, M. and Wood, R. and Park, J. and Schabes, M.},
title={Estimation and detection on uniform hexagonal array models},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={5},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2369504},
art_number={6953254},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930668558&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2369504&partnerID=40&md5=e389b7aa025414612f8b0f3826974df6},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA  99163, United States; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95119, United States; San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={Magnetic recording at the highest areal density on conventional granular recording media uses ∼10 grains to carry each bit of customer data. Efforts to reduce this number have focused on improving the resolution of the writing and reading processes and, in particular, on improving uniformity of the recording medium and on incorporating knowledge of the recording medium statistics into the detection process. This paper considers the extreme case of data detection on a perfect hexagonal array of grains. This paper looks at two aspects: 1) the estimation of the angle and positioning of the array with respect to the bit-steam and 2) the use of that information to assist data detection. At aggressive densities with very few grains per bit (GPB), the estimation proceeds well and the extra information is helpful in detection. With more GPB, the gains become small. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Data detection;  grains per bit (GPB);  hexagonal array;  magnetic recording;  patterned media},
keywords={Magnetic materials, Areal densities;  Data detection;  Detection process;  Estimation and detection;  Hexagonal arrays;  Patterned medias;  Recording media;  Recording medium, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1218885},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Wood, R., Future hard disk drive systems (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 555-561. , Mar; Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., Weller, D., Murray, C.B., Compositionally controlled FePt nanoparticle materials (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), pp. 1239-1243. , Jul; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939. , Aug; Asbahi, M., Determination of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations in patterned arrays fabricated by the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (3), pp. 51-55. , Mar; Wen, T., Nanoparticle self-assembly approaches to bit-patterned media (2014) The IEEE TMRC Conf., , presented at Berkeley, CA, USA; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Kavcic, A., Ryan, W., Erden, F., 2-D magnetic recording: Read channel modeling and detection (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3830-3836. , Oct; Kavcic, A., Huang, X., Vasic, B., Ryan, W., Erden, M.F., Channel modeling and capacity bounds for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 812-818. , Mar; Pan, L., Ryan, W.E., Wood, R., Vasic, B., Coding and detection for rectangular-grain TDMR models (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (6), pp. 1705-1711. , Jun; Carosino, M., Chen, Y., Belzer, B., Sivakumar, K., Murray, J., Wettin, P., Iterative detection and decoding for the four-rectangular-grain TDMR model (2013) Proc. 51st Annu. Allerton Conf. Commun., Control, Comput. (Allerton), pp. 653-659. , Oct; Tse, D., Viswanath, P., Capacity of fading channels (2005) Fundamentals of Wireless Communication., p. 186. , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press},
correspondence_address1={Carosino, M.; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Washington State UniversityUnited States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Albrecht2015,
author={Albrecht, T.R. and Arora, H. and Ayanoor-Vitikkate, V. and Beaujour, J.-M. and Bedau, D. and Berman, D. and Bogdanov, A.L. and Chapuis, Y.-A. and Cushen, J. and Dobisz, E.E. and Doerk, G. and Gao, H. and Grobis, M. and Gurney, B. and Hanson, W. and Hellwig, O. and Hirano, T. and Jubert, P.-O. and Kercher, D. and Lille, J. and Liu, Z. and Mate, C.M. and Obukhov, Y. and Patel, K.C. and Rubin, K. and Ruiz, R. and Schabes, M. and Wan, L. and Weller, D. and Wu, T.-W. and Yang, E.},
title={Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Theory, media fabrication, and recording performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={5},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2015.2397880},
art_number={7029109},
note={cited By 140},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930656444&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2015.2397880&partnerID=40&md5=a59b763f4679ff7722d96e9da58e15fc},
affiliation={HGST, Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA  95138, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) for magnetic recording provides a route to thermally stable data recording at &gt;1 Tb/in2 and circumvents many of the challenges associated with extending conventional granular media technology. Instead of recording a bit on an ensemble of random grains, BPM comprises a well-ordered array of lithographically patterned isolated magnetic islands, each of which stores 1 bit. Fabrication of BPM is viewed as the greatest challenge for its commercialization. In this paper, we describe a BPM fabrication method that combines rotary-stage e-beam lithography, directed self-assembly of block copolymers, self-aligned double patterning, nanoimprint lithography, and ion milling to generate BPM based on CoCrPt alloy materials at densities up to 1.6 Td/in2. This combination of novel fabrication technologies achieves feature sizes of &lt;10 nm, which is significantly smaller than what conventional nanofabrication methods used in semiconductor manufacturing can achieve. In contrast to earlier work that used hexagonal arrays of round islands, our latest approach creates BPM with rectangular bit cells, which are advantageous for the integration of BPM with existing hard disk drive technology. The advantages of rectangular bits are analyzed from a theoretical and modeling point of view, and system integration requirements, such as provision of servo patterns, implementation of write synchronization, and providing for a stable head-disk interface, are addressed in the context of experimental results. Optimization of magnetic alloy materials for thermal stability, writeability, and tight switching field distribution is discussed, and a new method for growing BPM islands from a specially patterned underlayer - referred to as templated growth - is presented. New recording results at 1.6 Td/in2 (roughly equivalent to 1.3 Tb/in2) demonstrate a raw error rate &lt; 10-2, which is consistent with the recording system requirements of modern hard drives. Extendibility of BPM to higher densities and its eventual combination with energy-assisted recording are explored. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  bit-patterned media;  block copolymer;  Co alloys;  double patterning;  e-beam lithography;  hard disk drive;  interface anisotropy;  magnetic multilayers;  magnetic recording;  nanoimprint lithography;  prepatterned servo;  self-assembly;  sequential infiltration synthesis;  templated growth;  thermal annealing;  write synchronization},
keywords={Alloys;  Block copolymers;  Cobalt alloys;  Copolymers;  Digital storage;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication;  Growth (materials);  Hard disk storage;  Lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Self assembly;  Semiconductor device manufacture;  Thermodynamic stability, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Co alloys;  Double patterning;  e-Beam lithography;  Hard Disk Drive;  Interface anisotropy;  Templated growth;  Thermal-annealing, Magnetic recording},
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correspondence_address1={Albrecht, T.R.; HGST, United States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Naseri2015,
author={Naseri, S. and Hodtani, G.A.},
title={A general write channel model for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={5},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2364794},
art_number={6936364},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930614028&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2364794&partnerID=40&md5=ab6e2edf2d4b053992f101f5fbec5dfb},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran},
abstract={In this paper, we propose a general write channel model for bit-patterned media recording by adding physically justifiable noise and feedback to the previously studied model. First, we study the noisy writing process by discussing several sources of errors causing some extra disturbances during the write process, in addition to data-dependent write synchronization errors that were studied before. Then, for this generalized model with various input and state distributions, we obtain information rate lower and upper bounds including the previous bounds as special cases. Second, a simplified feedback in the proposed channel is considered which stems from the special features of writing, and the behavior of this channel is analyzed in response to the feedback and compared mathematically and numerically with the situation, at which the feedback is ignored. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  channel capacity;  Markov-1 rate;  symmetric information rate},
keywords={Channel capacity;  Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Generalized models;  Information rates;  Lower and upper bounds;  State distributions;  Symmetric information rates;  Synchronization error, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Read channel modeling for detection in two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3679-3682. , Oct; Sann Chan, K., Channel models and detectors for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 804-811. , Mar; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Zhang, S., Chai, K.-S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Ldpc codes for the cascaded bsc-bawgn channel (2009) Proc. 47th Annu. Allerton Conf. Commun., Control, Comput., pp. 620-627. , Oct; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on bpmr channels with written-in error correction and iti mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (1). , Jan; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Kong, L., Coding and detection for channels with written-in errors and inter-symbol interference (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (10). , Oct; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2006) Elements of Information Theory, , 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 tb/in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Zhang, S., Cai, K., Qin, Z., A position-dependent binary symmetric channel model for bpmr write errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2582-2585. , Jun; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Weissman, T., Asnani, H., Permuter, H.H., Capacity of a post channel with and without feedback (2013) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Inf. Theory, pp. 2538-2542. , Istanbul, Turkey, Jul},
correspondence_address1={Hodtani, G.A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bird20157340,
author={Bird, S.M. and Galloway, J.M. and Rawlings, A.E. and Bramble, J.P. and Staniland, S.S.},
title={Taking a hard line with biotemplating: Cobalt-doped magnetite magnetic nanoparticle arrays},
journal={Nanoscale},
year={2015},
volume={7},
number={16},
pages={7340-7351},
doi={10.1039/c5nr00651a},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927942734&doi=10.1039%2fc5nr00651a&partnerID=40&md5=a5cf98851e856fcfff97a16a38129174},
affiliation={University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Department of Physics and Astronomy, E C Stoner Building, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom},
abstract={Rapid advancements made in technology, and the drive towards miniaturisation, means that we require reliable, sustainable and cost effective methods of manufacturing a wide range of nanomaterials. In this bioinspired study, we take advantage of millions of years of evolution, and adapt a biomineralisation protein for surface patterning of biotemplated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We employ soft-lithographic micro-contact printing to pattern a recombinant version of the biomineralisation protein Mms6 (derived from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1). The Mms6 attaches to gold surfaces via a cysteine residue introduced into the N-terminal region. The surface bound protein biotemplates highly uniform MNPs of magnetite onto patterned surfaces during an aqueous mineralisation reaction (with a mean diameter of 90 ± 15 nm). The simple addition of 6% cobalt to the mineralisation reaction maintains the uniformity in grain size (with a mean diameter of 84 ± 14 nm), and results in the production of MNPs with a much higher coercivity (increased from ≈156 Oe to ≈377 Oe). Biotemplating magnetic nanoparticles on patterned surfaces could form a novel, environmentally friendly route for the production of bit-patterned media, potentially the next generation of ultra-high density magnetic data storage devices. This is a simple method to fine-tune the magnetic hardness of the surface biotemplated MNPs, and could easily be adapted to biotemplate a wide range of different nanomaterials on surfaces to create a range of biologically templated devices. © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},
keywords={Amino acids;  Cobalt;  Cost effectiveness;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Magnetite;  Magnetite nanoparticles;  Mineralogy;  Nanostructured materials;  Recombinant proteins;  Virtual storage, Bit-patterned media;  Cost-effective methods;  Magnetic hardness;  Magnetic nanoparti cles (MNPs);  Magnetotactic Bacteria;  Micro contact printing;  Surface patterning;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic nanoparticles, bacterial protein;  cobalt;  gold;  magnetite nanoparticle, atomic force microscopy;  chemistry;  Magnetospirillum;  metabolism;  particle size;  quartz crystal microbalance;  surface property, Bacterial Proteins;  Cobalt;  Gold;  Magnetite Nanoparticles;  Magnetospirillum;  Microscopy, Atomic Force;  Particle Size;  Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; gold, 7440-57-5; Bacterial Proteins; Cobalt; Gold; Magnetite Nanoparticles},
funding_details={Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, BBSRC, BB/H005412/2},
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B, 104, pp. 695-702; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 10-15; Thomson, T., Toney, M., Raoux, S., Lee, S., Sun, S., Murray, C., Terris, B., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, pp. 1197-1201; Mao, C., Solis, D.J., Reiss, B.D., Kottmann, S.T., Sweeney, R.Y., Hayhurst, A., Georgiou, G., Belcher, A.M., (2004) Science, 303, pp. 213-217},
correspondence_address1={Staniland, S.S.; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; email: s.s.staniland@sheffield.ac.uk},
publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry},
issn={20403364},
pubmed_id={25825205},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanoscale},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Victora2015,
author={Victora, R.H. and Wang, S. and Huang, P.-W. and Ghoreyshi, A.},
title={Noise mitigation in granular and bit-patterned media for HAMR},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={4},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2353660},
art_number={7109984},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930506815&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2353660&partnerID=40&md5=c07cd4c94c2c483d12d727379a050f1b},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States},
abstract={Feasibility of heat assisted magnetic recording for granular and bit-patterned media (BPM) is evaluated in the context of various noises. Using micromagnetic simulation of renormalized media cells, we predict that the jitter is only 0.58 nm at a head speed of 10 m/s for the bilayer structure of FeRh/FePt when the grain size is 3.2 nm, validating the possibility of 6 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {\mathbf {2}}}$. We propose a new structure FePt/Cr/X/FePt that uses a Cr layer to produce an antiferromagnetic coupling that mimics the behavior of FeRh/FePt. We also confirmed the consistency of our renormalization approach for cell sizes from 1.0 to 1.5 nm. The temperature distribution is analyzed for BPM for areal densities of 2.2-5 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {{2}}}$. We have predicted the maximum tolerable on-track bit temperatures at different areal densities and filling factors and substantiate the feasibility of BPM at 5 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {{2}}}$ by observing successful and deterministic switching under a realistic temperature distribution. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  FePt;  granular media;  heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  noise},
keywords={Temperature distribution, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  FePt;  Granular media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  noise, Magnetic recording},
references={Chernyshov, A., Treves, D., Le, T., Zong, F., Ajan, A., Acharya, R., Measurement of FePt thermal properties relevant to heat-assisted magnetic recording (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115 (17), pp. 17B7351-17B7353. , May; Sendur, K., Challener, W., Patterned medium for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (3), pp. 0325031-0325033. , Jan; Xu, B., HAMR media design in optical and thermal aspects (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2559-2564. , Jun; Victora, R.H., Huang, P.-W., Simulation of heat-assisted magnetic recording using renormalized media cells (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 751-757. , Feb; Huang, P.-W., Victora, R.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording: Grain size dependency, enhanced damping, and a simulation/experiment comparison (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115 (17), pp. 17B7101-17B7103. , May; Chepulskii, R.V., Butler, W.H., Temperature and particle-size dependence of the equilibrium order parameter of FePt alloys (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72 (13), p. 134205. , Oct; Rong, C.-B., Structural phase transition and ferromagnetism in monodisperse 3 nm FePt particles (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102 (4), p. 043913. , Aug; Alloyeau, D., Size and shape effects on the order-disorder phase transition in CoPt nanoparticles (2009) Nature Mater., 8, pp. 940-946. , Nov; Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Nowak, U., Lyberatos, A., Richter, H.-J., Thermally induced error: Density limit for magnetic data storage (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100 (10), p. 102402; Zhu, J.-G., Li, H., Understanding signal and noise in heat assisted magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 765-772. , Feb; Huang, P.-W., Victora, R.H., Approaching the grain-size limit for jitter using FeRh/FePt in heat-assisted magnetic recording (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), p. 3203304; Wang, X., Gao, K., Zhou, H., Itagi, A., Seigler, M., Gage, E., HAMR recording limitations and extendibility (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 686-692. , Feb; Grier, B.H., Shirane, G., Werner, S.A., Magnetic excitations in chromium. II (1985) Phys. Rev. B, 31 (5), pp. 2892-2901; Zabel, H., Magnetism of chromium at surfaces, at interfaces and in thin films (1999) J. Phys., Condens. Matter, 11 (48), pp. 9303-9346; Ghoreyshi, A., Victora, R.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording with patterned FePt recording media using a lollipop near field transducer (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 115 (17), p. 17B719; Challener, W.A., Itagi, A., Thermal modeling of optical power absorption in moving multilayer thin films (2008) Open Opt. J., 2 (1), pp. 67-74; Thorp, J.S., Rad, N.E., Evans, D., Williams, C.D.H., The temperature dependence of permittivity in MgO and Fe-MgO single crystals (1986) J. Mater. Sci., 21 (9), pp. 3091-3096; Wang, S., Mallary, M., Victora, R.H., Thermal switching distribution of FePt grains through atomistic simulation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50 (11), p. 3203304},
correspondence_address1={Wang, S.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, University of MinnesotaUnited States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shahsavari2015,
author={Shahsavari, B. and Keikha, E. and Zhang, F. and Horowitz, R.},
title={Adaptive repetitive control design with online secondary path modeling and application to bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2015},
volume={51},
number={4},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2364737},
art_number={7109979},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930506720&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2364737&partnerID=40&md5=989966fecfe04d592defe4f5431573e9},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={This paper presents an adaptive repetitive controller for active tracking (rejecting) of unknown periodic trajectories (disturbances). The proposed control law is based on a modified filtered- {x} least mean squares (MFX-LMS) algorithm with a novel variable step size that improves the convergence rate and fades the steady state excess error in a stochastic environment. A novel secondary path modeling scheme is also proposed to adaptively compensate for the dynamic mismatches between the internal model of the MFX-LMS and the real dynamic system in an online fashion. We further discuss the application of this adaptive controller in servo mechanisms for hard disk drives (HDDs) that use bit patterned media recording in which full spectrum tracking of a periodic trajectory is crucial. Finally, comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental implementations are presented for an HDD servo system that is subjected to periodic disturbances known as repeatable run-out. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Active disturbance cancelation;  adaptive control;  bit patterned media recording (BPMR);  hard disk drives (HDDs);  repetitive control;  track-following servos},
keywords={Adaptive control systems;  Environmental regulations;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Servomechanisms;  Servomotors;  Social networking (online);  Stochastic systems, Active disturbance cancelation;  Adaptive Control;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Hard disk drives;  Repetitive control;  Track following, Controllers},
references={Chew, K.-K., Tomizuka, M., Digital control of repetitive errors in disk drive systems (1989) Proc. Amer. Control Conf., pp. 540-548. , Jun; Messner, W., Horowitz, R., Kao, W.-W., Boals, M., A new adaptive learning rule (1991) IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 36 (2), pp. 188-197. , Feb; Bjarnason, E., Noise cancellation using a modified form of the filtered-XLMS algorithm (1992) Proc. Eusipco Signal Process. V, pp. 1053-1060. , Bnissel; Kim, I.-S., Na, H.-S., Kim, K.-J., Park, Y., Constraint filtered-x and filtered-u least-mean-square algorithms for the active control of noise in ducts (1994) J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 95 (6), pp. 3379-3389; Elliott, S.J., Nelson, P.A., (1985) The Application of Adaptive Filtering to the Active Control of Sound and Vibration, 86, p. 32628. , Hampshire, U.K.: Univ. Southampton Inst. Sound Vibrat. Res; Lopes, P.A., Piedade, M.S., The behavior of the modified FX-LMS algorithm with secondary path modeling errors (2004) IEEE Signal Process. Lett., 11 (2), pp. 148-151. , Feb; Abramovitch, D., Franklin, G., A brief history of disk drive control (2002) IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 22 (3), pp. 28-42. , Jun; Al Mamun, A., Guo, G., Bi, C., (2007) Hard Disk Drive: Mechatronics and Control, 23. , Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC; White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording?" (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31 (1), pp. 203-235; Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Repeatable runout following in bit patterned media recording (2014) Proc. ASME Conf. Inf. Storage Process. Syst., , pp. V001T03A001-1-V001T03A001-3; Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Adaptive repetitive control using a modified filtered-X LMS algorithm (2014) Proc. ASME Dyn. Syst. Control Conf., p. 001T13A006; Feuer, A., Weinstein, E., Convergence analysis of LMS filters with uncorrelated Gaussian data (1985) IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., 33 (1), pp. 222-230. , Feb; Ungerboeck, G., Theory on the speed of convergence in adaptive equalizers for digital communication (1972) IBM J. Res. Develop., 16 (6), pp. 546-555; Eriksson, L., Allie, M., Use of random noise for on-line transducer modeling in an adaptive active attenuation system (1989) J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 85 (2), pp. 797-802; Akhtar, M.T., Abe, M., Kawamata, M., A new variable step size LMS algorithm-based method for improved online secondary path modeling in active noise control systems (2006) IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., 14 (2), pp. 720-726. , Mar; Regalia, P., (1994) Adaptive IIR Filtering in Signal Processing and Control, 90. , Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC; Ljung, L., Söderström, T., (1983) Theory and Practice of Recursive Identification, , Cambridge MA USA MIT Press; Kempf, C., Messner, W., Tomizuka, M., Horowitz, R., Comparison of four discrete-time repetitive control algorithms (1993) IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 13 (6), pp. 48-54. , Dec; Sacks, A.H., Bodson, M., Messner, W., Advanced methods for repeatable runout compensation [disc drives] (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1031-1036. , Mar; Wu, S.-C., Tomizuka, M., Repeatable runout compensation for hard disk drives using adaptive feedforward cancellation (2006) Proc. Amer. Control Conf., pp. 382-387. , Jun; Chen, Y.Q., Moore, K.L., Yu, J., Zhang, T., Iterative learning control and repetitive control in hard disk drive industry-A tutorial (2006) Proc. 45th IEEE Conf. Decision Control, pp. 2338-2351. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Shahsavari, B.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at BerkeleyUnited States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Qiu20156014,
author={Qiu, W. and Chang, L. and Lee, D. and Dannangoda, C. and Martirosyan, K. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Patterning of magnetic thin films and multilayers using nanostructured tantalum gettering templates},
journal={ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
year={2015},
volume={7},
number={11},
pages={6014-6018},
doi={10.1021/am5090463},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925832599&doi=10.1021%2fam5090463&partnerID=40&md5=03064fa724aa3151e3d379607c981ed7},
affiliation={Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX  77204, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX  77204, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX  78520, United States},
abstract={This work demonstrates that a nonmagnetic thin film of cobalt oxide (CoO) sandwiched between Ta seed and capping layers can be effectively reduced to a magnetic cobalt thin film by annealing at 200 °C, whereas CoO does not exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature and is stable at up to ∼400 °C. The CoO reduction is attributed to the thermodynamically driven gettering of oxygen by tantalum, similar to the exothermic reduction-oxidation reaction observed in thermite systems. Similarly, annealing at 200 °C of a nonmagnetic [CoO/Pd]N multilayer thin film sandwiched between Ta seed and Ta capping layers results in the conversion into a magnetic [Co/Pd]N multilayer, a material with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that is of interest for magnetic data storage applications. A nanopatterning approach is introduced where [CoO/Pd]N multilayers is locally reduced into [Co/Pd]N multilayers to achieve perpendicular magnetic anisotropy nanostructured array. This technique can potentially be adapted to nanoscale patterning of other systems for which thermodynamically favorable combination of oxide and gettering layers can be identified. © 2015 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayer;  cobalt oxide;  low temperature annealing;  nanoscale patterning},
keywords={Annealing;  Film preparation;  Lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic film storage;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetism;  Nanostructures;  Tantalum;  Temperature, Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Cobalt oxides;  Low temperature annealing;  Nanoscale patterning, Cobalt compounds},
funding_details={CBET-0933140, CMMI-0927786, ECCS-0926027},
references={Kinoshita, K., Yamada, K., Matsutera, H., Reactive Ion Etching of Fe-Si-Al Alloy for Thin Film Head (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, pp. 4888-4890; Terris, B.D., Fabrication Challenges for Patterned Recording Media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517; Lau, J.W., Shaw, J.M., Magnetic Nanostructures for Advanced Technologies: Fabrication, Metrology and Challenges (2011) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 44, p. 303001; Kim, W., Oh, S.-J., Nahm, T.-H., Oxidation and Annealing Effect on Cobalt Films on Palladium (111) (2002) Surf. Rev. Lett., 9, pp. 931-936; Martirosyan, K.S., Zyskin, M., Reactive Self-heating Model of Aluminum Spherical Nanoparticles (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, p. 053112; Terris, D.B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned Media for Future Magnetic Data Storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196; Ross, C.A., Patterned Magnetic Recording Media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Hu, B., Amos, N., Tian, Y., Butler, J., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Study of Co/Pd Multilayers as a Candidate Material for Next Generation Magnetic Media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 034314; Lairson, B.M., Pd/Co Multilayers for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, pp. 4014-4016; Den Broeder, F.J.A., Donkersloot, H.C., Draaisma, H.J.G., De Jone, W.J.M., Magnetic Properties and Structure of Pd/Co and Pd/Fe Multilayers (1987) J. Appl. Phys., 61, p. 4317; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., Suna, A., Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Pd/Co Thin Film Layered Structures (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, pp. 178-180; Smith, D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Combinatorial Synthesis of Co/Pd Magnetic Multilayers (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 113901; Bennett, W.R., England, C.D., Person, D.C., Falco, C.M., Magnetic Properties of Pd/Co multilayers (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, pp. 4384-4390; Hashimoto, S., Ochiai, Y., Aso, K., Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction of Sputtered Co/Pd and Co/Pt Multilayered Films (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 66, pp. 4909-4916; Hobosyan, M.A., Martirosyan, K.S., Consolidation of Lunar Regolith Simulant by Activated Thermite Reactions (2014) J. Aerosp. Eng., 10, p. 1061; Atanassova, E., Spassov, D., X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Thermal Thin Ta2O5 Films on Si (1998) Appl. Surf. Sci., 135, p. 71; Atanassova, E., Dimitrova, T., Koprinarva, J., AEC and XPS Study of Thin RF-spttered Ta2O5 Layers (1995) Appl. Surf. Sci., 84, p. 193; Demiryont, H., Sites, J.R., Geib, K., Effects of Oxygen Content on the Optical Properties of Tantalum Oxide Films Deposited by Ion-beam sputtering (1985) Appl. Opt., 24, p. 490; Zier, M., Oswald, S., Reiche, R., Wetzig, K., XPS Investigations of Thin Tantalum Films on a Silicon Surface (2003) Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 375, p. 902; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural Origin of Switching Field Distribution in Patterned Co/Pd Multilayer Nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 01250; Kryder, M.H., Cage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2417-2421; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., Integrated Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording Head: Design and Recording Demonstration (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 119-124},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Materials Science and Engineering, United States; email: Litvinov@uh.edu},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19448244},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nguyen2015136,
author={Nguyen, C.D. and Lee, J.},
title={Improving SOVA output using extrinsic informations for bit patterned media recording},
journal={2015 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, ICCE 2015},
year={2015},
pages={136-137},
doi={10.1109/ICCE.2015.7066353},
art_number={7066353},
note={cited By 7; Conference of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, ICCE 2015 ; Conference Date: 9 January 2015 Through 12 January 2015;  Conference Code:112500},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936108921&doi=10.1109%2fICCE.2015.7066353&partnerID=40&md5=787f04885a0022940298bba8426727e6},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea},
abstract={This research proposes a new detection scheme using three extrinsic information resources supporting two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm (2D SOVA) for bit patterned media recording (BPMR) that is well-known as a candidate for the next-generation magnetic storage system. The proposed method allows channel detection to improve its output with the help of the useful extrinsic information resources in each stage. © 2015 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic storage;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Detection scheme;  Extrinsic information;  Magnetic storage systems;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Information use},
references={Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , March; Kim, J., Moon, Y., Lee, J., Iterative decoding between twodimensional soft output viterbi algorithm and error correcting modulation code for holographic data storage (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50 (9), p. 3. , Sep; Kim, J., Wee, J.-K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (8), p. 5. , Aug; Colavolpe, G., Ferrari, G., Raheli, R., Extrinsic information in iterative decoding: A unified view (2001) IEEE Trans. Comm., 49 (12), pp. 2088-2094. , Dec},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9781479975426},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Conf. Consum. Electron., ICCE},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Jeong2015354,
author={Jeong, S. and Shin, O.-S. and Seo, C. and Lee, J.},
title={Inter-symbol interference compensation for bit patterned media recording storage},
journal={International Conference on Information Networking},
year={2015},
volume={2015-January},
pages={354-355},
doi={10.1109/ICOIN.2015.7057911},
art_number={7057911},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2015 International Conference on Information Networking, ICOIN 2015 ; Conference Date: 12 January 2015 Through 14 January 2015;  Conference Code:113662},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940488546&doi=10.1109%2fICOIN.2015.7057911&partnerID=40&md5=54930360a2ce47b4c9c6c798cb535b56},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Bit patterned media recording is one of the candidates for the next generation magnetic data storage. When the storage density is increased, the space between the islands narrows. Therefore, it has inter-symbol interference (ISI) in all directions, unlike in the serially in-and-out storage systems. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) ISI compensation method for bit patterned media recording magnetic storage systems. When using the proposed 2D ISI compensation scheme, the BER performance is improved, regardless of the amount of track misregistration. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media recording;  ISI compensation;  preprocessing;  two-dimensional inter-symbol interference},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic storage, Bit-patterned media recordings;  ISI compensations;  Magnetic storage systems;  preprocessing;  Storage densities;  Storage systems;  Track misregistration;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Intersymbol interference},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , January; Lu, P.L., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at 10gbit/in 2 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232. , November; Nutter, P.W., Mckirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , November; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , March; Kim, H., Yoon, P., Park, J., Jung, H., Park, G., Misalignment compensation and equalization for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48 (3), p. 03A034. , March},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
issn={19767684},
isbn={9781479983421},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Inf. Networking},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Doerk2015,
author={Doerk, G.S. and Gao, H. and Wan, L. and Lille, J. and Patel, K.C. and Chapuis, Y.-A. and Ruiz, R. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Transfer of self-aligned spacer patterns for single-digit nanofabrication},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2015},
volume={26},
number={8},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/26/8/085304},
art_number={085304},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922309566&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f26%2f8%2f085304&partnerID=40&md5=765549d6c1a7d16707e3af68f616754b},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Co., 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={We report the transfer of sub-10 nm half-pitch grating patterns created through a combination of block copolymer directed self-assembly and sidewall spacer-based self-aligned double patterning into Si substrates. Low substrate bias reactive ion etching of TiOx conformally deposited onto carbon mandrels using atomic layer deposition renders distinct, pitch-halved spacers with minimal etch byproduct redeposition. Independent spacer and mandrel width control and the use of an underlying CrNx hard mask deposited by reactive sputtering facilitates etching of Si lines with low roughness and fine placement control. The insights into pattern transfer presented here are directly applicable to the fabrication of rectangular bit pattern nanoimprint templates at densities above 1.5 Td in-2. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={atomic layer deposition;  directed self-assembly;  double patterning;  nanoimprint lithography;  patterned media},
keywords={Atomic layer deposition;  Block copolymers;  Chromium compounds;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Reactive ion etching;  Reactive sputtering;  Self assembly;  Silicon;  Substrates;  Titanium compounds, Directed self-assembly;  Double patterning;  Etch byproducts;  Half-pitch gratings;  Pattern transfers;  Patterned medias;  Self-aligned double patterning;  Sidewall spacer, Nitrogen compounds},
references={Yang, X., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38 (12), pp. 199-R222; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778; Cheng, J.Y., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., Nanostructure engineering by templated self-assembly of block copolymers (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, pp. 823-828; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Doerk, G.S., Liu, C.-C., Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Pitera, J.W., Krupp, L.E., Topuria, T., Sanders, D.P., Pattern placement accuracy in block copolymer directed self-assembly based on chemical epitaxy (2013) ACS Nano, 7, pp. 276-285; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Hwu, J.J., Wago, K., Kuo, D., Directed self-assembly for high-density bit-patterned media fabrication using spherical block copolymers (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithography MEMS MOEMS, 12; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Lille, J., Patel, K., Ruiz, R., Wu, T.-W., Gao, H., Wan, L., Zeltzer, G., Albrecht, T.R., Imprint lithography template technology for bit patterned media (BPM) (2011) SPIE Photomask Technology, , ed Maurer W.and Abboud F.E; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Dobisz, E.A., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolithography MEMS MOEMS, 11 (3); Bates, C.M., Seshimo, T., Maher, M.J., Durand, W.J., Cushen, J.D., Dean, L.M., Blachut, G., Willson, C.G., Polarity-switching top coats enable orientation of sub-10 nm block copolymer domains (2012) Science, 338, pp. 775-779; Bencher, C., Self-assembly patterning for sub-15 nm half-pitch: A transition from lab to fab (2011) SPIE Advanced Lithography, , Ed Herr D.J.C; Dhuey, S., Peroz, C., Olynick, D., Calafiore, G., Cabrini, S., Obtaining nanoimprint template gratings with 10 nm half-pitch by atomic layer deposition enabled spacer double patterning (2013) Nanotechnology, 24 (10); Moon, H.-S., Kim, J.Y., Jin, H.M., Lee, W.J., Choi, H.J., Mun, J.H., Choi, Y.J., Kim, S.O., Atomic layer deposition assisted pattern multiplication of block copolymer lithography for 5 nm scale nanopatterning (2014) Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, pp. 4343-4348; Yu, Z., Kurataka, N., Tran, H., Gauzner, G., Study of silica nano-pattern erosion in H2SO4-H2O2 mixture using spectroscopic ellipsometry (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 30 (4); Grill, A., Diamond-like carbon: State of the art (1999) Diam. Relat. Mater., 8, pp. 428-434; Ruiz, R., Wan, L., Lille, J., Patel, K.C., Dobisz, E., Johnston, D.E., Kisslinger, K., Black, C.T., Image quality and pattern transfer in directed self assembly with block-selective atomic layer deposition (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 30 (6); Peng, Q., Tseng, Y.-C., Darling, S.B., Elam, J.W., Nanoscopic patterned materials with tunable dimensions via atomic layer deposition on block copolymers (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, pp. 5129-5133; Patel, K.C., Ruiz, R., Lille, J., Wan, L., Dobiz, E., Gao, H., Robertson, N., Albrecht, T.R., Line-frequency doubling of directed self-assembly patterns for single-digit bit pattern media lithography (2012) SPIE Advanced Lithography, , ed Tong W.M; Olynick, D.L., Liddle, J.A., Rangelow, I.W., Profile evolution of Cr masked features undergoing HBr-inductively coupled plasma etching for use in 25 nm silicon nanoimprint templates (2005) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 23, p. 2073; Gottscho, R.A., Microscopic uniformity in plasma etching (1992) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 10, p. 2133; Gray, D.C., Redeposition kinetics in fluorocarbon plasma etching (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 12, p. 354; Norasetthekul, S., Park, P.Y., Baik, K.H., Lee, K.P., Shin, J.H., Jeong, B.S., Shishodia, V., Pearton, S.J., Dry etch chemistries for TiO2 thin films (2001) Appl. Surf. Sci., 185, pp. 27-33; Kim, R.-H., Spacer defined double patterning for sub-72 nm pitch logic technology (2010) SPIE Advanced Lithography; Inoue, S., Okada, F., Koterazawa, K., CrN films deposited by rf reactive sputtering using a plasma emission monitoring control (2002) Vacuum, 66, pp. 227-231; Lercel, M.J., Plasma etching with self-assembled monolayer masks for nanostructure fabrication (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 14, p. 1844; Schönbächler, E., Influence of AlSiTi grain boundaries on the plasma etch rate (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 15, p. 2011; Bangsaruntip, S., High performance and highly uniform gate-all-around silicon nanowire MOSFETs with wire size dependent scaling (2009) IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), pp. 1-4; Vyvoda, M.A., Effects of plasma conditions on the shapes of features etched in Cl2 and HBr plasmas: I. Bulk crystalline silicon etching (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 16, p. 3247; Moseler, M., Gumbsch, P., Casiraghi, C., Ferrari, A.C., Robertson, J., The ultrasmoothness of diamond-like carbon surfaces (2005) Science, 309, pp. 1545-1548},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lin20151379,
author={Lin, C.-H. and Polisetty, S. and O'Brien, L. and Baruth, A. and Hillmyer, M.A. and Leighton, C. and Gladfelter, W.L.},
title={Size-tuned ZnO nanocrucible arrays for magnetic nanodot synthesis via atomic layer deposition-assisted block polymer lithography},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2015},
volume={9},
number={2},
pages={1379-1387},
doi={10.1021/nn505731n},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923494208&doi=10.1021%2fnn505731n&partnerID=40&md5=4bc51165f4718f9564c735005b9a6805},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN  55455, United States; Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE  68178, United States; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom},
abstract={Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of conformal ZnO on a self-assembled block polymer lithographic template comprising well-ordered, vertically aligned cylindrical pores within a poly(styrene) (PS) matrix was used to produce nanocrucible templates with pore diameters tunable via ZnO thickness. Starting from a PS template with a hexagonal array of 30 nm diameter pores on a 45 nm pitch, the ZnO thickness was progressively increased to narrow the pore diameter to as low as 14 nm. Upon removal of the PS by heat treatment in air at 500 °C to form an array of size-tunable ZnO nanocrucibles, permalloy (Ni80Fe20) was evaporated at normal incidence, filling the pores and creating an overlayer. Argon ion beam milling was then used to etch back the overlayer (a Damascene-type process), leaving a well-ordered array of isolated ZnO nanocrucibles filled with permalloy nanodots. Microscopy and temperature-dependent magnetometry verified the diameter reduction with increasing ZnO thickness. The largest diameter (30 nm) dots exhibit a ferromagnetic multidomain/vortex state at 300 K, with relatively weakly temperature-dependent coercivity. Reducing the diameter leads to a crossover to a single-domain state and eventually superparamagnetism at sufficiently high temperature, in quantitative agreement with expectations. We argue that this approach could render this form of block polymer lithography compatible with high-temperature processing (as required for technologically important high perpendicular anisotropy ordered alloys, for instance), in addition to enabling separation-dependent studies to probe interdot magnetostatic interactions. © 2015 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={atomic layer deposition;  bit patterned media;  block copolymer;  magnetic nanodots;  nanocrucible;  nanolithography},
keywords={Atomic layer deposition;  Atoms;  Block copolymers;  II-VI semiconductors;  Ion beams;  Iron alloys;  Magnetostatics;  Nanodots;  Nanolithography;  Nickel alloys;  Oxide minerals;  Permalloy;  Styrene;  Temperature;  Zinc oxide, Bit-patterned media;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  High-temperature processing;  Magnetic nano-dots;  Magnetostatic interactions;  nanocrucible;  Quantitative agreement;  Temperature dependent, Silicon compounds},
funding_details={DMR-0819885, DMR-1420013},
references={Bang, J., Jeong, U., Ryu, D., Block Copolymer Nanolithography: Translation of Molecular Level Control to Nanoscale Patterns (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 4769-4792; Hamley, I., Ordering in Thin Films of Block Copolymers: Fundamentals to Potential Applications (2009) Prog. Polym. Sci., 34, pp. 1161-1210; Lazzari, M., López-Quintela, M.A., Block Copolymers as a Tool for Nanomaterial Fabrication (2003) Adv. Mater., 15, pp. 1583-1594; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Steiner, R., Derouchey, J., Stafford, C.M., Huang, E., Bal, M., Tuominen, M., Russell, T.P., Nanoscopic Templates from Oriented Block Copolymer Films (2000) Adv. Mater., 12, pp. 787-791; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density Multiplication and Improved Lithography by Directed Block Copolymer Assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Park, S., Wang, J.-Y., Kim, B., Xu, J., Russell, T.P., A Simple Route to Highly Oriented and Ordered Nanoporous Block Copolymer Templates (2008) ACS Nano, 2, pp. 766-772; Luo, M., Epps, T.H., III, Directed Block Copolymer Thin Film Self-Assembly: Emerging Trends in Nanopattern Fabrication (2013) Macromolecules, 46, pp. 7567-7579; Ramanathan, M., Tseng, Y.-C., Ariga, K., Darling, S.B., Emerging Trends in Metal-Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Nanomanufacturing Applications (2013) J. Mater. Chem. C, 1, pp. 2080-2091; Bates, C.M., Maher, M.J., Janes, D.W., Ellison, C.J., Wilson, C.G., Block Copolymer Lithography (2014) Macromolecules, 47, pp. 2-12; Bates, F.S., Polymer-Polymer Phase Behavior (1991) Science, 251, pp. 898-905; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.-H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., Formation of a Cobalt Magnetic Dot Array via Block Copolymer Lithography (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, pp. 1174-1178; Bandić, Z.Z., Litvinov, D., Rooks, M., Nanostructured Materials in Information Storage (2008) MRS Bull., 33, pp. 831-837; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Patterned Magnetic Media Made by Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Lithography (2008) MRS Bull., 33, pp. 838-845; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for Use in Bit Patterned Media Fabrication (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, pp. 503001-503030; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kästle, G.A., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K., Russell, T.P., Ultrahigh-Density Nanowire Arrays Grown in Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymer Templates (2000) Science, 290, pp. 2126-2129; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Orientation-Controlled Self-Assembled Nanolithography Using a Polystyrene-Polydimethylsiloxane Block Copolymer (2007) Nano Lett., 7, pp. 2046-2050; Stoykovich, M.P., Kang, H., Daoulas, K.C., Liu, G., Liu, C.-C., De Pablo, J.J., Müller, M., Nealey, P.F., Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for Nanolithography: Fabrication of Isolated Features and Essential Integrated Circuit Geometries (2007) ACS Nano, 1, pp. 168-175; Black, C.T., Polymer Self-Assembly as a Novel Extension to Optical Lithography (2007) ACS Nano, 1, pp. 147-150; Tang, C., Lennon, E.M., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Hawker, C.J., Evolution of Block Copolymer Lithography to Highly Ordered Square Arrays (2008) Science, 322, pp. 429-432; Peng, Q., Tseng, Y.-C., Darling, S.B., Elam, J.W., Nanoscopic Patterned Materials with Tunable Dimensions via Atomic Layer Deposition on Block Copolymers (2010) Adv. Mater., 22, pp. 5129-5133; Peng, Q., Tseng, Y.-C., Darling, S.B., Elam, J.W., A Route to Nanoscopic Materials via Sequential Infiltration Synthesis on Block Copolymer Templates (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 4600-4606; Tseng, Y.-C., Peng, Q., Ocola, L.E., Elam, J.W., Darling, S.B., Enhanced Block Copolymer Lithography Using Sequential Infiltration Synthesis (2011) J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, pp. 17725-17729; Tseng, Y.-C., Peng, L.E., Ocola, L.E., Czaplewski, D.A., Elam, J.W., Darling, S.B., Enhanced Polymeric Lithography Resists via Sequential Infiltration Synthesis (2011) J. Mater. Chem., 21, pp. 11722-11725; Tseng, Y.-C., Mane, A.U., Elam, J.W., Darling, S.B., Enhanced Lithographic Imaging Layer Meets Semiconductor Manufacturing Specification a Decade Early (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 2608-2613; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Edwards, E.W., La, Y.-H., Nealey, P.F., Graphoepitaxy of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymers for Use as Templates to Pattern Magnetic Metal Dot Arrays (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, pp. S324-S329; Sinturel, C., Vayer, M., Morris, M., Hillmyer, M.A., Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Polymer Thin Films (2013) Macromolecules, 46, pp. 5399-5415; Baruth, A., Seo, M., Lin, C.-H., Walster, K., Shankar, A., Hillmyer, M.A., Leighton, C., Optimization of Long-Range Order in Solvent Vapor Annealed Poly(styrene)- block -poly(lactide) Thin Films for Nanolithography (2014) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, pp. 13770-13781; Baruth, A., Rodwogin, M.D., Shankar, A., Erickson, M.J., Hillmyer, M.A., Leighton, C., Non-Lift-off Block Copolymer Lithography of 25 nm Magnetic Nanodot Arrays (2011) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, pp. 3472-3481; Olayo-Valles, R., Lund, M.S., Leighton, C., Hillmyer, M.A., Large Area Nanolithographic Templates by Selective Etching of Chemically Stained Block Copolymer Thin Films (2004) J. Mater. Chem., 14, pp. 2729-2731; Moon, H.-S., Kim, J.Y., Jin, H.M., Lee, W.J., Choi, H.J., Mun, J.H., Choi, Y.J., Kim, S.O., Atomic Layer Deposition Assisted Pattern Multiplication of Block Copolymer Lithography for 5 nm Scale Nanopatterning (2014) Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, pp. 4343-4348; George, S.M., Atomic Layer Deposition: An Overview (2010) Chem. Rev., 110, pp. 111-131; Elam, J.W., Routkevitch, D., Mardilovich, P.P., George, S.M., Conformal Coating on Ultrahigh-Aspect-Ratio Nanopores of Anodic Alumina by Atomic Layer Deposition (2003) Chem. Mater., 15, pp. 3507-3517; Kumagai, H., Kusunoki, T., Kobayashi, T., Surface Modification of Polymers by Thermal Ozone Treatments (2007) AZojomo [Online]; Warner, E.J., Cramer, C.J., Gladfelter, W.L., Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO: Understanding the Reactions of Ozone with Diethylzinc (2013) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 31, pp. 415041-415047; Yuan, H., Luo, B., Yu, D., Cheng, A.-J., Campbell, S.A., Gladfelter, W.L., Atomic Layer Deposition of Al-Doped ZnO Films Using Ozone as the Oxygen Source: A Comparison of Two Methods to Deliver Aluminum (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A, 30, pp. 1A1381-1A1388; Ross, C.A., Hwang, M., Shima, M., Cheng, J.Y., Farhoud, M., Savas, T.A., Smith, H.I., Humphrey, F.B., Micromagnetic Behavior of Electrodeposited Cylinder Arrays (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, pp. 1444171-1444178; Scholz, W., Guslienko, K.Y., Novosad, V., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Chantrell, R.W., Fidler, J., Transition from Single-Domain to Vortex State in Soft Magnetic Cylindrical Nanodots (2003) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 266, pp. 155-163; Dumas, R.K., Liu, K., Li, C.-P., Roshschin, I.V., Schuller, I.K., Temperature Induced Single Domain-Vortex State Transition in Sub-100 nm Fe Nanodots (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, pp. 2025011-2025013},
correspondence_address1={Hillmyer, M.A.; Department of Chemistry, United States; email: hillmyer@umn.edu},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19360851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ohnuki2015301,
author={Ohnuki, S. and Kuma, A. and Takano, Y. and Tsukamoto, A.},
title={Time-domain analysis of magnetization reversal process with microwave assist},
journal={ISAP 2014 - 2014 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Conference Proceedings},
year={2015},
pages={301-302},
doi={10.1109/ISANP.2014.7026650},
art_number={7026650},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2014 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2014 ; Conference Date: 2 December 2014 Through 5 December 2014;  Conference Code:110484},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924049884&doi=10.1109%2fISANP.2014.7026650&partnerID=40&md5=7bb0eda8155eda85a5fbe1924a31e2de},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan},
abstract={For higher density magnetic recording, MAMR (Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording) with bit patterned media has attracted attention. In this paper, we investigate magnetization reversal processes in bit patterned recording media without/with microwave assist by using multiphysics simulation. © 2014 Institute of Antenna Engineers of Taiwan.},
author_keywords={Electromagnetics;  MAMR;  Micromagnetics;  Multiphysics Simulation},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Time domain analysis, Bit-patterned media;  Electromagnetics;  Magnetization reversal process;  MAMR;  Micromagnetics;  Microwave assisted magnetic recordings;  Multiphysics simulations;  Recording media, Magnetization reversal},
references={Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 125-131; Nakagawa, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., Itoh, A., Tsukamoto, A., Confined circularly polarized light-generated by nano-size aperture for high density all-optical magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), p. 07B735; Ohnuki, S., Takano, Y., Kuma, A., Ashizawa, Y., Tsukamoto, A., Nakagawa, K., (2013) Multiphysics Simulation for Next-Generation Magnetic Recording Methods, , IEICE Technical Report, October; Kuma, A., Takano, Y., Ohnuki, S., Tsukamoto, A., Simulation of microwave assisted magnetic recording using the multiphysics model-influence of neighboring particle media (2014) IEICE Genereal Conference, C-15-18},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9789869147408},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ISAP - Int. Symp. Antennas Propag., Conf. Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Elyasi2015,
author={Elyasi, M. and Bhatia, C.S. and Yang, H.},
title={Magnetization reversal using excitation of collective modes in nanodot matrices},
journal={Scientific Reports},
year={2015},
volume={5},
doi={10.1038/srep07908},
art_number={7908},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937936580&doi=10.1038%2fsrep07908&partnerID=40&md5=f103fb7876a0508e275e26de13baa498},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore},
abstract={The large arrays of magnetic dots are the building blocks of magnonic crystals and the emerging bit patterned media for future recording technology. In order to fully utilize the functionalities of high density magnetic nanodots, a method for the selective reversal of a single nanodot in a matrix of dots is desired. We have proposed a method for magnetization reversal of a single nanodot with microwave excitation in a matrix of magneto-statically interacting dots. The method is based on the excitation of collective modes and the spatial anomaly in the microwave power absorption. We perform numerical simulations to demonstrate the possibility of switching a single dot from any initial state of a 3 by 3 matrix of dots, and develop a theoretical model for the phenomena. We discuss the applicability of the proposed method for introducing defect modes in magnonic crystals as well as for future magnetic recording.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Kruglyak, V.V., Barman, A., Hicken, R.J., Childress, J.R., Katine, J.A., Picosecond magnetization dynamics in nanomagnets: Crossover to nonuniform precession (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 220409; Lenk, B., Ulrichs, H., Garbs, F., Münzenberg, M., The building blocks of magnonics (2011) Phys. Rep., 507, p. 107; Guslienko, K.Y., Magnetostatic interdot coupling in two-dimensional magnetic dot arrays (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 394; Kakazei, G.N., Spin-wave spectra of perpendicularly magnetized circular submicron dot arrays (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 443; Yu, G.A., Ivanov, B.A., Zaspel, C.E., Collective modes for an array of magnetic dots in the vortex state (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 144419; Vogel, A., Martens, M., Weigand, M., Meier, G., Signal transfer in a chain of stray-field coupled ferromagnetic squares (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 042506; Verba, R., Melkov, G., Tiberkevich, V., Slavin, A.N., Collective spin-wave excitations in a two-dimensional array of coupled magnetic nanodots (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014427; Verba, R., Tiberkevich, V., Guslienko, K.Y., Melkov, G., Slavin, A.N., Theory of ground-state switching in an array of magnetic nanodots by application of a short external magnetic field pulse (2013) Phys. Rev. B, 87, p. 134419; Saha, S., Tunable magnonic spectra in two-dimensional magnonic crystals with variable lattice symmetry (2013) Adv. Func. Mater., 23, p. 2378; Ding, J., Kostylev, M., Adeyeye, A.O., Magnonic crystal as a medium with tunable disorder on a periodical lattice (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, p. 047205; Di, K., Band structure of magnonic crystals with defects: Brillouin spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulations (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 90, p. 060405; Kovalev, A.S., Prilepsky, J.E., Mechanism of vortex switching in magnetic nanodots under a circular magnetic field. I. Resonance action of the field on the nanodot eigenmodes (2002) Low Temp. Phys., 28, p. 921; Shibata, J., Otani, Y., Magnetic vortex dynamics in a two-dimensional square lattice of ferromagnetic nanodisks (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 012404; Pigeau, B., A frequency-controlled magnetic vortex memory (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 132506; Jain, S., From chaos to selective ordering of vortex cores in interacting mesomagnets (2012) Nat. Commun., 3, p. 1330; Adolff, C.F., Self-organized state formation in magnonic vortex crystals (2013) Phys. Rev. B, 88, p. 224425; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., Switching of magnetization by nonlinear resonance studied in single nanoparticles (2003) Nat. Mater., 2, p. 524; Woltersdorf, G., Back, C.H., Microwave assisted switching of single domain Ni80Fe20 elements (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, p. 227207; Nembach, H.T., Microwave assisted switching in a Ni81Fe19 ellipsoid (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 062503; Podbielski, J., Heitmann, D., Grundler, D., Microwave-assisted switching of microscopic rings: Correlation between nonlinear spin dynamics and critical microwave fields (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, p. 207202; Lu, L., Observation of microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in perpendicular recording media (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, p. 042413; Kammerer, M., Fast spin-wave-mediated magnetic vortex core reversal (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 86, p. 134426; Seki, T., Utsumiya, K., Nozaki, Y., Imamura, H., Takanashi, K., Spin waveassisted reduction in switching field of highly coercive iron-platinum magnets (2013) Nat. Commun., 4, p. 1726; Rao, S., Mukherjee, S.S., Elyasi, M., Bhatia, C.S., Yang, H., Electrical detection of microwave assisted magnetization reversal by spin pumping (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104, p. 122406; Bertotti, G., Serpico, C., Mayergoyz, I.D., Nonlinear magnetization dynamics under circularly polarized field (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 724; Scholz, W., Batra, S., Micromagnetic modeling of ferromagnetic resonance assisted switching (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 07F539; Okamoto, S., Furuta, M., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Shimatsu, T., Theory and experiment of microwave-assisted magnetization switching in perpendicular magnetic nanodots (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn., 50, p. 3200906; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Magnetization switching behavior with microwave assistance (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102506; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Frequency modulation effect on microwave assisted magnetization switching (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 142501; Yanes, R., Modeling of microwave-assisted switching in micron-sized magnetic ellipsoids (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 79, p. 224427; Houssameddine, D., Spin-torque oscillator using a perpendicular polarizer and a planar free layer (2007) Nature Mater., 6, p. 447; Pribiag, V.S., Magnetic vortex oscillator driven by d.C. Spin-polarized current (2007) Nature Phys., 3, p. 498; Deac, A.M., Bias-driven high-power microwave emission from MgO-based tunnel magnetoresistance devices (2008) Nature Phys., 4, p. 803; Demidov, V.E., Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current (2012) Nature Mater., 11, p. 1028; Liu, L., Pai, C.-F., Ralph, D.C., Buhrman, R.A., Magnetic oscillations driven by the spin Hall effect in 3-terminal magnetic tunnel junction devices (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, p. 186602; Igarashi, M., Watanabe, K., Hirayama, Y., Shiroishi, Y., Feasibility of bit patterned magnetic recording with microwave assistance over 5 Tbitps (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 3284; Thiele, J.-U., Folks, L., Toney, M.F., Weller, D.K., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain structure in sputtered epitaxial FePt (001) L10 films (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 5686; Beleggiaa, M., Tandonb, S., Zhua, Y., Graef, M.D., On the magnetostatic interactions between nanoparticles of arbitrary shape (2004) J. Magn.Magn.Mater., 278, p. 270; Bertotti, G., Mayergoyz, I., Serpico, C., (2009) Nonlinear Magnetization Dynamics in Nanosystems, , Elsevier; Tanaka, T., Otsuka, Y., Furomoto, Y., Matsuyama, K., Nozaki, Y., Selective magnetization switching with microwave assistance for three-dimensional magnetic recording (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113, p. 143908; Zhang, S., Three dimensional magnetic abacus memory (2014) Sci. Rep., 4, p. 6109},
correspondence_address1={Yang, H.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore; email: eleyang@nus.edu.sg},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group},
issn={20452322},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Bird2015,
author={Bird, S.M. and Rawlings, A.E. and Bramble, J.P. and Staniland, S.S. and Galloway, J.M.},
title={The biomineralisation protein Mms6, and the development of a new approach to data storage},
journal={Proceedings of the World Congress on New Technologies},
year={2015},
art_number={409},
note={cited By 0; Conference of World Congress on New Technologies, NewTech 2015 ; Conference Date: 15 July 2015 Through 17 July 2015;  Conference Code:253659},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100778226&partnerID=40&md5=7ee6c077cc7b50c5ecd7ff92efdc0d65},
affiliation={University of Sheffield, Department of Chemistry Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Department of Physics & Astronomy, E. C. Stoner Building, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom},
abstract={Finding new synthesis methods with the ability to control the size and shape of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is important for a growing number of technologies. Patterning uniform MNPs onto surfaces could form a new route to bit-patterned media, potentially extending the storage capacities of magnetic hard disks to lead to a new generation of ultra-high density data storage devices. In this work we look at the how the biomineralisation protein Mms6, which was first identified by Arakaki et al. (2003) from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, can be used to form MNP arrays of magnetite onto surfaces. Magnetotactic bacteria form highly uniform MNPs of magnetite inside specialised lipid organelles termed magnetosomes, and the Mms6 protein itself has a hydrophobic Nterminus that integrates into the magnetosome membrane to expose a magnetite interacting acidic Cterminal region thought to be located in the magnetosome interior. We have shown previously that Mms6 can control the formation of consistent MNPs of magnetite in microscale arrays when patterned onto functionalised gold surfaces via the soft-lithographic technique of micro-contact printing (Galloway et al., 2012a, b). Recently we published a simplified variation of this approach to pattern a version of Mms6 engineered to contain an N-terminal cysteine, binding directly to gold and biotemplating MNP arrays of magnetite and magnetically harder cobalt-doped magnetite (Bird et al., 2015). This was found to have no adverse effect on the functionality of the protein, and improved the formation of highly ordered and consistent microscale arrays of magnetite nanoparticles when the protein patterned substrates were added to an aqueous mineralisation reaction. Here we look at different ways cysteine-tagged Mms6 could be used to form MNP arrays of magnetite on gold surfaces. This process can easily be adapted with the use of alternative biomolecules to biotemplate different materials on surfaces, and we have shown previously that this approach can be used to form microscale patterns of CoPt (Galloway et al., 2013). These biomolecules are no longer limited to those which are found in nature, and techniques such as biopanning can be used to design made alternatives. We have also reduced pattern sizes from the nanoscale to the microscale with the use of interferometric lithography, truly bringing a bioinspired and green approach to data storage closer to reality. © 2015, Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved.},
references={Arakaki, A., Webb, J., Matsunaga, T., A Novel Protein Tightly Bound To Bacterial Magnetic Particles In Magnetospirillum Magneticum Strain AMB-1 (2003) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278 (10), pp. 8745-8750; Bird, S. M., Galloway, J. M., Rawlings, A. E., Bramble, J. P., Staniland, S. S., Taking A Hard Line With Biotemplating: Cobalt-Doped Magnetite Magnetic Nanoparticle Arrays (2015) Nanoscale, 7, pp. 7340-7351; Galloway, J. M., Bird, S. M., Bramble, J. P., Critchley, K., Staniland, S. S., Biotemplating Magnetic Nanoparticles on Patterned Surfaces for Potential Use in Data Storage (2013) MRS Proceedings, 1569, pp. 231-237; Galloway, J. M., Bramble, J. P., Rawlings, A. E., Burnell, G., Evans, S. D., Staniland, S. S., Biotemplated Magnetic Nanoparticle Arrays (2012) Small, 8 (2), pp. 204-208; Galloway, J. M., Bramble, J. P., Rawlings, A. E., Burnell, G., Evans, S. D., Staniland, S. S., Nanomagnetic Arrays Formed with the Biomineralization Protein Mms6 (2012) Journal of Nano Research, 17, pp. 127-146; Piramanayagam, S., Chong, T. C., (2011) Developments In Data Storage: Materials Perspective, , John Wiley & Sons},
publisher={Avestia Publishing},
issn={23698128},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. World Congr. New Technol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ohnuki201529,
author={Ohnuki, S. and Kato, T. and Takano, Y. and Ashizawa, Y. and Nakagawa, K.},
title={Design and numerical verification of plasmonic cross antennas to generate localized circularly polarized light for all-optical magnetic recording},
journal={Radio Science},
year={2015},
volume={50},
number={1},
pages={29-40},
doi={10.1002/2014RS005563},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027924693&doi=10.1002%2f2014RS005563&partnerID=40&md5=1bbc8fa3d149c392cf9b40bbfaba1858},
affiliation={College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={All-optical magnetic recording with localized circularly polarized light is studied for realizing ultrafast and high-density magnetic recording. We design plasmonic cross antennas with bit-patterned media and evaluate the Stokes parameters. Using our proposed method, the magnetic recording speed is about 100,000 times faster than that for conventional methods and the recording density becomes over 2Tbit/inch2. ©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},
author_keywords={all-optical magnetic recording;  high-density magnetic recording;  localized circularly polarized light;  plasmonic antennas;  ultrafast magnetic recording},
keywords={Antennas;  Circular polarization;  Light polarization;  Magnetism;  Plasmons, All optical;  Bit-patterned media;  Circularly polarized light;  Conventional methods;  High-density magnetic recording;  Numerical verification;  Recording density;  Ultra-fast, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 26420321},
references={Argyropoulos, C., Kallos, E., Hao, Y., Study of an optical nanolens with the parallel finite difference time domain technique (2011) Radio Sci., 46. , RS0E06, doi: 10.1029/2010RS004613; Biagioni, P., Huang, J.S., Duò, L., Finazzi, M., Hecht, B., Cross resonant optical antenna (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 102. , 256801, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.256801; Geng, J., Ziolkowski, R.W., Jin, R., Liang, X., Detailed performance characteristics of vertically polarized, cylindrical, active coated nanoparticle antennas (2012) Radio Sci., 47. , RS2013, doi: 10.1029/2011RS004898; Nakagawa, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., Itoh, A., Tsukamoto, A., Confined circularly polarized light generated by nano-size aperture for high-density all-optical magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109. , 07B735, doi: 10.1063/1.3556924; Ohnuki, S., Kato, T., Takano, Y., Ashizawa, Y., Nakagawa, K., Characteristics of localized circularly polarized light for all-optical magnetic recording - Field distribution inside particulate media by changing antenna position (2013) Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, 21PM2B-04, , 269-271, IEEE, Hiroshima, Japan; Rakic, A.D., Djurišic, A.B., Elazar, J.M., Majewski, M.L., Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 5271-5283; Stanciu, C.D., Hansteen, F., Kimel, A.V., Kirilyuk, A., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Rasing, T., All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99. , 047601, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.047601; Štumpf, M., Vandenbosch, G.A.E., Impulsive electromagnetic response of thin plasmonic metal sheets (2014) Radio Sci., 49, pp. 689-697; Yamaguchi, T., Hinata, T., Optical near-field analysis of spherical metals: Application of the FDTD method combined with the ADE method (2007) Opt. Express, 15, p. 11},
correspondence_address1={Ohnuki, S.; College of Science and Technology, Japan; email: ohnuki.shinichiro@nihon-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
issn={00486604},
coden={RASCA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Radio Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Owen2015309,
author={Owen, A.G. and Su, H. and Montgomery, A. and Douglas, R. and Gupta, S.},
title={A statistical optimization of Co/Pd multilayers patterned via block copolymer lithography},
journal={TMS Annual Meeting},
year={2015},
pages={309-316},
doi={10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_38},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021447431&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-319-48127-2_38&partnerID=40&md5=0326a0d3b474221d06a19b91a94a02c7},
affiliation={Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States},
abstract={A statistical Design of Experiments was carried out on the nanopatterning of Co/Pd multilayers using block copolymer templating and ion milling. The multilayers were patterned into well-defined 30 nm nanopillars. The effect of varying ion mill beam power and etch angle on the coercivity of the resulting nanopillars was studied by response surface methodology. The results indicated that an etch angle of between 50° and 60° was optimal for yielding coercivity greater than 3.5 kOe, starting with a full-film coercivity of 1.5 kOe. A further study of coercivity versus etching time was conducted, resulting in a maximum coercivity of 6.6 kOe. Vacuum annealing of the ion-milled nanopillars were found to yield a significant increase in coercivity, indicating reversal of ion irradiation damage.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Block copolymer;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Design of experiments},
keywords={Coercive force;  Design of experiments;  Etching;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Multilayers;  Nanopillars, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Block copolymer templating;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Ion irradiation damages;  Response surface methodology;  Statistical design of experiments;  Statistical optimization, Block copolymers},
funding_details={ECCS 0901858},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Van Der Veer-Donk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-pattered media at densites of 1 tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96; Li, X., Tadisina, Z.R., Ju, G., Gupta, S., Preparation and properties of perpendicular CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays patterned by nanosphere lithography (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A, 27, p. 1062; Koda, T., Awano, H., Hieda, H., Naito, K., Kikitsu, A., Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., Study of high magnetic anisotropy co/Pd multilayers for patterned media (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hiu, H.K., Leong, S., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 tb/in2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, D.D., Fullerton, E.E., Coercivity tuning in co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95. , 232505; Smith, D., Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Zhang, S., Donner, W., Lee, T.R., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy in patterned co/Pd multilayer thin films (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103; Hu, G., Tettner, C.T., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Raoux, S., McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Terris, B.D., Magnetic and recording properties of co/Pd islands on prepatterned substrates (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7013; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weiler, D., Russell, T.P., A novel to addressable 4 teradot/in2 patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater, 21, p. 2516; Su, H., Natarajarathinam, A., Gupta, S., Nanorods of co/Pd multilayers fabricated by glancing angle deposition for advanced media (2013) J. Appl. Phys., 113; Natarajarathinam, A., Zhu, R., Visscher, P.B., Gupta, S., Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions based on thin CoFeB free layer and co-based multilayer synthetic antiferromagnet pinned layers (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Ross, C.A., Pattern registration between spherical block-copolymer domains and topographical templates (2006) Adv. Mater, 18, p. 597; Su, H., Schwarm, S.C., Douglas, R.L., Montgomery, A., Owen, A.G., Gupta, S., (111) orientation preferred LIO FePtB patterned by block copolymer templating (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 116; Sun, Z., Li, D., Natarajarathinam, A., Su, H., Gupta, S., Large area patterning of single magnetic domains with assistance of ion irradiation in ion milling (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 530; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., Tailoring magnetism by light-ion irradiation (2004) J. Phys. D: Apply. Phys., 37, p. R179; Neureuther, A.R., Liu, C.Y., Ting, C.H., Modeling ion milling (1979) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 16, p. 1767; Yamane, H., Maeno, Y., Kobayashi, M., Annealing effects on multilayered co/Pt and co/Pd sputtering films (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., 62, p. 1562; Egelhoff, W.F., McMichael, R.D., Mallett, J.J., Shapiro, A.J., Powell, C.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of a co/Pd multilayer thin film (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97; Rantschler, C.E.J., Zhang, S., Khizroev, St., Lee, T.R., Litvinov, D., Low temperature vacuum annealing study of (Co/Pd)n magnetic multilayers (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103},
publisher={Minerals, Metals and Materials Society},
coden={85MVA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={TMS Annu Meet},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Bagherieh2015,
author={Bagherieh, O. and Shahsavari, B. and Horowitz, R.},
title={Online identification of system uncertainties using coprime factorizations with application to hard disk drives},
journal={ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2015},
year={2015},
volume={2},
doi={10.1115/DSCC2015-9873},
note={cited By 4; Conference of ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2015 ; Conference Date: 28 October 2015 Through 30 October 2015;  Conference Code:118470},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973293623&doi=10.1115%2fDSCC2015-9873&partnerID=40&md5=067100691395b2dca3af5bbee4d45893},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={In hard disk drive (HDD) magnetic recording bit patterned media (BPM), data are written in predetermined paths. The deviation of these paths from the perfect circle is categorized as repeatable run-out (RRO) which needs to be tracked. An adaptive RRO following algorithm was developed in [1,2] in order to track the RRO. This algorithm uses models of the closed-loop sensitivity transfer functions, from the feedforward injection points to position error signal (PES), to estimate the feedforward control actions that are needed to track the RRO. The phase difference between these models and the actual transfer functions must be less than 90 degrees, in order to guarantee the convergence of the adaptive RRO following algorithm. The dual-stage actuators' gains and resonance modes are affected by temperature variations, which in turn affect all closed loop sensitivity transfer functions. As a consequence, the 90-degree criteria may be violated unless these transfer functions are periodically updated. In this paper, the coprime factorizations method has been used to factorize and identify the uncertain part of the model instead of identifying the entire transfer function of the model. Experimental results conducted on a hard disk drive equipped with dual-stage actuation, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed estimation algorithm. © Copyright 2015 by ASME.},
keywords={Actuator disks;  Algorithms;  Digital storage;  Energy harvesting;  Factorization;  Feedforward control;  Fuel storage;  Human robot interaction;  Intelligent robots;  Intelligent systems;  Robots;  Sensitivity analysis;  Transfer functions;  Wind power, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Coprime factorizations;  Dual-stage actuation;  Dual-stage actuators;  Estimation algorithm;  On-line identification;  Position error signals;  Temperature variation, Hard disk storage},
references={Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Adaptive repetitive control using a modified filteredx lms algorithm (2014) ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, V001T13A006-V001T13A006; Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Zhang, F., Horowitz, R., Repeatable runout following in bit patterned media recording (2014) ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, V001T03A001-V001T03A001; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Erden, M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in and beyond (2006) Magnetics, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , IEEE Transactions on; White, R.L., Newt, R., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) Magnetics, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , IEEE Transactions on; Al Mamun, A., Guo, G., Bi, C., (2006) Hard Disk Drive: Mechatronics and Control, 23. , CRC press; Bagherieh, O., Shahsavari, B., Keikha, E., Horowitz, R., Observer design for non-uniform sampled systems using gain-scheduling (2014) ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, V001T03A004- V001T03A004; Chew, K.K., Tomizuka, M., Digital control of repetitive errors in disk drive systems (1989) American Control Conference, pp. 540-548. , 1989, IEEE; Rupp, M., Sayed, A.H., Two variants of the fxlms algorithm (1995) Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, pp. 123-126. , 1995. IEEE ASSP Workshop on, IEEE; Lopes, P.A., Piedade, M.S., The behavior of the modified fx-lms algorithm with secondary path modeling errors (2004) Signal Processing Letters, 11 (2), pp. 148-151. , IEEE; Akhtar, M.T., Abe, M., Kawamata, M., A new variable step size lms algorithm-based method for improved online secondary path modeling in active noise control systems (2006) Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 14 (2), pp. 720-726. , IEEE Transactions on; Doyle, J., Lecture notes for ONR Honeywell Workshop on Advances in Multivariable Control; Tay, T., Moore, J., Horowitz, R., Indirect adaptive techniques for fixed controller performance enhancement (1989) International Journal of Control, 50 (5), pp. 1941-1959},
sponsors={Dynamic Systems and Control Division},
publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
isbn={9780791857250},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Dyn. Syst. Control Conf., DSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Bajalan20152046,
author={Bajalan, D.},
title={Patterned nano magneticstructures},
journal={Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium},
year={2015},
volume={2015-January},
pages={2046-2050},
note={cited By 0;  Conference Code:113716},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947204060&partnerID=40&md5=c10df78574bae16a6ae37af1b25941d9},
affiliation={St. Pölten, Austria},
abstract={Most magnetic devices marketed nowadays still use bulk or thin film materials, this is soon to change with the advent of nano-fabrication technologies [1]. Proper scaling requires that the magnetic particle size decreases with the scaling factor at the same rate as all of the other dimensions. This is necessary in order to keep the number of particles in a bit cell constant (at a few hundred per cell) [2]. Magnetic nano-structures represents future miniaturization in magnetic recording devices, and detailed understanding of the formation of magnetic vortices in closely spaced ferromagnetic nanoparticles is important for the design of ultra-high-density magnetic devices. It is necessary to achieve ultra-high density in magnetic storage media so that the lateral size of the information bits be as small as possible, without the bit volume reaching the superparamagnetic limit beyond which the energy needed to switch the magnetization of a bit becomes less than the thermal energy, and nano-fabrication offers the technical ability to fabricate magnetic objects with nano scale precision having unique magnetic properties, which may be tailored by manipulating the size, the shape, or the composition of the nanostructures [3]. The magnetic nano-structures of have been formed by different rates of heavy ion irradiation of thin films. The fluence affects both anisotropy and spontaneous magnetization.},
keywords={Heavy ions;  Ion bombardment;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Nanostructures;  Nanotechnology;  Particle size;  Thin films, Ferromagnetic nanoparticles;  Magnetic particle;  Magnetic storage media;  Magnetic vortices;  Spontaneous magnetization;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Thin film material;  Ultrahigh density, Nanomagnetics},
references={Henry, Y., Ounadjela, K., Piraux, L., Dubois, S., George, J.-M., Duvail, J.-L., (2001) The European Physical Journal B, 20, p. 35; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., (2000) IBM J. Res. Develop., 3, p. 321; Bajalan, D., Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wien, 2005; McHenry, M.E., Willard, M.A., Laughlin, D.E., (1999) Progress in Materials Science, 44, p. 291; Bajalan, D., Hauser, H., Fulmek, P.L., (2003) 4th Int. Symposium on HMM, 8, p. 78. , University of Salamanca; Bajalan, D., Groiss, I., Stangl, G., Hauser, H., Fulmek, P.L., Haumer, P., Co/Pt multi-layer production for magnetic nanostructures (2003) Sensors and Packaging, OVE Schriftenreihe Nr., 35, p. 193; Jamet, M., Wernsdorfer, W., Thirion, C., Mailly, D., Dupuis, V., Mélinon, P., Pérez, A., Magnetic anisotropy of a single cobalt nanocluster (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 4676; Yamada, Y., Suzuki, T., Kanazawa, H., Osterman, J.C., The origin of the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co3Pt alloy (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5094; Lapicki, A., Kang, K., Suzuki, T., Fabrication of magnetic dot arrays by ion beam induced chemical vapor deposition (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 589; Papusoi, C., Suzuki, T., Anisotropy field distribution measurements for high-density recording media (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 240, p. 568; Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N., Wilkinson, C.D.W., Lorentz microscopy of small magnetic structures (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5237; Kisker, H., Abarra, N., Yamada, Y., Glijer, P., Suzuki, T., Micromagnetic behavior and recording performance in high density 5Gbit/in2 medium (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 3937; Phillips, G.N., Suzuki, T., Takano, K., Takahashi, M., MFM analysis of recorded bits written by trimmed and untrimmed MR heads (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 193, p. 434; Suzuki, T., Francombe, I.M.H., Magneto-optic recording thin films (2000) Handbook of Thin Film Devices, Magnetic Thin Film Devices, 4, p. 257. , Academic Press; Noziéres, J.P., Ghidini, M., Dempsey, N.M., Gervais, B., Givord, D., Suran, G., Coey, J.M.D., (1998) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, 146, p. 250; Bajalan, D., Hauser, H., Fulmek, P.L., Calculations of magnetic nanostructure hysteresis loops for modified thin by ion irradiation (2004) PIERS Proceedings, pp. 465-468. , Pisa, Italy, Mar. 28-31; Bajalan, D., Hauser, H., Fulmek, P.L., Magnetic nanostructure in thin film multi-layer (2004) PIERS Proceedings, pp. 667-670. , Pisa, Italy, Mar. 28-31; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Jamet, J.P., Sub-50 nm planar magnetic nanostructures fabricated by ion irradiation (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 74, p. 3383; Solzi, M., Ghidini, M., Asti, G., Macroscopic magnetic properties of nanostructured and nanocomposite systems (2002) Magnetic Nanostructures, 4, p. 123; Givord, D., Noziéres, J.P., Ghidini, M., Gervais, B., Otani, Y., Magnetization processes in amorphous nanoparticles obtained by heavy ions irradiation of nonmagnetic Y-co films (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 148, p. 253; Yamamoto, T., Kasamatsu, Y., Hyodo, H., Advanced stiction-free slider and DLC overcoat (2001) FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., 37, p. 201; Boboc, A., Rahman, I.Z., Rahman, M.A., (2003) Modelling of Nanostructured Magnetic Network Media, , Paper, Surface Science Institute (MSSI) and Department of Physics, University of Limerick, Ireland; Jung, K.B., Cho, H., Feng, T., Park, Y.D., Pearton, S.J., Caballero, J.A., Childress, J.R., Ren, F., (2004) Plasma Etching of NiFeCo, NiMnSb and CoFeB-based Multilayers, , Paper, Materials Science and Engineering Departments, University of Florida, Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, IBM Almaden Research Center, Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Jan; Walsh, M.E., (2000) Nanostructuring Magnetic Thin Films Using Interference Lithography, , M.Sc. Thesis, MIT; Chen, C.G., Konkola, P.T., Heilmann, R.K., Pati, G.S., Schattenburg, M.L., Image metrology and system controls for scanning beam interference lithography (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2335},
correspondence_address1={Bajalan, D.Austria},
sponsors={Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Department of Theoretical and Experimental Electrical Engineering; Brno University of Technology, SIX - Research Centre of Sensor, Information and Communication System; Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (FBME), Department of Biomedical Technique; Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEE), Department of EM Field; EMBS Chapter of the IEEE Czechoslovakia Section; et al.},
publisher={Electromagnetics Academy},
issn={15599450},
isbn={9781934142301},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Prog. Electromagn. Res. Symp.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tipcharoen2015,
author={Tipcharoen, W. and Kaewrawang, A. and Siritaratiwat, A.},
title={Design and micromagnetic simulation of Fe/ L 10-FePt/Fe trilayer for exchange coupled composite bit patterned media at ultrahigh areal density},
journal={Advances in Materials Science and Engineering},
year={2015},
volume={2015},
doi={10.1155/2015/504628},
art_number={504628},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924107495&doi=10.1155%2f2015%2f504628&partnerID=40&md5=78ca3a7fdea5880bc25d7b42d81bcc45},
affiliation={Magnetic Materials and Data Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; KKU-Seagate Cooperation and EMC/EMI Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Thailand},
abstract={Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (ECC-BPM) are one candidate to solve the trilemma issues, overcome superparamagnetic limitations, and obtain ultrahigh areal density. In this work, the ECC continuous media and ECC-BPM of Fe/L10-FePt/Fe trilayer schemes are proposed and investigated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The switching field, Hsw, of the hard phase in the proposed continuous ECC trilayer media structure is reduced below the maximum write head field at interlayer exchange coupling between hard and soft phases, Aex, higher than 20 pJ/m and its value is lower than that for continuous L10-FePt single layer media and L10-FePt/Fe bilayer. Furthermore, the Hsw of the proposed ECC-BPM is lower than the maximum write head field with exchange coupling coefficient between neighboring dots of 5 pJ/m and Aex over 10 pJ/m. Therefore, the proposed ECC-BPM trilayer has the highest potential and is suitable for ultrahigh areal density magnetic recording technology at ultrahigh areal density. The results of this work may be gainful idea for nanopatterning in magnetic media nanotechnology. © 2015 Warunee Tipcharoen et al.},
keywords={Exchange coupling;  Nanomagnetics, Bit-patterned media;  Continuous media;  Coupling coefficient;  Exchange coupled;  Interlayer exchange coupling;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Superparamagnetics, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={TRG5780125},
references={Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Exchange-coupled perpendicular media (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321 (6), pp. 545-554; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording-advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287, pp. 449-458; Richter, H.J., Thetransition fromlongitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40 (9), pp. R149-R177; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96 (16), pp. 1810-1835; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131; Zou, Y.Y., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Tiltedmedia in a perpendicular recording system for high areal density recording (2003) Applied Physics Letters, 82 (15), pp. 2473-2475; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Applied Physics Letters, 95 (26); Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patternedmedia (2010) Applied Physics Letters, 97 (8); McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., L1 0 FePt based exchange coupled composite bit patterned films (2011) Applied Physics Letters, 98 (24); Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Fabrication of FePt type exchange coupled composite bit patterned media by block copolymer lithography (2011) Journal of Applied Physics, 109 (7); Hwang, M., Farhoud, M., Hao, Y., Major hysteresis loop modeling of two-dimensional arrays of single domain particles (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (5), pp. 3173-3175; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (2002) The Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) Program Release 1.2 α5, , http://math.nist.gov/oommf; Wang, Y., (2011) Physics Andmicromagnetic Analysis of Advanced Recording Technologies, , [Ph.D. Dissertation], Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa, USA; Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, R., Wang, Z., Xu, X., Design and micromagnetic simulation of the L10-FePt/Fe multilayer graded film (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (7); Nam, N.H., Van, N.T.T., Phu, N.D., Hong, T.T., Hai, N.H., Luong, N.H., Magnetic properties of FePt nanoparticles prepared by sonoelectrode position (2012) Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012, 4p; Tipcharoen, W., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Tonmitra, K., Investigation on magnetic properties of L10-FePt/Fe graded media multilayer (2013) Advanced Materials Research, 802, pp. 189-193; Tsai, J.-L., Chen, P.-R., Chen, Y.-H., Luo, Q.-S., Magnetic properties and microstructure of FeOx/Fe/FePt and FeOx/FePt films (2013) Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 8p; Wang, F., Xu, X.-H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Perpendicular L1 0- FePt/Fe and L1 0-FePt/Ru/Fe graded media obtained by postannealing (2011) Materials Chemistry and Physics, 126 (3), pp. 843-846; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers (1998) Physical Review B-Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 58 (18), pp. 12193-12200; Wang, Y., Wang, R., Xie, H.-L., Bai, J.-M., Wei, F.-L., Micromagnetic simulation with threemodels of FeCo/L10 FePt exchange-coupled particles for bit-patterned media (2013) Chinese Physics B, 22 (6); Zeng, H., Li, J., Liu, J.P., Wang, Z.L., Sun, S., Exchangecoupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle selfassembly (2002) Nature, 420 (6914), pp. 395-398; Shan, Z.S., Liu, J.P., Chakka, V.M., Zeng, H., Jiang, J.S., Energy barrier and magnetic properties of exchange-coupled hard-soft bilayer (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 2907-2909; Kapoor, M., Shen, X., Victora, R.H., Effect of intragranular exchange on exchange-coupled composite media (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 99 (1)},
correspondence_address1={Kaewrawang, A.; Magnetic Materials and Data Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khon Kaen UniversityThailand},
publisher={Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
issn={16878434},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kaneko2014531,
author={Kaneko, H.},
title={Symbol-level synchronization using probability lookup-table for IDS error correction},
journal={Proceedings of 2014 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2014},
year={2014},
pages={531-535},
art_number={6979900},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2014 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2014 ; Conference Date: 26 October 2014 Through 29 October 2014;  Conference Code:109700},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920528061&partnerID=40&md5=37b469322e23e4dff57d2aaaf3ecca72},
affiliation={Dept. Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan},
abstract={Insertion/Deletion/Substitution (IDS) error correction will become important for future high-density storage devices, e.g., bit-patterned media. For IDS error correction, concatenated codings of an outer LDPC code and an inner marker code have been proposed. To improve the synchronization capability, marker decoder can employ symbol-level synchronization (SLS) with a large symbol size, while the computational time complexity of the SLS increases exponentially with the symbol size. This paper proposes an SLS using a probability lookup table to reduce the complexity. Probabilities in the table are precomputed for given channel and code parameters, and computationally intensive calculations of the SLS are replaced by table lookups. The proposed method is applicable to both single-path and multipath decodings. The bit error rate (BER) is evaluated for SLS of symbols sizes bS = 1, 2, 4, and 8 bits, and it is confirmed that larger symbol size gives lower BER. © 2014 IEICE.},
keywords={Concatenated codes;  Decoding;  Error correction;  Forward error correction;  Probability;  Synchronization;  Table lookup;  Virtual storage, Bit-patterned media;  Code parameters;  Computational time complexity;  LDPC codes;  Marker codes;  Single path;  Synchronization capability;  Using probabilities, Bit error rate},
references={Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals (1966) Soviet Physics-Doklady, 10, pp. 707-710; Davey, M.C., Mackay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and ldpc code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Communications, 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Wang, F., Aktas, D., Duman, T.M., On capacity and coding for segmented deletion channels (2011) Proc. 49th Annual Allerton Conf, pp. 1408-1413. , Sept; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Inoue, M., Kaneko, H., Adaptive marker coding for insertion/ deletion/substitution error correction (2014) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E97-A (2). , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Kaneko, H.; Dept. Computer Science, Japan},
sponsors={Research Society of Information Theory and Its Applications, Engineering Sciences Society, IEICE},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9784885522925},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Its Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Naseri201430,
author={Naseri, S. and Yazdani, S. and Razeghi, B. and Hodtani, G.A.},
title={A generalized write channel model for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Proceedings of 2014 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2014},
year={2014},
pages={30-34},
art_number={6979797},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2014 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2014 ; Conference Date: 26 October 2014 Through 29 October 2014;  Conference Code:109700},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920510659&partnerID=40&md5=7bc19a007c437966018b5d76d75534ae},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Communication and Computer Research Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran},
abstract={In this paper, we propose a generalized write channel model for bit-patterned media recording by considering all sources of errors causing some extra disturbances during write process, in addition to data dependent write synchronization errors. We investigate information-theoretic bounds for this new model according to various input distributions and also compare it numerically to the last proposed model. © 2014 IEICE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  Channel model;  Data dependent;  Information theoretic bounds;  Input distributions;  Synchronization error, Information theory},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Read channel modeling for detection in two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3679-3682. , Oct; Chan, K.S., Radhakrishnan, R., Eason, K., Elidrissi, R.M., Miles, J., Vasic, B., Krishnan, A.R., Channel models and detectors for two dimensional magnetic recording (tdmr) (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (3), pp. 804-811. , Mar; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsystems Technologies, 13, pp. 189-196. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb=in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chan, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. on Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded bsc-bawgn channel (2009) Proc, 47th Annual Allerton Conf. on Communications, Control and Computing, pp. 620-627. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 tb=in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans On. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2006) Elements of Information Theory, , New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Ed},
sponsors={Research Society of Information Theory and Its Applications, Engineering Sciences Society, IEICE},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9784885522925},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Its Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Meilikhov20142408,
author={Meilikhov, E.Z. and Farzetdinova, R.M.},
title={Maximum magnetic recording density and switching field distribution},
journal={Physics of the Solid State},
year={2014},
volume={56},
number={12},
pages={2408-2417},
doi={10.1134/S1063783414120233},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84914145544&doi=10.1134%2fS1063783414120233&partnerID=40&md5=c59211f345822e24e5bd08372f773ce4},
affiliation={National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation},
abstract={An analytical calculation of the parameters of magnetic recording on a square lattice of magnetic granules of the patterned medium has been carried out. The maximum density of the longitudinal and perpendicular recording, which is limited by the thermal instability of the magnetic state and by the magnetic dipole interaction of magnetic granules (bits), has been calculated. The switching field distribution function with the parameters determined by the magnetic dipole interaction of granules and their geometry has been determined for perpendicular recording on rod-shaped granules. © 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.},
funding_details={Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ, 12 02 00550 a},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported by the Russian Founda tion for Basic Research (project no. 12 02 00550 a).},
references={Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Kluwer, New York; Neel, L., (1949) Ann. Geophys. (C.N.R.S.), 5, p. 99; Eibagi, N., Kan, J.J., Spada, F.E., Fullerton, E.E., (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3 (4), p. 500204; Meilikhov, E.Z., Farzetdinova, R.M., (2004) J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 98 (6), p. 1198; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8327; Costa, M.D., Pogorelov, Y.G., (2001) Phys. Status Solidi A, 189, p. 923; Wang, T., Wang, Y., Fu, Y., Hasegawa, T., Washiya, T., Saito, H., Ishio, S., Masuda, H., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 192504; Meilikhov, E.Z., Farzetdinova, R.M., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 268 (1-2), p. 237; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thompson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516},
correspondence_address1={Meilikhov, E.Z.; National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Russian Federation},
publisher={Izdatel'stvo Nauka},
issn={10637834},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Solid State},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima2014,
author={Oshima, D. and Tanimoto, M. and Kato, T. and Fujiwara, Y. and Nakamura, T. and Kotani, Y. and Tsunashima, S. and Iwata, S.},
title={Modifications of structure and magnetic properties of L10 MnAl and MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={12},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2332975},
art_number={6844052},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919465993&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2332975&partnerID=40&md5=1ce0a929004ac5a77dc3db935e148340},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Physics Engineering, Mie University, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan; Department of Research, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-0819, Japan; EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={L10 phase MnGa and MnAl films with (001) orientation were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Both films were confirmed to exhibit high perpendicular magnetic anisotropies of 7-8× 106 erg/cc and magnetizations of ∼ 450 emu/cc. For the MnGa film, a very flat surface with an average roughness of 0.2 nm was obtained, whereas for the MnAl film, the island growth was confirmed. The X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra of these films revealed a significant difference in spectral shape between the perpendicular and inplane magnetized cases. The multiplet peaks appeared in the spectra taken by applying the field normal to the film plane, while such peaks were not clearly seen in the inplane magnetized spectra, possibly owing to the large magnetic anisotropy observed in MnGa and MnAl films. On the other hand, we confirmed a small &lt;Lz&gt;/2&lt;Sz&gt;(≤ 0.04) and no systematic change of &lt;Lz&gt;/2&lt;Sz&gt; between the perpendicular and inplane magnetized cases. Finally, 30 keV Kr+ ion irradiation into the films was carried out to modify the magnetic properties of MnGa and MnAl films. In both films, the ion irradiation with a quite low dose of 1× 1014 ions/cm2 was confirmed to change the magnetism from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic because of the phase change from L10 ordered phase to disordered phase. With the significant variation of the magnetism by a low dose of ion irradiation, MnGa and MnAl are considered to be candidates for planar bit-patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  ion irradiation;  magnetic circular dichroism;  MnAl;  MnGa},
keywords={Dichroism;  Film growth;  Gallium alloys;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Radiation;  Spectroscopy, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Magnetic circular dichroisms;  MnAl;  MnGa;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Systematic changes;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra, Magnetism},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25420305, 25630146, 26289102},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Chappert, C., Planar pattened magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , Jun; Terris, B.D., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferre, J., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vols., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructure and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co/Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by e-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (5), pp. 0539081-0539084. , Sep; Kato, T., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7), pp. 07C1171-07C1173. , Apr; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Observation of ferrinonmagnetic boundary in CrPt3 line-and-space patterned media using a dark-field transmission electron microscope (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (8), pp. 1617-1621; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large Kerr rotation in ordered CrPt3 films (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86 (6), pp. 3149-3151; Kono, H., On the ferromagnetic phase in manganese-aluminum system (1958) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 13 (12), pp. 1444-1451; Park, J.H., Saturation magnetization and crystalline anisotropy calculations for MnAl permanent magnet (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (9), p. 09A731; Krishnan, K.M., Ferromagnetic δ-Mn1?xGax thin films with perpendicular anisotropy (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61 (19), pp. 2365-2367; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic anisotropy of MBE grown MnPt3 and CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vols., 272-276, pp. 778-779. , May; Hosoda, M., Fabrication of L10-MnAl perpendicularly magnetized thin films for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (7), p. 07A324; Mizukami, S., Kubota, T., Wu, F., Zhang, X., Miyazaki, T., Composition dependence of magnetic properties in perpendicularly magnetized epitaxial thin films of Mn-Ga alloys (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85 (1), p. 014416. , Jan; Bither, T.A., Cloud, W.H., Magnetic tetragonal δ phase in the Mn-Ga binary (1965) J. Appl. Phys., 36 (4), pp. 1501-1502; Koch, A.J.J., Hokkeling, P., Steeg, M.G.V.D., De Vos, K.J., New material for permanent magnets on a base of Mn and Al (1960) J. Appl. Phys., 31 (5), pp. S75-S77. , May; Cui, Y., Yin, W., Chen, W., Lu, J., Wolf, S.A., Epitaxial τ phase MnAl thin films on MgO (001) with thickness-dependent magnetic anisotropy (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110 (10), p. 103909; Thole, B.T., Carra, P., Sette, F., Laan Der G.Van, X-ray circular dichroism as a probe of orbital magnetization (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 68 (12), pp. 1943-1946. , Mar; Carra, P., Thole, B.T., Altarelli, M., Wang, X., X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70 (5), pp. 694-697. , Feb; Teramura, Y., Tanaka, A., Jo, T., Effect of coulomb interaction on the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spin sum rule in 3d transition elements (1996) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 65 (4), pp. 1053-1055; Bruno, P., Tight-binding approach to the orbital magnetic moment and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of transition-metal monolayers (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39 (1), pp. 865-868. , Jan; Kota, Y., Sakuma, A., Relationship between magnetocrystalline anisotropy and orbital magnetic moment in L10-type ordered and disordered alloys (2012) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 81 (8), p. 084705; Hinoue, T., Ono, T., Inaba, H., Iwane, T., Yakushiji, H., Chayahara, A., Fabrication of discrete track media by Cr ion implantation (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1584-1586. , Jun; Sato, K., Magnetization suppression in Co/Pd and CoCrPt by nitrogen ion implantation for bit patterned media fabrication (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (12), p. 123910; Carr, W.J., Jr., Temperature dependence of ferromagnetic anisotropy (1958) Phys. Rev., 109 (6), pp. 1971-1976. , Mar; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., Chemical-order-dependent magnetic anisotropy and exchange stiffness constant of FePt (001) epitaxial films (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66 (2), p. 024413. , Jul; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of magnetic properties of MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation for application to bit patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3608-3611. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Oshima, D.; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya UniversityJapan},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao201411854,
author={Xiao, S. and Yang, X. and Steiner, P. and Hsu, Y. and Lee, K. and Wago, K. and Kuo, D.},
title={Servo-integrated patterned media by hybrid directed self-assembly},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2014},
volume={8},
number={11},
pages={11854-11859},
doi={10.1021/nn505630t},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912562276&doi=10.1021%2fnn505630t&partnerID=40&md5=8f4a9f6bbf81f93c123e57f352e87c81},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={A hybrid directed self-assembly approach is developed to fabricate unprecedented servo-integrated bit-patterned media templates, by combining sphere-forming block copolymers with 5 teradot/in.2 resolution capability, nanoimprint and optical lithography with overlay control. Nanoimprint generates prepatterns with different dimensions in the data field and servo field, respectively, and optical lithography controls the selective self-assembly process in either field. Two distinct directed self-assembly techniques, low-topography graphoepitaxy and high-topography graphoepitaxy, are elegantly integrated to create bit-patterned templates with flexible embedded servo information. Spinstand magnetic test at 1 teradot/in.2 shows a low bit error rate of 10-2.43, indicating fully functioning bit-patterned media and great potential of this approach for fabricating future ultra-high-density magnetic storage media. (Figure Presented). © 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer;  Directed self-assembly;  Overlay;  Servo integration;  Spinstand},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Digital storage;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photolithography;  Self assembly;  Testing;  Topography, Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Overlay;  Patterned medias;  Resolution capability;  Self assembly process;  Spin stand;  Ultrahigh density, Bit error rate},
references={Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X., Hsia, Y.-T., Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording by a Near-Field Transducer with Efficient Optical Energy Transfer (2006) Nat. Photonics, 3, pp. 220-224; Ross, C.A., Patterned Magnetic Recording Media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal Effect Limits in Ultrahigh-Density Magnetic Recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 4423-4439; Herr, D.J.C., Directed Block Copolymer Self-Assembly for Nanoelectronics Fabrication (2011) J. Mater. Res., 26, pp. 122-139; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., Polymer Self Assembly in Semiconductor Microelectronics (2007) IBM J. Res. Dev., 51, pp. 605-633; Walavalkar, S.S., Hofmann, C.E., Homyk, A.P., Henry, M.D., Atwater, H.A., Scherer, A., Tunable Visible and Near-IR Emission from Sub-10 nm Etched Single-Crystal Si Nanopillars (2010) Nano Lett., 10, pp. 4423-4428; Wells, S.M., Merkulov, I.A., Kravchenko, I.I., Lavrik, N.V., Sepaniak, M.J., Silicon Nanopillars for Field-Enhanced Surface Spectroscopy (2013) ACS Nano, 6, pp. 2948-2959; Cheng, L., Cao, D., Designing a Thermo-Switchable Channel for Nanofluidic Controllable Transportation (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 1102-1108; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers on Lithographically Defined Nanopatterned Substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense Self-Assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns: Rectifying and Multiplying Lithographic Patterns using Block Copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Ruiz, R., Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density Multiplication and Improved Lithography by Directed Block Copolymer Assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., Graphoepitaxy of Spherical Domain Block Copolymer Films (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, pp. 1152-1155; Sundrani, D., Darling, S.B., Sibener, S.J., Guiding Polymers to Perfection: Macroscopic Alignment of Nanoscale Domains (2004) Nano Lett., 4, pp. 273-276; Cheng, J.Y., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., Nanostructure Engineering by Template Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, pp. 823-828; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of Self-Assembled Block Copolymers on Two-Dimensional Periodic Patterned Templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A Novel Approach to Addressable 4 Teradot/in2 Patterned Media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Macroscopic 10-Terrabit-per-Square-Inch Arrays from Block Copolymers with Lateral Order (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1030-1033; Hong, S.W., Gu, X., Huh, J., Xiao, S., Russell, T.P., Circular Nanopatterns over Large Areas from The Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers Guided by Shallow Trenches (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 2855-2860; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Hwu, J.J., Lee, K.Y., Kuo, D., A Facile Route to Regular and Nonregular Dot Arrays by Integrating Nanoimprint Lithography with Sphere-Forming Block Copolymer Directed Self-Assembly (2014) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys., 52, pp. 361-367; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., Nanoimprint Mold for 2.5 Tbit/in.2 Directed Self-Assembly Bit Patterned Media with Phase Servo Pattern (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Dobisz, E.A., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of Templates with Rectangular Bits on Circular Tracks by Combining Block Copolymer Directed Self-Assembly and Nanoimprint Lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 11, p. 031405; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Kuo, D., Russell, T.P., Aligned Nanowires and Nanodots by Directed Block Copolymer Assembly (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, pp. 305302-305309; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Hwu, J.J., Wago, K., Kuo, D., Directed Self-Assembly for High-Density Bit-Patterned Media Fabrication Using Spherical Block Copolymers (2013) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 12, p. 031110; Ashar, K.G., (1997) Magnetic Disk Drive Technology, , IEEE Press: Piscataway, NJ; Gu, W., Xu, J., Kim, J.-K., Hong, S.W., Wei, X., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Russell, T.P., Solvent-Assisted Directed Self-Assembly of Spherical Microdomain Block Copolymers to High Areal Density Arrays (2013) Adv. Mater., 25, pp. 3677-3682; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.-W., Bit Patterned Media at 1 Tdot/in2 and Beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778},
correspondence_address1={Xiao, S.; Media Research Center, 47010 Kato Road, United States},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={19360851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liao2014,
author={Liao, J.-W. and Atxitia, U. and Evans, R.F.L. and Chantrell, R.W. and Lai, C.-H.},
title={Atomistic modeling of magnetization reversal modes in L10 FePt nanodots with magnetically soft edges},
journal={Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},
year={2014},
volume={90},
number={17},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevB.90.174415},
art_number={174415},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911393877&doi=10.1103%2fPhysRevB.90.174415&partnerID=40&md5=205092228c44f43088b558343a078af5},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Del Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, ES-20018, Spain},
abstract={Nanopatterned FePt nanodots often exhibit low coercivity and a broad switching field distribution, which could arise due to edge damage during the patterning process causing a reduction in the L10 ordering required for a high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Using an atomistic spin model, we study the magnetization reversal behavior of L10 FePt nanodots with soft magnetic edges. We show that reversal is initiated by nucleation for the whole range of edge widths studied. For narrow soft edges the individual nucleation events dominate reversal; for wider edges, multiple nucleation at the edge creates a circular domain wall at the interface which precedes complete reversal. Our simulations compare well with available analytical theories. The increased edge width further reduces and saturates the required nucleation field. The nucleation field and the activation volume manipulate the thermally induced switching field distribution. By control of the properties of dot edges using proper patterning methods, it should be possible to realize exchange spring bit-patterned media without additional soft layers. © 2014 American Physical Society.},
funding_details={101-2917-I-007-016},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Rottmayer, R., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; McDaniel, T.W., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, p. R315. , JCOMEL 0953-8984; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919. , SCIEAS 0036-8075; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Fidler, J., Dymerska, B., Suess, D., Albrecht, M., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062505. , APPLAB 0003-6951; McCallum, A.T., Kercher, D., Lille, J., Weller, D., Hellwig, O., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, p. 092402. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Tudosa, I., Lubarda, M.V., Chan, K.T., Escobar, M.A., Lomakin, V., Fullerton, E.E., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, p. 102401. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Yan, Z., Takahashi, S., Hasegawa, T., Ishio, S., Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Xue, D., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 3737. , JMMMDC 0304-8853; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 693. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989. , SCIEAS 0036-8075; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , PRLTAO 0031-9007; Engelen, J.B.C., Delalande, M., Le Fre, A.J., Bolhuis, T., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 035703. , NNOTER 0957-4484; Breth, L., Suess, D., Vogler, C., Bergmair, B., Fuger, M., Heer, R., Brueckl, H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 023903. , JAPIAU 0021-8979; Hovorka, O., Pressesky, J., Ju, G., Berger, A., Chantrell, R.W., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, p. 182405. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Lau, J.W., Liu, X., Boling, R.C., Shaw, J.M., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 214427. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Vokoun, D., Beleggia, M., Graef, M.D., Hou, H.C., Lai, C.H., (2010) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 43, p. 275001. , JPAPBE 0022-3727; Adam, J.-P., Rohart, S., Jamet, J.-P., Ferré, J., Mougin, A., Weil, R., Bernas, H., Faini, G., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 214417. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Garcia-Sanchez, F., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Mryasov, O., Chantrell, R.W., Guslienko, K.Y., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 122501. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Barker, J., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 192504. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Goto, E., Hayashi, N., Miyashita, T., Nakagawa, K., (1965) J. Appl. Phys., 36, p. 2951. , JAPIAU 0021-8979; Guslienko, K.Y., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Mryasov, O., Chantrell, R., Weller, D., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 104405. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545. , JMMMDC 0304-8853; Kronmüller, H., Goll, D., (2002) Physica B, 319, p. 122. , PHYBE3 0921-4526; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 062512. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Evans, R.F.L., Fan, W.J., Chureemart, P., Ostler, T.A., Ellis, M.O.A., Chantrell, R.W., (2014) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 26, p. 103202. , JCOMEL 0953-8984; (2013) Computer Code Vampire 3.02, , http://vampire.york.ac.uk, Computational Magnetism Group, University of York, UK; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 024413. , PRBMDO 0163-1829; Boerner, E.D., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Mryasov, O., Chantrell, R.W., Heinonen, O., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 936. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Brown, W.F., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 1677. , PHRVAO 0031-899X; Nowak, U., (2001) Annual Reviews of Computational Physics IX, p. 105. , World Scientific, Singapore; Callen, H., Callen, E., (1966) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27, p. 1271. , JPCSAW 0022-3697; Mryasov, O.N., Nowak, U., Guslienko, K.Y., Chantrell, R.W., (2005) Europhys. Lett., 69, p. 805. , EULEEJ 0295-5075; Asselin, P., Evans, R.F.L., Barker, J., Chantrell, R.W., Yanes, R., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Hinzke, D., Nowak, U., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 054415. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Heider, F., Williams, W., (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, p. 184. , GPRLAJ 0094-8276; Atxitia, U., Hinzke, D., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Kachkachi, H., Mryasov, O.N., Evans, R.F., Chantrell, R.W., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 134440. , PRBMDO 1098-0121; Gaunt, P., (1986) J. Appl. Phys., 59, p. 4129. , JAPIAU 0021-8979; Richards, H.L., Kolesik, M., Lindgård, P.-A., Rikvold, P.A., Novotny, M.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 11521. , PRBMDO 0163-1829; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08Q905. , JAPIAU 0021-8979; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 142504. , APPLAB 0003-6951; Langevin, P., (1905) Annnales de Chemie et de Physique, 5, p. 70},
correspondence_address1={Liao, J.-W.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua UniversityTaiwan},
publisher={American Physical Society},
issn={10980121},
coden={PRBMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yu2014,
author={Yu, G. and Chen, J.},
title={Skew effect-induced track erasure of shingled magnetic recording system},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2327660},
art_number={2327660},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916211539&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2327660&partnerID=40&md5=b84958e914be6c3bd3cafaec0d05955d},
affiliation={Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China},
abstract={One of the feasible methods to achieve ultrahigh areal density of magnetic storage system is shingled recording with bit patterned media technology. The adjacent track erasure (ATE) may take place under the impact of the skew footprint, which is associated with the initial slider state, the skewed pole, and the writing corner angle. A sequence of shingled trapezoidal shaped writing heads is modeled to explore the skew effect versus the writing performance. The results show that larger corner angle and narrow skew range are recommended to enhance the writing field and avoid the ATE. The analysis also suggests that hot-spot disk data in the region where the skew angle ranges from -20° to 0° has the lowest possibility to be potentially disrupted. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Corner angle;  shingled magnetic recording;  skew effect;  track erasure},
keywords={Digital storage;  Magnetic storage, Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Corner angle;  Magnetic storage systems;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Shingled recordings;  Skew effect;  track erasure, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={51001051, 60773189, 61272068},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled recording for 2-3 Tbit/in2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3823-3831. , Oct; Farrow, R.F.C., Weller, D., Marks, R.F., Toney, M.F., Cebollada, A., Harp, G.R., Control of the axis of chemical ordering and magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial FePt films (1996) J. Appl. Phys, 79 (8), p. 5967; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 97 (8), pp. 0825011-0825013. , Aug; Zhihao, L., Adjacent track encroachment analysis at high track density (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93 (10), pp. 6456-6458. , May; Plumer, M.L., Bozeman, S., Van Ek, J., Michel, R.P., Micromagnetic recording model of writer geometry effects at skew (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99 (8), p. 08K501; Torabi, A.F., Bai, D., Luo, P., Wang, J., Novid, M., Micromagnetic modeling of track squeeze and erasure versus skew angle (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2288-2290. , Oct; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov; Wang, L., Bai, D.Z., Wang, J., Finite element modeling of writer head design for shingled recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (11), pp. 3551-3554. , Nov; Kanai, Y., Jinbo, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Greaves, S.J., Yoshida, K., Muraoka, H., Finite-element and micromagnetic modeling of write heads for shingled recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (3), pp. 715-721. , Mar; Takano, K., Micromagnetic-FEM models of a perpendicular writer and reader (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (2), pp. 696-701. , Feb; Yuan, Z.-M., Zhou, T., Goh, C.K., Ong, C.L., Cheong, C.M., Wang, L., Perspectives of magnetic recording system at 10 Tb/in2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (11), pp. 5038-5043. , Nov; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in2 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Chen, J.; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kovintavewat2014,
author={Kovintavewat, P. and Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C.},
title={A rate-8/9 2-D modulation code for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2316203},
art_number={6971485},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84915748387&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2316203&partnerID=40&md5=79119093992880d5a335f39cfe208abf},
affiliation={Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand; College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={The 2-D interference consisting of intersymbol and intertrack interferences is a major impairment in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), especially at high-areal density (AD). One solution to mitigate the effect of 2-D interference is to apply a 2-D coding scheme on an input data sequence before recording so as to avoid some data patterns that easily cause an error at the data detection process. Nonetheless, this method usually requires many redundant bits, thus lowering a code rate. This paper proposes a rate-8/9 modulation code for a multitrack multihead BPMR system to eliminate the data patterns that lead to severe 2-D interference. Simulation results indicate that the system with the proposed code is superior to that without coding, especially when the AD is high and/or the position jitter is large. Specifically, for the system without position jitter at bit-error rate of 10-5, the proposed system can provide 1.8 dB gain over the system without coding at the AD of 2.5 Tb/in2. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D interference;  bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  modulation code;  position jitter},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Jitter;  Magnetic recording;  Modulation, 2-d interferences;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Data detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Position jitter, Bit error rate},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrack Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Kurihara, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 3140-3143. , Aug; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two dimentional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , Jun; Kim, J., Wee, J.K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (8), p. 08KB04. , Aug; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A simple recorded-bit patterning scheme for bit-patterned media recording (2013) Proc. ECTI-CON, pp. 1-5. , May; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recordedbit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bitpatterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electron., E96-C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Deza, M.M., Deza, E., (2009) Encyclopedia of Distances, , Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag},
correspondence_address1={Kovintavewat, P.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat UniversityThailand},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda2014,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K.},
title={High-areal density recording simulation of three-layered ECC bit-patterned media with a shielded planar head},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={11},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2326924},
art_number={6971474},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84915747352&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2326924&partnerID=40&md5=7af0513f9baf8f3c907e841bf6fb7a17},
affiliation={Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center, Akita, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Magnetic parameters of the previously proposed three-layer exchange coupled composite (ECC) dot were modified to compensate the additional perpendicular anisotropy from the shape and the stacking of the layers. The modification in the magnetic parameters resulted in a minimum swiTChing field and applied field angle dependence of the field. Recording simulation using a multistepped shielded planar head field on the bit-patterned media with modified three-layer ECC dots suggested possibility of a high-areal density recording above 4 T dot/in 2with no energy assist scheme. It was also concluded that magnetic parameter compensation for additional shape and stacking anisotropy is indispensable for ECC dots. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Anisotropy compensation;  applied field angle dependence;  multilayered exchange coupled composite;  recording simulation;  switching field},
keywords={Applied field;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Magnetic parameters;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  recording simulation;  Shielded planar head;  Switching field, Anisotropy},
references={Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Oct; Bertero, G., Advanced double exchange-break PMR media structures (2010) Dig. TMRC, pp. 1-5; Honda, N., Analysis of magnetic switching of 2 to 4 layered exchange coupled composite structures (2013) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 37, pp. 126-131. , Oct; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Simulation study of switching field and its applied field angle dependence of three-layer exchange coupled composite dots (2014) J. Jpn. Soc., Powder Powder Metallurgy, 61 (S1), pp. S346-S349; Yamakawa, K., Ohsawa, Y., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Pole design optimization of shielded planar writer for 2 Tbit/in2 recording (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7), pp. 07B7281-07B7283. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Tohoku Institute of TechnologyJapan},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2014,
author={Yang, X. and Xiao, S. and Hu, W. and Hwu, J. and Van De Veerdonk, R. and Wago, K. and Lee, K. and Kuo, D.},
title={Integration of nanoimprint lithography with block copolymer directed self-assembly for fabrication of a sub-20 nm template for bit-patterned media},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2014},
volume={25},
number={39},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/25/39/395301},
art_number={395301},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927161300&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f25%2f39%2f395301&partnerID=40&md5=256b0c5c2d5b7b2f6e3f5c9f4cb26aa5},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA  94538, United States},
abstract={We propose a novel strategy to integrate the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technique with directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) for providing a robust, high-yield, and low-defect-density path to sub-20 nm dense patterning. Through this new NIL-DSA method, UV nanoimprint resist is used as the DSA copolymer pre-pattern to expedite the DSA process. This method was successfully used to fabricate a 1.0 Td in-2 servo-integrated nanoimprint template for bit-patterned media (BPM) application. The fabricated template was used for UV-cure NIL on a 2.5-inch disk. The imprint resist patterns were further transferred into the underlying CoCrPt magnetic layer through a carbon hard mask using ion beam etching. The successful integration of the NIL technique with the DSA process provides us with a new route to BPM nanofabrication, which includes the following three major advantages: (1) a simpler and faster way to implement DSA for high-density BPM patterning; (2) a novel method for fabricating a high-quality dot pattern template through an iterative imprint-DSA-template procedure; and (3) an uncomplicated integration scheme for implementing non-periodic servo features with BCP patterns, thus accelerating the transition of moving the DSA technique from laboratory research to the BPM manufacturing environment. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  directed self-assembly;  template fabrication},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Copolymers;  Defect density;  Fabrication;  Industrial research;  Integration;  Ion beams;  Iterative methods;  Photoresists;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Integration scheme;  Low defect densities;  Manufacturing environments;  Novel strategies;  Template fabrication, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1442-1446; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Albrecht, T., De Pablo, J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Yang, X.-M., Wan, L., Xu, Y., Xiao, S., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit patterned media with areal density of 1 terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Xiao, S., Yang, X.-M., Park, S., Weller, D.K., Russell, T., A general approach to addressable 4 Td in-1. patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Yang, X.-M., Peters, R.D., Nealey, P.F., Solak, H.H., Cerrina, F., Guided self-assembly of symmetric diblock copolymer films on chemically nanopatterned substrates (2000) Macromolecules, 33, pp. 9575-9582; Liu, C.-C., Nealey, P.F., Raub, A.K., Hakeem, P.J., Brueck, S.R.J., Han, E., Gopalan, P., Integration of block copolymer directed assembly with 193 immersion lithography (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, pp. C6B30-C6B34; Sanders, D.P., Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Hinsberg, W.D., Kim, H.-C., Trung, H., Fritz, A., Colbur, M., Integration of directed self-assembly with 193 nm lithography (2010) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 23, pp. 11-18; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., pp. 222512-222514; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Yang, X.-M., Xu, Y., Lee, K.Y., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D.K., Advanced lithography for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Mag., 45, pp. 833-838; Li, H.-W., Huck, W.T.S., Ordered block copolymer assembly using nanoimprint lithography (2004) Nano Lett., 4, pp. 1633-1636; Park, S.-M., Liang, X., Harteneck, B.D., Pick, T.E., Hiroshiba, N., Wu, Y., Helms, B.A., Olynick, D., Sub-10 nm nanofabrication via nanoimprint directed self-assembly of block copolymers (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 8523-8531; Schmid, G.M., Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, pp. 573-580; Yang, X.-M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 Tdot/inch2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2604-2610; Wan, L., Yang, X.-M., Directed self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer: Prepatterning effect on pattern quality and density multiplication factor (2009) Langmuir, 25, pp. 12408-12413},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Han2014,
author={Han, G. and Guan, Y.L. and Cai, K. and Chan, K.S. and Kong, L.},
title={Coding and Detection for Channels with Written-In Errors and Inter-Symbol Interference},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={10},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2328313},
art_number={6825879},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930638557&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2328313&partnerID=40&md5=affb6adc419d81c462a6e4b403ed6f54},
affiliation={School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Written-in errors (WIEs), which include written-in substitutions, insertions, and deletions, as well as 2-D inter-symbol interference (2-D-ISI), form one of the major challenges for the new emerging bit-patterned media recording technology. Coding and detection scheme with performance/complexity tradeoffs is expected to address such a challenge. In this paper, a new channel model with WIEs and ISI (WIE-ISI) is presented, and the embedded marker code scheme (EMCS) with Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) detector is employed to perform channel detection. By investigating the effect of ISI on the WIE-ISI channel considering BCJR detector, a virtual written-in substitution probability is introduced and a new synchronization algorithm with written-in substitution detection (SA-WSD) is developed. The EMCS employing the proposed SA-WSD demonstrates better error correction performance than that of the original SA. Furthermore, the SA-WSD is found to be robust to small estimation errors in the written-in substitution probability. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Decoding;  Detectors;  Electromagnetic compatibility;  Interference;  Parity check codes;  Synchronization;  Writing},
keywords={Channel coding;  Codes (symbols);  Decoding;  Detectors;  Electromagnetic compatibility;  Error correction;  Errors;  Intersymbol interference;  Synchronization;  Technical writing;  Wave interference, Bahl-cocke-jelinek-raviv;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Channel detection;  Correction performance;  Estimation errors;  Parity check codes;  Synchronization algorithm;  Written-in errors, Coding errors},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, SERC0921560129},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 61172076},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61172076; and in part by the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, under Grant SERC0921560129.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) Proc IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, Miami, FL, USA, pp. 1910-1914. , Dec; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-Track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Asymmetric iterative multitrack detection for 2D non-binary LDPC coded magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (10), pp. 5215-5221. , Oct; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Kong, L., Embedded marker code for channels corrupted by insertions, deletions, and AWGN (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (6), pp. 2535-2538. , Jun; Wang, F., Duman, T.M., Detection/decoding over channels with synchronization errors and inter-symbol interference (2012) Proc IEEE ICC, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3826-3830. , Jun; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Cruz, J.R., Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation (2014) IEEE Trans. Magn, 50 (1), pp. 1-11. , Jan; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (Corresp.) (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Gallager, R.G., (1961) Sequential Decoding for Binary Channels with Noise and Synchronization Errors, , Lincoln Lab., MIT, Lexington, MA, USA, Tech. Rep Oct; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun, 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Risso, A., Layered LDPC decoding over GF(q) for magnetic recording channel (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3683-3688. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Han, G.; School of Information Engineering, China; email: gjhan@gdut.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pfau2014,
author={Pfau, B. and Günther, C.M. and Guehrs, E. and Hauet, T. and Hennen, T. and Eisebitt, S. and Hellwig, O.},
title={Influence of stray fields on the switching-field distribution for bit-patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2014},
volume={105},
number={13},
doi={10.1063/1.4896982},
art_number={132407},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907806058&doi=10.1063%2f1.4896982&partnerID=40&md5=736dec0622a0ab11d856992337dcb11b},
affiliation={Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, 22100, Sweden; TU Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin, 10623, Germany; San Jose Research Center, HGST, A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA  95135, United States; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin, 12489, Germany; Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54506, France},
abstract={Using a direct imaging method, we experimentally investigate the reversal of magnetic islands in a bit-patterned media sample based on a pre-patterned substrate. Due to systematic variation of the island distances in the media, we are able to study the influence of the dipolar interaction on the switching-field distribution of the island ensemble. The experimental findings are explained by an analytical magnetostatic model that allows us to quantify the different components of the demagnetizing field in the system and to distinguish intrinsic and dipolar broadening of the switching-field distribution. Besides the well-known dipolar broadening due to stray fields from neighboring islands, we find strong influence from the magnetized trench material on the island switching. © 2014 Author(s).},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Stray field},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , edited by J. P. Liu, E. E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer (Springer Science + Business Media, New York); Hellwig, O., Heydermann, L.J., Petracic, O., Zabel, H., (2013) Magnetic Nanostructures, pp. 189-234. , edited by H. Zabel and M. Farle (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg); Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062502; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506; Hauet, T., Piraux, L., Srivastava, S.K., Antohe, V.A., Lacour, D., Hehn, M., Montaigne, F., Araujo, F.A., (2014) Phys. Rev. B, 89, p. 174421; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2160; Thiyagarajah, N., Duan, H., Song, D.L.Y., Asbahi, M., Leong, S.H., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, p. 152403; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 07B758; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501; Eisebitt, S., Lüning, J., Schlotter, W.F., Lörgen, M., Hellwig, O., Eberhardt, W., Stöhr, J.G., (2004) Nature, 432, p. 885; Hellwig, O., Eisebitt, S., Eberhardt, W., Lüning, J., Schlotter, W.F., Stöhr, J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08H307; Schlotter, W.F., Lüning, J., Rick, R., Chen, K., Scherz, A., Eisebitt, S., Günther, C.M., Stöhr, J., (2007) Opt. Lett., 32, p. 3110; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Schaffert, S., Mitzner, R., Siemer, B., Roling, S., Zacharias, H., Eisebitt, S., (2010) New J. Phys., 12, p. 095006; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., (2012), U.S. patent 8,130,468 B2 (6 March); Joseph, R.I., Schlömann, E., (1965) J. Appl. Phys., 36, p. 1579; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3531; Fullerton, E.E., Hellwig, O., (2010), U.S. patent 7,670,696 B2 (2 March); Fullerton, E.E., Hellwig, O., Lille, J.S., Olson, J.T., Van Der Heijden, P.A., Yang, H.H., (2010), U.S. patent 7,732,071 B2 (8 June); Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.-W., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 773; Hellwig, O., Marinero, E.E., Kercher, D., Hennen, T., McCallum, A., Dobisz, E., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T.R., (2014) J. Appl. Phys., 116, p. 123913},
correspondence_address1={Pfau, B.; Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Sweden},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2014,
author={Hellwig, O. and Marinero, E.E. and Kercher, D. and Hennen, T. and McCallum, A. and Dobisz, E. and Wu, T.-W. and Lille, J. and Hirano, T. and Ruiz, R. and Grobis, M.K. and Weller, D. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Bit patterned media optimization at 1 Tdot/in2 by post-annealing},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={116},
number={12},
doi={10.1063/1.4896667},
art_number={123913},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907752135&doi=10.1063%2f1.4896667&partnerID=40&md5=5cece1ce5567c48d0c4c49537614c55e},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, HGST - A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA  95135, United States},
abstract={We report on the fabrication of 1 Tdot/in2 bit patterned media with high coercivity (HC) and narrow intrinsic switching field distribution (iSFD) based on nanoimprint from a master pattern formed by e-beam guided block copolymer assembly onto a carbon hard mask and subsequent pattern transfer via etching into a thin CoCrPt perpendicular anisotropy recording layer. We demonstrate that an additional vacuum annealing step after pattern transfer into the CoCrPt layer and after Carbon hard mask removal not only yields recovery from undesired damage of the island edges, but actually transforms the islands into a magnetically more favorable compositional phase with higher HC, lower iSFD/HC, and three-fold increased thermal stability. Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the diffusion of Cr from the island cores to the periphery of the islands during post-annealing is responsible for the transformation of the magnetic bits into a more stable state. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Carbon;  Chromium alloys;  Chromium metallography;  Cobalt alloys;  Cobalt metallography;  Coercive force;  Etching;  High resolution transmission electron microscopy;  Platinum alloys;  Ternary alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Carbon hard masks;  Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy;  Intrinsic switching field distribution (iSFD);  Pattern transfers;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Recording layers;  Vacuum-annealing, Annealing},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. R199; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , in, edited by J. P. Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer (Springer, New York); Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.C., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Rodmacq, B., Casali, G., Lebib, A., Dieny, B., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1731; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Hellwig, O., Heyderman, L.J., Petracic, O., Zabel, H., Competing interactions in patterned and self-assembled magnetic nanostructures (2013) Magnetic Nanostructures: Spin Dynamics and Spin Transport, 246, pp. 189-234. , in, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics Vol., edited by H. Zabel and M. Farle (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg); Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509; Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 6; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501; Dobisz, E.A., Kercher, D., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Marinero, E.E., Weller, D., Albrecht, T.R., (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30 (6), p. 06FH01; Albrecht, T.R., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Lille, J., Wu, T.-W., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 773; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Marinero, E.E., McCallum, A.T., Weller, D.K., Method for Improving A Patterned Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Disk with Annealing, , U.S. patent application 2013/0270221 A1; Yamada, Y., Van Drent, W.P., Abarra, E.N., Suzuki, T., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 83, p. 6527; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Yang, H., Bandic, Z., Kercher, D., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Inaba, N., Futamoto, M., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 6863; Smits, J.W., Luitjens, S.B., Broeder, F.J.A.D., (1984) J. Appl. Phys., 55, p. 2260; Zheng, M., Acharya, B.R., Choe, G., Zhou, J.N., Yang, Z.D., Abarra, E.N., Johnson, K.E., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2498; Jung, H.S., Kwon, U., Kuo, M., Velu, E.M.T., Malhotra, S.S., Jiang, W., Bertero, G., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 615; Jung, H.S., Kuo, M., Malhotra, S.S., Bertero, G., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 07F515},
correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., United States},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Su2014,
author={Su, H. and Schwarm, S.C. and Douglas, R.L. and Montgomery, A. and Owen, A.G. and Gupta, S.},
title={(111) Orientation preferred L10 FePtB patterned by block copolymer templating},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={116},
number={11},
doi={10.1063/1.4895850},
art_number={113906},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015713943&doi=10.1063%2f1.4895850&partnerID=40&md5=16ceeb5aac3a1d3a4936d71347a07d30},
affiliation={University of Alabama Micro-Fabrication Facility (UA-MFF), Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States},
abstract={The (111) orientation preferred L10 FePtB has been obtained by post-deposition annealing sputtered FeB/Pt multilayers on thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Block copolymer templating was employed to pattern FeBPt film. A matrix study of etch time and etch angle showed that ion-milling at 75° for 3 min yielded the highest coercivity. Reannealing after patterning process was found to improve the crystalline structure and coercivity significantly. These results suggested (111) orientation preferred L10 FePt patterned by block copolymer templating may be promising for tilted media and bit patterned media. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Silicon oxides, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer templating;  Crystalline structure;  Ion milling;  Patterning process;  Post deposition annealing;  Thermally oxidized silicon;  Tilted media, Block copolymers},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 10; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, p. 2255; Singh, A., (2013) IEEE Trans Magn, 49, p. 3799; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38, p. R199; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D Appl Phys, 40, p. R149; Goll, D., Bublat, T., (2013) Phys Status Solidi A, 210, p. 1261; Laughlin, D.E., (2005) Scr Mater, 53, p. 383; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 95, p. 232505; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys Lett, 96, p. 052511; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett, 98, p. 242503; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301; Richter, H.J., Lyberatos, A., Nowak, U., Evans, R.F.L., Chantrell, R.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111, p. 033909; Griffiths, R.A., Williams, A., Oakland, C., Roberts, J., Vijayaraghavan, A., Thomson, T., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 46, p. 503001; Zou, Y.Y., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, p. 2473; Zheng, Y.F., Wang, J.P., Ng, V., (2002) J. Appl Phys, 91, p. 8007; Wang, J.P., (2005) Nature Mater, 4, p. 191; Klemmer, T.J., Pelhos, K., (2006) Appl. Phys Lett, 88, p. 162507; Kaushik, N., Sharma, P., Yubuta, K., Makino, A., Inoue, A., (2010) Appl. Phys Lett, 97, p. 072510; Zha, C.L., Persson, J., Bonetti, S., Fang, Y.Y., Akerman, J., (2009) Appl. Phys Lett, 94, p. 163108; Su, H., Schwarm, S.C., Martens, R.L., Gupta, S., (2014) J. Appl Phys, 115, p. 17B717; Ogata, Y., Imai, Y., Nakagawa, S., (2010) J. Appl Phys, 107, p. 09A715; Su, H., Natarajarathinam, A., Gupta, S., (2013) J. Appl Phys, 113, p. 203901; Sun, Z., Li, D., Natarajarathinam, A., Su, H., Gupta, S., (2012) J. Vac Sci Technol. B, 30, p. 031803; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater, 20, p. 3155; Li, X., Tadisina, Z.R., Ju, G., Gupta, S., (2009) J. Vac Sci Technol. A, 27, p. 1062; Tiberto, P., Barrera, G., Boarino, L., Celegato, F., Coisson, M., DeLeo, N., Albertini, F., Ranzieri, P., (2013) J. Appl Phys, 113, p. 17B516; Ishio, S., Takahashi, S., Hasegawa, T., Arakawa, A., Sasaki, H., Yan, Z., Liu, X., Mizumaki, M., (2014) J. Magn Magn Mater, 360, p. 205},
correspondence_address1={Gupta, S.; University of Alabama Micro-Fabrication Facility (UA-MFF)United States; email: sgupta@eng.ua.edu},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liakakos20143481,
author={Liakakos, N. and Blon, T. and Achkar, C. and Vilar, V. and Cormary, B. and Tan, R.P. and Benamara, O. and Chaboussant, G. and Ott, F. and Warot-Fonrose, B. and Snoeck, E. and Chaudret, B. and Soulantica, K. and Respaud, M.},
title={Solution epitaxial growth of cobalt nanowires on crystalline substrates for data storage densities beyond 1 Tbit/in2},
journal={Nano Letters},
year={2014},
volume={14},
number={6},
pages={3481-3486},
doi={10.1021/nl501018z},
note={cited By 54},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902274611&doi=10.1021%2fnl501018z&partnerID=40&md5=5adad9dc5a156fb01db513ed093b3c13},
affiliation={Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS-UMR5215, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France; Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales (CEMES-CNRS), 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR12 CEA-CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France},
abstract={The implementation of nano-objects in numerous emerging applications often demands their integration in macroscopic devices. Here we present the bottom-up epitaxial solution growth of high-density arrays of vertical 5 nm diameter single-crystalline metallic cobalt nanowires on wafer-scale crystalline metal surfaces. The nanowires form regular hexagonal arrays on unpatterned metallic films. These hybrid heterostructures present an important perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and pave the way to a high density magnetic recording device, with capacities above 10 Terabits/in2. This method bypasses the need of assembling and orientating free colloidal nanocrystals on surfaces. Its generalization to other materials opens new perspectives toward many applications. © 2014 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={Anisotropic nanoparticles;  bit patterned media;  cobalt nanowires;  epitaxial growth;  nanomagnet array;  self-organization},
keywords={Anisotropic media;  Cobalt;  Crystalline materials;  Epitaxial growth, Anisotropic nanoparticles;  Bit-patterned media;  Cobalt nanowires;  Nanomagnet arrays;  Self organizations, Nanowires},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 246479},
references={Gao, Y., Tang, Z., (2011) Small, 7, pp. 2133-2146; Gates, B.D., Xu, Q., Stewart, M., Ryan, D., Willson, C.G., Whitesides, G.M., (2005) Chem. Rev., 105, pp. 1171-1196; Nie, Z., Petukhova, A., Kumacheva, E., (2010) Nat. Nanotechnol., 5, pp. 15-25; Shevchenko, E.V., Talapin, D.V., Kotov, N.A., O'Brien, S., Murray, C.B., (2006) Nature, 439, pp. 55-59; Polleux, J., Rasp, M., Louban, I., Plath, N., Feldhoff, A., Spatz, J.P., (2011) ACS Nano, 8, pp. 6355-6364; Tao, A.R., Huang, J., Yang, P., (2008) Acc. Chem. Res., 41, pp. 1662-1673; Ryan, K.M., Mastroianni, A., Stancil, K.A., Liu, H., Alivisatos, A.P., (2006) Nano Lett., 6, pp. 1479-1482; Legrand, J., Petit, C., Pileni, M.P., (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, pp. 5643-5646; Jiang, Z., Lin, X.-M., Sprung, M., Narayanan, S., Wang, J., (2010) Nano Lett., 10, pp. 799-803; Narayanan, S., Wang, J., Lin, X.-M., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, pp. 1355031-1355034; Amatore, C., (2008) Chem.-Eur. J., 14, pp. 8615-8623; Matejich, S.A., Wen, T., Booth, R.A., (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 6081-6084; Dobson, J., (2008) Nat. Nanotechnol., 3, pp. 139-143; Cho, M.H., Lee, E.J., Son, M., Lee, J.-H., Yoo, D., Kim, J.-W., Park, S.W., Cheon, J., (2012) Nat. Mater., 11, pp. 1038-1043; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Alloyeau, D., Ricolleau, C., Mottet, C., Oikawa, T., Langlois, C., Le Bouar, Y., Braidy, N., Loiseau, A., (2009) Nat. Mater., 8, pp. 940-946; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Skumryev, V., Stoyanov, S., Zhang, Y., Hadjipanayis, G., Givord, D., Nogués, J., (2003) Nature, 423, pp. 850-853; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, pp. 0113011-01130122; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Dumestre, F., Chaudret, B., Renaud, P., Fejes, P., (2004) Science, 303, pp. 821-823; Dumestre, F., Chaudret, B., Amiensqq, C., Respaud, M., Renaud, P., Zurcher, P., (2003) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 42, pp. 5213-5216; Wetz, F., Soulantica, K., Respaud, M., Falqui, A., Chaudret, B., (2007) Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 27, pp. 1162-1166; Soulantica, K., Wetz, F., Maynadié, J., Falqui, A., Tan, R.P., Blon, T., Chaudret, B., Respaud, M., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, pp. 1522041-1522043; Poudyal, N., Liu, J.P., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, pp. 04300101-04300123; Whitney, T.M., Jiang, J.S., Searson, P.C., Chien, C.L., (1993) Science, 261, pp. 1316-1319; Wagner, R.S., Ellis, W.C., (1964) Appl. Phys. Lett., 4, pp. 89-90; Bigioni, T.P., Lin, X.-M., Nguyen, T.T., Whitten, T.A., Jaeger, H.M., (2006) Nat. Mater., 5, pp. 265-270; Baker, J.L., Widmer-Cooper, A., Toney, M.F., Geissler, P.L., Alivisatos, A.P., (2010) Nano Lett., 10, pp. 195-201; Baranov, D., Fiore, A., Van Huis, M., Giannini, C., Falqui, A., Lafont, U., Zandbergen, H., Manna, L., (2010) Nano Lett., 10, pp. 743-749; Maynadié, J., Soulantica, K., Falqui, A., Respaud, M., Snoeck, E., Chaudret, B., (2009) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 48 (10), pp. 1814-1817; Thiele, J., Belkhou, J.R., Bulou, H., Heckmann, O., Magnan, H., Le Fèvre, P., Chandesris, D., Guillot, C., (1997) Surf. Sci., 384, pp. 120-128; Grütter, P., Dürig, U.T., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, pp. 2021-2029; Cushing, B.L., Kolesnichenko, V.L., O'Connor, C.J., (2004) Chem. Rev., 104, pp. 3893-3946; Liakakos, N., Cormary, B., Li, X., Lecante, P., Respaud, M., Maron, L., Falqui, A., Soulantica, K., (2012) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, pp. 17922-17931; Meiklejohn, W.H., Bean, C.P., (1957) Phys. Rev., 105, pp. 904-913; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, pp. 599-642; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. 149-R177; Miles, J.J., McKirdy, D.M., Chantrell, R.W., Wood, R., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 1876-1890; Zeng, H., Skomski, R., Menon, L., Liu, Y., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sellmyer, D.J., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, pp. 1344261-1344261; Darques, M., Encinas, A., Vila, L., Piraux, P., (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37, pp. 1411-1416; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kästle, G.A., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K., Russell, T.P., (2000) Science, 290, pp. 2126-2129; Ursache, A., Goldbach, J.T., Russell, T.P., Tuominen, M.T., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J3221-10J3223; Richter, J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 0339091-0339099; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Wu, T.-W., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778; Habas, S.E., Lee, H., Radmilovic, V., Somorjai, G.A., Yang, P., (2007) Nat. Mater., 6, pp. 692-697; Vayssieres, L., (2007) Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process., 89, pp. 1-8; Lee, E.P., Peng, Z., Chen, W., Chen, S., Yang, H., Xia, Y., (2008) ACS Nano, 2, pp. 2167-2173},
correspondence_address1={Blon, T.; Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS-UMR5215, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France; email: thomas.blon@insa-toulouse.fr},
publisher={American Chemical Society},
issn={15306984},
coden={NALEF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nano Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thiyagarajah2014,
author={Thiyagarajah, N. and Asbahi, M. and Wong, R.T.J. and Low, K.W.M. and Yakovlev, N.L. and Yang, J.K.W. and Ng, V.},
title={A facile approach for screening isolated nanomagnetic behavior for bit-patterned media},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2014},
volume={25},
number={22},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/25/22/225203},
art_number={225203},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900448524&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f25%2f22%2f225203&partnerID=40&md5=eff36658fdfa60f4aac9a170d0140e7b},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576 Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR, 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore; Hwa Chong Institution, 661 Bukit Timah Road, 269734 Singapore, Singapore; National Junior College, 7 Hillcrest Road, 288913 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) fabricated by the direct deposition of magnetic material onto prepatterned arrays of nanopillars is a promising approach for increasing magnetic recording of areal density. One of the key challenges of this approach is to identify and control the magnetic interaction between the bits (on top of the nanopillars) and the trench material between the pillars. Using independent techniques, including magnetic force microscopy, the variable-angle magneto-optic Kerr effect, and remanence curves, we were able to determine the presence and relative intensities of exchange and dipolar interactions in Co-Pd multilayer-based BPM fabricated by direct deposition. We found that for pitches of 30 nm or less, there were negligible exchange interactions, and the bits were found to be magnetically isolated. As we move to higher densities, the absence of exchange interactions indicates that direct deposition is a promising approach to BPM fabrication. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit pattern media;  exchange interaction;  magnetic force microscopy;  magneto-optical Kerr effect},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38 (12), p. 199. , 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01 0022-3727 R01; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 31, p. 203. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203 0084-6600; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/28/285606 385301; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93. , 10.1063/1.3013857 192501; Thiyagarajah, N., Huang, T., Chen, Y., Duan, H., Song, D.L.Y., Leong, S.H., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 111. , 10.1063/1.4714547 103906; Thiyagarajah, N., Duan, H., Song, D.L.Y., Asbahi, M., Leong, S.H., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 101. , 10.1063/1.4758478 152403; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Yasui, N., Ichihara, S., Nakamura, T., Imada, A., Saito, T., Ohashi, Y., Den, T., Muraoka, H., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103. , 10.1063/1.2832658 07C515; Ajan, A., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Nishihashi, T., Uzumaki, T., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2020. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043647 0018-9464; Henkel, O., (1964) Phys. Status Solidi, 7, p. 919. , 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3951 0031-8957; Kelley, P.E., O'Grady, K., Mayo, P.I., Chantrell, R.W., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn., 25, p. 3881. , 10.1109/20.42466 0018-9464; Chadwick, S.J.F., Gonzalez-Fernandez, M.A., O'Grady, K., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 316, p. 203. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.02.076 0304-8853; Feng, C., Wang, S.G., Yang, M.Y., Zhang, E., Zhan, Q., Jiang, Y., Li, B.H., Yu, G.H., (2012) J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 12, p. 1089. , 10.1166/jnn.2012.4276 1533-4880; Pike, R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6660. , 10.1063/1.370176; Harrell, J.W., Richards, D., Parker, M.R., (1993) J. Appl. Phys., 73, p. 6722. , 10.1063/1.352514; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thompson, T., Dobiz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys.Lett., 90. , 10.1063/1.2730744 162516; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys. (Moscow), 2, p. 161; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 240, p. 599. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007 0080-4614; Huerta, J.M.M., De La Torre Medina, J., Piraux, L., Encinas, A., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111. , 10.1063/1.4704397 083914; Yakovlev, N.L., Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2011) J. Appl.Phys., 110. , 10.1063/1.3665191 123905; Wohlfarth, E.P., (1958) J. Appl. Phys., 29, p. 595. , 10.1063/1.1723231},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nguyen2014,
author={Nguyen, T.N.A. and Fallahi, V. and Le, Q.T. and Chung, S. and Mohseni, S.M. and Dumas, R.K. and Miller, C.W. and Akerman, J.},
title={Investigation of the Tunability of the Spin Configuration Inside Exchange Coupled Springs of Hard/Soft Magnets},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={6},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2299976},
art_number={6832838},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957554152&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2299976&partnerID=40&md5=6a1f09de857cad894d138085a4aceb4b},
affiliation={Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 16440, Sweden; Spintronics Research Group, Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Department of Optics and Laser Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, 5551761167, Iran; Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin Tehran, 19839, Iran; Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden; Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL  33620, United States},
abstract={Magnetic multilayer (ML) structures comprising a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) layer coupled to an in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) layer are promising materials for zero/low field operating spin-torque oscillators and bit patterned recording media. The magnetization tilt angle can be easily tuned by varying the IMA layer thickness due to the competition between PMA and IMA layers. To explore the underlying magnetization reversal mechanism and to further understand the control of tilt angle and uniformity of the magnetization, the IMA (NiFe, Co, and CoFeB)/PMA (Co/Pd MLs) exchange spring systems are systematically studied. Experimental data obtained from magnetometry show good agreement with 1-D micromagnetic simulations, allowing us to design tunable exchange coupled spring as a function of IMA thickness. © 2015 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Competing magnetic anisotropy;  exchange spring;  tilted anisotropy materials;  tunable magnetization},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Cobalt compounds;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Magnetization reversal, Anisotropy materials;  Exchange springs;  In-plane magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization reversal mechanisms;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Spin configurations;  Spin-torque oscillators, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1231929},
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Lett., 89 (9), pp. 0925071-0925073; Iskhakov, R.S., Shepeta, N.A., Stolyar, S.V., Chekanova, L.A., Yakovchuk, V.Y., Spin-wave resonance in Co/Pd magnetic multilayers and NiFe/Cu/NiFe three-layered films (2006) JETP Lett, 83 (1), pp. 28-32. , Mar; Sato, H., CoFeB thickness dependence of thermal stability factor in CoFeB/MgO perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2012) IEEE Magn. Lett., 3, p. 3000204. , Apr; Skomski, R., Kumar, P., Hadjipanayis, G.C., Sellmyer, D.J., Finite-Temperature Micromagnetism (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3229-3232. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Nguyen, T.N.A.; Materials and Nano Physics, Sweden; email: anhntn@kth.se},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kong2014,
author={Kong, G. and Choi, S.},
title={A new read channel architecture using a staggered pattern for bit patterned media recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={115},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4867344},
art_number={17B746},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903893550&doi=10.1063%2f1.4867344&partnerID=40&md5=a2672a7d851f90cdfe118a76543e0693},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Sinchon-Dong 134, Seoul 120-749, South Korea},
abstract={A new read channel architecture achieving diversity effects for bit patterned magnetic recording is proposed in this paper. In the proposed channel architecture, a new channel model generating several different channels for the desired symbols and the diversity achieving detection schemes are proposed to obtain performance gains with a simple structure. By using the proposed channel model, M different channels for the M desired symbols can be generated from the M reading operations and then M different channels can be exploited to obtain spatial diversity gains with the diversity achieving detection schemes. For the diversity achieving detection schemes, a single-track interference cancellation scheme is proposed based on ordered successive interference cancellation algorithm. To consider interference from the side-tracks, a multi-track interference cancellation (MTIC) scheme is also proposed. Simulation results show that the MTIC scheme with a simpler structure yields more than 1.5 dB gains over the conventional schemes when an areal density is 3 Tb/in2. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Physical properties;  Physics, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Channel architecture;  Conventional schemes;  Diversity effects;  Interference cancellation;  Interference cancellation scheme;  Ordered successive interference cancellation;  Spatial diversity gain, Magnetic recording},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), p. 3789. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002387; Alamouti, S.M., (1998) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 16 (10), p. 1451. , 10.1109/49.730453; Nutter, P.W., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), p. 4327. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586; Karakulak, S., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), p. 3639. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2049116; Kim, J., Lee, J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), p. 594. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2100371; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), p. 3899. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2056926; Damen, M.O., (2003) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 49 (10), p. 2389. , 10.1109/TIT.2003.817444; Wolniansky, P.W., V-BLAST: An architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel (1998) Proc. URSI ISSSE '98, p. 295. , (IEEE Communications Society Press, Italy); Kim, N., (2008) IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 7 (11), p. 4474. , 10.1109/T-WC.2008.070785; Artes, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Signal Proc., 51 (11), p. 2808. , 10.1109/TSP.2003.818210; Ng, Y., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (6), p. 1976. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2181183; Xie, N., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (12), p. 4784. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2004380},
correspondence_address1={Choi, S.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Sinchon-Dong 134, Seoul 120-749, South Korea; email: csyong@yonsei.ac.kr},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kita2014,
author={Kita, E. and Suzuki, K.Z. and Liu, Y. and Utsumi, Y. and Morishita, J. and Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Niizeki, T. and Mibu, K. and Yanagihara, H.},
title={Magnetization control for bit pattern formation of spinel ferromagnetic oxides by Kr ion implantation},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={115},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4868704},
art_number={17B907},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903887447&doi=10.1063%2f1.4868704&partnerID=40&md5=c81aa3a318ad51bbcbd0d6a2dfc0c3ce},
affiliation={Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={As a first step toward the development of bit-patterned magnetic media made of oxides, we investigated the effectiveness of magnetism control by Kr implantation in a typical spinel ferromagnetic oxide, Fe3O 4. We implanted Kr ions accelerated at 30kV on 13-nm-thick Fe 3O4 thin films at dosages of (1-40)×1014 ions/cm2. Magnetization decreased with increase in ion dosages and disappeared when irradiation was greater than 2×1015 ions/cm2 of Kr ions. These dosages are more than ten times smaller than that used in the N2 implantation for metallic and oxide ferromagnets. Both the temperature dependence of magnetization and the Mössbauer study suggest that the transition of Fe3O4 from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic took place sharply due to Kr ion irradiation, which produces two-phase separation - ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic with insufficient dosage of Kr ions. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Ion implantation;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetization;  Phase separation, Bit patterns;  Ferromagnetic oxides;  Ferromagnets;  Kr ion irradiations;  Magnetic media;  Magnetization control;  Temperature dependence;  Two-phase separation, Metallic compounds},
references={Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039; Fassbendera, J., McCord, J., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 579. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.07.032; Sato, K., Ajan, A., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 123910. , 10.1063/1.3431529; Hinoue, T., Ito, K., Hirayama, Y., Ono, T., Inaba, H., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B907. , 10.1063/1.3556777; Kim, S., Lee, S., Ko, J., Son, J., Kim, M., Kang, S., Hong, J., (2012) Nat. Nanotechnol., 7, p. 567. , 10.1038/nnano.2012.125; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117. , 10.1063/1.3072024; Oshima, D., Kato, T., Irwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, p. 3608. , 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2249501; Yuasa, S., Djayaprawira, D., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. R337. , 10.1088/0022-3727/40/21/R01; Niizeki, T., Utsumi, Y., Aoyama, R., Yanagihara, H., Inoue, J., Yamasaki, Y., Nakao, H., Kita, E., (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, p. 162407. , 10.1063/1.4824761; Niizeki, T., Utsumi, Y., Aoyama, R., Yanagihara, H., Inoue, J., Yamasaki, Y., Nakao, H., Kita, E., (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104, p. 059902. , [erratum]. 10.1063/1.4864102; Takahashi, Y.K., Kasai, S., Furubayashi, T., Mitani, S., Inomata, K., Hono, K., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 072512. , 10.1063/1.3318297; Yanagihara, H., Myoka, M., Isaka, D., Niizeki, T., Mibu, K., Kita, E., (2013) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46, p. 175004. , 10.1088/0022-3727/46/17/175004; Yanagihara, H., Myoka, M., Isaka, D., Niizeki, T., Mibu, K., Kita, E., (2014) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47, p. 129501. , [erratum]. 10.1088/0022-3727/47/12/129501; Kita, E., Ono, K., Yamaguchi, N., Nishihashi, T., Iura, M., Morishita, J., Utsumi, Y., Yanagihara, H., (2014) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 53, p. 020306. , 10.7567/JJAP.53.020306},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kovacs2014,
author={Kovacs, A. and Oezelt, H. and Bance, S. and Fischbacher, J. and Gusenbauer, M. and Reichel, F. and Exl, L. and Schrefl, T. and Schabes, M.E.},
title={Numerical optimization of writer geometries for bit patterned magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={115},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4859055},
art_number={17B704},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893137293&doi=10.1063%2f1.4859055&partnerID=40&md5=3d0d41477848fb4e1e08c407af1d752c},
affiliation={St. Poelten University of Applied Sciences, Matthias Corvinus Str. 15, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria; HGST, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 9513, United States},
abstract={A fully-automated pole-tip shape optimization tool, involving write head geometry construction, meshing, micromagnetic simulation, and evaluation, is presented. Optimizations have been performed for three different writing schemes (centered, staggered, and shingled) for an underlying bit patterned media with an areal density of 2.12 Tdots/in.2. Optimizations were performed for a single-phase media with 10 nm thickness and a mag spacing of 8 nm. From the computed write field and its gradient and the minimum energy barrier during writing for islands on the adjacent track, the overall write error rate is computed. The overall write errors are 0.7, 0.08, and 2.8×10-5 for centered writing, staggered writing, and shingled writing. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Magnetic recording, Adjacent track;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Fully automated;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Minimum energy;  Numerical optimizations;  Single phase, Shape optimization},
references={Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3064. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; SHERPA-An Efficient and Robust Optimization/Search Algorithm, , www.redcedartech.com/pdfs/SHERPA.pdf, accessed 2013-09-04; Wang, L., Basu, P.K., Leiva, J.P., (2004) Finite Elemen. Anal. Des., 40, p. 879. , 10.1016/S0168-874X(03)00118-5; Parasiliti, F., Villani, M., Lucidi, S., Rinaldi, F., (2012) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 59, p. 2503. , 10.1109/TIE.2011.2171174; Fukuda, H., Nakatani, Y., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 3895. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2197813; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 10.1063/1.2209179; Dong, Y., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B904. , 10.1063/1.3675152; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 26. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2080354; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36. , 10.1109/20.824422; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001654; Salome Cad Toolkit, , www.salome-platform.org, accessed 2013-09-04; NETGEN Automatic Mesh Generator, , http://www.hpfem.jku.at/netgen/, accessed 2013-09-04; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., Weller, D.K., (2007), U.S. patent 11/430,809 (Nov. 8); Dean, J., Bashir, M.A., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Schrefl, T., Cazacu, A., Suess, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 142505. , 10.1063/1.2905292},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arrayangkool2014,
author={Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A constructive inter-track interference coding scheme for bit-patterned media recording system},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={115},
number={17},
doi={10.1063/1.4855955},
art_number={17B703},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893038265&doi=10.1063%2f1.4855955&partnerID=40&md5=a389bf59da577adf69d99048455c164c},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand},
abstract={The inter-track interference (ITI) can severely degrade the system performance of bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). One way to alleviate the ITI effect is to encode an input data sequence before recording to avoid some data patterns that easily cause an error at the data detection process. This paper proposes a constructive ITI (CITI) coding scheme for a multi-track multi-head BPMR system to eliminate the data patterns that lead to severe ITI. Numerical results indicate that the system with CITI coding outperforms that without CITI coding, especially when an areal density (AD) is high and/or the position jitter is large. Specifically, for the system without position jitter at bit-error rate of 10-4, the proposed scheme can provide about 3 dB gain at the AD of 2.5 Tb/in.2 over the system without CITI coding. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Jitter, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Constructive inter-track interferences;  Data detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Numerical results;  Position jitter, Bit error rate},
references={Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., (2007) Proceeding of ICC 2007, p. 6249; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2307. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893137; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2559. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157668; Kim, J., Wee, J.K., Lee, J., (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, pp. 08KB04. , 10.1143/JJAP.49.08KB04; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., (2013) Proceeding of ECTI-CON 2013, p. 126; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3639. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2049116; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3523. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022493; Deza, M.M., Deza, E., (2009) Encyclopedia of Distances, p. 94. , Springer},
correspondence_address1={Kovintavewat, P.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, , Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: piya@npru.ac.th},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaushik2014,
author={Kaushik, N. and Sharma, P. and Makino, A. and Tanaka, S. and Esashi, M.},
title={Potential of metallic glass thin films as a soft magnetic underlayer for L10 FePt-based recording media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={4},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2285307},
art_number={6786377},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957894836&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2285307&partnerID=40&md5=0d1093760aaacfd15018ab202190c19d},
affiliation={WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Research and Development Center for Ultra High Efficiency Nano-Crystalline Soft Magnetic Materials, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan},
abstract={We report on the use of metallic glass (FeHfNbYB) thin film as a soft magnetic underlayer for the fabrication of L10 FePt-based bit patterned recording media (BPM). Preferred oriented phase of L10 (111) FePt is obtained either by depositing it in situ on a heated soft magnetic metallic glass/SiO2Si or at room temperature (FePt/metallic glass/SiO2Si) followed by annealing at 400°C-450°C for 20 min. Fabrication of recoding bits of size ∼2μm to 20 nm is demonstrated using electron beam lithography. Magnetic measurements on ∼500nm bit patterns show a narrow switching field (SF) distribution with SF of ∼3kOe. The ability to read/write this BPM is demonstrated with a commercial head in perpendicular geometry in a static tester. Results strongly suggest that the soft magnetic metallic glass thin films can solve the problem of writability in high anisotropy L10 FePt-based recording media. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Amorphous magnetic materials;  Magnetic domains;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Soft magnetic materials},
keywords={Amorphous materials;  Anisotropy;  Electron beam lithography;  Glass;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Metallic glass;  Metals;  Thin films, Amorphous magnetic materials;  High anisotropy;  Metallic glass thin films;  Perpendicular geometries;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Recording media;  Soft magnetic underlayers, Soft magnetic materials},
references={Goll, D., Bublat, T., Large-Area hard magnetic L10-FePt and composite L10-FePt based nanopatterns (2013) Phys. Status Solidi (A), 210 (7), pp. 1261-1271. , Jul; Piramanaygam, S.N., Varghese, B., Tan, H.K., Hnin, Y.Y.K., Lee, W.K., Okamoto, I., Writability improvement in perpendicular recording media using crystalline soft underlayer materials (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 758-764. , Feb; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., Recording physics of perpendicular media: Soft underlayer (2001) J. Magn. Mag. Mater., 232 (1-2), pp. 84-90. , Jun; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Li, G.Q., Ishio, S., Microstructure and magnetic properties for highly coercive FePt sputtered thin films (2003) Mater. Trans., 44 (8), pp. 1508-1513. , Jun; Chang, C.-H., Plumer, M., Brucker, C., Chen, D., Ranjan, R., Van Ek, J., Measurements and modeling of soft underlayer materials for perpendicular magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1637-1642. , Jul; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Komukai, T., Effect of inclination direction on recording performance of BMP with inclined anisotropy (2011) Phys. Proc., 16, pp. 8-14. , Sep; Kaushik, N., Sharma, P., Yubuta, K., Makino, A., Inoue, A., Domain wall assisted magnetization switching in (111) oriented L10 FePt grown on a soft magnetic metallic glass (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97 (7), pp. 0725101-0725103. , Aug; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Kimura, H., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., Nano-fabrication with metallic glass-An exotic material for nano-Electromechanical systems (2007) Nanotechnology, 18 (3), pp. 0353021-0353026. , Jan; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Makino, A., Esashi, M., Inoue, A., L10 FePt(111)/glassy CoFeTaB bilayered structure for patterned media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7), pp. 07B9081-07B9083. , Mar; Wang, Y., Sharma, P., Makino, A., Magnetization reversal in a preferred oriented (111) L10 FePt grown on a soft magnetic metallic glass for tilted magnetic recording (2012) J. Phys., Condensed Matter, 24 (7), pp. 0760041-0760043. , Feb; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Ishimaru, M., Futamoto, M., Inoue, A., Read/write characteristics of a new type of bit-patternedmedia using nano-patterned glassy alloy (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (7), pp. 1444-1448. , Apr; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Kuno, T., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of CoPt bit patterned media: Towards a wet chemical, Large-scale fabrication (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2224-2227. , Jun; Novak, R.L., Sinnecker, J.P., Macroscopic system for studies of magnetic dipolar interactions in small particles (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, pp. 1557-1558. , Jan; Zhang, J., Sun, Z., Sun, J., Kang, S., Yu, S., Han, G., Structural and magnetic properties of patterned perpendicular media with linearly graded anisotropy (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 102 (15), pp. 1524071-1524074. , Apr; Wang, Y., Studies on L10 FePt thin films for tilted magnetic recording (2002) Dept. Mater. Sci., Graduate School Eng., Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan, , Ph.D. dissertation Jun},
correspondence_address1={Kaushik, N.; WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Japan; email: neelam@mems.mech.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ramazani2014,
author={Ramazani, A. and Almasi Kashi, M. and Montazer, A.H.},
title={Fabrication of single crystalline, uniaxial single domain Co nanowire arrays with high coercivity},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={115},
number={11},
doi={10.1063/1.4868582},
art_number={113902},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897829624&doi=10.1063%2f1.4868582&partnerID=40&md5=9449a6adaca9c6e56a6e7e19fd1ed930},
affiliation={Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran},
abstract={Whilst Co nanorods with high coercivity were synthesized during recent years, they did not achieve the same results as for Co nanowires embedded in solid templates. In the present work, Co nanowire arrays (NWAs) with high coercivity were successfully fabricated in porous aluminum oxide template under optimum conditions by using pulsed ac electrodeposition technique. Magnetic properties and crystalline characteristics of the nanowires were investigated by hysteresis loop measurements, first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Hysteresis loop measurements showed high coercivity of about 4.8 kOe at room temperature together with optimum squareness of 1, resulting in an increase of the previous maximum coercivity for Co NWAs up to 45%. XRD and SAED patterns revealed a single crystalline texture along the [0002] direction, indicating the large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. On the other hand, FORC analysis confirmed a single domain structure for the Co NWAs. In addition, the reversal mechanism of the single crystalline, single domain Co NWAs was studied which resulted in the fixed easy axis with a coherent rotation. Accordingly, these nanowires might offer promising applications in high density bit patterned media and low power logic devices. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={AC electrodeposition;  Bit-patterned media;  Crystalline characteristic;  First-order reversal curves;  Hysteresis loop measurements;  Porous aluminum oxide;  Selected area electron diffraction;  Single-domain structure, Coercive force;  Crystalline materials;  Electron diffraction;  Hysteresis loops;  Logic devices;  Magnetocrystalline anisotropy;  Nanorods;  X ray diffraction, Nanowires},
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Nanotechnol., 10, p. 778. , 10.1109/TNANO.2010.2079941; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, D.J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 172508. , 10.1063/1.2802038; Rittenberg, D., Sakata, Y., Mikami, S., Epstein, A., Miller, J.S., (2000) Adv. Mater., 12, p. 126. , (Weinheim, Ger.), 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200001)12:2<126::AID- ADMA126>3.0.CO;2-5; Soumare, Y., Garcia, C., Maurer, T., Chaboussant, G., Ott, F., Fievet, F., Piquemal, J.Y., Viau, G., (2009) Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, p. 1971. , 10.1002/adfm.200800822; Soumare, Y., Piquemal, J.-Y., Maurer, T., Ott, F., Chaboussant, G., Falqui, A., Viau, G., (2008) J. Mater. Chem., 18, p. 5696. , 10.1039/b810943e; Pan, H., Liu, B., Yi, J., Poh, C., Lim, S., Ding, J., Feng, Y., Lin, J., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, p. 3094. , 10.1021/jp0451997; Baik, J.M., Schierhorn, M., Moskovits, M., (2008) J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, p. 2252. , 10.1021/jp711621v; Cho, J.U., Wu, J.-H., Min, J.H., Ko, S.P., Soh, J.Y., Liu, Q.X., Kim, Y.K., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 303, pp. e281. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.01.082; Ren, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Dai, Y., Zhang, B., Yan, L., (2011) J. Mater. Sci., 46, p. 7545. , 10.1007/s10853-011-5727-x; Zeng, H., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., Liu, Y., Menon, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 4718. , 10.1063/1.373137; Whitney, T., Searson, P., Jiang, J., Chien, C., (1993) Science, 261, p. 1316. , 10.1126/science.261.5126.1316; Ramazani, A., Almasi Kashi, M., Alikhani, M., Erfanifam, S., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, p. 5533. , 10.1088/0022-3727/40/18/003; Wang, P., Gao, L., Qiu, Z., Song, X., Wang, L., Yang, S., Murakami, R.I., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 064304. , 10.1063/1.2975843; Han, X., Liu, Q., Wang, J., Li, S., Ren, Y., Liu, R., Li, F., (2009) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, p. 095005. , 10.1088/0022-3727/42/9/095005; Ramazani, A., Almasi Kashi, M., Seyedi, G., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 1826. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.01.009; Viau, G., García, C., Maurer, T., Chaboussant, G., Ott, F., Soumare, Y., Piquemal, J.Y., (2009) Phys. Status Solidi A, 206, p. 663. , 10.1002/pssa.200881260; Soulantica, K., Wetz, F., Maynadié, J., Falqui, A., Tan, R., Blon, T., Chaudret, B., Respaud, M., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 152504. , 10.1063/1.3237157; Ciuculescu, D., Dumestre, F., Comesaña-Hermo, M., Chaudret, B., Spasova, M., Farle, M., Amiens, C., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 3987. , 10.1021/cm901349y; Huang, X., Li, L., Luo, X., Zhu, X., Li, G., (2008) J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, p. 1468. , 10.1021/jp710106y; Almasi Kashi, M., Ramazani, A., Rahmandoust, M., Noormohammadi, M., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, p. 4625. , 10.1088/0022-3727/40/15/040; Darques, M., Piraux, L., Encinas, A., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Popa, A., Ebels, U., (2005) Appl. Phys. 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Geosyst., 11, pp. Q01Z11. , 10.1029/2009GC002916; Proenca, M., Merazzo, K., Vivas, L., Leitao, D., Sousa, C., Ventura, J., Araujo, J., Vazquez, M., (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, p. 475703. , 10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475703; Alikhanzadeh-Arani, S., Almasi Kashi, M., Ramazani, A., (2012) Curr. Appl. Phys., 13, p. 664. , 10.1016/j.ca2012.10.014; Béron, F., Clime, L., Ciureanu, M., Ménard, D., Cochrane, R.W., Yelon, A., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09J107. , 10.1063/1.2712172; Sellmyer, D., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 13, pp. R433. , 10.1088/0953-8984/13/25/201; Sun, L., Hao, Y., Chien, C.L., Searson, P.C., (2005) IBM J. Res. Dev., 49, p. 79. , 10.1147/rd.491.0079; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 6. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2076798},
correspondence_address1={Ramazani, A.; Department of Physics, , Kashan 87317-51167, Iran; email: rmzn@kashanu.ac.ir},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao2014361,
author={Xiao, S. and Yang, X. and Hwu, J.J. and Lee, K.Y. and Kuo, D.},
title={A facile route to regular and nonregular dot arrays by integrating nanoimprint lithography with sphere-forming block copolymer directed self-assembly},
journal={Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics},
year={2014},
volume={52},
number={5},
pages={361-367},
doi={10.1002/polb.23433},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892912544&doi=10.1002%2fpolb.23433&partnerID=40&md5=cf81d60fd75aa666792fc2ef1e038202},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Nanoimprint lithography is used to create large-area two-dimensional prepatterns with tunable topographic heights in a resist layer. The resist prepatterns are applied to direct the self-assembly of sphere-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymers so as to form sparse nonregular nanodot arrays with flexible pattern layouts from high-topography prepattern or dense regular nanodot arrays with a multiplicative pattern density from low-topography prepattern. By precisely controlling the topographic height in substrate prepatterns, the origin of directed self-assembly of block copolymer spheres using low-topography prepattern is found to be topographic contrast. High-fidelity pattern transfer from spherical block copolymer nanotemplates to functional materials indicates a promising route to ultrahigh density nanodevices. Bit-patterned media over 1 teradot/in on a 2.5-inch disk are fabricated, thus presenting future magnetic data storage media with great areal density growth potential. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  block copolymers;  directed self-assembly;  nanoimprint;  resists;  self-assembly;  topography},
keywords={Functional materials;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic storage;  Nanodots;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Self assembly;  Silicones;  Spheres;  Topography, Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Flexible patterns;  High fidelity pattern transfer;  Magnetic data storage media;  Nano-imprint;  resists;  Ultrahigh density, Block copolymers},
references={Herr, D.J.C., (2006) Future Fab. Int., 20, pp. 82-86; Bang, J., Jeong, U., Ryu, D.Y., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C.J., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 4769-4792; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, pp. 525-557; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, pp. 1152-1155; Sundrani, D., Darling, S.B., Sibener, S.J., (2004) Nano Lett., 4, pp. 273-276; Park, M., Harrison, C., Chaikin, P.M., Register, R.A., Adamson, D.H., (1997) Science, 276, pp. 1401-1404; Fasolka, M.J., Mayes, A.M., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 323-355; Li, M., Ober, C.K., (2006) Mater. Today, 9, pp. 30-39; Kim, H.-C., Park, S.-M., Hinsberg, W.D., (2010) Chem. Rev., 110, pp. 146-177; Tang, C.B., Lennon, E.M., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Hawker, C.J., (2008) Science, 322, pp. 429-432; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Edwards, E.W., La, Y.-H., Nealey, P.F., (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, pp. S324-S329; Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Chang, J.-B., Mickiewicz, R.A., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., Berggren, K.K., (2010) Nat. Nanotechnol., 5, pp. 256-260; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colbum, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.C., Zhang, Y., (2007) IBM J. Res. Dev., 51, pp. 605-633; Ryu, D.Y., Shin, K., Drockenmuller, E., Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., (2005) Science, 308, pp. 236-239; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kästle, G.A., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K., Russell, T.P., (2000) Science, 290, pp. 2126-2129; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1949-1951; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bull., 33, pp. 838-845; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Stoykovich, M.P., Müller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H., Edwards, E., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1442-1446; Ruiz, R., Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Hong, S.W., Gu, X., Huh, J., Xiao, S., Russell, T.P., (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 2855-2860; Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Truong, H.D., Harrer, S., Friz, A., Holmes, S., Colburn, M., Hinsberg, W.D., (2010) ACS Nano, 4, pp. 4815-4823; Li, H.W., Huck, T.S., (2004) Nano Lett., 4, pp. 1633-1636; Man, X., Andelman, D., Orland, H., Thébault, P., Liu, P.-H., Guenoun, P., Daillant, J., Landis, S., (2011) Macromolecules, 44, pp. 2206-2211; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Lee, K.Y., Ver Der Veerdonk, R.J.M., Kuo, D., Russell, T.P., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, pp. 305302-305309; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, pp. 222512-222514; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Lee, K.Y., Hwu, J.J., Wago, K., Kuo, D., (2013) J. Micro/Nanolithog. MEMS MOEMS, 12, p. 031110},
correspondence_address1={Xiao, S.; Media Research Center, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: shuaigang.xiao@seagate.com},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
issn={08876266},
coden={JPBPE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Polym Sci Part B},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Phakphisut2014,
author={Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Decoding algorithm of LDPC codes for cascaded BSC-AWGN channels},
journal={2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014},
year={2014},
doi={10.1109/APSIPA.2014.7041722},
art_number={7041722},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014 ; Conference Date: 9 December 2014 Through 12 December 2014;  Conference Code:110955},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983208858&doi=10.1109%2fAPSIPA.2014.7041722&partnerID=40&md5=e66095edd17f5b0b23d4ed307f4c59fa},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={The written-in errors in bit patterned media (BPM) recording systems cause the erroneous bits during the writing process, leading to performance degradation. In previous works, the BPM read/write channel is modeled as a binary symmetric channel (BSC) with an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or the cascaded BSC-AWGN channels. The initial channel information including the written-in errors probability has been proposed for low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder. However, the decoding algorithm remains the same as in the case of AWGN channels. In this work, we show that the crossover probability of BSC channels will affect the check node processing of LDPC codes. Therefore, we modify the check node computation that takes into account of the crossover probability of BSC channels. The simulation results show that the proposed LDPC decoder outperforms the ones with the conventional and modified likelihood function in terms of the bit error rate performance. © 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Ass.},
keywords={Algorithms;  Bit error rate;  Channel coding;  Codes (symbols);  Decoding;  Errors;  Probability;  Satellite communication systems;  White noise, Additive white Gaussian noise channel;  Binary symmetric channel;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Cross-over probability;  Likelihood functions;  Low density parity check decoders (LDPC);  Performance degradation, Gaussian noise (electronic)},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Gallager, R., Low density parity check codes (1962) IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8, pp. 21-28; Nakamura, Y., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit paterned medium with write error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Nakamura, Y., A study on non binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Hu, J., Bit patterned media with written in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 3517-3524; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC BAWGN channel (2009) Proc. 47th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing, pp. 620-627. , Sep; Galbraith, R.L., Architecture and implementation of a first generation iterative detection read channel (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 837-843; Hu, X.Y., Regular and irregular progressive edge growth tanner graph (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Richardson, T., Urbanke, R., The capacity of low density parity check codes under message passing decoding (2001) IEEE Trans. on Inform. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 599-618. , Feb; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9786163618238},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Signal Inf. Process. Assoc. Annu. Summit Conf., APSIPA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ketwong2014,
author={Ketwong, P. and Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L.M.M. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A simple crossover-based coding technique for ITI mitigation in bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014},
year={2014},
doi={10.1109/APSIPA.2014.7041791},
art_number={7041791},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014 ; Conference Date: 9 December 2014 Through 12 December 2014;  Conference Code:110955},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983170068&doi=10.1109%2fAPSIPA.2014.7041791&partnerID=40&md5=b09587c7280b55fcc8e91a11110b4679},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkuts Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand; School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, NakhonPathomRajabhat University, Thailand},
abstract={Due to bits being recorded at ultra-high density, a bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system is faced with two-dimensional (2D) interference, namely inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI), which degrades the overall performance of a recording system. One solution to avoid the 2D interference effect is to apply a modulation code to forbid some specific data patterns leading to severe 2D interference. Nonetheless, this method usually requires either many redundant bits or additional memory. Thus, this paper proposes a simple technique to encode an input data sequence to mitigate the 2D interference effect before recording them onto a magnetic medium. The proposed technique shows the improvement in reducing complexity and additional memory using a crossover-based technique when comparing to other existing methods. © 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Ass.},
keywords={2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Coding techniques;  Inter-track interferences;  Recording systems;  Two Dimensional (2 D);  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic recording},
references={Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., (2008) Signal Processing for Bitpatterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Jointtrack equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , Jun; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A simple recorded-bit patterning scheme for bit-patterned media recording (2013) Proc. of ECTI-CON 2013, p. 126. , May},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9786163618238},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Signal Inf. Process. Assoc. Annu. Summit Conf., APSIPA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Arrayangkool2014,
author={Arrayangkool, A.},
title={A coding scheme using redundant bits for bit patterned media recording channel without overshoot},
journal={2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014},
year={2014},
doi={10.1109/APSIPA.2014.7041641},
art_number={7041641},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA 2014 ; Conference Date: 9 December 2014 Through 12 December 2014;  Conference Code:110955},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949925334&doi=10.1109%2fAPSIPA.2014.7041641&partnerID=40&md5=1a2e8b904b01af43e0749fb4b354fb84},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR), The two-dimensional (2D) interference composed of inter-symbol and inter-track interference is a major problem especially at high areal density (AD). One way to alleviate the destructive effect of 2D interference is to deploy a 2D coding scheme on an input data sequence before recording in order to avoid some data patterns that easily cause an error at the data readback process. However, some coding schemes generate high complexity. Consequently, this paper proposes a new low-complexity modulation code with redundant bits to eliminate the data patterns leading to severe 2D interference and compare overall system performance. Experimental results indicate that the system with the proposed code is superior to that without coding, especially when the AD is high and/or the position jitter is large. © 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Ass.},
keywords={Channel coding;  Magnetic recording, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Destructive effects;  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Modulation codes;  Position jitter;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Codes (symbols)},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit Patterned Media Channel with Inter Track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self assembled nano masks for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sept; Greenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two dimentional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , Jun; Kurihara, Y., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M.Z., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITi coded PRML system based on a two track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, pp. 3140-3143. , Aug; Shao, X., Alink, L., Greenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Kim, J., Wee, J.K., Lee, J., Error correcting 4/6 modulation codes for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49. , 08KB04,Aug; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Myint, L.M.M., Kovintavewat, P., A simple recorded bit patterning scheme for bit patterned media recording (2013) Proc. of ECTI CON, pp. l-5. , May2013; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A recorded bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit patterned media recording (2013) IEICE Trans. Electronics, E96C (12), pp. 1490-1496. , Dec; Arrayangkool, A., Warisarn, C., Kovintavewat, P., A 2D interference mitigation with a multitrack recorded bit patterning scheme for bit patterned media recording (2013) Proc. of ITC CSCC 2013, , Yeosu, Korea, 30 June 3 July},
correspondence_address1={Arrayangkool, A.; College of Data Storage Innovation, Thailand},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={9786163618238},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Signal Inf. Process. Assoc. Annu. Summit Conf., APSIPA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dong2014857,
author={Dong, Q. and Li, G. and Ho, C.-L. and Leung, C.-W. and Pong, P.W.-T. and Manners, I. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={Facile generation of L10-FePt nanodot arrays from a nanopatterned metallopolymer blend of iron and platinum homopolymers},
journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
year={2014},
volume={24},
number={6},
pages={857-862},
doi={10.1002/adfm.201301143},
note={cited By 51},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893870676&doi=10.1002%2fadfm.201301143&partnerID=40&md5=e3b908848f018270a30533c5b2a857db},
affiliation={Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo, Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park China, Shenzhen 518057, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8, 1TS, United Kingdom},
abstract={Hard ferromagnetic (L10 phase) FePt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with extremely high magnetocrystalline anisotropy are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of ultrahigh-density data storage system. The question of how to generate ordered patterns of L1 0-FePt NPs and how to transform the technology for practical applications represents a key current challenge. Here the direct synthesis of L10 phase FePt NPs by pyrolysis of Fe-containing and Pt-containing metallopolymer blend without post-annealing treatment is reported. Rapid single-step fabrication of large-area nanodot arrays (periodicity of 500 nm) of L10-ordered FePt NPs can also be achieved by employing the metallopolymer blend, which possesses excellent solubility in most organic solvents and good solution processability, as the precursor through nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging of the nanodot pattern indicates that the patterned L10 phase FePt NPs are capable of exhibiting decent magnetic response, which suggests a great potential to be utilized directly in the fabrication of bit patterned media (BPM) for the next generation of magnetic recording technology. Rapid single-step fabrication of large-area nanodot arrays of L10-FePt nanoparticles (NPs) are achieved by employing a metallopolymer blend of individual Fe- and Pt-containing homopolymers as the precursor through nanoimprint lithography. Imaging of the nanodot pattern indicates that the patterned NPs exhibit a decent magnetic response, which suggests potential to be utilized directly in the fabrication of bit-patterned media for the next generation of magnetic recording technology. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  FePt nanoparticles;  magnetic data recording;  metallopolymers;  nanoimprint lithography},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Data storage systems;  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  Magnetic force microscopy imaging;  Metallopolymers;  Post annealing treatment;  Solution processability, Data recording;  Data storage equipment;  Fabrication;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetocrystalline anisotropy;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoparticles;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum, Iron alloys},
funding_details={51373145, 61307030},
references={Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 27, p. 1989; Thomson, T., Lee, S.L., Toney, M.F., Dewhurst, C.D., Ogrin, F.Y., Oates, C.J., Sun, S., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 064441; Nguyen, H.L., Howard, L.E.M., Stinton, G.W., Giblin, S.R., Tanner, B.K., Terry, I., Hughes, A.K., Evans, J.S.O., (2006) Chem. Mater., 18, p. 6414; Sun, S., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 393; Frey, N.A., Peng, S., Cheng, K., Sun, S., (2009) Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, p. 2532; Robinson, I., Zacchini, S., Tung, L.D., Maenosono, S., Thanh, N.T.K., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 3021; Capobianchi, A., Colapietro, M., Fiorani, D., Foglia, S., Imperatori, P., Laureti, S., Palange, E., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 2007; Guo, L., (2007) J. Adv. Mater., 19, p. 495; Guo, Q., Teng, X., Yang, H., (2004) Adv. Mater., 15, p. 1337; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S., Kuo, D.S., Weller, D.K., (2009) IEEE Trans. Mag., 45, p. 833; Clendenning, S.B., Aouba, S., Rayat, M.S., Grozea, D., Sorge, J.B., Brodersen, P.M., Sodhi, R.N.S., Manner, I., (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, p. 215; Liu, K., Ho, C.L., Aouba, S., Zhao, Y.Q., Lu, Z.H., Petrov, S., Coombs, N., Manners, I., (2008) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47, p. 1255; Liu, K., Fournier-Bidoz, S., Ozin, G.A., Manners, I., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 1781; Whittell, G.R., Hager, M.D., Schubert, U.S., Manners, I., (2011) Nat. Mater., 10, p. 176; Ruotsalainen, T., Turku, J., Heikkilä, P., Ruokolainen, J., Nykänen, A., Laitinen, T., Torkkeli, M., Ikkala, O., (2005) Adv. Mater., 17, p. 1048; Dong, Q., Li, G., Ho, C.L., Faisal, M., Leung, C.W., Pong, P.W.T., Liu, K., Wong, W.Y., (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, p. 1034; Schubert, U.S., Eschbaumer, C., (2002) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, p. 2892; Manners, I., (2004) Synthetic Metal-Containing Polymers, , Wiley-VCH, Germany; Williams, K.A., Boydston, A.J., Bielawski, C.W., (2007) Chem. Soc. Rev., 36, p. 729; Gilroy, J.B., Patra, S.K., Mitchels, J.M., Winnik, M.A., Manners, I., (2011) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, p. 5851; Sort, J., Suriñach, S., Barõ, M.D., Muraviev, D., Dzhardimalieva, G.I., Golubeva, N.D., Pomogailo, S.I., Nogués, J., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 466; Wellons, M.S., Morris, W.H., Gai, Z., Shen, J., Bentley, J., Wittig, J.E., Lukehart, C.M., (2007) Chem. Mater., 19, p. 2483; Wang, J.P., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1847; Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, p. 611; Rutledge, R.D., Wellons, M.S., Gai, Z., Shen, J., Bentley, J., Wittig, J.E., Lukehart, C.M., (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 14210; Schvartzman, M., Wind, S.J., (2009) Nano Lett., 9, p. 3629; Yano, K., Nandwanda, V., Poudyal, N., Rong, C.B., Liu, J.P., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 013918; Cullity, B.D., (1972) Introduction to Magnetic Materials, , Addison-Wesley, Reading, USA; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599},
correspondence_address1={Leung, C.-W.; Department of Applied Physics, , Hung Hom, Hong Kong; email: dennis.leung@polyu.edu.hk},
issn={1616301X},
coden={AFMDC},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Funct. Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Petrie2014,
author={Petrie, J.R. and Urazhdin, S. and Wieland, K.A. and Fischer, G.A. and Edelstein, A.S.},
title={Using a spin torque nano-oscillator to read memory based on the magnetic permeability},
journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
year={2014},
volume={47},
number={5},
doi={10.1088/0022-3727/47/5/055002},
art_number={055002},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892414665&doi=10.1088%2f0022-3727%2f47%2f5%2f055002&partnerID=40&md5=6e38194e6c7086b767a0541b5855b15e},
affiliation={US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20873, United States; Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States},
abstract={We present an archival memory utilizing a spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) to read bits of data with different magnetic permeability. Basing a magnetic memory on this intrinsic property rather than remanent magnetization reduces the risk of data corruption. The permeability of the bits is read as changes in an applied probe field near the media. These changes in the probe field are measured by detecting microwave frequency shifts in STNOs. The probe field can be tuned over hundreds of Oe to optimize the reading of the media. Using a 400 Oe probe field, we have measured 2% frequency shifts in a STNO near micrometre-sized bits of (1) lithographically-patterned permalloy lines and (2) laser-crystallized Metglas lines. Data from either media was not corrupted by exposure to fields of 6400 Oe and temperatures of 523 K. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={magnetic permeability;  memory;  spin torque nano-oscillator},
keywords={Archival memory;  Data corruption;  Frequency shift;  Intrinsic property;  Magnetic memory;  Nano-oscillator;  Remanent magnetization;  Spin torque, Data storage equipment;  Frequency shift keying;  Magnetic storage;  Nickel alloys;  Probes, Magnetic permeability},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1218414, 1218419},
references={Cullity, B.D., Graham, C.D., (2009) Introduction to Magnetic Materials; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 917-923. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010676 0018-9464; Jiang, W., Cross-track noise profile measurement for adjacent-track interference study and write-current optimization in perpendicular recording (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 6754-6756. , 10.1063/1.1557716; Argumedo, A.J., Scaling tape-recording areal densities to 100 Gb/in2 (2008) IBM J. Res. Dev., 52, pp. 513-527. , 10.1147/rd.524.0513 0018-8646; Zhimin, Y., Perspectives of magnetic recording system at 10 Tb per square inch (2009) Magnetic Recording Conf. APMRC '09.; Evans, R.F.L., Thermally induced error: Density limit for magnetic data storage (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100. , 10.1063/1.3691196 102402; Shimizu, O., Long-term archival stability of barium ferrite magnetic tape (2012) J. Magn. Soc. Japan, 36, pp. 1-4. , 10.3379/msjmag.1112R001 0285-0192; Edelstein, A.S., Fischer, G.A., (2008); Lenz, J., Edelstein, A.S., Magnetic sensors and their applications (2006) IEEE Sensors Journal, 6 (3), pp. 631-649. , DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2006.874493; Lu, Y., Altman, R.A., Marley, A., Rishton, S.A., Trouilloud, P.L., Xiao, G., Gallagher, W.J., Parkin, S.S.P., Shape-anisotropy-controlled magnetoresistive response in magnetic tunnel junctions (1997) Applied Physics Letters, 70 (19), pp. 2610-2612; Zeng, Z., Finocchio, G., Jiang, H., Spin transfer nano-oscillators (2013) Nanoscale, 5, pp. 2219-2231. , 10.1039/c2nr33407k; Klselev, S.I., Sankey, J.C., Krivorotov, I.N., Emley, N.C., Schoelkopf, R.J., Buhrman, R.A., Ralph, D.C., Microwave oscillations of a nanomagnet driven by a spin-polarized current (2003) Nature, 425 (6956), pp. 380-383. , DOI 10.1038/nature01967; Slonczewski, J.C., Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 159, pp. 1-L7. , 10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5 0304-8853; Silva, T.J., Rippard, W.H., Developments in nano-oscillators based upon spin-transfer point-contact devices (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 1260-1271. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.12.022 0304-8853; Kim, J.-V., Tiberkevich, V., Slavin, A.N., Generation linewidth of an auto-oscillator with a nonlinear frequency shift: Spin-torque nano-oscillator (2008) Physical Review Letters, 100 (1), p. 017207. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.100.017207&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.017207; Braganca, P.M., Nanoscale magnetic field detection using a spin torque oscillator (2010) Nanotechnology, 21 (23). , 10.1088/0957-4484/21/23/235202 0957-4484 235202; June, W.L., Justin, M.S., Magnetic nanostructures for advanced technologies: Fabrication, metrology and challenges (2011) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 44 (30). , 10.1088/0022-3727/44/30/303001 0022-3727 303001; Mizushima, K., High-data-transfer-rate read heads composed of spin-torque oscillators (2011) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 266 (1). , 10.1088/1742-6596/266/1/012060 1742-6596 012060; Ohring, M., (2002) Materials Science of Thin Films: Deposition and Structure; Cheng, S.F., Effects of spacer layer on growth, stress and magnetic properties of sputtered permalloy film (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 282, pp. 109-114. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.027 0304-8853; Luborsky, F., Becker, J., McCary, R.O., Magnetic annealing of amorphous alloys (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, pp. 1644-1649. , 10.1109/TMAG.1975.1058974 0018-9464; Sorescu, M., Direct evidence of laser-induced magnetic domain structures in metallic glasses (2000) Phys. Rev., 61, pp. 14338-14341. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.14338 B; Ramanujan, R.V., Du, S.W., Nanocrystalline structures obtained by the crystallization of an amorphous Fe40Ni38B18Mo4 soft magnetic alloy (2006) Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 425 (1-2), pp. 251-260. , DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.10.096, PII S0925838806001149; Svec, P., Influence of structure evolution on magnetic properties of Fe-Ni-Nb-B system (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 412-415. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2034332 0018-9464; Urazhdin, S., Fractional synchronization of spin-torque nano-oscillators (2010) Phys. Rev. Lett., 105. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.104101 104101; Tabor, P., Hysteretic synchronization of nonlinear spin-torque oscillators (2010) Phys. Rev., 82. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.020407 B 020407; Demidov, V.E., Control of Magnetic fluctuations by spin current (2011) Phys. Rev. Lett., 107. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.107204 107204; Li, A., Lee, D.W., Wang, S.X., Hwang, K.-P., Min, Y., Mao, M., Schneider, T., Bubber, R., Tensor nature of permeability and its effects in inductive magnetic devices (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2373-2375. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892585; Tarnopolsky, G.J., Pitts, P.R., Media noise and signal-to-noise ratio estimates for high areal density recording (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 4837. , 10.1063/1.364847},
correspondence_address1={US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20873, United States},
issn={00223727},
coden={JPAPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys D},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ohnuki201426,
author={Ohnuki, S. and Nakagawa, K. and Ashizawa, Y. and Tsukamoto, A. and Itoh, A.},
title={Novel development of ultra-fast and ultra-high density magnetic recording},
journal={IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials},
year={2014},
volume={134},
number={1},
pages={26-29},
doi={10.1541/ieejfms.134.26},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891821697&doi=10.1541%2fieejfms.134.26&partnerID=40&md5=076918130be02bfa2b8fb95e87c88d32},
affiliation={College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan},
abstract={This paper reviews our recent progress of a novel magnetic recording method which is based on all-optical magnetic recording and plasmonic antennas with bit-patterned media. Using our technique, magnetization reversal occurs at the femtosecond time scale and recording density is over 2 Tbit/inch2. We will verify our recording method in terms of precise electromagnetic simulation for ultra-short time light pulse. © 2014 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.},
author_keywords={All-optical magnetic recording;  Electromagnetic simulation;  Magnetic recording;  Optical recording;  Ultra-high density magnetic recording},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Electromagnetic simulation;  Femtosecond time scale;  Light pulse;  Recent progress;  Recording density;  Ultra-fast;  Ultrahigh density, Electromagnets;  Optical recording, Magnetic recording},
references={Nakagawa, K., Kim, J., Itoh, A., Near-field optically assisted hybrid head for self-aligned plasmon spot with magnetic field (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08F9021-08F9023. , 4; Nakagawa, K., Tajiri, A., Tamura, K., Toriumi, S., Ashizawa, Y., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Ohnuki, S., Thermally assisted magnetic recording applying optical near field with ultra short-time heating (2013) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 37, pp. 119-122; Stanciu, C.D., Hansteen, F., Kimel, A.V., Kirilyuk, A., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Rasing, Th., All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, pp. 0476011-0476014; Nakagawa, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., Itoh, A., Tsukamoto, A., Confined circularly polarized light generated by nano-size aperture for high density all-optical magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B7351-07B7353. , 4; Kishimoto, S., Ohnuki, S., Ashizawa, Y., Nakagawa, K., Chew, W.C., Time domain analysis of nanoscale electromagnetic problems by a boundary integral equation method with fast inverse laplace transform (2012) J. Electromagn. Waves & Applications, 26, pp. 997-1006; Tamura, K., Ota, T., Ashizawa, Y., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Ohnuki, S., Nakagawa, K., Circularly polarized light generated by plasmon antenna for all-optical magnetic recording (2013) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 37, pp. 115-118; Ohnuki, S., Kato, T., Takano, Y., Ashizawa, Y., Nakagawa, K., Characteristics of localized circularly polarized light for all-optical magnetic recording (2013) Proc. of 2013 URSI Int. Symp. on Electromagnetic Theory, pp. 269-271. , 21PM2B-04; Mayergoyz, I., Zhang, Z., McAvoy, P., Bowen, D., Krafft, C., Application of circularly polarized plasmon resonance modes to all-optical magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3372-3375; Biagioni, P., Huang, J.S., Duò, L., Finazzi, M., Hecht, B., Cross resonant optical antenna (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, pp. 2568011-12568014. , 6; Biagioni, P., Savoini, M., Huang, J.-S., Duò, L., Finazzi, M., Hecht, B., Near-field polarization shaping by a near-resonant plasmonic cross antenna (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, pp. 1534091-1534094; Yamaguchi, T., Hinata, T., Optical near-field analysis of spherical metals: Application of the FDTD method combined with the ADE method (2007) Opt. Express, 15, pp. 11481-11491; Rakić, A.D., Djurišić, A.B., Elazar, J.M., Majewski, M.L., Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 5271-5283},
correspondence_address1={College of Science and Technology, 1-8-14, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan},
issn={03854205},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={IEEJ Trans. Fundam. Mater.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2014,
author={Yang, X. and Xiao, S. and Hsu, Y. and Wang, H. and Hwu, J. and Steiner, P. and Wago, K. and Lee, K. and Kuo, D.},
title={Fabrication of servo-integrated template for 1.5 Teradot/inch 2 bit patterned media with block copolymer directed assembly},
journal={Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS},
year={2014},
volume={13},
number={3},
doi={10.1117/1.JMM.13.3.031307},
art_number={031307},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938131322&doi=10.1117%2f1.JMM.13.3.031307&partnerID=40&md5=1af37d9cd63f48ec6b57cbea42806611},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) proves to be a viable solution for the ultrahigh density bit-patterned media (BPM) application. However, servo design integration is still extremely challenging since the servo layouts require more complex patterns than the simple arrays naturally achieved by the DSA process. We present an integration scheme to create BPM servo patterns by utilizing the BCP dot-array patterns. This proposed method is based on an imprint guided two-step DSA process, combined with conventional optical lithography to define two separate zones. Both the data zone and servo zone consist of selfassembled hexagonal dot arrays: a regular pattern in the data zone and an arbitrary pattern in the servo zone. This method was successfully used to fabricate a servo-integrated BPM template with an areal density of 1.5 Teradot/inch2 (Td/in:2) (Lo = 22.3 nm). Using the fabricated quartz template, CoCrPt BPM media has been successfully patterned by nanoimprint lithography and subsequent ion-beam etching process on a 2.5 in. disk. Further, using patterned-in servo wedges on 1.5 Td/in:2 patterned CoCrPt media, we are able to close the servo control loop for track-following on a spin-stand test. The standard deviation of repeatable run-out over the full revolution is calculated to be about 4% of the 38.6 nm track pitch. This method is currently being used to fabricate a template at a much higher density of 3.2 Td/in:2 (Lo = 15.2 nm). © The Authors.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  block copolymer;  directed self-assembly;  imprint lithography;  magnetic recording.;  template fabrication},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Chromium alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Etching;  Ion beams;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photolithography;  Platinum alloys;  Ternary alloys, Arbitrary patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Imprint lithography;  Integrated template;  Standard deviation;  Template fabrication, Fabrication},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102 (1), p. 011301; Ross, C.R., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res., 8 (31), pp. 203-235; Dobisz, E.A., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22), pp. 222512-222514; Yang, X.-M., Guided self-assembly of symmetric diblock copolymer films on chemically nanopatterned substrates (2000) Macromolecules, 33 (26), pp. 9575-9582; Kim, S.O., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414; Stoykovic, M.P., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446; Bita, I., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 939-943; Cheng, J.Y., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20 (16), pp. 3155-3158; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Yang, X.-M., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit patterned media with areal density of 1 terabit?inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (7), pp. 1844-1858; Albrecht, T.R., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot?in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 773-778; Wan, L., Directed self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer: Prepatterning effect on pattern quality and density multiplication factor (2009) Langmuir, 25 (21), pp. 12408-12413; Xia, S., A general approach to addressable 4 Td/in patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21 (24), pp. 2516-2519; Xiao, S., Directed self-assembly for high-density bit-patterned media fabrication using spherical block copolymers (2013) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 12 (3), p. 031110; Yang, X.-M., Directed self-assembly of block copolymer for bit patterned media with areal density of 1.5 Teradot/inch2 and beyond (2013) J. Nanomater., 2013, p. 17. , Article ID 615896; Xiao, S., A facile route to regular and nonregular dot arrays by integrating nanoimprint lithography with sphere-forming block copolymer directed self-assembly (2014) J. Polym. Sci. Part B, 52 (5), pp. 361-367; Ruiz, R., Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media (2011) ACS Nano, 5 (1), pp. 79-84; Wan, L., Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 11 (3), p. 031405; Liu, G.L., Fabrication of chevron patterns for patterned media with block copolymer directed assembly (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 29, pp. 06F204; Kihara, N., Fabrication of 5 Tdot?in:2 bit patterned media with servo pattern using directed self-assembly (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30, pp. 06FH02; Yamamoto, R., Nanoimprint mold for 2.5 Tbit?in:2 directed selfassembly bit patterned media with phase servo pattern (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Kamata, Y., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb?in2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 51-54; Yang, X.-M., Integration of nanoimprint lithography with block copolymer directed self-assembly for fabrication of sub-20 nm template for bit patterned media (2014) Nanotechnology, , in press; Schmid, G.M., Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27 (2), pp. 573-580; Yang, X.-M., Toward 1 Tdot?inch2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X.; Media Research Center, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
publisher={SPIE},
issn={19325150},
coden={JMMMG},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Micro/ Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Homma20141,
author={Homma, T. and Wodarz, S. and Nishiie, D. and Otani, T. and Ge, S. and Zangari, G.},
title={Fabrication of FePt and CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays by electrodeposition process},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2014},
volume={64},
number={31},
pages={1-9},
doi={10.1149/06431.0001},
note={cited By 4; Conference of Symposium on Magnetic Materials, Processes, and Devices 13 - 2014 ECS and SMEQ Joint International Meeting ; Conference Date: 5 October 2014 Through 9 October 2014;  Conference Code:110021},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930347151&doi=10.1149%2f06431.0001&partnerID=40&md5=4e8a87b4d6da7a9c8f9fb2fe6ada597b},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and CESE, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA  22903-4745, United States},
abstract={Fabrication of Co-Pt and Fe-Pt ferromagnetic nanodot arrays for the application of ultra-high density bit patterned media (BPM) by electrochemical processes was described. In order to form patterned substrates for nanodot arrays with the density higher than 1 Tbit/inch2, electron beam lithography technique was employed. Nanopatterns with 25 nm and 18 nm pitch, which correspond to 1 and 2 Tbit/inch2 were successfully formed by optimizing the condition of the lithography process, and Co-Pt and Fe-Pt with relatively high coercivity of 4.8 kOe and 10.3 kOe were formed by electrodeposition. By utilizing the nanopatterned substrates, Co-Pt and Fe-Pt nanodot arrays with 25 nm and 35 nm pitch were uniformly formed. These results demonstrate capability of the electrochemical processes for fabricating magnetic nanodot arrays with Tbit-level density. ©The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Electron beam lithography;  Lithography;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Nanostructured materials, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Electrochemical process;  Electrodeposition process;  Lithography process;  Magnetic nanodots;  Nanopatterned substrates;  Patterned substrates;  Ultrahigh density, Platinum},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1207351},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, p. 3816; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, p. 2255; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38, p. R199; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 1649; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl.Phys. Lett, 89, p. 223131; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Zeng, H., Li, J., Wang, Z.L., Sun, S., (2002) Nature, 420, p. 395; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Kuno, T., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, p. 2224; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homma, T., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 320, p. 3104; Ouchi, T., Shimano, N., Homma, T., (2011) Electrochim. Acta, 56, p. 9575; Pattanaik, G., Kirkwood, D.M., Xu, X., Zangari, G., (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52, p. 2755; Pattanaik, G., Weston, J., Zangari, G., (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99, p. 08E901; Xu, X., Ghidini, M., Zangari, G., (2012) J. Electroanal. Chem, 159, p. D240; Liang, D., Mallett, J.J., Zangari, G., (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 8100; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, p. 8081; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Maret, M., Cadeville, M.C., Herr, A., Poinsot, R., Beaurepaire, E., Lefebvre, S., Bessiere, M., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 191, p. 61},
editor={Kitamoto Y., Bonhote C., Zangari G., Brankovic S.R., Gatzen H.H., Osaka T., Hesketh P.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781607685395},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Wodarz201499,
author={Wodarz, S. and Otani, T. and Hagiwara, H. and Homma, T.},
title={Characterization of electrodeposited Co-Pt nanodot array at initial deposition stage},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2014},
volume={64},
number={45},
pages={99-105},
doi={10.1149/06445.0099ecst},
note={cited By 2; Conference of Symposium on Student Poster General Session - 2014 ECS and SMEQ Joint International Meeting ; Conference Date: 5 October 2014 Through 9 October 2014;  Conference Code:110021},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930268033&doi=10.1149%2f06445.0099ecst&partnerID=40&md5=ec2f9ac8a87e41a7c5eb64af73cc4b85},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={We have fabricated Co-Pt nanodot arrays by electrochemical process for the application of bit patterned media (BPM), which is proposed as a key technology for future recording media. Since formation of uniform nanodot arrays is required for BPM, controlling the initial stages of electrodeposition is significant. In this work, we analyzed the effects of applied potential and size of nano-patterns on initial stages of Co-Pt electrodeposition. As a result, number of Co-Pt nuclei decreased in smaller nano-pore. In particular, formation of Co-Pt single grains, which exhibit high and uniform coercivity, was expected with low overpotential in nanopore with 10 nm diameter. Furthermore, coercivities of Co-Pt films at the initial stage increased with lower overpotential, since Co-Pt nucleated and grew along with Ru underlayer with high orientation. These results indicate that magnetic properties of Co-Pt nanodot arrays can be optimized by controlling the nucleation and growth behavior of Co-Pt. © The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Coercive force;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Nanodots;  Nanopores;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum alloys, Applied potentials;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Electrochemical process;  High orientation;  Initial depositions;  Magnetic properties of co;  Nucleation and growth;  Pt electrodepositions, Cobalt alloys},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25249104},
references={Shioishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, 3816p; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 35, p. R157; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Rattner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, 1649p; Aoyama, T., Uchiyama, K., Kagotani, T., Hattori, K., Wada, Y., Okawa, S., Hatate, H., Sato, I., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, 1646p; Kamata, Y., Kikiysu, A., Hideta, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, 999p; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jina, S., (2006) J. Appl.Phys., 99, p. 08G902; Yasui, N., Imada, A., Den, T., (2003) Appl.Phys. Lett., 83, 3347p; Sohn, J.S., Lee, D., Cho, E., Kim, H.S., Lee, B.K., Lee, M.B., Suh, S.J., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, 25302p; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homma, T., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, 3104p; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Konishi, Y., Homma, T., (2010) Electrochim. Acta, 55, 8081p; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Kuno, T., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, 2224p; Romankiw, L.T., (1997) Electrochim. Acta, 12, 2985p; Scharifker, B.R., Hills, G., (1983) Electrochim. Acta, 28, 879p},
editor={Subramanian V.R., Johnson C.S., Lara-Castro R.H., Sundaram K.B., Chaitanya V., Pharkya P.},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
issn={19386737},
isbn={9781607685395},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Shahsavari2014,
author={Shahsavari, B. and Keikha, E. and Zhang, F. and Horowitz, R.},
title={Adaptive repetitive control using a modified Filtered-X LMS algorithm},
journal={ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2014},
year={2014},
volume={1},
doi={10.1115/dscc2014-6322},
note={cited By 11; Conference of ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, DSCC 2014 ; Conference Date: 22 October 2014 Through 24 October 2014;  Conference Code:109647},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929378057&doi=10.1115%2fdscc2014-6322&partnerID=40&md5=2be154bed4cbb8a9d1a40f652287cf8d},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={In this paper we employ a modified filtered-x least mean squares (MFX-LMS) method to synthesis an adaptive repetitive controller for rejecting periodic disturbances at selective frequencies. We show how a MFX-LMS algorithm can be utilized when the reference signal is deterministic and periodic. A new adaptive step size is proposed with the motivation to improve the convergence rate of the MFX-LMS algorithm and fade the steady state excess error caused by the variation of estimated parameters in a stochastic environment. A novel secondary path modeling scheme is proposed to compensate for the modeling mismatches online. We further discuss the application of this adaptive controller in hard disk drives that use Bit Patterned Media Recording. Finally we present the results of comprehensive realistic numerical simulations and experimental implementations of the algorithms on a hard disk drive servo mechanism that is subjected to periodic disturbances known as repeatable runout. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.},
keywords={Acoustic variables control;  Biomimetics;  Control system analysis;  Distributed parameter control systems;  Ground vehicles;  Hard disk storage;  Least squares approximations;  Machine design;  Manipulators;  Stochastic systems;  Walking aids, Adaptive controllers;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Filtered x least mean squares;  Filtered-x LMS algorithms;  Periodic disturbances;  Repetitive controller;  Secondary path modeling;  Stochastic environment, Controllers},
references={Inoue, T., Nakano, M., Kubo, T., Matsumoto, S., Baba, H., High accuracy control of a proton synchrotron magnet power supply (1981) Proceedings of the 8th World Congress of IFAC, 20, pp. 216-221; Tomizuka, M., Tsao, T.-C., Chew, K.-K., Analysis and synthesis of discrete-time repetitive controllers (1989) Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 111 (3), pp. 353-358; Kempf, C., Messner, W., Tomizuka, M., Horowitz, R., Comparison of four discrete-time repetitive control algorithms (1993) IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 13 (6), pp. 48-54; Chew, K.-K., Tomizuka, M., Digital control of repetitive errors in disk drive systems (1989) American Control Conference, 1989, pp. 540-548. , IEEE; Messner, W., Horowitz, R., Kao, W.-W., Boals, M., A new adaptive learning rule (1991) Automatic Control, 36 (2), pp. 188-197. , IEEE Transactions on; Widrow, B., Hoff, M.E., (1960) Adaptive Switching Circuits; Diniz, P.S., (1997) Adaptive Filtering, , Springer; Elliott, S., Nelson, P., The application of adaptive filtering to the active control of sound and vibration (1985) NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N, 86, p. 32628; Burgess, J.C., Active adaptive sound control in a duct: A computer simulation (1981) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70 (3), pp. 715-726; Widrow, B., Shaffer, S., Shur, D., On adaptive inverse control' (1981) Proc. 15th ASILOMAR Conf, , on Circuits, systems and computers; Morgan, D.R., An analysis of multiple correlation cancellation loops with a filter in the auxiliary path (1980) Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 28 (4), pp. 454-467. , IEEE Transactions on; Bjarnason, E., Noise cancellation using a modified form of the filteredxlms algorithm (1992) Proc. Eusipco Signal Processing, 5. , Bnissel; Kim, I.-S., Na, H.-S., Kim, K.-J., Park, Y., Constraint filtered-x and filtered-u least-mean-square algorithms for the active control of noise in ducts (1994) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95 (6), pp. 3379-3389; White, R.L., Newt, R., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) Magnetics, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , IEEE Transactions on; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Research, 31 (1), pp. 203-235; Ungerboeck, G., Theory on the speed of convergence in adaptive equalizers for digital communication (1972) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 16 (6), pp. 546-555; Widrow, B., McCool, J.M., Larimore, M., Johnson, C.R., Stationary and nonstationary learning characteristics of the lms adaptive filter (1976) Proceedings of the IEEE, 64 (8), pp. 1151-1162; Feuer, A., Weinstein, E., Convergence analysis of lms filters with uncorrelated Gaussian data (1985) Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 33 (1), pp. 222-230. , IEEE Transactions on; Lopes, P.A., Piedade, M.S., The behavior of the modified fx-lms algorithm with secondary path modeling errors (2004) Signal Processing Letters, IEEE, 11 (2), pp. 148-151; Eriksson, L., Allie, M., Use of random noise for online transducer modeling in an adaptive active attenuation system (1989) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85 (2), pp. 797-802; Akhtar, M.T., Abe, M., Kawamata, M., A new variable step size lms algorithm-based method for improved online secondary path modeling in active noise control systems (2006) Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 14 (2), pp. 720-726. , IEEE Transactions on; Al Mamun, A., Guo, G., Bi, C., (2007) Hard Disk Drive: Mechatronics and Control, 23. , CRC PressI Llc; Sacks, A.H., Bodson, M., Messner, W., Advanced methods for repeatable runout compensation [disc drives] (1995) Magnetics, 31 (2), pp. 1031-1036. , IEEE Transactions on; Wu, S.-C., Tomizuka, M., Repeatable runout compensation for hard disk drives using adaptive feedforward cancellation (2006) American Control Conference, 2006, p. 6. , IEEE; Chen, Y.Q., Moore, K.L., Yu, J., Zhang, T., Iterative learning control and repetitive control in hard disk drive industry - A tutorial (2006) Decision and Control, pp. 2338-2351. , 2006 45th IEEE Conference on IEEE},
sponsors={Dynamic Systems and Control Division},
publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
isbn={9780791846186},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Dyn. Syst. Control Conf., DSCC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Blachowicz2014,
author={Blachowicz, T. and Ehrmann, A.},
title={Anatomy of demagnetizing and exchange fields in magnetic nano-dots influenced by 3D shape modifications},
journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
year={2014},
volume={574},
number={1},
doi={10.1088/1742-6596/574/1/012054},
art_number={012054},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences, IC-MSQUARE 2014 ; Conference Date: 28 August 2014 Through 31 August 2014;  Conference Code:110172},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921670884&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f574%2f1%2f012054&partnerID=40&md5=91992c6e580b5deff047f930d84fbd8c},
affiliation={Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Monchengladbach, 41065, Germany; VIARAM-Virtual Institute for Applied Research on Advanced Materials, Germany},
abstract={Hysteresis loops of 3D ferromagnetic permalloy nano-half-balls (dots) with 100 nm base diameter have been examined by means of LLG micromagnetic simulations and finite element methods. Tests were carried out with two orthogonal directions of the externally applied field at 10 kA/(m.ns) field sweeping speed. The comparison of samples with different 3D modifications at the sub-10nm scale, accessible by nowadays lithographic techniques, enables conclusions about different mechanisms of competition between demagnetizing and exchange fields. Design paradigms provided here can be applied, e.g., in bit-patterned media used as novel magnetic storage systems. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Integrated circuits;  Iron alloys;  Lithography;  Magnetic materials;  Nanodots;  Nickel alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Design paradigm;  Different mechanisms;  Exchange fields;  Magnetic nano-dots;  Magnetic storage systems;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Orthogonal directions, Magnetic storage},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Cowburn, R.P., Koltsov, D.K., Adeyeye, A.O., Welland, M.E., Tricker, D.M., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83 (5), p. 1042; Zhu, J.G., Zheng, Y.F., Prinz, G.A., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), p. 6668; Zhu, F.Q., Fan, D.L., Zhu, X.C., Zhu, J.G., Cammarata, R.C., Chien, C.L., (2004) Adv. Mater., 16 (23-24), p. 2155; Zhang, W., Haas, S., (2010) Phys. Rev., 81 (6), p. 064433; He, K., Smith, D.J., McCartney, M.R., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 09D307; Soares, M.M., De Biasi, E., Coelho, L.N., Dos Santos, M.C., De Menezes, F.S., Knobel, M., Sampaio, L.C., Garcia, F., (2008) Phys. Rev., 77 (22), p. 224405; Amaladass, E., Ludescher, B., Schutz, G., Tyliszczak, T., Lee, M.S., Eimuller, T., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (5), p. 053911; Leong, T.G., Zarafshar, A.M., Gracias, D.H., (2010) Small, 6 (7), p. 792; Chou, K.W., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Dolgos, D., Schutz, G., Van Waeyenberge, B., Vansteenkiste, A., Back, C.H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (20), p. 202505; Smith, N., Markham, D., La Tourette, D., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 65 (11), p. 4362; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28 (2), p. 366; Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., Steblinski, P., Pawela, L., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108 (12), p. 123906; Diao, Z., Abid, M., Upadhyaya, P., Venkatesan, P., Coey, J.M.D., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322 (9-12), p. 1304; Ehrmann, A., (2014) Examination and Simulation of New Magnetic Materials for the Possible Application in Memory Cells, Logos Verlag},
editor={Vagenas E.C., Vlachos D.S., Bastos C., Hofer T., Kominis Y., Kosmas O., Le Lay G., De Padova P., Rode B., Suraud E., Varga K.},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={17426588},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Phys. Conf. Ser.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Shahsavari2014,
author={Shahsavari, B. and Keikha, E. and Zhang, F. and Horowitz, R.},
title={Repeatable runout following in bit patterned media recording},
journal={ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2014},
year={2014},
doi={10.1115/ISPS2014-6946},
note={cited By 6; Conference of ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2014 ; Conference Date: 23 June 2014 Through 24 June 2014;  Conference Code:108841},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911945655&doi=10.1115%2fISPS2014-6946&partnerID=40&md5=dd47893442c805bebc1ee6a65b222511},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={An adaptive feedforward controller design for tracking repeatable runout (RRO) in bit patterned media recording (BMPR) is proposed for single stage hard disk drives (HDD). The technique is based on a modified filtered-x least mean squares (MFXLMS) algorithm with deterministic periodic input, and a novel variable step size that boosts both the convergence rate and the steady state error. Comprehensive simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.},
keywords={Magnetic recording, Adaptive feedforward;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Convergence rates;  Filtered-X least mean squares;  Hard disk drives;  Repeatable runout;  Steady state errors;  Variable step size, Hard disk storage},
references={Sacks, A.H., Bodson, M., Messner, W., Advanced methods for repeatable runout compensation [disc drives] (1995) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, 31 (2), pp. 1031-1036; Kempf, C., Messner, W., Tomizuka, M., Horowitz, R., Comparison of four discrete-time repetitive control algorithms (1993) IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 13 (6), pp. 48-54},
sponsors={Information Storage Division; Processing Systems Division},
publisher={Web Portal ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)},
isbn={9780791845790},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Information Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Xiong2014,
author={Xiong, S. and Wang, Y. and Zhang, X. and Bogy, D.},
title={A magnetic rotary encoder for patterned media lithography},
journal={ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2014},
year={2014},
doi={10.1115/ISPS2014-6910},
note={cited By 2; Conference of ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2014 ; Conference Date: 23 June 2014 Through 24 June 2014;  Conference Code:108841},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911873639&doi=10.1115%2fISPS2014-6910&partnerID=40&md5=504487bc74162a1575971621be5b6fbf},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA  94720, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is expected to enable the magnetic storage density in hard disk drives (HDDs) beyond 1 Tb/in2. BPM uses isolated magnetic islands to record the data information. However, the large volume fabrication of those patterned media disks at an affordable cost is a challenge for this new technology. A master template is the first step for patterned media fabrication. Using nano-imprint technology, the master template can be replicated to tens of thousands of pattern disks. A rotary electron beam lithography machine or plasmonic nanolithography machine is recommended to assist in the fabrication of the master template. In both systems, a high resolution encoder system for positioning in the rotary lithography machine is necessary. In this paper, a magnetic rotary encoder system is introduced. The encoder system can be operated at several thousand revolution per minute (RPM). The scale pitch is 90 nm which is one to two orders smaller than current optical encoders. The resolution is about 2.8 million counts per revolution (CPR). A flying magnetic head is used to retrieve the readback signal from the magnetic encoders. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is implemented to finish the high speed signal processing and provide a digital format encoder signal to trigger the lithography machine at a rate of several Mega Hertz. Copyright © 2014 by ASME.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication;  Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA);  Hard disk storage;  Magnetism;  Signal processing, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Data informations;  Hard disk drives;  High-speed signal processing;  Magnetic encoders;  Magnetic rotary encoder;  Patterned medias;  Plasmonic nanolithography, Magnetic storage},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), p. R199; Liping, L., Bogy, D.B., Air bearing dynamic stability on bit patterned media disks (2013) Microsystem Technologies, 19 (9-10), pp. 1401-1406; Xiao Min, Y., Toward 1Tdot/ in. 2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610; Kazunori, K., Electron beam lithography method (2006), U.S Patent No 11 Apr; Pan, L., Maskless plasmonic lithography at 22 nm resolution (2011) Sci. Rep, 1, p. 175; Renishaw: Optical Rotary (Angle) Encoders, , www.renishaw.com/en/optical-rotary-angleencoders-6434; Tobita, K., Ohira, T., Kajitani, M., Kanamori, C., Shimojo, M., Ming, A., A rotary encoder based on magneto-optical storage (2005) Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on, 10 (1), pp. 87-97. , Feb; Shaomin, X., Bogy, D., Position error signal generation in hard disk drives based on a field programmable gate array (fpga) (2013) Microsystem Technologies, 19 (9-10), pp. 1307-1311; Xiong, S., Bogy, D.B., Hard disk drive servo system based on field-programmable gate arrays (2014) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 61 (9), pp. 4878-4884. , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Xiong, S.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaUnited States},
sponsors={Information Storage Division; Processing Systems Division},
publisher={Web Portal ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)},
isbn={9780791845790},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Information Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Neumann2014,
author={Neumann, A. and Altwein, D. and Thönnißen, C. and Wieser, R. and Berger, A. and Meyer, A. and Vedmedenko, E. and Peter Oepen, H.},
title={Influence of long-range interactions on the switching behavior of particles in an array of ferromagnetic nanostructures},
journal={New Journal of Physics},
year={2014},
volume={16},
doi={10.1088/1367-2630/16/8/083012},
art_number={083012},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907343851&doi=10.1088%2f1367-2630%2f16%2f8%2f083012&partnerID=40&md5=54678dd1e5d2081423685180b1030366},
affiliation={Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; CIC NanoGUNE Consolider, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, San-Sebastian, E-20018, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao E-48011, Spain},
abstract={The interaction of Co/Pt nanodots is studied by means of the anomalous Hall-effect. On purpose the system of four dots is driven into a state of instability by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the easy axis of magnetization. The dots become susceptible to thermal excitation and correlated switching is observed over large distances. The experimental finding is supported by theoretical simulations that reveal the importance of correlations and their influence at large length scales. This unexpected result sheds light on the general behavior of ensembles of systems with small energy barriers like superparamagnetic ensembles or switching of high density bit pattern media around the switching field. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.},
author_keywords={interaction;  magnetism;  magnetization dynamics;  nanodot;  nanoparticle;  patterned media},
keywords={Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Nanoparticles, Easy axis of magnetization;  Ferromagnetic nanostructures;  interaction;  Long range interactions;  Magnetization dynamics;  Nanodots;  Patterned medias;  Theoretical simulation, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={SFB 668},
references={Plumer, M., Van Ek, J., Weller, D., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , 10.1007/978-3-642-56657-8; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96. , 10.1063/1.3293301 052511; Albrecht, T., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot in-2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 773-778. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2227303 0018-9464; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots in-2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 693-698. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2226566 0018-9464; Pfau, B., Günther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., Origin of magnetic switching field distribution in bit patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99. , 10.1063/1.3623488 062502; Brombacher, C., Grobis, M., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Eriksson, T., Werner, T., Hellwig, O., Albrecht, M., L10 FePtCu bit patterned media (2012) Nanotechnology, 23 (2). , 10.1088/0957-4484/23/2/025301 0957-4484 025301; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95. , 10.1063/1.3276911 262504; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Terris, B., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046 0304-8853; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9, 4th European Workshop on Innovative Mass Storage Technology, Aachen, Germany, on 28-29 September 2004; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939. , 10.1126/science.1157626; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 526-530. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039 0304-8853; Azad, M.R.R., Kobs, A., Beyersdorff, B., Staeck, P., Hoffmann, G., Frömter, R., Oepen, H.P., Magnetostatic interaction of permalloy rectangles exhibiting a Landau state investigated by magnetotransport of single rectangles (2014) Phys. Rev., 90. , 10.1103/physrevb.90.014404 B 014404; Hwang, M., Farhoud, M., Hao, Y., Walsh, M., Savas, T.A., Smith, H.I., Ross, C.A., Major hysteresis loop modeling of two-dimensional arrays of single domain particles (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (5), pp. 3173-3175. , DOI 10.1109/20.908726, PII S0018946400079279; Guslienko, K.Yu., Magnetostatic interdot coupling in two-dimensional magnetic dot arrays (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 75 (3), pp. 394-396; Novosad, V., Guslienko, K., Shima, H., Otani, Y., Kim, S., Fukamichi, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimada, Y., Effect of interdot magnetostatic interaction on magnetization reversal in circular dot arrays (2002) Phys. Rev., 65. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.060402 B 060402(R); Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., Magnetic nanoparticle array with perpendicular crystal magnetic anisotropy (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (12), pp. 8327-8331; Bardou, N., Bartenlian, B., Chappert, C., Megy, R., Veillet, P., Renard, J.P., Rousseaux, F., Meyer, P., Magnetization reversal in patterned Co(0001) ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1996) Journal of Applied Physics, 79 (8 PART 2B), pp. 5848-5850; Nisoli, C., Moessner, R., Schiffer, P., Colloquium: Artificial spin ice: Designing and imaging magnetic frustration (2013) Rev. Mod. Phys., 85, pp. 1473-1490. , 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1473 0034-6861; Budrikis, Z., Morgan, J.P., Akerman, J., Stein, A., Politi, P., Langridge, S., Marrows, C.H., Stamps, R.L., Disorder strength and field-driven ground state domain formation in artificial spin ice: Experiment, simulation, and theory (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett., 109. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.037203 037203; Kapaklis, V., Arnalds, U.B., Harman-Clarke, A., Papaioannou, E.T., Karimipour, M., Korelis, P., Taroni, A., Hjorvarsson, B., Melting artificial spin ice (2012) New J. Phys., 14 (3). , 10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035009 1367-2630 035009; Nisoli, C., On thermalization of magnetic nano-arrays at fabrication (2012) New J. Phys., 14 (3). , 10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035017 1367-2630 035017; Reichhardt, C.J.O., Libal, A., Reichhardt, C., Multi-step ordering in kagome and square artificial spin ice (2012) New J. Phys., 14 (2). , 10.1088/1367-2630/14/2/025006 1367-2630 025006; Silva, R.C., Nascimento, F.S., Mol, L.A.S., Moura-Melo, W.A., Pereira, A.R., Thermodynamics of elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice (2012) New J. Phys., 14 (1). , 10.1088/1367-2630/14/1/015008 1367-2630 015008; Farhan, A., Derlet, P.M., Kleibert, A., Balan, A., Chopdekar, R.V., Wyss, M., Anghinolfi, L., Heyderman, L.J., Exploring hyper-cubic energy landscapes in thermally active finite artificial spin-ice systems (2013) Nat. Phys., 9, pp. 375-382. , 10.1038/nphys2613; Wellhofer, M., Weissenborn, M., Anton, R., Putter, S., Peter Oepen, H., Morphology and magnetic properties of ECR ion beam sputtered Co/Pt films (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 292, pp. 345-358. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.150, PII S0304885304013885; Stillrich, H., Menk, C., Fromter, R., Oepen, H.P., Magnetic anisotropy and spin reorientation in Co/Pt multilayers: Influence of preparation (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, pp. 1353-1356. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.09.039 0304-8853; Carcia, P.F., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pt/Co thin-film layered structures (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63, pp. 5066-5073. , 10.1063/1.340404; Lin, C.-J., Gorman, G.L., Lee, C.H., Farrow, R.F.C., Marinero, E.E., Do, H.V., Notarys, H., Chien, C.J., Magnetic and structural properties of Co/Pt multilayers (1991) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 93, pp. 194-206. , DOI 10.1016/0304-8853(91)90329-9; Johnson, M.T., Bloemen, P.J.H., Den Broeder, F.J.A., De Vries, J.J., Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys., 59 (11), p. 1409. , 10.1088/0034-4885/59/11/002 0034-4885 002; Louail, L., Ounadjela, K., Stamps, R., Temperature-dependent thin-film cone states in epitaxial Co/Pt multilayers (1997) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 167, pp. 189-L199. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(96)00724-X 0304-8853; Lee, J.-W., Jeong, J.-R., Shin, S.-C., Kim, J., Kim, S.-K., Spin-reorientation transitions in ultrathin Co films on Pt(111) and Pd(111) single-crystal substrates (2002) Phys. Rev., 66. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.172409 B 172409; Fromter, R., Stillrich, H., Menk, C., Oepen, H.P., Imaging the cone state of the spin reorientation transition (2008) Physical Review Letters, 100 (20), p. 207202. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.100.207202&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207202; Seu, K.A., Roy, S., Turner, J.J., Park, S., Falco, C.M., Kevan, S.D., Cone phase and magnetization fluctuations in Au/Co/Au thin films near the spin-reorientation transition (2010) Phys. Rev., 82. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.012404 B 012404; Stamps, R.L., Louail, L., Hehn, M., Gester, M., Ounadjela, K., Anisotropies, cone states, and stripe domains in Co/Pt multilayers (1997) Journal of Applied Physics, 81 (8 PART 2B), pp. 4751-4753; Kisielewski, M., Maziewski, A., Tekielak, M., Ferré, J., Lemerle, S., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal processes in Pt/Co/Pt films (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 260, pp. 231-243. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01333-1 0304-8853; Stillrich, H., Menk, C., Fromter, R., Oepen, H.P., Magnetic anisotropy and the cone state in Co/Pt multilayer films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105. , 10.1063/1.3070644 07C308; Kobs, A., (2013) PhD Thesis; Stearns, M., 3d, 4d and 5d elements, alloys and compounds (1986) Landolt-Börnstein - Group III: Condensed Matter, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, pp. 24-141. , 10.1007/b29710; Hurd, C.M., (1972) The Hall Effect in Metals and Alloys, , 10.1007/978-1-4757-0465-5; Neumann, A., Thönnißen, C., Frauen, A., Heße, S., Meyer, A., Oepen, H.P., Probing the magnetic behavior of single nanodots (2013) Nano Lett., 13, pp. 2199-2203. , 10.1021/nl400728r; Alexandrou, M., Nutter, P.W., Delalande, M., De Vries, J., Hill, E.W., Schedin, F., Abelmann, L., Thomson, T., Spatial sensitivity mapping of Hall crosses using patterned magnetic nanostructures (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108. , 10.1063/1.3475485 043920; Cornelissens, Y.G., Peeters, F.M., Response function of a hall magnetosensor in the diffusive regime (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (4), p. 2006. , DOI 10.1063/1.1487909; Webb, B., Schultz, S., Detection of the magnetization reversal of individual interacting single-domain particles within Co-Cr columnar thin-films (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, pp. 3006-3008. , 10.1109/20.92316 0018-9464; Wernsdorfer, W., Bonet Orozco, E., Hasselbach, K., Benoit, A., Barbara, B., Demoncy, N., Loiseau, A., Mailly, D., Experimental evidence of the néel-brown model of magnetization reversal (1997) Physical Review Letters, 78 (9), pp. 1791-1794},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
issn={13672630},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={New J. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2014638,
author={Wang, L. and Yang, C.-H. and Gai, S. and Wen, J.},
title={Current status and future prospects of conventional recording technologies for mass storage applications},
journal={Current Nanoscience},
year={2014},
volume={10},
number={5},
pages={638-659},
doi={10.2174/1573413710666140401181201},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906895254&doi=10.2174%2f1573413710666140401181201&partnerID=40&md5=0fa59bb70f973b8ba2cfe4461c03f85a},
affiliation={School of Information Engineering, Nanchang HangKong University, Nanchang 330063, China},
abstract={The global digital data has increased at an unprecedented rate during the last decade due to the digitization service of every industry as well as the rapid development of information technology. It is therefore timely to enhance the areal density of the mainstream storage devices in order to meet the current storage demand. In this paper, the development history of three major families of storage devices that consist of magnetic hard disk, magnetic tape, and optical disc has been reviewed associated with their respective strength and weakness when utilized for mass storage applications. Several emerging technologies that are likely to expand the areal density of the conventional recording forms beyond the physical limits are subsequently discussed in each case. The perspectives of these three devices used as next generation data storage memory are also compared with each other in terms of the areal density roadmap. According to the comparison, hard disk that is dominating the current mass storage market will still be the favorite candidate for next-generation storage device due to its ultra-high capacity and low cost, particularly with the help of several advanced technologies such as heat assisted magnetic recording and bit patterned media. In spite of much lower capacity than hard disk today, magnetic tape has exhibited an ample margin for booming the storage capacity, and its high stability and flexible removability render it a promising contender for data backup application. The prospect of optical disc seems to be somewhat pessimistic because of the rather slow progress on its capacity and the fairly high cost per GB. It is likely that optical disc will be superseded by the mass storage devices provided that no more innovative technologies than near-field recording and holographic storage emerge in the future. However, the potential merits of optical disc like long life time and portability may offer optical disc a new application that stores important data securely for long term such as official document and government legislation. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  Magnetic hard disk;  Mass storage;  Memory;  Optical disc;  Tape},
keywords={Compact disks;  Data storage equipment;  Digital storage;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetic tape;  Magnetic tape storage;  Magnetism;  Optical data storage;  Tapes;  Virtual storage, Areal densities;  Emerging technologies;  Government legislations;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Innovative technology;  Magnetic hard disks;  Mass storage;  Optical discs, Optical disk storage, polymer, anisotropy;  anisotropy magnetoresistance sensor;  Article;  bit patterned magnetic recording;  compact disk;  controlled study;  cost;  data storage device;  diode laser;  eectron beam lithography;  electric resistance;  electron beam;  giant magnetoresistance sensor;  heat assisted magnetic recording;  information processing;  information storage;  light absorption;  longitudinal magnetic recording;  magnetic hard disk;  magnetic tape;  microwave assisted magnetic recording;  nanoimprint lithography;  optical disk;  perpendicular magnetic recording;  priority journal;  recording;  refraction index;  sensor;  signal noise ratio;  signal processing;  tape recorder;  thermostability;  tunneling magnetoresistance sensor;  two dimensional magnetic recording;  ultraviolet radiation;  videorecording},
funding_details={61201439, 61202319},
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Magn Mater, 324, pp. 244-247; Mao, S.N., Chen, Y.H., Feng, L., Chen, X.F., Xu, B., Lu, P.L., Patwari, M., Ryan, P., Commercial TMR heads for hard disk drives: Characterization and extendibility at 300 gbit/in2 (2006) J. Magn. Magn Mater, 42, pp. 97-102; Takagishi, M., Koi, K., Yoshikawa, M., Funayama, T., Iwasaki, H., Sahashi, M., The applicability of CPP-GMR heads for magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, pp. 2277-2282; Park, K.S., Park, Y.-P., Park, N.-C., Prospect of recording technology for higher storage performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47, pp. 539-545; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 36-42; TDK Tunnels Through Hard Drive Areal Density Record, , http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/01/tdk_areal_density_record/, TDK, (Accessed September 05, 2013); Wang, X.B., Gao, K.Z., Zhou, H., Itagi, A., Seigler, M., Gage, E., HAMR recording limitations and extendibility (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 686-692; Wu, A.Q., Kubota, Y., Klemmer, T., Rausch, T., Peng, C.B., Peng, Y.G., Karns, D., Gage, E., HAMR areal density demonstration of 1+Tbpsi on spinstand (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49, pp. 779-782; McDaniel, T.W., Areal density limitation in bit-patterned, heatassisted magnetic recording using FePtX media (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 112, pp. 093910-093920; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G.P., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Ma, Y.S., Chen, X.Y., Zhao, J.M., Yu, S.K., Liu, B., Seet, H.L., Ng, K.K., Shi, J.Z., Experimental study of lubricant depletion in heat assisted magnetic recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48, pp. 1813-1818; Zhou, N., Kinzel, E.C., Xu, X.F., Nanoscale ridge aperture as nearfield transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2011) Appl. 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correspondence_address1={Wang, L.; School of Information Engineering, Nanchang HangKong UniversityChina; email: LeiWang@nchu.edu.cn},
publisher={Bentham Science Publishers B.V.},
issn={15734137},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Curr. Nanosci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Talbot2014,
author={Talbot, J.E. and Kalezhi, J. and Barton, C. and Heldt, G. and Miles, J.},
title={Write errors in bit-patterned media: The importance of parameter distribution tails},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={8},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2014.2308481},
art_number={6748953},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906535749&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2014.2308481&partnerID=40&md5=56baaab29c0366f24a1246c9298dcc65},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a magnetic data storage solution where the medium is patterned into nanoscale islands, each representing one bit of data. Write errors can occur in BPMR, especially where islands have position, shape, or magnetic properties that are very different from the mean, i.e., those islands in the tails of any parameter probability density functions (PDFs). We have used a model of BPMR that incorporates variable shape parameter PDFs to study write errors. This shows that the precise shape of the tails of the distributions is critical in determining the error performance. We conclude that when characterizing samples of media for BPMR, it is not sufficient to assume a Gaussian distribution and determine the mean and standard deviation by fitting; the tails of parameter PDFs must be characterized precisely. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  exchange coupled composite (ECC);  magnetic recording;  write window},
keywords={Errors;  Probability density function, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Exchange coupled;  Mean and standard deviations;  Parameter distributions;  Probability density functions (PDFs);  Write windows, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321 (6), pp. 485-494. , Mar; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (10), pp. 3752-3759. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., A statistical model of write-errors in bit patterned media (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111 (5), p. 053926; JMAG International, , http://www.jmag-international.com/, (Feb. 2012.) Sunrise FL USA; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., An energy barrier model for write errors in exchange-spring patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2540-2543. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (10), pp. 3752-3759. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn, 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Talbot, J.E.; School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: jennifer.talbot-2@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Juang20141745,
author={Juang, J.-Y. and Wu, W. and Lin, K.-T.},
title={Tribological impact of touchdown detection on bit patterned media robustness},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2014},
volume={20},
number={8-9},
pages={1745-1751},
doi={10.1007/s00542-014-2228-2},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905083345&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-014-2228-2&partnerID=40&md5=64acae0f98ee6a2ea065ebcc5112f129},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan},
abstract={Touchdown detection by thermal-flying height control (TFC) has been implemented to calibrate flying height (FH) of magnetic sliders for all hard disk drives. For bit patterned media (BPM) to be successful as a revolutionary technology to further increase recording areal density, it must experience the touchdown process with similar robustness as conventional continuous media. Here we numerically study the tribological impact of TFC touchdown detection on the continuous media and unplanarized BPM by three-dimensional (3D) transient finite-element models with the frictional heating and thermal-elastic-plastic materials included. Our results demonstrate that the continuous media exhibits no plastic deformation due to the TFC touchdown with an over-push as large as 2 nm, whereas the plastic strain of the BPM may reach 3 % at higher sliding velocities, and it exists over a wide range of bulge radius and disk velocity. Such plastic deformation can lead to permanent media damage and data loss. Besides, the temperature rise of the BPM (∼27 K) is approximately 1.3 times of that of the continuous media (∼21 K), and may have to be considered when designing a robust head-disk interface for BPM. Although planarization may improve slider's flyability performance, our analysis shows that planarizing BPM with SiO2 deteriorates the tribological robustness of the media in particular at a high disk velocity probably due to the inhomogeneous composition and mismatch of material properties between the filling material and recording material. Hence extreme caution must be exercised when choosing a filling material. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
keywords={Elastoplasticity;  Finite element method;  Hard disk storage;  Plastic deformation, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Finite-element models;  Head disk interface;  Inhomogeneous composition;  Recording materials;  Revolutionary technology;  Sliding velocities, Tribology},
funding_details={National Science CouncilNational Science Council, NSC, 101-2221-E-002-151, NSC 102-2221-E-002-178},
funding_text 1={This work is supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Contract NSC 101-2221-E-002-151 and NSC 102-2221-E-002-178.},
references={Crone, R., Dagastine, R.R., White, L.R., Van der Waals interactions between the air-bearing surface and a lubricated glass disk: A comparative study (2006) Appl Phys Lett, 88, p. 022509. , 10.1063/1.2164898 10.1063/1.2164898; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320Gb/in[sup 2] (2010) Appl Phys Lett, 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166 10.1063/1.3304166; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Controlled-flying proximity sliders for head-media spacing variation suppression in ultralow (2005) IEEE Trans Magn, 41, pp. 3052-3054. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855255; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Nonlinear compensator design for active sliders to suppress head-disk spacing modulation in hard disk drives (2006) IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron, 11, pp. 256-264. , 10.1109/TMECH.2006.875563; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Air-bearing effects on actuated thermal pole-tip protrusion for hard disk drives (2007) J Tribol, 129, p. 570. , 10.1115/1.2736456 10.1115/1.2736456; Juang, J.-Y., Lin, K.-T., Touchdown of flying recording head sliders on continuous and patterned media (2013) IEEE Trans Magn, 49, pp. 2477-2482. , 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2249054 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2249054; Juang, J.-Y., Chen, D., Bogy, D.B., Alternate air bearing slider designs for areal density of 1 Tb/in 2 (2006) IEEE Trans Magn, 42, pp. 241-246. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.861739; Juang, J.-Y., Nakamura, T., Knigge, B., Numerical and experimental analyses of nanometer-scale flying height control of magnetic head with heating element (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44, pp. 3679-3682. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002612 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002612; Juang, J.-Y., Forrest, J., Huang, F.-Y., Magnetic head protrusion profiles and wear pattern of thermal flying-height control sliders with different heater designs (2011) IEEE Trans Magn, 47, pp. 3437-3440. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2147773 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2147773; Lee, K.M., Yeo, C.-D., Polycarpou, A., Nanomechanical property and nanowear measurements for sub-10-nm thick films in magnetic storage (2006) Exp Mech, 47, pp. 107-121. , 10.1007/s11340-006-9393-x 10.1007/s11340-006-9393-x; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsyst Technol, 17, pp. 805-812. , 10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9 10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9; Li, L., Song, W., Zhang, C., Investigation of thermo-mechanical contact between slider and bit patterned media (2012) Microsyst Technol, 18, pp. 1567-1574. , 10.1007/s00542-012-1593-y 10.1007/s00542-012-1593-y; Mate, C.M., Ruiz, O.J., Wang, R.-H., Tribological challenges of flying recording heads over unplanarized patterned media (2012) IEEE Trans Magn, 48, pp. 4448-4451. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2205226 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2205226; Nunez, E.E., Yeo, C., Katta, R.R., Polycarpou, A.A., Effect of planarization on the contact behavior of patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44, pp. 3667-3670. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002593; Ono, K., Nakagawa, K., Dynamic adhesion characteristics of spherical sliders colliding with stationary magnetic disks with a thin lubricant layer (2008) Tribol Lett, 31, pp. 77-89. , 10.1007/s11249-008-9340-3 10.1007/s11249-008-9340-3; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Simulation of magnetic erasure due to transient slider-disk contacts (2010) IEEE Trans Magn, 46, pp. 770-777. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2035092 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2035092; Su, L., Hu, Y., Lam, E.L., Tribological and dynamic study of head disk interface at sub-1-nm clearance (2011) IEEE Trans Magn, 47, pp. 111-116. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2080666; Yang, Y., Detailed modeling of temperature rise in giant magnetoresistive sensor during an electrostatic discharge event (2004) J Appl Phys, 95, p. 6780. , 10.1063/1.1652426 10.1063/1.1652426; Zeng, Q., Yang, C., Ka, S., Cha, E., (2011) An Experimental and Simulation Study of Touchdown Dynamics, 47, pp. 3433-3436},
correspondence_address1={Juang, J.-Y.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; email: jiayang@ntu.edu.tw},
publisher={Springer Verlag},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu2014,
author={Wu, T. and Armand, M.A. and Cruz, J.R.},
title={Detection-decoding on BPMR channels with written-in error correction and ITI mitigation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2281779},
art_number={2281779},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904368468&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2281779&partnerID=40&md5=b6baf15c0b2a0d3bd639270cf12fe666},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States},
abstract={Written-in errors and inter-track interference (ITI) are recognized as key and unique performance-limiting factors in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). Hence, in this paper, we consider data recovery on a BPMR channel model consisting of a write channel producing data-dependent written-in errors followed by a partial response read channel with the addition of ITI. The Davey-MacKay (DM) serial concatenated coding scheme is employed to handle the written-in errors while multi-track (MT) detection and 2D-equalization are used to mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and ITI. Three detection-inner-decoding schemes are proposed to work with an outer decoder to recover the data on the BPMR channel, namely the BCJR-binary-input-inner-decoder (BCJR-BIID) algorithm, the joint detection-inner-decoder (JDD) algorithm and the BCJR-soft-input-inner-decoder (BCJR-SIID) algorithm. Media configurations leading to areal densities of 2.64 Tb/in2 and 4 Tb/in2 with comparable ISI but significantly higher ITI in the latter case are considered. Computer simulations show that at low to moderate (resp., high) signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), BCJR-SIID (resp., BCJR-BIID) provides good performance-complexity trade-offs. It is also shown that increasing the areal density from 2.64 Tb/in2 to 4 Tb/in2 while the written-in error rates remain fixed, does not significantly affect error performance on the BPMR channel. Rather, it is the burst errors preceding and following an insertion or deletion that has a significant impact on performance. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Channel detection;  Davey-MacKay (DM) construction;  Inter-track interference;  Written-in errors},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Decoding;  Error correction;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Intersymbol interferences (ISI);  Performance-limiting factors;  Serial concatenated coding;  Written-in errors, Channel coding},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 1218452},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Zhang, S.H., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B.J., Qin, Z.L., Foo, S.M., Songhua, Z., Siang-Meng, F., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Zhang, S., Cai, K., Lin-Yu, M., Zhang, J., Qin, Z., Teo, K.K., Wong, W.E., Ong, E.T., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Fatih, E.M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, pp. 1910-1914. , Dec; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Mag., 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Ng, Y.B., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Mercier, H., Bhargava, V.K., Tarokh, V., A survey of error-correcting codes for channels with symbol synchronization errors (2010) IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., 12 (1), pp. 87-96. , Jan; Mansour, M.F., Member, S., Tewfik, A.H., Convolutional decoding in the presence of synchronization errors (2010) IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., 28 (2), pp. 218-227. , Feb; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun., 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., Soft-input inner decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction (2012) IEEE Commun. Lett., 16 (5), pp. 722-725. , May; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., Jiao, X., On Reed-Solomon codes as outer codes in the Davey-MacKay construction for channels with insertions and deletions 8th Int. Conf. Inform., Commun. And Signal Processing (ICICS), Dec. 2011, pp. 1-5; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., Interleaved LDPC codes, reduced-complexity inner decoder and an iterative decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, St. Petersburg, Russia, Jul./Aug. 2011, pp. 742-746; Briffa, J., Schaathun, H., Wesemeyer, S., An improved decoding algorithm for the Davey-MacKay construction Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Cape Town, South Africa, May 2010, pp. 1-5; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., On a reduced-complexity inner decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction (2012) J. ETRI, 34 (4), pp. 637-640. , Aug; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun, Glasgow, Scotland, Jun. 2007, pp. 6249-6254; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Wu, T., Armand, M., Joint and separate detection-decoding on bpmr channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3779-3782. , Jul; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channels with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Iyengar, A., Siegel, P., Wolf, J., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel Proc. 47th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing, Sep./Oct. 2009, pp. 620-627; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2004.839541; Richardson, T.J., Urbanke, R.L., The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 599-618. , DOI 10.1109/18.910577, PII S0018944801007374; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2551-2554. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Armand, M.A.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; email: eleama@nus.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suharyadi2014,
author={Suharyadi, E. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={Controlling the magnetic properties of Cr-implanted Co/Pt multilayer films using ion irradiation for planar patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={1},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2279272},
art_number={2279272},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904301578&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2279272&partnerID=40&md5=2825ebf5792d2e691df7c0d3802aebb4},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Japan},
abstract={We have investigated the modification of the microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayer films with various layer structures using ion beam irradiation. Cr/[Co/Pt] multilayer films prepared by a magnetron sputtering deposition on a surface oxidized Si substrate were irradiated by 30 keV Kr + ion beam with various ion doses from 1 x 1014 to 5 x 1015 ions/cm2. The modifications of magnetic properties and microstructures due to Kr+ ion irradiation depended on Co/Pt layer structures. The as-prepared [Co(0.4 nm)/Pt(0.45 nm)]15 multilayer films were confirmed to exhibit the square shaped M-H loop and the perpendicular easy axis with a saturation magnetization of 620 emu/cc and coercivity of 1.1 kOe. After the irradiation with ion dose of 5 x 10 15 ions/cm2, the easy axis changes from perpendicular to in-plane direction. The coercivity and saturation magnetization decrease down to 2% and 13% of its original values, respectively. The decrease of coercivity and saturation magnetization is due to the implantation of the Cr atom in the top most layers into Co/Pt multilayer films caused by Kr+ ion irradiation, as confirmed from Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiles. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Atom implantation;  Co/Pt multilayers;  Ion beam irradiation;  Planar bit patterned media},
keywords={Auger electron spectroscopy;  Coercive force;  Ion beams;  Ions;  Microstructure;  Multilayer films;  Radiation;  Saturation magnetization;  Solids, Atom implantation;  Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pt multilayer;  Ion beam irradiation;  Magnetic properties of co;  Magnetron-sputtering deposition;  Properties and microstructures, Irradiation},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 24656229},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation - Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) Journal of Applied Physics, 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849. , DOI 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-Beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Blon, T., Ben, A.G., Ousset, J.-C., Pecassou, B., Claverie, A., Snoeck, E., Magnetic easy-axis switching in Co/Pt and Co/Au superlattices induced by nitrogen ion beam irradiation (2007) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 257 (1-2 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 374-378. , DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.264, PII S0168583X07000523; Urbaniak, M., Stobiecki, F., Engel, D., Szymanski, B., Ehresmann, A., Selective modification of magnetic properties of Co/sub 1//Au/Co/sub 2//Au multilayers by He ion bombardment (2009) Acta Phys. Pol. A, 115, pp. 326-328. , Jan; Folks, L., Fontana, R.E., Gurney, B.A., Childress, J.R., Maat, S., Katine, J.A., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Localized magnetic modification of permalloy using Cr+ ion implantation (2003) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 36, pp. 2601-2604. , Nov; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt 3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117-07C119. , Mar; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, pp. 053908-053911. , Sep; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H.S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large kerr rotation in ordered CrPt3 films (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, pp. 3149-3151. , Jun; Hinoue, T., Ono, T., Inaba, H., Iwane, T., Yakushiji, H., Chayahara, A., Fabrication of discrete track media by Cr ion implantation (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 1584-1586. , Oct; Kim, S., Lee, S., Ko, J., Son, J., Kim, M., Kang, S., Hong, J., Nanoscale patterning of complex magnetic nanostructures by reduction with low-energy protons (2012) Nature Nanotechnol., 7, pp. 567-571. , Sep; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Winklhofer, M., Shull, R.D., Liu, K., Frustration driven stripe domain formation in Co/Pt multilayer films (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, pp. 022505-022507. , Jul; Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P., Littmark, W., (1985) The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, , New York, NY, USA: Pergamon},
correspondence_address1={Suharyadi, E.; Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; email: esuharyadi@ugm.ac.id},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kovintavewat201458,
author={Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Investigation of graph-based detection in iterative decoding for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2014},
volume={979},
pages={58-61},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.979.58},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 5th International Conference on Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy, I-SEEC 2013 ; Conference Date: 18 December 2013 Through 20 December 2013;  Conference Code:106256},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904195815&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.979.58&partnerID=40&md5=b19837ec37a027e171ec7c5a77ba0489},
affiliation={Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand},
abstract={High-density bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) can be obtained by reducing the spacing between data bitislands in both the along- and across-track directions, thus leading to severe intersymbol interference (ISI) and intertrack interference (ITI) because of small bit and track pitches, respectively. Here, we propose to use the graph-based detector, instead of the trellis-based detector, in iterative decoding to combat the ISI and the ITI for a multi-head multi-track BPMR system. Specifically, the readback signal is sent to the graph-based detector before iteratively exchanging the soft information with a decoder. Experimental results indicate that at low to moderate complexity, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes, especially at high recording density. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Graph-based detection;  Iterative decoding;  Turbo equalization},
keywords={Detectors;  Graphic methods;  Intersymbol interference;  Iterative decoding, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Graph-based detection;  Graph-based detectors;  Inter-track interferences;  Moderate complexity;  Trellis-based detectors;  Turbo equalizations, Magnetic recording},
references={Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack inter-ference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2274-2276; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 3639-3647; Koonkarnkhai, S., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Iterative decoding for high-density bitpatterned media recording (2012) Procedia Engineering, 32, pp. 323-328; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer with conventional Viterbi detector for patterned media (2007) Proc. ICC, pp. 6249-6254; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3691-3694; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels (2008) EURASIP Adv. Signal Process, , 10.1155/2008/738281; Gallager, R., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, pp. 21-28},
correspondence_address1={Kovintavewat, P.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat UniversityThailand; email: piya@npru.ac.th},
sponsors={},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
address={Kanchanaburi},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783038351450},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2014,
title={5th International Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy Conference, I-SEEC 2013},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2014},
volume={979},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 5th International Conference on Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy, I-SEEC 2013 ; Conference Date: 18 December 2013 Through 20 December 2013;  Conference Code:106256},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904193423&partnerID=40&md5=00ecec79c19931ba0314ea5a91f6d1b0},
abstract={The proceedings contain 123 papers. The special focus in this conference is on science, social science, engineering and energy conference. The topics include: Micro plasma source design using WGMs a PANDA ring; drying pineapple using a mix mode solar dryer; detection of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits using piezoelectric crystal biosensor; physical parameters for a contact binary AY Aquarius; analysis of neutron flux measurement in Thai research reactor-1/modification 1 using the Monte Carlo method; a fabrication of galvanic cell from pineapple peel residue in agricultural industries; quantum field theory viewpoint of refractive index; an electricity generator model by the water delivery system of sanitary ware; an improved TA suppression method for coded PR channels; baseline popping detection and correction algorithms for perpendicular magnetic recording system; trellis-based detecting the insertion and deletion bits for bit-patterned media recording; treatment of wastewater using porous ceramics of hydroxyapatite; combined coding algorithm of LDPC codes in bit-patterned media recording channels; measurement of sound speed in liquid using optical approach; the direct ethanol fuel cell performance; yellowish-brown pigment with high near infrared reflective; effect of surface fluorination on photocatalytic activity of titania nano-powder; investigation on physical and optical properties of vanadium oxide in soda lime borate glasses; impact modification of wood plastic composite from acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile and bagasse; waste silicon carbide as filler for natural rubber compounds; antagonism of natural anti- and pro-oxidants in synthetic polyisoprene rubber vulcanizates; structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method; angular and intensity distributions on multiple scattering of 662 keV gamma photons in aluminium; a facile fynthesis of ZnS nanostructures via liquid-solid reactions; a simple method for large-scale synthesis of nano-sized zinc sulfide; investigation on nanostructure and morphologies of ZnO nanowires prepared by hydrothermal method; fabrication of tantalum oxide nanorods by DC magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition; structure and magnetic properties of co-substituted strontium hexaferrite; effect of annealing temperature on ZnO nanorods prepared by hydrothermal process; the study on zero-temperature gap of superconductor having the coexistence of SDW and CDW; low-cost and fast production of nano-silica from rice husk ash; the study on surface critical magnetic field of a layered magnetic superconductors; the preparation and characterization of Y235 superconductor and Y235 doped fluorine; synthesis and characterization of BNKT/ZnO ferroelectric lead-free nanocomposites; physical and gamma-ray shielding properties of strontium borosilicate glasses; vertically aligned Ag nanorod arrays for trace cypermethrin detection; a study on composition of plaster waste from ornament factory; fabrication and investigation some properties of NiO doped borosilicate glasses; light yield non-proportionality and energy resolution of BGO and CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals; effect of current at aluminum target on the AZO thin films by DC magnetron sputtering; relationship of pressure and plasma temperature in plasma DC glow discharge; London penetration depth of Fe-based superconductors; thermal and structural of methyl cellulose; physical and thermal properties of Chitosan; studying methylcellulose-base edible films properties by XRD, EDXRF and FTIR; effect of heat treatment on phase-formation behavior of agricultural material; the plastic deformation mechanism in single point incremental forming process; formability of tailored welded blanks in single point incremental forming process; thermoelectric power generator module of ceramic materials; carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple peel; fabrication of glass furnace for research scale; temperature difference of thermoelectric module on PIC-microcontroller; the study of cook-stove thermoelectric generator power; design of commercial window as radiation shielding using domestic raw materials; analysis of effective numerical aperture in 2-D photonic crystal waveguide; phase-shifting interferometry for surface roughness measurement on glass substrates; expansion of free spectral range in an optical double ring resonator; multi wavelength generated by PANDA ring resonator for multi user DWDM WiMAX network; a study of triple ring resonator behavior for optical communication; a new design optical tweezers by triple ring resonator; high frequency generation based-on nonlinear micro ring resonator for frequency band enhancement and determination of sucrose concentrates using ellipsometry technique and transmission spectroscopy.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
address={Kanchanaburi},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783038351450},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Prasartkaew201470,
author={Prasartkaew, C. and Kovintavewat, P. and Choomchuay, S.},
title={Combined coding algorithm of LDPC codes in bit-patterned media recording channels},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2014},
volume={979},
pages={70-74},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.979.70},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 5th International Conference on Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy, I-SEEC 2013 ; Conference Date: 18 December 2013 Through 20 December 2013;  Conference Code:106256},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904178884&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.979.70&partnerID=40&md5=72d77033717ad537bb0524f383d586c8},
affiliation={Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Thunyaburi, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand},
abstract={This paper presents a new coding algorithm of irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. This algorithm consists of two parts of block codes; parity bits was encoded using the magic square based algorithm (MSBA) which suitable for the short block (less than 500 bits) and the data bits, the rest part of all block codes, was encoded using the random number table. This proposed coding algorithm is called 'Combined Coding Algorithm LDPC codes (CCA-LDPC codes)' which can be used in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) channels. The performance of the constructed codes was numerically simulated in BPMR channels model. The obtained performance of the proposed codes was compared with the comparable existing codes. The simulation results show that, at a block length of 4110 bit and code rate of 0.9, the proposed CCALDPC codes yields better performance than the existing ones, especially at high signal-to-noise ratio scenario. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Irregular LDPC codes;  Magic square based algorithm;  Random number table},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Communication channels (information theory);  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Number theory, Better performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  High signal-to-noise ratio;  Irregular LDPC codes;  Irregular low-density parity-check codes;  Magic square;  Random Numbers, Algorithms},
references={Gallager, R., Low-density Parity-check Code (1962) IRE Transaction Information Theory, pp. 21-28; Mackay, D.J.C., Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices (1999) IEEE Transaction Information Theory, 45 (2), pp. 399-431; Blaum, M., Farrell, P., van Tilborg, H., (1998) Array Codes In Handbook of Coding Theory, , V. S. Pless and W. C. Huffiman Eds., Elsevier; Prasartkaew, C., Choomchuay, S., A design of parity check matrix for short irregular LDPC codes via magic square based algorithm (2013) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology (IJECET), 4 (1), pp. 146-160; Prasartkaew, C., Kovintavewat, P., Choomchuay, S., (2013) Parity-Check Matrix Construction of LDPC Codes In Bit-Patterned Media Recording Channels Using Tippett's Random Number Table,Proceeding IEEE TENCON; http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/CodesFiles.html; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing For Bit-patterned Media Channel With Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing For Bit-patterned Media Recording, , Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, San Diego; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, , 2nd edition. MA: Kluwer},
sponsors={},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
address={Kanchanaburi},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783038351450},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koonkarnkhai201454,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Kovintavewat, P. and Keeratiwintakorn, P.},
title={Trellis-based detecting the insertion and deletion bits for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2014},
volume={979},
pages={54-57},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.979.54},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 5th International Conference on Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy, I-SEEC 2013 ; Conference Date: 18 December 2013 Through 20 December 2013;  Conference Code:106256},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904163627&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.979.54&partnerID=40&md5=f90f57ae7cb8a207be778a52529ea8ff},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies for realizing an areal density up to 4 Tb/in2; however, it poses new challenges to read channel design, including the two-dimensional (2D) interference, media noise, and track mis-registration. Furthermore, the BPMR system encounters the insertion, deletion and substitution errors, which are primarily caused by mis-synchronization between the write clock and the island positions. In this paper, we propose a novel detection method that exploits the trellis structure to detect the occurrence of insertion/deletion bits. Specifically, the specific marker bits are inserted periodically inside an input data sequence before recording onto a magnetic medium. Hence, the branch metric calculation is monitored during the marker bits to determine if there is any insertion/deletion error in the system. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can performs better than the conventional one in terms of the percentage of detection and the percentage of missed detection and false-alarm, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio scenario. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Insertion and deletion errors;  Write synchronization},
keywords={Errors;  Numerical methods, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Detection methods;  Insertion and deletion errors;  Low signal-to-noise ratio;  Metric calculation;  Missed detections;  Track misregistration, Magnetic recording},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3816-3822; Ng, Y., Vijaya Kummar, B.V.K., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift code for bitpatterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46, pp. 2268-2271; Sellers, F., Bit loss and gain correction code (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, 8, pp. 35-38; Kuznetsov, A.V., Erden, M.F., (2010) US Patent 7787208, pp. B2; Koonkarnkhai, S., Kovintavewat, P., Keeratiwintakorn, P., Iterative Decoding With Insertion and Deletion Errors For Bit-patterned Media Recording Channels (2013) Proc. ITC-CSCC, pp. 710-713; Varshamov, R.R., Tenengolts, G.M., Codes which correct single asymmetric errors (1965) J. of Automation and Remote Control, 26, pp. 286-290; Forney, G.D., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory IT-18, pp. 363-378},
sponsors={},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
address={Kanchanaburi},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783038351450},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaewrawang20141255,
author={Kaewrawang, A.},
title={L10-CoPt bit patterned media with tilted easy axis for ultrahigh areal density over 2.5 Tb/in2},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2014},
volume={931-932},
pages={1255-1259},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.931-932.1255},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 5th KKU International Engineering Conference 2014, KKU-IENC 2014 ; Conference Date: 27 March 2014 Through 29 March 2014;  Conference Code:105355},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901480508&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.931-932.1255&partnerID=40&md5=b550b052bbad3bbe28507d1fa89ef91b},
affiliation={Magnetic Materials and Data Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand},
abstract={Ultrahigh areal density is the key target of hard disk drive technology. Hence, writing field strength from head and switching field, Hsw, of media should be improved. In this work, we propose the one of alternative method to increase data density and reduce Hsw of the media by using tilted easy axis technology for bit patterned media (BPM) at areal density beyond 2.5 Tb/in2. Moreover, transition noise and superparamagnetic limit have been eliminated owing to characteristics of BPM. The effect of exchange coupled between adjacent bits, Adot, of tilted easy axis of BPM is analyzed by micromagnetic simulation software - the object oriented micromagnetic framework based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The BPM with tilted easy axis perform clearly the reduction of Hsw below perpendicular media and available writing head field. The Adot of BPM has no effect on decreasing Hsw. Anisotropy and Zeeman energy density of BPM with tilted easy axis are higher and lower than perpendicular BPM, respectively. Thereby, BPM with tilted easy axis have high potentiality to improve Hsw of media at ultrahigh data density. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Switching field;  Tilted easy axis},
keywords={Materials, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Easy axis;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Switching field, Materials science},
references={Wood, R., Future hard disk drive systems (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321, pp. 555-561; Judy, J.H., Advancements in PMR thin-film media (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 16-21; Kanai, Y., Greaves, S.J., Yamakawa, K., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., A single-poletype head design for 400 Gb/in2 recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 687-695; Jiang, H., Sin, K., Chen, Y., High moment soft FeCoN/NiFe laminated thin films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 2896-2898; Tipcharoen, W., Kaewrawang, A., Siritaratiwat, A., Tonmitra, K., Investigation on magnetic properties of L10-FePt graded media multilayer (2013) Adv. Mat. Res, 802, pp. 189-193; Ross, C., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res, 31, pp. 203-235; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2142-2144; Wang, J.P., Zou, Y.Y., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Zheng, Y.F., Approaches to tilted magnetic recording for extremely high areal density (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, pp. 1930-1935; Cheng, X.Z., Jalil, M.B.A., Micromagnetic study of intergranular exchange coupling in tilted perpendicular media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3115-3117; Gavrila, H., New solutions for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2006) J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater, 8, pp. 449-454; Hnin, Y.Y.K., Suzuki, T., Singh, A.K., Perpendicular magnetic recording media (FePt-Fe3Pt)/MgO with tilted easy axis (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2354-2356; Varvaro, G., Agostinelli, E., Laureti, S., Testa, A.M., Generosi, A., Paci, B., Albertini, V.R., Study of magnetic easy axis 3-D arrangment in L10 CoPt(111)/Pt(111)/MgO(100) tilted system for perpendicular recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, pp. 643-647; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., Magnetic multilayers on nanospheres (2005) Nature Mater, 4, pp. 203-206; Zou, Y.Y., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Tilted media in a perpendicular recording system for high areal density recording (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, pp. 2473-2475; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., http://math.nist.gov/oommf, OOMMF User's Guide, Release 1.2a3, [EB/OL]., October 30, 2002; Hu, R., Soh, A.K., Zheng, G.P., Ni, Y., Micromagnetic modeling studies on the effects of stress on magnetization reversal and dynamic hysteresis (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 301, pp. 458-468; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 240, pp. 599-642; Wang, J.P., Tilting for the top (2005) Nature Mater, 4, pp. 191-192; Takahoshi, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., MFM analysis of magnetization process in CoPt dot-array (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 272-276, pp. 1313-1315; Iida, S., Iwasaki, S., Iwama, Y., Kobayashi, H., Yoshihumi, Y., Nagashima, T., Watanabe, A., (1976) Hard Magnetic Materials, , Maruzen publishers, Tokyo, in Japanese},
correspondence_address1={Kaewrawang, A.; Magnetic Materials and Data Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; email: arkom@elec.kku.ac.th},
sponsors={CP; et al; Lighting and Equipment; MITR PHOL; SC - Strong Crete; TCEB},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications},
address={Khon Kaen},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783038350903},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tobing2014496,
author={Tobing, L.Y.M. and Tjahjana, L. and Zhang, D.H.},
title={Sub-10-nm size and sub-40-nm pitch metal dot patterning for low-cost bit patterned media application},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology},
year={2014},
volume={13},
number={3},
pages={496-501},
doi={10.1109/TNANO.2014.2307574},
art_number={6747299},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901027869&doi=10.1109%2fTNANO.2014.2307574&partnerID=40&md5=f2bd3235285eb45b51bb6b30b81c2923},
affiliation={Department of Microelectronics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore},
abstract={This paper presents the capability of sonicated cold development process for sub-40-nm pitch metal dots patterning with potentially ∼100 times shorter writing time, where lift-off pattern transfer of ∼10-nm-sized metal dots at pitch as short as ∼34 nm from 110-nm-thick positive-tone resist is demonstrated with good repeatability. Strategies to achieve sub-30-nm pitch are also discussed based on overlay nanofabrication approaches, which we believe could pave the way toward cost-effective 1 Tbit/in 2 bit-patterned-media patterning. © 2002-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  electron beam lithography (EBL);  nanofabrication;  sonicated cold development;  sub-15-nm metal dots},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Nanotechnology, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Development process;  Pattern transfers;  Positive-tone resists;  sonicated cold development;  sub-15-nm metal dots, Metals},
funding_details={NRF-G-CRP2007-01},
references={Ross, C.A., Patternedmagnetic recordingmedia (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A novel approach to addressable 4 teradot/in2 patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Choi, C., Noh, K., Kuru, C., Chen, L.-H., Seong, T.-Y., Jin, S., Fabrication of patterned magnetic nanomaterials for data storage media (2012) JOM., 64, pp. 1165-1173; Kiravittaya, S., Rastelli, A., Schmidt, O.G., Advanced quantum dot configurations (2009) Rep. Prog. Phys., 72, pp. 0465021-0465034; Tobing, L.Y.M., Tjahjana, L., Zhang, D.H., Zhang, Q., Xiong, Q., Deep subwavelength fourfold rotationally symmetric split-ring-resonator metamaterials for highly sensitive and robust biosensing platform (2013) Sci. Rep., 3, pp. 24371-24376; Linden, S., Enkrich, C., Wegener, M., Zhou, J., Koschny, T., Soukoulis, C.M., Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 terahertz (2004) Science, 306 (5700), pp. 1351-1353. , DOI 10.1126/science.1105371; Vazquez-Mena, O., Sannomiya, T., Villanueva, L.G., Voros, J., Brugger, J., Metallic nanodot arrays by stencil lithography for plasmonic biosensing applications (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 844-853; Carcenac, F., Vleu, C., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., Manin-Ferlazzo, L., Launois, H., Fabrication of high density nanostructures gratings (500 Gbit per in2 ) used as molds for nanoimprint lithography (2000) Microelectron. Eng., 53, pp. 163-166; Okada, T., Fujimori, J., Iida, T., Nanoimprint molds with circumferentially aligned patterns fabricated by liftoff process (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 1265021-1265026; Yan, M., Choi, S., Subramanian, K.R.V., Adesida, I., The effects of molecular weight on the exposure characteristics of poly(methylmethacrylate) developed at low temperatures (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2306-2310; Ocola, L.E., Stein, A., Effect of cold development on improvement in electron-beam nanopatterning resolution and line roughness (2006) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24 (6), pp. 3061-3065. , DOI 10.1116/1.2366698; Cord, B., Lutkenhaus, J., Berggren, K.K., Optimal temperature for development of poly(methylmethacrylate) (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2013-2016. , DOI 10.1116/1.2799978; Dai, C.-A., Wu, Y.-L., Lee, Y.-H., Chang, C.-J., Su, W.-F., Fabrication of 2D ordered structure of self-assembled block copolymers containing gold nanoparticles (2006) Journal of Crystal Growth, 288 (1), pp. 128-136. , DOI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.12.055, PII S0022024805015472, International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies; Kundu, S., Ganesan, R., Gaur, N., Saifullah, M.S.M., Hussain, H., Yang, H., Bhatia, C.S., Effect of angstrom-scale surface roughness on the selfassembly of polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (2012) Sci. Rep., 2, pp. 6171-6178; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russel, T.P., Macroscopic 10-terabit-per-square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1030-1033; Mela, P., Gorzolnik, B., Buckins, M., Mourran, A., Mayer, J., Moller, M., Low-ion-dose FIB modification of monomicellar layers for the creation of highly ordered metal nanodot arrays (2007) Small, 3 (8), pp. 1368-1373. , DOI 10.1002/smll.200600338; Shin, K., Leach, K.A., Goldbach, J.T., Kim, D.H., Jho, J.Y., Tuominen, M., Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., A simple route to metal nanodots and nanoporous metal films (2002) Nano Letters, 2 (9), pp. 933-936. , DOI 10.1021/nl0256560; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Templated self-assembly of block copolymer: Effect of substrate topography (2003) Adv. Mater., 15, pp. 1599-1602; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Ross, C.A., Pattern registration between spherical block-copolymer domains and topographical templates (2006) Advanced Materials, 18 (5), pp. 597-601. , DOI 10.1002/adma.200501936; Black, C.T., Bezencenet, O., Nanometer-scale pattern registration and alignment by directed diblock copolymer self-assembly (2004) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 3 (3), pp. 412-415. , Sep; Manfrinato, V.R., Wanger, D.D., Strasfeld, D.B., Han, H.-S., Marsili, F., Arieta, J.P., Mentzel, T.S., Bergren, K.K., Controlled placement of colloidal quantum dots in sub-15-nm clusters (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, pp. 1253021-1253026; Tjahjana, L., Wang, B., Tanoto, H., Chua, S.-J., Yoon, S.F., Gallium arsenide (GaAs) island growth under SiO2 nanodisks patterned on GaAs substrates (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 195305; Martin-Sanchez, J., Munoz-Matutano, G., Herranz, J., Canet-Ferrer, J., Alen, B., Gonzalez, Y., Alonso-Gonzalez, P., Briones, F., Single photon emission from sitecontrolled InAs quantum dots grown on GaAs (001) patterned substrates (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1513-1517; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns: Rectifying and Multiplying Lithographic Patterns Using Block Copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D., Directed Block Copolymer Assembly versus Electron Beam Lithography forBit-patterned Media with Areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Tobing, L.Y.M., Tjahjana, L., Zhang, D.H., Large contrast enhancement by sonication assisted cold development process for low dose and ultrahigh resolution patterning on ZEP520A positive tone resist (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30, pp. 0516011-0516017; Tobing, L.Y.M., Tjahjana, L., Zhang, D.H., Direct patterning of high density sub-15 nm gold dot arrays using ultrahigh contrast electron beam lithography process on positive tone resist (2013) Nanotechnology, 24, pp. 0753031-0753038; Mohammad, M.A., Muhammad, M., Dew, S.K., Stepanova, M., Nanofabrication, , M. Stepanova and S. Dew Berlin, Germany: Springer, Dec. 2011, ch. 2; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1. 5 Tbit/in2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 385301; Chao, W., Anderson, E.H., Fischer, P., Kim, D.-H., Towards sub-10-nm resolution zone plates using overlay nanofabrication process (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6883, pp. 6883091-6883098; Chao, W., Kim, J., Rekawa, S., Fischer, P., Anderson, E.H., Demonstration of 12 nm resolution fresnel zone plate lens based soft x-ray microscopy (2009) Opt. Exp., 17, pp. 17669-17677},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={1536125X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Sopon2014,
author={Sopon, T. and Supnithi, P. and Vichienchom, K.},
title={Performance of Log-MAP algorithm for graph-based detections on the 2-D interference channel},
journal={JICTEE 2014 - 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering},
year={2014},
doi={10.1109/JICTEE.2014.6804075},
art_number={6804075},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, JICTEE 2014 ; Conference Date: 5 March 2014 Through 8 March 2014;  Conference Code:105158},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901023930&doi=10.1109%2fJICTEE.2014.6804075&partnerID=40&md5=2601c0defe9b53aa64f1f6aba4bd9cad},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={The read channel of magnetic recording system is affected by two-dimensional interference channel that is a combination of inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference. Inter-track interference is one of the biggest challenges in the high density magnetic recording systems and it can degrade the performance of the channels. In this work, we compare three variations of log-MAP algorithms for graph-based detectors in two-dimensional interference channels. The simulation results show the performance of the graph-based detector with the full log-MAP and extended log-MAP algorithms achieve the gains of about 0.1 and 0.05 dB at BER = 10-5, over the max approximation on bit patterned media recording system with the areal density 2.5 Tbits/in2. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D graph-based detector;  2-D Interference channel;  Graph-based detector;  Inter-symbol interference;  Inter-track interference},
keywords={Algorithms;  Communication systems;  Detectors;  Information technology;  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Recording instruments;  Two dimensional, 2-D graph-based detectors;  2-D interference channels;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Graph-based detection;  Graph-based detectors;  High-density magnetic recording;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems, Graphic methods},
references={Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proceedings IEEE International Conference Communication ICC, pp. 6249-6254; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit patterned media (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41, pp. 3214-3216; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41, pp. 4327-4334; Kschischang, F.R., Frey, B.J., Loeliger, H.A., Factor graphs and the sum product algorithm (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47, pp. 498-519; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2008, , 10.1155/2008/738281; Talakoub, S., Sabeti, L., Shahrava, B., Ahmadi, M., An improved Max-Log-MAP algorithm for turbo decoding and turbo equalization (2007) IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 56, pp. 1058-1063; Sopon, T., Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Vichienchom, K., Modified graph-based detection methods for two-dimensional interference channels (2012) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48, pp. 4618-4621; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47 (3), pp. 594-597; Papaharalabos, S., Mathiopoulos, P.T., Masera, M., Martina, G., On optimal and near-optimal turbo decoding using generalized max operator (2009) IEEE Communications Letters, 13, pp. 522-524},
sponsors={Epsilon Solution and Consultant; Mak Media Co., Ltd.; Naga Software},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
address={Chiang Rai},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={JICTEE - Jt. Int. Conf. Inf. Commun. Technol., Electron. Electr. Eng.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huda2014425,
author={Huda, M. and Liu, J. and Mohamad, Z.B. and Yin, Y. and Hosaka, S.},
title={Attempts to form the 10-nm-order pitch of self-assembled nanodots using PS-PDMS block copolymer},
journal={International Journal of Nanotechnology},
year={2014},
volume={11},
number={5-8},
pages={425-433},
doi={10.1504/IJNT.2014.060561},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900387928&doi=10.1504%2fIJNT.2014.060561&partnerID=40&md5=6a80b2bd8332bf45db0178fe6161e150},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; Advanced Technology Research Center, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; Division of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly exhibits its ability to form various nanostructures with a size down to 3 nm, which is particularly attractive for emerging technologies such as bit patterned media (BPM). Poly(styrene-b-dimethyl siloxane) (PS-PDMS) has been acknowledged as the most promising block copolymer for self-assembly fabrication due to its possibility to form nanopattern with a fine pitch, high etching selectivity, and its characteristic of robustness for pattern transfer. Here, we attempt to form PS-PDMS self-assembled nanodot array with a 10-nm-order pitch in order to satisfy the demand of low cost technique to form ultrahigh density nanodot array for BPM, which is regarded as the next-generation magnetic recording media, and for quantum devices such as the third-generation quantum dot photovoltaic cell and future battery cell. In this study, self-assembled nanodot array on a large area with pitches of 11 nm (? = 2.08 nm) and 10 nm (? = 1.61 nm) was formed using PS-PDMS with molecular weights of 5600-1300 g/mol (minority block volume fraction fPDMS = 19.8%) and 4700-1200 g/mol (fPDMS = 21.4%), respectively. In experiments, it was shown that some critical parameters, such as the thickness of PS-PDMS film, the treatment of the substrate surface, and annealing condition, played crucial roles in forming 10-nm-order size of self-assembled nanodot array using PS-PDMS. The relationships between pitches of PS-PDMS nanodot array and the product of the total number of segments and the Flory-Huggins segmental interaction parameter (?N) obtained by calculations and experiments will be discussed. Based on the position of PS-PDMS on mean-field phase diagram for BCP melts, the possibility to form nanodot array with a pitch of less than 10 nm is described. This study promises to open way toward the fabrication of more than 7.45 Tbit/in.2 storage devices and the application of quantum devices. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Block copolymer;  Magnetic storage;  Nanodot;  Nanolithography;  Self-assembly},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Etching;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Microchannels;  Nanolithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Photoelectrochemical cells;  Photovoltaic cells;  Self assembly;  Semiconductor quantum dots;  Styrene;  Virtual storage, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Block volume fractions;  Magnetic recording media;  Nanodot;  Segmental interaction parameters;  Self-assembled nanodots;  Self-assembly fabrication, Nanodots},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 13J06425},
references={Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Long-range-ordering of self-assembled block copolymer nanodots using EB-drawn guide line and post mixing template (2011) Microelectron. Eng, 88, pp. 2571-2575; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., Fabrication of FePt patterned media with diblock copolymer templates (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol, 19 (3), pp. 425-430; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block copolymer thermodynamics: Theory and experiments (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem, 41, pp. 525-557; Knoll, A., Horvat, A., Lyakhova, K.S., Krausch, G., Sevink, G.J.A., Zvelindovsky, A.V., Magerle, R., Phase behavior in thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett, 89 (3), pp. 03550101-03550104; Ross, C.A., Jung, Y.S., Chuang, V.P., Ilievski, F., Yang, J.K.W., Bita, I., Thomas, E.L., Cheng, J.Y., Si-containing block copolymers for self-assembled nanolithography (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 26, pp. 2489-2494; Hirai, T., Leolukman, M., Liu, C.C., Han, E., Kim, Y.J., Ishida, Y., Hayakawa, T., Gopalan, P., One-step direct-patterning template utilizing self-assembly of POSS-containing block copolymers (2009) Adv. Mater, 21, pp. 1-5; Aissou, K., Kogelschatz, M., Baron, T., Gentile, P., Self-assembled block polymer templates as high resolution lithographic masks (2007) Surf. Sci, 601, pp. 2611-2614; Fata, P.L., Puglisi, R., Lombardo, S., Bongiorno, C., Nano-patterning with block copolymers (2008) Superlattices Microstruct, 44, pp. 693-698; Kim, S.J., Maeng, W.J., Lee, S.K., Park, D.H., Bang, S.H., Kim, H., Sohn, B.H., Hybrid nanofabrication processes utilizing diblock copolymer nanotemplate prepared by self-assembled monolayer based surface neutralization (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 26, p. 189; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Fabrication of nanostructures with long-range order using block copolymer lithography (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 81, pp. 3657-3659; Chao, C., Wang, T., Ho, R., Georgopanos, P., Avgeropoulos, A., Thomas, E.L., Robust block copolymer mask for nanopatterning polymer films (2010) ACS Nano, 4, pp. 2088-2094; Huda, M., Akahane, T., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., Fabrication of 10-nm block copolymer self-assembled nanodots for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 50, pp. 1-5. , 06GG06; Huda, M., Liu, J., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., Fabrication of 5-nm-sized nanodots using self-assemble of polystyrene-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 51, pp. 06FF10-15; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2007) Orientation-controlled Self-assembled Nanolithography Using A Polystyrene?polydimethylsiloxane Block Copolymer, 7, pp. 2046-2050. , Nano Lett; http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/; http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/; Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., Self-assembled nanodot fabrication by using diblock copolymer (2010) Key Eng. Mater. AMDE, 459, pp. 120-123; Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Formation of 13-nm-pitch block copolymer self-assembled nanodots pattern for high-density magnetic recording, 1415, pp. 79-82. , AIP Con. Proc},
correspondence_address1={Huda, M.; Graduate School of Engineering, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; email: t12802274@gunma-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Inderscience Publishers},
issn={14757435},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Guan2014194,
author={Guan, Y.L. and Han, G. and Kong, L. and Chan, K.S. and Cai, K. and Zheng, J.},
title={Coding and signal processing for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels},
journal={2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, ICNC 2014},
year={2014},
pages={194-199},
doi={10.1109/ICCNC.2014.6785330},
art_number={6785330},
note={cited By 9; Conference of 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, ICNC 2014 ; Conference Date: 3 February 2014 Through 6 February 2014;  Conference Code:104772},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899507064&doi=10.1109%2fICCNC.2014.6785330&partnerID=40&md5=7d265d6ecb0125077bf7b68018c8108e},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117608, Singapore; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China},
abstract={New magnetic recording technologies such as bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), heat (or microwave) assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and shingled writing (SW)/two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) have been proposed to push the storage density of future hard disks beyond 1Tb/in2. However, at such high recording density, many new challenges from the magnetic recording medium, read/write head as well as writing and reading channels arise. These challenges hinder the realization of Tb/in2 hard disks and should be addressed. In this paper, we review these major challenges from a communication theory perspective, and propose ways to mitigate the channel impairments by using low-complexity two-dimensional (2D) channel detection, new low-density parity-check (LDPC) code design paradigm, as well as re-synchronizable coding schemes. © 2014 IEEE.},
keywords={Channel coding;  Forward error correction;  Signal processing;  Two dimensional, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Channel impairment;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Magnetic recording channels;  Magnetic recording medium;  Storage densities;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Tb/in2 on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Kurkoski, B.M., Towards efficient detection of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2008) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E91-A (10). , Oct; Marrow, M., Wolf, J.K., Iterative detection of 2-dimensional ISI channels (2003) Proc. IEEE Information Theory Workshop, pp. 131-134. , Paris, France, Mar./Apr; Cheng, T., Belzer, B.J., Sivakumar, K., Row-column soft-decision feedback algorithm for two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2007) IEEE Signal Processing Lett., 14 (7), pp. 433-436. , Jul; Shaghaghi, M., Cai, K., Guan, Y.L., Qin, Z., Markov chain monte carlo based detection for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (2), pp. 471-478. , Feb; Zheng, J., Ma, X., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Low-complexity iterative row-column soft decision feedback algorithm for 2D intersymbol interference channel detection with Gaussian approximation (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (8), pp. 4768-4773. , Jun; Kong, L., Guan, Y.L., Zheng, J., Han, G., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., EXITchart-based LDPC code design for 2D ISI channels (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2823-2826. , Jun; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) Proc. IEEE Globecom. Symp. Application of Communication Theory to Emerging Memory Technologies, pp. 1910-1914. , Miami, FL, USA, Dec; Han, G., Guan, Y.L., Cai, K., Chan, K.S., Kong, L., Embedded marker code for channels corrupted by insertions, deletions, and AWGN (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (6), pp. 2535-2538. , Jun; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun., 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Risso, A., Layered LDPC decoding over GF(q) for magnetic recording channel (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3683-3688. , Oct},
sponsors={},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
address={Honolulu, HI},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Comput., Networking Commun., ICNC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yamamoto201447,
author={Yamamoto, R. and Kanamaru, M. and Sugawara, K. and Sasao, N. and Ootera, Y. and Okino, T. and Kihara, N. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Orientation and position control of self-assembled polymer pattern for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={3},
pages={47-50},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2284474},
art_number={6774996},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897096032&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2284474&partnerID=40&md5=32775912c9ef7543a3993c431e5f8292},
affiliation={Toshiba Corporation, Corporate Research and Development Center, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Directed self-assembly (DSA) is expected to be a solution for the fabrication process of high-density bit-patterned media. A DSA pattern of polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer with 20 nm pitch was fabricated on a 2.5 in disk substrate using a postguide. Uniformity of the dot alignment as well as dot-pitch fluctuation and linearity of pseudodot tracks are estimated using image analyses of SEM photographs. Uniformity along the circumferential direction was confirmed. All the SEM images at eight different angles at r = 29.4 mm showed single domain. Pitch distribution and linearity error were estimated to be 14% and 7.8%, respectively. Uniformity along the radius direction was estimated with the moiré method. The single-domain region is expected to be 5 mm in width. Margin of the postguide pitch for the single-domain formation is revealed to be more than 15% of the self-assembled dot pitch. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Block copolymer;  Directed self-assembly (DSA);  Hard disks;  Nanolithography},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Nanolithography;  Self assembly;  Silicones, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Circumferential direction;  Directed self-assembly;  Fabrication process;  Linearity errors;  Polymer patterns;  Radius direction, Block copolymers},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of selfassembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 693-698. , Feb; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., Density multiplication and improved litohography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939. , Aug; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimentional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943. , Aug; Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Long-range-ordering of self-assembled block copolymer nanodots using EB-drawn guide line and post mixing template (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88 (8), pp. 2571-2575; Yamamoto, R., Kanamaru, M., Sugawara, K., Sasao, N., Ootera, Y., Okino, T., Orientation and position-controlled block copolymer nanolithography for bit-patterned media (2013) Proc. SPIE, 8680, pp. 86801U1-86801U6. , Feb; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.D., Lynch, R.T., Recording on bitpatterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 11 (3), p. 031405; Watanabe, A., Takizawa, K., Kimura, K., Onitsuka, T., Iwasaki, T., Takeo, A., Fine pattern transfer process of 20 nm-pitch selfassembled polymer mask for CoPt bit patterned media (2012) Dig. Intermag Conf., CS-11; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam Lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (7), pp. 1844-1858},
correspondence_address1={Yamamoto, R.; Toshiba Corporation, Corporate Research and Development Center, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan; email: ryosuke1.yamamoto@toshiba.co.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mathew2014155,
author={Mathew, G. and Hwang, E. and Park, J. and Garfunkel, G. and Hu, D.},
title={Capacity advantage of array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) for next generation hard disk drives},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={3},
pages={155-161},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2283221},
art_number={6774911},
note={cited By 56},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897068794&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2283221&partnerID=40&md5=c415b5bea09bfd3d184857dd2e981646},
affiliation={LSI Corporation, San Jose, CA 95131, United States; LSI Corporation, Allentown, PA 18109, United States; Headway Technologies, Inc., Milpitas, CA 95035, United States},
abstract={This paper proposes an array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR) approach for enhancing recording capacity in hard disk drives (HDDs). The HDD industry is now at crossroads to choose a technology that will support continued increase in recording density, and the top contenders are bit patterned media recording (BPMR) and heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) for near-term and 2-D magnetic recording for long-term. Deployment of BPMR and HAMR has been delayed due to the challenges in media and heads. We propose the ARMR approach as a viable technology that can deliver significant capacity by combining array-reader-based readback with modest changes in readback signal processing. Offtrack performance evaluation using waveforms captured at various squeeze levels show that ARMR offers about 30% enhancement in capacity for single-track detection with two or three read elements positioned at different cross-track positions in the track. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D equalizer;  2-D magnetic recording (TDMR);  Array-reader;  Array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR);  Hard disk drives (HDDs);  Magnetic recording},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Signal processing, 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR);  Array-reader;  Array-reader-based magnetic recording (ARMR);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Hard Disk Drive;  Hard disk drives;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Recording density, Magnetic recording},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Marchon, B., Pitchford, T., Hsia, Y.T., Gangopadhyay, S., The headdisk interface roadmap to an areal density of 4 Tbit/in2 (2013) Adv. Tribol., 2013, pp. 5210861-5210868. , Feb; Wood Roger, Feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1 I), pp. 36-42; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov; Albrecht, T.R., Bedau, D., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 773-778. , Feb; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Recording on bitpatterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031; Wu, A.Q., Kubota, Y., Klemmer, T., Rausch, T., Peng, C., Peng, Y., HAMR areal density demonstration of 1+ Tbpsi on spinstand (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 779-782. , Feb; McDaniel, T.W., Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording (2005) Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 17 (7), pp. R315-R332. , DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/7/R01; Ushiyama, J., Akagi, F., Ando, A., Miyamoto, H., 8-Tb/in2-class bit-patterned medium for thermally assisted magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3612-3615. , Jul; Sato, Y., Sugiura, K., Igarashi, M., Watanabe, K., Shiroishi, Y., Thin spin-torque oscillator with high AC-field for high density microwaveassisted magnetic recording (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3632-3635. , Jul; Igarashi, M., Watanabe, K., Hirayama, Y., Shiroishi, Y., Feasibility of bit patterned magnetic recording with microwave assistance over 5 Tbitps (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 3284-3287. , Nov; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled recording for 2-3 Tbit/in2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3823-3829. , Oct; Hall, D., Marcos, J.H., Coker, J.D., Data handling algorithms for autonomous shingled magnetic recording HDDs (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (5), pp. 1777-1781. , May; Haratsch, E.F., Mathew, G., Park, J., Jin, M., Worrell, K.J., Lee, Y.X., Intertrack interference cancellation for shingled magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3698-3703. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2 (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Victora, R.H., Morgan, S.M., Momsen, K., Cho, E., Erden, M.F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording at 10 Tbits/in2 (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (5), pp. 1697-1703. , May; Jin, Z., Salo, M., Wood, R., Areal-density capability of a magnetic recording system using a '747' test based only on data-block failure-rate (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3718-3721. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Mathew, G.; LSI Corporation, San Jose, CA 95131, United States; email: george.mathew@lsi.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Asbahi201451,
author={Asbahi, M. and Lim, K.T.P. and Wang, F. and Lin, M.Y. and Chan, K.S. and Wu, B. and Ng, V. and Yang, J.K.W.},
title={Determination of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations in patterned arrays fabricated by the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={3},
pages={51-55},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2280018},
art_number={6774998},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897068123&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2280018&partnerID=40&md5=4fa6c8285be73efd449e38354ef9cb4c},
affiliation={Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117602, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Information Storage Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore},
abstract={The promise of magnetic bit-patterned media (BPM) in the hard disk drive industry hinges on its capability to extend the data storage density beyond that achievable by conventional continuous media. Its success, however, depends strongly on meeting the jitter and throughput requirements of BPM with a suitable fabrication process. In this paper, we report on the directed self-assembly of gold nanoparticles using a topographical template as an approach to fulfill the BPM fabrication requirements. The effects of position jitter and dot-size fluctuations are examined by performing image analysis on scanning electron microscopies of samples fabricated with areal densities of 4.4 Tdot/in2. For comparison, we considered three different cases: electron-beam lithography-defined templates, monolayer films of self-assembled nanoparticles on an unpatterned substrate, and nanoparticles directed to assemble within a template. Our analysis provides evidence for the improvements in position jitter of the directed assembly of nanoparticles over those that were left to assemble without a template. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly (DSA);  Gold nanoparticles;  Jitter noise;  Magnetic recording;  Media noise},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication;  Gold;  Magnetic recording;  Metal nanoparticles;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Gold Nanoparticles;  Jitter noise;  Media noise, Jitter},
references={Iwasaki Shun-ichi, Nakamura Yoshihisa, Analysis for the magnetization mode for high density magnetic recording (1977) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, MAG-13 (5), pp. 1272-1277; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G.P., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Duan, H.G., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Fabrication and characterization of bitpatterned media beyond 1.5 Tbit/in2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), pp. 3853011-3853016. , Sep; Asbahi, M., Lim, K.T.P., Wang, F.K., Duan, H.G., Thiyagarajah, N., Ng, V., Directed self-assembly of densely packed gold nanoparticles (2012) Langmuir, 28 (49), pp. 16782-16787. , Dec; Yang, X., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (7), pp. 1844-1858. , Jul; Naito, K., Ultrahigh-density storage media prepared by artificially assisted self-assembling methods (2005) Chaos, 15 (4), pp. 0475071-0475077. , Dec; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 939-943. , Aug; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 693-698. , Feb; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287 (5460), pp. 1989-1992. , DOI 10.1126/science.287.5460.1989; Jones, B.A., O'grady, K., Magnetically induced self-organization (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97 (10), pp. 10J3121-10J3123. , May; Weiss, N., Cren, T., Epple, M., Rusponi, S., Baudot, G., Rohart, S., Uniform magnetic properties for an ultrahigh-density lattice of noninteracting Co nanostructures (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (15), pp. 1572041-1572043. , Oct; Maqableh, M.M., Huang, X., Sung, S.Y., Reddy, K.S., Norby, G., Victora, R.H., Low-resistivity 10 nm diameter magnetic sensors (2012) Nano Lett., 12 (8), pp. 4102-4109. , Aug; Puntes, V.F., Gorostiza, P., Aruguete, D.M., Bastus, N.G., Alivisatos, A.P., Collective behaviour in two-dimensional cobalt nanoparticle assemblies observed by magnetic force microscopy (2004) Nature Mater., 3 (4), pp. 263-268. , Apr; Lau, C.Y., Duan, H.G., Wang, F.K., He, C.B., Low, H.Y., Yang, J.K.W., Enhanced ordering in gold nanoparticles self-assembly through excess free ligands (2011) Langmuir, 27 (7), pp. 3355-3360. , Apr; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802787; Miura, K., Murakami, Y., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Noise analysis and design optimization due to pattern processing in perpendicular patterned media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (22), pp. 2904-2907. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (15), pp. 2875-2877. , Oct; Asbahi, M., Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Gourgon, C., Perret, C., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Recording performances in perpendicular magnetic patterned media (2010) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 43 (38), pp. 3850031-3850033. , Sep; Lin, M.Y., Elidrissi, M.R., Chan, K.S., Eason, K., Chua, M., Asbahi, M., Channel characterization and performance evaluation of bitpatterned media (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (2), pp. 723-729. , Feb; Mian, G., Indeck, R.S., Muller, M.W., Transverse correlation length in thin film media (1992) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 28 (5 PART 2), pp. 2733-2735. , DOI 10.1109/20.179612; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10-nm half-pitch lithography (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029. , DOI 10.1116/1.2801881; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of selfassembled dots for 2.5 Tbin2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in selfassembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Nandakumar, V., Companieh, A., Gallian, A., Muller, M.W., Indeck, R.S., Jitter measurements in magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2314-2316. , Jul; Rasband, W.S., (1997) ImageJ, , http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/, U.S. Nat. Inst. Health. , Bethesda, MD, USA[Online]. Available},
correspondence_address1={Yang, J.K.W.; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117602, Singapore; email: yangkwj@imre.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kundu201441,
author={Kundu, S. and Gaur, N. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Maurer, S.L. and Yang, H. and Bhatia, C.S.},
title={Ion implantation challenges for patterned media at areal densities over 5 tbpsi},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2014},
volume={50},
number={3},
pages={41-46},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2285938},
art_number={6774962},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897040757&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2285938&partnerID=40&md5=33d500fa7f3db6f5bc0a225e2ef5256e},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117608, Singapore; IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Centre, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States},
abstract={Ion implantation of lighter (4He+) and heavier ion species (121Sb+)) was studied to investigate their suitability in fabricating bit patterned media (BPM) for areal densities ≥ 5 Tbpsi. Conventional CoCrPt-SiO2 and the next generation high-anisotropy L10 FePt media were employed to understand the mass-dependent lateral straggle of the ions. First-order reversal curve measurement for CoCrPt-SiO2 media revealed an increase in exchange interaction in the implanted films with the increasing fluence. Interestingly, there was an order-disorder transformation of the phase for L10 FePt media upon implantation. Implantation using lighter ions resulted in a larger lateral straggle. This lateral movement of ions from the unmasked to masked regions during BPM fabrication will, furthermore, impede the process of bit isolation. In contrast, lateral straggle was reduced for heavier ions. However, this was achieved at the expense of the diffusion of host atoms displaced from their lattice positions which caused a reduction of anisotropy even in the unimplanted regions. Therefore, the requirement to strike a balance between the lateral straggle of the implanted species and the movement of host atoms to accomplish ultra-high densities in implantation-assisted-BPM recording is reported as a challenging problem. © 2014 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  Ion implantation;  Lateral straggle;  Perpendicular magnetic recording},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Ions;  Magnetic recording;  Order disorder transitions, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  First-order reversal curves;  Implanted species;  Lateral straggle;  Lattice positions;  Order-disorder transformation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Ultrahigh density, Ion implantation},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for hard disk drive (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 485-494. , Mar; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (5). , article ID. 052511 Feb; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., Patterned media with composite structure for writability at high areal recording density (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7). , article ID. 073904, Apr; Chong, T.C., Piramanayagam, S.N., Sbiaa, R., Perspectives for 10 Tbpsi magnetic recording (2011) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11, pp. 2704-2709. , Mar; Piramanayagam, S.N., Sbiaa, R., Tan, E.-L., Poh, A., Tan, H.K., Aung, K.O., Planarization of patterned recording media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 758-763. , Mar; Sato, K., Ajan, A., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Magnetization suppression in Co/Pd and CoCrPt by nitrogen ion implantation for bit patterned media fabrication (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (12). , article ID. 123910, Jun; Yasumori, J., Sonobe, Y., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Servo-pattern and guard-band formation in perpendicular discrete-track media by ion irradiation (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3703-3706. , Oct; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Choi, C., Noh, K., Oh, Y., Kuru, C., Hong, D., Chen, L.-H., Fabrication and magnetic properties of nonmagnetic ion implanted magnetic recording films for bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2532-2535. , Oct; Hinoue, T., Fabrication of discrete track media by Cr ion implantation (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1584-1586. , Jun; Hinoue, T., Ito, K., Hirayama, Y., Ono, T., Inaba, H., Magnetic properties and recording performances of patterned media fabricated by nitrogen ion implantation (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7). , article ID. 07B907 Apr; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10-nm half-pitch lithography (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029. , DOI 10.1116/1.2801881; Tavakkoli, A.K.G., Piramanayagam, S.N., Ranjbar, M., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., Path to achieve sub-10-nm half-pitch using electron beam lithography (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 29 (1). , article ID. 011035, Jan; Shi, J.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Mah, C.S., Zhao, H.B., Zhao, J.M., Kay, Y.S., Influence of dual-Ru intermediate layers on magnetic properties and recording performance of CoCrPt-SiO2 perpendicular recording media (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (22). , article ID. 222503, Nov; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Sub-6-nm grain size control in polycrystalline thin films using synthetic nucleation layer (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91 (14). , article ID. 142508, Oct; Ziegler, J.F., Stopping of energetic light ions in elemental matter (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (3), pp. 1249-1272; Tan, E.L., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Wong, S.K., Tan, H.K., Poh, W.C., Nanoimprint mold fabrication and duplication for embedded servo and discrete track recording media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27 (5), pp. 2259-2263. , Sep; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., Characterizing interactions in fine magnetic particle systems using first order reversal curves (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (9), pp. 6660-6667; Pike, C., Fernandez, A., An investigation of magnetic reversal in submicron-scale Co dots using first order reversal curve diagrams (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (9), pp. 6668-6676; Gaur, N., Piramanayagam, S.N., Maurer, S.L., Nunes, R.W., Steen, S., Yang, H., Ion implantation induced modification of structural and magnetic properties of perpendicular media (2011) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 44 (36). , article ID. 365001, Aug; Gaur, N., Piramanayagam, S.N., Maurer, S.L., Steen, S.E., Yang, H., Bhatia, C.S., First-order reversal curve investigations on the effects of ion implantation in magnetic media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 2753-2756. , Nov; Piramanayagam, S.N., Matsumoto, M., Morisako, A., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in NdFeB thin films (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (8 II B), pp. 5898-5900; Tavakkoli, K.G.A., Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wong, S.K., Poh, W.C., Sbiaa, R., Reverse nanoimprint lithography for fabrication of nanostructures (2012) Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 4 (8), pp. 835-838. , Aug; Sbiaa, R., Bilin, Z., Ranjbar, M., Tan, H.K., Wong, S.J., Piramanayagam, S.N., Effect of magnetostatic energy on domain structure and magnetization reversal in (Co/Pd) multilayers (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (10). , article ID. 103901, May; Gaur, N., Kundu, S., Piramanayagam, S.N., Maurer, S.L., Tan, H.K., Wong, S.K., Lateral displacement induced disorder in L10 FePt nanostructures by ion-implantation (2013) Sci. Rep., 3, p. 1. , article ID. 1907, May},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: prem_sn@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huda201483,
author={Huda, M. and Mohamad, Z.B. and Komori, T. and Yin, Y. and Hosaka, S.},
title={Fabrication of CoPt nanodot array with a pitch of 33 nm using pattern-transfer technique of PS-PDMS self-assembly},
journal={Key Engineering Materials},
year={2014},
volume={596},
pages={83-87},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.596.83},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 4th International Conference on Advanced Micro-Device Engineering, AMDE 2012 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2012 Through 7 December 2012;  Conference Code:101904},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891841868&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fKEM.596.83&partnerID=40&md5=d32d8b37d091cb852ba6387323ce3529},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan; Human Resource Cultivation Center, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={The progress of information technology has increased the demand of the capacity of storage media. Bit patterned media (BPM) has been known as a promising method to achieve the magnetic-data-storage capability of more than 1 Tb/in.2. In this work, we demonstrated fabrication of magnetic nanodot array of CoPt with a pitch of 33 nm using a pattern-transfer method of block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly. Carbon hard mask (CHM) was adopted as a mask to pattern-transfer self-assembled nanodot array formed from poly(styrene)-b-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PS-PDMS) with a molecular weight of 30,000-7,500 mol/g. According to our experiment results, CHM showed its high selectivity against CoPt in Ar ion milling. Therefore, this result boosted the potential of BCP self-assembly technique to fabricate magnetic nanodot array for the next generation of hard disk drive (HDD) due to the ease of large-area fabrication, and low cost. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications.},
author_keywords={Diblock copolymer;  Nano-patterning;  Pattern-transfer;  Patterned media;  Self-assembly},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Block copolymers;  Cobalt alloys;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Microchannels;  Nanodots;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum alloys;  Self assembly;  Styrene, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Carbon hard masks;  Hard disk drives;  Magnetic nanodots;  NanoPatterning;  Pattern transfers;  Patterned medias;  Self-assembly technique, Fabrication},
references={Yang, J.K.W., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 385301; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131; Pan, C.T., Lo, S.C., Yang, J.C., Chen, Y.J., (2007) Opt. Quant. Electron, 39, p. 693; Law, M., Greene, L.E., Johnson, J.C., Saykally, R., Yang, P., (2005) Nature Materials, 4, p. 455; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Hosaka, S., Zulfakri, B.M., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Appl. Phys. Express, 1, p. 027003; Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Key Eng. Mater., 497, p. 122; Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 2571; Ross, C.A., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2489; Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2010) Key Eng. Mater. AMDE, 459, p. 120; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2007) Nano Lett., 7, p. 2046; Huda, M., Akahane, T., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 06GG06; Huda, M., Liu, J., Zulfakri, B.M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2013) Mater. Sci. Forum, 737, p. 133; http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/, Software; Akahane, T., Komori, T., Liu, J., Huda, M., Zulfakri, B.M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2013) Key Eng. Mater. AMDE, 534, p. 126},
publisher={Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
address={Kiryu},
issn={10139826},
isbn={9783037859629},
coden={KEMAE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Key Eng Mat},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Griffiths2013,
author={Griffiths, R.A. and Williams, A. and Oakland, C. and Roberts, J. and Vijayaraghavan, A. and Thomson, T.},
title={Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for use in bit patterned media fabrication},
journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
year={2013},
volume={46},
number={50},
doi={10.1088/0022-3727/46/50/503001},
art_number={503001},
note={cited By 68},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894062334&doi=10.1088%2f0022-3727%2f46%2f50%2f503001&partnerID=40&md5=fd8cfbef2bafa68f3c03c21f0850e444},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Northwest Nanoscience Doctoral Training Centre (NOWNano DTC), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Reduction of the bit size in conventional magnetic recording media is becoming increasingly difficult due to the superparamagnetic limit. Bit patterned media (BPM) has been proposed as a replacement technology as it will enable hard disk areal densities to increase past 1 Tb in-2. Block copolymer directed self-assembly (BCP DSA) is the leading candidate for forming BPM due to its ability to create uniform patterns over macroscopic areas. Here we review the latest research into two different BCP DSA techniques: graphoepitaxy and chemoepitaxy (or chemical prepatterning). In addition to assessing their potential for forming high density bit patterns, we also review current approaches using these techniques for forming servo patterns, which are required for hard disk drive (HDD) operation. Finally, we review the current state of UV nanoimprint lithography, which is the favoured technique for enabling mass production of BPM HDDs. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
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Magn., 49, pp. 707-712. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2230155 0018-9464; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414. , 10.1038/nature01775; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Takenaka, M., Yoshida, H., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Hasegawa, H., Nine-fold density multiplication of hcp lattice pattern by directed self-assembly of block copolymer (2009) Polymer, 50, pp. 4250-4256. , 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.039; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., Directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer thin films on chemically-patterned substrates for defect-free nano-patterning (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 9267-9276. , 10.1021/ma801542y; Wan, L., Yang, X., Directed self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymers: Prepatterning effect on pattern quality and density multiplication factor (2009) Langmuir, 25, pp. 12408-12413. , 10.1021/la901648y; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. 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Technol., 27, pp. 573-580. , 10.1116/1.3081981 0734-211X B; Lille, J., Integration of servo and high bit aspect ratio data patterns on nanoimprint templates for patterned media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 2757-2760. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2192916 0018-9464; Hadjichristidis, N., Pispas, S., Floudas, G., (2002) Block Copolymers: Synthetic Strategies, Physical Properties, and Applications; Liu, G.L., Nealey, P.F., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of chevron patterns for patterned media with block copolymer directed assembly (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 29. , 10.1116/1.3650697 0734-211X B 06F204; Kihara, N., Yamamoto, R., Sasao, N., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Okino, T., Ootera, Y., Kikitsu, A., Fabrication of 5 Tdot/in.2 bit patterned media with servo pattern using directed self-assembly (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 30. , 10.1116/1.4763356 0734-211X B 06FH02; Hughes, E.C., Messner, W.C., New servo pattern for hard disk storage using pattern media (2003) J. 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MEMS and MOEMS, 10. , 10.1117/1.3625635 033018; Ye, Z.M., Ramos, R., Brooks, C., Simpson, L., Fretwell, J., Carden, S., Hellebrekers, P., Sreenivasan, S.V., High density patterned media fabrication using jet and flash imprint lithography (2011) Alternative Lithographic Technologies III, 7970, pp. 79700L. , 10.1117/12.879932 0277-786X; Schmid, G., Brooks, C., Ye, Z., Johnson, S., Labrake, D., Sreenivasan, S.V., Resnick, D., Jet and flash imprint lithography for the fabrication of patterned media drives (2009) SPIE Proc., 7488. , 10.1117/12.833366 748820; Ye, Z.M., Carden, S., Hellebrekers, P., Labrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Melliar-Smith, M., Sreenivasan, S.V., Imprint process performance for patterned media at densities greater than 1 Tb/in2 (2012) Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV, 8323, pp. 83230V. , Ed Tong W.m.and Resnick D.J. 10.1117/12.918042 0277-786X; Dauksher, W.J., Le, N.V., Gehoski, K.A., Ainley, E.S., Nordquist, K.J., Joshi, N., An electrical defectivity characterization of wafers imprinted with step and flash imprint lithography - Art. 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correspondence_address1={School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
issn={00223727},
coden={JPAPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys D},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Roy201333,
author={Roy, S. and Li, S.},
title={Magnetic nanostructures by nano-imprint lithography},
journal={Research Advances in Magnetic Materials},
year={2013},
pages={33-54},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895286600&partnerID=40&md5=69ebcd0a10254e4b133e535c72d10321},
affiliation={Microsystems Center, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland},
abstract={Patterned media, where the single domain recording bits are magnetically isolated from each other, offer the possibility to overcome many challenges faced by the other storage technologies, such as to obtain stable signal-to-noise ratio when the track width is reduced. The patterned media is likely to be the future media with high recording density and this has stimulated exploitation of different technologies to fabricate small featured magnetic materials. In parallel with the development of nanopatterning techniques there has been substantial progress in understanding and modelling the magnetic properties of small nanoparticles and patterned nano-dot arrays. The reduction of dimension leads to dramatic differences in micro/nanostructure, coercivity, anisotropy, and magnetic moment etc which attracted enormous attention from both academia and industry in many areas and spans far beyond the information storage field. Hence the paper is organised in the following way: In section I, as the patterned media is the most promising application for nanomagnet array, we briefly overview the data storage principle and storage media. Section II describes several alternative imprinting and pattern transfer technologies. Section III introduces the spin configurations, magnetization reversal properties of small magnets. Finally, in section IV a summary of current and possible future development in this area is outlined. © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
references={Choe, G., Acharya, B.R., Johnson, K.E., Lee, K.J., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), p. 2264; Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 1, p. 29; Bertero, G.A., Wachenschwanz, D., Malhotra, S., Velu, S., Bian, B., Stafford, D., Yan, W., Wang, S.X., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1627; Hikosaka, T., Komai, T., Tanaka, Y., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4026; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1976; Ravelosona, D., Chappert, C., Mathet, V., Bernas, H., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, p. 236; Dmitrieva, O., Rellinghaus, B., Kästner, J., Liedke, M.O., Fassbender, J., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N1121; Katayama, H., Sawamura, S., Ogimoto, Y., Nakajima, J., Kojima, K., Ohta, K., (1999) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 23, p. 233; Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38, p. 1839; Justice, J., (2012) Nature Photonics, 6, p. 612; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; Li, S.P., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 9964; Lebib, A., Li, S.P., Natali, M., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 3892; Gilles, S., Meier, M., Prömpers, M., van der Hart, A., Kügeler, C., Offenhäusser, A., Mayer, D., (2009) Microelectronic Engineering, 86, p. 661; Natali, M., Popa, A., Ebels, U., Chen, Y., Li, S.P., Welland, M.E., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 4334; Chen, Y., (2000) Eur. Phys. J., AP12, p. 223; Malloy, M., Litt, C.C., (2011) J. Micro/nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS, 10, p. 32001; Peroz, C., Dhuey, S., Volger, M., Wu, Y., Olynick, D., Cabrini, S., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 445301; Thum-Albrecht, T., (2000) Science, 290, p. 2126; Ghosal, T., Maity, T., Godsell, J.F., Roy, S., Morris, M.A., (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, p. 2390; Bita, I., (2008) Science, 321, p. 939; Cheng, J.Y., (2008) Adv. Mater, 20, p. 3255; Ruiz, R., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Hehn, M., Ounadjela, K., Bucher, J.P., Rousseaux, F., Decanini, D., Bartenlian, B., Chappert, C., (1996) Science, 272, p. 1782; Gu, E., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 1158; Cowburn, R.P., Koltsov, D.K., Adeyeye, A.O., Welland, M.E., Tricker, D.M., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 1042; Natali, M., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, p. 157203; Lebib, A., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 3892; Li, S.P., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 1102; Xu, Y.B., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 7019; Cowburnand, R.P., Welland, M.E., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1466; Allwood, D.A., Xiong, G., Faulkner, C.C., Atkinson, D., Petit, D., Cowburn, R.P., (2005) Science, 309, p. 1688; Gadbois, J., Zhu, J.-G., (1995) IEEE Trans Magn., 31, p. 3802; Jain, S., Adeyeye, A.O., Singh, N., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 1; Shinjo, T., (2000) Science, 289, p. 930; Fruchart, O., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 172409; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 240, p. 74; Tannous, C., Gieraltowski, J., (2008) Eur. J. Phys., 29, p. 475; Thirion, C., (2002) J. Magn. Mag. Mat., 993-995, p. 242; Chappert, C., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Prejbeanu, I.L., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 7343; Evoy, S., Carr, D.W., Sekaric, L., Suzuki, Y., Parpia, J.M., Craighead, H.G., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 404; Haginoya, C., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8327; Rottmayer, R., Cheng, C., Shi, X., Tong, L., Tong, H., (1999), US Patent 5986978; Yin, L., (2004) Appl. Phys.Lett., 85 (3), p. 467; Shi, X., Hesselink, J., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 1632; Grober, R., Bukofsky, S., Seeberg, S., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, p. 2368; Dobisz, E.A., (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96, p. 1836; Singh, L., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, p. 797007; Malloy, M., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, p. 797006},
correspondence_address1={Roy, S.; Microsystems Center, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland},
publisher={Nova Science Publishers, Inc.},
isbn={9781624179136},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Res. Adv. in Magn. Mater.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Prasartkaew2013,
author={Prasartkaew, C. and Kovintavewat, P. and Choomchuay, S.},
title={Parity check matrix construction of LDPC codes in bit-patterned media recording channels using Tippett's random number table},
journal={IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON},
year={2013},
doi={10.1109/TENCON.2013.6719028},
art_number={6719028},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2013 IEEE International Conference of IEEE Region 10, IEEE TENCON 2013 ; Conference Date: 22 October 2013 Through 25 October 2013;  Conference Code:102719},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894374015&doi=10.1109%2fTENCON.2013.6719028&partnerID=40&md5=51534d16efe56e3b99db01d54a448c1a},
affiliation={Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, RMUTT, Thunyaburi, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, NPRU, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, KMITL, Bangkok, Thailand},
abstract={This paper presents the application of a random number table for the parity check matrix construction of irregular low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. The performance of the constructed codes was tested in bit-patterned media recording channels. The obtained performance of the proposed codes was compared with that of the existing codes. The simulation results show that, at a block length of 4110 bit and code rate of 0.9, the proposed LDPC code yields better performance than the existing ones, especially at high signal-to-noise ratio scenario. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  irregular LDPC code;  random number table},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrack Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Mackay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low-density parity check codes (1996) Elec. Lett., 32, pp. 1645-1646. , Aug; Gallager, R., Low-density parity check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Tippet, L.H.C., (1950) Random Sampling Numbers, , Cambridge University Press; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bitpatterned Media Recording, , Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, San Diego; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, , 2nd edition. MA: Kluwer; Random Number Table, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_number_table]; Nair, K.R., Tippett's random sampling numbers (1938) Sankhya: The Indian Journal of Statistics, 4, pp. 65-72; Prasartkaew, C., Choomchuay, S., A design of parity check matrix for short irregular LDPC codes via magic square based algorithm (2013) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), 4 (1), pp. 146-169; Mackay, D., Gallager Code Esources, , http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/CodesFiles.html},
correspondence_address1={Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, , Thunyaburi, Thailand},
sponsors={IEEE Region 10 (Asia Pacific Region); IEEE Xi'an Section; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an Jiaotong University},
address={Xi'an, Shaanxi},
issn={21593442},
isbn={9781479928262},
coden={85QXA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Reg 10 Annu Int Conf Proc TENCON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Juang2013,
author={Juang, J.-Y. and Lin, K.-T.},
title={Impact of touchdown detection on bit patterned media robustness},
journal={ASME 2013 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2013},
year={2013},
doi={10.1115/ISPS2013-2871},
art_number={V001T01A012},
note={cited By 0; Conference of ASME 2013 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems, ISPS 2013 ; Conference Date: 24 June 2013 Through 25 June 2013;  Conference Code:102042},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892630664&doi=10.1115%2fISPS2013-2871&partnerID=40&md5=13c15fcacfa7c0d4644bb6f37cefcbbb},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan},
references={Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 gb/in2 (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , Feb; Mate, C.M., Ruiz, O.J., Wang, R.-H., Feliss, B., Bian, X., Wang, S.-L., Tribological challenges of flying recording heads over unplanarized patterned media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 4448-4451. , Nov; Juang, J.-Y., Chen, D., Bogy, D.B., Alternate air bearing slider designs for areal density of 1 tb/in 2 (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 241-246. , Feb; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Air-bearing effects on actuated thermal pole-tip protrusion for hard disk drives (2007) ASME J. Tribol., 129 (3), pp. 570-578. , Jul; Juang, J.-Y., Forrest, J., Huang, F.-Y., Magnetic head protrusion profiles and wear pattern of thermal flying-height control sliders with different heater designs (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3437-3440. , Oct; Zeng, Q.H., Yang, C.-H., Ka, S., Cha, E., An experimental and simulation study of touchdown dynamics (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3433-3436. , Oct; Su, L., Hu, Y., Lam, E.L., Li, P., Ng, R.W., Liang, D., Zheng, O., Zhang, J., Tribological and dynamic study of head disk interface at sub-1-nm clearance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 111-116. , Jan; Juang, J.-Y., Lin, K.-T., Touchdown of flying recording head sliders on continuous and patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , submitted to; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Controlled flying proximity sliders for head-media spacing variation suppression in ultra-low flying air bearings (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3052-3054. , Oct; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Nonlinear compensator design for active sliders to suppress head-disk spacing modulation in hard disk drive (2006) IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, 11 (3), pp. 256-264. , Jun; Crone, R., Dagastine, R.R., White, L.R., Jones, P.M., Hsia, Y.T., Van der waals interactions between the air-bearing surface and a lubricated glass disk: A comparative study (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88, p. 022509. , Jan; One, K., Nakagawa, K., Dynamic adhesion characteristics of spherical sliders colliding with stationary magnetic disks with a thin lubricant layer (2008) Tribol. Lett., 31 (2), pp. 77-89. , Aug},
correspondence_address1={Juang, J.-Y.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; email: jiayang@ntu.edu.tw},
sponsors={Information Storage and Processing Systems Division},
address={Santa Clara, CA},
isbn={9780791855539},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ASME Conf. Inf. Storage Process. Syst., ISPS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang20135208,
author={Wang, Y. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Reader design for bit patterned media recording at 10 Tb/in2 density},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={10},
pages={5208-5214},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2260349},
art_number={6509445},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884684075&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2260349&partnerID=40&md5=7009719518fed3f4c49160d38791f936},
affiliation={Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States},
abstract={A reader design for reading back at very high density is proposed for bit patterned media recording (BPMR). The idea is a rotated sense head, so that the shields are aligned down-track, combined with oversampled signal processing to regain the lost down-track resolution. Simulation results show that the proposed reader has more than 20 dB gain compared with a normally oriented head array for reading back at 10 Tbit/in2. The tradeoff between oversampling and increased target length is examined. Island jitters are found to be non-Gaussian distributed. The performance of the new design is investigated for various bit patterns, island jitter and head noise. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  ECC media;  island jitter;  magnetoresistive head},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Ecc medias;  Magnetoresistive heads;  Non-Gaussian;  Over sampling;  Oversampled, Design;  Jitter, Magnetic recording},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Wang, S., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49 (7), pp. 3644-3647. , Jul; Xu, S., Zhou, G., Chen, J., Liu, B., Shingled writer design for 10 Tb/in patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 3891-3894. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 3639-3647. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , DOI 10.1109/ICC.2007.1035, 4289706, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07; Cai, K., Modeling, detection and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording Proc. IEEE Globecom 2010 Workshop Appl. Commun. Theory to Emerg. Memory Technol., pp. 1910-1914; Wang, Y., Erden, M.F., Victora, R.H., Novel system design for readback at 10 Terabits per square inch user areal density IEEE Magn. Lett., 3 (2012). , Article#: 2226935; Smith, N., Arnett, P., White-noise magnetization fluctuations in magnetoresistive heads (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (10), pp. 1448-1450. , DOI 10.1063/1.1352694; Wood, R., Miles, J., Olsen, T., Recording technologies for Terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1711-1717. , Jul; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, pp. 112-119. , Cambridge U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 310-336; Victora, R.H., Two-dimensional magnetic recording at 10 Tbits/in (2012) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 48 (5), pp. 1697-1703. , May; Moon, J., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Victora, R.H.; Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, , Minneapolis, MN, United States; email: victora@umn.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Han20135215,
author={Han, G. and Guan, Y.L. and Cai, K. and Chan, K.S.},
title={Asymmetric iterative multi-track detection for 2-D non-binary LDPC-coded magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={10},
pages={5215-5221},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2262293},
art_number={6514942},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884678143&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2262293&partnerID=40&md5=6e56add8cd96957cf92b8d3c692dc87e},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Inter-track interference (ITI) is a major source of signal impairment in the next-generation magnetic recording systems. The single-track read channel model, combined with anti-ITI signal detection schemes, is a popular way to recover single-track data from a readback signal corrupted by the ITI. On the other hand, the multi-track read channel model can be used to simultaneously recover multi-track data from a readback signal. However, the performance of multi-track detection is severely degraded by the weak signals from the sidetracks and the indistinguishable symbols. To improve this performance, in this paper we propose a two-dimensional coding in conjunction with an asymmetric iterative multi-track detection (A-IMD) scheme, which uses joint channel detection and decoding of two parallel six-symbol-based detectors concatenated with two parallel non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) decoder over GF(4), to iteratively recover four-track data from two readback signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the multi-track detection can indeed be greatly improved by using the proposed A-IMD scheme. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  inter-track interference (ITI);  multi-track detection;  non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes},
keywords={Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Low density parity check;  Magnetic recording systems;  Multi-track detections;  Signal impairment;  Two-dimensional coding, Detectors;  Iterative decoding;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Recovery, Signal detection},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3691-3694. , Oct; Fujii, M., Shinohara, N., Multitrack iterative ITI canceller for shingled write recording (2010) Proc. Int. Symp. Communications and Information Technologies, pp. 1062-1067. , Tokyo, Japan, Oct; Fujii, M., Iterative multi-track ITI canceller for nonbinary-LDPCcoded two-dimensional magnetic recording (2012) IEICE Trans. Electron., E95-C (1), pp. 163-171. , Jan; Liu, X., Shi, C., Teng, M., Ma, X., Error correction coding with LDPC codes for patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3745-3748. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Bahl, L.R., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 21-28. , Jan; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1997) Electronics Letters, 33 (6), pp. 457-458; Mackay, D.J.C., Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45 (2), pp. 399-431. , Mar; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D., Low-density parity check codes over GF(q) (1998) IEEE Communications Letters, 2 (6), pp. 165-167; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Evaluation of detection algorithms for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISSUE.), pp. 397-404. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.066, PII S0304885304011448; Barnault, L., Declercq, D., Fast decoding algorithm for LDPC over GF(2q) (2003) Proc. Inf. TheoryWorkshop, pp. 70-73. , Paris, France, Mar; Voicila, A., Low-complexity decoding for non-binary LDPC codes in high order fields (2010) IEEE Trans. Commun., 58 (5), pp. 1365-1375. , May; http://www.ieee802.org/I6/tge/IEEE802.16e, [Online]; http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/codes/, [Online]},
correspondence_address1={Han, G.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, , 639798 Singapore, Singapore; email: gjhan@ntu.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaganovskiy2013,
author={Kaganovskiy, L. and Lau, J.W. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Influence of a low anisotropy grain on magnetization reversal in polycrystalline bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2013},
volume={114},
number={12},
doi={10.1063/1.4822315},
art_number={123909},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885417091&doi=10.1063%2f1.4822315&partnerID=40&md5=81134f04fda31f8e323abf16eb48f57f},
affiliation={Mathematics Department, Touro College, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11230, United States; Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States; Electrical Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States; Electrical Computer Engineering, Chemical Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We compute the switching field in a disk-shaped polycrystalline exchange-coupled bit (similar material to those found in bit-patterned media (BPM)) with micromagnetics, by varying physical parameters of a test grain. It was found that the size and the anisotropy of the test grain have substantial effects on the switching field, while its location has only minor influence. Scaling of the bit and the test grain dimensions result in similar switching properties. Switching field was reduced when the number of the low anisotropy test grains increased. Additionally, it was established that the intergranular exchange coupling needs to be at least 10% of the intragrain exchange for the bit to behave as one exchange-coupled entity. This investigation provides some insights for optimizing the material microstructure for the BPM application. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Switching;  Textures, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Exchange coupled;  Inter-granular exchange couplings;  Material microstructures;  Physical parameters;  Similar material;  Switching properties, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, CMMI-0927786, ECCS-0702752, ECCS-0926027},
funding_text 1={This research was supported in part by NSF Grants ECCS-0926027, CMMI-0927786, and ECCS-0702752, and with the resources of the Center for Integrated Bio and Nanosystems. The authors would like to thank Dr. Dieter Weller of Hitachi GST for fruitful discussions.},
references={Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 6845-6847. , 10.1063/1.1447174; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , 10.1109/20.560144; Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Combinatorial synthesis of Co/Pd magnetic multilayers (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (11), p. 113901. , 10.1063/1.2200879; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Chunsheng, E., Rantschler, J., Zhang, S., Khizroev, S., Lee, T.R., Litvinov, D., Low temperature vacuum annealing study of (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103 (7), pp. 07B510. , 10.1063/1.2832438; Litvinov, D., Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Rantschler, J., Ruchhoeft, P., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of nanoscale bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 7 (4), pp. 463-476. , 10.1109/TNANO.2008.920183; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wong, S.K., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., Anomalous hall effect measurements on capped bit-patterned media (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, pp. 142503-142505. , 10.1063/1.3645634; Shaw, J., Rippard, W., Russek, S., Reith, T., Falco, C., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909. , 10.1063/1.2431399; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.-H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 10.1063/1.2822439; Spargo, A.W., Ridley, P.H.W., Roberts, G.W., Chantrell, R.W., Influences of granular microstructure on the reversal mechanism of co nanoelements (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6923. , 10.1063/1.1452191; Kaganovskiy, L., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Influence of low anisotropy inclusions on magnetization reversal in bit-patterned arrays (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033924. , 10.1063/1.3679563; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, , Technical report, Interagency Report No. NISTIR 6376; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic defects in perpendicularly magnetized multilayer thin films and nanostructures (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82 (14), p. 144437. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144437; Guo, V.W., Lee, H.-S., Zhu, J.-G., Influences of film microstructure and defects on magnetization reversal in bit patterned Co/Pt multilayer thin film media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (9), p. 093908. , 10.1063/1.3558986},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Amo201352,
author={Amo, M. and Mabuchi, K. and Yoshida, H. and Dai, Q. and Marchon, B.},
title={Corrosion resistance of next generation magnetic disk (2): Synthesis and properties of novel lubricant for magnetic disk towards improved anti-corrosion},
journal={Zairyo to Kankyo/ Corrosion Engineering},
year={2013},
volume={62},
number={2},
pages={52-55},
doi={10.3323/jcorr.62.52},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883180817&doi=10.3323%2fjcorr.62.52&partnerID=40&md5=90bc0c22098bc37892c37aff1a57a779},
affiliation={Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Japan; HGST, Western Digital Comftany, Japan},
abstract={Novel lubricant with corrosion inhibiting benzotriazole groups was designed and synthesized to secure reliability of next generation bit patterned media (BPM). The novel lubricant exhibited excellent anti-corrosion ability compared to those of the conventional lubricants. Furthermore, the novel lubricant could be a good candidate for thermal assisted magnetic recording (TAR) because of its high thermal durability.},
author_keywords={Benzotriazole;  Bit patterned media;  Lubricant;  Magnetic disk;  Synthesis},
keywords={Anti-corrosion;  Anti-corrosion ability;  Benzotriazoles;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  High thermal;  Magnetic disk, Corrosion protection;  Lubricants;  Nonvolatile storage;  Synthesis (chemical), Corrosion resistance},
references={Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), p. 2510; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), p. 3816; Shiroishi, Y., (2010) MagneticsJpn, 5 (7), p. 312; Mabuchi, K., Amo, M., Dai, Q., Marchon, B., (2013) Zairyo-to Kankyo, , in press},
correspondence_address1={Hitachi, Ltd., Japan},
issn={09170480},
coden={ZAKAE},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={Zairyo Kankyo},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Arrayangkool2013,
author={Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C. and Myint, L.M.M. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A simple recorded-bit patterning scheme for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2013},
year={2013},
doi={10.1109/ECTICon.2013.6559583},
art_number={6559583},
note={cited By 7; Conference of 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2013 ; Conference Date: 15 May 2013 Through 17 May 2013;  Conference Code:98688},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883111379&doi=10.1109%2fECTICon.2013.6559583&partnerID=40&md5=bc7f06ceb571f42fd167c4909c728754},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani 16120, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand},
abstract={In bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR), inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI) become a major impairment due to small bit and track pitches. One way to alleviate ISI and ITI is to encode the data sequence before recording. In general, two-dimensional (2D) coding scheme requires many redundant bits, thus lowering the code rate. This paper proposes a novel 2D coding scheme (referred to as a simple recorded-bit patterning (RBP) scheme) with high code rate to combat both ISI and ITI effects. Specifically, the data bits will first be patterned by finding the best data pattern based on a look-up table that can avoid severe ISI and ITI effects before recording. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can provide a significant performance improvement if compared to the system without coding. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={BPMR;  position jitter noise;  recorded-bit patterning (RBP);  two-dimensional equalization},
keywords={Bit-patterned media recordings;  BPMR;  Data sequences;  Inter-track interferences;  Intersymbol interferences (ISI);  Position jitter;  recorded-bit patterning (RBP);  Two-dimensional equalization, Information technology;  Jitter;  Table lookup, Magnetic recording},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Kurihara, Y., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M.Z., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320, pp. 3140-3143. , Aug; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two dimentional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , Jun; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Koonkarnkhai, S., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Iterative decoding for high-density bit-patterned media recording (2012) Procedia Engineering 32, pp. 323-328. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3527. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum like-lihood detector (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={College of Data Storage Innovation, , Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
address={Krabi},
isbn={9781479905454},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Electr. Eng./Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol., ECTI-CON},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Fontana2013,
author={Fontana, R.E. and Decad, G.M. and Hetzler, S.R.},
title={The impact of areal density and millions of square inches (MSI) of produced memory on petabyte shipments of TAPE, NAND flash, and HDD storage class memories},
journal={IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies},
year={2013},
doi={10.1109/MSST.2013.6558421},
art_number={6558421},
note={cited By 14; Conference of 2013 IEEE 29th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, MSST 2013 ; Conference Date: 6 May 2013 Through 10 May 2013;  Conference Code:98897},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883098854&doi=10.1109%2fMSST.2013.6558421&partnerID=40&md5=53e2fd37fe9f37cfadb5359a9dc2edf3},
affiliation={IBM Systems and Technology Group IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States; IBM Research Division IBM Almaden Research Cente, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={Increases in annual petabyte (PB) shipments for storage class memories (SCM) are driven by both increases in areal density and increases in manufacturing capacity. Increases in areal density tend to reduce cost per bit while increases in manufacturing capacity are cost neutral or slightly increase cost per bit. This paper surveys the last five years of PB shipments, areal density, revenue, and cost per bit for magnetic tape (TAPE), hard disk drives (HDD), and NAND flash to study manufacturing and cost trends for storage class memories. First, using the five year data for PB shipments and areal density values for TAPE, HDD and NAND flash, this paper applies a manufacturing measure used by semiconductors, millions of square inches or MSI of produced memory, to TAPE, HDD, and NAND flash in order to compare manufacturing requirements for these three SCM technologies. The MSI calculations shows for HDD and NAND, with slowing areal density increases, that manufacturing investments will be required for sustaining PB shipment growth while for TAPE modest investment in manufacturing capacity is required. The MSI calculations also show that the cost of NAND replacing HDD is prohibitive based simply on present day manufacturing capacity and show that for HDD to adopt processing requirements for patterned media, the next proposed areal density improvement for HDD, would require significant manufacturing investments. Second, using the five year data for PB shipments and revenue for TAPE, HDD, and NAND flash, trends in cost per bit for the SCM technologies can be determined and related to both technology innovations, i.e. lithography for NAND flash and predictable areal density increases for TAPE, and to external market factors, i.e. industry consolidation for HDD and mobile computing for NAND flash. Lastly, while 2012 PB shipments for TAPE, HDD, and NAND flash totaled 430,000 PB, dominated by HDD with 380,000 PB, perceived information creation in 2012 was over 1,300,000 PB, posing the question to SCM manufacturers as to how information is stored in today's environment. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic Disk Recording;  Magnetic Tape Recording;  Manufacturing Technology;  Solid State Memories},
keywords={Industry consolidation;  Information creation;  Magnetic disk recording;  Manufacturing capacity;  Manufacturing investment;  Manufacturing technologies;  Solid state memory;  Technology innovation, Costs;  Digital storage;  Economics;  Engineering education;  Investments;  Magnetic tape;  Manufacture;  Ships;  Technology, Hard disk storage},
references={Chernery, M., (2011) AIS 2011 Conference Slide, , www.lsi/AIS2011/Documents/LSIKeynoteMikeChernery.pdf, 11, Nov; Santa Clara Consulting Group, , www.sccg.com/tapetracker.html; EE Times, , http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4211068/Analyst-NAND-flash- market-to-grow-16-in-2011; (2012) Marketwatch Mar, , http://www.marketwatch.com/story/hddsfuture-prospects-shine-seagate- western-digital-poised-for-growth-ashdds-maintain-a-10x-cost-advantage-2012-03- 06; Cross-section Micrograph Provided by Leslie Krupp, Science and Technology Group, , Almaden Research Center, IBM Research Division, lkrupp@us.ibm.com; (2011) Semiconductor Fab Wiki, , http://www.semiwiki.com/forum/showwiki.php?title=Semi+Wiki: Semiconductor+Fab+Wiki; Hetzler, S., The storage chasm: Implications for the future of hdd and solid state storage (2008) IDEMA The Future of Non-Volatile Technologies Symposium, , http://www.idema.org/wpcontent/downloads/2007.pdf, Dec; ITRS 2012 Lithography Update, , www.itrs.org; Fontana, R., Hetzler, S., Decad, G., Technology roadmap comparisons for TAPE, HDD, and NAND flash: Implications for data storage applications (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (5), pp. 1692-1696. , May},
correspondence_address1={IBM Systems and Technology Group IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States},
address={Long Beach, CA},
issn={21601968},
isbn={9781479902170},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Symp. Mass Storage Syst. Technol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukui20131685,
author={Fukui, S. and Oono, A. and Matsuoka, H.},
title={Dynamic flying characteristics of an air bearing slider over a disk with grooves and distribution of material properties},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2013},
volume={19},
number={9-10},
pages={1685-1690},
doi={10.1007/s00542-013-1879-8},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883465396&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-013-1879-8&partnerID=40&md5=0d1f50a0cbbed5cbdee1ef4e688840f6},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Minami, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) consisting of land parts for read/writing and grooves, which are almost filled with non-magnetic materials to prevent magnetic interference between recording bits, are considered to be promising media for achieving ultrahigh density recording. A flying head slider flying over a BPM disk suffers from variations in both the spacing and van der Waals (vdW) attractive forces, which induce slider vibrations and spacing fluctuations. In the present study, we considered that BPM disks not only have a groove depth distribution, but that they also have a distribution of material properties (e.g., refractive index), which gives rise to a distribution in the vdW force. In the dynamic responses of sliders with small groove depths and a small variation in the refractive index, spacing fluctuations are found to be a superposition of fluctuations due to slider behaviors (1) over a disk with transverse grooves in a uniform material with a uniform refractive index (Case 1) and (2) over a flat disk with a refractive index distribution (Case 2). When the effects of Cases 1 and 2 cancel each other, the spacing fluctuations for the two cases cancel each other, reducing the total spacing fluctuation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
keywords={Air bearing sliders;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Flying head slider;  Magnetic interference;  Non-magnetic materials;  Refractive-index distribution;  Small variations;  Ultrahigh-density recording, Dynamic response;  Magnetic materials;  Materials properties;  Van der Waals forces, Refractive index},
references={Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized boltzmann equation: First report - Derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) Trans ASME J Tribol, 110, pp. 253-262. , 10.1115/1.3261594; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., A database for interpolation of poiseuille flow rates for high knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) Trans ASME J Tribol, 112, pp. 78-83. , 10.1115/1.2920234; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Dynamic analysis of flying head sliders with ultra-thin spacing based on the boltzmann equation (comparison with two limiting approximations) (1990) JSME Int J ser III, 33, pp. 76-82; Fukui, S., Kanamaru, T., Matsuoka, H., Dynamic analysis schemes for flying head sliders over discrete track media (2008) IEEE Trans Mag, 44, pp. 3671-3674. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002526; Fukui, S., Sato, A., Matsuoka, H., Static and dynamic flying characteristics of a slider on bit-patterned media (dynamic responses based on frequency domain analysis) (2012) Microsys Technol, 18, pp. 1633-1643. , 10.1007/s00542-012-1601-2; Israelachvili, J.N., (1992) Intermolecular and Surface Forces, , 2 Academic Press Dublin; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned medium with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans Mag, 44, pp. 3656-3662. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002613; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsys Technol, , 10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9; Matsuoka, H., Ohkubo, S., Fukui, S., Corrected expression of the van der Waals pressure for multilayered system with application to analyses of static characteristics of flying head sliders with an ultrasmall spacing (2005) Microsys Technol, 11, pp. 824-829. , 10.1007/s00542-005-0541-5; Murthy, A.N., Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned media (2010) Tribol Lett, 38, pp. 47-55. , 10.1007/s11249-009-9570-z; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C.J., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans Mag, 41, pp. 670-675. , 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049},
correspondence_address1={Fukui, S.; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 4-101 Minami, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; email: fukui@damp.tottori-u.ac.jp},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20131401,
author={Li, L. and Bogy, D.B.},
title={Air bearing dynamic stability on bit patterned media disks},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2013},
volume={19},
number={9-10},
pages={1401-1406},
doi={10.1007/s00542-013-1826-8},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883461972&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-013-1826-8&partnerID=40&md5=5a9403f16edf7d4cfdef67541d9b9766},
affiliation={Computer Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States},
abstract={Bit Patterned media (BPM) recording is one of the potential technologies to be used in future disk drives in order to increase the areal density to 5 Tbit/in2. But one of the main obstacles for BPM is to achieve dynamic stability of the air bearing slider at the head-disk interface (HDI). In this paper we first use a direct simulation method to check the accuracy of our previously developed Homogenization Reynolds equation solution. After confirming the accuracy it is then implemented to study the slider's flying attitude on BPM disks. Then we investigate the system's parameters using a system identification method by simultaneously solving the equations of motion of the slider and the Homogenization Reynolds equation. We observe that the first pitch mode frequency of the air bearing increases with increase of pattern groove area ratio and pattern height. And the stiffness decreases when the pattern groove area ratio or pattern height increases. We conclude that a partially planarized BPM is preferred in order to maintain the dynamic stability of the HDI. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
keywords={Air bearing dynamics;  Air bearing sliders;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Direct simulation;  Head disk interface;  Potential technologies;  System identification methods, Bearings (machine parts);  Homogenization method;  Reynolds equation, Nonvolatile storage},
references={Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized boltzmann-equation: First report-derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) ASME J Tribol, 110 (2), pp. 253-262. , 10.1115/1.3261594; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., A database for interpolation of poiseuille flow-rates for high knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) ASME J. Tribol, 112 (1), pp. 78-83. , 10.1115/1.2920234; Gupta, V., (2007) Air Bearing Slider Dynamics and Stability in Hard Disk Drives, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Hanchi, J., Sonda, P., Crone, R., Dynamic fly performance of air bearing sliders on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans Magn, 47 (1), pp. 46-50. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2071857; Hu, Y., (1996) Head-disk-suspension Dynamics, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44, pp. 3656-3662. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002613; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsyst Technol, 17, pp. 805-812. , 10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., (2011) Numerical Simulations of Slider Dynamics over Patterned Media with Servo Zones, IEEE International Magnetics Conference, April 25-29, , Taipei Taiwan; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol Lett, 33, pp. 199-204. , 10.1007/s11249-009-9409-7; Li, J., Xu, J., Kobayashi, M., Slider dynamics over a discrete track medium with servo patterns (2011) Tribol Lett, 42 (2), pp. 233-239. , 10.1007/s11249-011-9767-9; Myo, K.S., Zhou, W., Yu, S., Hua, W., Direct monte carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans Magn, 47, pp. 2660-2663. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2159965; Zeng, Q.H., Bogy, D.B., A modal analysis method for slider air bearing in hard disk drives (1999) ASME J Tribol, 121 (3), pp. 341-347. , 10.1115/1.2833943; Zeng, Q.H., Chen, L.S., Bogy, D.B., A modal analysis method for slider air bearing in hard disk drives (1997) IEEE Trans Magn, 33, pp. 3124-3126. , 10.1109/20.617865},
correspondence_address1={Li, L.; Computer Mechanics Laboratory, , Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; email: mellxaa@gmail.com},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2013985,
author={Li, H. and Wei, D. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Optimization of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy tips for high resolution magnetic force microscopy by micromagnetic simulations},
journal={Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing},
year={2013},
volume={112},
number={4},
pages={985-991},
doi={10.1007/s00339-012-7459-4},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881558424&doi=10.1007%2fs00339-012-7459-4&partnerID=40&md5=270d672b0d3e3e8e261f096b0025f99d},
affiliation={Lab of Advanced Materials, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Data Storage Institute, ASTAR DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) tip coated with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy film (PMA tip) is one of the choices for high resolution imaging at low scan height (SH), since it has negligible tip-sample interaction related to its stable magnetic state, sharp, and small tip stray field. In this work, detailed micromagnetic studies are carried out to understand the effect of geometrical and magnetic parameters including the cone angle θ of the PMA tip, intergrain exchange constant A-{2}, saturation magnetization M s and uniaxial crystalline anisotropy constant K 1 of the tip coating on the MFM tip resolution. To evaluate the resolution performance of the optimized PMA tip, MFM images of high-density granular recording media and patterned media are simulated. We find that, for the PMA tip and its coating, a cone angle in a range of 36.9â̂̃ to 53.1 â̂̃, a saturation M s of 700 emu/cm 3, a large uniaxial crystalline anisotropy constant K 1 (&gt;4.9×106 erg/cm3) and a high intergrain exchange constant A-{2} of (0.3-1.0)×10-6 erg/cm are optimized conditions for high resolution imaging. The optimized PMA tip has an excellent performance on imaging of high-density thin film media (bit size of 8×16 nm2) at low SH of 2-8 nm and bit pattern media with a pitch of 50 nm, edge-edge spacing of 5-15 nm at SH of 8-15 nm. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
keywords={Crystalline anisotropy;  High-resolution imaging;  Intergrain exchange;  Magnetic force microscopy tips;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Optimized conditions;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Tip-sample interaction, Coatings;  Crystalline materials;  Image reconstruction;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Saturation magnetization, Optimization},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51071088},
funding_text 1={The authors are thankful for the support of NSFC 51071088.},
references={Martin, Y., Wickramasinghe, H.K., (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett., 50, p. 1455. , 1987ApPhL.50.1455M 10.1063/1.97800; Fischer, P.B., Wei, M.S., Chou, S.Y., (1993) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 11, p. 2570. , 10.1116/1.586626; Gao, L., Yue, L.P., Yokota, T., Skomski, R., Liou, S.H., Takahoshi, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2194. , 2004ITM.40.2194G 10.1109/TMAG.2004.829173; Koblischka, M.R., Hartmann, U., Sulzbach, T., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 2138. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.030; Kuramochi, H., Uzumaki, T., Yasutake, M., Tanaka, A., Akinaga, H., Yokoyama, H., (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, p. 24. , 2005Nanot.16.24K 10.1088/0957-4484/16/1/006; Saito, H., Sunahara, R., Rheem, Y., Ishio, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 4394. , 2005ITM.41.4394S 10.1109/TMAG.2005.859891; Ohtake, M., Soneta, K., Futamoto, M., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111. , 07E339 10.1063/1.3678298; Skidmore, G.D., Dahlberg, E.D., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 3293. , 1997ApPhL.71.3293S 10.1063/1.120316; Chen, I., Chen, L., Gapin, A., Jin, S., Yuan, L., Liou, S., (2008) Nanotechnology, 19. , 075501 2008Nanot.19g5501C 10.1088/0957-4484/19/7/075501; Huang, H.S., Lin, M.W., Sun, Y.C., Lin, L.J., (2007) Scr. Mater., 56, p. 365. , 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.11.014; Amos, N., Lavrenov, A., Fernandez, R., Ikkawi, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105. , 07D526 10.1063/1.3068625; Grutter, P., Rugar, D., Mamin, H.J., Castillo, G., Lambert, S.E., Lin, C.-J., Valetta, R.M., Greschner, J., (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., 57, p. 1820. , 1990ApPhL.57.1820G 10.1063/1.104030; Piramanayagam, S.N., Ranjbar, M., Tan, E.L., Tan, H.K., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109. , 07E326 10.1063/1.3551733; Li, H., Wei, D., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111. , 07E309 10.1063/1.3671785; Wei, D., Wang, S., Ding, Z., Gao, K., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3035. , 2009ITM.45.3035W 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024950; Li, H., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Zhong, H., Wei, D., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2570. , 2010ITM.46.2570L 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044510; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 1997ITM.33.990W 10.1109/20.560144; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725. , 2002ITM.38.1725R 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763; Lee, N., Kim, Y., Kang, S., Hong, J., (2004) Nanotechnology, 15, p. 901. , 2004Nanot.15.901L 10.1088/0957-4484/15/8/005; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92. , 012506 2008ApPhL.92a2506L 10.1063/1.2822439; Porthun, S., Abelmann, L., Lodder, C., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 182, p. 238. , 1998JMMM.182.238P 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)01010-X; Schönenberger, C., Alvarado, S.F., (1990) Z. Phys. B, Condens. Matter, 80, p. 373. , 10.1007/BF01323519; Saito, H., Van Den Bos, A., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 3447. , 2003ITM.39.3447S 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816178; Iwasaki, S.I., Ouchi, K., (1978) IEEE Trans. Magn., 14, p. 849. , 1978ITM.14.849I 10.1109/TMAG.1978.1059928},
correspondence_address1={Wei, D.; Lab of Advanced Materials, , Beijing 100084, China; email: weidan@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn},
issn={09478396},
coden={APAMF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys A},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zheng2013,
author={Zheng, Z. and Chang, L. and Nekrashevich, I. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Fabrication of Dense Non-Circular Nanomagnetic Device Arrays Using Self-Limiting Low-Energy Glow-Discharge Processing},
journal={PLoS ONE},
year={2013},
volume={8},
number={8},
doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0073083},
art_number={e73083},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881485736&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0073083&partnerID=40&md5=e1ad8b4340fe572c7da37570ca30b15b},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States},
abstract={We describe a low-energy glow-discharge process using reactive ion etching system that enables non-circular device patterns, such as squares or hexagons, to be formed from a precursor array of uniform circular openings in polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA, defined by electron beam lithography. This technique is of a particular interest for bit-patterned magnetic recording medium fabrication, where close packed square magnetic bits may improve its recording performance. The process and results of generating close packed square patterns by self-limiting low-energy glow-discharge are investigated. Dense magnetic arrays formed by electrochemical deposition of nickel over self-limiting formed molds are demonstrated. © 2013 Litvinov et al.},
keywords={nickel;  poly(methyl methacrylate), article;  data storage device;  nanofabrication;  noncircular nanomagnetic device array;  processing;  self limiting low energy glow discharge processing, Electrochemical Techniques;  Magnetic Phenomena;  Nanotechnology;  Surface Properties;  Temperature},
chemicals_cas={nickel, 7440-02-0; poly(methyl methacrylate), 39320-98-4, 9008-29-1},
funding_details={CBET-0933140, CMMI-0927786, ECCS-0926027},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={Directorate for EngineeringDirectorate for Engineering, ENG, 0926027, 0927786, 0933140},
references={Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., Patterned Media: Nanofabrication Challenges of Future Disk Drives (2008) Proc IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846. , doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007600; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Future Options for HDD Storage (2009) IEEE Trans Magn, 45, pp. 3816-3822. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024879; Parekh, V.A., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Brankovic, S., Litvinov, D., Close-packed noncircular nanodevice pattern generation by self-limiting ion-mill process (2007) Nano Lett, 7, pp. 3246-3248. , doi: 10.1021/nl071793r; Chang, T.H.P., Proximity effect in electron beam lithography (1975) J Vac Sci Technol, 12, pp. 1271-1275. , doi: 10.1116/1.568515; Owen, G., Rissman, P., Proximity effect correction for electron beam lithography by equalization of background dose (1983) J Appl Phys, 54, pp. 3573-3581. , doi: 10.1063/1.332426; Owen, G., Proximity Effect Correction in Electron-Beam Lithography-Ii (1993) Electron-Beam, X-Ray, and Ion-Beam Submicrometer Lithographies for Manufacturing Iii, 1924, pp. 114-125; Osawa, M., Takahashi, K., Sato, M., Arimoto, H., Ogino, K., Proximity effect correction using pattern shape modification and area density map for electron-beam projection lithography (2001) J Vac Sci Technol B, 19, pp. 2483-2487. , doi: 10.1116/1.1388624; Liu, C.H., Tien, P.L., Ng, P.C.W., Shen, Y.T., Tsai, K.Y., Model-Based Proximity Effect Correction for Electron-Beam-Direct-Write Lithography (2010) Altern Lithographic Technol, Ii, p. 7637; Nagano, S., Matsushita, Y., Ohnuma, Y., Shinma, S., Seki, T., Formation of a highly ordered dot array of surface micelles of a block copolymer via liquid crystal-hybridized self-assembly (2006) Langmuir, 22, pp. 5233-5236. , doi: 10.1021/la060350k; Ahn, D.U., Sancaktar, E., Fabrication of well-defined block copolymer nano-cylinders by controlling the thermodynamics and kinetics involved in block copolymer self-assembly (2008) Soft Matter, 4, pp. 1454-1466. , doi: 10.1039/b801515e; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) Magn IEEE Transactions On, 35, pp. 4423-4439. , doi: 10.1109/20.809134; Tehrani, S., Engel, B., Slaughter, J.M., Chen, E., DeHerrera, M., Recent developments in magnetic tunnel junction MRAM (2000) Magn IEEE Transactions On, 36, pp. 2752-2757. , doi: 10.1109/20.908581; Koval, Y., Mechanism of etching and surface relief development of PMMA under low-energy ion bombardment (2004) J Vac Sci Technol B, 22, pp. 843-851. , doi: 10.1116/1.1689306; Bruce, R.L., Engelmann, S., Lin, T., Kwon, T., Phaneuf, R.J., Study of ion and vacuum ultraviolet-induced effects on styrene- and ester-based polymers exposed to argon plasma (2009) J Vac Sci Technol B, 27, pp. 1142-1155. , doi: 10.1116/1.3136864; Zhou, Z.F., Zhou, Y.C., Pan, Y., Wang, X.G., Growth of the nickel nanorod arrays fabricated using electrochemical deposition on anodized Al templates (2008) Mater Lett, 62, pp. 3419-3421. , doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.02.071; Nishihara, H., Kwon, T., Fukura, Y., Nakayama, W., Hoshikawa, Y., Fabrication of a Highly Conductive Ordered Porous Electrode by Carbon-Coating of a Continuous Mesoporous Silica Film (2011) Chem Mater, 23, pp. 3144-3151. , doi: 10.1021/cm103388y},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX, United States; email: Litvinov@uh.edu},
issn={19326203},
coden={POLNC},
pubmed_id={23967340},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={PLoS ONE},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ushiyama20133612,
author={Ushiyama, J. and Akagi, F. and Ando, A. and Miyamoto, H.},
title={8-Tb/in2-class bit-patterned medium for thermally assisted magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3612-3615},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2242442},
art_number={6559233},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880849188&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2242442&partnerID=40&md5=78eb11c36aad77ce4699f28aae1f28c5},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan},
abstract={Three-dimensional optical/thermal spot profiles obtained by thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAMR) on bit-patterned media (BPM) with dot densities of 6 to 15 Tb/in2 were numerically analyzed. Introduction of a spacing layer with higher thermal conductivity than that of the recording dots leads to narrow temperature distribution (i.e., steep temperature profile) in the dots. A temperature profile with FWHM of less than 5 nm was obtained on a patterned dot array under areal densities of 6 to 15 Tb/in2. In addition, introduction of a thermal-control layer beneath the recording layer decreased vertical temperature difference within a recording bit while keeping a narrow temperature distribution. Feasibility of 8-Tb/in2-class TAMR on a BPM was verified by LLG simulation with a triangular antenna-type near-field optical element. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Hard disks;  Thermal conductivity;  Thermally assisted (heat-assisted) magnetic recording},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned medium;  Recording layers;  Temperature profiles;  Thermally assisted magnetic recordings;  Vertical temperature differences, Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Temperature control;  Temperature distribution, Thermal conductivity},
references={Sendur, K., Challener, W., Patterned medium for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 032503; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in2 bit patternedmedia (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Ouchi, K., Write margin improvement in bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy at high areal densities (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 11-17. , Jan; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Nakagawa, K., Kim, J., Itoh, A., Finite difference time domain simulation on near-field optics for granular recording media in hybrid recording (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09H504; Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., Thermally assisted magnetic recording with bit-patterned media to achieve areal recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2 (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 309-313; http://www.comsol.som/contact/; Matsumoto, T., Akagi, F., Mochizuki, M., Miyamoto, H., Stipe, B., Integrated head design using a nanobeak antenna for thermally assisted magnetic recording (2012) Opt. Exp., 20 (17), pp. 18946-18954; Akagi, F., (2010) Dig. 34th Annu. Conf. Magn. Japan, 4 AA-9, p. 9},
correspondence_address1={Ushiyama, J.; Central Research Laboratory, , Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; email: junko.ushiyama.td@hitachi.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang20133644,
author={Wang, S. and Wang, Y. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media at 10 Tb/in2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3644-3647},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2237545},
art_number={6559316},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880843109&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2237545&partnerID=40&md5=0157a7047d639831a45887f616bd4863},
affiliation={Center for Micromagnetics AndInformation Technologies, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States},
abstract={In this work, we have combined shingled magnetic recording and bit patterned media (BPM) to achieve an areal density of 10 Tb/in2. In our design, the gradient of the write field along the cross track direction is as high as 700 Oe/nm. Composite BPM are utilized and the ratio of thermal stability to switching field is optimized accordingly. Assuming 5% switching field distribution, 5% timing error, 5% jitter error and 5% track misregistration, the write field is 7.8 kOe and the BER is 8.0× 10 -4 for 10 Tb/in2 with 5.4 nm × 5.4 nm dots; the write field is 7.9 kOe and the BER is 1.0× 10-3 for 9.6 Tb/in2 with 4.4 nm × 4.4 nm dots. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  shingled magnetic recording},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution;  Timing errors;  Track misregistration, Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials, Magnetic recording},
references={Kasiraj, P., New, R., Souza, J., Williams, M., (2005) System and Method for Writing to HDD in Bands, , U.S. Patent 2005/0069298 A1; Greaves, S., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1460-1463. , Jun; Greaves, S., The potential of bit patterned media in shingled recording J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (201), pp. 314-320; Kanai, Y., Finite-element and micromagnetic modeling of write heads for shingled recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 715-721. , Mar; Shen, X., Kapoor, M., Field, R., Victora, R.H., Issues in recording exchange coupled composite media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (2), pp. 676-681. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.888231; Hernandez, S., Kapoor, M., Victora, R.H., Synthetic antiferro-magnet for hard layer of exchange coupled composite media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 132505; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Dong, Y., Wang, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specifications for recording self-assembled bit-patterned media (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B904; Xu, S., Shingled writer design for achieving 10 patterned media recording (2012) Proc. Intermag, , FH-03; Suess, D., Reliability of Sharrocks equation for exchange spring bilayers (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430; Shen, X., Hernandez, S., Victora, R.H., Feasibility of recording 1 areal density (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 163-168. , Jan; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit pat terned recording at 4 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Wang, S.; Center for Micromagnetics AndInformation Technologies, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: wang3936@umn.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lin20133624,
author={Lin, M.Y. and Elidrissi, M.R. and Chan, K.S. and Eason, K. and Wang, H. and Yang, J.K.W. and Asbahi, M. and Thiyagarajah, N. and Ng, V. and Guan, Y.L.},
title={Optimization of bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system via tolerance design},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3624-3627},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2243705},
art_number={6559296},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880829173&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2243705&partnerID=40&md5=6175a2df002f289baa2fadc7cea072ba},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117602, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is a promising approach to push back the onset of the superparamagnetic limit faced by conventional granular media recording (CGMR). Previous work in this area has characterized the position jitter and size jitter from fabricated media at recording densities ranging from 0.6 Tera dots per square inch (Tdpsi) to 2.9 Tdpsi, and the characterizations were used to predict expected densities from the BPMR system. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  hard disk drives (HDDs);  magnetic recording;  optimization;  signal processing},
keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Granular media;  Hard disk drives;  Position jitter;  Recording density;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Tolerance design, Fits and tolerances;  Jitter;  Optimization;  Signal processing;  Superparamagnetism, Magnetic recording},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Fatih Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307; Yang, J.K., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), p. 385301. , 22 Sep; Lin, M., Elidrissi, M.R., Chan, K.S., Eason, K., Chua, M., Ashahi, M., Yang, J., Ng, V., Channel characterization and performance evaluation of bit-patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , accepted for publication; Dong, Y., Victora, R., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Robert, S., Randeep, S.S., (1997) Tolerance Design of Electronic Circuits., , Singapore: World Scientific},
correspondence_address1={Lin, M.Y.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: LIN_Yu@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima20133608,
author={Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Control of magnetic properties of MnGa films by Kr+ ion irradiation for application to bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3608-3611},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2249501},
art_number={6558921},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880826503&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2249501&partnerID=40&md5=8fefa7ebbf46a1047f3ac229917f3df3},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Research, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0819, Japan},
abstract={(001) oriented L10 phase MnGa films were grown on Cr (20 nm)/MgO(001) substrate, and Kr+ ion irradiation on the MnGa films was carried out to control their magnetic properties. Highly ordered MnGa films were obtained at a relatively low temperature of 400°C, and the film exhibited the saturation magnetization Ms of 450 emu/cc and uniaxial anisotropy Ku of ∼}7× 106 erg/cc before the irradiation. The Ms and Ku gradually decreased with the ion dose and became zero at the dose of 1× 1014 ions/cm 2. While coercivity Hc of the MnGa showed a slight increase up to the dose of 1× 1013 ions/cm2 and decreased abruptly with further increase of the ion dose. Ion beam patterned MnGa film with pitch sizes down to 80 nm was fabricated by the ion irradiation through the micro-fabricated resist masks. Magnetically patterned but topologically flat MnGa film was successfully fabricated, which suggests the practical application of the MnGa films to high-density planer bit patterned media. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Ion irradiation;  MnGa;  phase change;  planar bit patterned media},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Ion dose;  Low temperatures;  MnGa;  Phase Change;  Uniaxial anisotropy, Fabrication;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic properties;  Saturation magnetization, Gallium alloys},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23360153, 24656229, 25420305, 25630146},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.902970; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt utrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation - Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) Journal of Applied Physics, 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849. , DOI 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga Ion irradiation (2006) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2972-2974; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr ion-irradiated CrPt films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 053908; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Observation of ferri-nonmagnetic boundary in CrPt line-and-space patterned media using a dark-field transmission electron microscope (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 1617-1621; Krishnan, K.M., Ferromagnetic-Mn Ga thin films with perpendicular anisotropy (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, pp. 2365-2367; Mizukami, S., Kubota, T., Wu, F., Zhang, X., Miyazaki, T., Composition dependence of magnetic properties in perpendicularly magnetized epitaxial thin films of Mn-Ga alloys (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 014416; Carr, Jr.W.J., Temperature dependence of ferromagnetic anisotropy (1958) Phys. Rev., 109, pp. 1971-1976; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Chemical-order-dependent magnetic anisotropy and exchange stiffness constant of FePt (001) epitaxial films (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 024413},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, , Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu20133779,
author={Wu, T. and Armand, M.A.},
title={Joint and separate detection-decoding on BPMR channels},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3779-3782},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2250262},
art_number={6559239},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880792935&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2250262&partnerID=40&md5=0eff098f6241410637f23452a5df8611},
affiliation={Communications and Networks Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The presence of written-in errors is recognized as a challenging issue that limits the performance of bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). In this paper, we consider the Davey-MacKay coding scheme for a BPMR channel model which consists of a write channel producing dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors and a single-track equalized read channel with a GPR target. Three detection-decoding algorithms are proposed to work with an outer LDPC decoder to recover data encoded by the DM coding scheme on the BPMR channel. These include the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv binary input inner decoder (BCJR-BIID) algorithm, the joint detection-decoding algorithm and the separate detection-decoding (SDD) algorithm. Computer simulations show that at low to moderate (resp. high) signal-to-noise ratios, SDD (resp. BCJR-BIID) provides good performance-complexity trade-offs. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Channel detection;  Davey-MacKay (DM) construction;  Written-in errors},
keywords={Bahl-cocke-jelinek-raviv;  Binary inputs;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel detection;  Channel model;  Read channels;  Written-in errors, Algorithms;  Coding errors;  Computer simulation;  Decoding;  Magnetic recording, Channel coding},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-Patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , DOI 10.1109/18.910582, PII S0018944801007325; Wu, T., Armand, M.A., The Davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion and substitution errors (2013) IEEE Trans. Mag., 49 (1), pp. 489-495. , Jan; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Wu, C., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., Interleaved LDPC codes, reduced-complexity inner decoder and an iterative decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction (2011) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, pp. 742-746. , in, St. Petersburg, Russia, July/Aug},
correspondence_address1={Armand, M.A.; Communications and Networks Laboratory, , 117576 Singapore, Singapore; email: eleama@nus.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20133600,
author={Honda, A. and Honda, N. and Ariake, J.},
title={Deposition of inclined Co-Pt film with inclined anisotropy},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3600-3603},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2239964},
art_number={6559209},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880783002&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2239964&partnerID=40&md5=cd5e2f639605bb9588add71b91a9ef9e},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai 982-8577, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Deposition of inclined anisotropy film for bit-patterned media was studied using oblique incidence collimated sputtering. Co-Pt20 films with a thickness of 10 nm deposited on an annealed Pt/Ru under layer exhibited an inclination angle of the anisotropy axis of around 10° from the film normal corresponding to that of crystalline orientation. The anisotropy field and the inclination angle were estimated by comparing measured hysteresis loops with simulated loops. The estimated anisotropy field of the film, μ0Hk, was around 1.2 T which indicated an expected anisotropy energy density of 6× 105 J/m3. It was indicated that oblique incidence collimated sputtering is useful to fabricate inclined anisotropy recording media with high anisotropy. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Co-Pt film;  hysteresis loop measurement;  inclined anisotropy axis;  oblique incidence collimated sputtering},
keywords={Anisotropy axis;  Anisotropy energy density;  Bit-patterned media;  Collimated sputtering;  Crystalline orientations;  Hysteresis loop measurements;  Inclination angles;  Oblique incidence, Anisotropy;  Deposition;  Hysteresis loops;  Plasma theory;  Platinum, Cobalt},
references={Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., Mircomagnetic simulations for head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simula tion of 1 patterned media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2195-2200; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., High-Density bit patterned media: Magnetic design and recording performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 6-10. , Jan; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Honda, N., Honda, A., Deposition of inclined orientation film using collimated sputtering (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2544-2547; Honda, A., Honda, N., Ariake, J., Deposition of inclined anisotropy film with oblique incidence collimated sputtering (2012) Abstracts of ICAUMS 2012, 4pPS-121, p. 418. , Nara; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Oikawa, T., Inaba, Y., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Aoi, H., Nakamura, Y., High perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr/Ru films for granular-Type perpendicular media (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2483-2485; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Okazaki, Y., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy by lattice deformation in CoPt/Ru perpendicular films (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08G908. , (1-3); Saito, S., Inoue, K., Takahashi, M., Oblique-incidence sputtering of Ru intermediate layer for decoupling of intergranular exchange in perpendicular recording media (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), pp. 07B753. , (1-3)},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Graduate School of Engineering, , Sendai 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hasegawa20133604,
author={Hasegawa, T. and Kondo, Y. and Yamane, H. and Nagamachi, S. and Ishio, S.},
title={Ferromagnetic-paramagnetic patterning of FePtRh films by Fe ion implantation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={7},
pages={3604-3607},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2245305},
art_number={6558923},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880777405&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2245305&partnerID=40&md5=43f5954e207a4fc886140d31bba027b4},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center (AIT), Akita 010-1623, Japan; Nagamachi Science Laboratory Co. Ltd, Hyogo 661-0976, Japan},
abstract={The crystalline and magnetic properties of 6.12 nm thick Fe x(Pt0.68Rh0.32)100-x films with 50.0≤x≤64.3 and a potential bit-patterning process that utilizes the FM-PM transition caused by Fe ion implantation were investigated. At room temperature, for 50.0 ≤ x ≤ 55.9 the films were ferromagnetic (FM), with an L10 phase, whereas for 57.9 ≤ x ≤ 64.3 the films were paramagnetic (PM), with an A1 phase. This composition dependent FM-PM transition forms the basis of a bit-patterning process in which, at first, micro-fabricated resist masks were prepared on the (ferromagnetic) Fe 50(Pt0.68Rh0.32)50 film. Implantation of Fe ions at a dose of 9× 1015ions/cm2 then results in an increase of x in the implanted areas, from 50.0 to 58.3. After annealing, 300 nm FM dots were observed by magnetic force microscopy, which confirmed that only the implanted areas had changed from FM to PM and that the dot areas had remained in the FM phase with the L10 structure. © 2013 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  FePtRh;  ion implantation;  perpendicular magnetic recording},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot areas;  Fe-ions;  FePtRh;  Ferromagnetic-paramagnetic;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Room temperature, Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic recording;  Paramagnetism;  Platinum;  Rhodium, Ion implantation},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 75 (3), pp. 403-405; Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Denbeaux, G., Thomas, G., Magnetic reversal of ion beam patterned Co/Pt multilayers (2003) Scripta. Mater., 48, pp. 949-954; Abes, M., Rastei, M.V., Venuat, J., Buda-Prejbeanu, L.D., Carvalho, A., Schmerber, G., Arabski, J., Pierron-Bohnes, V., Effect of nanostructuration on the magnetic properties of CoPt films (2006) Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 126 (2-3), pp. 207-211. , DOI 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.09.030, PII S0921510705006252; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C1171-07C1173. , Mar; Hasegawa, T., Li, G.Q., Pei, W., Saito, H., Ishio, S., Taguchi, K., Ya-Makawa, K., Sato, I., Structural transition from phase to phase in FePt films caused by ion irradiation (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (5), pp. 0535051-0535056. , Mar; Hasegawa, T., Pei, W., Wang, T., Fu, Y., Washiya, T., Saito, H., Ishio, S., MFM analysis of the magnetization process in FePt patterned film fabricated by ion irradiation (2008) Acta Mater., 56 (7), pp. 1564-1569. , Jan; Hasegawa, T., Tomioka, T., Kondo, Y., Yamane, H., Ishio, S., Study on nanoscale patterning using ferro-antiferromagnetic transition in-oriented FePtRh film (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7), pp. 07B7051-07B7053. , Mar; Hasegawa, T., Tomioka, T., Kondo, Y., Yamane, H., Ishio, S., Fabrication of -FePtRh ferro-anti ferromagnetic pattern by flat-patterning method (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (7), pp. 07B9031-07B9033. , Feb; Ivanov, O.A., Solina, L.V., Demshina, V.A., Magat, L.M., Determination of the anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization, and magnetic properties of powders of an iron-platinum alloy (1973) Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 35 (1), pp. 92-97; Hasegawa, T., Miyahara, J., Narisawa, T., Ishio, S., Yamane, H., Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Takanashi, K., Study of ferro-antiferromagnetic transition in-oriented FePt Rh film (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (10), pp. 1039281-1039286. , Nov; Ishio, S., Narisawa, T., Takahashi, S., Kamata, Y., Shibata, S., Hasegawa, T., Yan, Z., Ariake, J., FePt thin films with crystalline growth fabricated by SiO addition-Rapid thermal annealing and dot patterning of the films (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 295-302; Sumiyama, K., Shiga, M., Kobayashi, Y., Nishi, K., Nakamura, Y., Strong ferromagnetism in invar type Fe-Pt alloys (1978) J. Phys. F (Met. Phys.), 8 (6), pp. 1281-1289. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Hasegawa, T.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Akita 010-8502, Japan; email: takashi@gipc.akita-u.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kurihara2013,
author={Kurihara, M. and Satake, M. and Nishida, T. and Tsuchiya, Y. and Tada, Y. and Yoshida, H. and Negishi, N.},
title={Silicon mold etching with hard mask stack using spherical structure of block copolymer for bit-patterned media with 2.8 Tbit/in.2},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2013},
volume={52},
number={8},
doi={10.7567/JJAP.52.086201},
art_number={086201},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882409459&doi=10.7567%2fJJAP.52.086201&partnerID=40&md5=ad1aab6d22ebfc0e9e45324ce011e84c},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan},
abstract={We investigated a silicon mold fabrication that uses a hard mask stack by using poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(methacrylate polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) (PMMA-b-PMAPOSS) as the block copolymer (BCP) to assemble nano-patterns for a nano-imprint lithography process during bit-patterned media manufacturing. We developed a dry development process comprised of a single step by taking both the selectivity and anisotropy into consideration, which enables us to create hole patterns by using an array of PMMA spheres embedded in a PMAPOSS matrix. The availability of this process was evaluated from the experimental results that showed that hole patterns at several areal densities were successfully obtained by adjusting the process time under a fixed etching condition. The capability of the pattern transfer to a hard mask from the hole patterns of residual PMAPOSS could be improved by changing the hard mask material from SiO2 to amorphous carbon based on the results from an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis. Silicon molds with areal densities of up to 2.8 Tbit/in.2 were successfully fabricated by using an optimized process condition and the hard mask stack. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Development process;  Etching condition;  Optimized process;  Pattern transfers;  Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes;  Spherical structures, Amorphous carbon;  Block copolymers;  Esters;  Etching;  Molds;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photoelectrons;  Silicon;  Surface analysis;  X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Silicon oxides},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 51; Lu, P.-L., Charap, S.H., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4230; Austin, M.D., Ge, H., Wu, W., Li, M., Yu, Z., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 5299; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Kihara, N., Yamamoto, R., Sasao, N., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Okino, T., Ootera, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 30, pp. 06FH02; Park, C., Yoon, J., Thomas, E.L., (2003) Polymer, 44, p. 6725; Bencher, C., Smith, J., Miao, L., Cai, C., Chen, Y., Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Hinsberg, W.D., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, pp. 79700F; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., (2008) Macromolecules, 41, p. 9267; Stoykovich, M.P., Kang, H., Daoulas, K.C., Liu, G., Liu, C.-C., De Pablo, J.J., Ller, M.M., Nealey, P.F., (2007) ACS Nano, 1, p. 168; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., (2001) J. Adv. Mater., 13, p. 1152; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Takenaka, M., Yoshida, H., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Hasegawa, H., (2009) Polymer, 50, p. 4250; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, p. 3155; Hirai, T., Leolukman, M., Hayakawa, T., Kakimoto, M., Gopalan, P., (2008) Macromolecules, 41, p. 4558; Yoshida, H., Tada, Y., Ishida, Y., Hayakawa, T., Takenaka, M., Hasegawa, H., (2011) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 24, p. 577; Hamley, I.W., (2004) Developments in Block Copolymer Science and Technology, , Wiley, New York; Joubert, O., Bell, F.H., (1997) J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, p. 1854; Chan, B.T., Tahara, S., De Marneffe, J.F., Gronheid, R., Xu, K., Nishimura, E., Boullart, W., (2012) Proc. Int. Symp. Dry Process, pp. A-2; Kawahara, H., Tokunaga, T., Kojima, M., Yokogawa, K., (2000) Hitachi Rev., 49, p. 211; Itabashi, N., Mori, M., Kofuji, N., Kojima, M., Fujii, T., Makino, A., Yoshigai, M., Tachi, S., (1999) Proc. Int. Symp. Dry Process, p. 115; Mori, M., Itabashi, N., Ishimura, H., Akiyama, H., Fujii, T., Saito, G., Yoshigai, M., Tachi, S., (2000) Ext. Abstr. Solid State Devices and Materials (SSDM), p. 192; Negishi, N., Takesue, H., Sumiya, M., Yoshida, T., Momonoi, Y., Izawa, M., (2005) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 23, p. 217; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2003) Nature, 424, p. 411; Tada, Y., Yoshida, H., Ishida, Y., Hirai, T., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Ruiz, R., Hasegawa, H., (2012) Macromolecules, 45, p. 292},
correspondence_address1={Central Research Laboratory, , Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gu20133677,
author={Gu, W. and Xu, J. and Kim, J.-K. and Hong, S.W. and Wei, X. and Yang, X. and Lee, K.Y. and Kuo, D.S. and Xiao, S. and Russell, T.P.},
title={Solvent-assisted directed self-assembly of spherical microdomain block copolymers to high areal density arrays},
journal={Advanced Materials},
year={2013},
volume={25},
number={27},
pages={3677-3682},
doi={10.1002/adma.201300899},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880167756&doi=10.1002%2fadma.201300899&partnerID=40&md5=574c1aaabd999d495af3ade95f0333ee},
affiliation={Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Seagate Technology, LLD, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; Globalfoundries, 257 Fuller Rd., Albany, NY 12203, United States; Corporate RandD, LG Chem, Ltd., Research Park, 104-1 Moonji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, South Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Mt. 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, South Korea; Cytec Industries, 1937 West Main St, Stamford, CT 06902, United States},
abstract={The fabrication process for 5 Tb/in2 bit patterns using solvent-assisted directed self-assembly is investigated. The N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent vapor-annealing method was used to achieve good long-range lateral ordering of low-molecular-weight polystyrene-block- polydimethylsiloxane with a lattice spacing of 11 nm on flat Si substrates, PS modified substrates and lithographically patterned substrates, respectively. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  block copolymers;  directed self-assembly;  nanodots;  solvent annealing},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Fabrication process;  Low molecular weight;  N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone;  Nanodots;  Patterned substrates;  Solvent annealing, Block copolymers;  Self assembly;  Silicones;  Vapors, Solvents, polymer;  solvent, article;  bit-patterned media;  block copolymers;  chemistry;  directed self-assembly;  nanodots;  particle size;  solvent annealing;  surface property;  synthesis, bit-patterned media;  block copolymers;  directed self-assembly;  nanodots;  solvent annealing, Particle Size;  Polymers;  Solvents;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={Polymers; Solvents},
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Sci., 257, p. 4928; Jeong, J.W., Park, W.I., Kim, M.-J., Ross, C.A., Jung, Y.S., (2011) Nano Lett., 11, p. 4095; Kim, B., Ryu, D.Y., Pryamitsyn, V., Ganesan, V., (2009) Macromolecules, 42, p. 7919; Lee, H., Ahn, H., Naidu, S., Seong, B.S., Ryu, D.Y., Trombly, D.M., Ganesan, V., (2010) Macromolecules, 43, p. 9892; Lin, Y., Böker, A., He, J., Sill, K., Xiang, H., Abetz, C., Li, X., Russell, T.P., (2005) Nature, 434, p. 55},
correspondence_address1={Xiao, S.; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: shuaigang.xiao@seagate.com},
issn={09359648},
coden={ADVME},
pubmed_id={23666897},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goll20131261,
author={Goll, D. and Bublat, T.},
title={Large-area hard magnetic L10-FePt and composite L1 0-FePt based nanopatterns},
journal={Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials Science},
year={2013},
volume={210},
number={7},
pages={1261-1271},
doi={10.1002/pssa.201329017},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881382628&doi=10.1002%2fpssa.201329017&partnerID=40&md5=6e50ce1c7416a47bac9b6e01e8deb0bf},
affiliation={Aalen University, Materials Research Institute, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany},
abstract={Bit-patterned media with a regular arrangement of extremely hard magnetic nanodots is a very promising concept for next generation ultrahigh density magnetic recording to realize storage densities of 1 Tbits in-2 and far beyond. To enable writeability with conventional writing heads the switching process may be thermally, microwave or domain-wall assisted. This paper concentrates on the fabrication and characterization of large-area hard magnetic L10-FePt and composite L10-FePt based granular and bit-patterned media. Within the framework of micromagnetism the magnetic reversal mechanism of different types of nanodots is analyzed from the temperature dependence and angular dependence of the switching field. Large-area hard magnetic L10-FePt based granular and bit-patterned media are fabricated and characterized. Within the framework of micromagnetism the magnetic reversal mechanism of different types of nanodots is analyzed from the temperature and angular dependences of the switching field. Such media are very promising to realize magnetic storage densities of 1 Tbits in2 and far beyond. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned magnetic recording;  exchange-coupled composites;  FePt;  nanoimprinting;  nanopattern},
keywords={Angular dependence;  Bit-patterned media;  Fabrication and characterizations;  FePt;  Magnetic nano-dots;  Nano pattern;  Nano-imprinting;  Temperature dependence, Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetic storage},
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correspondence_address1={Goll, D.; Aalen University, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany; email: dagmar.goll@htw-aalen.de},
issn={18626300},
coden={PSSAB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Status Solidi A Appl. Mater. Sci.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Juang20132477,
author={Juang, J.-Y. and Lin, K.-T.},
title={Touchdown of flying recording head sliders on continuous and patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2477-2482},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2249054},
art_number={6522172},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878813804&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2249054&partnerID=40&md5=1aa1d09b3a60e91b4ef677405370efc7},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan},
abstract={We conduct three-dimensional transient finite-element analysis to study the contact behavior during touchdown detection by a thermal flying-height control (TFC) recording head on continuous and patterned elastic-plastic layered media. The heat generated during touchdown and the plastic strain of the media are calculated in the model. We investigated key factors such as the radius of curvature of the TFC protrusion, media compositions, bit-patterned media (BPM), and the effect of planarization. Our analysis shows that when subjected to the same TFC over-push, BPM is much more likely to result in plastic deformation than the continuous media. The temperature distribution of planarized BPM with SiO2 as filling material exhibits a complex and distinctive pattern different from the one without planarization. More importantly, the maximum plastic strain of the planarized BPM is 50% larger than the one without planarization, which means that filling with SiO2 deteriorates the media's robustness to the touchdown probably due to the mismatch of thermal properties between SiO2 and recording material. This suggests the filling material must be carefully chosen to avoid the excessive plastic strain. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Head-disk interface (HDI);  magnetic recording;  patterned media;  thermal flying-height control (TFC);  touchdown},
keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Filling materials;  Flying height control;  Head disk interface;  Patterned medias;  Radius of curvature;  Recording materials;  touchdown, Elastoplasticity;  Filling;  Finite element method;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Plastic deformation;  Recording instruments, Nonvolatile storage},
references={Juang, J.-Y., Forrest, J., Huang, F.-Y., Magnetic head protrusion profiles and wear pattern of thermal flying-height control sliders with different heater designs (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3437-3440. , Oct; Zeng, Q.H., Yang, C.-H., Ka, S., Cha, E., An experimental and simulation study of touchdown dynamics (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3433-3436. , Oct; Su, L., Hu, Y., Lam, E.L., Li, P., Ng, R.W., Liang, D., Zheng, O., Zhang, J., Tribological and dynamic study of head disk interface at sub-1-nm clearance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 111-116. , Jan; Knigge, B., Suthar, T., Baumgart, P., Friction, heat, slider dynamics during thermal protrusion touchdown (2006) IEEE Trans.Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2510-2512. , Oct; Shimizu, Y., Xu, J., Kohira, H., Kuroki, K., Ono, K., Experimental study on slider dynamics during touchdown by using thermal flyingheight control (2011) Microsyst. Technol, 17, pp. 897-902. , Jun; Li, N., Meng, Y., Bogy, D.B., Experimental study of the sliderlube/disk contact state and its effect on head-disk interface stability (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn, 48 (8), pp. 2385-2391. , Aug; Liu, B., Zhang, M.S., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Ma, Y.S., Zhou, W.D., Gonzaga, L., Man, Y.J., Lube-surfing recording and its feasibility exploration (2009) IEEE Trans.Magn, 45 (2), pp. 899-904. , Feb; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Nunez, E.E., Yeo, C.-D., Katta, R.R., Polycarpou, A.A., Effect of planarization on the contact behavior of patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3667-3670. , Nov; Juang, J.-Y., Chen, D., Bogy, D.B., Alternate air bearing slider designs for areal density of 1 Tb/in 2 (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42 (2), pp. 241-246. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.861739; Juang, J.-Y., Bogy, D.B., Air-bearing effects on actuated thermal pole-dip protrusion for hard disk drives (2007) Journal of Tribology, 129 (3), pp. 570-578. , DOI 10.1115/1.2736456; Shiramatsu, T., Kurita, M., Miyake, K., Suk, M., Tanaka, S.O.H., Saegusa, S., Drive integration of active flying-height control slider with micro thermal actuator (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2513-2515. , Oct; Zheng, J., Bogy, D.B., Zhang, S., Yan, W., Effects of altitude on thermal flying-height control actuation (2010) Tribol. Lett, 40 (3), pp. 295-299. , Feb; Liu, N., Zheng, J., Bogy, D.B., Thermal flying-height control sliders in hard disk drives filled with air-helium gas mixtures (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 95, p. 213505; Juang, J.-Y., Nakamura, T., Knigge, B., Luo, Y., Hsiao, W.-C., Kuroki, K., Huang, F.-Y., Baumgart, P., Numerical and experimental analyses of nanometer-scale flying height control of magnetic head with heating element (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3679-3682. , Nov; http://www.lstc.com/lsdyna.htm, [Online] Available; Hallquist, J.O., (2006) LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual, , Livermore CA, USA, Livermore Software Technol. Corp; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Simulation of magnetic erasure due to transient slider-disk contacts (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (3), pp. 770-777. , Mar; Shimizu, Y., Xu, J., Kohira, H., Kurita, M., Shiramatsu, T., Furukawa, M., Nano-scale defect mapping on a magnetic disk surface using a contact sensor (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3426-3432. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Juang, J.-Y.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Taipei 10617, Taiwan; email: jiayang@ntu.edu.tw},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moon20132620,
author={Moon, W. and Im, S.},
title={Performance of the contraction mapping-based iterative two-dimensional equalizer for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2620-2623},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2253450},
art_number={6522244},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878805685&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2253450&partnerID=40&md5=c100088019332c106cd16ab270a2cbe4},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) storage is one of the promising technologies to overcome the limitations of the conventional magnetic recording. However, a high-density BPM storage has intertrack interference, intersymbol interference and noise, which severely degrade the system performance. In this paper, we present a simple iterative two-dimensional (2-D) equalizer based on the contraction mapping theorem to mitigate these adverse effects. In the simulation, we demonstrate the bit separation characteristics of the one-dimensional (1-D) and proposed 2-D equalizers and evaluate the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the proposed equalizer comparing with the conventional equalizers. According to the simulation results, the proposed equalizer is a promising candidate with maintaining proper complexity for a high-density BPM storage. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  contraction mapping;  two-dimensional (2-D) equalizer},
keywords={Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Contraction mapping theorem;  Contraction mappings;  Inter-track interferences;  Separation characteristics;  Two Dimensional (2 D), Magnetic recording;  Two dimensional, Equalizers},
references={White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Lu, P., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at 10 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , New York: Academic; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48 (3), pp. 03A033; Huang, L., Mathew, G., Chong, T.C., Reduced complexity Viterbi detection for two-dimensional optical recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 51 (1), pp. 123-129. , DOI 10.1109/TCE.2005.1405709; Kudekar, S., Johnson, J.K., Chertkov, M., Linear programming based detectors for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2011) Proc. 2011 IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 2999-3003; Yamashita, M., Osawa, H., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, Y., Suzuki, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Read/write channel modeling and two-dimensional neural network equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3558-3561. , Oct; Naylor, A.W., Sell, G.R., (1982) Linear Operator Theory in Engineering and Science, , New York: Springer-Verlag; Holtzman, J.M., (1970) Nonlinear System Theory, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Nabavi, S., Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., An analytical approach for performance evaluation of bit-patterned media channels (2010) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, 28 (2), pp. 135-142. , Feb; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1997) Electronics Letters, 33 (6), pp. 457-458},
correspondence_address1={Im, S.; School of Electronic Engineering, , Seoul, South Korea; email: sbi@ssu.ac.kr},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Futamoto20132748,
author={Futamoto, M. and Hagami, T. and Ishihara, S. and Soneta, K. and Ohtake, M.},
title={Improvement of magnetic force microscope resolution and application to high-density recording media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2748-2754},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2251868},
art_number={6522203},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878802866&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2251868&partnerID=40&md5=d3b56c34ff1fac2adc56808ac7fb66c0},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan},
abstract={Magnetic force microscope (MFM) tips are prepared by coating magnetic materials on nonmagnetic Si tips with 4 nm radius. The effects of magnetic material and coating thickness on the MFM resolution and the switching field are investigated. MFM resolutions better than 8 nm have been confirmed with tips coated with soft magnetic or hard magnetic materials with optimized thicknesses. The switching field varies in a wide range 0.1-3.0 kOe depending on the coating material and the coating thickness (10-80 nm). High-resolution MFM tips are applied to the observations of magnetization structures of perpendicular and bit-patterned media samples. Magnetization structures of less than 20 nm in scale are clearly observed. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic force microscope;  magnetic material coating;  spatial resolution;  switching field;  tip preparation},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Hard magnetic material;  High-density recording;  High-resolution MFM tip;  Magnetic force microscopes;  Spatial resolution;  Switching field;  tip preparation, Coatings;  Magnetic materials;  Microscopes;  Thickness measurement, Magnetization},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25420294},
references={Porthun, S., Abelmann, L., Lodder, C., Magnetic force microscopy of thin film media for high density magnetic recording (1998) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 182 (1-2), pp. 238-273. , PII S030488539701010X; Yoshida, N., Yasukake, M., Arie, T., Akita, S., Nakayama, Y., Quantitative analysis of themagnetic properties ofmetal-capped carbon nanotube probe (2002) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 41 (7 B), pp. 5013-5016. , Jul; Koblischka, M.R., Hartmann, U., Recent advances in magnetic force microscopy (2003) Ultramicroscopy, 97 (1-4), pp. 103-112. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-3991(03)00034-2; Deng, Z., Yenilmez, E., Leu, J., Hoffman, J.E., Straver, E.W.J., Dai, H., Moler, K.A., Metal-coated carbon nanotube tips for magnetic force microscopy (2004) Applied Physics Letters, 85 (25), pp. 6263-6265. , DOI 10.1063/1.1842374; Kuramochi, H., Akinaga, H., Semba, Y., Kijima, M., Uzumaki, T., Yasutake, M., Tanaka, A., Yokoyama, H., CoFe-coated carbon nanotube probes for magnetic force microscope (2005) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers, 44 (4 A), pp. 2077-2080. , DOI 10.1143/JJAP.44.2077; Folks, L., Best, M.E., Rice, P.M., Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Chapman, J.N., Perforated tips for high-resolution in-plane magnetic force microscopy (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett, 76 (7), pp. 909-911. , Feb; Liu, Z., Dan, Y., Wu, Q.J.Y., Magnetic force microscopy using focused ion beam sharpened tip with deposited antiferro-ferromagnetic multiple layers (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91 (10), pp. 8843-8845. , May; Phillips, G.N., Siekman, M., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., High resolutionmagnetic force microscopy using focused ion beammodified tips (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 81 (5), pp. 865-867. , Jul; Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Orientation-sensitivemagnetic forcemicroscopy for future probe storage applications (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 81 (10), pp. 1878-1880. , Sep; Gao, L., Yue, L.P., Yokota, T., Skomski, R., Liou, S.H., Takahoshi, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., Focused ion beam milled CoPt magnetic force microscopy tips for high resolution domain images (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (4), pp. 2194-2196. , Jul; Amos, N., Lavrenov, A., Fernandez, R., Ikkawi, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., High-resolution and high-coercivity FePt magnetic force microscopy nanoprobes to study next generation magnetic recording media (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105 (7), pp. 07D5261-07D5263. , Apr; Jumpertz, R., Leinenbach, P., Van Der Hart, A.W.A., Schelten, J., Magnetically refined tips for scanning force microscopy (1997) Microelectronic Engineering, 35 (1-4), pp. 325-328. , PII S0167931796001335; Folks, L., Woodward, R.C., The use of MFM for investigating domain structures in modern permanent magnet materials (1998) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 190 (1-2), pp. 28-41. , PII S0304885398002728; Abelmann, L., Porthun, S., Haast, M., Lodder, C., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Van Schendel, P.J.A., Babcock, K., Comparing the resolution of magnetic force microscopes using the CAMST reference samples (1998) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 190 (1-2), pp. 135-147. , PII S0304885398002819; Saito, H., Sunahara, R., Rheem, Y., Ishio, S., Low-noise magnetic force microscopy with high resolution by tip cooling (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (12), pp. 4394-4396. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.859891; Han, G., Wu, Y., Zheng, Y., Double exchange biased magnetic force microscopy tip and comparison of its imaging performance with commercial tips (2007) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers, 46 (7 A), pp. 4403-4407. , http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/46/4403/pdf, DOI 10.1143/JJAP.46.4403; Yuan, J., Pei, W., Hasagawa, T., Washiya, T., Saito, H., Ishio, S., Oshima, H., Itoh, K., Study onmagnetization reversal of cobalt nanowire arrays by magnetic force microscopy (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 320 (5), pp. 736-741. , Mar; Nagano, K., Tobari, K., Ohtake, M., Futamoto, M., Effect of magnetic film thickness on the spatial resolution of magnetic force microscope tips (2011) J. Phys.: Conf. ser, 303 (1), pp. 0120141-0120176. , Jul; Nagano, K., Tobari, K., Soneta, K., Ohtake, M., Futamoto, M., Magnetic force microscopy of high-density magnetic recording media by using high-resolution tips (2012) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 36 (2), pp. 109-115. , Mar; Ohtake, M., Soneta, K., Futamoto, M., Influence of magnetic material composition of coated tip on the spatial resolution of magnetic force microscopy (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111 (7), pp. 07E3391-07E3393. , Apr; Ohtake, M., Ouchi, S., Kirino, F., Futamoto, M., Ordered phase formation in FePt, FePd, CoPt, and CoPd alloy thin films epitaxially grown onMgO(001) single-crystal substrates (2012) J. Appl. Phys, 111 (7), pp. 07A7081-07A7083. , Apr; Yabuhara, O., Ohtake, M., Tobari, K., Nishiyama, T., Kirino, F., Futamoto, M., Structural and magnetic properties of FePd and CoPd alloy epitaxial thin films grown on MgO single-crystal substrates with different orientations (2011) Thin Solid Films, 519 (23), pp. 8359-8362. , Sep; Suzuki, D., Ohtake, M., Ouchi, S., Kirino, F., Futamoto, M., Structure analysis of CoPt and CoPd alloy thin films formed on MgO(111) single-crystal substrates (2012) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 36 (6), pp. 336-344. , Nov; Ishihara, S., Ohtake, M., Futamoto, M., Magnetic force microscope tip with high resolution and high switching field prepared by coating Si tip with ordered CoPt-alloy film (2013) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 37 (2-3), pp. 255-258. , May; Porthun, S., Abelmann, L., Vellekoop, S.J.L., Lodder, J.C., Hug, H.J., Optimization of lateral resolution in magnetic force microscopy (1998) Appl. Phys. A, 66 (1), pp. S1185-S1189. , Mar; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Ishimaru, M., Futamoto, M., Inoue, A., Read/write characteristics of a new type of bit-patternedmedia using nano-patterned glassy alloy (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 324 (7), pp. 1444-1448. , Apr; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Futamoto, M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., Glassy alloy composites for bit-patterned-media (2011) J. Alloys Comp, 509, pp. S145-S147. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Futamoto, M.; Faculty of Science and Engineering, , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan; email: futamoto@elect.chuo-u.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koo20132744,
author={Koo, K. and Kim, S.-Y. and Jeong, J.J. and Kim, S.W.},
title={Two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood at rear for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2744-2747},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2251615},
art_number={6522287},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878796389&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2251615&partnerID=40&md5=0808bb38d2b1898967175966a373a60e},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea; Emerging SOC Group, Semiconductor Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-711, South Korea; Department of Creative IT Excellence Engineering, Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) storage can have ultrahigh capacity, whereas the readback signal for the BPM storage is deteriorated by intersymbol interference in both the along-and across-track directions. As a detection method considering the two-dimensional (2D) interference, we propose a new structure of 2D partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) method based on a 2D partial response (PR) target and a 2D soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) composed of two one-dimensional SOVAs. For the purpose of improving the bit error rate (BER) performance and reducing the computational complexity, the proposed method applies a 2D equalizer estimating the binary data recorded on the BPM instead of the output data of the 2D PR target. For this reason, the 2D PRML is located behind the 2D equalizer. Consequently, the proposed method has a superior BER performance as well as a low computational complexity. In addition, we carry out comparison of the BER performance in the 2D PRML according to the use of the least mean square and recursive least square algorithms in the 2D equalizer. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  equalizer;  least mean square;  partial response maximum likelihood;  recursive least square;  soft output Viterbi algorithm;  two-dimensional interference},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Least mean squares;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Recursive least square (RLS);  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Computational complexity;  Equalizers;  Error statistics;  Two dimensional;  Viterbi algorithm, Digital storage},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , DOI 10.1109/ICC.2007.1035, 4289706, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07; Keskinez, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 2274-2276. , Oct; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithmwith noise filter for patterned media storage (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), pp. 07B7421-07B7423. , Apr; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48, pp. 03A0331-03A0333. , Mar; Kim, J., Lee, J., Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 49, pp. 08KB031-08KB033. , Aug; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, S., Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional partial response target for holographic data storage (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 51, pp. 08JB031-08JB035. , Aug; Lee, K.A., Gan, W.S., Kuo, S.M., (2009) Subband Adaptive Filtering: Theory and Implementation, 1st Ed, pp. 1-40. , Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Jung, J., Kim, D., Moon, S., Kim, S., Twodimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with dual equalizers for bitpatterned media (2012) Proc. APMRC 2012, pp. BQ-13. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Kim, S.W.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea; email: swkim@postech.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang20132582,
author={Zhang, S. and Cai, K. and Qin, Z.},
title={A position-dependent binary symmetric channel model for BPMR write errors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2582-2585},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2250265},
art_number={6522266},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878787719&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2250265&partnerID=40&md5=27928de23f7031d0d0c729b772460975},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Write errors in bit-patterned-media-recording are a unique problem that may require nonconventional coding and signal processing techniques. Development of such advanced algorithms requires a simple yet accurate channel model to start with. In this paper, we analyze the various sources of write error in BPMR based hard drives and conduct write error characterization. The system parameters are either measured from current hard drives or set with realistic assumptions. A position dependent write error model is proposed based on these analyses which lead to a modified binary symmetric channel model for BPMR. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Binary-symmetric-channel;  bit-patterned-media;  channel models;  write errors},
keywords={Accurate channels;  Binary-symmetric-channel;  bit-patterned-media;  Channel model;  Error characterizations;  Error model;  Position dependents;  Signal processing technique, Hard disk storage;  Signal processing, Coding errors},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Fatih Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Radhakrishnan, R., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording with write errors (2010) Proc. Dig. PMRC, 18, pp. aE-7. , Sendai, Japan; Lin, M., Chan, K.S., Chua, M., Zhang, S., Cai, K., Modeling forwrite synchronization in bit patterned media recording (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111 (7), pp. 07b918-07b9183},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, S.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: zhang_songhua@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Han20132535,
author={Han, G. and Guan, Y.L. and Cai, K. and Chan, K.S. and Kong, L.},
title={Embedded marker code for channels corrupted by insertions, deletions, and AWGN},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2535-2538},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2247581},
art_number={6522282},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878778995&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2247581&partnerID=40&md5=55222aaeca0762dc5edc61b6f00202bc},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we present a new error-correction scheme, referred to as embedded marker code scheme (EMCS), for channels corrupted by insertions, deletions and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The EMCS uses the pinning bits, which have the potential to lower the error floors of the outer low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, for both resynchronization and improving error-correction performance. Furthermore, the soft-input synchronization for the inner decoder and the joint iterative decoding between the inner decoder and the outer decoder is employed to further improve the overall performance of the new scheme. Simulations show that the proposed EMCS reduces the code rate loss as compared with the conventional marker code scheme and achieves a better tradeoff between the error performance and the decoding complexity. Therefore, the new scheme can reduce code rate loss and improve storage efficiency when it is used in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  insertion/deletion;  low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  marker code;  synchronization errors},
keywords={Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  insertion/deletion;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Marker codes;  Synchronization error, Forward error correction;  Iterative decoding;  Magnetic recording;  White noise, Channel coding},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Cai, K., Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording (2010) Proc. IEEE Globecom. Symp. Application of Communication Theory to Emerging Memory Technologies, pp. 1910-1914. , Miami, FL, USA, Dec 6-10; Sellers, F.F., Bit loss and gain correction code (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8 (1), pp. 35-38. , Jan; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , DOI 10.1109/18.910582, PII S0018944801007325; Ratzer, E.A., Marker codes for channels with insertions and deletions (2005) Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications, 60 (1-2), pp. 29-44; Mercier, H., Bhargava, V., Tarokh, V., A survey of error-correcting codes for channels with symbol synchronization errors (2010) IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials, 12 (1), pp. 87-96. , First quarter; Licks, V., Jordan, R., Geometric attacks on image watermarking systems (2005) IEEE Multimedia, 12 (3), pp. 68-78. , DOI 10.1109/MMUL.2005.46; Ng, Y.B., Kumar, B.V., Cai, K., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Wang, F., Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Symbol-level synchronization and LDPC code design for insertion/deletion channels (2011) IEEE Trans. Commun, 59 (5), pp. 1287-1297. , May; Han, Y., Ryan, W.E., Low-floor detection/decoding of LDPCcoded partial response channels (2010) IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun, 28 (2), pp. 252-260. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Han, G.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, , 639798 Singapore, Singapore; email: gjhan@ntu.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Koo20132555,
author={Koo, K. and Kim, S.-Y. and Jeong, J.J. and Kim, S.W.},
title={Two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm with dual equalizers for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={6},
pages={2555-2558},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2013.2251614},
art_number={6522285},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878775967&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2013.2251614&partnerID=40&md5=ac05394703381fd3c439504158b0233a},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea; Emerging SOC Group, Semiconductor Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-711, South Korea; Department of Creative IT Excellence Engineering, Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea},
abstract={This study proposes a two-dimensional (2D) detection method using partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) for bit-patterned media (BPM) storage. Because the readback signals are deteriorated by 2D channel effect, that is, intersymbol interference along the track direction and intertrack interference across the track direction, it is necessary to use '2D' PRML in order to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance. The 2D PRML in the proposed method is based on the 2D soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA), which is composed of two one-dimensional SOVAs. In addition, we propose a 2D SOVA for a 2D partial response (PR) target using dual equalizers: one estimates the correlated signal (output data of the PR target), used as the main information with encoding rule, and the other estimates the binary signal (binary data recorded on BPM), used as extrinsic information on the other direction's neighboring bits. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the BER performance at a low computational complexity. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  equalizer;  intersymbol interference;  intertrack interference;  partial response maximum likelihood;  readback signal;  soft output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interferences;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  readback signal;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Digital storage;  Equalizers;  Error statistics;  Intersymbol interference;  Two dimensional, Viterbi algorithm},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans.Magn, 45 (10), pp. 2274-2276. , Oct; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (3), pp. 594-597. , Mar; Kim, J., Lee, J., Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithmwith noise filter for patterned media storage (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (7), pp. 07B7421-07B7423. , Apr; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 48, pp. 03A0331-03A0333. , Mar; Kim, J., Lee, J., Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm for holographic data storage (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 49, pp. 08KB031-08KB033. , Aug; Koo, K., Kim, S.-Y., Kim, S., Modified two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional partial response target for holographic data storage (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 51, pp. 08JB031-08JB035. , Aug; Lee, K.A., Gan, W.S., Kuo, S.M., (2009) Subband Adaptive Filtering: Theory and Implementation, 1st Ed, pp. 1-40. , Chichester, U.K.: Wiley},
correspondence_address1={Kim, S.W.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea; email: swkim@postech.ac.kr},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gaur2013,
author={Gaur, N. and Kundu, S. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Maurer, S.L. and Tan, H.K. and Wong, S.K. and Steen, S.E. and Yang, H. and Bhatia, C.S.},
title={Lateral displacement induced disorder in L10-FePt nanostructures by ion-implantation},
journal={Scientific Reports},
year={2013},
volume={3},
doi={10.1038/srep01907},
art_number={1907},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878724209&doi=10.1038%2fsrep01907&partnerID=40&md5=434d26df41bd79e2afe39c6848ce4daf},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117608, Singapore; IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States},
abstract={Ion implantation is a promising technique for fabricating high density bit patterned media (BPM) as it may eliminate the requirement of disk planarization. However, there has not been any notable study on the impact of implantation on BPM fabrication of FePt, particularly at nano-scale, where the lateral straggle of implanted ions may become comparable to the feature size. In this work, implantation of antimony ions in patterned and unpatterned L10-FePt thin films has been investigated. Unpatterned films implanted with high fluence of antimony exhibited reduced out-of-plane coercivity and change of magnetic anisotropy from perpendicular direction to film-plane. Interestingly, for samples implanted through patterned masks, the perpendicular anisotropy in the unimplanted region was also lost. This noteworthy observation can be attributed to the displacement of Fe and Pt atoms from the implantation sites to the unimplanted areas, thereby causing a phase disorder transformation from L1 0 to A1 FePt.},
keywords={alloy;  ion;  iron;  nanomaterial;  platinum, anisotropy;  article;  atomic force microscopy;  chemistry;  magnetism;  materials testing;  X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Alloys;  Anisotropy;  Ions;  Iron;  Magnetics;  Materials Testing;  Microscopy, Atomic Force;  Nanostructures;  Photoelectron Spectroscopy;  Platinum},
chemicals_cas={iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; platinum, 7440-06-4; Alloys; Ions; Iron, 7439-89-6; Platinum, 7440-06-4},
references={Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, pp. 052511-052513; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., Patterned media with composite structure for writability at high areal recording density (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 073904-073907; Coffey, K.R., Parker, M.A., Howard, J.K., High anisotropy L10 thin films for longitudinal recording (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, pp. 2737-2739; Shibata, K., FePt magnetic recording media: Problems and possibilities for practical use (2003) Mater. Trans., 44, pp. 1542-1545; Pandey, K.K.M., Chen, J.S., Lim, B.C., Chow, G.M., Effects of Ru underlayer on microstructures and magnetic properties of Co72Pt28 thin films (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, pp. 073904-073911; Velu, E.M.T., Lambeth, D.N., CoSm-based high-coercivity thin films for longitudinal recording (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, pp. 5175-5177; Sbiaa, R., Tan, E.-L., Aung, K.O., Wong, S.K., Srinivasan, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Material and layer design to overcome writing challenges in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 828-832; Thiele, J.-U., Folks, L., Toney, M.F., Weller, D.K., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magnetic domain structure in sputtered epitaxial FePt (001) L10 films (1998) Journal of Applied Physics, 84 (10), pp. 5686-5692; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (I1), pp. 10-15; Kurth, F., Finite-size effects in highly ordered ultrathin FePt films (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, pp. 184404-184411; Piramanayagam, S.N., Planarization of patterned recording media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 759-763; Poh, A.W.C., Novel planarizing scheme for patterned media (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 28, pp. 806-809; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Sato, K., Magnetization suppression in Co/Pd and CoCrPt by nitrogen ion implantation for bit patterned media fabrication (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 123910-123913; Hinoue, T., Ito, K., Hirayama, Y., Hosoe, Y., Effects of lateral straggling of ions on patterned media fabricated by nitrogen ion implantation (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B912-07B914; Hinoue, T., Ito, K., Hirayama, Y., Ono, T., Inaba, H., Magnetic properties and recording performances of patterned media fabricated by nitrogen ion implantation (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B907-07B909; Gaur, N., Ion implantation induced modification of structural and magnetic properties of perpendicular media (2011) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 44, pp. 3650011-3650019; Gaur, N., Magnetic and structural properties of CoCrPt-SiO2-based graded media prepared by ion implantation (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, pp. 083917-083921; Aoyama, T., Sato, I., Ito, H., Ishio, S., B ion implantation effects on L10 chemical ordering of FePt thin films (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 209-213. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.033, PII S0304885304011114; Revelsona, D., Chemical ordering at low temperatures in FePd films (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 8082-8084; Terris, B.D., Patterning magnetic films by ion beam irradiation (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 7004-7006; Barmak, K., Stoichiometry-anisotropy connections in epitaxial L10 FePt (001) films (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, pp. 7501-7503; Tan, E.L., Nanoimprint mold fabrication and duplication for embedded servo and discrete track recording media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, pp. 2259-2263; Ferré, J., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 198, pp. 191-193; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S.J., Baglin, E.E., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Characterization of the magnetic modification of Co/Pt multilayer films by He1, Ar1, and Ga1 ion irradiation (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 279-281; McCord, J., Mönch, I., Fassbender, J., Gerber, A., Quandt, E., Local setting of magnetic anisotropy in amorphous films by Co ion implantation (2009) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 0550061-0550066; Gaur, N., First-Order Reversal Curve Investigations on the Effects of Ion Implantation in Magnetic Media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, pp. 2753-2756; Chong, T.C., Piramanayagam, S.N., Sbiaa, R., Perspectives for 10 terabits/in2 magnetic recording (2011) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11, pp. 2704-2709; Klemmer, T.J., Combined reactions associated with L10 ordering (2003) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 266, pp. 79-87},
correspondence_address1={Bhatia, C.S.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Singapore 117576, Singapore; email: elebcs@nus.edu.sg},
issn={20452322},
pubmed_id={23712784},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sci. Rep.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yamamoto2013,
author={Yamamoto, R. and Kanamaru, M. and Sugawara, K. and Sasao, N. and Ootera, Y. and Okino, T. and Hieda, H. and Kihara, N. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Orientation and position-controlled block copolymer nanolithography for bit-patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2013},
volume={8680},
doi={10.1117/12.2012654},
art_number={86801U},
note={cited By 1; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies V ; Conference Date: 25 February 2013 Through 28 February 2013;  Conference Code:97198},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878380667&doi=10.1117%2f12.2012654&partnerID=40&md5=5bcc7125800c751eb61542b5be73211b},
affiliation={Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) is a candidate for high-density magnetic recording media. Directed self-assembly (DSA) is expected to be a solution for the fabrication process of high-density BPM. A BPM with 20 nm-pitch dot pattern is fabricated. A 100 nm-pitch triangle lattice dot pattern, which is fabricated by EB lithography, is used as a guide post to order PS-PDMS self-assembled diblock co-polymer with 20 nm pitch. Dot-pitch fluctuation and linearity of pseudo dot tracks are estimated. The standard deviation of the dot-pitch variation including the post guide is 8% of the self-assembled dot pitch. The dot-position deviation is estimated to be about 8% of the pseudo dot track pitch. In both cases, variation of the size and pitch of the post guides is found to increase the dot-pitch fluctuation and dot-position deviation from pseudo dot-track. © 2013 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Diblock copolymer;  Dot pitch;  DSA;  HDD;  Self-assemble},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot pitch;  DSA;  HDD;  Self-assemble, Block copolymers;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication, Magnetic recording},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3816-3822; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 51-54; Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., 5 Tdots/in bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask (2013) IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, pp. 693-698; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved litohography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimentional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Long-range-ordering of self-assembled block copolymer nanodots using EB-drawn guide line and post mixing template (2011) Microelectronic Eng., 88, pp. 2571-2575; Okino, T., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Evaluation of ordering of directed self-assembly of block copolymers with pre-patterned guides for bit patterned media (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8382, pp. 83230S-832301S; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260},
correspondence_address1={Corporate R and D Center, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE); AZ Electronic Materials},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819494627},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2013,
author={Wang, Y. and Wang, R. and Xie, H.-L. and Bai, J.-M. and Wei, F.-L.},
title={Micromagnetic simulation with three models of FeCo/L10 FePt exchange-coupled particles for bit-patterned media},
journal={Chinese Physics B},
year={2013},
volume={22},
number={6},
doi={10.1088/1674-1056/22/6/068506},
art_number={068506},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880532275&doi=10.1088%2f1674-1056%2f22%2f6%2f068506&partnerID=40&md5=28e7cb05404fd7286e4ae12c2d9844b6},
affiliation={Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China},
abstract={Compositing soft and hard materials is a promising method to decrease the coercivity of L10 FePt, which is considered to be a suitable material for bit-patterned media. This paper reports the simulation of three models of FeCo/L10 FePt exchange-coupled composite particles for bit patterned media by the OOMMF micromagnetic simulation software: the enclosed model, the side-enclosed model, and the top-covered model. All of them have the same volumes of the soft and hard parts but different shapes. Simulation results show that the switching fields for the three models can be reduced to about 10 kOe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A/m) and the factor gain can be improved to 1.4 when the interface exchange coefficient has a proper value. Compared to the other models, the enclosed model has a wider range of interface exchange coefficient values, in which a low switching field and high gain can be obtained. The dependence of the switching fields on the angle of the applied field shows that none of the three models are easily affected by the stray field of a magnetic head. © 2013 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd.},
author_keywords={bit patterned;  exchange-coupled composite;  micromagnetic},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Composite particles;  Different shapes;  Hard material;  Interface exchange;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Micromagnetics;  Switching field, Computer software;  Magnetic logic devices, Computer simulation},
references={Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74 (17), p. 2516. , 10.1063/1.123885 0003-6951; Farrow, R.F.C., Weller, D., Marks, R.F., Toney, M.F., Cebollada, A., Harp, G.R., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79 (8), p. 5967. , 10.1063/1.362122 0021-8979; Gao, Y.H., (2011) Chin. Phys., 20 (10), p. 107502. , 10.1088/1674-1056/20/10/107502 1674-1056 B; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Hong, Z., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), p. 319. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821163 0018-9464; Zhang, L.R., Lü, H., Liu, X., Bai, J.M., Wei, F.L., (2012) Chin. Phys., 21 (3), p. 037502. , 1674-1056 B 037502; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Kapoor, M., Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08Q902. , 10.1063/1.2163850 0021-8979; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., Composite media (dynamic tilted media) for magnetic recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86 (14), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1896431, 142504; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Yin, J.H., Takao, S., Pan, L.Q., (2008) Chin. Phys., 17 (10), p. 3907. , 1674-1056 B 058; Duan, C.Y., Ma, B., Wei, F.L., Zhang, Z.Z., Jin, Q.Y., (2009) Chin. Phys., 18 (6), p. 2565. , 1674-1056 B 074; Goh, C.K., Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (8), p. 083920. , 10.1063/1.3109243 0021-8979; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97 (8), p. 082501. , 10.1063/1.3481668 0003-6951},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, , Lanzhou 730000, China; email: yingw@lzu.edu.cn},
issn={16741056},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Chin. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2013,
author={Lee, B. and Hong, J. and Amos, N. and Dumer, I. and Litvinov, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Sub-10-nm-resolution electron-beam lithography toward very-high-density multilevel 3D nano-magnetic information devices},
journal={Journal of Nanoparticle Research},
year={2013},
volume={15},
number={6},
doi={10.1007/s11051-013-1665-7},
art_number={1665},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877784688&doi=10.1007%2fs11051-013-1665-7&partnerID=40&md5=9c2adff7a91e210040662a223271a1a1},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, 550 Sutardja Dai Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Electrical Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We report a study on the optimization of ultra-high-resolution electron-beam lithography for nanoscale patterning with two separate lift-off processes using positive and negative resists; the optimized method is suitable for the emerging area of nano-magnetoelectronics. If used together, these high-aspect-ratio processes can achieve information cells with a diameter of 9 nm, a square pitch of 26 nm, and an etch depth of at least 50 nm, as required for recording densities greater than 3 Tbit/in2, provided that 3D integration includes between 2 and 8 independent magnetic bits. Such effective patterning can be used to further develop magnetic bits packed for ultra-high-density disk recording and the emerging field of magnetic tunneling junctions for logic and memory applications. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned-media;  Electron-beam lithography;  Magnetoelectronic devices;  Optimal lithography},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Electron beams;  Magnetism;  Spintronics, Bit-patterned media;  High aspect ratio;  Information devices;  Magnetic tunneling junctions;  Magnetoelectronic devices;  Memory applications;  Nanoscale patterning;  Ultrahigh resolution, Electron beam lithography, magnetic nanoparticle, article;  density;  electron beam;  molecular electronics;  nanodevice;  particle size;  priority journal;  process optimization;  ultra high resolution electron beam lithography},
funding_details={H94003-09-2-0904},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 005084-002},
funding_details={Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgments This material is based on research cosponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under contract 005084-002 and DARPA/Defense Microelectronics Activity (DMEA) under agreement number H94003-09-2-0904.},
references={Allwood, D.A., Xiong, G., Faulkner, C.C., Atkinson, D., Petit, D., Cowburn, R.P., Magnetic domain-wall logic (2005) Science, 309 (5741), pp. 1688-1692. , DOI 10.1126/science.1108813; Amos, N., Ikkawi, R., Hong, J., Lee, B., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Ultrahigh coercivity magnetic force miscroscopy probes to analyze high-moment magnetic structures and devices (2010) IEEE Magn Lett, 1, p. 6500104. , 10.1109/LMAG.2010.2050679; Amos, N., Butler, J., Lee, B., Shachar, M.H., Hu, B., Tian, Y., Hong, J., Khizroev, S., Multilevel-3D bit patterned magnetic media with 8 signal levels per nanocolumn (2012) PLoS One, 7, p. 40134. , 10.1371/journal.pone.0040134 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVGmtrfJ; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Imprint lithography with 25-nanometer resolution (1996) Science, 272 (5258), pp. 85-87; Grigorescu, A.E., Hagen, C.W., Resists for sub-20-nm electron beam lithography with a focus on HSQ: State of the art (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 292001. , 10.1088/0957-4484/20/29/292001 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mvls1Gjtg%3D%3D; Hamann, H.F., Martin, Y.C., Wickramasinghe, H.K., Thermally assisted recording beyond traditional limits (2004) Appl Phys Lett, 84, pp. 810-812. , 10.1063/1.1644924 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXosVOgtQ%3D%3D; Hong, J., Niyogi, S., Bekyarova, E., Itkis, M.E., Ramesh, P., Amos, N., Litvinov, D., Haddon, R.C., Effect of nitrophenyl functionalization on the magnetic properties of epitaxial graphene (2011) Small, 7, pp. 1175-1180. , 10.1002/smll.201002244 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXltleksrY%3D; Ikkawi, R., Amos, N., Krichevsky, A., Chomko, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Nanolasers to enable data storage beyond 10 Tbit in.2 (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (15), p. 153115. , DOI 10.1063/1.2799239; Khizroev, S., Jayasekara, W., Bain, J.A., Jones, R.E., Kryder, M.H., MFM quantification of magnetic fields generated by ultra small single pole perpendicular heads (1998) IEEE Trans Magn, 34, pp. 2030-2032. , 10.1109/20.706782 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltFWjt70%3D; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) J Magn Magn Mater, 321, pp. 526-530. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisVChtbw%3D; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording - Advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 449-458. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.075, PII S0304885304011539; Litvinov, D., Parekh, V., Ch, E., Smith, D., Rantschler, J.O., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of nanoscale bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans Nanotechnol, 7, pp. 463-476; Moritz, J., Vinai, G., Auffret, S., Dieny, B., Two-bit-per-dot patterned media combining in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane magnetized thin films (2011) J Appl Phys, 109, p. 083902. , 10.1063/1.3572259; Nagahara, K., Mukai, T., Ishiwata, N., Hada, H., Tahara, S., Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) patterning for magnetic random access memory (MRAM) process applications (2003) Jpn J Appl Phys, 42, pp. 499-L501. , 10.1143/JJAP.42.L499 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktV2mtL0%3D; Parekh, V., Ruiz, A., Ch, E., Rantschler, J., Ruchhoeft, P., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Fabrication of patterned recording medium using ion beam proximity lithography (2007) Proceedings of the 7th IEEE-NANO, pp. 632-636; Peng, Q., Bertram, H.N., Micromagnetic studies of switching speed in longitudinal and perpendicular polycrystalline thin film recording media (1997) Journal of Applied Physics, 81 (8 PART 2A), pp. 4384-4386; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J Magn Magn Mater, 321, pp. 467-476. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisVChtLs%3D; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J Vac Sci Technol B, 17, pp. 3168-3176. , 10.1116/1.590974 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnslWgu74%3D; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.M., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Safonov, V.L., Bertram, H.N., Collective thermal fluctuations in nominally "independent" granular recording media: Application to thermal decay (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (4), pp. 1550-1553. , DOI 10.1109/20.950897, PII S0018946401058071; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9, 4th European Workshop on Innovative Mass Storage Technology, Aachen, Germany, on 28-29 September 2004; White, R.L., Physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording (2000) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 209 (1-3), pp. 1-5. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00632-0; Wood, R., Future hard disk drive systems (2009) J Magn Magn Mater, 321, pp. 555-561. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.027 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisVChtbg%3D; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Yang, J.K.W., Cord, B., Duan, H., Berggren, K.K., Klingfus, J., Nam, S.W., Kim, K.B., Rooks, M.J., Understanding of hydrogen silsesquioxane electron resist for sub-5-nm-half-pitch lithography (2009) J Vac Sci Technol B, 27, pp. 2622-2627. , 10.1116/1.3253652 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFynsb7K; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 Tbit/in2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 385301. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031},
correspondence_address1={Hong, J.; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, , Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; email: hong@eecs.berkeley.edu},
publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers},
issn={13880764},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanopart. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Neumann20132199,
author={Neumann, A. and Thönnißen, C. and Frauen, A. and Heße, S. and Meyer, A. and Oepen, H.P.},
title={Probing the magnetic behavior of single nanodots},
journal={Nano Letters},
year={2013},
volume={13},
number={5},
pages={2199-2203},
doi={10.1021/nl400728r},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877278645&doi=10.1021%2fnl400728r&partnerID=40&md5=4a391ffa6ebea52589a3e88b1d7db11c},
affiliation={Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany},
abstract={In this paper, a method is presented that has the sensitivity to measure magnetization behavior of single nanostructures. It is demonstrated that the technique gives the ability to separate different signals of single nanodots from a small ensemble of structures. Our method is based on the anomalous Hall-Effect and allows for resolving signals from spherical nanoparticles with diameter down to 3.5 nm. The method gives access to magnetic properties of particles in a wide thermal and dynamical range. The potential of the technique is demonstrated utilizing particles that are created from Co films sandwiched by Pt layers. © 2013 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={anomalous Hall-Effect;  bit patterned media;  magnetic nanoparticles;  Magnetic nanostructure;  magnetic reversal;  nanosphere lithography},
keywords={anomalous Hall-Effect;  Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic nano-particles;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetic reversal;  Nano Sphere Lithography, Nanostructured materials;  Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles},
references={Kronmüller, H., Parkin, S., Novel Techniques for Characterizing and Preparing Samples (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, 3. , John Wiley & Sons: New York; Hopster, H., Oepen, H.P., (2005) Magnetic Microscopy of Nanostructures, , Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg New York; Wernsdorfer, W., Hasselbach, K., Benoit, A., Wernsdorfer, W., Barbara, B., Mailly, D., Tuaillon, J., Perex, A., (1995) J. Appl. Phys., 78, pp. 7192-7195; Wernsdorfer, W., (2009) Supcercond. Sci. Technol., 22, p. 064013; Engelen, J.B.C., Delalande, M., Le Febre, A.J., Bolhuis, T., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 035703; Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, pp. 4313-4315; Kikuchi, N., Murillo, R., Lodder, J., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J713; Shimatsu, T., Kataoka, H., Mitsuzuka, K., Aoi, H., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B908; Breth, L., Suess, D., Vogler, C., Bergmair, B., Fuger, M., Heer, R., Brueckl, H., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 023903; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 321, pp. 526-530; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Neumann, A., Franz, N., Hoffmann, G., Meyer, A., Oepen, H., (2012) Open Surf. Sci. J., 4, pp. 55-64; Stillrich, H., Frömsdorf, A., Pütter, S., Förster, S., Oepen, H., (2008) Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, pp. 76-81; Frömsdorf, A., Kornowski, A., Pütter, S., Stillrich, H., Lee, L.-T., (2007) Small, 3, pp. 880-889; Neél, L., (1949) Ann. Geophys., 5, pp. 99-136; Bean, C.P., Livingston, J.D., (1959) J. Appl. Phys., 30, pp. 120S; http://www.comsol.com/, COMSOL Multiphysics® accessed Feb 25, 2013; Hurd, C.M., (1972) The Hall Effect in Metals and Alloys, , Plenum Press: New York; Webb, B., Schultz, S., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, pp. 3006-3008; Cornelissens, Y., Peeters, F., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 2006; Alexandrou, M., Nutter, P.W., Delalande, M., De Vries, J., Hill, E.W., Schedin, F., Abelmann, L., Thomson, T., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 043920},
correspondence_address1={Neumann, A.; Institut für Angewandte Physik, Jungiusstraße 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany; email: aneumann@physnet.uni-hamburg.de},
issn={15306984},
coden={NALEF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nano Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Marchon2013,
author={Marchon, B. and Pitchford, T. and Hsia, Y.-T. and Gangopadhyay, S.},
title={The head-disk interface roadmap to an areal density of 4 Tbit/in 2},
journal={Advances in Tribology},
year={2013},
doi={10.1155/2013/521086},
art_number={521086},
note={cited By 104},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876577717&doi=10.1155%2f2013%2f521086&partnerID=40&md5=c8eda31529bf8539fdc27813c67f6118},
affiliation={HGST, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Seagate Technology, Minneapolis, MN 55435, United States; Western Digital, San Jose, CA 95138, United States},
abstract={This paper reviews the state of the head-disk interface (HDI) technology, and more particularly the head-medium spacing (HMS), for today's and future hard-disk drives. Current storage areal density on a disk surface is fast approaching the one terabit per square inch mark, although the compound annual growth rate has reduced considerably from 100%/annum in the late 1990s to 20-30% today. This rate is now lower than the historical, Moore's law equivalent of 40%/annum. A necessary enabler to a high areal density is the HMS, or the distance from the bottom of the read sensor on the flying head to the top of the magnetic medium on the rotating disk. This paper describes the various components of the HMS and various scenarios and challenges on how to achieve a goal of 4.0-4.5 nm for the 4 Tbit/in2 density point. Special considerations will also be given to the implication of disruptive technologies such as sealing the drive in an inert atmosphere and novel recording schemes such as bit patterned media and heat assisted magnetic recording. © 2013 Bruno Marchon et al.},
references={Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olson, T., Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1711-1718. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017761, PII S0018946402056832; Wood Roger, Feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 36-42; Mate, C.M., Dai, Q., Payne, R.N., Knigge, B.E., Baumgart, P., Will the numbers add up for sub-7-nm magnetic spacings? 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Shen, S., Liu, B., Yu, S., Du, H., Mechanical performance study of pattern media-based head-disk systems (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (11), pp. 5002-5005. , 2-s2.0-70449412952 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2029419; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsystem Technologies, 17 (5-7), pp. 805-812. , 2-s2.0-79958845005 10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9; Zhou, W.D., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Inert gas filled head-disk interface for future extremely high density magnetic recording (2009) Tribology Letters, 33 (3), pp. 179-186. , 2-s2.0-60349129473 10.1007/s11249-008-9405-3; Robertson, J., Requirements of ultrathin carbon coatings for magnetic storage technology (2003) Tribology International, 36 (4-6), pp. 405-415. , 2-s2.0-0037375859 10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00216-5; Shi, X., Hu, Y.H., Hu, L., Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) ultra thin films for slider overcoat application (2002) International Journal of Modern Physics B, 16 (6-7), pp. 963-967. , 2-s2.0-0037139116; 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Yen, B.K., White, R.L., Waltman, R.J., Mathew Mate, C., Sonobe, Y., Marchon, B., Coverage and properties of a-SiNx hard disk overcoat (2003) Journal of Applied Physics, 93 (10), pp. 8704-8706. , 2-s2.0-0038315445 10.1063/1.1543136; Hijazi, Y., Svedberg, E.B., Heinrich, T., Khizroev, S., Comparative corrosion study of binary oxide and nitride overcoats using in-situ fluid-cell AFM (2011) Materials Characterization, 62 (1), pp. 76-80. , 2-s2.0-78751591595 10.1016/j.matchar.2010.10.015; Svedberg, E.B., Shukla, N., Adsorption of water on lubricated and non lubricated TiC surfaces for data storage applications (2004) Tribology Letters, 17 (4), pp. 947-951. , DOI 10.1007/s11249-004-8107-8; Rose, F., Marchon, B., Rawat, V., Pocker, D., Xiao, Q.F., Iwasaki, T., Ultrathin TiSiN overcoat protection layer for magnetic media (2011) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 29, p. 11. , 051502 10.1116/1.3607423; Wu, M.L., Kiely, J.D., Klemmer, T., Hsia, Y.T., Howard, K., Process-property relationship of boron carbide thin films by magnetron sputtering (2004) Thin Solid Films, 449 (1-2), pp. 120-124. , 2-s2.0-1042292768 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01464-0; 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Tagawa, N., Andoh, H., Tani, H., Study on lubricant depletion induced by laser heating in thermally assisted magnetic recording systems: Effect of lubricant thickness and bonding ratio (2010) Tribology Letters, 37 (2), pp. 411-418. , 2-s2.0-77649231573 10.1007/s11249-009-9533-4; Choi, C., Yoon, Y., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Talke, F.E., Jin, S., Planarization of patterned magnetic recording media to enable head flyability (2011) Microsystem Technologies, 17, pp. 395-402. , 2-s2.0-79151471101 10.1007/s00542-011-1222-1; Li, H., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (11), pp. 4984-4989. , 2-s2.0-70449381857 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2029412},
correspondence_address1={Marchon, B.; HGST, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: bruno.marchon@hgst.com},
issn={16875915},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Tribol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2013,
title={2013 2nd International Conference on Micro Nano Devices, Structure and Computing Systems, MNDSCS 2013},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2013},
volume={677},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2013 2nd International Conference on Micro Nano Devices, Structure and Computing Systems, MNDSCS 2013 ; Conference Date: 23 January 2013 Through 24 January 2013;  Conference Code:96501},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876006389&partnerID=40&md5=2b6417acfc2f1f2ce3b4ebb15d6f147e},
abstract={The proceedings contain 99 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Material Science and Engineering, Nanomaterials and Nanostructure Synthesis and Properties, Nano Devices and System, Nano materials, Technologies for Applications, Circuits and Systems, Mechanical Engineering, and Industrial Electronics. The topics include: Nonlinear optical properties of biosilicate nanocomposite materials; nano photoelectric material structures-photonic crystals; the electrical characteristics induced by B+ doping of nanotube MOSFET; MeV electron-beam induced clusterization of platinum chloride on graphene for transparent conductive electrodes; polyurethane coating on a supporting layer of polymeric nanofibers; dielectric nano-systems with unique optical properties; the thermal properties of modified nano-silica with diluent/epoxy composites; interband electrooptical transitions in CdS/HgS/CdS cylindrical heterolayer-nanotube; atomic force microscope deposition assisted by electric field; Michelson interferometer for near infrared wavelengths; design and test of high-g MEMS accelerometer; growth and characterization of SnO2 nanostructures by vapor transport technique; electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes with ZnO and MoO3 carrier transport layers; refractive index sensor of V-shaped fiber microstructure fabricated by femtosecond laser; thermal design and analysis of VOx microbolometer; design, simulation and optimization of a new micro-structural gas sensor; constrained structural optimization of electro-thermal microactuator using double chromosome genetic evolution; analysis of construction material using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope); dielectric properties of BaTi5O11 ceramics at microwave frequencies; electromagnetic field shielding fabrics with increased comfort properties; spray deposited thin films of tin-doped indium oxide for optoelectronic applications; polymer matrix on polymer dispersed liquid crystals electro-optical properties; comparative study on the effective dielectric constant of the graded composites; the effect on a new sintered calcium sulfate ceramic to osteoprogenitor MC 3T3-E1; FTIR and WAXD study of regenerated silk fibroin; modeling and simulation research of banded wedge and synchronous V belt drive; an adaptive element-free Galerkin method based on the strain energy density; method of life prediction of engine cylinder cover; development of tolerance ring for cleanliness in assembly process; study swaging process for reduction swage effect in hard disk drive; analysis of burst and collapse strength for tubular with wearing defects; finite element modal analysis of whole structure of spherical grinder; alternative layouts for air distribution improvement of a computing data center; research on error diffusion in bit patterned media; coefficients of local head losses in steady-state flow of throttled surge tanks with standpipe by CFD; an easily realizable band-notched UWB antenna; TID effects on 12-bit digital-to-analog converter; a partial narrow mesa superjunction IGBT; design and implementation of the T5557 RF card reader; comparison of model selection method using data from classical designed experiment; determination of glucose-concentration of turbid sample by optical coherence tomography at 1550nm wavelength; spectral-type probe with λ/40 resolution for near-field optical microscopy systems; signal analysis of monitoring system for object tracking; voltage flicker detection method based on Teager operator; hybrid method for vehicle detection from CCTV captured image; application of three-ratio fault diagnosis rule based on belief rule base; compressed dynamic storage mode in numerical modeling; the bound of local risk minimization estimation on quasi-probability space; automatic landing controller of unmanned aerial vehicle; active RFID indoor location system based on RSSI ranging correction; sea-battlefield situation assessment method based on data mining; linear quadratic regulator for the three-phase grid connected power converter; application of field bus technology in hydropower station gate control system; adaptive control with supraunitary relative degree for the DC electrical machine; design of a compensator for adaptive optics system based on robust model matching; design and implementation of RFID card T5557 reader software; non-negative based locally sparse representation for classification; electric energy consumption forecasting based on economic variables in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand; tourism destination selection by utilizing the fuzzy preference relations; description and improvement of civil engineering; developing of the course of civil engineering material and improvement of the course of construction management.},
sponsors={International Information Engineering Institute, USA},
address={Shenzhen},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783037856420},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Huang2013286,
author={Huang, P.},
title={Research on error diffusion in bit patterned media},
journal={Advanced Materials Research},
year={2013},
volume={677},
pages={286-289},
doi={10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.677.286},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2013 2nd International Conference on Micro Nano Devices, Structure and Computing Systems, MNDSCS 2013 ; Conference Date: 23 January 2013 Through 24 January 2013;  Conference Code:96501},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875994080&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.677.286&partnerID=40&md5=0b73364acc57b34ccdd0d0eb3251ba76},
affiliation={College of Micro-electronic and Solid-electronic, University of electronic science and technology of China, 610054, China},
abstract={The presence on any variation in the magnetization direction of an island has a detrimental effect on the ability to recover recorded data.To approve this,Ansys Finite Element Method software has been used to simulate the magnetic field intensity distribution in bit patterned media,from the result, It is seen the magnetization direction variations because of thermal fluctuation can cause errors,But this errors can not diffusion, It is isolated. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Finite element method;  Magnetic field intensity distribution;  Thermal fluctuation},
keywords={ANSYS finite element method;  Bit-patterned media;  Error diffusion;  Magnetic-field intensity;  Magnetization direction;  Thermal fluctuations, Finite element method;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetization, Errors},
references={Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321, pp. 512-517; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3531-3534. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (10), pp. 3797-3800. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) Recording On Bit-patterned Media At Densities of 1Tb/in and Beyond, 42 (6), pp. 2255-2260. , Jun; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., Temperature dependence remanence loops of ion-milled bit patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (10), pp. 3468-3471. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (10), pp. 3789-3792. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (10), pp. 3551-3557. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Huang, P.; College of Micro-electronic and Solid-electronic, , 610054, China; email: h_ping1@sohu.com},
sponsors={International Information Engineering Institute, USA},
address={Shenzhen},
issn={10226680},
isbn={9783037856420},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saharan2013,
author={Saharan, L. and Morrison, C. and Ikeda, Y. and Takano, K. and Miles, J.J. and Thomson, T. and Schrefl, T. and Hrkac, G.},
title={Grain boundaries in granular materials-A fundamental limit for thermal stability},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2013},
volume={102},
number={14},
doi={10.1063/1.4801316},
art_number={142402},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876371730&doi=10.1063%2f1.4801316&partnerID=40&md5=5e5c1dada591a4dfd089aebe76d076da},
affiliation={Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; San Jose Research Center, HGST, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; St. Pölten University of Applied Science, Matthias Corvinus Strae 15, St. Pölten A-3100, Austria; College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom},
abstract={We show that thermal-stability and the associated switching field in well segregated, nanoscale granular materials is explained by grain boundary and interface effects. Grain boundaries pose a fundamental limit on scaling rooted in their chemical and morphological structure, while exchange interactions across interfaces cause the switching to deviate from the expected coherent Stoner-Wohlfarth behaviour. Measurements and simulations of CoCrPt-systems show a clear shift in applied field angle behaviour, arising from exchange-coupling between magnetic-phases, while the quantitative switching field can only be explained by a transition layer surrounding the grains. These results are potentially significant for Heat-Assisted-Magnetic Recording and Bit-Patterned-Media Recording. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.},
keywords={A transitions;  Applied field;  Interface effect;  Morphological structures;  Nano scale;  Stoner-Wohlfarth;  Switching field, Granular materials, Grain boundaries},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/G032300/1, EP/G032440/1},
funding_details={Royal SocietyRoyal Society},
funding_details={Vienna Science and Technology FundVienna Science and Technology Fund, WWTF, MA09-029},
funding_text 1={We would like to thank the EPSRC for financial support under Grants No. EP/G032440/1, EP/G032300/1, the WWTF Project MA09-029 and the Royal Society.},
references={Hrkac, G., Woodcock, T.G., Freeman, C., Goncharov, A., Dean, J., Schrefl, T., Gutfleisch, O., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 232511. , 10.1063/1.3519906; Shinba, Y., Konno, T.J., Ishikawa, K., Hiraga, K., Sagawa, M., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 053504. , 10.1063/1.1851017; Matsuura, M., Sugimoto, S., Goto, R., Tezuka, N., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07A741. , 10.1063/1.3076050; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Kirschner, M., Suess, D., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3592. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854736; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855263; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, pp. 599-642. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys. (Moscow), 2, pp. 161-181; Thomson, T., Lengsfield, B., Do, H., Terris, B.D., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F548. , 10.1063/1.2839310; Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Dittrich, R., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Tsiantos, V., Forster, H., (2003) Top. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 1. , 10.1007/3-540-46097-7-1; Saharan, L., Morrison, C., Miles, J.J., Thomson, T., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 103906. , 10.1063/1.3662919; Morrison, C., Saharan, L., Hrkac, G., Schrefl, T., Ikeda, Y., Takano, K., Miles, J.J., Thomson, T., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 132507. , 10.1063/1.3644469; Lister, S.J., Wismayer, M.P., Venkataramana, V., De Vries, M.A., Ray, S.J., Lee, S.L., Thomson, T., Dewhurst, C., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 063908. , 10.1063/1.3213381; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, pp. 12-19. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00388-8; Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Bance, G., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, 2, pp. 765-794. , (Wiley, New York); Kronmüller, H., (1978) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 7, p. 341. , 10.1016/0304-8853(78)90217-2; Suess, D., Breth, L., Lee, J., Fuger, M., Vogler, C., Bruckner, F., Bergmair, B., Schrefl, T., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 224421. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.224421},
correspondence_address1={Saharan, L.; Department of Engineering Materials, , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Sheth2013420,
author={Sheth, J. and Venkateswarlu, D. and Kumar, P.S.A.},
title={Micromagnetic study of magnetization reversal and dipolar interactions in NiFe nano disks},
journal={AIP Conference Proceedings},
year={2013},
volume={1512},
pages={420-421},
doi={10.1063/1.4791090},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 57th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2012 ; Conference Date: 3 December 2012 Through 7 December 2012},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874922869&doi=10.1063%2f1.4791090&partnerID=40&md5=e46dc5d8ec84632d5ec60adf0cd15670},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India},
abstract={To achieve the high areal densities in storing the information in the hard disk magnetic material, one need to look for the small bit size with minimum separations possible without erasing the information by the dipolar fields of neighbor bits. Bit patterned media is one of the proposed magnetic media wherein each bit is stored in an isolated magnetic dot in contrast to conventional granular media. Micromagnetic simulations are very helpful in finding the optimum bit size and their separations for this purpose. We used Nmag in understanding the magnetization relaxation and reversal process in the NiFe nano disks. We considered 5nm thick disks with diameters ranging from 80 to 300nm for the reversal study. All the disks show single step hysteresis loops which indicates that the reversal is governed by coherent rotations where the entire disk is behaving like a giant spin. Dipolar interactions between the disks of diameters ranging from 50 to 80 nm, with 5, 10 and 15 nm thicknesses are considered with different initial magnetizations and distances. This study shows that the closest packing is limited by the distance between 90° oriented disks, which generally occurs during the reversal of neighbor bits. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.},
author_keywords={Micromagnetic simulations;  nano rings and dipolar interactions},
references={White, R.L., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; http://nmag.soton.ac.uk/nmag/},
correspondence_address1={Sheth, J.; Department of Physics, , Mumbai 400076, India},
sponsors={Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences; Department of Atomic Energy; Government of India},
address={Bombay, Mumbai},
issn={0094243X},
isbn={9780735411333},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={AIP Conf. Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Archontas20134215,
author={Archontas, I. and Salapatas, A. and Misiakos, K.},
title={Molecular film growth monitoring via reflection microscopy on periodically patterned substrates},
journal={Optics Express},
year={2013},
volume={21},
number={4},
pages={4215-4227},
doi={10.1364/OE.21.004215},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874533924&doi=10.1364%2fOE.21.004215&partnerID=40&md5=5a72668e1bbb79a049b12c5e3c26fa54},
affiliation={Inst. of Adv. Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Athens, Greece},
abstract={An optical method is presented for in the situ monitoring of biomolecular films via reflection microscopy on patterned substrates. The method is based on measuring the reflection coefficient of a composite consisting of a substrate, a patterned optical layer, the thin film to be monitored and the cover medium. The optical layer is patterned so that an array of squares is surrounded by the bare substrate. The reflectance difference between the optical layer squares and the bare substrate is the observable, whose fractional changes reveal the thickness of the film through a simple analytical expression. The periodic image is recorded by a digital microscope, and through Fourier transform techniques, the normalized differential reflectance of the patterned optical composite is calculated as the contrast factor of two dimensional bit map. The method is demonstrated by measuring a protein binding assay inside a microfluidic module placed under a microscope. © 2013 Optical Society of America.},
keywords={Biochemistry;  Digital devices;  Film growth;  Reflection, Analytical expressions;  Bio-molecular;  Bit maps;  Contrast factor;  Digital microscopes;  Growth monitoring;  Molecular films;  Optical layers;  Optical methods;  Patterned substrates;  Protein binding;  Reflectance differences;  Situ monitoring;  Thickness of the film, Substrates, protein;  protein, chemistry;  crystallography;  materials testing;  microscopy;  molecular imprinting;  photometry;  procedures;  ultrastructure;  article;  chemistry;  crystallography;  materials testing;  methodology;  microscopy;  molecular imprinting;  photometry;  ultrastructure, Crystallography;  Materials Testing;  Microscopy;  Molecular Imprinting;  Photometry;  Proteins, Crystallography;  Materials Testing;  Microscopy;  Molecular Imprinting;  Photometry;  Proteins},
chemicals_cas={protein, 67254-75-5; Proteins; Proteins},
references={Turner, A.P.F., Biochemistry. Biosensors-sense and sensitivity (2000) Science, 290 (5495), pp. 1315-1317; Guo, X.W., Surface plasmon resonance based biosensor technique: A review (2012) J Biophotonics, 5 (7), pp. 483-501; Herranz, S., Bockova, M., Marazuela, M.D., Homola, J., Moreno-Bondi, M.C., Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for parallelized detection of protein biomarkers in diluted blood plasma (2010) Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398 (6), pp. 2625-2634; Luchansky, M.S., Bailey, R.C., Silicon photonic microring resonators for quantitative cytokine detection and T-cell secretion analysis (2010) Anal. Chem., 82 (5), pp. 1975-1981; Brecht, A., Gauglitz, G., Polster, J., Interferometric immunoassay in a FIA-system-A sensitive and rapid approach in label-free immunosensing (1993) Biosens. Bioelectron., 8 (7-8), pp. 387-392; Zhu, X., Landry, J.P., Sun, Y.S., Gregg, J.P., Lam, K.S., Guo, X., Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference microscope for label-free high-throughput detection of biochemical reactions in a microarray format (2007) Appl. Opt., 46 (10), pp. 1890-1895; Wang, J.Y., Dai, J., He, L.P., Sun, Y., Lu, H.B., Jin, K.J., Yang, G.Z., Label-free and real-time detections of the interactions of swine IgG with goat anti-swine IgG by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference technique (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112 (6), p. 064702; Heavens, O.S., (1991) Optical Properties of Thin Solid Films, , Dover Publications Chap. 4; Zavali, M., Petrou, P.S., Kakabakos, S.E., Kitsara, M., Raptis, I., Beltsios, K., Misiakos, K., Label-free kinetic study of biomolecular interactions by white light reflectance spectroscopy (2006) Micro & Nano Lett., 12, pp. 94-98; Busse, S., Scheumann, V., Menges, B., Mittler, S., Sensitivity studies for specific binding reactions using the biotin/streptavidin system by evanescent optical methods (2002) Biosens. Bioelectron., 17 (8), pp. 704-710; Ihalainen, P., Peltonen, J., Immobilization of streptavidin onto biotin-functionalized Langmuir-Schaefer binary monolayers chemisorbed on gold (2004) Sens. Actuat. B, 102 (2), pp. 207-218; Zavali, M., (2006) Direct Study of Biomolecular Interactions Through White Light Reflection Spectroscopy, , Senior Thesis, University of Ioannina, Greece},
correspondence_address1={Archontas, I.; Inst. of Adv. Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology and Microsystems NCSR Demokritos, 15310, Athens, Greece},
publisher={Optical Society of American (OSA)},
issn={10944087},
pubmed_id={23481955},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. Express},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liao2013,
author={Liao, J.-W. and Huang, K.-F. and Wang, L.-W. and Tsai, W.-C. and Wen, W.-C. and Chiang, C.-C. and Lin, H.-J. and Chang, F.-H. and Lai, C.-H.},
title={Highly (001)-oriented thin continuous L10 FePt film by introducing an FeOx cap layer},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2013},
volume={102},
number={6},
doi={10.1063/1.4793189},
art_number={062420},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874284000&doi=10.1063%2f1.4793189&partnerID=40&md5=0a4dfb8e0c6a28b6f799803e048aea16},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan},
abstract={We demonstrate a thin and continuous L10 FePt film with a well-aligned (001) texture directly grown on Si || SiO2 substrates by introducing an FeOx cap layer. The agglomeration of capped FePt films is greatly suppressed by inhibiting the surface diffusion. This, in turn, yields a continuous and smooth film, which significantly promotes the (001) out-of-plane orientation and perpendicular anisotropy. The reduction of Fe oxides occurs during annealing, which not only promotes interdiffusion of Fe and Pt for L10 ordering but also removes the cap layer simultaneously. Therefore, additional etching for the cap layer is not required for further fabricating bit patterned media. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Cap layers;  Fe oxide;  FePt films;  Out-of-plane orientation;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Well-aligned, Physical properties;  Physics, Iron oxides},
funding_details={101A16},
funding_details={Seagate TechnologySeagate Technology},
funding_details={National Science CouncilNational Science Council, NSC, 99-2923-E-007-003-MY2},
funding_text 1={This work has been supported by the National Science Council of Republic of China under Grant Nos. 101A16 and NSC 99-2923-E-007-003-MY2 and was partially supported by Seagate Technology.},
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correspondence_address1={Liao, J.-W.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lin2013723,
author={Lin, M.Y. and Elidrissi, M.R. and Chan, K.S. and Eason, K. and Chua, M. and Asbahi, M. and Yang, J.K.W. and Thiyagarajah, N. and Ng, V.},
title={Channel characterization and performance evaluation of bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={2},
pages={723-729},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2226708},
art_number={6416988},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873873224&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2226708&partnerID=40&md5=481e5e81909aa20d0c980a47e93013e5},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore; Institute Material Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117602, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) is a promising approach to push back the onset of the superparamagnetic limit faced by conventional continuous granular media. Today, BPM islands can be fabricated at densities higher than can be characterized by existing methods and full bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is still a long way off. In this work, we rely on simulations to predict how such islands would perform in a real recording scenario. The grain flipping probability (GFP) model is trained via micromagnetic simulations and reproduces the magnetic profiles used to generate readback signals for channel simulations. The geometrical parameters to the micromagnetic simulations, such as the island size variations and island position jitter are characterized from measurements of islands fabricated via e-beam at various channel densities. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  grain flipping probability (GFP) model;  hard disk drives (HDDs);  jitter characterization;  magnetic recording;  micromagnetic simulations;  signal processing},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Channel characterization;  Channel density;  Channel simulation;  Granular media;  Hard disk drives;  Island size;  Magnetic profiles;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Performance evaluation;  Position jitter;  Superparamagnetic limit, Jitter;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Signal processing;  Superparamagnetism, Computer simulation},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Fatih Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , jun; Yang, J.K., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 (2011) Nanotechnol., 22 (38), p. 385301. , http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/CompanyProfileSummary.aspx?c=202, Sep. 22; Chan, K.S., Rachid, E.M., Eason, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Comparison of one and two dimensional detectors on simulated and spinstand readback waveforms (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (3), pp. 336-343; Elidrissi, M.R., Sann, C.K., Keng, T.K., Eason, K., Hwang, E., Vijayakumar, B., Zhiliang, Q., Modeling of two-dimensional magnetic recording and a comparison of data detection schemes (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3685-3690. , Oct; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct; Chua, M., Elidrissi, M.R., Eason, K., Zhang, S., Qin, Z.L., Chai, K.S., Tan, K.P., Victora, Y.D.R., Comparing analytical, micromagnetic and statistical channel models at 4 tcbpsi patterned media recording (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (5), pp. 1826-1832. , http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/CompanyProfileSummary.aspx?c=202, May; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , mar; Radford, N., Ldpc Software, , http://www.cs.toronto.edu/radford/ftp/LDPC-2006-02-08/index.html},
correspondence_address1={Lin, M.Y.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: lin_yu@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liu2013829,
author={Liu, X. and Cai, J. and Wu, L.},
title={Improved decoding algorithm of serial belief propagation with a stop updating criterion for ldpc codes and applications in patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={2},
pages={829-836},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2208468},
art_number={6238374},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873853914&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2208468&partnerID=40&md5=59f83cb5ec0782c6a1f4be49c7cdfbb3},
affiliation={School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence, Sensor Networks Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, China},
abstract={In high density patterned media storage system, the 'multiple islands per read head' model is taken into account for inter-track interference (ITI) in bit-patterned media (BPM). It has been proposed that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes could improve the symbol error rate (SER) performance significantly when only considering AWGN noise alone over the storage channel. LDPC decoding algorithm could be applied in LDPC joint decoder of patterned media storage system. In this paper, we proposed a decoding algorithm of serial belief propagation (SBP) with a stop updating criterion for LDPC decoder. Simulation results show that the proposed decoding algorithm could reduce the times of generating and propagating the message in decoding with negligible error rate performance loss over AWGN channels when appropriately choosing the parameter that determines which variable node has been converged. By taking advantage of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts, it is demonstrated that the proposed decoding algorithm could maintain superior SER performance and convergence rate compared with the traditional SBP decoding algorithm. To further explore the performance of the proposed decoding algorithm in 'multiple islands per read head' model, we performed a large number of simulations over this channel model with different distribution percentages between the AWGN and the island position jitter noise. Simulation results show that the LDPC codes could improve the SER performance when considering jitter noise while the proposed decoding algorithm behaves excellently over the patterned media storage channel and over the AWGN channel. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts;  low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  patterned media;  stopping criterion;  transition-jitter noise (TJN)},
keywords={Extrinsic information transfer charts;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Patterned medias;  Stopping criteria;  transition-jitter noise (TJN), Algorithms;  Computer simulation;  Forward error correction;  Jitter;  Noise generators;  White noise, Decoding},
references={Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Anew read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Yuanjing, S., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in BPM to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Saga, H., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Aoi, H., Mu-Raoka, H., Impact of multidomain dots on write margin in bit patterned mediarecording IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3745-3748. , Oct 2011; Liu, X., Shi, C., Teng, M., Ma, X., Error correction coding with LDPC codes for patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3745-3748. , Oct; Yao, J., Teh, K.C., Li, K.H., Reduced-state Bahl-Cocke-Jalinek-Raviv detector for patterned media storage (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (12), pp. 4108-4110. , Dec; MacKay, D., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low densityparitycheckcodes (1996) Elect.Lett., 32 (18), pp. 1645-1646. , Aug; Davey, M.C., Mac Kay, D., Low-density parity check codes over GF(q) (1998) IEEECommun. Lett., 2 (6), pp. 165-167. , Jun; Sharon, E., Litsyn, S., Goldberger, J., Efficient serial mes-sage-passing schedules for LDPC decoding (2007) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 53 (11), pp. 4076-4097. , Nov; Goldberger, J., Kfir, H., Serial schedules for belief propagation: Analysis of convergence time (2008) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 54 (3), pp. 1316-1319. , Mar; Phakphisut, W., Supnithi, P., Sopon, T., Myint, L., Serial belief propagation for the high-rate LDPC decoders and performances in the bit patterned media systems with media noise (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3562-3565. , Oct; Zhangand, J.T., P. C Fossorier, M., Shufflediterative decoding (2005) IEEE Trans. Commun., 53, pp. 209-213. , Feb; Levin, D., Sharon, E., Litsyn, S., Lazy scheduling for LDPC de- coding (2007) IEEE Commun. Lett., 11 (1), pp. 70-72. , Jan; Hocevar, D.E., A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decodingof LDPC codes (2004) Proc IEEE Workshop Signal Processing and Systems (SIPS.04), pp. 107-112. , Austin, TX, Oct; Casado, A., Griot, M., Wesel, R.D., Informed dynamic scheduling for belief-propagation decoding of LDPC codes (2007) Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Commun, pp. 932-937. , Glasgow, U.K., Jun; Han, G., Liu, X., An efficient dynamic schedule for layered belief- propagation decoding of LDPC codes (2009) IEEE Commun. Lett., 13 (12), pp. 950-952. , Dec; Li, J., You, X.H., Li, J., Early stopping for LDPC decoding: Con- vergence of mean magnitude (CMM) (2006) IEEE Comm. Lett., 10 (9), pp. 667-669. , Sep; Chen, X., Men, A., Zhou, W., A stopping criterion for nonbi- nary LDPC codes over GF(s (2008) Proc. 11th IEEE Singapore Int. Conf. Communication System (ICCS), pp. 1312-1315. , Guangzhou, China; Brink, S.T., Convergence of iterative decoding (1999) IEEEElectron. Lett., 35 (10), pp. 806-808. , May; Brink, S.T., Kramer, G., Ashikhmin, A., Design of low-den- sity parity-check codes for modulation and detection (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun., 52 (4), pp. 670-678. , Apr; Bennatan, A., Burshtein, D., Design and analysis of nonbinary LDPC codes for arbitrary discrete-memoryless channels (2006) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 52 (2), pp. 549-583. , Feb; Han, G., Liu, X., A unified early stopping criterion for binary and nonbinary LDPC codes based on check-sum variation patterns (2010) IEEE Commun. Lett., 14 (11), pp. 1053-1055. , Nov; Dong, H.K., Kim, S.W., Bit-level stopping of turbo decoding (2006) IEEE Commun. Lett., 10 (3), pp. 183-185. , Mar; Bakshi, V.U., Bakshi, U.A., (2008) Automatic Control System, pp. 39-43. , Pune, Ma- harashtra, India: Technical Publications Pune ch. 7; Cheng, M.K., Campello, J., Siegel, P.H., Soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoding on partial response channels (2002) Proc IEEE Globe Com, pp. 1026-1030. , Taipei, Taiwan, Nov; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.-M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth Tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Okamoto, Y., Masunari, N., Yamamoto, H., Osawa, H., Saito, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Jitter-like noise cancellation using AR model of PR channel in perpendicular magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2349-2351. , Sep; Liu, X., Zhang, W., Fan, Z., Construction of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes andthe performance onthe PR4-equalized MRC channel (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3699-3702. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Liu, X.; School of Information Science and Technology, , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; email: isslxc@mail.sysu.edu.cn},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Albrecht2013773,
author={Albrecht, T.R. and Bedau, D. and Dobisz, E. and Gao, H. and Grobis, M. and Hellwig, O. and Kercher, D. and Lille, J. and Marinero, E. and Patel, K. and Ruiz, R. and Schabes, M.E. and Wan, L. and Weller, D. and Wu, T.-W.},
title={Bit patterned media at 1 Tdot/in2 and beyond},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={2},
pages={773-778},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2227303},
art_number={6416979},
note={cited By 72},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873839137&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2227303&partnerID=40&md5=5dd0cad223cf17c1e7f6344a69be686b},
affiliation={HGST A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) provide an alternative to conventional granular thin film recording media, circumventing the challenges of managing grain size and its associated noise and thermal stability issues in granular media. A viable fabrication strategy involves creation of a master pattern by rotary-stage e-beam lithography and directed self-assembly of block copolymers, followed by pattern replication via UV-cure nanoimprint lithography and pattern transfer to a magnetic thin film by ion beam etching. These steps have been demonstrated for 150 Gdot/cm2 (1 Tdot/in2 ) hcp patterns, achieving a dot placement tolerance of 1.2 nm 1\sigma and a defect rate of {&lt;10-3. Media samples fabricated in this manner from continuous CoCrPt alloy films have achieved a 1\sigma switching field distribution of 4% of mbi H\mmb c. A 2T medium SNR of nearly 14 dB and a write bit error rate of 2\,\times\,10-3 have been shown using a static tester with a conventional product read/write head. Modeling and experiment suggest that higher recording density can be achieved using BPM with a bit aspect ratio (BAR) {&gt; 1. A master pattern generation generation strategy for BAR &gt; 1 with rectangular islands is shown using intersecting lines generated by directed self-assembly of lamellar block copolymers in combination with spacer-defined line doubling. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit error rate;  media SNR;  nanoimprint;  patterned media;  self-assembly},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  CoCrPt alloy film;  Conventional products;  Defect rate;  Directed self-assembly;  e-Beam lithography;  Fabrication strategies;  Grain size;  Granular media;  Granular thin films;  Ion beam etching;  media SNR;  Nano-imprint;  Pattern Generation;  Pattern replication;  Pattern transfers;  Patterned medias;  Recording density;  Static tester;  Switching field distribution, Aspect ratio;  Bit error rate;  Block copolymers;  Magnetic thin films;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal to noise ratio, Self assembly},
references={Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (invited) (1996) Journal of Applied Physics, 79 (8 PART 2B), pp. 6101-6106; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Lithographically patterned single-domain cobalt islands for high-density magnetic recording (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 155, pp. 140-145; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., Ruizm. E Schabes, R., Terris, B.D., Wu, Z.X., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, J, pp. 237-274. , Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer, Eds. New York: Springer; Schmid, G.M., Miller, M., Brooks, C., Khusnatdinov, N., Labrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Yang, X., Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, pp. 573-580; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D., Advanced lithography for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 45 (2 PART 2), pp. 833-838. , feb; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, F.C., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S.G., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bitpatterned media with areal density of 1 terabit/inch and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media (2011) ACS Nano, 5 (1), pp. 79-84; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Patterned magnetic media made by self-assembled block-copolymer lithography (2008) MRS Bull., 33, pp. 838-845; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., Nanoimprint mold for 2.5 Tbit/in. directed self-assembly bit patterned media with phase servo pattern (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, p. 046503; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., Polymer self assembly in semiconductor microelectronics (2007) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 51 (5), pp. 605-633. , http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/515/black.html, DOI 10.1147/rd.515.0605; Segalman, R.A., Patterning with block copolymer thin films (2005) Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 48 (6), pp. 191-226. , DOI 10.1016/j.mser.2004.12.003, PII S0927796X05000021; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (5), p. 052511; Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H.B., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J.P., Fabrication of FePt type exchange coupled composite bit patterned media by block copolymer lithography (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B754; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Dobisza. Bogdanov, E., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 11, p. 031405; Liu, G., Nealey, P.F., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of chevron patterns for patterned media with block copolymer directed assembly (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B, 29, pp. 06F204; Lille, J., Ruiz, R., Wan, L., Gao, H., Dhanda, A., Zeltzer, G., Arnoldussen, T., Albrecht, T.R., Integration of servo and high bit aspect ratio data patterns on nanoimprint templates for patterned media (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48 (11), pp. 2757-2760. , Nov; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T.T., Macroscopic 10-terabit-per-square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order (2009) Science, 323 (5917), pp. 1030-1033. , Russell; Bencher, C., SADP: The best option for nm NAND flash (2007) Nanochip Technol. J., 2, pp. 8-13; Patel, K.C., Ruiz, R., Lille, J., Wan, L., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Robertson, N., Albrecht, T.R., Line frequency doubling of directed self assembly patterns for single-digit bit pattern media lithography (2012) Proc. SPIE Alternative Lithographic Technol.,W.M. Tong AndD. J.Resnick, Eds, 8323, pp. 8323OU-1; Miller, M., Doyle, G., Stacey, N., Xu, F., Sreenivasan, M., Watts, S.V., Labrake, D.L., Fabrication of nanometer sized features on non-flat substrates using a nano-imprint lithography process (2005) Proc. SPIE, 5751, p. 994; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 Tdot/in nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2604-2610; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505; Berger, A., Xu, Y., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., ΔH(M, ΔM) method for the determination of intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3178-3180. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855285; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., Dynamic coercivity measurements in thin film recording media using a contact write/read tester (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (8 A), pp. 5018-5020; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwigm, E., Schabes, O., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 Gb/in (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509; Asbahi, M., Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Gourgon, C., Perret, C., Van De Veerdonk, M.R.J., Recording performances in perpendicular magnetic patterned media (2010) J. Phys. D, 43, p. 385003; Leong, S.H., Lim, M.J.B., Santoso, B., Ong, C.L., Yuan, Z.-M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Hu, S.B., Patterned media and energy assisted recording study by drag tester (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (7), pp. 1981-1987. , Jul; Dobisz, E.A., Kercher, D., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., Marinero, E.E., Weller, D., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of CoCrPt alloy bit patterned media at 1 Td/in and recording performance measurement with conventional read/write head (2012) J. Vac. Sci. Techn. B, 30, pp. 06FH01; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Schabes, M.E., Albrecht, T.R., Grobis, M., (2012) System Level Perspective of Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording TMRC'12, Paper F-4, , Aug},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, T.R.; HGST A Western Digital Company, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: thomas.albrecht@hgst.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2013707,
author={Wang, H. and Zhao, H. and Rahman, T. and Isowaki, Y. and Kamata, Y. and Maeda, T. and Hieda, H. and Kikitsu, A. and Wang, J.-P.},
title={Fabrication and characterization of fept exchange coupled composite and graded bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={2},
pages={707-712},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2230155},
art_number={6417007},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873835494&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2230155&partnerID=40&md5=bf73f3451c103f492880e509ebe6c561},
affiliation={MINT Center and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Toshiba Central Lab, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Three methods to fabricate continuous FePt films with graded magnetic anisotropy for bit patterned media (BPM) were evaluated. Continuous FePt films with surface roughness of less than 0.3 nm were achieved in continuous FePt hard magnetic films, FePt/Fe exchange coupled composite (ECC) films and FePt/Fe based graded films. Depositing an Fe-rich film on FePt at high temperature was found to form large grains and cause the film surface very rough for BPM fabrication. Depositing Fe on FePt at room temperature and then annealing it to create graded anisotropy through the layer interdiffusion process was demonstrated to fabricate FePt/Fe based graded BPM. The continuous FePt films with hard layer only, ECC structure and graded magnetic anisotropy were patterned using a di-block copolymer self-assemble hard mask method with 25 nm dot size over 2-inch substrate. The switching field distribution (SFD) broadening and degradation of FePt BPM was studied. The reduction of SFD was achieved using a postannealing process. It was confirmed that the patterned graded BPM sample has smaller switching field and larger thermal energy barrier than the ECC sample. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  block copolymer lithograph;  etching damage;  exchange coupled composite media;  FePt media;  FePt thin films;  graded media;  switching field distribution},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled composite media;  FePt media;  FePt thin films;  Graded media;  Switching field distribution, Block copolymers;  Deposits;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Surface roughness, Composite films},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans.Magn., 36 (1), pp. 10-15. , Jan; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855263; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Wang, J.P., Shen, W.K., Hong, S.H., Fabrication and characterization of exchange coupled composite media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (2 PART 2), pp. 682-686. , feb; Yu, A., Dobin, Richter, H.J., (2006) Domain Wall Assisted Magnetic Recording, 89, p. 062512; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105; Lu, Z., Visscher, B., Butler, W.H., Domain wall switching: Optimizing the energy landscape (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2941-2943. , jun; Wang, H., Rahman, T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J.P., Fabrication of FePt type exchange coupled composite bit patterned media by block copolymer lithography (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B754; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., FePt based exchange coupled composite bit patterned films (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 242503; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Makino, A., Esashi, M., Inoue, A., FePt(111)/glassy CoFeTaB bilayered structure for patterned media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B908; Davies, J.E., Morrow, P., Dennis, C.L., Lau, J.W., McMorran, B., Cochran, A., Unguris, J., Liu, K., Reversal of patterned Co/Pd multilayers with graded magnetic anisotropy (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B909; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1949-1951. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, D.J., FePt nanodot arrays with perpendicular easy axis, large coercivity, and extremely high density (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 172508; Shimatsu, T., Inaba, Y., Kataoka, H., Sayama, J., Aoi, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Dot arrays of -type FePt ordered alloy perpendicular films fabricated using low-temperature sputter filmdeposition (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B726; Bublat, T., Goll, D., Large-area hard magnetic L1 -FePt nanopatterns by nanoimprint lithography (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301; Bublat, T., Goll, D., Influence of dot size and annealing on the magnetic properties of large-area -FePt nanopatterns (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 073908; Ma, B., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Sun, C., Acharya, R., Wang, J., Structural and magnetic properties of a core-shell type L1 FePt/Fe exchange coupled nanocomposite with tilted easy axis (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, p. 083907; Chen, J.S., Xu, Y., Wang, J.P., Effect of Pt buffer layer on structural and magnetic properties of FePt thin films (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 1661-1665; Goll, D., Breitling, A., Gu, L., Van Aken, P.A., Sigle, W., Experimental realization of graded -FePt/Fe composite media with perpendicular magnetization (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 083903; Dannenberg, A., Gruner, M.E., Hucht, A., Entel, P., Surface energies of stoichiometric FePt and CoPt alloys and their implications for nanoparticle morphologies (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 245438; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakamo, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., Chemical-order-dependent magnetic anisotropy and exchange stiffness constant of FePt (001) epitaxial films (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 024413; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., Relationship between high density recording performance and particle coercivity distribution (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (6 PART 2), pp. 4975-4977. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Wang, J.-P.; MINT Center and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: jpwang@umn.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kikitsu2013693,
author={Kikitsu, A. and Maeda, T. and Hieda, H. and Yamamoto, R. and Kihara, N. and Kamata, Y.},
title={5 Tdots/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by a directed self-assembly mask},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={2},
pages={693-698},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2226566},
art_number={6416987},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873832249&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2226566&partnerID=40&md5=99dd2c9c70b672b2b50e6eae8cf9f886},
affiliation={RandD Center, Storage Materials and Devices Laboratory, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={FePt bit patterned media (BPM) was fabricated with a self-assembled polymer mask with a feature size of 12 nm pitch (equivalent to 5 hbox{Tdots/in 2 ). A 3.5 nm FePt film with high c-axis crystal orientation was prepared for the magnetic recording layer. A solvent vapor annealing process was applied for obtaining uniform directed self-assembling of polystyrene (PS) -polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) diblock copolymer pattern. Pattern transfer from a polymer mask to FePt layer was achieved by employing a carbon hard mask. In spite of excellent magnetic characteristics of FePt layer, the fabricated FePt BPM showed small coercivity (H-rm c) of 6 kOe and large switching field distribution (SFD) of 21%. These results are due to the etching damage of FePt dots. Disordering of FePt rm L10 phase by the etching damage reduced magnetic anisotropy energy (K-rm u). The damaged portion became a nucleus of the magnetization reversal and reduced H\rm c. Distribution of the damaged volume and the extent of the K\rm u reduction contributed to large SFD. This model is supported by the experimental data of magnetic field angle dependence of switching field. The result suggests the domain wall motion type of magnetization reversal mode, where the domain wall is created at the interface between the damaged portion and the internal high-K\rm u region. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  diblock copolymer;  directed self-assembling;  FePt;  switching field},
keywords={A-carbon;  Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Domain wall motion;  Feature sizes;  FePt;  FePt films;  FePt layers;  Magnetic anisotropy energy;  Magnetic characteristic;  Magnetic field angle;  Pattern transfers;  Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS;  Polymer masks;  Self-assembled;  Self-assembling;  Solvent vapors;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Block copolymers;  Domain walls;  Etching;  Magnetization reversal;  Polystyrenes;  Silicones;  Vapors, Fabrication},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, pp. 6673-6675; Mansky, P., Chaikin, P., Thomas, E.L., (1995) J. Mater. Sci., 30, p. 1987; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in bit patterned media (2011) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 10-15. , Jan; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 526-530; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., Fabrication of FePt patterned media with diblock copolymer templates (2006) J. Photopoly. Sci. Technol., 19, pp. 425-430; Maeda, T., Fabrication of highly (001) oriented L10 FePt thin film using NiTa seed layer (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3331-3333. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855203; Ohta, T., Kawasaki, K., (1986) Macromolecules, 19, p. 2621; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Orientation-controlled self-assembled nanolithography using a polystyrene - polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (2007) Nano Letters, 7 (7), pp. 2046-2050. , DOI 10.1021/nl070924l; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A novel approach to addressable 4 Teradot/in.2 patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2516-2519; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Solvent-vapor-induced tunability of self-assembled block copolymer patterns (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, pp. 2540-2545; Wang, Q., Yang, J., Yao, W., Wang, K., Du, R., Zhang, Q., Chen, F., Fu, Q., A simple pathway to ordered silica nanopattern from self-assembling of block copolymer containing organic silicon block (2010) Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, pp. 5843-5848; Son, J.G., Chang, J.-B., Berggren, K.K., Ross, C.A., Assembly of sub-10-nm block copolymer patterns with mixed morphology and period using electron irradiation and solvent annealing (2011) Nano Lett., 11, pp. 5079-5083; Son, J.G., Hannon, A.F., Gotrik, K.W., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., Hierarchical nanostructures by sequential self-assembly of styrene-dimethylsiloxane block copolymers of different periods (2011) Adv. Mater., 23, pp. 634-639; Tavakkoli, A.K.G., Hannon, A.F., Gotrik, K.W., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., Berggren, K.K., Rectangular symmetry morphologies in a topographically templated block copolymer (2012) Adv. Mater., 24, pp. 4249-4254; Kim, G., Libera, M., Morphological development in solvent-cast polystyrene-polybutadiene- polystyrene (SBS) triblock copolymer thin films (1998) Macromolecules, 31, p. 2569; Sasao, N., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Okino, T., Ootera, Y., Kikitsu, A., Influence of Solvent Vapor Atmospheres to the Self-Assembly of Poly(Styrene-b-Dimethylsiloxane); Segalman Et Al., R.A., (2003) Macromolecules, 36, p. 3272; Okino, T., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hosaka, S., Evaluation of ordering of directed self-assembly of block copolymers with pre-patterned guides for bit patterned media (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8323, pp. 83230S6673; Watanabe, A., Takizawa, K., Kimura, K., Onitsuka, T., Iwasaki, T., Takeo, A., Kamata, Y., (2012) Dig. Intermag Conf, CS-11; Maeda, T., Hieda, H., Shimada, T., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2012) Dig. Intermag Conf, CS-13; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., Relationship between high density recording performance and particle coercivity distribution (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (6 PART 2), pp. 4975-4977. , Nov; Kikitsu, A., Isowaki, Y., Kimura, K., Watanabe, A., Kamata, Y., (2010) Abstract 55th MMM Conf CF-01, p. 185; Victra, R., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 537-542. , Oct; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., Switching field and thermal stability of CoPt/Ru dot arrays with various thicknesses (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2160-2162. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893129; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., Rotation and wall propagation in multidomain Co/Pd islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3589-3591. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854733},
correspondence_address1={Kikitsu, A.; RandD Center, , Kawasaki Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan; email: akira.kikitsu@toshiba.co.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu2013478,
author={Xu, S. and Liu, J. and Chen, J. and Liu, B.},
title={Patterned bit cell arrangement and broadening of switching field distribution caused by magneto-static interactions},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={1},
pages={478-482},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2207733},
art_number={6236189},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871838454&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2207733&partnerID=40&md5=4fe75bfa207eff2642bd2ec4f834057e},
affiliation={Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Patterned media technology is a promising approach for future high density magnetic data storage. The bit-to-bit spacing becomes smaller as recording density increases. As a result, the magneto-static field (Hd) from the surrounding bits becomes stronger, and contributes more to the broadening of the switching field distribution (SFD) of targeted bit. This paper reports the investigations between possible bit-cell arrangements and SFD broadening caused by the magneto-static field. The possible bit-cell arrangements are categorized into three groups-square arrangement, isosceles triangular arrangement, and equilateral triangular arrangement. The influences of manufacturing induced deviations, including bit-cell position offset and bit-cell size variation, over the Hd are also simulated. The results suggested that isosceles triangular arrangement can reduce the SFD broadening, without increasing the requirement on track positioning accuracy. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit cell arrangement;  manufacturing induced deviations;  patterned media;  switching field distribution},
keywords={Bit cell;  Equilateral-triangular arrangement;  High density;  Isosceles triangular;  Patterned medias;  Positioning accuracy;  Recording density;  Size variation;  Switching field distribution, Cytology;  Magnetos;  Manufacture, Cells},
references={Guarisco, D., Xing, X., Moser, A., Gider, S., Mauri, D., Stoev, K., Magnetic recording at extreme track densities (2011) Digests of Intermag Conf; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., The feasibility of bit-patterned recording at 4 without heat-assist (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109, pp. 07B730. , Mar; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patternedmedia (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88 (22), pp. 222512-2225123. , May; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321 (6), pp. 512-517. , Jun; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Shi, J.Z., Deng, J., Ding, J., Li, W.M., Leong, S.H., Zhao, J.M., Individual bit island reversal and switching field distribution in perpendicular magnetic bit patterned media (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 324 (3), pp. 264-268. , Feb; Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., Zhou, T.J., Goh, C.K., Ong, C.L., Cheong, C.M., Wang, L., Perspectives of magnetic recording system at 10 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (11), pp. 5038-5043. , Nov; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., A study of multirow-per-track bit patterned media by spinstand testing and magnetic force microscopy (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 93 (10), pp. 102501-1025013. , Sep; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2652-2655. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Xu, S.; Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics, , Wuhan 430074, China; email: xushuchina@gmail.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu2013489,
author={Wu, T. and Armand, M.A.},
title={The davey-MacKay coding scheme for channels with dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution errors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2013},
volume={49},
number={1},
pages={489-495},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2208120},
art_number={6237528},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871827102&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2208120&partnerID=40&md5=0b40544bdff5cca6bbac92e072dac971},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we propose a new channel model which introduces dependent insertion, deletion, and substitution (DIDS) errors. This channel model mimics the write channel found in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. It consists of a ternary Markov state channel and a two-state binary symmetric channel (BSC). The ternary Markov state channel produces data-dependent and paired insertion-deletion errors while the two-state BSC produces random substitution errors, as well as burst-like substitution errors in the vicinity of insertions and deletions. In addition, we modify the inner decoder of the Davey-MacKay (DM) coding scheme for the proposed channel model. For the case where there are no burst-like substitution errors, computer simulations show that our modified inner decoder (which takes into account the dependencies between synchronization errors) yields superior frame error rate (FER) performance compared to that when the symbol-level inner decoder by Briffa (which ignores the dependencies between synchronization errors) is used. As the (computational) complexity of our inner decoder increases with the length of the burst-like substitution errors, we further propose a reduced-complexity variant of our inner decoder to handle these errors. Computer simulations show that under iterative decoding, FERs below 10-5 can be achieved with the reduced-complexity variant and a code of rate 0.71, when the insertion/deletion rates are low (≤ 10-3) and the burst-like error lengths before and after a synchronization error are short (≤ 5). © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Davey-MacKay (DM) construction;  low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  synchronization error;  write channel},
keywords={Binary symmetric channel;  Bit-patterned media;  Channel model;  Coding scheme;  Frame error rate;  Insertions and deletions;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Markov state;  Random substitution;  Reduced-complexity;  Synchronization error;  Two-state;  write channel, Coding errors;  Computer simulation;  Forward error correction;  Iterative decoding;  Random errors, Channel coding},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Mercier, H., Bhargava, V.K., Tarokh, V., A survey of error-correcting codes for channels with symbol synchronization errors (2010) IEEE Commun. Surveys & Tutorials, 12 (1), pp. 87-96. , 1st quarter; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions, and substitutions (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , DOI 10.1109/18.910582, PII S0018944801007325; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), pp. 35-45. , Jan; Ng, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picketshift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Zhang, S., Cai, K., Lin-Yu, M., Zhang, J., Qin, Z., Teo, K.K., Wong, W.E., Ong, E.T., Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 2555-2558. , Oct; Briffa, J.A., Schaathun, H.G., Wesemeyer, S., An improved decoding algorithm for the Davey-MacKay construction (2010) Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 1-5. , Cape Town, South Africa, May; Jiao, X., Armand, M.A., Interleaved LDPC codes, reduced-complexity inner decoder and an iterative decoder for the Davey-MacKay construction (2011) Proc IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, St. Petersburg, pp. 747-751. , Russia, Jul./Aug; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn, 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Armand, M.A.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Singapore 117576, Singapore; email: eleama@nus.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2013189,
author={Hellwig, O. and Heyderman, L.J. and Petracic, O. and Zabel, H.},
title={Competing Interactions in Patterned and Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanostructures},
journal={Springer Tracts in Modern Physics},
year={2013},
volume={246},
pages={189-234},
doi={10.1007/978-3-642-32042-2_6},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103603486&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-32042-2_6&partnerID=40&md5=a6abdf6ff424d69ea22abef78b7c97aa},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, HGST, a Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA  95135, United States; Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland; Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Julich, 52425, Germany; Institut für Experimentalphysik/Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 44780, Germany},
abstract={In this chapter we describe the static properties of different nanomagnetic systems, which have one thread in common: they consist of arrays of structures each containing a macrospin or a magnetic dipole interacting with its neighbors. We start with a general overview on rectangular and circular islands, their domain structures and interactions. In the second part we discuss the competing interactions and geometric frustration of magnetic dipoles arranged on square and honeycomb lattices, a new field that has become known as artificial spin-ice. The third part covers a technologically very important aspect of densely packed magnetic nanostructures with perpendicular anisotropy for use in hard disk drives in the form of bit patterned media. Here the interaction with neighboring islands may increase or decrease the switching field of an individual target island in the patterned array. The fourth part discusses magnetic clusters, which are arranged by self-organization rather than by lithography, providing further possibilities for investigating magnetic ordering and phase transitions. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.},
author_keywords={Magnetic Island;  Micromagnetic Simulation;  Perpendicular Anisotropy;  Single Domain State;  Vortex State},
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correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, United States; email: Olav.Hellwig@HGST.com},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
issn={00813869},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Springer Tracts Mod. Phys.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2013,
author={Yang, X. and Xiao, S. and Hsu, Y. and Feldbaum, M. and Lee, K. and Kuo, D.},
title={Directed self-assembly of block copolymer for bit patterned media with areal density of 1.5 Teradot/Inch2 and beyond},
journal={Journal of Nanomaterials},
year={2013},
volume={2013},
doi={10.1155/2013/615896},
art_number={615896},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896115503&doi=10.1155%2f2013%2f615896&partnerID=40&md5=30462db05063636981b068c89336c36c},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) holds great promise for many applications in nanolithography, including the next generation magnetic recording. In this work, directed self-assembly of block copolymer technique has been combined with rotary stage electron beam mastering to fabricate a circular full track nanoimprint template for bit patterned media (BPM) fabrication. In order to meet specific requirements in pattern structure and format between the data and the servo zone in a servo-integrated template, three types of lithographically defined prepatterns, (1) two-dimensional chemical pre-pattern, (2) two-dimensional low-topographic pre-pattern, and (3) one-dimensional high-topographic pre-pattern, have been explored for DSA process with two types of commercially available BCP thin film materials: cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) and sphere-forming poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS). All guided BCP patterns exhibit highly ordered hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures with high pattern quality. Using these BCP patterns, two polarities of dots-array templates (hole-tone and pillar-tone) with integrated servo patterns have been fabricated on a fused silica substrate at a density greater than 1.0 Td/in 2. Furthermore, the fabricated master template has been used for UV-cure nanoimprint lithography process development on 2.5 inch disk size media. Good pattern uniformity in imprint resist has been achieved over an entire 2.4 mm wide band area. The imprint resist patterns have been further transferred into underlying CoCrPt media by ion beam etching. Evidently, for the first time, the patterned CoCrPt alloy dots (hcp pattern) have successfully been demonstrated at a high density of 1.5 Td/in2 (pitch = 22.3 nm) for a guided media (H c ≅ 7 kOe) and 3.2 Td/in2 (pitch = 15.2 nm) for an unguided media (H c ≅ 5 kOe). © 2013 XiaoMin Yang et al.},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Esters;  Fabrication;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photoresists;  Styrene;  Two dimensional, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Electron beam mastering;  Fused silica substrates;  Hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures;  Nanoimprint lithography process;  Poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane), Self assembly},
references={Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Service, R.F., Is the terabit within reach? (2006) Science, 314 (5807), pp. 1868-1870. , DOI 10.1126/science.314.5807.1868; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Schmid, G.M., Miller, M., Brooks, C., Khusnatdinov, N., Labrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Yang, X., Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 27 (2), pp. 573-580. , 2-s2.0-64549126998 10.1116/1.3081981; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Lee, K.Y., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D.K., Advanced lithography for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (2), pp. 833-838. , 2-s2.0-60449108075 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010647; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10-nm half-pitch lithography (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029. , DOI 10.1116/1.2801881; Peters, R.D., Yang, X.M., Wang, Q., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Combining advanced lithographic techniques and self-assembly of thin films of diblock copolymers to produce templates for nanofabrication (2000) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 18 (6), pp. 3530-3534. , DOI 10.1116/1.1313572; Segalman, R.A., Patterning with block copolymer thin films (2005) Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 48 (6), pp. 191-226. , DOI 10.1016/j.mser.2004.12.003, PII S0927796X05000021; Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., Block copolymers and conventional lithography (2006) Materials Today, 9 (9), pp. 20-29. , DOI 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71619-4, PII S1369702106716194; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Thomas, E.L., Templated self-assembly of block copolymers: Top-down helps bottom-up (2006) Advanced Materials, 18 (19), pp. 2505-2521. , DOI 10.1002/adma.200502651; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414. , DOI 10.1038/nature01775; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Materials Science: Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446. , DOI 10.1126/science.1111041; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Albrecht, T., De Pablo, J., Nealey, P., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (15), pp. 936-939. , 2-s2.0-49649099742 10.1126/science.1157626; Wan, L., Yang, X.M., Directed self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymers: Prepatterning effect on pattern quality and density multiplication factor (2009) Langmuir, 25 (21), pp. 12408-12413. , 10.1021/la901648y; Chen, J., Rettner, C., Sanders, D., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Advanced Materials, 20 (16), pp. 3155-3158. , 2-s2.0-52649100977 10.1002/adma.200800826; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., Directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer thin films on chemically-patterned substrates for defect-free nano-patterning (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9267-9276. , 2-s2.0-64549083174 10.1021/ma801542y; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T., A general approach to addressable 4 Td/in. Patterned media (2009) Advanced Materials, 21 (24), pp. 2516-2519. , 2-s2.0-67649271078 10.1002/adma.200802087; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (7), pp. 1844-1858. , 2-s2.0-68649126112 10.1021/nn900073r; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Lee, K., Hwu, J., Wago, K., Kuo, D., Directed self-assembly for high-density bit-patterned media fabrication using spherical block copolymers (2013) Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, 12 (3), pp. 31110-31117. , 10.1117/1.JMM.12.3.031110; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 Tdot/inch2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610. , 2-s2.0-57249104939 10.1116/1.2978487},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X.; Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
publisher={Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
issn={16874110},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanomater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao2013,
author={Xiao, S. and Yang, X. and Lee, K.Y. and Hwu, J.J. and Wago, K. and Kuo, D.},
title={Directed self-assembly for high-density bit-patterned media fabrication using spherical block copolymers},
journal={Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS},
year={2013},
volume={12},
number={3},
doi={10.1117/1.JMM.12.3.031110},
art_number={031110},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892725446&doi=10.1117%2f1.JMM.12.3.031110&partnerID=40&md5=3da8945ce0678afb6ee5eb93e35973cf},
affiliation={Media Research Center, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) fabrication sets a high bar for nanopatterning especially in the aspects of lithography resolution and pattern transfer. Directed self-assembly (DSA) of spherical block copolymers (BCPs) provides promising pattern resolution extendibility and pattern layout flexibility as long as proper pre-pattern designs are provided. Polystyrene-block- polydimethylsiloxane in the form of monolayered spheres is used as a vehicle to form either globally densely packed nanodot arrays in the data zone or locally densely packed nanodot arrays in the servo zone on a BPM template. Skew compatibility of spherical BCPs is also discussed. The BCP dot template is then applied as the scaffold for pattern transfer into quartz to make a nanoimprint mold and further into magnetic storage media. Distributions of both dot sizes and dot spacings are closely monitored after DSA pattern formation and pattern transfer. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.},
keywords={Automobile manufacture;  Block copolymers;  Magnetic storage;  Nanostructured materials;  Quartz;  Self assembly;  Silicones, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Directed self-assembly;  Lithography resolution;  Magnetic storage media;  Nanoimprint molds;  Pattern resolution;  Pattern transfers, Spheres},
references={Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Challener, W.A., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nat. Photon., 3 (4), pp. 220-224; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22), pp. 222512-222514; Herr, D.J.C., Update on the extensibility of optical patterning via directed self-assembly (2006) Future Fab. Intl., 20, pp. 82-86; Bang, J., Block copolymer nanolithography: Translation of molecular level control to nanoscale patterns (2009) Adv. Mater., 21 (47), pp. 4769-4792; Park, M., Harrison, C., Chaikin, P.M., Register, R.A., Adamson, D.H., Block copolymer lithography: Periodic arrays of ~1011 holes in 1 square centimeter (1997) Science, 276 (5317), pp. 1401-1404. , DOI 10.1126/science.276.5317.1401; Tang, C.B., Evolution of block copolymer lithography to highly ordered square arrays (2008) Science, 322 (5900), pp. 429-432; Park, S., Macroscopic 10-terrabit-per-square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order (2009) Science, 323 (5917), pp. 1030-1033; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414. , DOI 10.1038/nature01775; Cheng, J.Y., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20 (16), pp. 3155-3158; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Bita, I., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 939-943; Xiao, S., A novel approach to addressable 4 teradot/in2 patterned media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21 (24), pp. 2516-2519; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., Graphoepitaxy of spherical domain block copolymer films (2001) Advanced Materials, 13 (15), pp. 1152-1155. , DOI 10.1002/ 1521-4095 (200108) 13:15<1152::AID-ADMA1152>3.0.CO;2-5; Delgadillo, P.A.R., Implementation of a chemo-epitaxy flow for directed self-assembly on 300-mm wafer processing equipment (2012) J. Microlith. Microfab., 11 (3), p. 031302; Cheng, J.Y., Nanostructure engineering by templated selfassembly of block copolymers (2004) Nat. Mater., 3 (11), pp. 823-828; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Edwards, E.W., La, Y.-H., Nealey, P.F., Graphoepitaxy of cylinder-forming block copolymers for use as templates to pattern magnetic metal dot arrays (2005) Nanotechnology, 16 (7), pp. S324-S329. , DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/7/003, PII S0957448405941135; Gronheid, R., Frequency multiplication of lamellar phase block copolymers with grapho-epitaxy directed self-assembly sensitivity to prepattern (2012) J. Micro/Nanolithog. MEMS MOEMS, 11 (3), p. 031303; Kamata, Y., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 tb/in 2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54; Xiao, S., Aligned nanowires and nanodots by directed block copolymer assembly (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (30), pp. 305302-305309},
publisher={SPIE},
issn={19325150},
coden={JMMMG},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Micro/ Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arrayangkool20131490,
author={Arrayangkool, A. and Warisarn, C. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={A recorded-bit patterning scheme with accumulated weight decision for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2013},
volume={E96-C},
number={12},
pages={1490-1496},
doi={10.1587/transele.E96.C.1490},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891818995&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E96.C.1490&partnerID=40&md5=f75fbeddc506682f60c829f5fe3b2002},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Innovation (D STAR), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand},
abstract={To achieve high recording density in a bit-patterned media recording system, the spacing between data bit islands in both the alongtrack and the across-track directions must be decreased, thus leading to the increase of two-dimensional (2D) interference. One way to reduce the 2D interference is to apply a 2D coding scheme on a data sequence before recording; however, this method usually requires many redundant bits, thus lowering a code rate. Therefore, we propose a novel 2D coding scheme referred to as a recorded-bit patterning (RBP) scheme to mitigate the 2D interference, which requires no redundant bits at the expense of using more buffer memory. Specifically, an input data sequence is first split into three tracks in which will then be rotated to find the best 3-track data pattern based on a look-up table before recording, such that the shifted data tracks yield the least effect of 2D interference in the readback signal. Numerical results indicate that the proposed RBP scheme provides a significant performance improvement if compared to a conventional system (without 2D coding), especially when the recording density is high and/or the position jitter noise is large. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Position jitter noise;  Recordingbit patterning;  Two-dimensional equalization},
keywords={Interference suppression;  Jitter;  Table lookup, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Conventional systems;  Numerical results;  Position jitter;  Recording density;  Recordingbit patterning;  Two-dimensional equalization, Magnetic recording},
references={Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 35 (19), pp. R157-R167. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/35/19/201, PII S0022372702357693; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Kurihara, Y., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y., Koizumi, Y., Osawa, H., Ahmed, M.Z., Okamoto, Y., Constructive ITI-coded PRML system based on a two-track model for perpendicular magnetic recording (2008) J.Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, pp. 3140-3143; Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893137; Shao, X., Alink, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Slump, C.H., A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2559-2562. , Oct; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Koonkarnkhai, S., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., Iterative decoding for high-density bit-patterned media recording (2012) Procedia Engineering, 32, pp. 323-328; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , March},
correspondence_address1={Kovintavewat, P.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, , Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; email: piya@npru.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20131469,
author={Honda, N. and Honda, A.},
title={Deposition of inclined magnetic anisotropy film by oblique incidence collimated sputtering},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2013},
volume={E96-C},
number={12},
pages={1469-1473},
doi={10.1587/transele.E96.C.1469},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891769757&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E96.C.1469&partnerID=40&md5=08df56ccc15a0acd310c6b429ba760d1},
affiliation={Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendaishi, 982-8577, Japan},
abstract={Deposition of inclined anisotropy film for bit-patterned media was studied using an oblique incidence collimated sputtering. Pt underlayer increased the inclination angle of magnetic layer more than 5° on a Ta seed layer. Further increase of the angle was obtained by annealing Pt/Ru underlayer resulting an inclination angle of 9.4° for a Co-Cr15.5 film on the underlayer. The magnetic properties of the Co-Cr15.5 film with an inclined orientation was estimated comparing measured hysteresis loops with simulated ones, which indicated to have inclined magnetic anisotropy with an anisotropy field of about 4.5 kOe and a deflection angle of the anisotropy about the same as that of the crystalline orientation. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Inclined anisotropy;  Magnetic properties;  Oblique incidence collimated sputtering;  Patterned media},
keywords={Cobalt;  Deposition;  Magnetic properties, Anisotropy field;  Bit-patterned media;  Collimated sputtering;  Crystalline orientations;  Deflection angles;  Inclination angles;  Oblique incidence;  Patterned medias, Magnetic anisotropy},
references={Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., Mircomagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. and Magn. Mat., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in2 patterned media (2008) J. Magn. and Magn. Mat., 320, pp. 2195-2200; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in2 bit patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , Jan; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., High-density bit patterned media: Magnetic design and recording performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 6-p10. , Jan; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598. , Aug; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of highdensity bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Honda, N., Honda, A., Deposition of inclined orientation film using collimated sputtering (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2544-2547},
publisher={Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20131497,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Performance evaluation of non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system for BPM R/W channel with write-errors},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2013},
volume={E96-C},
number={12},
pages={1497-1503},
doi={10.1587/transele.E96.C.1497},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891764865&doi=10.1587%2ftransele.E96.C.1497&partnerID=40&md5=8e899199d6f767e8bf2dc7095d8e7136},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama-shi, 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai-shi, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Bit-patterned medium (BPM) is one of the promising approaches for ultra-high density magnetic recording systems. However, BPM requires precise write synchronization, and exhibits write-errors due to insufficient write field gradient, medium switching field distribution (SFD), demagnetization field from adjacent islands, and island position variation. In this paper, an iterative decoding system using a non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is considered for a BPMR/Wchannel with write-errors at an areal recording density of 2 Tbit/inch2 including the coding rate loss. The performance of the iterative decoding system using the non-binary LDPC code over the Galois field GF(28) is evaluated by computer simulation, and it is compared with the conventional iterative decoding system using a binary LDPC code. The results show that the non-binary LDPC system has a larger write margin than the binary LDPC system. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Iterative decoding;  Non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code;  Write-error},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Forward error correction;  Iterative decoding, Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned medium;  Demagnetization fields;  Magnetic recording systems;  Non-binary LDPC codes;  Nonbinary low-density paritycheck codes (LDPC);  Switching field distribution;  Write-error, Coding errors},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23560457},
references={White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sept; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Davey, M.C., Mackay, D., Low-density parity-check codes over GF(q) (1998) IEEE Commun. Lett, 2 (6), pp. 165-167. , June; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2011) Physics Procedia, 16, pp. 88-93; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97 (10), pp. 10P1081-10P1083. , May; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study on non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol, 14 (1), pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'98, pp. 2694-2699. , Melbourne, Australia; Koch Wolfgang, Baier Alfred, Optimum and sub-optimum detection of coded data disturbed by time-varying intersymbol interference (1990) IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition, 3, pp. 1679-1684. , GLOBECOM '90; Steendam, W.H., Moeneclaey, M., Log-domain decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q) (2004) IEEE Proc. Int. Conf. Communications 2004, pp. 772-776. , Paris, France; Tanner R.Michael, Recursive approach to low complexity codes (1981) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-27 (5), pp. 533-547; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Viterbi, A.J., Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm (1967) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-13 (2), pp. 260-269. , April},
publisher={Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Futamoto201359,
author={Futamoto, M.},
title={Development of thin film technology for high-density magnetic recording media},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2013},
volume={50},
number={10},
pages={59-67},
doi={10.1149/05010.0059ecst},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 12th International Symposium on Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices - PRiME 2012 ; Conference Date: 8 October 2012 Through 10 October 2012;  Conference Code:100228},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885721412&doi=10.1149%2f05010.0059ecst&partnerID=40&md5=dccc225f5ed3ea5912ca46fd8268dc19},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan},
abstract={The paper briefly reviews the development of thin film technology of longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording media. Based on experimental results on current high-end perpendicular media, future possibilities are discussed. Limitations associated with granular-type media are reduced by introducing a new-type media, bit patterned media (BPM) with which the thermal stability, the resolution, and the signal to noise ratio of recorded bit information can be more easily maintained. The shift from granular media to BPM will take place at any areal density ranging between 1 - 6 Tb/in2. When a magnetic material with very high Ku is applied to BPM, an areal density of more than 60 Tb/in2 seems feasible. © The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Signal to noise ratio;  Thin films, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Granular media;  High-density magnetic recording;  On currents;  Perpendicular magnetic recording media;  Perpendicular media;  Thin-film technology, Magnetism},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 25420294},
references={Futamoto, M., Handa, T., Takahashi, Y., (2008) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3488; Inaba, N., Yamamoto, T., Hosoe, Y., Futamoto, M., (1997) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 168, p. 222; Futamoto, M., Inaba, N., Hirayama, Y., Ito, K., Honda, Y., (1998) Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 517, p. 243; Futamoto, M., Inaba, N., Hirayama, Y., Ito, K., Honda, Y., (1999) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 193, p. 36; Lu, P.-L., Charap, S.H., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4230; Krishnan, K.M., Takeuchi, T., Hirayama, Y., Futamoto, M., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 5115; Futamoto, M., (2006) J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., 8, p. 1861; Futamoto, M., (2009) J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., 11, p. 1567; Futamoto, M., Handa, T., Takahashi, Y., (2010) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 200, p. 102001; Futamoto, M., Hagani, T., Ishihara, S., Soneta, K., Ohtake, M., (2012) Abs. IC-MAST-2012, p. 8. , May, Budapest; Ohtake, M., Soneta, K., Futamoto, M., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07E339; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Ishimaru, M., Futamoto, M., Inoue, A., (2012) J. Mag. Mag. Mater., 324, p. 1444; Futamoto, M., (2012) Proc. METI-RIMCOF Symp., p. 6. , Feb., Sendai},
correspondence_address1={Futamoto, M.; Faculty of Science and Engineering, , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan},
sponsors={Electrodeposition},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
address={Honolulu, HI},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781607683582},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Šoltýs2013474,
author={Šoltýs, J. and Gaži, S. and Fedor, J. and Tobik, J. and Precner, M. and Cambel, V.},
title={Magnetic nanostructures for non-volatile memories},
journal={Microelectronic Engineering},
year={2013},
volume={110},
pages={474-478},
doi={10.1016/j.mee.2013.04.031},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885186684&doi=10.1016%2fj.mee.2013.04.031&partnerID=40&md5=2307911948738d4f7a8faffe111222cb},
affiliation={Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia},
abstract={In this work we present two fabrication approaches for patterning submicron Pacman-like (PL) magnetic nanoelements, the additive and subtractive process. Within the first process, PL structures are revealed using a standard lift-off technique. The second one is based on argon ion milling through titanium mask patterns. In the PL magnet the missing sector itself represents a dipole, which together with the external field, controls the chirality of the nucleated vortex. In order to determine the chirality of the vortex ground state, an array of PL nanomagnets of the diameter 200 nm prepared by the subtractive process, is mapped by the magnetic force microscopy. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results achieved by the micromagnetic simulations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Domain structure;  Electron beam lithography;  Fabrication of magnetic nanostructures;  Micromagnetism;  Vortex chirality},
keywords={Chirality;  Data storage equipment;  Electron beam lithography;  Ground state;  Masks;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Vortex flow, Bit-patterned media;  Domain structure;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Micro magnetisms;  Vortex chirality, Magnetism},
references={Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1, p. 29; Lau, J.W., Shaw, J.M., (2011) J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 44, p. 303001; Cambel, V., Karapetrov, G., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 014424; Vavassori, P., Zaluzec, N., Metlushko, V., Novosad, V., Ilic, B., Grimsditch, M., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 214404; Jaafar, M., Yanes, R., Lara De D.Perez, Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Asenjo, A., Gonzalez, E.M., Anguita, J.V., Vicent, J.L., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81, p. 054439; Fischer, P., Im, M., Kasai, S., Yamada, K., Ono, T., Thiaville, A., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 83, p. 212402; Schneider, M., Hoffmann, H., Otto, S., Haug, Th., Zweck, J., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92 (3), p. 1466; Demidov, V.E., Ulrichs, H., Urazhdin, S., Demokritov, S.O., Bessonov, V., Gieniusz, R., Maziewski, A., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 012505; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3639; Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Chou, S.Y., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3639; Ross, C.A., Hwang, M., Shima, M., Cheng, J.Y., Farhoud, M., Savas, T.A., Smith, H.I., Humphrey, F.B., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 144417; Ferre, R., Ounadjela, K., George, J.M., Piraux, L., Dubois, S., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56, p. 14066; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, , Technical Report No. NISTIR, 6376, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Tobik, J., Cambel, V., Karapetrov, G., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 86, p. 134433},
correspondence_address1={Šoltýs, J.; Institute of Electrical Engineering, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; email: jan.soltys@savba.sk},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={01679317},
coden={MIENE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microelectron Eng},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Arnold2013235,
author={Arnold, M.G.},
title={Improved DNA-sticker arithmetic: Tube-encoded-carry, Logarithmic Number System and Monte-Carlo methods},
journal={Natural Computing},
year={2013},
volume={12},
number={2},
pages={235-246},
doi={10.1007/s11047-012-9356-3},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878545498&doi=10.1007%2fs11047-012-9356-3&partnerID=40&md5=59b5c0dd5faae0b605bec21e0947cf0a},
affiliation={not available, PO Box 605, Laramie, WY 82070, United States},
abstract={The sticker model of computation, implemented using robotic processing of DNA, manipulates in parallel many bitstrings, called strands, that are contained in a limited number of tubes. Prior sticker arithmetic algorithms, patterned on digital-electronics, generate carry bits in the strand, either wasting bits or using a clear operation (with problematic biochemical implementation). The novel addition algorithm here does not need to record the carry. Instead, which tube holds a particular strand implicitly encodes the carry. The speed and number of tubes are half that of prior approaches. Further encoding data in the Logarithmic Number System (LNS) allows such integer operations to perform cost-effective real multiplications, divisions and roots. An example LNS Euclidian norm is more efficient than prior methods, assuming perfect operations. Unfortunately, DNA-stickers are unreliable. This paper uses sticker unreliability as a source of randomness to implement Monte-Carlo (MC) arithmetic (previously fabricated in silicon at the cost of pseudo-random generators). With stickers, the randomness is free. MC engineering mimics natural systems using unreliable but redundant components. Here, MC randomness is only useful in low-order bits. Multiple re-testing of the same bit ("refinement") trades improved reliability for slower operation using more tubes. Simulations (with different sizes, probabilities and refinement) show that increasing refinement as a function of bit position allows imperfect implementations to achieve suitable MC strand-error distributions, predicting 1000x speed-mass advantage of sticker-MCLNS over conventional supercomputers. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},
author_keywords={Addition;  DNA arithmetic;  Logarithmic Number System (LNS);  Monte-Carlo Arithmetic;  Sticker system},
keywords={Cost effectiveness;  DNA;  Encoding (symbols);  Number theory;  Numbering systems;  Probability distributions;  Random processes;  Supercomputers;  Tubes (components), Addition;  Addition algorithms;  Arithmetic algorithms;  Digital electronics;  Logarithmic number system;  Monte Carlo arithmetic;  Pseudorandom generators;  Sticker systems, Monte Carlo methods, algorithm;  analytical error;  arithmetic;  computer simulation;  conference paper;  DNA sticker arithmetic;  logarithmic number system;  mathematical analysis;  molecular biology;  Monte Carlo method;  probability;  randomization;  reliability;  robotics;  tube encoded carry algorithm, Euclidia},
references={Adleman, L.M., Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems (1994) Science, 266, pp. 1021-1024. , 10.1126/science.7973651; Arnold, M.G., LPVIP: A low-power, ROM-less ALU for low-precision LNS (2004) 14th Power, Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation PATMOS 2004. LNCS. Vol 3254, pp. 675-684. , E. Marci V. Paliouras O. Koufopavlou (eds) Springer Heidelberg; Arnold, M.G., (2012) JavaScript and CUDA DNA Sticker Simulators; Arnold, M.G., Vouzis, P., A serial Logarithmic Number System ALU (2007) 2007 EuroMicro DSD, pp. 151-154. , H. Kubatova (eds) IEEE Press New York; Arnold, M.G., An improved DNA-sticker addition algorithm and its application to logarithmic arithmetic (2011) DNA Computing and Molecular Programming 17, 6937, pp. 34-48. , Cardelli L, Shih W (eds) Pasadena, LNCS; Barua, R., Binary arithmetic for DNA computer (2002) DNA Comp, 8, pp. 124-132; Carroll, S., A complete programming environment for DNA computation (2002) Workshop Non-silicon Comp, NSC-1, pp. 46-53; Chang, W.L., Guo, M., Fast parallel molecular algorithms for DNA-based computation: Factoring integers (2005) IEEE Trans Nanobiosci, 4, pp. 149-163. , 10.1109/TNB.2005.850474; Chakrabarthy, K., Design tools for digital microfluidic biochips (2010) IEEE Trans Comp Aid des, 29, pp. 1001-1017. , 10.1109/TCAD.2010.2049153; Chen, K., Winfree, E., Error correction in DNA computing: Misclassification and strand loss (2000) DNA-based Computing, 5, pp. 49-63; Cho, J.H., Reconfigurable multi-component sensors built from MEMS payloads carried by micro-robots (2010) Sensor Application Symposium, pp. 15-19; De Santis, F., A DNA arithmetic logic unit (2004) WSEAS Trans Biomed, 1, pp. 436-440; Guarnieri, F., Fliss, M., Bancroft, C., Making DNA add (1996) Science, 273, pp. 220-223. , 10.1126/science.273.5272.220; Guarnieri, F., Bancroft, C., Use of a horizontal chain reaction for DNA-based addition (1999) DIMACS, 44, pp. 105-111; Guo, P., Zhang, H., DNA implementation of arithmetic operations (2009) 2009 International Conference on Natural Computation, pp. 153-159; Ignatova, Z., Martinez-Perez, I., Zimmermann, K., (2008) DNA Computing Models, , Springer, New York (section 5.3); Karp, R.M., Error-resilient DNA computation (1996) DIMACS, 7, pp. 458-467; Kogge, P., Next-generation supercomputers (2011) IEEE Spectr, 48 (2), pp. 48-54. , 10.1109/MSPEC.2011.5693074; Labean, T.H., Winfree, E., Reif, J.H., Experimental progress in computation by self-assembly of DNA tilings (1999) DNA Based Computers, pp. 123-140; Makino, J., Taiji, M., (1998) Scientific Simulations with Special-purpose Computers - The GRAPE Systems, , Wiley Chichester 0899.68123; Martinez-Perez, I., Bioinspired parallel algorithms for maximum clique problems on FPGA architectures (2010) J Signal Process Syst, 58, pp. 117-124. , 10.1007/s11265-008-0322-3; Mitchell, J.N., Computer multiplication and division using binary logarithms (1962) IEEE Trans Electron Comput, 11, pp. 512-517. , 10.1109/TEC.1962.5219391; Parker, S., Pierce, B., Eggert, P.R., Monte Carlo arithmetic: How to gamble with floating point and win (2000) Comput Sci Eng, 2 (4), pp. 58-68. , 10.1109/5992.852391; Qian, L., Winfree, E., A simple DNA gate motif for synthesizing large-scale circuits (2011) J R Soc Interface, , doi: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0729; Roweis, S., A sticker-based model for DNA computation (1996) J Comput Biol, 5, pp. 615-629. , 10.1089/cmb.1998.5.615; Roweis, S., Winfree, E., On reduction of errors in DNA computation (1999) J Comput Biol, 6, pp. 65-75. , 10.1089/cmb.1999.6.65; Swartzlander, E.E., Alexopoulos, A.G., The sign/logarithm number system (1975) IEEE Trans Comput, 100, pp. 1238-1242. , 383822 10.1109/T-C.1975.224172; Winfree, E., private communication; Vouzis, P., Monte Carlo Logarithmic Number System for model predictive control (2007) Field Programmable Logic and Applications, pp. 453-458. , Amsterdam; Xu, J., Dong, Y., Wei, X., Sticker DNA computer model - Part I: Theory (2004) Chin Sci Bull, 49, pp. 772-780. , 2078729 1104.68510; (2012) DNA Sticker Simulators, , http://www.xlnsresearch.com/sticker.htm, JavaScript, CUDA; Yang, X.Q., Liu, Z., DNA algorithm of parallel multiplication based on sticker model (2007) Comput Eng Appl, 43 (16), pp. 87-89; Yurke, B., DNA implementation of addition in which the input strands are separate from the operator strands (1999) Biosystem, 52, pp. 165-174. , 10.1016/S0303-2647(99)00043-X},
correspondence_address1={Arnold, M.G.; not available, PO Box 605, Laramie, WY 82070, United States; email: markgarnold@xlnsresearch.com},
publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers},
issn={15677818},
coden={NCAOA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Comput.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Suzuki2013,
author={Suzuki, M. and Kawamura, N. and Mizumaki, M. and Terada, Y. and Uruga, T. and Fujiwara, A. and Yamazaki, H. and Yumoto, H. and Koyama, T. and Senba, Y. and Takeuchi, T. and Ohashi, H. and Nariyama, N. and Takeshita, K. and Kimura, H. and Matsushita, T. and Furukawa, Y. and Ohata, T. and Kondo, Y. and Ariake, J. and Richter, J. and Fons, P. and Sekizawa, O. and Ishiguro, N. and Tada, M. and Goto, S. and Yamamoto, M. and Takata, M. and Ishikawa, T.},
title={A hard X-ray nanospectroscopy station at SPring-8 BL39XU},
journal={Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
year={2013},
volume={430},
number={1},
doi={10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012017},
art_number={012017},
note={cited By 25; Conference of 15th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure, XAFS 2012 ; Conference Date: 22 July 2012 Through 28 July 2012;  Conference Code:96828},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877357311&doi=10.1088%2f1742-6596%2f430%2f1%2f012017&partnerID=40&md5=f6853c2274ab6f596400c247db3b7325},
affiliation={JASRI/SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan; Akita Industrial Technology Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan; AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan},
abstract={We upgraded the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline BL39XU at SPring-8 by installing Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors to equip it with submicron-focusing capability. At the new experimental end-station located 74 m from the undulator source, an X-ray nanoprobe with a size of 120 x 100 nm2 has become available at 5-16 keV. This upgrade is fully compatible with the X-ray polarization tunability and helicity-switching between right- and left-circular polarizations; these are unique features of the beamline, which is equipped with a diamond X-ray phase retarder. A spatial resolution of ≈100 nm for X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy has been achieved. We show a magnetization reversal process of an individual magnetic dot in bit-patterned perpendicular recording media using element-specific XMCD magnetization measurements to demonstrate the performance of the new station.},
keywords={Atomic physics;  Circular dichroism spectroscopy;  Dichroism;  Magnetization;  Polarization;  X ray absorption;  X ray spectroscopy, Hard X-ray spectroscopy;  Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror;  Magnetization measurements;  Magnetization reversal process;  Patterned perpendicular recording media;  X ray absorption fine structures;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism;  X-ray polarizations, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23360016},
references={Tada, M., Ishiguro, N., Uruga, T., Tanida, H., Terada, Y., Nagamatsu, S., Iwasawa, Y., Ohkoshi, S., (2011) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, p. 14910; Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., (2011) Physics Procedia, 16, p. 48; Kawamura, N., Ishimatsu, N., Maruyama, H., (2009) J.Synchrotron Rad., 16, p. 730; Koyama, T., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 8139, pp. 81390I; Suzuki, M., Takagaki, M., Kondo, Y., Kawamura, N., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Mimura, H., Ishikawa, T., (2007) AIP Conf. Proc., 879, p. 1699; Kondo, Y., Suzuki, M., Ariake, J., (2012) International Conference of the Asian Union of Magnetics Society (ICAUMS2012), Oct 2-5, 2012, Nara},
sponsors={China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Science; Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; University of Science and Technology of China},
publisher={Institute of Physics Publishing},
address={Beijing},
issn={17426588},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Phys. Conf. Ser.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shi2013228,
author={Shi, Y. and Nutter, P.W. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Performance evaluation of bit patterned media channels with island size variations},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Communications},
year={2013},
volume={61},
number={1},
pages={228-236},
doi={10.1109/TCOMM.2012.101812.120193},
art_number={6341774},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873706402&doi=10.1109%2fTCOMM.2012.101812.120193&partnerID=40&md5=d24efc23b5c5d680c56736526768f724},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Bit Patterned Media (BPM) are a possible technology for use in future hard disk drives where a single nanoscale island is used to store each bit of information. However, the imperfect island fabrication process results in unavoidable variations in the geometry of the islands, which introduces deterministic changes in the replay signal and leads to errors in the conventional Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. If the detector can be extended to include estimates of island size, then detector decisions can be improved and error rates reduced. A read channel is proposed that reduces the impact of island size variations by modifying the detector trellis to include two extra branches per state transition to improve the data error rate at the output of the detector. An analytical model of the modified read channel is developed that is capable of rapidly estimating the bit-error-rate (BER) performance so that the modified read channel trellis parameters can be optimized to maximize the BER improvement offered by the proposed detector. In order to verify the performance of the analytical model its output is compared with that produced from a numerical model, which takes full account of multi-bit inter-symbol interference. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  Bit-error-rate;  error event;  Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Ber improvements;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Data errors;  Error events;  Error rate;  Fabrication process;  Hard Disk Drive;  Island size;  Maximum likelihood detectors;  Multi-bits;  Nanoscale islands;  Performance evaluation;  Read channels;  State transitions, Analytical models;  Digital storage;  Models;  Viterbi algorithm, Detectors},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
references={White, R.L., Physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording (2000) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 209 (1-3), pp. 1-5. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00632-0; Wood Roger, Feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 36-42; Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40 (9), pp. R149-R177. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/9/R01, PII S0022372707290928, R01; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3816-3822; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91, pp. 6845-6847; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) Proceedings of the IEEE, 85 (4), pp. 652-671; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321, pp. 526-530; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Gao, K., Heinonen, O., Veerdonk De Van, R.J., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Magn. Conf; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Wood, R.W., Takano, H., Prospects for magnetic recording over the next 10 years Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Magn. Conf; Thomson, T., Abelmann, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Magnetic data storage: Past, present and future (2007) Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, pp. 237-306. , B. Azzerboni, G. Asti, L. Pareti, and M. Ghidini, editors. Springer Verlag; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 321, pp. 512-517; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3797-3800; Shi, Y., Nutter, P.W., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Error events due to island size variations in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 1755-1758; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording - Advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 449-458. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.075, PII S0304885304011539; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., An analytical approach for performance evaluation of bit-patterned media channels (2010) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 28, pp. 135-142; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 3551-3558; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Altekar, S.A., Berggren, M., Moision, B.E., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Error-event characterization on partial-response channels (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45, pp. 241-247; Cideciyan, R.D., Eleftheriou, E., Tomasin, S., Performance analysis of magnetic recording systems Proc. 2001 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun; Jr. G. Forney, Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 18, pp. 363-378; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31, pp. 1083-1088; Runsheng, H., Nazari, N., An analytical approach for performance evaluation of partial response systems in the presence of signaldependent medium noise Proc. 1999 Global Telecomm. Conf; Sawaguchi, H., Nishida, Y., Takano, H., Aoi, H., Performance analysis of modified PRML channels for perpendicular recording systems (2001) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 235 (1-3), pp. 265-272. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00357-2, PII S0304885301003572; Seungjune, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Error event analysis of partial response targets for perpendicular magnetic recording Proc. 2007 Global Telecomm. Conf; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1998) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Academic Press; Caroselli, J., Wolf, J.K., Error event characterization of partial response systems in magnetic recording systems with medium noise Proc. 1998 Global Telecomm. Conf; Luderman, L.C., (2003) Random Processes Filtering Estimation and Detection, , John Wiley and Sons},
correspondence_address1={Shi, Y.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
issn={00906778},
coden={IECMB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Commun},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2013217,
author={Li, H. and Wei, D. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Micromagnetic study of effect of tip-coating microstructure on the resolution of magnetic force microscopy},
journal={Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing},
year={2013},
volume={110},
number={1},
pages={217-225},
doi={10.1007/s00339-012-7117-x},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872292241&doi=10.1007%2fs00339-012-7117-x&partnerID=40&md5=efb39946eb20b7bd0556d29813aaa6c1},
affiliation={Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Data Storage Institute, A STAR, DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The properties of a magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tip are very important for high-resolution magnetic imaging. In this work, micromagnetic models of tips are set up to study the effect of tip-coating microstructure, especially the randomness of anisotropy on tip edge and tip end, on the resolution of MFM. The effective coating height and the resolution potential of tips with various microstructures and magnetic properties have been characterized by investigating the obtained signals from high-density continuous granular thin film disk media with a bit size of 8×16 nm2 and bit-patterned media with a pattern period p of 50 nm. The magnetic moment distribution at the tip end should be perpendicular to the sample to realize a 'magnetically sharp' tip, which explains further the improved resolution in the recent experimental reports. Tips with well-controlled grain structure and magnetic anisotropy of coating materials can be applied to both high-density thin film disk media and bit-patterned media. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.},
keywords={Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Coating material;  Granular thin films;  High resolution;  Magnetic force microscopy tips;  Magnetic imaging;  Micromagnetic models;  Micromagnetic study;  Moment distribution;  Pattern period;  Thin-film disks;  Tip edge, Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic moments;  Magnetic properties;  Microstructure;  Thin films, Coatings},
funding_details={National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 51071088},
funding_text 1={The authors are thankful for the support of NSFC 51071088.},
references={Martin, Y., Wickramasinghe, H.K., (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett., 50, p. 1455. , 10.1063/1.97800 1987ApPhL.50.1455M; Wright, C.D., Hill, E.W., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 433. , 10.1063/1.114623 1995ApPhL.67.433W; Porthun, S., Abelmann, L., Lodder, C., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 182, p. 238. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)01010-X 1998JMMM.182.238P; Candocia, F.M., Svedberg, E.B., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2004) Nanotechnology, 15. , s575 10.1088/0957-4484/15/10/014 2004Nanot.15S.575C; Grutter, P., Rugar, D., Mamin, H.J., Castillo, G., Lambert, S.E., Lin, C.-J., Valetta, R.M., Greschner, J., (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., 57, p. 1820. , 10.1063/1.104030 1990ApPhL.57.1820G; Fischer, P.B., Wei, M.S., Chou, S.Y., (1993) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 11, p. 2570. , 10.1116/1.586626; Gao, L., Yue, L.P., Yokota, T., Skomski, R., Liou, S.H., Takahoshi, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2194. , 10.1109/TMAG.2004.829173 2004ITM.40.2194G; Kuramochi, H., Uzumaki, T., Yasutake, M., Tanaka, A., Akinaga, H., Yokoyama, H., (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, p. 24. , 10.1088/0957-4484/16/1/006 2005Nanot.16.24K; Huang, H.S., Lin, M.W., Sun, Y.C., Lin, L.J., (2007) Scr. Mater., 56, p. 365. , 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.11.014; Amos, N., Ikkawi, R., Haddon, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93. , 203116 10.1063/1.3036533 2008ApPhL.93t3116A; Amos, N., Lavrenov, A., Fernandez, R., Ikkawi, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105. , 07D526 10.1063/1.3068625; Piramanayagam, S.N., Ranjbar, M., Tan, E.L., Tan, H.K., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109. , 07E326 10.1063/1.3551733; Ohtake, M., Soneta, K., Futamoto, M., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111. , 07E339 10.1063/1.3678298; Li, H., Wei, D., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111. , 07E309 10.1063/1.3671785; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144 1997ITM.33.990W; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725. , 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763 2002ITM.38.1725R; Yang, J., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H., Leong, S., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22. , 385301 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102. , 011301 10.1063/1.2750414 2007JAP.102a1301P; Wei, D., Wang, S., Ding, Z., Gao, K., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3035. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024950 2009ITM.45.3035W; Schönenberger, C., Alvarado, S.F., (1990) Z. Phys. B, Condens. Matter, 80, p. 373. , 10.1007/BF01323519},
correspondence_address1={Wei, D.; Laboratory of Advanced Materials, , Beijing 100084, China; email: weidan@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn},
issn={09478396},
coden={APAMF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys A},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akagi2013,
author={Akagi, F. and Ushiyama, J. and Miyamoto, H. and Mita, S.},
title={Read-head conditions for obtaining areal recording density of 5.8 Tbit/in.2 on a bit-patterned medium},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2013},
volume={52},
number={1},
doi={10.7567/JJAP.52.013002},
art_number={013002},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872284211&doi=10.7567%2fJJAP.52.013002&partnerID=40&md5=60c539fd12ed8c6467919c7db8e8438b},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan},
abstract={The optimum magneto-resistive read-head (MR head) conditions, namely, read track width (TWR) and shield gap (Gs), with a bit-patterned medium (BPM) for areal recording density of 5.8 Tbit/in.2 were determined by analytical calculation. Signal-to-noise ratio at a linear recording density of 1124 kfci (SNR1124kfci) and crosstalk were calculated in consideration of head noise, and optimum TWR and Gs were obtained from the calculation results. The effect of intertrack interference cancellation (ITIC) was investigated by using a signal-processing simulator. The investigation shows that intertrack interference cancellation decreases bit error rate. Moreover, to obtain bit error rate of 10-3 and SNR 1124kfci of 14 dB, TWR can be increased to about two times track pitch for Gs of 15 nm. For obtaining SNR1124kfci of 14 dB, TWR should be 15nm at σ=Dave of 5% or TWR should be 11nm at σ=Dave of 10%. These results demonstrate that ITIC effectively decreases bit error rate and thus contributes to attaining areal recording density of 5.8 Tbit/in.2. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Analytical calculation;  Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned medium;  Inter-track interferences;  MR heads;  Recording density;  Track pitch;  Track width, Bit error rate;  Signal processing, Signal to noise ratio},
references={White, R.L., (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 209, p. 1; Wang, X., Valcu, B., Yeh, N.-H., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 202508; Wang, X., Bertram, N.H., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 7005; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38, p. 1839; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 119; Akagi, F., Igarashi, M., Nakamura, A., Mochizuki, M., Saga, H., Matsumoto, T., Ishikawa, K., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43, p. 7483; Akagi, F., Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09H501; Akagi, F., Matsumoto, T., Igarashi, M., (2009) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 33, p. 38; Matsumoto, T., Shimano, T., Saga, H., Sukeda, H., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 3901; Matsumoto, T., Akagi, F., Mochizuki, M., Miyamoto, H., Stipe, B., (2012) Opt. Express, 20, p. 18946; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nat. Mater., 2, p. 524; John Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B706; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Miyamoto, H., Shiroishi, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2507; Nozaki, Y., Tateishi, K., Matsuyama, K., (2009) Appl. Phys. Express, 2, p. 033002; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3685; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Ouchi, K., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 11; Zhang, S., Chai, K., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1363; Yang, X.-M., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 833; Akagi, F., Mukoh, M., Mochizuki, M., Ushiyama, J., Matsumoto, T., Miyamoto, H., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 309; Ibusuki, T., Kataoka, K., Wagatsuma, T., Hatatani, M., Hoshiya, H., (2011) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 35, p. 43. , [in Japanese]; Akimoto, H., Kanai, H., Uehara, Y., Ishizuka, T., Kameyama, S., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N705; Masuko, J., Matsubara, M., Komagaki, K., Kanai, H., Uehara, Y., Sato, T., (2009) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 33, p. 72. , [in Japanese]; Suzuki, Y., Ishikawa, C., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1513; Suzuki, Y., Nishida, Y., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1337; Mita, S., (2009) IEICE. Tech. Rep., MR2009-42, p. 35. , [in Japanese]; Mita, S., Van, V.T., Haga, F., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 3316},
correspondence_address1={Akagi, F.; Central Research Laboratory, , Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dobrotǎ20124676,
author={Dobrotǎ, C.-I. and Stancu, A.},
title={PKP simulation of size effect on interaction field distribution in highly ordered ferromagnetic nanowire arrays},
journal={Physica B: Condensed Matter},
year={2012},
volume={407},
number={24},
pages={4676-4685},
doi={10.1016/j.physb.2012.08.041},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868343882&doi=10.1016%2fj.physb.2012.08.041&partnerID=40&md5=e318b4285935a8e9e71e9037f071e8c0},
affiliation={Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506, Romania},
abstract={Perpendicular structured nanowire arrays interaction field distributions (IFDs), as revealed from first-order reversal curves (FORC) diagrams, are related to the presence of the demagnetizing field in the system. Despite the similarity between the geometric properties of bit patterned media and mentioned nanowire arrays, FORC diagrams of these two types of systems are not similar essentially due to the different number of magnetic entities influencing the switch of an individual element. We show that one Preisach-Krasnosel'skii- Pokrovskii (PKP) symmetrical hysteron can be representative of an ideal infinite nanowire array when the field is applied along the wires. Starting from this observation, we present a very simple model based on PKP symmetrical hysterons that can be applied to real finite ferromagnetic nanowire arrays, and is able to describe a wide class of experimentally observed FORC distributions, revealing features due to size effects. We also present IFDs modeled for different geometric characteristics such as array size, interwire distance, and nanowire dimensions, and an identification procedure for the proposed model. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={FORC diagram method;  Local interaction mean field;  Magnetic nanowires},
keywords={Array sizes;  Bit-patterned media;  Demagnetizing field;  Ferromagnetic nanowire arrays;  First-order reversal curves;  FORC diagrams;  Geometric characteristics;  Geometric properties;  Hysterons;  Identification procedure;  Inter-wire distances;  Interaction field distributions;  Magnetic nanowires;  Mean field;  Model-based OPC;  Nanowire arrays;  Size effects, Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism, Nanowires},
funding_details={POSDRU/88/1.5/S/47646},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by the European Social Fund in Romania , under the responsibility of the Managing Authority for the Sectorial Operational Program for Human Resources Development 2007–2013 (Grant POSDRU/88/1.5/S/47646 ). The authors also acknowledge the support given by Romanian CNCS-UEFISCDI Project IDEI-EXOTIC no. 185/25.10.2011 .},
references={Nielsch, K., Wehrspohn, R.B., Barthel, J., Kirschner, J., Gösele, U., Fischer, S.F., Kronmüller, H., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1360; McGary, P.D., Tan, L., Zou, J., Stadler, B.J.H., Downey, P.R., Flatau, A.B., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08B310; Ye, B., Li, F., Cimpoesu, D., Wiley, J.B., Jung, J.S., Stancu, A., Spinu, L., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 316, p. 56; Sellmyer, D.J., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter., 13, p. 433; Vázquez, M., Nielsch, K., Vargas, P., Velázquez, J., Navas, D., Pirota, K., Hernández-Vélez, M., Gösele, U., (2004) Physica B, 343, p. 395; Vázquez, M., Pirota, K., Hernández-Vélez, M., Prida, V.M., Navas, D., Sanz, R., Batallán, F., Velázquez, J., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6642; Rani, V.S., Anandakumar, S., Kim, K.W., Yoon, S.S., Jeong, J.R., Kim, C., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 2475; Clime, L., Ciureanu, P., Yelon, A., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 297, p. 60; Strijkers, G.J., Dalderop, J.H.J., Broeksteeg, M.A.A., Swagten, H.J.M., De Jonge, W.J.M., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 5141; Dumitru, I., Li, F., Wiley, J.B., Cimpoesu, D., Stancu, A., Spinu, L., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3361; Stancu, A., Bissell, P.R., Chantrell, R.W., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 8645; Basso, V., Lo Bue, M., Bertotti, G., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 5677; Mayergoyz, I.D., (2003) Mathematical Models of Hysteresis and Their Applications, , Elsevier Amsterdam/Boston; Mayergoyz, I.D., (1986) IEEE Trans. Magn., 22, p. 603; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6660; Bodale, I., Stoleriu, L., Stancu, A., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 192; Vajda, F., Della Torre, E., McMichael, R.D., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 5689; Della Torre, E., (1965) J. Appl. Phys., 36, p. 518; Stancu, A., Pike, C., Stoleriu, L., Postolache, P., Cimpoesu, D., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6620; Stancu, A., Andrei, P., (2006) Physica B, 372, p. 72; Spinu, L., Stancu, A., Radu, C., Li, F., Wiley, J.B., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2116; Béron, F., Clime, L., Ciureanu, M., Ménard, D., Cochrane, R.W., Yelon, A., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 3060; Lavin, R., Denardin, J.C., Escrig, J., Altbir, D., Cortes, A., Gomez, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 2808; Peixoto, T.R.F., Cornejo, D.R., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 279; Rotaru, A., Lim, J.H., Lenormand, D., Diaconu, A., Wiley, J.B., Postolache, P., Stancu, A., Spinu, L., (2011) Phys. Rev. B, 84, p. 134431; Béron, F., Carignan, L.P., Ménard, D., Yelon, A., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 2745; Preisach, F., (1935) Z. Phys., 94, p. 277; Krasnosel'Skii, M.A., Pokrovskii, A.V., (1989) Systems with Hysteresis, , Springer-Verlag New York; Visintin, A., (1994) Differential Models of Hysteresis, , Springer-Verlag New York; Brokate, M., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn., 25, p. 2922; Bobbio, S., Miano, G., Serpico, C., Visone, C., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 4417; Matsuo, T., Shimasaki, M., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 1548; Mielke, A., (2012) Physica B, 407, p. 1330; Pike, C.R., Ross, C.A., Scalettar, R.T., Zimanyi, G., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 134407; Tanasa, R., Enachescu, C., Stancu, A., Linares, J., Varret, F., (2004) Physica B, 343, p. 314; Iyer, R.V., Tan, X., (2009) IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 29, p. 83},
correspondence_address1={Stancu, A.; Faculty of Physics, , 700506, Romania; email: alstancu@uaic.ro},
issn={09214526},
coden={PHYBE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys B Condens Matter},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nakamura20123214,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Write-margin improvement of non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel with write-errors},
journal={GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference},
year={2012},
pages={3214-3218},
doi={10.1109/GLOCOM.2012.6503609},
art_number={6503609},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2012 ; Conference Date: 3 December 2012 Through 7 December 2012;  Conference Code:96872},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877642063&doi=10.1109%2fGLOCOM.2012.6503609&partnerID=40&md5=a954da220932e73481c5845ce345be67},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={The write-margin of the iterative decoding systems for the binary and non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are studied in the magnetic recording system using a bit-patterned medium (BPM) R/W channel with write-errors caused by the write-head field gradient, the media switching field distribution (SFD), the magnetization fields from adjacent islands, and the island position deviation. The performances of iterative decoding systems using the binary and non-binary LDPC codes are evaluated by computer simulation at an areal recording density of 2 Tb/inch2. The results show that the non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system improves the write-margin compared with the binary LDPC system. Furthermore it is clarified that in order to obtain the sufficient write-margin, it is important to suppress the influence of the demagnetization fields from adjacent islands. © 2012 IEEE.},
keywords={Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned medium;  Demagnetization fields;  Magnetic recording systems;  Non-binary ldpc;  Non-binary LDPC codes;  Nonbinary low-density paritycheck codes (LDPC);  Switching field distribution, Communication;  Computer simulation;  Forward error correction;  Iterative decoding, Coding errors},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D., Low-density parity-check codes over GF(q) (1998) IEEE Commun. Letters, 2 (6), pp. 165-167. , June; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sept; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-2429. , Nov; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2010) Digest of the PMRC 2010, , 18aE-9, Sendai, Japan; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study on nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Turbo equalization effect for non-binary LDPC code in BPM R/W channel (2012) Digest of Intermag 2012, TH-09, , Vancouver, Canada; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 14 (1), pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'98, pp. 2694-2699. , Melbourne, Australia; Koch, W., Baier, A., Optimum and sub-optimum detection of coded data disturbed by time-varying intersymbol interference (1990) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'90, pp. 1679-1684. , San Diego, U.S.A; Wymeersch, H., Steendam, H., Moeneclaey, M., Log-domain decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q) (2004) IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 772-776. , June; Kschischang, F.R., Frey, B.J., Loeliger, H.A., Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 49 (2), pp. 498-519. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan},
address={Anaheim, CA},
isbn={9781467309219},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={GLOBECOM IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Phakphisut2012125,
author={Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Mixed-scheduling belief propagation for LDPC decoders in the magnetic recording systems},
journal={2012 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2012},
year={2012},
pages={125-129},
art_number={6400900},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2012 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2012 ; Conference Date: 28 October 2012 Through 31 October 2012;  Conference Code:95419},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873554891&partnerID=40&md5=52d005068fd00c3938d1bbd5b0689407},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Serial belief propagation is known to improve the decoding performance of the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes through the modified sequence of check node or variable node update. The sequence updates or scheduling can be performed in two directions: a left-to-right (LR) direction or the right-to-left (RL) one. In this work, we show that even when both update directions yield comparable bit error rate (BER) performances, the error locations may differ. Therefore, we propose a mixed-scheduling belief propagation (MBP) which combines the reliability information obtained from the LR and RL directions. Simulation results show that the MBP outperforms the current serial schedulings by providing faster convergence as well as lower bit error rates in the bit patterned media system which is a candidate for future magnetic recording systems. © 2012 IEICE Institute of Electronics Informati.},
keywords={Belief propagation;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Check nodes;  Decoding performance;  Error location;  Faster convergence;  LDPC decoder;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Magnetic recording systems;  Reliability information;  Two directions, Bit error rate;  Forward error correction;  Information theory;  Magnetic recording;  Recording instruments, Scheduling},
references={Gallager, R., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8, pp. 21-28; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1997) Electron. Lett., 33, pp. 457-458; IEEE standard for information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications amendment 5: Enhancements for higher throughput (2009) IEEE Std 802.11n-2009, pp. c1-c502; Galbraith, R.L., Architecture and implementation of a firstgeneration iterative detection read channel (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 837-843; Hocevar, D.E., A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes (2004) Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Syst. (SIPS), pp. 107-112; Yeo, E., High throughput low-density parity-check decoder architectures (2001) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 5, pp. 3019-3024; Mansour, M.M., Shanbhag, N.R., High-throughput LDPC decoders (2003) IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integ. Syst., pp. 976-996; Kfir, H., Kanter, I., Parallel versus sequential updating for belief propagation decoding (2003) Physica A, 330, pp. 259-270; Juntan, Z., Fossorier, M., Shuffled belief propagation decoding (2002) Proc. 36th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. and Comput., pp. 8-15; Wu, S., Jiang, X., Nie, Z., Alternate iteration of shuffled belief propagation decoding (2010) Proc. International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 278-281; Elidan, G., McGraw, I., Koller, D., Residual belief propagation: Informed scheduling for asynchronous message passing Proc. Uncertainty in Artificial Intellignece, 2006; Vila Casado, A.I., Grit, M., Wesal, R.D., LDPC decoders with informed dynamic scheduling (2010) IEEE Trans. Comm., 58, pp. 3470-3479; Jung-Hyun, K., Variable-to-check residual belief propagation for informed dynamic scheduling of LDPC codes (2008) Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, pp. 1-4; Liu, X.-C., Dynamic schedules based on variable nodes residual for LDPC codes (2009) Proc. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-3; Phakphisut, W., Serial selief propagation for the high-rate LDPC decoders and performances in the bit patterned media systems with media noise (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 3562-3565; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Hu, J., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 3517-3524; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel (2009) Proc. Allerton Conf. on Comm., Control and Computing, pp. 620-627; Risso, A., Layered LDPC decoding over GF(q) for magnetic recording channel (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3683-3686; Tanner, R., A recursive approach to low complexity codes (1981) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 27, pp. 533-547; Xiao-Yu, H., Efficient implementations of the sum-product algorithm for decoding LDPC codes (2001) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 2, pp. 1036-1036; Hu, X.Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth Tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 51, pp. 386-398},
correspondence_address1={Phakphisut, W.; Faculty of Engineering, , Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: s4610134@kmitl.ac.th},
address={Honolulu, HI},
isbn={9784885522673},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Its Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nakamura2012121,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Write-margin evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel with write-errors},
journal={2012 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2012},
year={2012},
pages={121-124},
art_number={6400899},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, ISITA 2012 ; Conference Date: 28 October 2012 Through 31 October 2012;  Conference Code:95419},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873538400&partnerID=40&md5=d5b078c82e3f7acb21c8b3026724b9b0},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={The magnetic recording system using a bit-patterned medium (BPM) has serious problems such as the need of the precise write-synchronization to correctly write the recording sequence on each intended island and the write-errors caused by the insufficient write field gradient, the medium switching field distribution (SFD), the demagnetization fields from adjacent islands, and the island position variation. In this paper, the influences of the SFD and the demagnetization fields from adjacent islands on the write-margin of the low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system is studied in the BPM R/W channel with write-errors at an areal recording density of 2 Tbit/inch2. It is clarified that in order to obtain the sufficient write-margin, it is important to suppress the influence of the demagnetization fields from adjacent islands. © 2012 IEICE Institute of Electronics Informati.},
keywords={Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned medium;  Demagnetization fields;  LDPC coding;  Lowdensity parity-check coding (LDPC);  Magnetic recording systems;  Switching field distribution;  Write field gradients, Information theory;  Iterative decoding, Coding errors},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sept; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-12429. , Nov; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2010) Digest of the PMRC 2010, , 18aE-9, Sendai, Japan; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study on nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 14 (1), pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'98, pp. 2694-2699. , Melbourne, Australia; Koch, W., Baier, A., Optimum and sub-optimum detection of coded data disturbed by time-varying intersymbol interference (1990) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'90, pp. 1679-1684. , San Diego, U.S.A},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
address={Honolulu, HI},
isbn={9784885522673},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Its Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kamata2012,
author={Kamata, Y. and Maeda, T. and Hieda, H. and Yamamoto, R. and Kihara, N. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={5 Tdot/inch2 bit-patterned media fabricated by directed self-assembling polymer mask},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407353},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873209075&partnerID=40&md5=f522cd208272eae4fc5f7065ec898533},
affiliation={Toshiba Corporation, Corporate R and D Center, Japan},
abstract={FePt bit-patterned media (BPM) was fabricated with a self-assembled polymer mask with 12 nm pitch (equivalent to 5 Tdot/inch2). A 3.2 nm FePt film with high c axis crystal orientation was prepared for the magnetic recording layer. Solvent vapor annealing was applied for uniform directed self-assembling of PS (polystyrene) - PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) diblock copolymer. Pattern transfer from a polymer mask to FePt layer was achieved by employing a C hard mask. In spite of excellent magnetic characteristics of FePt layer, the fabricated FePt BPM showed small coercivity (Hc) of 6 kOe and large switching field distribution (SFD) of 21%. These results are due to the etching damage of FePt dots. Disordering of FePt L10 phase by the etching damage reduced magnetic anisotropy energy (Ku). © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  diblock copolymer;  directed self-assembly;  FePt;  switching field distribution},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  FePt;  FePt films;  FePt layers;  Hard masks;  Magnetic anisotropy energy;  Magnetic characteristic;  Pattern transfers;  Polymer masks;  Self-assembled;  Self-assembling;  Solvent vapors;  Switching field distribution, Block copolymers;  Etching;  Fabrication;  Magnetic recording;  Polystyrenes;  Silicones;  Vapors, Polymers},
references={Kamata, Y., (2011) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54; Maeda, T., (2005) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3331-3333; Hieda, H., (2006) J. Photopolymer Science and Technology, 19, pp. 425-430},
correspondence_address1={Kamata, Y.; Toshiba Corporation, Japan; email: yoshiyuki.kamata@toshiba.co.jp},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yang2012,
author={Yang, J.K.W. and Asbahi, M. and Thiyagarajah, N. and Chen, Y. and Leong, S.H. and Ng, V.},
title={Top-down and bottom-up approaches to high-density bit-patterned media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407352},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873207144&partnerID=40&md5=57d623b67ef70ba15db0414b94bcf345},
affiliation={Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={We develop processes relevant to bit-patterned media (BPM) to achieve nanostructures with densities of up to 4.4 Tdots/in2 using a combination of top-down electron-beam lithography and bottom up self assembly of Au nanoparticles. Evaluation of magnetic bits were performed on purely top-down approaches using both direct-deposition and ion milling processes. Measurements of BPM performance were performed to investigate the effects of trench material, and process conditions. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  directed self assembly;  Electron-beam lithography},
keywords={Au nanoparticle;  Bit-patterned media;  Bottom up;  Bottom up approach;  Directed self-assembly;  Ion milling;  Magnetic bits;  Process condition;  Top-down approach;  Topdown, Electron beam lithography;  Gold;  Self assembly, Magnetic recording},
references={Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-IO-nm half-pitch lithography (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 25, pp. 2025-2029; Cord, B., Yang, J.K.W., Duan, H.G., Joy, D.C., Klingfus, J., Berggren, K.K., Limiting factors in sub-IO-nm scanning-electron-beam lithography (2009) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 27, pp. 2616-2621; Lau, C.Y., Duan, H., Wang, F., He, C.B., Low, H.Y., Yang, J.K.W., Enhanced ordering in gold nanoparticles self-assembly through excess free ligands (2011) Langmuir, 27 (7), pp. 3355-3360; Chen, M., Liu, J.P., Sun, S., One-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles with tunable size (2004) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126 (27), pp. 8394-8395; Bita, J., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Asbahi, M., Lim, K.T.P., Wang, F., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Ng, V., Yang, J.K.W., (2012) Directed Self-Assembly of Densely-Packed Gold Nanoparticles, , in press; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 tbit/in 2 (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), pp. 5301-5306; Thiyagarajah, N., Huang, T., Chen, Y., Duan, H., Song, D.L.Y., Leong, S.H., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., Comparison of bit-patterned media fabricated by methods of direct deposition and ion-milling of cobalt/palladium multilayers (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (10), p. 103906},
correspondence_address1={Yang, J.K.W.; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore; email: yangkwj@imre.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Myint2012,
author={Myint, L. and Supnithi, P. and Puttarak, N.},
title={Track mis-registration detection using correlation functions in magnetic recording},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407533},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873200729&partnerID=40&md5=8502b840f4a900db8b133401e54f0baa},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathumthani 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, KMITL, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Track mis-registration (TMR) causes the asymmetric inter-track interference which degrades the system performance. In this work, we propose a TMR detection method based on the cross-correlation functions in bit patterned media (BPM) recording systems. Firstly, the coefficients of the channel are predicted with the cross-correlation functions between the readback signals and the recorded bit sequences on the main track as well as the interfering tracks. Using the ratio of the channel coefficients, the presence and direction of TMR and can be predicted more accurately. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={2-D Interference;  Bit Patterned Media;  Media noise;  Track misregistration},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Channel coefficient;  Correlation function;  Cross-correlation function;  Detection methods;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Recording systems;  Track misregistration, Magnetic recording},
references={Kitel, C., On the theory of ferromagnetic resonance absorption (1948) Phys. Rev., 73, pp. 155-161. , Ja; Shaw, J.M., Silva, T.J., Schneider, M.L., McMichael, R.D., Spin dynamics and mode structure in nanomagnet arrays: Efects of size and thickness on linewidth and damping (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 79, p. 184404. , May; Bilzer, C., Study of the dynamic properties of sof CoFeB flms (2006) J Appl. Phys., 100, p. 053903. , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L.; School of Information Technology, , Pathumthani 12160, Thailand; email: lin@siu.ac.th},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Moon2012,
author={Moon, W. and Im, S.},
title={Performance of the contraction mapping-based iterative 2D equalizer for BPM},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407532},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873199754&partnerID=40&md5=9e288e0704e39e95590f1081c02a1473},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={In this paper, we investigate a simple iterative two-dimensional (2D) equalizer based on the contraction mapping to mitigate both inter-track interference and inter-symbol interference of bit patterned media. The performance of the 2D equalizer is measured using computer simulations in terms of bit error rate. Three conventional equalizers are also evaluated for comparison's purpose. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={2D equalizer;  BPM;  contraction mapping},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  BPM;  Contraction mappings;  Inter-track interferences, Computer simulation;  Magnetic recording, Equalizers},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, L.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn", 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Chang, Y., Park, D., Park, N., Park, Y., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , Mar; Myint, L.M., Supnithi, P., Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording IEEE Trans, Magn", , to be appeared},
correspondence_address1={Moon, W.; School of Electronic Engineering, , Seoul, South Korea; email: moonsday@ssu.ac.kr},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hnin2012,
author={Hnin, Y.Y.K. and Poh, W.C. and Wong, S.K. and Tan, H.K. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Long-ranged order cylindrical block copolymer thin films in un-patterned substrates},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407608},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873196556&partnerID=40&md5=98bedf331fb6c1bde5e0d772a0aa1808},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The microdomain orientation in thin films of cylinder- and lamella- forming polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) copolymers on functional poly (styrene-r- methyl methacrylate) P(S-r-MMA) or polystyrene (PS) brushed substrates was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In order to prepare a well-ordered block copolymer nanotemplate in an equilibrated morphology the substrate material must have reactive functional groups for surface modification as well as extremely low surface roughness. The surface functionality is given by the reactive hydroxyl group at the oxides surfaces. The reactive hydroxyl group could be controlled by modifying in surface cleaning process. The homogeneity of patterned area was increased from about 300 nm to >6 μm after 5 min ultraviolet ozone treatment. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  block copolymer;  poly (styrene-block- methyl methacrylate);  PS-b-PMMA;  self-assembly;  un-patterned substrates and long-ranged order},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer thin films;  Field emission scanning electron microscopy;  Hydroxyl groups;  Methyl methacrylates;  Microdomain;  Nanotemplates;  Polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylates;  PS-b-PMMA;  Reactive functional groups;  Substrate material;  Surface functionalities;  Ultraviolet-ozone treatment;  un-patterned substrates and long-ranged order, Block copolymers;  Esters;  Field emission microscopes;  Functional groups;  Magnetic recording;  Ozone;  Polymethyl methacrylates;  Polystyrenes;  Self assembly;  Styrene;  Surface cleaning;  Surface roughness;  Thin films, Substrates},
references={Guarini, K.W., Black, C.T., Zhang, Y., Kim, H., Sikorski, E.M., Babich, T.V., Process integration of self-assembled polymer templates into silicon nanofabrication (2002) J. Vac. Sci. Technol, B, 20 (6), pp. 2788-2792; Black, C.T., Polymer self-assembly as a novel extension to optical lithography (2007) Acs Nano., 1 (3), pp. 147-150; Bang, J., Jeong, U., Ryu, D.Y., Russell, T.P., Block copolymer nanolithography: Translation of molecular level control to nanoscale patterns (2009) Adv Mater., 21, pp. 1-24; Kim, B.H., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.Y., Shin, D.O., Jeong, H.Y., Hong, S., Yun, J.M., Kim, S.O., Mussel-inspired block copolymer lithography for low surface energy materials of teflon, grapheme, and gold (2011) Adv Mater., 23, pp. 5618-5622},
correspondence_address1={Hnin, Y.Y.K.; Data Storage Institute, Singapore, Singapore; email: hnin_J.uyuko@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Koo2012,
author={Koo, K. and Kim, S.-Y. and Jung, J. and Lee, J. and Choi, M. and Goh, T. and Kim, S.},
title={Two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood at rear for bit-patterned media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407604},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873182619&partnerID=40&md5=227be2d6715b5b6a2050e569ba3be00f},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyungbuk, South Korea; Department of Creative IT Excellence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyungbuk, South Korea},
abstract={Compared with conventional partial response maximum likelihood (PRML), we propose new structure of two-dimensional (2D) PRML for bit-patterned media storage. The proposed PRML at rear shows superior bit error rate performance despite no iteration in 2D soft output Viterbi algorithm. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  equalizer;  intersymbol interference;  intertrack interference;  least mean square;  recursive least square;  two-dimensional partial response maximum likelihood;  two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interferences;  Least mean squares;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Recursive least square (RLS);  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Equalizers;  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Two dimensional;  Viterbi algorithm, Iterative methods},
references={Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) FrOC. IEEE into Canf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 2274-2276; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597},
correspondence_address1={Koo, K.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Gyungbuk, South Korea; email: khkoo@postech.edu},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Futamoto2012,
author={Futamoto, M. and Hagami, T. and Ishihara, S. and Ohtake, T.},
title={Improvement of magnetic force microscope resolution and application to high-density recording media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407356},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873181901&partnerID=40&md5=24eb5207c27a53f58206ea28bec97fe1},
affiliation={Faculty of Sci. and Eng., Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan},
abstract={Effects of magnetic material, coating thickness, and tip radius on magnetic force microscope (MFM) resolution have been investigated. MFM resolutions better than 8 nm have been confirmed with tips coated by high-magnetic moment materials with optimized thicknesses. High-resolution tips are applied to the observations of recorded magnetization structures of perpendicular and bit-patterned media samples. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={magnetic force microscope;  perpendicular recording media;  spatial resolution;  switching field},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Coating thickness;  High resolution;  High-density recording;  Magnetic force microscopes;  Moment materials;  Perpendicular recording media;  Spatial resolution;  Switching field;  Tip radius, Coated materials;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic moments;  Microscopes;  Thickness measurement, Magnetic recording},
references={Nagano, K., Tobari, K., Soneta, K., Ohtale, M., Futamoto, M., (2012) J. Mag. Soc. Japan, 36, pp. 109-115. , March; Hagami, T., Soneta, K., Ohtake, M., Futamoto, M., (2012) JEMS-20J2, JEMJ639-3J, , Sept. 13 to appear in European Journal Web of Conferences; Ishihara, S., Ohtake, M., Futamoto, M., (2012) IEICE Tech. Rep., MR2012-7, pp. 35-42. , June},
correspondence_address1={Futamoto, M.; Faculty of Sci. and Eng., , Tokyo 112-8551, Japan; email: futamoto@e1ect.chuo-u.ac.jp},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Iwamatsu2012943,
author={Iwamatsu, H. and Kato, T. and Ohnuki, S. and Ashizawa, Y. and Nakagawa, K. and Chew, W.C.},
title={Transient analysis of localized circularly polarized light for all-optical magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)},
year={2012},
pages={943-946},
art_number={6393751},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 17th International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2012 ; Conference Date: 29 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95194},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873170611&partnerID=40&md5=c00e457f1eccd2d1cc7377b2244bc1fe},
affiliation={College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States},
abstract={For ultra-high speed recording, all-optical magnetic recording technology with circularly polarized lights has been studied [1-3]. However, it was difficult to localize circularly polarized light for realizing higher density magnetic recording because of the diffraction limit. Our proposed plasmonic cross antenna can generate the nano-sized circularly polarized light inside the recording media for high density magnetic recording [4, 5]. In this paper, we analyze the electromagnetic fields of a plasmonic cross antenna and the bit-patterned media by the ADE-FDTD method [6]. The intensity of the electric fields inside the bit-patterned media and the speed to generate the circularly polarized light are discussed for all-optical magnetic recording. © 2012 IEICE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Circularly polarized light;  Diffraction limits;  High-density magnetic recording;  Plasmonic;  Recording media;  Ultra high speed, Circular polarization;  Diffraction;  Electric fields;  Electromagnetic fields;  Finite difference time domain method;  Light polarization;  Magnetic recording;  Plasmons, Antennas},
references={Stanciu, C.D., Hansteen, F., Kimel, A.V., Kirilyuk, A., Tsukamoto, A., Itoh, A., Rasing, Th., All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett, 99, pp. 0476011-0476014; Nakagawa, K., Kim, J., Itoh, A., Near-field optically assisted hybrid head for self-aligned plasmon spot with magnetic field (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08F9021-08F9023; Nakagawa, K., Ashizawa, Y., Ohnuki, S., Itoh, A., Tsukamato, A., Confined circularly polarized light generated by nano-size aperture for high density all-optical magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B7351-07B7353; Iwamatsu, H., Kato, T., Ohnuki, S., Ashizawa, Y., Nakagawa, K., Chew, W.C., Analysis of bit-patterned media and plasmonic cross antenna for all-optical magnetic recording-investigation of the electric intensity for changing the arrangement of media patterns (2011) Technical Meeting on Magnetics, pp. 95-100. , IEE Japan, MAG-11-110; Iwamatsu, H., Kato, T., Ohnuki, S., Ashizawa, Y., Nakagawa, K., Chew, W.C., Analysis of electromagnetic fields of a plasmonic cross antenna with bit-patterned media (2012) Proc. of IEEE AP-S/URSI; Yamaguchi, T., Hinata, T., Optical near-field analysis of spherical metals: Application of the FDTD method combined with the ADE method (2007) Opt. Express, 15, pp. 11481-11491; Rakic, A.D., Djurišic, A.B., Elazar, J.M., Majewski, M.L., Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 5271-5283},
correspondence_address1={Iwamatsu, H.; College of Science and Technology, 1-8-14 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan},
sponsors={Commun. Soc. Inst. Electron., Inf. Commun. Eng. (IEICE); Int. Exch. Program Natl. Inst. Inf. Commun. Technol. (NICT); The Telecommunications Advancement Foundation; KDDI Foundation; Nagoya Convention and Visitors Bureau},
address={Nagoya},
issn={15223965},
isbn={9784885522703},
coden={IAPSB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Antennas Propag Soc AP S Int Symp},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Liao2012,
author={Liao, J.-W. and Cheng, C.-F. and Wang, D.-S. and Huang, K.-F. and Wang, L.-W. and Lai, C.-H.},
title={Highly (001)-oriented thin continuous L10 FePt films for bit patterned media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407787},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873164745&partnerID=40&md5=02d187f2942af7521abd099200a3e1ca},
affiliation={National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan},
abstract={We demonstrate a highly (001)-oriented thin continuous FePt film by introducing an FeOx cap layer. The agglomeration in capped FePt films is significantly suppressed by inhibiting the surface diffusion, which then yields a desired continuous film with a narrowed (001) out-of-plane angular distribution. Through the promoted interdiffusion of Fe and Pt by the reduction of Fe oxides during annealing, we successfully maintain a (001) L10 phase while suppressing the agglomeration in FePt films. By utilizing this continuous FePt film and template of diblock copolymer, we obtain FePt dot arrays with an average dot diameter of 25 nm. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={agglomeration;  bit patterned media;  L10 FePt;  ordering},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Cap layers;  Continuous films;  Dot array;  Dot diameter;  Fe oxide;  FePt films;  L10 FePt;  ordering;  Out-of-plane, Angular distribution;  Block copolymers;  Iron oxides;  Magnetic recording;  Platinum, Agglomeration},
references={Takahashi, Y.K., Ohnuma, M., Hono, K., Low-temperature fabrication of high-coercivity llo ordered FePt magnetic films by sputtering (2001) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, pp. L1367-L1369. , Dec; Delalande, M., Guinel, M.J.-F., Allard, L.F., Delattre, A., Bris, R.L., Samson, Y., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Reiss, P., Llo ordering of ultrasmall FePt nanoparticles revealed by TEM in situ annealing (2012) J. Phys. Cher. C, 116, pp. 6866-6872. , Mar; Srolovitz, D.J., Safran, S.A., Capillary instabilities in thin films. n. Kinetics (1986) J. Appl. Phys., 60, pp. 255-260. , Mar; Kim, J.S., Koo, Y.M., Lee, B.J., Lee, S.R., The origin of (001) texture evolution in FePt thin films on amorphous substrates (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 053906-5390661. , Mar; Herring, C., Diffusional viscosity of a polycrystalline solid (1949) J. Appl. Phys., 21, pp. 437-445. , Dec; Figueroa, S.J.A., Stewart, S.J., Rueda, T., Hernando, A., De La Pres, A.P., Thermal evolution of pt-rich FePt/Fe304 heterodimers studied using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (2011) J. Phys. Cher. C, 115, pp. 5500-5508. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Liao, J.-W.; National Tsing Hua UniversityTaiwan},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2012,
title={2012 Digest APMRC Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
page_count={345},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873128787&partnerID=40&md5=5abf1bf02655f9e624962c07f5ba2a7d},
abstract={The proceedings contain 125 papers. The topics discussed include: top-down and bottom-up approaches to high-density bit-patterned media; heat absorption model and media thermal design for HAMR; improvement of magnetic force microscope resolution and application to high-density recording media; vibration and noise in a HDD spindle motor originated from the axial asymmetry of magnetic design; extraction of bearing coefficients of fluid-dynamic bearing spindle motors; analysis of dynamic characteristics of stamped base for 2.5 inch HDD; simulation of a piezoelectric sensor array for slider-level contact detection; a spinstand study in determining the optimum shingling percentage for shingled write recording; thermoreflection measurement of magnetic thin films; thermal effect of a thin overcoating layer subject to laser heating; and long-ranged order cylindrical block copolymer thin films in un-patterned substrates.},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Guo2012,
author={Guo, G. and Yu, J.},
title={Servo detection and control considering servo pattern defects},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407547},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873127115&partnerID=40&md5=c027c1dff4c5618773bc1ac0f7859fc9},
affiliation={Western Digital Technologies, 3355 Michelson Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, United States},
abstract={Hard disk drive servo system needs to improve its error tolerance at a decreasing signal to noise ratio (SNR), including at elevated fly heights with lower SNR for servo seek operations than during read and write to support the areal density growth. This paper discusses a servo burst error reduction scheme which can effectively reduce burst pattern defect induced servo demodulation errors and enhance the servo burst SNR. We also discuss the significant RRO that needs to be reduced in a drive with pre-patterned servo such as discrete track media or bit patterned media. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={patterned media;  Servo channel;  servo demodulation;  servo overhead},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Burst patterns;  Discrete track media;  Error tolerance;  Fly height;  Hard disk drive servo system;  Patterned medias;  Servo bursts;  Servo demodulation;  Servo pattern, Defects;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Liu, M., Yap, F.F., Harmoko, H., A model for a hard disk drive for vibration and shock analysis (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (12), pp. 4764-4768; Bhargava, P., Bogy, D.B., Effect of shock pulse width on the shock response of small form factor disk drives (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (8-10), pp. 1107-1115},
correspondence_address1={Guo, G.; Western Digital Technologies, 3355 Michelson Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, United States; email: Guoxiao.Guo@wdc.com},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Juang2012,
author={Juang, J.-Y. and Lin, K.-T.},
title={Contact of flying recording head sliders on continuous and patterned media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407550},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873123182&partnerID=40&md5=5e23fe39c9dd31284655f9392902a7ed},
affiliation={National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan},
abstract={We conduct three-dimensional transient finite-element analysis to study the contact behavior during touch-down detection by a thermal flying-height control (TFC) recording head on continuous and patterned media. The heat generated during touch-down and the plastic strain of the media are calculated in the model. Various factors and parameters are investigated, such as the radius of curvature of the TFC protrusion, disk velocity, media substrate, media compositions and bit-patterned media (BPM). Our analysis shows that when subjected to the same TFC over-push, BPM is much more likely to result in plastic deformation than the continuous media. The temperature rises due to frictional heating reach 22 K and 16 K on continuous and BPM media, respectively. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={head-disk interface (HDI);  Magnetic recording;  patterned media;  thermal flying-height control (TFC)},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Contact behavior;  Continuous media;  Flying height control;  Frictional heating;  Head disk interface;  Media composition;  Patterned medias;  Radius of curvature;  Recording head;  Temperature rise;  Touch downs, Finite element method;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Plastic deformation;  Recording instruments, Nonvolatile storage},
references={Wu, A.Q., HAMR areal density demonstration of 1+ tbpsi on spinstand TMRC 2012 Proceeding, , San Jose, USA; Xu, B.X., Thermal issues and their effects on heat-assisted magnetic recording system (2012) Journal of Applied Physics, 111, pp. 07B701; Park, K.-S., Effect of temperature and fraction ratio of heliwn for perfonnance of thennal flying control slider in air-heliwn gas mixture at head disk interface MIPE 2012 Proceeding, , Santa Clara, USA; Park, K.-S., Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of light delivery for thermal assisted magnetic recording (2011) IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, 47 (7)},
correspondence_address1={Juang, J.-Y.; National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; email: jiayang@ntu.edu.tw},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Zhang2012,
author={Zhang, S. and Cai, K. and Qin, Z.},
title={A position dependent binary symmetric channel model for BPMR write errors},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407545},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873115751&partnerID=40&md5=e3a41c2ab9b7314e0fc54238bcc3653a},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Write error in Bit-Patterned-Media-Recording is a unique problem that does not exist in conventional magnetic recording. In this work we analyze the various sources of write error in BPMR based hard drives and conduct write error characterization. A position dependent write error model is proposed based on these analysis which leads to a modified binary symmetric channel model for BPMR. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={BPMR;  write error;  write synchronization},
keywords={Binary symmetric channel;  BPMR;  Error model;  Hard drives;  Position dependents, Magnetic recording},
references={Eduardo, P., Wolf-Dietrich, W., Barroso, A., Failure trends in a large disk drive population (2007) USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, , Goog Inc; Schroeder, B., Gibson, G.A., Disk failure in the real world: What does an MTTF of 1, 000, 000 hours to you? (2007) FAST'07: Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, A247, pp. 529-551. , Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Apn the real r. 1955; Shah, S., Elerath, J.G., Reliability analysis of disk drive failure mechanism (2005) The Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, pp. 226-231; Xie, M., Lai, C., Murthy, D., Weibull-related distributions for the modeling of bathtub shaped failure rate functions Mathematical and Stastical Methods in Reliability-Series on Quality, Reliability, and Engineering Statistics (Pp. 283-297), , World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, S.; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: zhang_songhua@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hu2012,
author={Hu, J. and Lwin, P.W. and Zhou, T. and Shi, J. and Cher, K.M.K.},
title={Grain isolation control of FePt thin film by using Ag nucleation layer},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407569},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873114686&partnerID=40&md5=6ae95da40515b68ad3c79abe35de7a00},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The L10 FePt with high magnetic anisotropy is the most promising candidate for heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and bit patterned media (BPM) to further increase the areal density. From recording media application point of view, grain isolation is one of the most important issues. Most common approach is via element doping. In the present work, we proposed another approach to achieve the grain isolation via using an ultrathin Ag layer as the nucleation layer. © 2012 DSI.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  FePt thin films;  Grain isolation;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  High magnetic anisotropy;  L10-FePt;  Nucleation layers;  Recording media;  Ultra-thin, Nucleation, Magnetic recording},
correspondence_address1={Hu, J.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Koo2012,
author={Koo, K. and Kim, S.-Y. and Jung, J. and Kim, D. and Moon, S. and Kim, S.},
title={Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with dual equalizers for bit-patterned media},
journal={2012 Digest APMRC - Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!},
year={2012},
art_number={6407605},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2012 Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference: A Strong Tradition. An Exciting New Look!, APMRC 2012 ; Conference Date: 31 October 2012 Through 2 November 2012;  Conference Code:95274},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873109012&partnerID=40&md5=9ed79cdf3d5077bea4a4321f54eb3e16},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyungbuk, South Korea; Department of Creative IT Excellence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Gyungbuk, South Korea},
abstract={This paper proposes a two-dimensional detection method using dual equalizers for bit-patterned media storage. The proposed method has improved bit error rate performance with low computational complexity. © 2012 DSI.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  dual equalizers;  intersymbol interference;  intertrack interference;  two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Detection methods;  Inter-track interferences;  Low computational complexity;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms, Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Two dimensional;  Viterbi algorithm, Equalizers},
references={Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-pattemed media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Myint, L., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 2274-2276; Keskinez, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft output viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (3), pp. 594-597},
correspondence_address1={Koo, K.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Gyungbuk, South Korea; email: khkoo@postech.edu},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810720568},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. APMRC - Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf.: Strong Tradit. Exciting New Look},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McDaniel2012,
author={McDaniel, T.W.},
title={Areal density limitation in bit-patterned, heat-assisted magnetic recording using FePtX media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={112},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/1.4764336},
art_number={093920},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870880779&doi=10.1063%2f1.4764336&partnerID=40&md5=c0b054a36c2bb9b79ba375f6e7479fad},
affiliation={Model-Physics, Volcano, CA 95689, United States},
abstract={The future evolution of magnetic recording data storage toward its ultimate limit is expected to involve a combination of energy-assisted recording on bit-patterned media, according to recent publications. In this work, we assess the effectiveness of single magnetic grain reversal under heat-assisted recording conditions by analyzing macrospin magnetization dynamics with the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation. The simulations reported pertain to FePtX recording media and recording system parameters constrained by expected practical limitations. The approach adopted is assessment of the patterned media writing error rate as a function of applied bias field and areal density (AD), taking account of the relevant physics of the heat-assisted recording process. Additionally, we require that long-term thermal stability of recorded information be maintained, and that sufficient thermal and effective writing field gradients to support AD targets are available. For the long-time analysis, an Arrhenius-Nèel model of single grain switching probability is helpful. In this context, an investigation of achievable areal density with respect to tradeoffs in writing error rate at practical applied fields and thermal conditions is provided. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Applied bias;  Applied field;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Error rate;  Field gradient;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  IS assessment;  Magnetic grains;  Magnetization dynamics;  Patterned medias;  Recording data;  Recording media;  Recording process;  Recording systems;  Single grains;  Switching probability;  Thermal condition, Magnetization reversal, Magnetic recording},
references={Kryder, M.H., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), p. 1810. , 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2004315; Terris, B.D., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196. , 10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9; McDaniel, T.W., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, pp. 315-R332. , 10.1088/0953-8984/17/7/R01; Richter, H.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 033909. , 10.1063/1.3681297; McDaniel, T.W., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112, p. 013914. , 10.1063/1.4733311; Garanin, D., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 212409. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.212409; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Nowak, U., Chantrell, R.W., Garanin, D., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 094436. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094436; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (6), p. 4423. , 10.1109/20.809134; Kazantseva, N., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 184428. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.184428; Myrasov, O.N., (2005) Europhys. Lett., 69 (5), p. 805. , 10.1209/epl/i2004-10404-2; Seigler, M.A., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), p. 119. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911029; Thiele, J.-U., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6595. , 10.1063/1.1470254; Sendur, K., Challener, W., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 032503. , 10.1063/1.3073049; Bertram, H.N., Safonov, V.L., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (5), p. 2447. , 10.1109/20.908462; Duan, H., (2012) Nano Lett., 12, pp. 1683-1689. , 10.1021/nl3001309; Scholl, J., (2012) Nature, 483, pp. 421-428. , 10.1038/nature10904; De Abajo, F., (2012) Nature, 483, pp. 417-418. , 10.1038/483417a},
correspondence_address1={McDaniel, T.W.; Model-Physics, Volcano, CA 95689, United States},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dobisz2012,
author={Dobisz, E.A. and Kercher, D. and Grobis, M. and Hellwig, O. and Marinero, E.E. and Weller, D. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Fabrication of 1 Teradot/in.2 CoCrPt bit patterned media and recording performance with a conventional read/write head},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B:Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
number={6},
doi={10.1116/1.4757955},
art_number={06FH01},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870387610&doi=10.1116%2f1.4757955&partnerID=40&md5=49724c0ceb6f088b1dd50e0c7c56ee24},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={1 Teradot/in.2 (Td/in.2) CoCrPt alloy bit patterned media (BPM) disks were patterned by direct write e-beam lithography, and the recording performance was measured with a commercial recording head. Recording analysis showed a minimum error rate of 2 × 10-3, which was limited by the fraction of BPM patterning defects Continuous magnetic media disks were coated with a 20 nm thick carbon hard mask film by PECVD followed by a 8.5 nm thick hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist by spin coating. A series of 1 Td/in.2 dot patterns were e-beam written in the HSQ, and the patterns were etched into the carbon hard mask by reactive ion etching. The underlying magnetic media was physically etched with 200 eV Ar. The carbon hard mask maximum thickness was limited by erosion of the HSQ dots during the carbon hardmask etch and shadowing of the mask during the magnetic media etch. The minimum carbon thickness and the maximum CoCrPt thickness were determined by erosion of the hardmask pillars during etching of the CoCrPt magnetic media. The optimal carbon hard mask thickness was determined to be ∼20 nm (for our PECVD carbon). The optimal CoCrPt magnetic media thickness was 6 nm, as determined by etch selectivity and magnetic properties. A Silvaco Monte Carlo 3D model simulation was used to describe the magnetic media etching process. Additional patterning steps formed physical support, surrounding the patterns, for the recording head that scanned in contact with the patterned magnetic media. Analysis of top down SEM micrographs of BPM patterns showed defect rates as low as 3 × 10-4 and a 1-sigma dot placement tolerance of 0.9 nm. Magnetic coercivity and switching field distribution width were measured from polar magneto-optic micro Kerr effect hysteresis loops (with a spot size of 20-50 μm). Patterning process conditions that produced a higher fraction of eroded or merged magnetic islands reduced the BPM coercivity and increased the relative width of the switching field distribution. Magnetic recording was performed with a commercial recording head of magnetic write width 90 nm in a shingled writing method. The recording error rate minimum varied with the fraction of defects in a similar manner as the magnetic switching field distribution width. A higher fraction of defects resulted in increased recording error probability due to data erasure by stray magnetic fields from the head. © 2012 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={3D models;  A-spots;  Bit-patterned media;  Carbon hard masks;  Defect rate;  Direct write e-beam lithographies;  Dot patterns;  Error probabilities;  Error rate;  Etch selectivity;  Etching process;  Hardmasks;  Hydrogen silsesquioxane;  Magnetic coercivities;  Magnetic island;  Magnetic media;  Magnetic switching;  Magnetic write widths;  Minimum error rate;  MONTE CARLO;  Patterned magnetic media;  Patterning process;  Recording head;  Recording performance;  SEM micrographs;  Silvaco;  Stray magnetic fields;  Switching field distribution;  Topdown, Carbon;  Coercive force;  Defects;  Electron beam lithography;  Erosion;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Monte Carlo methods;  Optimization;  Recording instruments;  Three dimensional computer graphics, Automobile manufacture},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423. , 10.1109/20.809134; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T.R., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1836. , 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007600; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S.G., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2604. , 10.1116/1.2978487; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018. , 10.1063/1.370077; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166; Kalezhi, J., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Schabes, M.E., Grobis, M., Miles, J.J., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 053926. , 10.1063/1.3691947; Stipe, B.C., (2010) Nature Photon., 4, p. 484. , 10.1038/nphoton.2010.90; Katine, J., Stipe, B., Hellwig, O., (2011) Presented at the 55th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication, , Las Vegas, NV, May 31-June 3; Nam, S.W., Rooks, M.J., Yang, J.K., Berggren, K.K., Kim, H.M., Lee, M.H., Kim, K.B., Yoon, D.Y., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 2635. , 10.1116/1.3245991; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202. , 10.1116/1.2798711; Chao, W., Kim, J., Rekawa, S., Fischer, P., Anderson, E., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 2606. , 10.1116/1.3242694; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 240, p. 599. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3589. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854733; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 917. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010676; Grobis, M.K., Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 6. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2076798},
correspondence_address1={Dobisz, E.A.; HGST, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: elizabeth.dobisz@hgst.com},
issn={21662746},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukuda2012,
author={Fukuda, Y. and Saotome, Y. and Nishiyama, N. and Takenaka, K. and Saidoh, N. and Makabe, E. and Inoue, A.},
title={Fabrication of nanodot array mold with 2 Tdot/in.2 for nanoimprint using metallic glass},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B:Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
number={6},
doi={10.1116/1.4761472},
art_number={061602},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870363965&doi=10.1116%2f1.4761472&partnerID=40&md5=410cc9e23c4df1c11e73aaea9a411ee2},
affiliation={BMG Co., Ltd., Sendai 983-0036, Japan; Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Kansai Center, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; RIMCOF Tohoku University Laboratory, Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Here, the authors fabricated a mold consisting of nanodot arrays with an 18-nm pitch and performed nanoimprinting of metallic glass for developing bitpatterned media (BPM) with an areal recording density of 2 Tbit/in. 2. Specifically, they investigated the feasibility of SiO 2/Si mold fabrication by metal mask patterning with focused ion beam assisted chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) and reactive ion etching (RIE). SiO2 was etched with a mixed gas of CHF3 and O 2, resulting in successful fabrication of convex nanodot arrays with an 18-nm pitch. The authors attempted nanoimprinting of Pd-based metallic glass with the fabricated SiO2 mold and clearly confirmed the replication of the fine nanohole pattern. These results suggest that the proposed FIB-CVD and RIE process is a promising method for fabricating ultrafine nanodot arrays and that metallic glasses are excellent nanoimprintable materials for mass-produced nanodevices such as BPM with ultrahigh recording density. © 2012 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media;  FIB-CVD;  Focused ion-beam assisted chemical vapor depositions;  Metal masks;  Mixed gas;  Mold fabrication;  Nano-devices;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nano-imprint;  Nano-imprinting;  Nanoholes;  Ultra-high recording;  Ultrafine, Chemical vapor deposition;  Fabrication;  Molds;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Palladium, Metallic glass},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23656448},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) under the “Technological Development of Innovate Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass Project.”},
references={Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1, p. 29. , 10.2174/187221007779814754; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673. , 10.1063/1.358164; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.259; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949. , 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202. , 10.1116/1.2798711; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 385301. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301; Solak, H.H., Ekinci, Y., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2123. , 10.1116/1.2799974; Wu, W., Cui, B., Sun, X., Zhang, W., Zhuang, L., Kong, L., Chou, S.Y., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, p. 3825. , 10.1116/1.590417; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 3114. , 10.1063/1.114851; Yamamoto, R., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Ootera, Y., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 51, p. 046503. , 10.1143/JJAP.51.046503; Hosaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Shirai, M., Mohamad, Z., Yin, Y., (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 49, p. 046503. , 10.1143/JJAP.49.046503; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Microelectron. Eng., 85, p. 774. , 10.1016/j.mee.2007.12.081; Fukuda, Y., Saotome, Y., Nishiyama, N., Saidoh, N., Makabe, E., Inoue, A., (2012) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 51, p. 086702. , 10.1143/JJAP.51.086702; Matsui, S., Kaito, T., Fujita, J., Komuro, M., Kanda, K., Haruyama, Y., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18, p. 3181. , 10.1116/1.1319689; Chen, P., Alkemade, P.F.A., Salemink, H.W.M., (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 47, p. 5123. , 10.1143/JJAP.47.5123; Saotome, Y., Imai, K., Shioda, S., Shimizu, S., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2002) Intermetallics, 10, p. 1241. , 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00135-8; Kumar, G., Tang, H.X., Schroers, J., (2009) Nature, 457, p. 868. , 10.1038/nature07718; Inoue, A., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 279. , 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00300-6; Saotome, Y., Fukuda, Y., Yamaguchi, I., Inoue, A., (2007) J. Alloys Compd., 434-435, p. 97. , 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.126; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1983. , 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.02.027; Chen, P., Wu, M.Y., Salemink, H.W.M., Alkemade, P.F.A., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 015302. , 10.1088/0957-4484/20/1/015302; Buffat, Ph., Borel, J.-P., (1976) Phys. Rev. A, 13, p. 2287. , 10.1103/PhysRevA.13.2287; Lin, C.H., Jiang, L., Chai, Y.H., Xiao, H., Chen, S.J., Tsai, H.L., (2010) Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process., 98, p. 855. , 10.1007/s00339-010-5552-0; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 10.1063/1.2209179; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Futamoto, M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2011) J. Alloys Compd., 509, p. 145. , 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.12.020; Saidoh, N., Takenaka, K., Nishiyama, N., Ishimaru, M., Inoue, A., (2012) Intermetallics, 30, p. 48. , 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.03.041; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Ishimaru, M., Futamoto, M., Inoue, A., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, p. 1444. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.009; Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1969. , 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.02.045; Fukuda, Y., Saotome, Y., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., (2011) Mater. Trans., 52, p. 239. , 10.2320/matertrans.M2010241},
correspondence_address1={Fukuda, Y.; BMG Co., Ltd., Sendai 983-0036, Japan; email: y_fukuda@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={21662746},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kihara2012,
author={Kihara, N. and Yamamoto, R. and Sasao, N. and Shimada, T. and Yuzawa, A. and Okino, T. and Ootera, Y. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Fabrication of 5 Tdot/in.2 bit patterned media with servo pattern using directed self-assembly},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B:Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
number={6},
doi={10.1116/1.4763356},
art_number={06FH02},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870362386&doi=10.1116%2f1.4763356&partnerID=40&md5=59d2c15b4603d3d5bac652eaea5b5c33},
affiliation={Storage Materials and Devices Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki 212-5852, Japan},
abstract={The fabrication of an etching template for 5 Td/in.2 bit patterned media using a self-organization material, namely, poly(styrene)- poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS), was investigated. The molecular weight of the PS-PDMS for forming the areal density of 5 Td/in.2 dot pattern was estimated from the polymerization index related to the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Annealing was carried out to obtain a fine-order dot pattern. PS-PDMS films were subjected to thermal treatment or solvent annealing. The ordering of the dot array in these films was evaluated by using Voronoi diagrams. The results indicate that the film annealed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) vapor showed finer ordering than did the thermally treated film. This seemed to be attributable to the high solubility parameter of NMP. The soaking of NMP into the PS phase slightly shifted the phase separation energy of the polymer matrix. The lattice spacing of the obtained hexagonal pattern was 11 nm. By using low-molecular-weight PS-PDMS with solvent annealing, a dot-array template for 5 Td/in.2 bit patterned media was formed. © 2012 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Dot array;  Dot patterns;  Flory-Huggins interaction parameter;  Hexagonal pattern;  High solubility;  Lattice spacing;  Low molecular weight;  N-methylpyrrolidone;  Separation energy;  Servo pattern;  Solvent annealing;  Thermally treated films;  Voronoi diagrams, Annealing;  Microchannels;  Phase separation;  Styrene;  Vapors, Automobile manufacture},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={A part of this work was funded by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the “Development of nanobit technology for ultra-high density magnetic recording (Green IT)” project.},
references={Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199. , 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949. , 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2005) Science, 308, p. 1442. , 10.1126/science.1111041; Mansky, P., Harrison, C.K., Chaikin, M., Register, R.A., Yao, N., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, p. 2586. , 10.1063/1.116192; Black, C.T., Guarini, K.W., Zhang, Y., Kim, H., Benedict, J., Sikorski, E., Babich, I.V., Milkove, K., (2004) IEEE Electron Device Lett., 25, p. 622. , 10.1109/LED.2004.834637; Nose, T., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 2243. , 10.1016/0032-3861(95)95303-I; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 51. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077274; Leibler, L., (1980) Macromolecules, 13, p. 1602. , 10.1021/ma60078a047; Ohta, T., Kawasaki, K., (1986) Macromolecules, 19, p. 2621. , 10.1021/ma00164a028; Bates, F.S., (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, p. 525. , 10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.002521; Ross, C.A., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2489. , 10.1116/1.2981079; Gon Son, J., Hannon, A.F., Gotrik, K.W., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., (2011) Adv. Mater., 23, p. 634. , 10.1002/adma.201002999; Wang, Q., Yang, J., Yao, W., Wang, K., Du, R., Zhang, Q., Chen, F., Fu, Q., (2010) Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, p. 5843. , 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.057; Hildebrand, J.H., Scott, R.L., (1949) The Solubility of Non-Electrolytes, pp. 346-396. , 3rd ed. (Reinhold, New York); Case, F.H., Honeycutt, J.D., (1994) Trends Polym. Sci., 2, p. 259. , http://accelrys.com/resource-center/case-studies/archive/misc/misc.html, Available at; Chu, J.H., Rangarajan, P., Adams, J.L., Register, R.A., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 1569. , 10.1016/0032-3861(95)99001-B; Brandrup, J., Immergut, E.H., Grulke, E.A., (1999) Polymer Handbook, , 4th ed. (John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ); Lodge, T.P., Hanley, K.J., Pudil, B., Alahapperuma, V., (2003) Macromolecules, 36, p. 816. , 10.1021/ma0209601; Lodge, T.P., Pudil, B., Hanley, K.J., (2002) Macromolecules, 35, p. 4707. , 10.1021/ma0200975; Lai, C., Russel, W.B., Register, R.A., (2002) Macromolecules, 35, p. 841. , 10.1021/ma011696z},
correspondence_address1={Kihara, N.; Storage Materials and Devices Laboratory, , Kawasaki 212-5852, Japan; email: naoko.kihara@toshiba.co.jp},
issn={21662746},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saidoh201248,
author={Saidoh, N. and Takenaka, K. and Nishiyama, N. and Ishimaru, M. and Inoue, A.},
title={Surface and cross sectional nano-structure of prototype BPM prepared using imprinted glassy alloy thin film},
journal={Intermetallics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
pages={48-50},
doi={10.1016/j.intermet.2012.03.041},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865638190&doi=10.1016%2fj.intermet.2012.03.041&partnerID=40&md5=2274f91089e8f452906b4ffd432243fa},
affiliation={RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab, Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={In order to clarify detailed surface morphologies and cross sectional nano-structures of novel prototype bit-patterned-medias using nano-imprinted glassy alloy thin films, observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopes were carried out. By employing a focused ion beam milling with an extra low energy, the delicate and fragile structures of samples were successfully maintained and protected during sample preparations. The sequential observations of the preparation process reveal that Co/Pd multilayer is embedded into the imprinted glassy alloy thin film nano hole array with a hole diameter of 30 nm, and the embedded Co/Pd multilayer as acting magnetic recording dots is isolated each other. Using the obtained results, technological and productive feasibility of the prototype BPM as a next generation HDD with a data density above 2 Tbit/inch 2 is also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={A. Composite;  B. Surface properties;  C. Thin films;  G. Magnetic applications},
keywords={Co/Pd multilayers;  Data density;  Focused ion beam milling;  G. Magnetic applications;  Glassy alloys;  Hole diameter;  Low energies;  Nanohole arrays;  Preparation process;  Sample preparation;  Scanning and transmission electron microscopes, Alloys;  Cerium alloys;  Multilayers;  Nanostructures;  Transmission electron microscopy, Film preparation},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={Funding by “ New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)” and “ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry ” (METI) under “Technological Development of Innovative Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IRRR Trans Mag, 33, pp. 978-983; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl Phys Lett, 67, pp. 3114-3116; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., (2001) Appl Phys Lett, 78, pp. 784-786; Matsuda, H., Nagae, M., Morikawa, T., Nishio, K., (2006) Jpn J Appl Phys, 45, p. 406; Zeng, H., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., Liu, Y., Menon, L., (2000) J Appl Phys, 87, pp. 4718-4720; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, pp. 1983-1987; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Futamoto, M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2011) J Alloys Comp, 509, pp. 145-147; Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, pp. 1969-1972; Maesaka, A., Ohmori, H., (2002) IEEE Trans Mag, 38, pp. 2676-2678},
correspondence_address1={Saidoh, N.; RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcofsn@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={09669795},
coden={IERME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intermet},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Takenaka2012100,
author={Takenaka, K. and Saidoh, N. and Nishiyama, N. and Ishimaru, M. and Inoue, A.},
title={Novel soft-magnetic underlayer of a bit-patterned media using CoFe-based amorphous alloy thin film},
journal={Intermetallics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
pages={100-103},
doi={10.1016/j.intermet.2012.03.025},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865622952&doi=10.1016%2fj.intermet.2012.03.025&partnerID=40&md5=277d9686042aaaf8e8157917f5cedf61},
affiliation={RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab., Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={With the aim of applying to a soft-magnetic underlayer of the new type of bit-patterned media using nano-patterned glassy alloy thin film, (CoFe)-B-Si-Nb alloy thin films were deposited on a Si substrate by a DC magnetron sputtering method. The deposited thin films with the compositions of Co 77Fe 5B 15Si 2Nb 1 and Co 75Fe 5B 14Si 5Nb 1 were confirmed as a fully amorphous structure. The obtained Co 77Fe 5B 15Si 2Nb 1 amorphous alloy thin film containing lower metalloid content exhibits extremely smooth surface and good soft-magnetic properties such as high saturation flux density of 1.2 T, in-plane low coercivity of 36 A/m, nearly zero-magnetostriction of 4 × 10 -7 and high real part of permeability of 870 at 291 MHz, suggesting that the film is appropriate for the soft-magnetic underlayer. Moreover, a prototype bit-patterned media was prepared by utilizing the obtained thin film as a soft-magnetic underlayer. As a result of static tester measurements with a commercial perpendicular magnetic head, accurate information reading and writing on the prototype bit-patterned media were confirmed. It is therefore said that the Co 77Fe 5B 15Si 2Nb 1 amorphous alloy thin film is a candidate material for the soft-magnetic underlayer of the new type of bit-patterned media. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={A. Composites;  B. Magnetic properties;  C. Thin films;  G. Magnetic applications},
keywords={Amorphous alloy thin films;  Amorphous structures;  Bit-patterned media;  Candidate materials;  Dc magnetron sputtering;  G. Magnetic applications;  Glassy alloys;  Real part;  Saturation flux density;  Si substrates;  Smooth surface;  Static tester;  Underlayers, Amorphous alloys;  Amorphous silicon;  Cobalt;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Magnetostriction;  Niobium;  Niobium alloys;  Silicon, Thin films},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={Funding by “ New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) ” and “ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) ” under “Technological Development of Innovative Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is also gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Nakatani, I., Takahashi, T., Hijikata, M., Fukubayashi, T., Ozawa, K., Hanaoka, H., (1991), Japan patent 1888363, publication JP03-022211A; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togoshi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., Glassy alloy composites for information technology applications (2010) Intermetallics, 18, pp. 1983-1987; Fujimori, H., Kikuchi, M., Obi, Y., Masumoto, T., New Co-Fe amorphous alloys as soft magnetic materials (1976) Sci Rep Res Inst Tohoku Univ, 26, pp. 36-47; Amiya, K., Urata, A., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., Magnetic properties of (Fe, Co)-B-Si-Nb bulk glassy alloys with high glass-forming ability (2005) J Appl Phys, 97, pp. 10F913; Fujimori, H., Arai, K.I., Shirae, H., Saito, H., Masumoto, T., Tsuya, N., Magnetostriction of Fe-Co amorphous alloys (1976) J Appl Phys, 15, pp. 705-706; Amiya, K., Urata, A., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., Magnetic properties of Co-Fe-B-Si-Nb bulk glassy alloy with zero magnetostriction (2007) J Appl Phys, 101, pp. 09N112; Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., Thermal stability, mechanical properties and nano-imprint ability of Pd-Cu-Ni-P glassy alloy thin film (2010) Intermetallics, 18, pp. 1969-1972; Liao, J., Feng, Z., Qiu, J., Tong, Y., High-frequency permeability of sputtered Fe-Co-B-based soft magnetic thin films (2008) Phys Stat Sol (A), 205, pp. 2943-2947},
correspondence_address1={Takenaka, K.; RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab., , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcoftk@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={09669795},
coden={IERME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intermet},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Igarashi20123284,
author={Igarashi, M. and Watanabe, K. and Hirayama, Y. and Shiroishi, Y.},
title={Feasibility of bit patterned magnetic recording with microwave assistance over 5 tbitps},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={3284-3287},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2200882},
art_number={6332577},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867837869&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2200882&partnerID=40&md5=e3fa18281faa64822145e08f5c4ebbef},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan; Hitachi Ltd, Odawara, Kanagawa, 256-8510, Japan},
abstract={Microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) on bit-patterned media (BPM) with areal recording density over 5 Tbit/in 2 was investigated using micromagnetic simulation and an analytical method. It was found that a planar magnetic anisotropy material is indispensable for a narrow spin torque oscillator to obtain in-plane oscillation with the required frequency. It was also found that the MAMR on BPM with an areal recording density of 6.2 Tbit/in 2 can be obtained by superimposing the write magnetic field gradient from main pole and the effective assist field gradient from field generation layer. These head and media requirements are likely to be achieved by improving the present technology. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  micromagnetic simulation;  microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR);  planar magnetic anisotropy material;  spin torque oscillator (STO)},
keywords={Analytical method;  Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media;  Field gradient;  Magnetic field gradient;  Main poles;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Microwave assisted;  Spin torque, Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic recording, Microwave oscillators},
references={Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., Magnetic nanoparticle array with perpendicular crystal magnetic anisotropy (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (12), pp. 8327-8331; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031; Nozaki, Y., Microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in a Co/Pd multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 082505; Matsubara, M., Experimental feasibility of spin-torque oscillator with synthetic field generation layer for microwave assisted magnetic recording (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B741; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Ouchi, K., Write margin improvement in bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy at high areal densities (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 11-17. , Jan; Okamoto, S., Igarashi, M., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Microwave assisted switching mechanism and its stable switching limit (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 123914-123914; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Magnetization switching behavior with microwave assistance (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102506; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Miyamoto, H., Shiroishi, Y., Effective write field for microwave assisted magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 2507-2509. , Oct; Yoshida, K., Yokoe, M., Ishikawa, Y., Kanai, Y., Spin torque oscillator with negative magnetic anisotropy materials for MAMR (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 2466-2469. , Oct; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Sato, Y., Oscillation feature of FGL with planar magnet for MAMR (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 3738-3741. , Oct; Okamoto, S., Shinozaki, T., Yamashita, T., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Large magnetic anisotropy in epitaxially grown Fe/Co multilayer films (2009) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 33, pp. 451-454; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Miyamoto, H., Maruyama, Y., Shiroishi, Y., Mechanism of microwave assisted magnetic switching (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07B9071-07B9073; Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Media damping constant and performance characteristics in microwave assisted magnetic recording with circular ac field (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07B902; Zhu, J.-G., Wang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording utilizing perpendicular spin torque oscillator with switchable perpendicular electrodes (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 751-757. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Igarashi, M.; Central Research Laboratory, , Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan; email: masukazu.igarashi.qu@hitachi.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Supnithi20124606,
author={Supnithi, P. and Wiriya, W. and Phakphisut, W. and Puttarak, N.},
title={LDPC decoder using pattern-dependent modified llr for the bit patterned media storage with written-in errors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={4606-4609},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2194991},
art_number={6332943},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867834277&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2194991&partnerID=40&md5=a0d5850a46fdb359991fa2932e1e49d5},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={The written-in errors in bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system cause the erroneous bits during the writing process leading to the performance degradation. In this work, we propose the pattern-dependent modified log-likelihood ratio (LLR) usage in low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder to reduce the written-in errors and also improve the write margin. Unlike the existing works, LLR computed based on the input data patterns is used at the LDPC decoder for the cascaded written-in error channel (WEC) with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The proposed LDPC decoder outperforms the one with conventional LLR in terms of both the write margin, when the SNR is fixed at 5.5 dB, and the performance of LDPC decoder. The SNR gain is about 0.2 dB at the BER of 10 -6. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media recording;  Log-likelihood ratio;  Low-density parity-check codes;  Written-in errors},
keywords={Additive white Gaussian noise channel;  Bit-patterned media;  Erroneous bits;  Input datas;  LDPC decoder;  Log likelihood ratio;  Log-likelihood ratios;  Low density parity check;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Performance degradation;  SNR gains;  Write margin;  Writing process, Errors;  Lunar surface analysis;  Signal to noise ratio;  Turbo codes;  White noise, Decoding},
funding_details={Thailand Research FundThailand Research Fund, TRF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0002/2554). The authors would like to thank Prof. Y. Okamoto and Prof. Y. Nakamura for the introduction of the written-in error issue.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Xu, B., Yang, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Chong, T.C., Thermal effects in heat assisted bit patterned media recording (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (5), pp. 2292-2295. , May; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 tb/in recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34. , Jan; Nakamura, Y., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-paterned medium with write error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Nakamura, Y., A study on non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel (2009) Proc. 47th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing, pp. 620-627. , Sep; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Kurtas, E.M., Kuznetsov, A.V., Djurdjevic, I., System perspectives for the application of structured LDPC codes to data storage devices (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42 (2), pp. 200-207. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.861751; Hu, X.Y., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graph (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Supnithi, P.; Faculty of Engineering, , Bangkok, 10520, Thailand; email: ksupornc@kmitl.ac.th},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lille20122757,
author={Lille, J. and Ruiz, R. and Wan, L. and Gao, H. and Dhanda, A. and Zeltzer, G. and Arnoldussen, T. and Patel, K. and Tang, Y. and Kercher, D. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Integration of servo and high bit aspect ratio data patterns on nanoimprint templates for patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={2757-2760},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2192916},
art_number={6332819},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867832640&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2192916&partnerID=40&md5=fccbf81b9048c839dbeb012d5f080e8f},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Magnetic recording bit patterned media (BPM) stands as a promising technology to deliver thermally stable magnetic storage at densities beyond 1 Tb/in 2. High throughput BPM fabrication will be enabled by nanoimprint lithography which relies on a high-quality master template to be able to meet pattern fidelity and low defectivity specifications. Master template fabrication for BPM can be done by e-beam lithography alone or by e-beam directed self-assembly of block copolymers. Incorporating servo features in the fabrication of master templates brings numerous nanofabrication challenges that vary depending on which method is used. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of conventional servo features at 200 Gd/in 2 using e-beam lithography and we explore some nonconventional servo geometries that are compatible with self-assembly for BPM beyond 1 Td/in 2. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Nanoimprint lithography;  Patterned media;  Self-assembly;  Servo;  Template},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Defectivity;  Directed self-assembly;  e-Beam lithography;  High quality;  High throughput;  Nano-imprint;  Pattern fidelity;  Patterned medias;  Ratio data;  Template;  Template fabrication;  Thermally stable, Aspect ratio;  Block copolymers;  Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Self assembly;  Servomotors, Fabrication},
references={Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J., Nealey, P., (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Lille, J., Patel, K., Ruiz, R., Wu, T.-W., Gao, H., Wan, L., Zeltzer, G., Albrecht, T.R., Imprint lithography template technology for bit patternedmedia (BPM) (2011) SPIE Proc.: Photomask Technology, 8166; Hadjichristidis, N., Pispas, S., Floudas, G., Block copolymer morphology (2003) Block Copolymers: Synthetic Strategies Physical Properties and Applications, , Hoboken NJ: Wiley, ch. 19; Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Sundberg, L.K., Integration of polymer self-assembly for lithographic application (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692127; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., Precise control over molecular dimensions of block-copolymer domains using the interfacial energy of chemically nanopatterned substrates (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, pp. 1315-1319; Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., Block copolymers and conventional lithography (2006) Mater. Today, 9 (9), p. 20; Liu, G., Nealey, P.F., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Patel, K.C., Albrecht, T.R.J., (2011) Vac. Sci. Tech. B, 29 (6), pp. 06F204; Han, Y., De Callafon, R.A., Evaluation of track following servo performance of high density hard disk drives using patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 5352-5359; Che, X., Moon, K.-S., Tang, Y., Kim, N.-Y., Kim, S.-Y., Lee, H.J., Moneck, M., Takahashi, N., Study of lithographically defined data track and servo patterns (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (12), pp. 4106-4112. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.908279; US. Patent 8,000,048; Barrett, R.C., Klaassen, E.H., Albrecht, T.R., Jaquette, G.A., Eaton, J.H., Timing-based track-following servo for linear tape systems (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1872; Ruiz, R., Wan, L., Dobisz, E., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Zeltzer, G., Lille, J., Albrecht, T.R., Patterned media: Disk drive technology at the frontier of lithography Presentation, SPIE Lithography Conf., 2012. , San Jose, CA, Feb},
correspondence_address1={Lille, J.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: jeffrey.lille@hitachigst.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alink20124574,
author={Alink, L. and Groenland, J.P.J. and De Vries, J. and Abelmann, L.},
title={Determination of bit patterned media noise based on island perimeter fluctuations},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={4574-4577},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2201138},
art_number={6332635},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867829800&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2201138&partnerID=40&md5=1e6503ecb3a5b5ed7133fdb571058fc4},
affiliation={Transducers Science and Technology, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands},
abstract={We measured the fluctuation in shape of magnetic islands in bit patterned media fabricated by laser interference lithography. This fluctuation can be accurately described by a model based on a Fourier series expansion of the perimeter of the islands. The model can be easily linked to amplitude and jitter noise. We show that the amplitude and jitter noise are in principle correlated, and the jitter noise increases with increasing island area. The correlation is small for media prepared by laser interference lithography, but expected to gain importance for high density bit patterned media. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Channel modeling;  laser interference lithography;  magnetic bit patterned media;  media noise},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Channel modeling;  Fourier-series expansion;  High density;  Jitter noise;  Laser interference lithography;  Magnetic island;  Media noise;  Model-based OPC, Fourier series, Jitter},
funding_details={Ministerie van Economische ZakenMinisterie van Economische Zaken, EZ},
funding_details={Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO},
funding_details={Stichting voor de Technische WetenschappenStichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen, STW},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank M. Siekman and H. van Wolferen for technical assistance, M. Delalande for fabricating the BPM, and X. Shao for discussions. This research was supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, the applied science division of NWO, and the technology program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.},
references={White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Nair, S.K., Richard, M.H., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4 PART 1), pp. 1916-1918; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (11), pp. 3523-3526. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802787; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Tjhai, C.J., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low-density parity-check codes (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (10), pp. 3925-3929. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.903349; Haast, M.A.M., Schuurhuis, J.R., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Popma, T.J., Reversai mechanism of submicron patterned CoNi/Pt multilayers (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4 PART 1), pp. 1006-1008; Luttge, R., Van Wolferen, H.A.G.M., Abelmann, L., Laser interferometric nanolithography using a new positive chemical amplified resist (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2476-2480. , DOI 10.1116/1.2800328; Haykin, S.S., (1989) An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications., , Hoboken: Wiley},
correspondence_address1={Alink, L.; Transducers Science and Technology, , Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands; email: l.alink@utwente.nl},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi20123402,
author={Choi, C. and Noh, K. and Choi, D. and Khamwannah, J. and Liu, C.-H. and Hong, D. and Chen, L.-H. and Jin, S.},
title={Geometrically planar ion-implant patterned magnetic recording media using block copolymer aided gold nanoisland masks},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={3402-3405},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2204867},
art_number={6332774},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867806559&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2204867&partnerID=40&md5=57adfd2f70566c2c48b7ef27bc128279},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={We have developed patterned media via ion implantation using Au nano mask approach for local control of coercivity of magnetically hard [Co/Pd] n multilayer film. Au nano-islands produced through a di-block copolymer templated technique is used as the mask for ion implantation. The sputter deposited [Co\ 0.3\ nm/Pd\ 0.8\ nm]-8/Pd\ 3\ nm/Ta\ 3\ nm multilayer film having vertical magnetic anisotropy is coated with a diblock copolymer layer, two phase decomposed into vertically pored nanostructure, then chemically processed to nucleate gold nanoislands corresponding to the diblock copolymer nanostructures. Subsequent nitrogen (N) ion implantation, using these Au islands as implantation-blocking masks, allows a patterned penetration of implanted ions into unmasked portion of the [Co/Pd] n multilayer film, thus creating invisible but magnetically isolated bit island geometry while maintaining the overall flat configuration of the patterned media. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  nano-island},
keywords={Au islands;  Bit-patterned media;  Implanted ions;  Ion implant;  Local control;  Magnetic recording media;  Nano-islands;  Nanomasks;  Patterned medias;  Templated;  Two phase, Block copolymers;  Gold;  Gold coatings;  Ion implantation;  Multilayer films;  Nanostructures, Gold deposits},
funding_details={CMMI #0856674, R33-2008-000-10025-0},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of this work by the NSF-Nanomanufacturing Division under Grant CMMI #0856674, the Center for Magnetic Recording Research at UC San Diego, a National Research Foundation Grant through World Class University Program under Grant R33-2008-000-10025-0, and the Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology under the Grant Frontier R&D Program.},
references={Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3695; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (2), p. 990. , Feb; Klein, D.L., Roth, R., Lim, A.K.L., Alivisatos, A.P., McEuen, P.L., (1997) Nature, 389, p. 699; Simon, U., (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 1487; Joannopoulos, J.D., Villeneuve, P.R., Fan, S.H., (1997) Nature, 386, p. 143; Liu, X., Fu, L., Hong, S., Dravid, V.P., Mirkin, C.A., (2002) Adv. Mater., 14, p. 231; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys.D-Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (9), p. 1949. , Sep; Rahman, M.T., Shams, N.N., Wu, Y.-C., Lai, C.-H., Suess, D., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 132505; Luttge, R., (2009) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, p. 123001; Krauss, P.R., Chou, S.Y., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 3174; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (10), p. 2510. , Oct; Choi, C., Yoon, Y., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Talke, F.E., Jin, S., (2011) Microsyst. Technol., 17, p. 395; LeBoite, M.G., Traverse, A., Nevot, L., Pardo, B., Como, J., (1988) J.Mater. Res., 3, p. 1089; Kenji, S., Antony, A., Nobuhide, A., Tsutomum. Yusuke, T., Kanako, T., Tadashi, M., Tsutomu, N., Takuya, U., (2010) J.Appl.Phys., 107, p. 123910; Choi, C., Noh, K., Oh, Y., Kuru, C., Hong, D., Chen, L.-H., Liou, S.-H., Jin, S., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (11), p. 2532. , Nov; Park, H.J., Kang, M.G., Guo, L.J., (2009) ACS Nano., 3, p. 2601; Yun, S.H., Il Yoo, S., Jung, J.C., Zin, W.C., Sohn, B.H., (2006) Chem. Mater., 18, p. 5646},
correspondence_address1={Jin, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: jin@ucsd.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saga20123723,
author={Saga, H. and Shirahata, K. and Terashima, R. and Shimatsu, T. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Write margin measurement of bit patterned media with 20 nm dots},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={3723-3726},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2198796},
art_number={6332913},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867793480&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2198796&partnerID=40&md5=25593ea4c489ef48eb8fe86daa02a903},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) with 20 nm diameter dots and a 72 nm dot period were fabricated from hard/soft-stacked base media with a [Co/Pt]-super-lattice hard layer and a Co soft layer. The write margin of synchronous recording was evaluated using a static tester. All recorded dots were in single domain state, as expected from previous experiments. The write margin was about 50 nm, and there was a total margin loss almost corresponding to the dot diameter. According to an analysis of margin loss factors based on the slope recording model, the margin loss factors for compensating effect of multidomain dots decreased drastically. Therefore it was confirmed that the slope recording model well illustrated the recording process of small dots in single-domain states. The margin loss factor due to the dot position jitter was 17.7 nm p-p and became the dominant loss factor. The loss factor attributable to the switching field distribution also increased rapidly to 11.3 nm p-p and was the second largest loss factor. To secure a sufficient write margin for a robust recording system, suppression of these degradation factors in the BPM fabrication process is required. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Hard/soft-stacked;  Static tester;  Synchronous recording;  Write margin;  Write window},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Hard/soft-stacked;  Static tester;  Synchronous recording;  Write margin, Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials, Factor analysis},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japanese government, and of the Storage Research Consortium (SRC). The high-resolution electron beam lithography process has been carried out at the Laboratory for Na-noelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University. The authors would also like to express sincere gratitude to supportive companies for their great cooperation.},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 6673-6675. , Nov; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (15), pp. 2875-2877. , Oct; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , May; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Saga, H., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B721. , Mar; Saga, H., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 2528-2531. , Oct; Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C1031-07C1033. , Feb; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69 (21), pp. 3263-3265. , Nov; Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Aoi, H., (2009) J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 165, p. 012029},
correspondence_address1={Saga, H.; Central Research Laboratory Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; email: hideki.saga.vv@hitachi.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu20123406,
author={Xu, Q. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Bit patterned structure fabricated by Kr + ion irradiation onto MnBiCu films},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={3406-3409},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2198052},
art_number={6332781},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867788872&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2198052&partnerID=40&md5=ef22ae2d765df084af91885c354191cd},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Research, NISRI, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0819, Japan},
abstract={Mn 54Bi 24Cu 21 (15 nm) films with a perpendicular anisotropy were prepared by annealing the sputtered MnCu/Bi multilayer at a temperature of 350 C. The MnBiCu film had a rather flat surface of R-a= 1.1 nm, and uniform maze domain was observed before the ion irradiation. The magnetization and coercivity of the MnBiCu film were confirmed to disappear after a low Kr +ion dose of 5 × 10 13 ions/cm 2. Bit patterned media (BPM) using the MnBiCu (15 nm) films were fabricated by 30 kV Kr +ion irradiation through electron beam lithography-made resist masks. The surface of the ion-irradiation BPM was almost identical to that of the as-annealed film. The magnetization processes of the bit patterned media were investigated by magnetic force microscope observations after application of the magnetic field. The patterned MnBiCu bits with a size ranging from 500\,×\, 500 nm to 300\,×\, 300 nm have a multidomain state and their magnetization reversals undergo nucleations of the reversed domain and wall propagation. By decreasing the bit size of the patterned MnBiCu, the average switching field H sf of the bits was increased. This means that the exchange coupling between the patterned bits and the bit edge damage were negligibly small, and shows the possibility of high density ion irradiated planar bit patterned media. © 1965-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  ion irradiation;  MnBiCu thin film;  perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  switching field distribution (SFD)},
keywords={Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Edge-damage;  Flat surfaces;  High density;  Ion dose;  Magnetic force microscopes;  Multi domains;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Electron beam lithography;  Film preparation;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetization reversal;  Manganese;  Multilayer films, Copper},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23360153, 23656196, 24656229},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Mr. M. Kumazawa for assistance with the experiments. This work was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by e-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7), pp. 07C117; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Modification ofmagnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt films for planar bit patternedmedia (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (5), p. 053908; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Fabrication of L1 -CrPt alloy films using rapid thermal annealing for planar bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1671-1674. , Jun; Oshima, D., Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Observation of ferrinonmagnetic boundary in CrPt line-and-space patternedmedia using a dark-field transmission electron microscope (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321-324, pp. 1617-1621; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H.-S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large Kerr rotation in ordered CrPt films (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86 (6), pp. 3149-3151; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic anisotropy of MBE grown MnPt and CrPt ordered alloy films (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, pp. 778-779; Chen, D., Ready, J.F., Bernai, G.E., MnBi thin films: Physical properties and memory applications (1968) J. Appl. Phys., 39 (8), pp. 3916-3927; Katsui, A., Magnetic and magneto.optic properties of ferromagnetic MnCuBi thin films (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 3609; Xu, Q., Kanbara, R., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Control of magnetic properties of MnBi and MnBiCu thin films by Kr ion irradiation (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B906; Suits, J.C., Street, G.B., Lee, K., Goodenough, J.B., Crystallography, magnetism, and band structure of Mn Ni Bi-type compounds (1974) Phys. Rev. B, 10, pp. 120-127},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint20124590,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Off-track detection based on the readback signals in magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={4590-4593},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2204963},
art_number={6332945},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867787582&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2204963&partnerID=40&md5=00a767d10487c8f571ad31dce3ceda44},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Off-track condition in magnetic recording systems degrades the system performance. It is typically detected and adjusted by the servo control loop. In this work, we propose an off-track detection based on the readback signals and improve the bit error performance using an asymmetric target depending on the detected off-track direction. Specifically, we investigate the effects of off-track events on the target-shaping equalizer coefficients when the generalized partial-response target (GPR) is fixed. For a 3 × 3 channel matrix of bit patterned media recording (BPMR) system, the asymmetric targets offer the gain of about 1 to 2 dB at BER = 10 -4 for the TMR level of 20% to 25%. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D Interference;  Bit patterned media (BPM);  Target-shaping equalizer;  Track mis-registration (TMR)},
keywords={Bit-errors;  Bit-patterned media;  Channel matrices;  Equalizer coefficients;  Generalized partial-response targets;  Magnetic recording systems;  Servo control;  Track misregistration, Equalizers;  Signal detection, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={National Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Science and Technology Development Agency, สวทช},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_details={National Electronics and Computer Technology CenterNational Electronics and Computer Technology Center, NECTEC},
funding_text 1={This work is supported in part by College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkra-bang, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand.},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; He, L.N., Wang, Z.G., Liu, B., Mapps, D.J., Robinson, P., Clegg, W.W., Wilton, D.T., Nakamura, Y., Estimation of track misregistration by using dual-stripe magnetoresistive heads (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4 PART 2), pp. 2348-2355. , PII S0018946498047281; Chang, Y.-B., Park, D.-K., Park, N.-C., Park, Y.-P., Prediction of track misregistration due to disk flutter in hard disk drive (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (2), pp. 1441-1446. , DOI 10.1109/20.996050, PII S0018946402018927; Roh, B.G., Lee, S.U., Moon, J., Chen, Y., Single-head/single-track detection interfering tracks (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1830-1838. , Jul; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.914966, 4475331; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J., Mitigating the effects of track mis-registration in bit-patterned media (2008) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 1061-2065. , May; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Join-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Nabavi, S., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3527. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L.M.M.; School of Information Technology, , Pathum Thani, 12160, Thailand; email: ksupornc@kmitl.ac.th},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mate20124448,
author={Mate, C.M. and Ruiz, O.J. and Wang, R.-H. and Feliss, B. and Bian, X. and Wang, S.-L.},
title={Tribological challenges of flying recording heads over unplanarized patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={4448-4451},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2205226},
art_number={6332848},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867765567&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2205226&partnerID=40&md5=72971cb75f782ae4e12216ebdf690d76},
affiliation={HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; HGST, A Western Digital Company, San Jose, CA 95119, United States},
abstract={Here we evaluate some of the problems likely to be encountered for flying magnetic recording heads over unplanarized patterned media.We demonstrate: (i) current air bearing codes developed for flying heads over smooth disks can be extended to patterned surfaces; (ii) the method for detecting contact at the head-disk interfaces within disk drives will likely need to be more sensitive for unplanarized patterned media; and (iii) the disk lubricant is more likely to be picked up on a head slider surface when flying over patterned surfaces. While our experiments and simulations were carried for discrete track media (DTM), we also discuss the implications for future bit patterned media (BPM) technology programs and possible solutions to these tribological problems. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Head-disk interface;  Patterned media;  Tribology},
keywords={Air bearing;  Bit-patterned media;  Discrete track media;  Disk drive;  Flying heads;  Head disk interface;  Magnetic recording heads;  Patterned medias;  Patterned surface;  Recording head;  Technology programs, Bearings (machine parts);  Hard disk storage;  Nonvolatile storage, Tribology},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G.P., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat assistedmagnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T.C., Poon, C.C., Balamane, H., Boone, T.D., Katine, J.A., Li, J.L., Terris, B.D., Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb using an integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Nature Photon., 4, pp. 484-488. , Jul; Makino, T., Morohoshi, S., Taniguchi, S., Application of average flow model to thin film gas lubrication (1993) Journal of Tribology, 115 (1), pp. 185-190; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , Feb 1; Choi, C., Yoon, Y., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Talke, F.E., Jin, S., Planarization of patterned magnetic recording media to enable head flyability (2011) Microsyst. Technol.-Micro-Nanosys.-Inf. Storage Process. Syst., 17, pp. 395-402. , Mar; Toyoda, N., Hirota, T., Yamada, I., Yakushiji, H., Hinoue, T., Ono, T., Matsumoto, H., Fabrication of planarized discrete track media using gas cluster ion beams (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 1599-1602. , Jun; Li, L.P., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsyst. Technol.-Micro-Nanosys.-Inf. Storage Process. Syst., 17, pp. 805-812. , Jun; Hanchi, J., Sonda, P., Crone, R., Dynamic fly performance of air bearing sliders on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 46-50; Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Kobayashi, M., Slider dynamics over a discrete track medium with servo patterns (2011) Tribol. Lett., 42, pp. 233-239. , May; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2489-2491. , Oct; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 1967-1971. , Jul; Myo, K.S., Zhou, W.D., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Direct Monte Carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 2660-2663. , Oct; Murthy, A.N., Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned media (2010) Tribol. Lett., 38, pp. 47-55. , Apr; Knigge, B.E., Mate, C.M., Ruiz, O., Baumgart, P.M., Influence of contact potential on slider-disk spacing: Simulation and experiment (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 3165-3167. , Jul; Shiramatsu, T., Kurita, M., Miyake, K., Suk, M., Ohki, S., Tanaka, H., Saegusa, S., Drive integration of active flying-height control slider with micro thermal actuator (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2513-2515; Mate, C.M., Payne, R.N., Dai, Q., Ono, K., Nanoscale origins of dynamic friction in an asymmetric contact geometry (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, p. 216104. , Nov 24; Mate, C.M., Arnett, P.C., Baumgart, P., Dai, Q., Guruz, U.M., Knigge, B.E., Payne, R.N., Yen, B.K., Dynamics of contacting head-disk interfaces (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 3156-3158. , Jul; Marchon, B., Guo, X.C., Moser, A., Spool, A., Kroeker, R., Crimi, F., Lubricant dynamics on a slider: 'The waterfall effect' (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 074313; Mate, C.M., Marchon, B., Murthy, A.N., Kim, S.-H., Lubricant-induced spacing increases at slider-disk interfaces in disk drives (2010) Tribol. Lett., 37, pp. 581-590; Shimizu, Y., Xu, J.G., Kohira, H., Kurita, M., Shiramatsu, T., Furukawa, M., Nano-scale defect mapping on a magnetic disk surface using a contact sensor (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, pp. 3426-3432. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Mate, C.M.; HGST, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: mathew.mate@hgst.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20124602,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Bandai, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Turbo equalization effect for nonbinary LDPC code in BPM R/W channel},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={11},
pages={4602-4605},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2012.2194989},
art_number={6332861},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867757202&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2012.2194989&partnerID=40&md5=0696f7eb1117d9408516ebe5ecd564bd},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={It is expected for the nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system to introduce the turbo equalization in order to enhance the error correction ability in the bit-patterned medium (BPM) R/W channel. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the turbo equalization on the bit-error rate (BER) performance of nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system over Galois filed GF(2 8) in BPM R/W channel with write-error at an areal recording density of 2 Tbit/inch 2 considering the coding rate loss. The performance of turbo equalization using the nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system is evaluated by computer simulation, and it is compared to that without turbo equalization. The results show that the nonbinary LDPC and iterative decoding system with the turbo equalization has the larger write-margin compared to that without turbo equalization. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code;  Turbo equalization},
keywords={Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  Coding rate;  Correction ability;  LDPC coding;  Low density parity check;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Non-binary;  Non-binary LDPC codes;  Turbo equalizations, Computer simulation;  Error correction;  Forward error correction, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 21360188, 23560457, 2360457},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank Associate Prof. S. Greaves of Tohoku University, Assistant Prof. K. Miura of Tohoku University, and Prof. Y. Kanai of Niigata Institute of Technology for their helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan, under Grants-in-Aid and in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Gants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 21360188 and (C) 2360457.},
references={White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D., Low-density parity-check codes over GF(q) (1998) IEEE Commun. Lett., 2 (6), pp. 165-167. , Jun; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Jeon, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Binary SOVA and nonbinary LDPC codes for turbo equalization in magnetic recording channels (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2248-2251. , Jun; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-2429. , Nov; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2010) Digest of the PMRC 2010, , Sendai, Japan 18aE-9; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study on nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), pp. 3566-3569. , Oct; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write-error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 14 (1), pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'98, pp. 2694-2699. , Melbourne, Australia; Koch Wolfgang, Baier Alfred, Optimum and sub-optimum detection of coded data disturbed by time-varying intersymbol interference (1990) IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition, 3, pp. 1679-1684. , GLOBECOM '90; Wymeersch, H., Steendam, H., Moeneclaey, M., Log-domain decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q) (2004) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 772-776. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thiyagarajah2012,
author={Thiyagarajah, N. and Duan, H. and Song, D.L.Y. and Asbahi, M. and Huei Leong, S. and Yang, J.K.W. and Ng, V.},
title={Effect of inter-bit material on the performance of directly deposited bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2012},
volume={101},
number={15},
doi={10.1063/1.4758478},
art_number={152403},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867489632&doi=10.1063%2f1.4758478&partnerID=40&md5=20d8a8422379f53777a04eabf2983582},
affiliation={Information Storage Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117602, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={We evaluated the effects of inter-bit material on the switching performance of bit patterned media (BPM) fabricated by direct deposition of magnetic material onto pre-patterned substrates. We performed a controlled experiment to vary the sidewall thickness and symmetry in bits with nominally identical size and pitch. Thick, asymmetric sidewalls resulted in significant broadening of the switching field distribution to 14-20 compared to 10-11 for bits with thin, symmetric sidewalls. These differences were attributed to changes in the intrinsic properties and dipolar interactions as supported by micromagnetic simulations. Our results highlight the importance of controlling inter-bit material to achieve high-density BPM. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Controlled experiment;  Dipolar interaction;  Direct deposition;  Intrinsic property;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Switching field distribution;  Switching performance, Physical properties;  Physics, Magnetic materials},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr. Ramam Akkipeddi for the use of the electron-beam lithography and dual-beam FIB in IMRE through the SERC nano Fabrication Processing and Characterization (SnFPC) facility. This work was funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199. , 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 10.1063/1.2209179; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 31, p. 203. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077274; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3468-3471. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001791; Thiyagarajah, N., Huang, T., Chen, Y., Duan, H., Song, D.L.Y., Leong, S.H., Yang, J.K.W., Ng, V., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, p. 103906. , 10.1063/1.4714547; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), p. 385301. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501. , 10.1063/1.3013857; Liu, Y., Wang, R., Guo, X., Dai, J., (2007) Mater. Charact., 58 (7), pp. 666-669. , 10.1016/j.matchar.2006.07.016; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029. , 10.1116/1.2801881; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131. , 10.1063/1.2400102; Li, W.M., Yang, Y., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Shi, J.Z., Ding, J., (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324 (8), pp. 1575-1580. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.006; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (10), p. 103913. , 10.1063/1.3260240; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, p. 366. , 10.1016/S0927-0256(03)00119-8},
correspondence_address1={Ng, V.; Information Storage Materials Laboratory, , Singapore 117576, Singapore; email: elengv@nus.edu.sg},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi20121165,
author={Choi, C. and Noh, K. and Kuru, C. and Chen, L.-H. and Seong, T.-Y. and Jin, S.},
title={Fabrication of patterned magnetic nanomaterials for data storage media},
journal={JOM},
year={2012},
volume={64},
number={10},
pages={1165-1173},
doi={10.1007/s11837-012-0440-z},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868600865&doi=10.1007%2fs11837-012-0440-z&partnerID=40&md5=b97d4dfb6ce0250944ad0a992bb8cfe7},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0411, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0411, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Patterned media (PM) for magnetic information storage have received increased attention in recent years as the primary candidate for 1 Terabit/in 2 or higher recording density for computer hard disk drives. A PM consists of a periodic array of well-defined magnetic islands, each of which can store one bit of data. In the simplest scheme, the structures could be magnetic pillars and dots with a single easy axis of magnetization. The direction of detected magnetization by the read/write head is interpreted as a binary signal 1 or 0. Some of the main technical issues in the PM include the difficulty in fabricating small nanoisland arrays in a periodic fashion over large areas, reliability/ reproducibility of magnetic bit characteristics, as well as wear and head flyability issues associated with the media surface roughness, and processing cost. This article deals with a recent investigation of various fabrication approaches, nanostructural features, and magnetic properties for the bit PM. © 2012 TMS.},
keywords={Binary signals;  Data storage;  Easy axis of magnetization;  Flyability;  Hard Disk Drive;  Magnetic information storage;  Magnetic island;  Magnetic nanomaterials;  Nano-islands;  Nanostructural;  Patterned medias;  Periodic arrays;  Processing costs;  Recording density;  Reproducibilities;  Terabit, Hard disk storage;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization;  Surface roughness, Magnetic materials},
funding_details={R33-2008-000-10025-0},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing InnovationDivision of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation, CMMI, 0856674},
funding_text 1={The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of this work by NSF-Nanomanufacturing Division (CMMI #0856674), CMRR (Center for Magnetic Recording Research) at University of California-San Diego, National Research Foundation (NRF) Grant through World Class University Program (R33-2008-000-10025-0), CNMT Grant Frontier R&D Program, and the National Program for Tera-Level Nanodevices.},
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correspondence_address1={Choi, C.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093-0411, United States},
issn={10474838},
coden={JOMME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={JOM},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Moon2012,
author={Moon, W. and Im, S. and Kim, S. and Park, S.},
title={An iterative two-dimensional equalizer for bit patterned media based on contraction mapping},
journal={Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics},
year={2012},
doi={10.1109/ISCE.2012.6241734},
art_number={6241734},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2012 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, ISCE 2012 ; Conference Date: 4 June 2012 Through 6 June 2012;  Conference Code:92795},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866507643&doi=10.1109%2fISCE.2012.6241734&partnerID=40&md5=7346f0d2c52ae4378de293031c6d2328},
affiliation={TC Lab., School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Patterned media storage (PMS) is one of the promising technologies to overcome the limitations of the conventional magnetic recording. For a high areal density PMS, both inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI), and noise severely degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system. In this paper, we present a simple iterative two-dimensional equalizer, which is based on the contraction mapping theorem, to mitigate these adverse effects. The performance of the proposed equalizer is evaluated using computer simulations for various conditions. Simulation results suggest that the proposed equalizer is a good candidate for ultra-high capacity PMS with a moderate complexity. © 2012 IEEE.},
keywords={Adverse effect;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Contraction mapping theorem;  Contraction mappings;  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Moderate complexity;  Patterned medias;  Ultra-high, Consumer electronics;  Two dimensional, Equalizers},
references={Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Academic Press, Ch. 12; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Comp Euro '89 Conf. VLSI Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks, pp. 43-48; Kim, J., Lee, J., Partial response maximum likelihood detections using two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with two-dimensional equalizer for holographic data storage (2009) Jpn. J. Apl. Phys., 48 (3), pp. 03A033; Kudekar, S., Johnson, J.K., Chertkov, M., Linear Programming based Detectors for Two-Dimensional Intersymbol Interference Channels (2011) 2011 IEEE International Symposiom on Information Theory (ISIT), pp. 2999-3003; Naylor, A.W., Sell, G.R., (1982) Linear Operator Theory in Engineering and Science, , Springer-Verlag; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media Channels with Inter-Track Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-Track Interference Mitigation for Bit-Patterned Magnetic Recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Holtzman, J.M., (1970) Nonlinear System Theory, , Prentice-Hall, Inc., Ch.2},
correspondence_address1={Moon, W.; TC Lab., , Seoul, South Korea},
sponsors={PennState Harrisburg; Piezologic; Agilent Technologies; LeCroy; Picosecond Pulse Labs, The Technology Leader},
address={Harrisburg, PA},
issn={0747668X},
isbn={9781467313544},
coden={DTPEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Tech Pap IEEE Int Conf Consum Electron},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Eibagi2012,
author={Eibagi, N. and Kan, J.J. and Spada, F.E. and Fullerton, E.E.},
title={Role of dipolar interactions on the thermal stability of high-density bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2012},
volume={3},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2012.2211864},
art_number={6293936},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866045429&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2012.2211864&partnerID=40&md5=ea504d1823afd19979359f8345210f9f},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={We have characterized the magnetic reversal and thermal stability of bit-patterned media with a composite structure of [Co (0.25nm)/Pd (0.7nm)] 5 /Fe(X)/[Pd (0.7nm)/Co (0.25nm)] 5, where X = 1, 1.5, and 2nm. For 25nm diameter islands separated by 35nm, the average thermal stability of the islands is confirmed by analyzing the time-dependent coercive fields. However, by further analyzing the time-dependent hysteresis loop shape, we find a broad distribution of the effective energy barriers. We quantitatively show that this energy barrier distribution arises primarily from the dipolar interactions in these densely packed arrays and not from intrinsic distributions. © 2010-2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  composite structures;  dipolar interactions;  energy barrier;  Information storage},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Coercive field;  Dipolar interaction;  Effective energy;  Energy barrier distribution;  Magnetic reversal;  Packed arrays;  Time-dependent, Composite structures;  Data storage equipment;  Energy barriers;  Magnetic materials;  Structure (composition), Thermodynamic stability},
funding_details={DE-SC0003678},
funding_text 1={We would like to acknowledge financial support of the sponsors of the Center for Magnetic Recording Research. N. Eibagi and E. E. Fullerton were partially supported by DOE-BES Award DE-SC0003678. We gratefully acknowledge collaborations with the Toshiba R&D Center on this research.},
references={Berger, A., Xu, Y., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., AH(M, AM) method for the determination of intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3178-3180. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855285; Bertram, H.N., Lengsfield, B., Energy barriers in composite media grains (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2145-2147. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892852; De Witte, A.M., El-Hilo, M., O'Grady, K., Chantrell, R.W., Sweep rate measurements of coercivity in particulate recording media (1993) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 120, pp. 184-186. , doi: 10.1016/0304-8853(93)91316-Y; Engel, B.N., Akerman, J., Butcher, B., Dave, R.W., Deherrera, M., Durlam, M., Grynkewich, G., Tehrani, S., A 4-Mb toggle MRAM based on a novel bit and switching method (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (1), pp. 132-136. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2004.840847; Gallagher, W., Parkin, S.S.P., Development of the magnetic tunnel junction MRAM at IBM: From first junctions to a 16-Mb MRAM demonstrator chip (2006) IBM J. Res. and Dev., 50, pp. 5-23. , doi: 10.1147/rd.501.0005; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , doi: 10.1063/1.2730744; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Risner-Jamtgaard, E.J.D., Yaney, D., Terri, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 232505. , doi: 10.1063/1.3271679; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., Bit Patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magntic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , doi: 10.1063/1.3293301; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2007.902970; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livhitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Reversal in bit patterned media with vertical and lateral exchange (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 18-25. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2089610; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livhitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Anti-ferromagnetically coupled capped bit patterned media for high density magnetic recording (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 012513. , doi: 10.1063/1.3532839; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albercht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157-R167. , doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/35/19/201; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Deng, S.Z., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Wong, S.K., Chong, C.T., Antiferromagnetically coupled pmedia and control of switching field distribution (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1787-1790. , doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043226; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., Relationships between high density recording performance and particle coercivity distribution (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, pp. 4975-4977. , doi: 10.1109/20.278712; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222. , doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Tudosa, I., Lubarda, M.V., Chan, K.T., Escobar, M.A., Lomakin, V., Fullerton, E.E., Thermal stability of patterned Co/Pd nanodot arrays (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, p. 102401. , doi: 10.1063/1.3692574; Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J., Fabrication of FePt type exchange coupled composite bit-patterned media by block copolymer lithography (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B754. , doi: 10.1063/1.3562453},
correspondence_address1={Eibagi, N.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: neibagi@gmail.com},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wada2012699,
author={Wada, H.},
title={Challenges to be applied for next generation CMOS and HDD device manufacturing with jet and flash imprint lithography},
journal={Kobunshi},
year={2012},
volume={61},
number={9},
pages={699-700},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876117746&partnerID=40&md5=a6bc61dc5435bb84d463849f0dbe4616},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc., Japan},
abstract={Molecular Imprints, Inc. is a technology spin-off company from the research activities at University of Texas for both chemical and mechanical engineering to provide the low cost lithography solution by UV nano-imprinting based on the advantages of it's unique technical features. The technology is called Jet and Flash Imprint lithography (J-FIL®) which is occasionally emphasized by the resist dispense method with inkjet dispensing technique. J-FIL® can realize, in addition to the high resolution, low detectivity, high throughput, and uniform thickness control by the sophisticated system design and control, together with the appropriately designed imprint resist. Targeting to achieve the adoption for CMOS volume manufacturing in 2013, Molecular Imprints had been working with several partners known as the leading companies in the industry to realize the required capabilities. The other major market is the HDD for bit patterned media to realize the high density recording over 1.5 TB/in2. Less than 10 nm patterning had already been demonstrated. © 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  CMOS volume manufacturing;  High throughput;  J-FIL®;  Low cost;  Low detectivity;  Thickness uniformity},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Detectivity;  High throughput;  Low costs;  Thickness uniformity;  Volume manufacturing, Industry;  Manufacture;  Molecular modeling;  Throughput, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proceedings of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, 3676, p. 379; Wada, H., (2011) SEMI Technical Seminar, , December; Mellier-Smith, M., (2012) SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, , March},
correspondence_address1={Wada, H.; Molecular Imprints, Inc.Japan; email: hwada@molecularimprints.com},
issn={04541138},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={Kobunshi},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20121567,
author={Li, L. and Song, W. and Zhang, C. and Ovcharenko, A. and Zhang, G. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Investigation of thermo-mechanical contact between slider and bit patterned media},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2012},
volume={18},
number={9-10},
pages={1567-1574},
doi={10.1007/s00542-012-1593-y},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867333673&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-012-1593-y&partnerID=40&md5=5c7d343853d8e4bb2a238233fc121728},
affiliation={Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, United States},
abstract={Contact between a slider and bit patterned media (BPM) is investigated using finite element analysis. The effect of contact conditions and material properties at the interface between slider and disk on plastic deformation and temperature is studied. In addition, the planarization of bit pattern media on temperature and plastic deformation is investigated for different filler materials. It is found that filler material results in reduction of plastic deformation and temperature. © Springer-Verlag 2012.},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Contact conditions;  Filler materials;  Material property;  Planarization;  Thermo-mechanical, Fillers;  Finite element method;  Plastic deformation, Interfaces (materials)},
references={Blok, H., Theoretical study of temperature rise at surfaces of actual contact under oiliness lubricating conditions. In (1937) Proceedings of the institute of mechanical engineers general discussion of lubrication UK, 2, pp. 222-235; Gong, Z.Q., Komvopoulos, K., Mechanical and thermo-mechanical elastic-plastic contact analysis of layered media with patterned surfaces (2004) ASME J Tribol, 126, pp. 9-17; Johnson, K.L., (1985) Contact Mechanics, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Kral, E.R., Komvopoulos, K., Three-dimensional finite element analysis of subsurface stress and strain fields due to sliding contact on an elastic-plastic layered medium (1997) ASME J Tribol, 119, pp. 332-341; Lee, S.C., Hong, S.Y., Kim, N.Y., Feber, J., Che, X., Strom, B.D., Stress induced permanent magnetic signal degradation of perpendicular magnetic recording system (2009) ASME J Tribol, 131, pp. 1-6; Li, H., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans Magn, 45 (11), pp. 4984-4989; Li, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Finite element simulation of static contact of a slider with patterned media (2010) J Adv Mech Des Syst Manuf, 4 (1), pp. 42-48; Liew, T., Wu, S.W., Chow, S.K., Lim, C.T., Surface and subsurface damages and magnetic recording pattern degradation induced by indentation and scratching (2000) Tribol Int, 33, pp. 611-621; Liu, B., Ma, Y., Visualization and characterization of slider-disk interactions in dynamic load/unload process (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39, pp. 743-748; Liu, B., Man, Y.J., Yuan, Z.M., Zhu, L., Wang, J.W., Slider-disk impact and impact induced data erasure in high density magnetic recording systems (2000) IEICE Trans Electron, 83, pp. 1539-1545; Nunez, E.E., Yeo, C.D., Katta, R.R., Polycarpou, A.A., Effect of planarization on the contact behavior of patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3667-3670; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Simulation of magnetic erasure due to transient slider-disk contacts (2010) IEEE Trans Magn, 46 (3), pp. 770-777; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Effect of impact conditions and slider corner radius on the thermal-mechanical response during slider-disk contacts (2010) IEEE Trans Magn, 46 (10), pp. 3760-3766; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Transient slider-disk contacts in the presence of spherical contamination particles (2011) Microsyst Technol, 17, pp. 743-747; Ovcharenko, A., Yang, M., Chun, K., Talke, F.E., Transient thermomechanical contact of an impacting sphere on a moving flat (2011) ASME J Tribol, 133 (3), p. 031404; Shen, S., Liu, B., Yu, S., Du, H., Mechanical performance study of pattern media-based head-disk systems (2009) IEEE Trans Magn, 45 (11), pp. 5002-5005; Suk, M., Gillis, D., Effect of slider burnish on disk damage during dynamic load/unload (1998) ASME J Tribol, 120, pp. 332-338; Tian, X., Kennedy, F.E., Maximum and average flash temperatures in sliding contacts (1994) ASME J Tribol, 116, pp. 167-174; Whang, S.H., Feng, Q., Gao, Y.Q., Ordering, deformation and microstructure in L10 type FePt (1998) Acta Mater, 46 (18), pp. 6485-6495; Xu, B., Yang, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Chong, T.C., Thermal effects in heat assisted bit patterned media recording (2009) IEEE Trans Magn, 45 (5), pp. 2292-2295; Ye, N., Komvopoulos, K., Three-dimensional finite element analysis of elastic-plastic layered media under thermo-mechanical surface loading (2003) ASME J Tribol, 125, pp. 52-59; Young, Y., (2010) Nano-Tribology of Discrete Track Recording Media, , Dissertation, University of California, San Diego; Yu, N., Polycarpou, A.A., Hanchi, J.V., Elastic contact mechanicsbased contact and flash temperature analysis of impact-induced head disk interface damage (2008) Microsyst Technol, 14, pp. 215-227},
correspondence_address1={Li, L.; Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; email: longqiuli@gmail.com},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukui20121633,
author={Fukui, S. and Sato, A. and Matsuoka, H.},
title={Static and dynamic flying characteristics of a slider on bit-patterned media (dynamic responses based on frequency domain analysis)},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2012},
volume={18},
number={9-10},
pages={1633-1643},
doi={10.1007/s00542-012-1601-2},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867331199&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-012-1601-2&partnerID=40&md5=e904d56347d3d80909f8d80a4eb1a1b5},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Minami, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan},
abstract={Recording media with grooves, such as discrete track media (DTM) and bit-patterned media (BPM), are considered to be promising media for achieving ultrahigh recording densities. It is thus important to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of flying head sliders on DTM and BPM using the molecular gas film lubrication equation and the van der Waals (vdW) equation. In this study, we consider BPM with rectangular bits. We express the disk recess as a Fourier series and determine the quasi-static and time-dependent components. We also develop a perturbation method for small groove depths for calculating static slider attitudes and dynamic responses in the frequency domain. The numerical results predict that the grooves will significantly reduce the quasi-static flying height h0. They also predict that for a small groove depth hgroove, flying height decrease Dh0 almost agree with the value of uniform disk recess obtained by a Fourier series expansion, which also agrees with empirical results. Dynamic slider characteristics obtained by the frequency domain analysis is useful for sliders suffering from excitations of several tens of kHz such as sliders flying at transition between data zone and servo zone, although the dynamic spacing fluctuation by realistic BPM media is negligible. © Springer-Verlag 2012.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Discrete track media;  Flying head slider;  Flying heights;  Fourier-series expansion;  Frequency domains;  Groove depth;  Molecular gas film lubrications;  Numerical results;  Perturbation method;  Quasi-static;  Recording media;  Static and dynamic;  Time-dependent;  Ultra-high recording;  Van der waals, Dynamic response;  Fourier series;  Frequency domain analysis;  Van der Waals forces, Temperature control},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 22360071, 22560143},
references={Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst Technol, 13, pp. 1023-1030; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track recording head/disk interface (2009) Trans ASME J Tribol, 131, pp. 0120011-0120017. , doi:10.1115/1.2991166; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized Boltzmann equation: First report-derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) Trans ASME J Tribol, 110, pp. 253-262; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., A database for interpolation of Poiseuille flow rates for high knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) Trans ASME J Tribol, 112, pp. 78-83; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Dynamic analysis of flying head sliders with ultra-thin spacing based on the Boltzmann equation (comparison with two limiting approximations (1990) JSME Int J Ser III, 33, pp. 76-82; Fukui, S., Matsui, H., Yamane, K., Matsuoka, H., Dynamic characteristics of flying head slider with ultra thin spacing (CIP method and linearized method (2005) Microsyst Technol, 11, pp. 812-818; Fukui, S., Kanamaru, T., Matsuoka, H., Dynamic analysis schemes for flying head sliders over discrete track media (2008) IEEE Trans Mag, 44, pp. 3671-3674; Israelachvili, J.N., (1992) Intermolecular and Surface Forces 2nd Edn, , Academic Press Dublin; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned medium with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans Mag, 44, pp. 3656-3662; Li, L., Bogy, D.B., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives (2011) Microsyst Technol, 17 (5-7), pp. 805-812. , doi101007/s00542-010-1191-1199; Li, H., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans Mag, 45, pp. 4984-4989; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) Trans ASME J Tribol, 129, pp. 712-719; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol Lett, 33, pp. 199-204; Li, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Slider flying characteristics over bit patterned media using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (2010) J Adv Mech Des Syst Manuf, 4, pp. 49-55; Matsuoka, H., Ohkubo, S., Fukui, S., Corrected expression of the van der Waals pressure for multilayered system with application to analyses of static characteristics of flying head sliders with an ultrasmall spacing (2004) Microsyst Technol, 11, pp. 824-829; Murthy, A.N., Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned media (2010) Tribol Lett, 38, pp. 47-55; Myo, K.S., Zhou, W., Yu, S., Hua, W., Direct Monte Carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media (2012) IEEE Trans Mag, 47 (10), pp. 2660-2663; Ono, K., Dynamic characteristics of air-lubricated slider bearing for noncontact magnetic recording (1975) Trans ASME J Lubr Tech, 97, pp. 250-258; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D.B., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) Trans ASME J Tribol, 124, pp. 568-574; Tagawa, N., Mori, A., Thin film gas lubrication characteristics of flying head slider bearings over patterned media in hard disk drives (2003) Microsyst Technol, 9, pp. 362-368; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C.J., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans Mag, 41, pp. 670-675},
correspondence_address1={Fukui, S.; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 4-101 Minami, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; email: fukui@damp.tottori-u.ac.jp},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McCallum2012,
author={McCallum, A.T. and Kercher, D. and Lille, J. and Weller, D. and Hellwig, O.},
title={Prevention of dewetting during annealing of FePt films for bit patterned media applications},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2012},
volume={101},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/1.4748162},
art_number={092402},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865847060&doi=10.1063%2f1.4748162&partnerID=40&md5=67949fae1cb96727040483b35e672c85},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, HGST, A Western Digital Company, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={We investigated different fabrication methods for (002) textured high anisotropy L1 0-FePt thin continuous films. While depositing at elevated temperature or post-annealing yields discontinuous or very rough films unsuitable for bit patterned media (BPM) fabrication, post-annealing with an additional SiO 2 cap layer results in smooth continuous L1 0-FePt thin films that can be used for patterning. The SiO 2 layer can be removed after annealing without significantly damaging the FePt, thus allowing additional deposition of lower anisotropy layers for forming exchange coupled composite or other layered BPM structures. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Cap layers;  Continuous films;  De-wetting;  Elevated temperature;  Exchange coupled;  Fabrication method;  FePt films;  FePt thin films;  High anisotropy;  Post annealing, Anisotropy;  Annealing;  Deposition, Nanocomposite films},
references={Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 242503. , 10.1063/1.3599573; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 073908. , 10.1063/1.3646550; Shimatsu, T., Inaba, Y., Kataoka, H., Sayama, J., Aoi, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B726. , 10.1063/1.3556697; Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 4313. , 10.1063/1.1580994; Brombacher, C., Grobis, M., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Eriksson, T., Werner, T., Hellwig, O., Albrecht, M., (2012) Nanotechnology, 23, p. 025301. , 10.1088/0957-4484/23/2/025301; Wang, H., Li, W., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Ding, J., Chen, Y., Wang, J.-P., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B914. , 10.1063/1.3677793; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, D.J., FePt nanodot arrays with perpendicular easy axis, large coercivity, and extremely high density (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (17), p. 172508. , DOI 10.1063/1.2802038; Kurth, F., Weisheit, M., Leistner, K., Gemming, T., Holzapfel, B., Schultz, L., Fähler, S., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 184404. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184404; Liu, Y., George, T.A., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 172504. , 10.1063/1.3656038; Tsuji, Y., Noda, S., Nakamura, S., (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 29, p. 031801. , 10.1116/1.3575155; Zhang, L., Takahashi, Y.K., Perumal, A., Hono, K., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 2658. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.04.003; Mosendz, O., Pisana, S., Reiner, J.W., Stipe, B., Weller, D., (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 111, pp. 07B729. , 10.1063/1.3680543; Hamrle, J., Ferre, J., Nvlt, M., Viovsky, ., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 224423. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224423; Only a lower bound can be put on the K u because this sample could not be saturated in-plane with the 9 T field available; Yang, E., Laughlin, D.E., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 023904. , 10.1063/1.2956691; Feng, L.-W., Chang, C.-Y., Chang, Y.-F., Chang, T.-C., Wang, S.-Y., Chen, S.-C., Lin, C.-C., Chiang, P.-W., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 222108. , 10.1063/1.3428777; Mei, J.K., Yuan, F.T., Liao, W.M., Yao, Y.D., Lin, H.M., Lee, H.Y., Hsu, J.H., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07A737. , 10.1063/1.3564950; Hauet, T., Florez, S., Margulies, D., Ikeda, Y., Lengsfield, B., Supper, N., Takano, K., Terris, B.D., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 222507. , 10.1063/1.3270535; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Parkin, S.S.P., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 3598. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3598; Tobari, K., Ohtake, M., Nagano, K., Futamoto, M., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, p. 073001. , 10.1143/JJAP.50.073001},
correspondence_address1={McCallum, A.T.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sasao201227,
author={Sasao, N. and Yamamoto, R. and Kihara, N. and Shimada, T. and Yuzawa, A. and Okino, T. and Ootera, Y. and Kawamonzen, Y. and Hieda, H. and Maeda, T. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Influence of solvent vapor Atmospheres to the self-assembly of poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane)},
journal={Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology},
year={2012},
volume={25},
number={1},
pages={27-32},
doi={10.2494/photopolymer.25.27},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864422229&doi=10.2494%2fphotopolymer.25.27&partnerID=40&md5=fd8a9f01f1f20ed8b2b4c088b3fb117c},
affiliation={Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Self-assembly process of poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) was investigated by using the solvent-annealing with acetone, hexane and dimethylforamide (DMF) vapor. Solvent-annealing with hexane vapor yielded a mixture of cylindrical and spherical microdomains. Acetone and DMF vapors yielded well-oriented arrays of PDMS sphere dots with 17 nm in pitch. Voronoi analysis was applied to these self-assembled patterns and revealed that the quality of the ordering of acetone and DMF were 92% and 99%, respectively. DMF was a superior solvent for self-assembly of PS-b-PDMS for the application to the bit-patterned magnetic recording media (BPM). Self-assembled dot pattern with 12 nm-pitch, which is equivalent to 5 Tb/in 2, is also demonstrated with N-methylpyrrolidone solvent vapor annealing. One of the important factors to align the PDMS sphere dots of the PS-b-PDMS by solvent-annealing is the miscibility of the solvent to the majority polymer. © 2012 CPST.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned-media;  Block copolymer;  Morphology;  Poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane);  Self-assembly;  Solubility parameters;  Solvent-annealing},
references={Kitano, H., Asakawa, S., Inoue, T., Cheng, F., Takenaka, M., Hasegawa, H., Yoshida, H., Nagano, H., (2007) Langmuir, 23, p. 6404; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2007) Nano Lett, 7, p. 2046; Jung, Y.S., Chang, J.B., Verploegen, E., Berggren, K.K., Ross, C.A., (2010) Nano Lett, 10, p. 1000; Asakawa, K., Hiraoka, T., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Naito, K., Photopolym, J., (2002) Sci. Technol, 15, p. 465; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Vac, J., (2008) Sci. Technol, 26 B (6), p. 2604; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D.K., (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1844; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., (2009) Adv. Mater, 21, p. 1; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96, p. 052511; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), p. 2255; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn, 47 (1), p. 51; Jung, Y.S., Jung, W.C., Tuller, H.L., Ross, C.A., (2008) Nano Lett, 8, p. 3776; Paik, M.Y., Bosworth, J.K., Smilges, D.M., Schwartz, E.L., Andre, X., Ober, C.K., (2010) Macromolecules, 43, p. 4253; Rodwogin, M.D., Spanjers, C.S., Leighton, C., Hillmyer, M.A., (2010) ACS NANO, 4, p. 725; Son, J.G., Hannon, A.F., Gotrik, K.W., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., (2011) Adv. Mater, 23, p. 634; Chu, J.H., Rangarajan, P., Adamas, J.L.M., Register, R.A., (1995), 36 (8), p. 1569; Nose, T., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 2243; Jeong, J.W., Parek, W.I., Kim, M.J., Ross, C.A., Jung, Y.S., (2011) Nano Lett, 11, p. 4095; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2009) Small, 14, p. 1654; Wang, Q., Yang, J., Yao, W., Wang, K., Du, R., Zhang, Q., Chen, F., Fu, Q., (2010) Applied Surface Science, 256, p. 5843; Son, J.G., Chang, J.B., Berggren, K.K., Ross, C.A., (2011) Nano Lett, 11, p. 5079; Yun, S.H., Yoo, S.I., Jung, J.C., Zin, W.C., Sohn, B.H., (2006) Chem. Mater, 18, p. 5646; Okino, T., Shimada, T., Yuzawa, A., Yamamoto, R., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hosaka, S., (2012) Proc. SPIE, 8323, p. 83230},
correspondence_address1={Sasao, N.; Corporate Research and Development Center, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan},
issn={09149244},
coden={JSTEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Photopolym. sci. tech.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukuda2012,
author={Fukuda, Y. and Saotome, Y. and Nishiyama, N. and Saidoh, N. and Makabe, E. and Inoue, A.},
title={Fabrication of molds with 25-nm dot-pitch pattern by focused ion beam and reactive ion etching for nanoimprint using metallic glass},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={51},
number={8 PART 1},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.51.086702},
art_number={086702},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864713627&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.51.086702&partnerID=40&md5=90952b9061c33f5305aaf83fa23f5452},
affiliation={BMG Co., Ltd., Sendai 983-0036, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Kansai Center, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; RIMCOF Tohoku University Laboratory, Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Here we attempted to fabricate molds (dies) of nanodot arrays with a 25-nm pitch and to nanoimprint metallic glass for developing bit-patterned media with an ultrahigh recording density of 1 Tbit/in.2. The mold-fabricating process consisted of mask patterning by focused ion beam assisted chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) and reactive ion etching (RIE). We investigated the feasibility of a Pt-deposited metal etching mask on SiO2 on Si and diamond like carbon (DLC) on Al 2O 3 substrates, and achieved isolated convex nanodot arrays with a 25-nm pitch and an aspect ratio of 1.8 by RIE with O2 plasma on a DLC/Al 2O 3 substrate. Subsequently, we nanoimprinted Pt-based metallic glass by using the fabricated molds and successfully replicated fine concave nanohole arrays. The results suggest that the FIB-CVD/RIE process is a promising technique for fabricating ultrafine nanopatterned molds, and metallic glasses are ideal nanoimprintable materials for mass producing nanodevices such as bit-patterned media. © 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Diamond like carbon;  FIB-CVD;  Focused ion-beam assisted chemical vapor depositions;  Mask patterning;  Metal etching;  Nano-devices;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nano-imprint;  Nanohole arrays;  Ultra-high recording;  Ultrafine, Aspect ratio;  Chemical vapor deposition;  Focused ion beams;  Molds;  Nanostructured materials;  Platinum;  Reactive ion etching;  Silica;  Substrates, Metallic glass},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23656448},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans Magn., 38, p. 1949; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1, p. 29; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4129; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Microelectron. Eng., 85, p. 774; Wi, J., Lee, H., Lim, K., Nam, S., Kim, H., Park, S., Lee, J.J., Kim, K., (2008) Small, 4, p. 2118; Solak, H.H., Ekinci, Y., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2123; Saotome, Y., Okaniwa, S., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., (2007) Mater. Sci. Forum, 539-543, p. 2088; Chekurov, N., Grigoras, K., Peltonen, A., Franssila, S., Tittonen, I., (2009) Nanotechnology 20, p. 065307; Berry, I.L., Caviglia, A.L., (1983) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 1, p. 1059; Fukuda, Y., Saotome, Y., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., (2011) Mater. Trans., 52, p. 239; Matsui, S., Kaito, T., Fujita, J., Komuro, M., Kanda, K., Haruyama, Y., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18, p. 3181; Reyntjens, S., Puers, R., (2001) J. Micromech. Microeng., 11, p. 287; Saotome, Y., Imai, K., Shioda, S., Shimizu, S., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2002) Intermetallics, 10, p. 1241; Kumar, G., Tang, H.X., Schroers, J., (2009) Nature, 457, p. 868; Inoue, A., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 279; Saotome, Y., Fukuda, Y., Yamaguchi, I., Inoue, A., (2007) J. Alloys Compd., 434-435, p. 97; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1983; Notargiacomo, A., Giovine, E., Di Gaspare, L., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 2710; Chen, P., Alkemade, P.F.A., Salemink, H.W.M., (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 5123; Ziegler, J.F., (2004) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 219-220, p. 1027; Nakamatsu, K., Yamada, N., Kanda, K., Haruyama, Y., Matsui, S., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, pp. L954; Komatsu, Y., Alanazi, A., Hirakuri, K.K., (1999) Diamond Relat. Mater., 8, p. 2018; Kato, H., Wada, T., Hasegawa, M., Saida, J., Inoue, A., Chen, H., (2006) Scr. Mater., 54, p. 2023},
correspondence_address1={Fukuda, Y.; BMG Co., Ltd., Sendai 983-0036, Japan; email: y_fukuda@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Amos2012,
author={Amos, N. and Butler, J. and Lee, B. and Shachar, M.H. and Hu, B. and Tian, Y. and Hong, J. and Garcia, D. and Ikkawi, R.M. and Haddon, R.C. and Litvinov, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Multilevel-3D bit patterned magnetic media with 8 signal levels per nanocolumn},
journal={PLoS ONE},
year={2012},
volume={7},
number={7},
doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0040134},
art_number={e40134},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863648393&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0040134&partnerID=40&md5=1a60d0a245276bb3fb0174b579af0030},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States},
abstract={This letter presents an experimental study that shows that a 3rd physical dimension may be used to further increase information packing density in magnetic storage devices. We demonstrate the feasibility of at least quadrupling the magnetic states of magnetic-based data storage devices by recording and reading information from nanopillars with three magnetically-decoupled layers. Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy and magnetic force microscopy analysis show that both continuous (thin film) and patterned triple-stack magnetic media can generate eight magnetically-stable states. This is in comparison to only two states in conventional magnetic recording. Our work further reveals that ferromagnetic interaction between magnetic layers can be reduced by combining Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayers media. Finally, we are showing for the first time an MFM image of multilevel-3D bit patterned media with 8 discrete signal levels. © 2012 Amos et al.},
keywords={cobalt;  palladium;  platinum, article;  data storage device;  ferromagnetic interaction;  film;  information processing;  magnetic based data storage device;  magnetic field;  magnetic force microscopy;  magnetism;  magnetooptical Kerr effect microscopy;  microscopy, Communications Media;  Magnetics;  Microscopy, Atomic Force;  Nanostructures;  Pattern Recognition, Automated;  Rotation;  Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; platinum, 7440-06-4},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={Directorate for EngineeringDirectorate for Engineering, ENG, 0824019},
references={Dieter, W., Mary, F.D., Extremely high-density longitudinal magnetic recording media (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci, 30, pp. 611-644; Gerardo, A.B., Sudhir, M., Bo, B., Jackie, T., Michael, A., Longitudinal Magnetic Media Designs for 60-200 Gb/in2 Recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Mag., 39 (2), pp. 651-656; Hans, J.R., Richard, M.B., Jason, L.P., Linear Density Dependence of Thermal Decay in Longitudinal Recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Mag, 38, pp. 260-270; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 102, p. 011301; William, A.C., Chubing, P., Amit, V.I., Darren, K., Wei, P., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nature Photonics, 3, pp. 220-224; Michael, A.S., William, A.C., Edward, G., Nils, G., Ganping, J., Integrated Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording Head: Design and Recording Demonstration (2008) IEEE Trans. Mag, 44 (1), pp. 119-124; Nils, J.G., Hua, Z., Darren, K., Sharat, B., Mike, M., Effect of gradient alignment in heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) J. Appl, Phys (105), pp. 07B905; Zhang, L., Takahashi, Y.K., Perumal, A., Hono, K., L10-ordered high coercivity (FePt)Ag-C granular thin films for perpendicular recording (2010) J. Magn. Mag. Mat, 322, pp. 2658-2664; Michael, K.G., Olav, H., Thomas, H., Elizabeth, D., Thomas, R.A., High-Density Bit Patterned Media: Magnetic Design and Recording Performance (2011) IEEE Trans. Mag, 47 (1), pp. 6-10; Bruce, D.T., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Mag. Mat, 321, pp. 512-517; Zhimin, Y., Bo, L., Double layer magnetic data storage - an approach towards 3D magnetic recording (2001) J. Magn. Mag. Mat, 235, pp. 481-486; Sakhrat, K., Yazan, H., Nissim, A., Roman, C., Physics considerations in the design of three-dimensional and multilevel magnetic recording (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 100, p. 063907; Hua, H., Jing, P., Duanyi, X., Guosheng, Q., Heng, H., Multi-level optical storage in photochromic diarylethene optical disc (2006) Optical Materials, 28, pp. 904-908; Shiqiang, C., Shouzhi, P., Gang, L., Weijun, L., Synthesis a New Photochromic Diarylethene for Electrochemical Switching and Holographic Optical Recording (2009) Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuits, Communications and System, pp. 536-539; Manfred, A., Olav, H., Guohan, H., Bruce, D.T., Method for magnetic recording on patterned multilevel perpendicular media using thermal assistance and fixed write current (2005) US Patent 6865044; Alexander, Y.D., Hans, J.R., Erol, G., Single-Pass Recording of Multilevel Patterned Media (2010) US Patent 7974031; Mehmet, F.E., Mourad, B., Walter, R.E., Multi-level recording on shingled coherent magnetic media (2011) US Patent 7982994; Shah, P., Ahmed, M., Ambroze, M., Tjhai, C., Davey, P.J., Novel Soft-Feedback Equalization Method for Multilevel Magnetic Recording (2007) IEEE Trans. Mag, 43 (6), pp. 2280-2282; Baltz, V., Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Multilevel magnetic media in continuous and patterned films with out-of-plane magnetization (2005) J. Magn. Mag. Mat, 290-291, pp. 1286-1289; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Terris, B.D., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97, p. 103910; Baltz, V., Bollero, A., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Jamet, J.P., Multilevel magnetic nanodot arrays with out of plane anisotropy: the role of intra-dot magnetostatic coupling (2007) Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys, 39, pp. 33-38; Jubert, P.O., Vanhaverbeke, A., Bischof, A., Allenspach, R., Recording at Large Write Currents on Obliquely Evaporated Medium and Application to a Multilevel Recording Scheme (2010) IEEE Trans. Mag, 46 (12), pp. 4059-4065; Winkler, G., Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Bashir, M.A., Microwave-assisted three-dimensional multilayer magnetic recording," (2009) J. Appl. Phys. Lett, 94, p. 232501; Shaojing, L., Boris, L., Neal, H.B., Eric, E.F., Vitaliy, L., Microwave-assisted magnetization reversal and multilevel recording in composite media (2009) J. Appl. Phys, 105, pp. 07B909; Speetzen, N., Stadler, B.J.H., Yuan, E., Victora, R.H., Qi, X., Co/Pd multilayers for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2005) J. Magn. Mag. Mat, 287, pp. 181-187; Tetsunori, K., Hiroyuki, A., Hiroyuki, H., Katsuyuki, N., Akira, K., Study of high magnetic anisotropy Co/Pd multilayers for patterned media (2008) J. Appl. Phys, 103, pp. 07C502; Bing, H., Nissim, A., Yuan, T., John, B., Dmitri, L., Study of Co/Pd multilayers as a candidate material for next generation magnetic media (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109 (3), p. 34314},
correspondence_address1={Amos, N.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Riverside, CA, United States; email: Nissim.Amos@ee.ucr.edu},
issn={19326203},
pubmed_id={22808105},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={PLoS ONE},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Komori2012,
author={Komori, T. and Zhang, H. and Akahane, T. and Mohamad, Z. and Yin, Y. and Hosaka, S.},
title={Electron beam lithography of 15 × 15nm 2 pitched nanodot arrays with a size of less than 10nm using high development contrast salty developer},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={51},
number={6 PART 2},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.51.06FB02},
art_number={06FB02},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863305951&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.51.06FB02&partnerID=40&md5=e926b9e9dbc8c78e4a43300d504f29c8},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={We investigated the effects of developer and hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist thickness in the formation of dot arrays with a pitch of &lt;18 × 18nm 2 by using 30-keV electron beam (EB) lithography for bit patterned media (BPM). Optimum resist thickness and developer were investigated for the formation of fine dot arrays. We found that a 12-nm-thick HSQ resist was suitable to form fine dot patterns and the addition of NaCl into tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) could improve the development contrast (γ-value) of HSQ (the highest is 9.7). By using the 12-nm-thick HSQ resist film and 2.3 wt% TMAH/4 wt% NaCl developer, we successfully fabricated very fine resist dot arrays with a dot size of &lt;10 nm and a pitch of 15 × 15nm 2, which corresponds to a storage density of about 3 Tbit/in.2 in BPM. © 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot array;  Dot patterns;  Dot size;  HSQ resist;  Hydrogen silsesquioxane;  Nano-dot arrays;  Resist thickness;  Storage densities;  Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, Electron beams;  Semiconducting gallium compounds;  Sodium chloride, Electron beam lithography},
references={Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1652; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 51; Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B754; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Microelectron. Eng., 85, p. 774; Haffner, M., Heeren, A., Fleischer, M., Kern, D.P., Schmidt, G., Molenkamp, L.W., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 937; Chou, S.Y., Kranss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 3114; Taniguchi, J., Komuro, M., Inoue, S., Kimura, N., Tokano, Y., Hiroshima, H., Matsui, S., (2000) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39, p. 7070; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2604; Wi, J., Lee, H., Lim, K., Nam, S., Kim, H., Park, S., Lee, J., Kim, K., (2008) Small, 4, p. 2118; Okada, T., Fujimori, J., Iida, T., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, p. 126502; Kang, Y., Okada, M., Minari, C., Kanda, K., Haruyama, Y., Matsui, S., (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, pp. 06GL13; Hosaka, S., Koyanagi, H., Katoh, K., Isshiki, F., Suzuki, T., Miyamoto, M., Akimoto, A., Maeda, T., (2001) Microelectron. Eng., 57-58, p. 223; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Yin, Y., Sone, H., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 802; Tamura, T., Tanaka, Y., Akahane, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Key Eng. Mater., 459, p. 116; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Appl. Phys. Express, 1, p. 027003; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieida, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishida, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Huda, M., Akahane, T., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 06GG06; Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 06GG04; Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 2571; Farrel, R.A., Petkor, N., Morris, M.A., Holmes, J.D., (2010) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 349, p. 449; Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Key Eng. Mater., 459, p. 120; Akahane, T., Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Key Eng. Mater., 459, p. 124; Hosaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Shirai, M., Mohamad, Z., Yin, Y., (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, p. 046503; Yang, J., Cord, B., Duan, H., Berggren, K., Klingfus, J., Nam, S., Kim, K., Rooks, M., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 2622; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Yang, J., Berggren, K., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2025; Kim, J., Chao, W., Griedel, B., Liang, X., Lewis, M., Hilken, D., Olynick, D., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 2628; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Itoh, K., Sone, H., (2006) Microelectron. Eng., 83, p. 792; Zhang, H., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2012) Key Eng. Mater., 497, p. 127; Sidorkin, V., Grigorescu, A., Salemink, H., Van Der Drift, E., (2009) Microelectron. Eng., 86, p. 749; Chang, T.H.P., (1975) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 12, p. 1271; Nightingale Jr., E.R., (1959) J. Phys. Chem., 63, p. 1381},
correspondence_address1={Komori, T.; Graduate School of Engineering, , Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; email: t11801314@gunma-u.ac.jp},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ng20121976,
author={Ng, Y. and Cai, K. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Chong, T.C. and Zhang, S. and Chen, B.J.},
title={Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered Islands bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={6},
pages={1976-1983},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2181183},
art_number={6111482},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861489498&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2181183&partnerID=40&md5=afb95822f794169ca28c4ec9524e0c4e},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology, and Research), Singapore 117608, Singapore; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 138682, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we first present a recording physics based analytical channel model for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems with staggered islands configuration. We further propose an analytical approach to jointly design the equalizer with partial response (PR) target for BPMR systems, by using the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion with monic constraint, taking into account inter-track interference (ITI) and media noise. Simulation results show that the proposed approach performs better than the system designed without considering ITI and media noise. We further investigate the performance of staggered array against regular array islands with bit-aspect ratios (BAR) of 1 and 2, and with different amount of media noise, inter-symbol interference (ISI), and ITI. We found that staggered array islands with BAR of 2 offer better bit error rate (BER) performance and better tolerance to media noise. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  equalization;  inter-track interference;  media noise;  partial response maximum likelihood (PRML)},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  equalization;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Partial response maximum likelihood, Aspect ratio, Equalizers},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , DOI 10.1109/ICC.2007.1035, 4289706, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Roh, B.G., Lee, S.U., Moon, J., Chen, Y., Single-head/single-track detection in interfering tracks (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1830-1838. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017779, PII S0018946402063719; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal processing for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 730-735. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839064; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), pp. 3639-3647. , Sep; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.914966, 4475331; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Tjhai, C.J., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low-density parity-check codes (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (10), pp. 3925-3929. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.903349; Nabavi, S., V. Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3892. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Ng, Y., Cai, K., V. Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., A parametric study of inter-track interference in bit patterned media recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 819-824. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Ng, Y.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: yibinn@andrew.cmu.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hwu2012,
author={Hwu, J.J. and Babin, S. and Yushmanov, P.},
title={SEM metrology on bit patterned media nanoimprint template: Issues and improvements},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8324},
doi={10.1117/12.918064},
art_number={83241F},
note={cited By 2; Conference of Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVI ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:89757},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861075654&doi=10.1117%2f12.918064&partnerID=40&md5=e641f13aae7ad802399d6b93b4c1e0bb},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA, 94536, United States; ABeam Technologies, Inc., 5286 Dunnigan Ct., Castro Valley, CA 94546, United States},
abstract={Critical dimension measurement is the most essential metrology needed in nanofabrication processes and the practice is most commonly executed using SEMs for its flexibility in sampling, imaging, and data processing. In bit patterned media process development, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is used for template replication and media fabrication. SEM imaging on templates provide not only individual dot size, but also information for dot size distribution, the location of dots, pitch and array alignment quality, etc. It is very important to know the SEM measurement limit since the feature nominal size is less than 20 nm and the dot feature size and other metrics will relate to the final media performance. In our work an analytical SEM was used. We performed and compared two imaging analysis approaches for metrology information. The SEM beam was characterized using BEAMETR test sample and software for proper beam condition setup. A series of images obtained on a 27 nm nominal pitch dot array patterns were analyzed by conventional brightness intensity threshold method and physical model based analysis using myCD-CH software. Through comparison we identified the issues with threshold method and the strength of using model based analysis for its improvement in feature size and pitch measurement uncertainty and accuracy. TEM cross sections were performed as accuracy reference for better understanding the source of measurement accuracy deviation. © 2012 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Beam spot size;  CD measurement;  Image analysis;  SEM accuracy;  SEM algorithm;  SEM metrology;  SEM precision},
keywords={Beam conditions;  Beam spot size;  Bit-patterned media;  CD measurements;  Critical dimension measurement;  Cross section;  Dot array;  Dot size;  Feature sizes;  Imaging analysis;  Intensity-threshold methods;  Measurement accuracy;  Measurement uncertainty;  Media fabrication;  Model-based analysis;  Nano-imprint;  Nanofabrication process;  Physical model;  Process development;  SEM algorithms;  SEM imaging;  SEM metrology;  Test samples;  Threshold methods, Data processing;  Image analysis;  Measurements;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Process control;  Software testing;  Uncertainty analysis, Units of measurement},
references={Joy, D.C., Some issues in SEM-based metrology (1998) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 3332, pp. 102-109. , DOI 10.1117/12.308720; Archie, C., Lowney, J., Postek, M.T., Modeling and experimental aspects of apparent beam width as an edge resolution measure (1999) Proc. SPIE, 3677, pp. 669-685; Sato, M., Resolution (1997) Handbook of Charged Particle Optics, pp. 319-361. , J. Orloff, ed., CRC Press; Ishitani, T., Sato, M., Contrast-to-gradient method for the evaluation of image resolution in scanning electron microscopy (2002) Journal of Electron Microscopy, 51 (6), pp. 369-382. , DOI 10.1093/jmicro/51.6.369; Zhang, N.F., Postek, M.T., Larrabee, R.D., Vladar, A.E., Keery, W.J., Jones, S.N., Image sharpness measurement in the scanning electron microscope - Part III (1999) Scanning, 21 (4), pp. 246-252; Joy, D.C., Ko, Y.-U., Hwu, J.J., Metrics of resolution and performance for CD-SEMs (2000) Proc. SPIE, 3998, pp. 108-114; Davison, M.P., Vladár, A.E., An inverse scattering approach to SEM line width measurement (1999) Proc. SPIE, 3677, pp. 640-649; Villarrubia, J.S., Vladar, A.E., Lowney, J.R., Postek, M.T., Scanning electron microscope analog of scatterometry (2002) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 4689, pp. 304-312. , DOI 10.1117/12.473470; Villarrubia, J.S., Vladár, A.E., Postek, M.T., A simulation study of repeatability and bias in the CD-SEM (2003) Proc. SPIE, 5038, pp. 138-149; Tanaka, M., Villarrubia, J.S., Vladar, A.E., Influence of focus variation on line width measurements (2005) Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE, 5752 (1), pp. 144-155. , DOI 10.1117/12.599741, 05, Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XIX; Tanaka, M., Shishido, C., Kawada, H., Influence of electron incidence angle distribution on CD-SEM linewidth measurements (2006) Proc. SPIE, 6152, pp. 61523Z1-61523Z11; Villarrubia, J.S., Ding, Z.J., Sensitivity of SEM width measurements to model assumptions (2009) Proceedings SPIE, 7272, pp. 72720R1-72720R15; Postek, M.T., Vladár, A., Modeling for accurate dimensional scanning electron microscope metrology: Then and now (2011) Scanning, 33, pp. 111-125; Hwu, J.J., Babin, S., Page, L., Danilevsky, A., Self, A., Ueda, K., Koshihara, S., Kuo, D., SEM CD metrology on nanoimprint template: An analytical SEM approach (2009) Proc. SPIE, 7488, pp. 74881W1-11; Hwu, J.J., Babin, S., Bay, K., Application of analytic SEM to CD metrology at nanometer scale (2010) SPIE, 7638, pp. 76383O1-76383O10; Babin, S., Bay, K., Hwu, J.J., Application of analytic SEM to CD metrology at nanometer scale (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B28, pp. C6H1. , doi: 10.1116/1.3504476; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Letr., 88, pp. 2225121-2225124; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, V.D.R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 tb/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Mag. 42, 10, pp. 2255-2260; Babin, S., Gaevski, M., Joy, D., MacHin, M., Martynov, A., Technique to automatically measure electron-beam diameter and astigmatism: BEAMETR (2006) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24 (6), pp. 2956-2959. , DOI 10.1116/1.2387158; ABeam Technologies Software Product; Menaker, M., CD-SEM precision - New procedure and analysis (1999) Proc. SPIE, 3677, pp. 272-279; Cizmar, P., Vladár, A., Postek, M.T., Real-time scanning charged-particle microscope image composition with correction of drift (2011) Microscopy and Microanalysis, 17 (2), pp. 302-308},
correspondence_address1={Hwu, J.J.; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA, 94536, United States; email: Justin.j.hwu@seagate.com},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE); Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd.},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489807},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Thiyagarajah2012,
author={Thiyagarajah, N. and Huang, T. and Chen, Y. and Duan, H. and Song, D.L.Y. and Huei Leong, S. and Yang, J.K.W. and Ng, V.},
title={Comparison of bit-patterned media fabricated by methods of direct deposition and ion-milling of cobalt/palladium multilayers},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.4714547},
art_number={103906},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862152686&doi=10.1063%2f1.4714547&partnerID=40&md5=f45084ec7a58151a854f977643497a7b},
affiliation={Information Storage Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576 Singapore, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), 5 Engineering Drive, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A Star), 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In the fabrication of bit-patterned media (BPM), two processes are commonly used, i.e., the pattern transfer by ion-milling into an underlying film of magnetic material, and the direct deposition of the magnetic material onto a pre-patterned substrate. We experimentally compared the switching performance of the BPM based on Co/Pd multilayers fabricated using these methods in terms of their switching field distribution (SFD) and physical characteristics of the bits. Our results show that both methods resulted in a narrow (∼15) SFD at low areal recording densities of ∼0.15 Tdot/in 2. However, at higher densities of up to 0.6 Tdot/in 2, the SFD of the ion-milled samples detrimentally broadened to ∼30 while the BPM from the direct-deposition method maintained its narrow SFD up to a high bit density of 0.6 Tdot/in 2. Our results suggest that in Co/Pd multilayer systems, the direct-deposition method, which produces more uniform bit sizes and profiles especially at high bit densities, is a more promising approach to achieving high-density BPM. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal recording density;  Bit density;  Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Direct deposition;  High-density;  Ion milling;  Pattern transfers;  Physical characteristics;  Switching field distribution;  Switching performance, Fabrication;  Ions;  Magnetic materials;  Milling (machining), Multilayers},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr Ramam Akkipeddi for the use of the electron-beam lithography and dual-beam FIB in IMRE through the SERC nano Fabrication Processing and Characterization (SnFPC) facility. This work was funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) in Singapore.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , 10.1109/20.560144; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31 (1), pp. 203-235. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 467-476. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1 (1), pp. 29-40. , 10.2174/187221007779814754; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 51-54. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077274; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3468-3471. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001791; Yang, J.K.W., Chen, Y., Huang, T., Duan, H., Thiyagarajah, N., Hui, H.K., Leong, S.H., Ng, V., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22 (38), pp. 385301-385306. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 4975. , 10.1109/20.278712; Berger, A., Xu, Y.H., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3178. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855285; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , 10.1063/1.2730744; Laksghmi, S., Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029. , 10.1116/1.2801881; Walsh, M.E., Hao, Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (6), pp. 3539-3543. , 10.1116/1.1324639; Ducommun, J.P., Cantagrel, M., Marchal, M., (1974) J. Mater. Sci., 9, p. 725. , 10.1007/BF00761792; Auciello, O., (1981) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 19, p. 841. , 10.1116/1.571224; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., Suna, A., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, p. 178. , 10.1063/1.96254; Ulbrich, T.C., Bran, C., Makarov, D., Hellwig, O., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Rohrmann, H., Albrecht, M., (2010) Phys. Rev.B, 81, p. 054421. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.054421; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobsiz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., Inomata, A., Fullerton, E.E., Lomalkin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C121. , 10.1063/1.3074781; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wong, S.K., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 142503. , 10.1063/1.3645634; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913. , 10.1063/1.3260240; McMorran, B.J., Cochran, A.C., Dumas, R.K., Liu, K., Morrow, P., Pierce, D.T., Unguris, J., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 09D305. , 10.1063/1.3358218; Peng, X., Wakeham, S., Morrone, A., Axdal, S., Feldbaum, M., Hwu, J., Boonstra, T., Ding, J., (2009) Vacuum, 83, p. 1007. , 10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.12.003; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3531-3534. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022407},
correspondence_address1={Yang, J.K.W.; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore; email: yangkwj@imre.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sun2012,
author={Sun, Z. and Li, D. and Natarajarathinam, A. and Su, H. and Gupta, S.},
title={Large area patterning of single magnetic domains with assistance of ion irradiation in ion milling},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2012},
volume={30},
number={3},
doi={10.1116/1.4706893},
art_number={031803},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016158359&doi=10.1116%2f1.4706893&partnerID=40&md5=32e491f6a71551b5935aeb9e2ef0381c},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT), University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  35487, United States},
abstract={This study demonstrates a pronounced ion irradiation effect in ion milling of magnetic thin films. In fabrication of bit-patterned media, the ion irradiation could facilitate bit island isolation before complete removal of magnetic materials by ion milling. Combined with block copolymer lithography, sub-20 nm CoPt dots with uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy, resembling Stoner-Wohl farth-like single domains, were achieved. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the degradation of the magnetic film by ion irradiation is related to crystal structure damage. © 2012 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Crystal structure;  Ion bombardment;  Irradiation;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic thin films;  Magnetism;  Milling (machining);  Photodegradation;  X ray diffraction, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Ion irradiation effects;  Ion milling;  Large-area patterning;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Single domains;  Single magnetic domains, Ions},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 0901858},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. R199; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, p. R157; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35, p. 4423; Yu, M., Liu, Y., Moser, A., Weller, D., Sellmyer, D.J., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 3992; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, p. 978; Chappert, C., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Devolder, T., Ferre, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 064415; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.P., Ferre, J., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 3383; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37, p. R179; Dietzel, A., Berger, R., Loeschner, H., Platzgummer, E., Stengl, G., Bruenger, W.H., Letzkus, F., (2003) Adv. Mater, 15, p. 1152; Dietzel, A., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1952; Loeschner, H., Stengl, G., Kaesmaier, R., Wolter, A., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2520; Lin, X.D., Zhu, J.G., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2999; Zhu, J.G., Lin, X.D., Guan, L.J., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23; Gibson, G.A., Schultz, S., (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 69, p. 5880; Cheng, J.Y., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., (2004) Nature Mater, 3, p. 823; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Ross, C.A., (2006) Adv. Mater, 18, p. 597; Sharrock, M.P., (1994) J. Appl. Phys, 76, p. 6413; Saito, Y., Sugiyama, H., Inokuchi, T., Inomata, K., (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99, p. 08K702; Yang, F.J., Wang, H., Wang, H.B., Zhang, J., Zhu, J.H., Li, Q., Jiang, Y., (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, p. 235003; Chang, G.S., Moewes, A., Kim, S.H., Lee, J., Jeong, K., Whang, C.N., Kim, D.H., Shin, S.C., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 092504},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={21662746},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint2012,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P.},
title={Unequal error correction strategy for magnetic recording systems with multi-track processing},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3679762},
art_number={07B922},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861760313&doi=10.1063%2f1.3679762&partnerID=40&md5=a44cefe42aacd24eccf59fac68ec0329},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Samkok, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering and College of Data Storage Innovation (DSTAR), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In multi-track detection, the simultaneous recovery of user data of all tracks is obtained from multi-head or single-head reader with buffer. Due to incomplete inter-track interference (ITI) information of the outer tracks, unequal error rates exist among tracks. For a system with three-track processing, the center track exhibits a better performance than the others. In this work, we propose the unequal error protection (UEP) schemes to improve the overall system performance of a 2-D interference bit-patterned recording system with multi-track detection. The performances of the proposed schemes are investigated for the BPM channels with and without the media noise. Based on the simulation results, the proposed schemes offer the gain of about 0.2-0.3 dB over the equal error protection (EEP) scheme at a bit error rate of 10 -4. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Equal error protection;  Error rate;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording systems;  Media noise;  Recording systems;  Unequal error correction;  Unequal error protections;  User data, Recording instruments, Image coding},
funding_details={National Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Science and Technology Development Agency, สวทช},
funding_text 1={This work is supported in part by National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand.},
references={Buršíkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proc. IEEE CompEuro 89 Conf. VLSI Computer Peripherals, p. 4348. , in (IEEE Computer Society Press, West Germany); Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3691. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022638; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3899. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2056926; Kurkoski, B., (2008) IEICE Trans. Fundam., 91, p. 2696. , 10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.10.2696; Nabavi, S., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3523. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022493; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.-M., (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51, p. 386. , 10.1109/TIT.2004.839541},
correspondence_address1={Supnithi, P.; Faculty of Engineering and College of Data Storage Innovation (DSTAR), , Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: ksupornc@kmitl.ac.th},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2012,
author={Li, W.M. and Huang, X.L. and Shi, J.Z. and Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Ding, J.},
title={Angular dependence and temperature effect on switching field distribution of Co/Pd based bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3678456},
art_number={07B917},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861759871&doi=10.1063%2f1.3678456&partnerID=40&md5=d84318915743963a231dab0f9722c602},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The motivation for this work is rooted in the reversal process that occurs in perpendicularly magnetic Co/Pd multilayered based bit-patterned media. In our work, temperature effect and angle dependence of critical fields (H cr) and switching field distribution (SFD) are studied by both experiment and simulation. From our observation, when temperature increases from 77 to 300 K, the critical field of patterned area decreases from 13 to 11 kOe. Absolute SFD decreases from 2.6 to 2.2 kOe as thermal energy assists islands reversal. The relative SFD (SFD/H cr) keeps constant with temperature. Although critical fields and absolute SFD vary with angles, relative SFD is independent of the field angle. The interactions between islands broaden relative SFD from 12 to 20 after considering dipolar interactions. The relative SFD by simulation agrees well with our experimental observation. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Angle dependence;  Angular dependence;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical fields;  Dipolar interaction;  Experimental observation;  Field angle;  Multi-layered;  Reversal process;  Switching field distribution;  Temperature increase, Physical properties;  Physics, Temperature},
references={Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301. , 10.1088/0957-4484/22/31/315301; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , 10.1063/1.3276911; Wi, J.S., Lim, K., Wan Kim, T., Choi, S.J., Shin, K.H., Kim, K.B., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 2585. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.03.025; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Albrecht, M., Schrefl, T., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 013906. , 10.1063/1.3457037; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kato, T., Kitakami, O., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 320, p. 2874. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.034; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 144437. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144437; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B758. , 10.1063/1.3563069; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , 10.1063/1.2730744; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913. , 10.1063/1.3260240},
correspondence_address1={Li, W.M.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Singapore 119260, Singapore},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kondo2012,
author={Kondo, Y. and Nakamura, Y. and Yamakawa, K. and Ishio, S. and Ariake, J.},
title={Development of microscopic magnetometer with reflective objective using magneto-optical Kerr effect},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3675176},
art_number={07E324},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861757840&doi=10.1063%2f1.3675176&partnerID=40&md5=3dde8a87534865a589510ed514134d28},
affiliation={Akita Industrial Technology Center (AIT), 4-21 Sanuki Araya, Akita, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, Akita, Japan},
abstract={A microscopic magnetometer using magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) was developed to characterize the magnetic properties of hard magnetic nano-structures such as a bit-patterned medium and a magnetoresistive random access memory. Our new type magnetometer has a unique feature that adopts the reflective objective instead of the generally used refractive lens to reduce the unnecessary rotation of polarization axis of the light by the lens with Verdet constant in a magnetic field. A Schwarzschild-type objective consisting of two spherical mirrors was applied as the reflective objective in our magnetometer. The objective was designed specifically for our magnetometer. An actual focusing spot diameter at the sample surface was estimated to be 4.7 μm by the knife-edge measurement. Furthermore, a magnetization curve was measured by MOKE for the Co 80Pt 20 thin-film line with a width of 75 μm, and demonstrated that our magnetometer can reduce the unnecessary rotation of polarization axis compared with the one measured by the magnetometer with a refractive lens. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Magnetization curves;  Magneto-optical Kerr effects;  Polarization axis;  Refractive lens;  Sample surface;  Spherical mirror;  Spot diameter;  Unique features;  Verdet constant, Cobalt;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetization;  Optical instrument lenses;  Platinum;  Polarization, Magnetometers},
funding_details={02-042},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work is partly supported by Research for Promoting Technological Seeds (02-042) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Nakayama, M., Kai, T., Shimomura, N., Amano, M., Kitagawa, E., Nagase, T., Yoshikawa, M., Yoda, H., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07A710. , 10.1063/1.2838335; Akahane, K., Kimura, T., Otani, Y., (2004) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 28, p. 112. , 10.3379/jmsjmag.28.122; Barman, A., Kimura, T., Otani, Y., Fukuma, Y., Akahane, K., Meguro, S., (2008) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, p. 123905. , 10.1063/1.3053353; Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Watanabe, S., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 229. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.037; Suzuki, T., (2003) Mater. Trans., 44, p. 1535. , 10.2320/matertrans.44.1535; Erdos, P., (1959) J. Opt. Soc. Am., 49, p. 877. , 10.1364/JOSA.49.000877},
correspondence_address1={Kondo, Y.; Akita Industrial Technology Center (AIT), 4-21 Sanuki Araya, Akita, Japan; email: kondo@rdc.pref.akita.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kong2012,
author={Kong, G. and Choi, S.},
title={Simplified multi-track detection schemes using a priori information for bit patterned media recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3679462},
art_number={07B920},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861755263&doi=10.1063%2f1.3679462&partnerID=40&md5=b991d86655251f01b935e011f4f5190f},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Sinchon-Dong 134, 120-749, Seoul, South Korea},
abstract={Simplified multi-track detection schemes using a priori information for bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) are proposed in this paper. The proposed detection schemes adopt the simplified trellis diagram, use a priori information, and detect the main-track data in the along- and cross-track directions. The simplified trellis diagram, which has 4 states and 8 branches, can be obtained by setting the corner entries of the generalized partial response (GPR) target to zero and replacing the four parallel branches with a single branch. However, these simplified techniques seriously suffer from performance degradation in high density BPMR channels. To overcome the performance degradation, a priori information is used to give higher reliability to the branch metric. In addition, to fully use the characteristics of channel detection with a two-dimensional (2D) GPR target, the proposed schemes estimate a priori information and detect the main-track data in the along- and cross-track directions by using a 2D equalizer with a 2D GPR target. The bit error rate performances of the proposed schemes are compared with the previous detection schemes when areal density is 3 Tb/in 2. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes with simpler structures have more than 2 dB gains compared with the other detection schemes. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={4-state;  Areal densities;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Channel detection;  Detection scheme;  Generalized partial-response targets;  High density;  Performance degradation;  Priori information;  Trellis diagram, Degradation;  Magnetic disk storage, Magnetic recording},
references={Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), p. 3899. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2056926; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., (2007), pp. 6249-6254. , in Proceedings of ICC, Glasgow, Scotland (IEEE, New York, 2007); Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (9), p. 3639. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2049116; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.G., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), p. 2274. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), p. 730. , 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839064; Kim, J., Lee, J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 57 (3), p. 594. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2100371; Bahl, L.R., Cocke, J., Helinek, F., Raviv, J., (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), p. 284. , 10.1109/TIT.1974.1055186},
correspondence_address1={Kong, G.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sinchon-Dong 134, 120-749, Seoul, South Korea; email: gykong@yonsei.ac.kr},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dong2012,
author={Dong, Y. and Wang, Y. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Micromagnetic specifications for recording self-assembled bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3675152},
art_number={07B904},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861739646&doi=10.1063%2f1.3675152&partnerID=40&md5=7eed9aaea17f58c98ddaa6c94025fe26},
affiliation={MINT Center, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States},
abstract={A design including exchange coupled composite (ECC) bits in hexagonal arrays and a multi-pole write head is proposed to meet the requirement of 9.7 × 10 -4 bit error rate, 4 nm magnetic fly height, 5 switching field distribution, 5 synchronization error, and 5 jitter error to achieve 2.9 Tbits/in. 2 bit-patterned recording. Our head design writes two staggered tracks in a single pass and has maximum perpendicular field gradients of 580 Oe/nm along the down-track direction and 476 Oe/nm along the cross-track direction. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Down-track direction;  Exchange coupled;  Field gradient;  Fly height;  Hexagonal arrays;  Jitter errors;  Micromagnetics;  Self-assembled;  Single pass;  Switching field distribution;  Synchronization error;  Write heads, Physical properties, Physics},
funding_text 1={The author would like to thank Manfred Schabes for valuable discussion. This work was supported by IDEMA/ASTC.},
references={Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2652. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2148112; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202. , 10.1116/1.2798711; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , 10.1126/science.1157626; Hernandez, S., Kapoor, M., Victora, R.H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 132505. , 10.1063/1.2716860; Suess, D., Eder, S., Lee, J., Dittrich, R., Fidler, J., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.174430; Shen, X., Hernandez, S., Victora, R.H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 163. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912839; Suess, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 173111. , 10.1063/1.2908052},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; MINT Center, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: wang2071@umn.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2012,
author={Wang, H. and Li, W. and Rahman, M.T. and Zhao, H. and Ding, J. and Chen, Y. and Wang, J.-P.},
title={Characterization of L1 0-FePt/Fe based exchange coupled composite bit pattern media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3677793},
art_number={07B914},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861734805&doi=10.1063%2f1.3677793&partnerID=40&md5=e29395b3546ce87b08cef51f3711da0f},
affiliation={MINT Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={L1 0-FePt exchange coupled composite (ECC) bit patterned media has been considered as a potential candidate to achieve high thermal stability and writability for future high density magnetic recording. In this paper, FePt based ECC bit patterned structures with 31 nm bit size and 37 nm pitch size were fabricated using di-block copolymer lithography on 3 inch wafer. Remanant states were tracked using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). DC demagnetization (DCD) curves were plotted by counting the reversed bits in the MFM images. Magnetic domains in which the magnetizations of the neighboring bits were aligned to the same direction were observed in the MFM patterns. Thermal decay measurement was performed for the samples to obtain the thermal stability and gain factor. The thermal barrier was found around 210 k BT with a gain factor up to 1.57 for the bit patterned structure FePt(4 nm)/Fe(4 nm). © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  DC demagnetization;  Exchange coupled;  Gain factors;  High thermal stability;  High-density magnetic recording;  MFM image;  Patterned structure;  Thermal barrier;  Thermal decays, Block copolymers;  Demagnetization;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic force microscopy, Thermodynamic stability},
funding_details={Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard UniversityMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University, MRSEC, DMR-0819885},
funding_text 1={The authors are grateful for the support by Dr. Y. Isowaki, Dr. Y. Kamata, and Dr. A. Kikitsu from Toshiba Corporation for the di-block copolymer patterning processing. The work was partially supported by INSIC EHDR program and WDC. Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network ( www.mrfn.org ) via the NSF MRSEC program under Award No. DMR-0819885.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199. , 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Rahman, M.T., Shams, N.N., Lai, C.H., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C112. , 10.1063/1.3072444; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Kuo, K.L., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25, p. 2202. , 10.1116/1.2798711; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4129. , 10.1116/1.588605; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , 10.1126/science.1157626; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 19, p. 425. , 10.2494/photopolymer.19.425; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Lzumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 51. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077274; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bull., 33, p. 838. , 10.1557/mrs2008.179; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10. , 10.1109/20.824418; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855263; Wang, J.P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3181. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Wang, H., Rahman, T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J.P., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B754. , 10.1063/1.3562453; Xu, Y.F., Chen, J.S., Wang, J.P., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3325. , 10.1063/1.1476706; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B758. , 10.1063/1.3563069; Bertram, H.N., Lengsfield, B., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2145. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892852; Suess, D., Eder, S., Lee, J., Dittrich, R., Fidler, J., Harrell, J.W., Schrefl, T., Berger, A., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.174430; Lu, Z., Visscher, P.B., Butler, W.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2941. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893630},
correspondence_address1={Wang, J.-P.; MINT Center, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: jpwang@umn.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lin2012,
author={Lin, M.Y. and Chan, K.S. and Chua, M. and Zhang, S. and Kui, C. and Elidrissi, M.R.},
title={Modeling for write synchronization in bit patterned media recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3679022},
art_number={07B918},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861734380&doi=10.1063%2f1.3679022&partnerID=40&md5=0e4046afac1c2f9312f3ce4324a0bc3b},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Bit patterned media recording (BPMR) is a contender for next generation technology after conventional granular magnetic recording (CGMR) can no longer sustain the continued areal density growth. BPMR has several technological hurdles that need to be overcome, among them is solving the problem of write synchronization. With CGMR, grains are randomly distributed and occur almost all over the media. In contrast, BPMR has grains patterned into a regular lattice on the media with an approximate 50% duty cycle. Hence only about a quarter of the area is filled with magnetic material. During writing, the clock must be synchronized to the islands or the written in error rate becomes unacceptably large and the system fails. Maintaining synchronization during writing is a challenge as the system is not able to read and write simultaneously. Hence reading must occur periodically between the writing frequently enough to re-synchronize the writing clock to the islands. In this work, we study the requirements on the lengths of the synchronization and data sectors in a BPMR system using an advanced model for BPMR, and taking into consideration different spindle motor speed variations, which is the main cause of the mis-synchronization. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Duty cycles;  Error rate;  Generation technologies;  Randomly distributed;  Regular lattice;  Spindle motors, Clocks;  Contrast media;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording, Synchronization},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 10.1063/1.2209179; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B.J., Qin, Z.L., Foo, S.M., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), p. 1363. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040713; Chua, M., Elidrissi, M.R., Eason, K., Zhang, S.H., Qin, Z.L., Chai, K.S., Tan, K.P., Victora, R.H., Comparing Analytical, Micromagnetic and Statistical Channel Models at 4Tcbpsi Patterned Media Recording, , IEEE Trans. Magn. (accepted); Zhang, S., Cai, K., Lin, M.Y., Zhang, J., Qin, Z., Teo, K.K., Wong, W.E., Ong, E.T., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (10), p. 2555. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2155628; Frequency Stability Functional Specification, , http:www.guzik.comproducts_rwa2585A.as; Lin, M.Y., Bergmans, J.W.M., Mathew, G., Foo, S.W., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), p. 1953. , 10.1109/20.951019; Gallager, R.G., (1963) Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, , (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA)},
correspondence_address1={Lin, M.Y.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: lin_yu@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu2012,
author={Xu, Q. and Kanbara, R. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Control of magnetic properties of MnBi and MnBiCu thin films by Kr + ion irradiation},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3675981},
art_number={07B906},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861728604&doi=10.1063%2f1.3675981&partnerID=40&md5=75b7667bc2471916b5d9377f1d0a84d2},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Research, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, 1-13 Yotsuya-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 460-0819, Japan},
abstract={Mn 52Bi 48 (15 nm) and Mn 54Bi 24Cu 21 (15 nm) thin films were prepared by the magnetron sputtering and vacuum annealing at 350°C, and the variations of their structures and magnetic properties with 30 keV Kr + ion irradiation were studied. The MnBi and MnBiCu films exhibited saturation magnetizations M s of 180 emu/cc and 210 emu/cc, the coercivities H c of 10 kOe and 3.4 kOe, respectively. The M s and H c of the MnBi abruptly vanished by the irradiation of ion dose at 3 × 10 14 ions/cm 2, while those of the MnBiCu film gradually decreased with increasing the ion dose and became zero at 5 × 10 13 ions/cm 2. The different trend on the ion irradiation between MnBi and MnBiCu films is understood by the surface structure of the film, i.e., the MnBi has convex islands on its surface, which protect the underneath NiAs-type MnBi from the irradiation, while the MnBiCu has rather flat surface, and its crystal structure was uniformly modified by the irradiation. From the surface flatness and the uniformity of the MnBiCu film, as well as the low annealing temperature of 350°C, it was concluded that the MnBiCu film is one of the attractive materials for high-density ion irradiation bit patterned media. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Annealing temperatures;  Bit-patterned media;  Coercivities;  Flat surfaces;  High-density;  Ion dose;  Surface flatness;  Vacuum-annealing, Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic properties;  Manganese;  Manganese compounds;  Saturation magnetization;  Surfaces;  Thin films, Radiation},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 22560315, 23656196},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Mr. M. Kumazawa for assistance with experiments. This work is partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3685. , 10.1109/TMAG.2007.902970; Terris, B.D., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferr, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919. , 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3595. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2972. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.880076; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117. , 10.1063/1.3072024; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 053908. , 10.1063/1.3212967; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1671. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044559; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H.-S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 3149. , 10.1063/1.371181; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 272, p. 778. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.382; Chen, D., Ready, J.F., Bernai, E., (1968) J. Appl. Phys., 39, p. 3916. , 10.1063/1.1656875; Katsui, A., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 3609. , 10.1063/1.323166; Di, G.Q., Oikawa, S., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Uchiyama, S., (1994) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 33, p. 783. , 10.1143/JJAP.33.L783; Niizeki, N., Wachi, M., (1968) Z. Kristallallogr., 127, p. 173; Suits, J.G., Street, G.B., Lee, K., Goodenough, J.B., (1974) Phys. Rev. B, 10, p. 120. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.10.120},
correspondence_address1={Xu, Q.; Department of Quantum Engineering, , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; email: xqq_jp@hotmail.com},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar2012,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Sbiaa, R. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Magnetic properties of antidots in conventional and spin-reoriented antiferromagnetically coupled layers},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3679602},
art_number={07B921},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861721848&doi=10.1063%2f1.3679602&partnerID=40&md5=9085bf9b23643203907ae9e607b792ac},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) patterned media technology is one approach to reduce dipolar interactions and thus minimize the switching field distribution (SFD) in bit-patterned media. Achieving anti-parallel alignment of magnetic moments at remanence requires a large exchange coupling field (H ex), especially in patterned nanostructures, which exhibit a large enhancement in coercivity after patterning. In our work, we observed a very high H ex of more than 15 kOe in Co thin film antiferromagnetically coupled to (Co/Pd) multilayers with a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In contrast, an H ex of only 380 Oe was measured in the case of (Co/Pd) multilayers of the type [Co (0.4 nm)/Pd (0.8 nm)] 3 antiferromagnetically coupled with (Co/Pd) multilayers with a high PMA. The effect of H ex on SFD of patterned structures was investigated, and it was found that SFD can be reduced in AFC patterned films with a high H ex. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Antidots;  Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Bit-patterned media;  Co thin films;  Dipolar interaction;  Exchange coupling fields;  Patterned films;  Patterned medias;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic moments;  Magnetic properties;  Multilayers, Film preparation},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={M.R. would like to express gratitude for support from the A*STAR (SINGA) Graduate Scholarship program.},
references={Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301. , 10.1063/1.2750414; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199. , 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909. , 10.1063/1.2431399; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 162502. , 10.1063/1.2799174; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 012513. , 10.1063/1.3532839; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118. , 10.1063/1.3075565; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Suzi, D., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Key, Y.S., Wong, S.K., Chong, T.C., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1787. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043226; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904. , 10.1063/1.3093699; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 242502. , 10.1063/1.3273856; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wong, S.K., Sbiaa, R., Song, W., Tan, H.K., Gonzaga, L., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 093915. , 10.1063/1.3658843; Tan, E.L., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Wong, S.K., Tan, H.K., Poh, W.C., Piramanayagam, S.N., Chum, C.C., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B., 27, p. 2259. , 10.1116/1.3225597; Parkin, S.S.P., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 3598. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3598; Gong, W., Li, H., Zhao, Z., Chen, J., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 5119. , 10.1063/1.348144; Li, L., Zhang, F., Wang, N., Lv, Y.F., Han, X.Y., Zhang, J.J., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 073908. , 10.1063/1.3490134; Garcia, F., Fettar, F., Auffret, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 8397. , 10.1063/1.1558096; Sbiaa, R., Bilin, Z., Ranjbar, M., Tan, H.K., Wong, S.J., Piramanayagam, S.N., Chong, T.C., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 103901. , 10.1063/1.3427560; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, p. 2079. , 10.1088/0957-4484/17/9/001; Ranjbar, M., Tavakkoli, A., Piramanayagam, K.G.S.N., Tan, K.P., Sbiaa, R., Wong, S.K., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 44, p. 265005. , 10.1088/0022-3727/44/26/265005},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: Prem_SN@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yamamoto2012,
author={Yamamoto, R. and Yuzawa, A. and Shimada, T. and Ootera, Y. and Kamata, Y. and Kihara, N. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Nanoimprint mold for 2.5 Tbit/in. 2 directed self-assembly bit patterned media with phase servo pattern},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={51},
number={4 PART 1},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.51.046503},
art_number={046503},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860464981&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.51.046503&partnerID=40&md5=fd11ce9c91de4910d0356511bcf663cd},
affiliation={Corporate RandD Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={We demonstrate the mold fabrication and replication process for the production of 0.8 and 2.5 Tbit/in. 2 directed self-assembly bit patterned media (DSA-BPM). These devices are fabricated with 33 and 17nm dot pitch patterns using the microphase segregation structure of polystyrene- poly(dimethylsiloxane) as an etching mask template. The self-assembled dot arrays are simultaneously ordered on both the circular tracks for the data area and the arbitrary marks for the servo area by DSA using groove guides. We fabricated the Si mold with dot pillars of 19.3 nm height for the 2.5 Tbit/in. 2 DSA-BPM from the poly(dimethylsiloxane) dot mask. We also demonstrated the nickel mold replication of the 0.8 Tbit/in. 2 DSABPM by electroforming from the Si mold. © 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Circular tracks;  Directed self-assembly;  Dot array;  Dot pitch;  Etching masks;  Groove guides;  Microphase segregation;  Mold fabrication;  Nanoimprint molds;  Replication process;  Self-assembled;  Servo pattern, Electroforming;  Fabrication;  Polystyrenes;  Self assembly;  Silicon, Molds},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816; Yu, H., Iyoda, T., Ikeda, T., (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 11010; Watanabe, R., Ito, K., Iyoda, T., Sakaguchi, H., (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48, pp. 06FE08; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Bang, J., Jeong, U., Ryu, D.Y., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C.J., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, p. 4769; Xiao, B.S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, p. 2516; Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Ruiz, R., (2010) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 23, p. 145; Son, J.G., Hannon, A.F., Gotrik, K.W., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., (2011) Adv. Mater., 23, p. 634; Huda, M., Akahane, T., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 06GG06; Yoshida, H., Tada, Y., Ishida, Y., Hayakawa, T., Takenaka, M., Hasegawa, H., (2011) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 24, p. 577; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2007) Nano Lett., 7, p. 2046; Rockford, L., Liu, Y., Mansky, P., Russell, T.P., Yoon, M., Mochrie, S.G.J., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, p. 2602; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, p. 1152; Segalman, R.A., (2005) Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 48, p. 191; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colbum, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., (2007) IBM J. Res. Dev., 51, p. 605; Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 26, p. 1369; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detchevery, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.P., Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 939; Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2011) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, pp. 06GG04; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 51; Nakada, Y., Ninomiya, K., Takaki, Y., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, pp. L1241; Lee, N., Han, J., Lim, J., Choi, M., Han, Y., Hong, J., Kang, S., (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 1803; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2604; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 833; Hoga, M., Itoh, K., Ishikawa, M., Kuwahara, N., Fukuda, M., Toyama, N., Kurokawa, S., Doi, T., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 1975; Ye, Z., Ramos, R., Brooks, C., Simpson, L., Fretwell, J., Carden, S., Hellebrekers, P., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, pp. 79700L; Lille, J., Patel, K., Ruiz, R., Wu, T.-W., Gao, H., Wan, L., Zeltzer, G., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 8166, p. 816626; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, A., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Asakawa, A., Hiraoka, T., (2002) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 6112; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 999; Ootera, Y., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Yamamoto, R., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, pp. 79700K},
correspondence_address1={Yamamoto, R.; Corporate RandD Center, , Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20121575,
author={Li, W.M. and Yang, Y. and Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Shi, J.Z. and Ding, J.},
title={Study of magnetization reversal of Co/Pd bit-patterned media by micro-magnetic simulation},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={8},
pages={1575-1580},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.006},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855675973&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2011.12.006&partnerID=40&md5=fcf4dd99a32cf62a7919635a0a0f020e},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media based on a single-bit-per-island may be a promising candidate for perpendicular magnetic recording at the Tb/in 2 level because they could provide a lower noise and higher density. The understanding of magnetization reversal processes in such patterned media is important. In this work, the range of single domain island size based on Co/Pd bit-patterned media was determined. Demagnetization effect, dipolar interactions and switching field distribution (SFD) for bit-patterned media were quantitatively studied by the simulation based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The total hysteresis loops and SFD were comparable with the experiment ones. The SFD increased from 2σ=1.2 kOe (as the calculated intrinsic SFD) to the experimental value of 1.9 kOe due to dipolar interactions which is in a good agreement with the experimental results (2.0 kOe). Optimized patterned structure with a minimized SFD and maximized data storage densities was found to have an island size of 10 nm and islands separation of 20 nm. The calculated ratio of SFD/H c (H c: the coercivity) is 9.2%, which is below the threshold of 10% for 1 Tb/in 2 pattern media. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar interactions;  Magnetization reversal;  Switching field distribution (SFD)},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Data storage density;  Demagnetization effect;  Dipolar interaction;  Experimental values;  Island size;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Lower noise;  Magnetization reversal process;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned medias;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Simulation-based;  Single domains;  Switching field distribution;  Switching field distribution (SFD), Demagnetization;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetization reversal},
references={Sbiaa, R., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 106, p. 023906; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, p. 3092; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1996) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 155, p. 140; Speliotis, D.E., (1999) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 193, p. 29; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proceedings of the IEEE, 85, p. 652; Sindhu, S., Haast, M.A.M., Ramstöck, K., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2002) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 238, p. 246; Shi, J., Zhu, T., Durlam, M., Chen, E., Tehrani, S., Zheng, Y.F., Zhu, J.G., (1998) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34, p. 997; Zheng, Y., Zhu, J.-G., (1997) Journal of Applied Physics, 81, p. 5471; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, p. 485; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90, p. 162516; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Shi, J.Z., Deng, J., Ding, J., Li, W.M., Leong, S.H., Zhao, J.M., (2012) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324, p. 264; Krone, P., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 106, p. 103913; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Wen, L., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36, p. 10; Scholz, W., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., (2004) Journal of Applied Physics, 95, p. 6807; Berger, A., Xu, Y., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41, p. 3178; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 27, p. 4975; Rachid, S., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 106, p. 023906; Brown, W.F., (1945) Reviews of Modern Physics, 17, p. 15; Aharoni, A., (1962) Reviews of Modern Physics, 34, p. 227; Kronmüller, H., Durst, K.D., Martinek, G., (1987) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 69, p. 149; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Physical Review B, 78, p. 024414; Li, W.M., Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Xue, J.M., Ding, J., (2011) Journal of Applied Physics, 109, pp. 07B758; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 105, pp. 07C105},
correspondence_address1={Ding, J.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Singapore 119260, Singapore; email: msedingj@nus.edu.sg},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima20121617,
author={Oshima, D. and Suharyadi, E. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={Observation of ferri-nonmagnetic boundary in CrPt 3 line-and-space patterned media using a dark-field transmission electron microscope},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={8},
pages={1617-1621},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.019},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855672945&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2011.12.019&partnerID=40&md5=a53f0f3c2c5e5c3225d9c62e1162cdb4},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Sumitomo-Ichibancho Bldg. 2F, 6 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 1028471, Japan},
abstract={Ion beam patterned CrPt 3 films were prepared by Kr + ion irradiation at a dose of 2×10 14 ions/cm 2 onto L1 2-ordered CrPt 3 whose surface was partially masked by electron beam patterned resists. Cross-sectional observation using transmission electron microscopy was carried out to study the patterning boundary of the CrPt 3 film. Dark-field imaging showed a distinct contrast between non-irradiated (L1 2 phase) and irradiated (A1 phase) regions. The transition width between the two phases was estimated to be about 5 nm, which agreed well with the value simulated by a transport ion in matter (TRIM) code simulation. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  CrPt 3;  Ion irradiation;  Phase change;  Transmission electron microscopy},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Code simulation;  Cross-sectional observations;  CrPt 3;  Dark field imaging;  Dark-field;  Line-and-space;  Patterned medias;  Phase Change;  Transition widths;  Transmission electron;  Transmission electron microscope, Electron beams;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Transmission electron microscopy, Electrons},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23360153, 23656196},
references={Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43, p. 3685; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 75, p. 403; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., (1999) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 198-199, p. 191; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferré, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) Journal of Applied Physics, 90, p. 3843; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41, p. 3595; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42, p. 2972; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 105, pp. 07C117; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., (2009) Journal of Applied Physics, 106, p. 053908; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2004) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic, 272, p. 778; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2010) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46, p. 1671; Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P., Littmark, W., (1985) The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, , Pergmon New York},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Takenaka20121444,
author={Takenaka, K. and Saidoh, N. and Nishiyama, N. and Ishimaru, M. and Futamoto, M. and Inoue, A.},
title={Read/write characteristics of a new type of bit-patterned-media using nano-patterned glassy alloy},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={7},
pages={1444-1448},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.12.009},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855440713&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2011.12.009&partnerID=40&md5=27fb9fd0ba023a2d13d1e536135936b0},
affiliation={RIMCOF-Tohoku University Laboratory, Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Kasuga 112-8551, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={The paper reports a feasibility study of new type bit-patterned-media using a nano-patterned glassy alloy template for ultra-high density hard disk applications. The prototype bit-patterned-media was prepared using a nano-hole array pattern fabricated on a Pd-based glassy alloy thin film and a Co/Pd multilayered film filled in the nano-holes. The prepared prototype bit-patterned-media had a smooth surface and isolated Co/Pd multilayer magnetic dots, where the average dot diameter, the average dot pitch and the average dot height were 30, 60 and 19 nm, respectively. MFM (magnetic force microscope) observation revealed that each dot was magnetized in a perpendicular direction and the magnetization could reverse when an opposite magnetic field was applied. Static read/write tester measurements showed that repeated writing and reading on isolated magnetic dots were possible in combination with conventional magnetic heads and high-accuracy positioning technologies. The present study indicates that the new type of bit-patterned-media composed of nano-hole arrays fabricated on glassy alloy film template and Co/Pd multilayer magnetic dots are promising for applications to next generation ultra-high density hard disk drives. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Glassy alloy;  Multilayered film;  Patterned-media;  Read/write characteristic;  Thermal nano-imprinting},
keywords={Glassy alloys;  Multi-layered films;  Nano-imprinting;  Patterned-media;  Read/write characteristic, Alloys;  Cerium alloys;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic heads;  Multilayers, Film preparation},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 22560302},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={Funding by “ New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) ” and “ Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) ” under “Technological Development of Innovative Components based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is also gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., (1977) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 13, pp. 1272-1277; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33, pp. 978-983; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Applied Physics Letters, 67, pp. 3114-3116; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) Journal of Applied Physics, 76, pp. 6673-6675; Matsuda, H., Nagae, M., Morikawa, T., Nishio, K., (2006) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45, pp. L406-L408; Zeng, H., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., Liu, Y., Menon, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., (2000) Journal of Applied Physics, 87, pp. 4718-4720; Saotome, Y., Imai, K., Shioda, S., Shimizu, S., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2002) Intermetallics, 10, pp. 1241-1247; Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, pp. 1969-1972; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Futamoto, M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2011) Journal of Alloys and Compound, 509 S, pp. S145-S147; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 105302; Carcia, P.F., Meinhalt, A.D., Suna, A., (1985) Applied Physics Letters, 47, pp. 178-180},
correspondence_address1={Takenaka, K.; RIMCOF-Tohoku University Laboratory, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcoftk@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalezhi2012,
author={Kalezhi, J. and Greaves, S.J. and Kanai, Y. and Schabes, M.E. and Grobis, M. and Miles, J.J.},
title={A statistical model of write-errors in bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.3691947},
art_number={053926},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858973680&doi=10.1063%2f1.3691947&partnerID=40&md5=6834f545d7985fea6ebd87865da51f95},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Mathematics Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, 10101, Zambia; RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, Hitachi GST, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={In bit patterned media (BPM), a magnetic data storage medium is patterned into nanoscale magnetic islands each representing one binary digit (bit). The recording performance of BPM depends upon the variability of island position, geometry, and magnetic characteristics. To understand the impact of the distributions of these parameters on the performance of BPM a detailed statistical model of write-errors has been developed. The islands can either be single layer or two-layer exchange coupled composite (ECC) structures. The modeling of ECC islands was made possible by the development of a 2-spin model to calculate switching field, coercivity, and energy barrier as a function of applied field which enables medium design to be optimized for a non-uniform write head field. The statistical model predicts coercivities and error rates in good agreement with a micromagnetic model but at significantly lower implementation and computational cost and shows good agreement with experimental data from drag-test experiments at 500 Gbit/in 2. The model enables the position tolerance of the write head to be determined from the magnetic characteristics of the write head and the storage medium and it is therefore a valuable system design tool. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Applied field;  Binary digits;  Bit-patterned media;  Coercivities;  Computational costs;  Error rate;  Exchange coupled;  Experimental data;  Magnetic characteristic;  Magnetic island;  Medium design;  Micromagnetic models;  Nano scale;  Recording performance;  Single layer;  Statistical models;  Storage medium;  Switching field;  Two layers;  Write heads, Coercive force;  Errors;  Magnetic storage;  Systems analysis, Nanocomposite films},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by EPSRC (PhD+), EPSRC under Grant No. EP/E017657/1 and by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR Program.},
references={Hughes, G., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2310. , 10.1109/20.800809; Hughes, G., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521. , 10.1109/20.825831; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166; Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., (2006) Physica B: Cond. Mat., 372, p. 312. , 10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.074; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 320, p. 2880. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001654; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111. , 10.1063/1.3072442; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3752. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2052626; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B755. , 10.1063/1.3562869; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 2540. , 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157993; Brown, W.F., (1979) IEEE Trans. Magn., 15, p. 1196. , 10.1109/TMAG.1979.1060329; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J., Belle, B.D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3531. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022407; Wood, R., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 100. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2006286; Beleggia, M., Tandon, S., Zhu, Y., De Graef, M., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 320, p. 270. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1314; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B702. , 10.1063/1.3536666; Saga, H., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B721. , 10.1063/1.3554201; Shen, X., Kapoor, M., Field, R., Victora, R.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 676. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.888231; http://www.jmag-international.com/products/studio_designer/index_studio. html; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, p. 366. , 10.1016/S0927-0256(03)00119-8},
correspondence_address1={Kalezhi, J.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Palunčić20121809,
author={Palunčić, F. and Abdel-Ghaffar, K.A.S. and Ferreira, H.C. and Clarke, W.A.},
title={A multiple insertion/deletion correcting code for run-length limited sequences},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
year={2012},
volume={58},
number={3},
pages={1809-1824},
doi={10.1109/TIT.2011.2172725},
art_number={6126037},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857760975&doi=10.1109%2fTIT.2011.2172725&partnerID=40&md5=e843edb59842834f00c53156f5fdea03},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States},
abstract={A code construction is proposed to add a multiple insertion/deletion error correcting capability to a run-length limited sequence. The codewords of this code are themselves run-length limited. The insertion/deletion correcting capability is achieved by requiring several weighted sums of run-lengths in the codewords to satisfy certain congruences modulo primes. The construction is similar to the number-theoretic code proposed by Dolecek and Anantharam, which can correct multiple repetition errors or, equivalently, multiple insertions of zeros. It is shown that if the codewords in this code are run-length limited, then the code is capable of correcting both insertions and deletions of zeros and ones. An algorithm is proposed for decoding over a multiple insertion/deletion channel. Following the work of Dolecek and Anantharam, a systematic encoding method is also proposed for the codes. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed construction has a higher rate asymptotically than the Helberg code, which is unconstrained in terms of run-lengths, even though our construction has the additional run-length constraints. The need for run-length limited codes that can correct insertion/deletion errors is motivated by bit-patterned media for magnetic recording. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Helberg code;  insertion/deletion error;  magnetic recording media;  run-length limited sequence},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Code construction;  Code-words;  Congruences modulo;  Correcting codes;  Encoding methods;  Helberg code;  Insertions and deletions;  magnetic recording media;  Run length;  Run length limited code;  Weighted Sum, Errors;  Magnetic recording, Codes (symbols)},
references={Ng, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picketshift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Kavcic, A., Achievable information rates for channels with insertions, deletions, and intersymbol interference with i.i.d. inputs (2010) IEEE Trans. Commun., 58 (4), pp. 1102-1111. , Apr; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Data-dependent write channel model for magnetic recording (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, pp. 958-962. , Austin, TX, Jun. 13-18; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Bours, P.A.H., Construction of fixed-length insertion/deletion correcting runlength-limited codes (1994) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 40 (6), pp. 1841-1856. , Nov; Ferreira, H.C., Abdel-Ghaffar, K.A.S., Cheng, L., Swart, T.G., Ouahada, K., Moment balancing templates: Constructions to add insertion/ deletion correction capability to error correcting or constrained codes (2009) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 55 (8), pp. 3494-3500. , Aug; Cheng, L., Ferreira, H.C., Broere, I., Moment balancing templates for (d,k) constrained code (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, pp. 1218-1222. , Austin, TX, Jun. 13-18; Blaum, M., Bruck, J., Melas, C.M., Van Tilborg, H.C.A., Methods for synchronizing (d,k)-constrained sequences (1994) Proc. 1994 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., 3, pp. 1800-1808. , New Orleans, LA, May 1-5; Roth, R.M., Siegel, P.H., Lee-metric BCH codes and their application to constrained and partial-response channels (1994) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 40 (4), pp. 1083-1096. , Jul; Varshamov, R.R., Tenengol'ts, G.M., Codes which correct single asymmetric errors (1965) Autom. Remote Control, 26 (2), pp. 286-290; Varshamov, R.R., A class of codes for asymmetric channels and a problem from the additive theory of numbers (1973) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 19 (1), pp. 92-95. , Jan; Delsarte, P., Piret, P., Spectral enumerators for certain additiveerror- correcting codes over integer alphabets (1981) Inf. Control, 48, pp. 193-210; Immink, K.A.S., (2004) Codes for Mass Data Storage Systems, , 2nd ed. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Shannon Foundation Publishers; Dolecek, L., Anantharam, V., Repetition error correcting sets: Explicit constructions and prefixing methods (2010) SIAM J. Discrete Math., 23 (4), pp. 2120-2146. , Jan; Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals (1966) Soviet Physics-Doklady, 10 (8), pp. 707-710. , Feb; Helberg, A.S.J., Ferreira, H.C., On multiple insertion/deletion correcting codes (2002) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 48 (1), pp. 305-308. , Jan; Roth, R.M., (2006) Introduction to Coding Theory, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Hardy, G.H., Wright, E.M., (1979) An Introduction to The Theory of Numbers, , 5th ed. London, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press; Von Zur Gathen, J., Gerhard, J., (2003) Modern Computer Algebra, , 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Berlekamp, E.R., Factoring polynomials over large finite fields (1970) Math. Comput., 24 (111), pp. 713-735. , Jul; Abdel-Ghaffar, K.A.S., Paluncić, F., Ferreira, H.C., Clarke, W.A., On Helberg's generalization of the Levenshtein code for multiple deletion/insertion error correction IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, , submitted for publication; Zehavi, E., Wolf, J.K., On runlength codes (1988) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 34 (1), pp. 45-54. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Palunčić, F.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, , Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; email: fpaluncic@uj.ac.za},
issn={00189448},
coden={IETTA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Piramanayagam2012141,
author={Piramanayagam, S.N. and Ranjbar, M. and Sbiaa, R. and Tavakkoli K.G.A. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Characterization of high-density bit-patterned media using ultra-high resolution magnetic force microscopy},
journal={Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters},
year={2012},
volume={6},
number={3},
pages={141-143},
doi={10.1002/pssr.201105537},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857599852&doi=10.1002%2fpssr.201105537&partnerID=40&md5=4ca3fe2258e9265854d1c42ab1d1483b},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, (ASTAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 117456 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media at one terabit-per-square-inch (Tb/in 2) recording density require a feature size of about 12 nm. The fabrication and characterization of such magnetic nanostructures is still a challenge. In this Letter, we show that magnetic dots can be resolved at 10 nm spacing using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) tips coated with a magnetic film possessing a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Compared to MFM tips with no special magnetic anisotropy, MFM tips with PMA can resolve the bits clearly, because of a smaller magnetic interaction volume, enabling a simple technique for characterizing fine magnetic nanostructures. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanostructures;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Feature sizes;  High-density;  Magnetic dots;  Magnetic force;  Magnetic force microscopy tips;  Magnetic interactions;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Recording density;  Ultrahigh resolution, Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, pp. R149; Terris, B.D., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Sbiaa, R., Piramanyagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 1, p. 29; Martin, Y., Wickramasinghe, H.K., (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett., 50, p. 1455; Saenz, J.J., (1987) J. Appl. Phys., 62, p. 4293; Hartmann, U., (1999) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 29, p. 53; Amos, N., (2008) Phys. Lett., 93, p. 203116; Catherine, C.B., Adam, S.G.C., (2003) J. Phys. D, 36, pp. R198; Rugar, D., (1990) J. Appl. Phys., 68, p. 1169; Wu, Y., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 1748; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07E326; Meng, H., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 110, p. 33904; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 092506; Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1878; Gao, L., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2194; Dreyer, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 6, p. 2975; Tavakkoli, A.K.G., (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 29, p. 011035},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: Prem-SN@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={18626254},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Physica Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2012,
author={Wang, Y. and Sharma, P. and Makino, A.},
title={Magnetization reversal in a preferred oriented (111) L1 0 FePt grown on a soft magnetic metallic glass for tilted magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Physics Condensed Matter},
year={2012},
volume={24},
number={7},
doi={10.1088/0953-8984/24/7/076004},
art_number={076004},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862727385&doi=10.1088%2f0953-8984%2f24%2f7%2f076004&partnerID=40&md5=175b827fd0a32abfe5f3ac93ef09f0ea},
affiliation={Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={L1 0 FePt is an important material for the fabrication of high density perpendicular recording media, but the ultrahigh coercivity of L1 0 FePt restricts its use. Tilting of the magnetic easy axis and the introduction of a soft magnetic underlayer can solve this problem. However, high temperature processing and the requirement of epitaxial growth conditions for obtaining an L1 0 FePt phase are the main hurdles to be overcome. Here, we introduce a bilayered magnetic structure ((111) L1 0 FePt/glassy Fe 71Nb 4Hf 3Y 2B 20/SiO 2/Si) in which the magnetic easy axis of L1 0 FePt is tilted by 36°from the film plane and epitaxial growth conditions are not required. The soft magnetic underlayer not only promotes the growth of L1 0 FePt with the preferred orientation but also provides an easy cost-effective micro/nanopatterning of recording bits. A detailed magnetic characterization of the bilayered structure in which the thickness of (111) L1 0 FePt with the soft magnetic Fe 71Nb 4Hf 3Y 2B 20 glassy underlayer varied from 5 to 60nm is carried out in an effort to understand the magnetization switching mechanism. The magnetization switching behavior is almost the same for bilayered structures in which FePt layer thickness is &gt;10nm (greater than the domain wall thickness of FePt). For FePt film 10nm thick, magnetization reversal takes place in a very narrow field range. Magnetization reversal first takes place in the soft magnetic underlayer. On further increase in the reverse magnetic field, the domain wall in the soft magnetic layer compresses at the interface of the hard and soft layers. Once the domain wall energy becomes sufficiently large to overcome the nucleation energy of the domain wall in L1 0 FePt, the magnetization of the whole bilayer is reversed. This process takes place quickly because the domain walls in the hard layer do not need to move, and the formation of a narrower domain wall may not be favorable energetically. Our results showed that the present bilayered structure is very promising for the fabrication of tilted bit-patterned magnetic recording media. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Bi-layer;  Bi-layered structure;  Domain wall energy;  Easy axis;  FePt films;  FePt layers;  FePt phase;  Film planes;  Growth conditions;  Hard layers;  High density;  High-temperature processing;  Magnetic characterization;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetization switching;  Magnetization switching mechanism;  Nucleation energy;  Perpendicular recording media;  Preferred orientations;  Soft layers;  Soft magnetic layers;  Soft magnetic underlayers;  Soft magnetics;  Underlayers;  Wall thickness, Domain walls;  Epitaxial growth;  Hafnium;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetization reversal;  Metallic glass;  Silicon compounds, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 22760002},
references={Iwasaki, S., (2009) M J A Proc. Japan Acad., 85 (2), p. 37; Suzuki, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Ouchi, K., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (2), p. 691; Gao, K.Z., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (6), p. 3675; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (6), p. 1050; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., Li, G.Q., Ishio, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (3); Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), p. 3178; Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8); Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (16); Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), p. 537; Alexandrakis, V., Th, S., Manios, E., Niarchos, D., Fidler, J., Lee, J., Varvaro, G., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7); Makarov, D., Lee, J., Schubert, C., Fuger, M., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (6); Deakin, T., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Wu, S.Z., Chubykalo-Fesenko, O., Ogrady, K., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), p. 856; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), p. 545; Tsai, J.L., Tzeng, H.T., Lin, G.B., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (3); Goll, D., Breitling, A., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (5); Casoli, F., Albertini, F., Nasi, L., Fabbrici, S., Cabassi, R., Bolzoni, F., Bocchi, C., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92 (14); Ma, B., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Sun, C., Acharya, R., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (8); Laenens, B., Planckaert, N., Demeter, J., Trekels, M., Labbe, C., Strohm, C., Ruffer, R., Meersschaut, J., (2010) Phys. Rev., 82 (10); Wang, H., Rahman, M.T., Zhao, H., Isowaki, Y., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Wang, J.P., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7); Sun, A.C., Yuan, F.T., Hsu, J.H., Lin, Y.H., Kuo, P.C., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (1), p. 139; Wang, F., Xu, X.H., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., (2011) Mater. Chem. Phys., 126 (3), p. 843; Carbucicchio, M., Ciprian, R., Palombarini, G., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322 (9-12), p. 1307; Pellicelli, R., Pernechele, C., Solzi, M., Ghidini, M., Casoli, F., Albertini, F., (2008) Phys. Rev., 78 (18); Chen, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), p. 1990; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrelf, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108 (1); Guo, V.W., Lee, H., Luo, Y., Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.G., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (6), p. 2686; Zou, Y.Y., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82 (15), p. 2473; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., (2005) Nature Mater., 4 (3), p. 203; Richter, H.J., (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29 (5), p. 2258; Cumpson, S.R., Middleton, B.K., Miles, J.J., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 154 (3), p. 382; Hoshi, Y., Naoe, M., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24 (6), p. 3015; Zheng, Y., Wang, J.P., Ng, V., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), p. 8007; Klemmer, T.J., Pelhos, K., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (16); Zha, C.L., Persson, J., Bonetti, S., Fang, Y.Y., Akerman, J., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (16); Kaushik, N., Sharma, P., Yubuta, K., Makino, A., Inoue, A., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97 (7); Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Makino, A., Esashi, M., Inoue, A., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (7); Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Kimura, H., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2007) Nanotechnology, 18 (3); Long, Z., Shao, Y., Xu, F., Wei, H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, P., Su, X., (2009) Mater. Sci. Eng., 164 (1), p. 1; Sharma, P., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100 (8); Sharma, P., Mansingh, A., Sreenivas, K., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (4), p. 553; Dannenberg, A., Gruner, M.E., Hucht, A., Entel, P., (2009) Phys. Rev., 80 (24); Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (6); Emura, M., Cornejo, D.R., Missell, F.P., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (3), p. 1387; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M., Lee, W., Toney, M., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), p. 10; Hinzke, D., Kazantseva, N., Nowak, U., Mryasov, O.N., Asselin, P., Chantrell, R.W., (2008) Phys. Rev., 77 (9); Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108 (11); Kohda, M., Ohtsu, A., Seki, T., Fujita, A., Nitta, J., Mitani, S., Takanashi, K., (2008) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (4), p. 3269; Guan, L., Zhu, J.G., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93 (10), p. 7735; Wang, J.P., Zou, Y.Y., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Zheng, Y.F., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), p. 1930; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2011) Intermag.},
correspondence_address1={Wang, Y.; Institute for Materials Research, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
issn={09538984},
coden={JCOME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys Condens Matter},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dong20121034,
author={Dong, Q. and Li, G. and Ho, C.-L. and Faisal, M. and Leung, C.-W. and Pong, P.W.-T. and Liu, K. and Tang, B.-Z. and Manners, I. and Wong, W.-Y.},
title={A polyferroplatinyne precursor for the rapid fabrication of L1 0-FePt-type bit patterned media by nanoimprint lithography},
journal={Advanced Materials},
year={2012},
volume={24},
number={8},
pages={1034-1040},
doi={10.1002/adma.201104171},
note={cited By 128},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863115892&doi=10.1002%2fadma.201104171&partnerID=40&md5=01e72d400567d9f1265ca2e241b8ff4e},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom},
abstract={A polyferroplatinyne polymer can be patterned on the surface of Si wafer in ordered nanoline or nanodot shapes with PDMS molds through nanoimprint lithography (NIL), and subsequent thermal treatment gives rise to the nanopatterned arrays of L1 0-FePt nanoparticles with the same periodicities. The method offers excellent potential to be utilized in the simple and rapid fabrication of bit patterned media for magnetic data recording. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  FePt nanoparticles;  magnetic data recording;  metallopolymers;  nanoimprint lithography},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  Magnetic data;  Metallopolymers;  Nano-imprint, Data recording;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoparticles;  Silicon wafers, Nanoimprint lithography, alloy;  iron;  nanoparticle;  platinum;  polymer, article;  chemistry;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  printing;  time, Alloys;  Iron;  Nanoparticles;  Nanotechnology;  Platinum;  Polymers;  Printing;  Time Factors},
chemicals_cas={iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; platinum, 7440-06-4; Alloys; Iron, 7439-89-6; Platinum, 7440-06-4; Polymers},
references={Sun, S., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 393; Frey, N.A., Peng, S., Cheng, K., Sun, S., (2009) Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, p. 2532; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 27, p. 1989; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Wang, J.P., (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96, p. 1847; Moser, A., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157; Thomson, T., Lee, S.L., Toney, M.F., Dewhurst, C.D., Ogrin, F.Y., Oates, C.J., Sun, S., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, pp. 64441-64441; Nguyen, H.L., Howard, L.E.M., Stinton, G.W., Giblin, S.R., Tanner, B.K., Terry, I., Hughes, A.K., Evans, J.S.O., (2006) Chem. Mater., 18, p. 6414; Capobianchi, A., Colapietro, M., Fiorani, D., Foglia, S., Imperatori, P., Laureti, S., Palange, E., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 2007; Wellons, M.S., Morris, W.H., Gai, Z., Shen, J., Bentley, J., Wittig, J.E., Lukehart, C.M., (2007) Chem. Mater., 19, p. 2483; Kim, J., Rong, C., Liu, J.P., Sun, S., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, p. 906; Suda, M., Einaga, Y., (2009) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48, p. 1754; Englert, B.C., Scholz, S., Leech, P.J., Srinivasarao, M., Bunz, U.H.F., (2005) Chem. Eur. J., 11, p. 995; Whittell, G.R., Hager, M.D., Schubert, U.S., Manners, I., (2011) Nat. Mater., 10, p. 176; Wong, W.-Y., (2007) Dalton Trans., 40, p. 4495; Ruotsalainen, T., Turku, J., Heikkilä, P., Ruokolainen, J., Nykänen, A., Laitinen, T., Torkkeli, M., Ikkala, O., (2005) Adv. Mater., 17, p. 1048; Jim, C.K.W., Qin, A., Mahtab, F., Lam, J.W.Y., Tang, B.Z., (2011) Chem. Asian J., 6, p. 2753; Clendenning, S.B., Aouba, S., Rayat, M.S., Grozea, D., Sorge, J.B., Brodersen, P.M., Sodhi, R.N.S., Manners, I., (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, p. 215; Liu, K., Ho, C.L., Aouba, S., Zhao, Y.Q., Lu, Z.H., Petrov, S., Coombs, N., Manners, I., (2008) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47, p. 1255; Guo, L., (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, p. 495; Guo, Q., Teng, X., Yang, H., (2004) Adv. Mater., 15, p. 1337; Liu, K., Fournier-Bidoz, S., Ozin, G.A., Manners, I., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 1781; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301; Crangle, J., Shaw, J.A., (1962) Philos. Mag., 7, p. 207; Huang, Y.H., Wu, J.T., Yang, S.Y., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 849; Jim, K.L., Lee, F.K., Xin, J.Z., Leung, C.W., Chan, H.L.W., Chen, Y., (2010) Microelectron. Eng., 87, p. 959; Srinivasan, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Kay, Y.S., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 33901-33901; Xia, W.X., Murakami, Y., Shindo, D., Takahashi, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 13926-13921; Hosaka, S., Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Microelectron. Eng., 85, p. 774; Muechlberger, M., Boehm, M., Bergmair, I., Chouiki, M., Schoeftner, R., Kreindl, G., Kast, M., Miller, R., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 2070; Seagate. Press release: Seagate breaks areal density barrier: unveils the world's first hard drive featuring 1 terabyte per platerr. (May 2011); Austin, M.D., Ge, H., Wu, W., Li, M., Yu, Z., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, pp. 5299-5291; Austin, M.D., Zhang, W., Ge, H., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, p. 1058; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, pp. 222512-222511; Catchpole, K.R., Polman, A., (2008) Opt. Express, 16, p. 21793; McPhillips, J., McClatchey, C., Kelly, T., Murphy, A., Jonsson, M.P., Wurtz, G.A., Winfield, R.J., Pollard, R.J., (2011) J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, p. 15234},
correspondence_address1={Pong, P.W.-T.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; email: ppong@eee.hku.hk},
issn={09359648},
coden={ADVME},
pubmed_id={22290721},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaganovskiy2012,
author={Kaganovskiy, L. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Influence of low anisotropy inclusions on magnetization reversal in bit-patterned arrays},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2012},
volume={111},
number={3},
doi={10.1063/1.3679563},
art_number={033924},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857396011&doi=10.1063%2f1.3679563&partnerID=40&md5=ce9ef2b8184fd6669ec85ceaea0d2e5a},
affiliation={Mathematics Department, Touro College, Brooklyn, NY 11230, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Center for Integrated Bio and Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={Switching field variations due to low anisotropy inclusions in disk-shaped magnetic nanostructures with vertical magnetic anisotropy for applications in perpendicular recording bit-patterned medium are analyzed micromagnetically. The influence of various material parameters and geometry on switching field is analyzed. It is found that the size of the low anisotropy inclusion strongly affects the switching field. However, the dependence significantly weakens when inclusions' size becomes comparable to the exchange lengths, also known as domain wall thickness. The location of the inclusion within a bit has only a weak influence on the switching field. Scaling of the bit and the inclusion dimensions result in a system with very similar switching properties. The observed deviations from scalability are attributed to the presence of a non-scalable parameter of micromagnetic models, namely, the domain wall thickness, also known as exchange length. The switching field strongly depends on the bit diameter when the inclusion represents a significant fraction of the bit size-wise. The number of the inclusions in a bit has a relatively weak influence on the switching field, as one inclusion always dominates the magnetization reversal process. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Exchange length;  Low anisotropy;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetization reversal process;  Material parameter;  Micromagnetic models;  Perpendicular recording;  Switching field;  Switching properties;  Wall thickness, Anisotropy;  Magnetization reversal, Switching},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, CMMI-0927786, ECCS-0702752, ECCS-0926027},
funding_text 1={This research is supported in part by NSF Grants ECCS-0926027, CMMI-0927786, and ECCS-0702752, and with the resources of the Center for Integrated Bio and Nanosystems. The authors would like to thank Dr. Dieter Weller of Hitachi GST for fruitful discussions. FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic of a generic disk-shaped bit with an inclusion. (a) Inclusion is in the center; (b) inclusion is off-center. FIG. 2. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the ratio of anisotropy of the inclusion to the anisotropy of the disk K U   inclusion / K U . Top: 0.1 to 1 range. Bottom: 0.001 to 10 range, presented in semilog scale. FIG. 3. (Color online) Switching field (SF) vs the ratio of anisotropy of the inclusion to the anisotropy of the disk K U   inclusion / K U for several bit/inclusion sizes appropriately scaled. Top: 0.1 to 1 range. Bottom: 0.001 to 10 range, presented in semilog scale. FIG. 4. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the ratio of saturation magnetization of the inclusion to the saturation magnetization of the disk M S   inclusion / M S . FIG. 5. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field (SF) on the ratio of saturation magnetization of the low anisotropy inclusion to the saturation magnetization of the disk M S   inclusion / M S for several bit/inclusion sizes appropriately scaled. FIG. 6. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the low anisotropy inclusion diameter for two different magnetic anisotropies of the inclusion. FIG. 7. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the inclusion diameter for A exchange = 1 . 3 × 1 0 - 11 J / m and A exchange = 2 . 6 × 1 0 - 11 J / m . FIG. 8. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the diameter of the bit. Inclusion diameter is kept constant at 10 nm. FIG. 9. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on bit thickness for bit and inclusion diameters of 50 nm and 10 nm, respectively. FIG. 10. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the displacement of the inclusion from the center (normalized to the radius of the bit) for several cases of bit/inclusion diameters. FIG. 11. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the tilt of the anisotropy axis of the low anisotropy inclusion. K U   inclusion  = 0.3 K U . FIG. 12. (Color online) The dependence of the switching field on the number of low anisotropy inclusions with K U   inclusion  = 0.3 K U .},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 978. , 10.1109/20.560142; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), p. 4. , 10.1109/20.824417; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (10), p. 6845. , DOI 10.1063/1.1447174; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Smith, Ch.E.D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (11), p. 113901. , 10.1063/1.2975836; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Rantschler, C.E..J., Zhang, S., Khizroev, S., Lee, T.R., Litvinov, D., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103 (7), pp. 07B510. , 10.1063/1.2975836; Litvinov, D., Parekh, V., Ch., E., Smith, D., Rantschler, J., Ruchhoeft, P., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., (2008) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 7 (4), p. 463. , 10.1109/TNANO.2008.920183; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wong, S.K., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 142503. , 10.1063/1.3645634; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 101 (2), p. 023909. , DOI 10.1063/1.2431399; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.-H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 10.1063/1.2822439; Engel, B.N., England, C.D., Vanleeuwen, R.A., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67 (14), p. 1910. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1910; Dova, P., Laidler, H., O'Grady, K., Toney, M.F., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (5), p. 2775. , 10.1063/1.369593; Pfau, B., Guenther, C.M., Guehrs, E., Hauet, T., Yang, H., Vinh, L., Xu, X., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99 (6), p. 062502. , 10.1063/1.3623488; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82 (14), p. 144437. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144437; Guo, V.W., Lee, H.-S., Zhu, J.-G., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109 (9), p. 093908; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (2003) Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework, Tech. Rep., , (NIST); Hubert, R., Schafer, A., (2008) Magnetic Domains: The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures, , (Springer-Verlag, Berlin); Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58 (18), p. 12193. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193},
correspondence_address1={Kaganovskiy, L.; Mathematics Department, , Brooklyn, NY 11230, United States; email: leonkag@gmail.com},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2012264,
author={Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Shi, J.Z. and Deng, J. and Ding, J. and Li, W.M. and Leong, S.H. and Zong, B.Y. and Ko, H.Y.Y. and Hu, S.B. and Zhao, J.M.},
title={Individual bit island reversal and switching field distribution in perpendicular magnetic bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={264-268},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.094},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053606270&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.11.094&partnerID=40&md5=73bae802af190f5ecfddf43d1b8c60aa},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A STAR, 117602 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The switching of single bit magnetic islands in bit patterned media (BPM) for two cases with 10 times difference in coercivity, as well as the switching field distribution (SFD) of the islands, has been studied using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements. The intrinsic SFD is measured to be ∼911% of the remanence coercivity (Hcr), which contributes only ∼2050% of the total SFD broadening (∼2341% of Hcr). High resolution MFM observations clearly showed the influence of surrounding islands on the switching behaviour and switching fields of individual bit islands, resulting in significant contributions in SFD broadening due to non-intrinsic dipolar interactions. It was further observed that single magnetic islands could be switched within a very narrow switching field range as small as 4 Oe, which indicates very sharp and uniform switching for each individual island of BPM. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic recording;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar interaction;  High resolution;  Magnetic force;  Magnetic island;  Remanence coercivity;  Single-bit;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Coercive force;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography, Switching},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 4975; Berger, A., Xu, Y., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3178; Chen, Y.J., Ding, J., Deng, J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Shi, J.Z., Zong, B.Y., Liu, B., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C105; Chen, Y.J., Ng, K.W., Leong, S.H., Guo, Z.B., Shi, J.Z., Liu, B., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2195; Pang, B.S., Chen, Y.J., Leong, S.H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 094103; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725},
correspondence_address1={Chen, Y.J.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: CHEN_Yunjie@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akagi2012309,
author={Akagi, F. and Mukoh, M. and Mochizuki, M. and Ushiyama, J. and Matsumoto, T. and Miyamoto, H.},
title={Thermally assisted magnetic recording with bit-patterned media to achieve areal recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={309-313},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.082},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053604491&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.11.082&partnerID=40&md5=0cb56e4f5e5de1fe5718b8abac310bfc},
affiliation={Hitachi CRL, 1-280, Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-0086, Japan; Hitachi GST Japan, 1, Kirihara-cho, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa-ken 252-8588, Japan},
abstract={Thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAR) with bit-patterned media was investigated by micromagnetic simulation. The media were assumed to be FePt layers. The effective head-field margin as well as the increase in temperature margin and down-track shift margin was investigated. Conditions of the head and medium that lead to a recording density beyond 5 Tb/in2 were proposed. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={5 Tb/in2;  Bit-patterned medium;  Down-track shift margin;  Effective head-field margin;  Temperature margin;  Thermally assisted magnetic recording},
keywords={5 Tb/in2;  Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  Down-track shift margin;  Effective head-field margin;  FePt layers;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Recording density, Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetic recording},
references={Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., New recording method combining thermo-magnetic writing and flux detection (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Pt 1, 38 (3 B), pp. 1839-1840; Akagi, F., Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Effect of switching field gradient for thermally assisted magnetic recording (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09H501; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Peng, C., Raush, T., Progress and prospects in heat assisted magnetic recording (2007) Proceedings of the TuA1 Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting and Tabletop Exhibit, Portland, Oregon, May; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 4423-4439; Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., Hieda, H., Kikitsu, A., Naito, K., Koda, T., Thermally assisted magnetic recording on a bit-patterned medium by using a near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 (3), p. 031108; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T., Poon, C., Balamane, H., Boone, T., Katine, J., Li, J.-L., Terris, B., Thermally assisted magnetic recording at up to 1 Tb/in2 using a plasmonic near-field transducer with integrated waveguide and write pole (2010) Proceedings of the Ninth MMM-Intermag, Washington, DC, USA, January; Matsumoto, T., Mochizuki, M., Akagi, F., Naniwa, I., Iwanabe, Y., Takei, H., Nemoto, H., Miyamoto, H., Integrated head design for thermally assisted magnetic recording - Toward 2.5 Tb/in2-class recording (2010) Proceedings of Ninth MMM-Intermag, BB-02, Washington, DC, USA, January; Takahashi, Y., Hono, K., Ordering process and size effect of FePt magnetic thin films (2005) Magn. Soc. Jpn., 29 (2), pp. 72-79; Miyazaki, T., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Shimada, Y., Size effect on the ordering of L10 FePt nanoparticles (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72. , 144419-1; Chikazumi, S., (1998) Physics of Ferromagnetism, 1. , Shokabo Tokyo p. 124; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe55-xNixPt45L10 films (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 6595-6600; Tanahashi, K., Nakagawa, H., Araki, R., Kashiwase, H., Nemoto, H., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 799-804},
correspondence_address1={Akagi, F.; Hitachi CRL, 1-280, Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-0086, Japan; email: fumiko.akagi.dd@hitachi.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hachisu2012303,
author={Hachisu, T. and Sato, W. and Ishizuka, S. and Sugiyama, A. and Mizuno, J. and Osaka, T.},
title={Injection of synthesized FePt nanoparticles in hole-patterns for bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={303-308},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.12.023},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053601526&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.12.023&partnerID=40&md5=27f6b56affe2b51e60c391af7e70f684},
affiliation={Faculty of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={FePt nanoparticles of uniform sizes, compositions, and crystal structures can be obtained by chemical synthesis. Additionally, the nanoparticles can be well dispersed by the adsorption of a surfactant on the nanoparticle surface. Previously, the immobilization of FePt nanoparticles on a thermal oxide Si substrate was carried out by chemical synthesis, utilizing the PtS bonding between the -SH functional group in (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, MPTMS and Pt in FePt nanoparticles. However, controlling FePt nanoparticle arrays by this synthesis method was very difficult. In the present study, we attempted to control the distortion of the arrangement of FePt nanoparticles using an MPTMS layer modified with a silane coupling reaction and a geometrical structure prepared by ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL). In this study, the hole-patterns used for the geometrical structure on Si(1 0 0) were 200 nm wide, 40 nm deep, and had a 500 nm pitch. The 5.6 nm FePt nanoparticles were used to coat the hole-patterns by using a picoliter pipette. An XHR-SEM image clearly revealed that the FePt nanoparticles were successfully arranged as a single layer with an average pitch of 10.0 nm by PtS bonding in the hole-patterns on Si(1 0 0). © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Chemical bonding;  Geometrical structure;  Synthesized FePt nanoparticle},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Chemical bonding;  Chemical synthesis;  Fe-Pt nanoparticle;  Geometrical structure;  Nanoparticle surface;  Si substrates;  Si(1 0 0);  Silane coupling;  Single layer;  Synthesis method;  Thermal oxides;  Trimethoxysilane;  Ultraviolet-nanoimprint lithography;  Uniform size;  Well-dispersed, Adsorption;  Chemical bonds;  Functional groups;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Platinum;  Silicon;  Surface active agents;  Synthesis (chemical), Nanoparticles},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 20002006},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={We deeply thank Mr. Hirafuji, who is a member of Altair, for providing valuable support and suggestions. The XHR-SEM measurements were performed with the support of Shimadzu Co. Ltd. and FEI Company Japan Ltd., and we wish to express our gratitude. This work was partly supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research “Establishment of Electrochemical Device Engineering” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, and by the Global COE program “Center for Practical Chemical Wisdom” from MEXT.},
references={Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Chen, M., Liu, J.P., Sun, S., (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, p. 8394; Chen, M., Kim, J., Liu, J.P., Fan, H., Sun, S., (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 7132; Sun, S., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 393; Kang, S., Jia, Z., Shi, S., Nikles, D.E., Harrell, J.W., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 062503; Wellons, M.S., Morris, W.H., Gai, Z., Shen, J., Bentley, J., Wittig, J.E., Lukehart, C.M., (2007) Chem. Mater., 19, p. 2483; Jeyadevan, B., Shinoda, K., Justin, R.J., Matsumoto, T., Sato, K., Takahashi, H., Sato, Y., Tohji, K., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 3030; Momose, S., Kodama, H., Uzumaki, T., Tanaka, A., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 44, p. 1147; Hachisu, T., Yotsumoto, T., Sugiyama, A., Iida, H., Nakanishi, T., Asahi, T., Osaka, T., (2008) Chem. Lett., 37, p. 840; Hachisu, T., Yotsumoto, T., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2009) ECS Trans, 16, p. 199; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2010) J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, p. 514; Bodnarchuk, M.I., Kovalenko, M.V., Pichler, S., Fritz-Popovski, G., Hesser, G., Heiss, W., (2010) ACS Nano, 4, p. 423},
correspondence_address1={Osaka, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; email: osakatets@waseda.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang2012276,
author={Zhang, K. and Wei, D.},
title={Micromagnetic studies for bit patterned media above 2 Tbit/in.2},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={276-281},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.12.013},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053600428&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.12.013&partnerID=40&md5=b8bc7cedff76c3697d700342bc183b87},
affiliation={Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) recording is a candidate for extremely high density magnetic recording. A micromagnetic model is built up to analyze the phase diagram of the correct-write-in condition in BPM above 2 Tb/in. 2 fabricated by lithography or ion irradiation methods. The target of the study is to acquire the relationship between the recording performance and the magnetic properties of the media. The medium includes the polycrystalline grains and grain boundary. In BPM fabricated by lithography with FCT structure, two phase diagrams of the correct-write-in condition are found for the anisotropy angular distribution Δθ, the ratio of tetragonal anisotropy K22 to uniaxial anisotropy K1 and the uniaxial anisotropy distribution ΔK1. In BPM fabricated by ion irradiation methods, two phase diagrams of the correct-write-in condition are analyzed for the ratio of saturation magnetization M′s/M s, anisotropy field H′k/Hk and the exchange field H′ex/Hex in the ion irradiated region and the bit islands. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned medium;  Ion irradiation;  Magnetic property;  Micromagnetic;  Phase diagram;  Write-in},
keywords={Anisotropy field;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  Exchange fields;  High-density magnetic recording;  Micromagnetic models;  Micromagnetic study;  Micromagnetics;  Polycrystalline grains;  Recording performance;  Uniaxial anisotropy;  Write-in, Angular distribution;  Fabrication;  Grain boundaries;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Phase diagrams;  Saturation magnetization, Anisotropy},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. 199-R222; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Characterization of a 2 Tbit/in.2 patterned media recording system (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3434-3437; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Parekh, V., Smith, D., Chunsheng, E., Rantschler, J., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., He ion irradiation study of continuous and patterned CoPd multilayers (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 083904; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of CoPt multilayers by gallium irradiation - Part 1. The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849; Wei, D., Liu, B., Effect of anisotropy field magnitude distribution on signal-to-noise ratio (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (5), p. 4381; Li, Z., Cao, J., Wei, F., Piao, K., She, S., Wei, D., Micromagnetic analysis of L10 ordered FePt perpendicular recording media prepared by magnetron sputtering (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102 (11), p. 113918},
correspondence_address1={Wei, D.; Laboratory of Advanced Materials, , Beijing 100084, China; email: weidan@tsinghua.edu.cn},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bashir2012269,
author={Bashir, M.A. and Schrefl, T. and Dean, J. and Goncharov, A. and Hrkac, G. and Allwood, D.A. and Suess, D.},
title={Head and bit patterned media optimization at areal densities of 2.5 Tbit/in2 and beyond},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={269-275},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.081},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053598843&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.11.081&partnerID=40&md5=25ec5ad6effc1cbac3568bce1886c25f},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; St. Poelten University of Applied Science, St. Poelten, Austria; Institute of Solid State Physics, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria},
abstract={Global optimization of writing head is performed using micromagnetics and surrogate optimization. The shape of the pole tip is optimized for bit patterned, exchange spring recording media. The media characteristics define the effective write field and the threshold values for the head field that acts at islands in the adjacent track. Once the required head field characteristics are defined, the pole tip geometry is optimized in order to achieve a high gradient of the effective write field while keeping the write field at the adjacent track below a given value. We computed the write error rate and the adjacent track erasure for different maximum anisotropy in the multilayer, graded media. The results show a linear trade off between the error rate and the number of passes before erasure. For optimal head media combinations we found a bit error rate of 10-6 with 108 pass lines before erasure at 2.5 Tbit/in2. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Adjacent track erasure;  Bit error rate;  Bit patterned media;  Head optimization},
keywords={Adjacent track;  Adjacent track erasure;  Areal densities;  Bit patterned media;  Bit-errors;  Error rate;  Exchange springs;  Graded media;  Head fields;  High gradient;  Micromagnetics;  Optimal head;  Recording media;  Surrogate optimization;  Tip geometry;  Trade off;  Write field, Global optimization;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Optimization;  Poles, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/F069359/1},
references={Iwasaki, S.-I., (2010) Digest of PMRC, pp. 17aA-1; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfed, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Richter, H.J., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2790; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Victoria, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Dean, J., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 222502; Hahn, D., Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Cazacu, A., Gubbins, M.A., Suess, D., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1866; Suess, D., Fidler, J., Zimany, G., Schrefl, T., Visscher, P., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 173111; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 917; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Allwood, D., Suess, D., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3519; Scholz, W., Batra, S., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F539; Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Fidler, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3851; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nat. Mater., 2, p. 524; Winkler, G., Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Bashir, M.A., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 232501; Kanai, Y., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3609; Kanai, Y., Jinbo, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Greaves, S.J., Yoshida, K., Muraoka, H., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 715; Kanai, Y., Yamakawa, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 518; Okamoto, Y., Akiyama, K., Takahashi, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 1087; Okamoto, Y., Ohtake, M., Takahashi, N., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 1788; Bai, D.Z., Yan, W., Dovek, M., Yue, L., Xiaofeng, Z., Kowang, L., Takano, K., Yuchen, Z., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 722; Gao, K.Z., Heinonen, O., Chen, Y., (2009) Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 495; Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2172; Schrefl, T., Hahn, D., Bashir, M.A., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Dean, J., Lee, J., Suess, D., (2009) TMRC, 3 B; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, p. 366; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, p. 12; CIMNE International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, , http://gid.cimne.upc.es/, GiD, The personal pre and post processor last accessed: June 19, 2010; Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, , Wiley New York p. 794; Dean, J., Bashir, M.A., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Schrefl, T., Cazacu, A., Suess, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 142505; Bai, D.Z., Zhu, J.-G., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6540; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 4521; Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Goncharov, A., Dean, J., Bance, S., Bashir, M.A., Suess, D., (2008) Applied Computing Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, ACC'08, p. 430; Dennis, H.P., (2003) Proceedings AMSE Turbo Exp 2003, , Atlanta GA, June 1619, GT2003; Suess, D., Eder, S., Lee, J., Dittrich, R., Fidler, J., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430; Wang, J.P., Shen, W., Bai, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3181; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Dittrich, R., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290-291, p. 551; Feng, X., Visscher, P.B., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 6988; Ertl, O., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Schabes, M.E., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290-291, p. 518; Scholz, W., Batra, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 702; Fujita, N., Inaba, N., Kirino, F., Igarashi, S., Koike, K., Kato, H., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3019; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430},
correspondence_address1={Bashir, M.A.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; email: m.bashir@sheffield.ac.uk},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greaves2012314,
author={Greaves, S.J. and Muraoka, H. and Kanai, Y.},
title={The potential of bit patterned media in shingled recording},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2012},
volume={324},
number={3},
pages={314-320},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.12.017},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053593771&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=bd37ada3a358b83ad0eb7ff6dfca84de},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; IEE, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={Shingled recording on continuous and bit patterned media (BPM) is compared. From a recording viewpoint, continuous media have the advantage due to the lack of a need to synchronise writing with dot position. For BPM the write windows at 4 Tbit/in2 are only a couple of nm across, requiring extremely tight manufacturing tolerances. In readback, BPM have the higher SNR over a wide range of areal densities due to the absence of transition noise and erase bands. Significant increases in areal density could be achieved using BPM, provided dot uniformity could be maintained. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Composite media;  Shingled recording},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Composite media;  Continuous media;  Dot uniformity;  Manufacturing tolerances;  Shingled recording;  Transition noise, Nanoimprint lithography},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, RSF},
funding_text 1={The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Storage Research Consortium (SRC). Some of the results in this paper were obtained using the resources of the Cyberscience Centre, Tohoku University.},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, J., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 917-923; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled recording for 23 Tb/in2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3823-3829; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 1460-1463; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 537-542; Inaba, Y., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Sato, H., Oikawa, T., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Nakamura, Y., Preliminary study on (CoPtCr/NiFe)-SiO2 hard/soft-stacked perpendicular recording media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3136-3138; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Simulations of recording media for 1 Tb/in2 (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2889-2893; Kanai, Y., Jinbo, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Greaves, S.J., Yoshida, K., Muraoka, H., Finite-element and micromagnetic modeling of write heads for shingled recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 715-720; Cross, R.W., Montemorra, M., (2010) Drive Based Recording Analyses at &gt; 800 Gb / in 2 Using Shingled Recording, PMRC 2010, Sendai, , Japan paper 19pB1},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.J.; RIEC, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Brombacher2012,
author={Brombacher, C. and Grobis, M. and Lee, J. and Fidler, J. and Eriksson, T. and Werner, T. and Hellwig, O. and Albrecht, M.},
title={L1 0 FePtCu bit patterned media},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2012},
volume={23},
number={2},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/23/2/025301},
art_number={025301},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83755161677&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f23%2f2%2f025301&partnerID=40&md5=29f001052aafb5914f813517bf09daf1},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1040, Austria; Obducat Technologies AB, PO Box 580, SE-201 25 Malmö, Sweden; Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany},
abstract={Chemically ordered 5nm-thick L1 0 FePtCu films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were post-patterned by nanoimprint lithography into a dot array over a 3mm-wide circumferential band on a 3inch Si wafer. The dots with a diameter of 30nm and a center-to-center pitch of 60nm appear as single domain and reveal an enhanced switching field as compared to the continuous film. We demonstrate successful recording on a single track using shingled writing with a conventional hard disk drive write/read head.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Continuous films;  Dot array;  Hard Disk Drive;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Si wafer;  Single domains;  Single-tracks;  Switching field, Hard disk storage;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic thick films;  Semiconducting silicon compounds;  Silicon wafers, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Hamann, H.F., Martin, Y.C., Wickramasinghe, H.K., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 810; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Stipe, B.C., (2010) Nature Photon., 4, p. 484; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Thiele, J.-U., Folks, L., Toney, M.F., Weller, D.K., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 5686; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Tonner, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Kurth, F., Weisheit, M., Leistner, K., Gemming, T., Holzapfel, B., Schultz, L., Fähler, S., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 184404; Kazakova, O., Hanson, M., Svedberg, E.B., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2747; Seki, T., Shima, T., Yakushiji, K., Takanashi, K., Li, G.Q., Ishio, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 043915; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, D.J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 172508; Wang, D., Seki, T., Takanashi, K., Shima, T., (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, p. 195008; Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2011) Nanotechnology, 22, p. 315301; Kim, H., Noh, J.-S., Roh, J.W., Chun, D.W., Kim, S., Jung, S.H., Kang, H.K., Lee, W., (2011) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 6, p. 13; McCallum, A.T., Krone, P., Springer, F., Brombacher, C., Albrecht, M., Dobisz, E., Grobis, M., Hellwig, O., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 242503; Yan, M.L., Xu, Y.F., Sellmyer, D.J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G903; Makarov, D., Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Schubert, C., Fuger, M., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 062501; Zha, C.L., Dumas, R.K., Fang, Y.Y., Bonanni, V., Nogués, J., Kerman, J., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 182504; Li, B.-H., Feng, C., Yang, T., Teng, J., Zhai, Z.-H., Yu, G.-H., Zhu, F.-W., (2006) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, p. 1018; Maeda, T., Kai, T., Kikitsu, A., Nagase, T., Akiyama, J., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 2147; Kai, K., Maeda, T., Kikitsu, A., Akiyama, J., Nagase, T., Kishi, T., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 609; Ulbrich, T.C., Assmann, D., Albrecht, M., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 084311; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys., 2, p. 161; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; Eriksson, T., Yamada, S., Krishnan, P.V., Ramasamy, S., Heidari, B., (2011) Microelectron. Eng., 88, p. 293; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Phil. Trans. R. Soc., 240, p. 599; Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Fidler, J., Dymerska, B., Suess, D., Albrecht, M., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 062505; Victora, R., Shen, X., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1799; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516; Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Fullerton, E.E., Weller, D., Parker, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2137; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3823},
correspondence_address1={Brombacher, C.; Institute of Physics, , D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kang2012159,
author={Kang, H. and Craig, G.S.W. and Han, E. and Gopalan, P. and Nealey, P.F.},
title={Degree of perfection and pattern uniformity in the directed assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer on chemically patterned surfaces},
journal={Macromolecules},
year={2012},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={159-164},
doi={10.1021/ma202249n},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855671683&doi=10.1021%2fma202249n&partnerID=40&md5=995f07061751fa396a5bc7f13b6c5d72},
affiliation={Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States},
abstract={Thin films of cylinder-forming polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) were self-assembled on two sets of surfaces homogeneously covered with random copolymer brush composed of PS and PMMA (P(S-r-MMA)), having styrene fractions, F St, ranging from 0.57 to 1.0: one set that had been exposed to the lithographic materials and processes without having been patterned and one set that had not. The resulting self-assembled morphologies revealed that the lithographic process shifted the nonpreferential composition of the P(S-r-MMA) brush from F St ∼ 0.70 to F St ∼ 0.79. PS-b-PMMA films were then directed to assemble with density multiplication on chemical patterns made from P(S-r-MMA), in which the surface chemistry of the background region of the pattern after lithography ranged from weakly PMMA-preferential (WMP, F St = 0.70) to nonpreferential (NP, F St = 0.79) to weakly PS-preferential (WSP, F St = 1.00). The extent of density multiplication ranged from 1:1 to 16:1. The assemblies were analyzed in terms of defect quantity and cylinder diameter uniformity, as observed by top-down scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, many fewer defects were observed for the assemblies on the WSP chemical pattern than on the WMP chemical pattern. The best assemblies occurred on the NP chemical patterns, with no defects apparent in the SEM images of assemblies with up to 4:1 density multiplication and with spot size variation sufficiently low for bit patterned media applications. As the extent of density multiplication was increased (6:1, 9:1, and 16:1), the defect density monotonically increased. © 2011 American Chemical Society.},
keywords={Background region;  Bit-patterned media;  Chemical pattern;  Cylinder diameters;  Directed assembly;  Lithographic process;  Materials and process;  Patterned surface;  Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate);  Random copolymer;  Self-assembled;  SEM image;  Spot sizes;  Topdown, Acrylic monomers;  Block copolymers;  Brushes;  Cylinders (shapes);  Defect density;  Esters;  Films;  Polymethyl methacrylates;  Polystyrenes;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Styrene;  Surface chemistry;  Surfaces;  Waterworks, Fluorine},
references={Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Thomas, E.L., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18 (19), pp. 2505-2521; Nealey, P.F., Edwards, E.W., Müller, M., Stoykovich, M.P., Solak, H.H., De Pablo, J.J., (2005) IEEE Tech. Dig. IEDM, pp. 356-359; Park, M., Harrison, C., Chaikin, P.M., Register, R.A., Adamson, D.H., (1997) Science, 276, pp. 1401-1404; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1030-1033; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bull., 33 (9), pp. 838-845; Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., (2006) Mater. Today, 9 (9), pp. 20-29; Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., (2005) MRS Bull., 30 (12), pp. 952-966; Stoykovich, M.P., Daoulas, K.C., Muller, M., Kang, H.M., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2010) Macromolecules, 43 (5), pp. 2334-2342; Liu, G., Thomas, C.S., Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., (2010) Adv. Funct. Mater., 20 (8), pp. 1251-1257; Stoykovich, M.P., Kang, H., Daoulas, K.C., Liu, G., Liu, C.C., De Pablo, J.J., Mueller, M., Nealey, P.F., (2007) ACS Nano, 1 (3), pp. 168-175; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20 (16), pp. 3155-3158; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Cheng, J.Y., Sanders, D.P., Truong, H.D., Harrer, S., Friz, A., Holmes, S., Colburn, M., Hinsberg, W.D., (2010) ACS Nano, 4 (8), pp. 4815-4823; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Takenaka, M., Yoshida, H., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Hasegawa, H., (2009) Polymer, 50 (17), pp. 4250-4256; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9267-9276; Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F., Stuen, K.O., Craig, G.S.W., De Pablo, J.J., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 28 (6), pp. 6B24-C6B29; Detcheverry, F.A., Liu, G.L., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., (2010) Macromolecules, 43 (7), pp. 3446-3454; Park, S.H., Shin, D.O., Kim, B.H., Yoon, D.K., Kim, K., Lee, S.Y., Oh, S.H., Kim, S.O., (2010) Soft Matter, 6 (1), pp. 120-125; Kim, S.O., Kim, B.H., Meng, D., Shin, D.O., Koo, C.M., Solak, H.H., Wang, Q., (2007) Adv. Mater., 19 (20), pp. 3271-3275; Wilmes, G.M., Durkee, D.A., Balsara, N.P., Liddle, J.A., (2006) Macromolecules, 39 (7), pp. 2435-2437; Bosworth, J.K., Paik, M.Y., Ruiz, R., Schwartz, E.L., Huang, J.Q., Ko, A.W., Smilgies, D.M., Ober, C.K., (2008) ACS Nano, 2 (7), pp. 1396-1402; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., (2004) Adv. Mater., 16 (15), pp. 1315-1319; Liu, C.C., Han, E., Onses, M.S., Thode, C.J., Ji, S.X., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., (2011) Macromolecules, 44 (7), pp. 1876-1885; Han, E., Stuen, K.O., La, Y.H., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9090-9097; Mansky, P., Liu, Y., Huang, E., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., (1997) Science, 275 (5305), pp. 1458-1460; Liu, C.C., Craig, G.S.W., Kang, H.M., Ruiz, R., Nealey, P.F., Ferrier, N.J., (2010) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 48 (24), pp. 2589-2603; Han, E., Stuen, K.O., Leolukman, M., Liu, C.C., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., (2009) Macromolecules, 42 (13), pp. 4896-4901; Ryu, D.Y., Ham, S., Kim, E., Jeong, U., Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., (2009) Macromolecules, 42 (13), pp. 4902-4906; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S.G., Xu, Y.A., Weller, D.K., (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (7), pp. 1844-1858; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22), p. 222512; Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 25 (6), pp. 1969-1975; Park, S.M., Craig, G.S.W., La, Y.H., Solak, H.H., Nealey, P.F., (2007) Macromolecules, 40, pp. 5084-5094},
correspondence_address1={Nealey, P.F.; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; email: nealey@engr.wisc.edu},
issn={00249297},
coden={MAMOB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Macromolecules},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kobayashi2012,
author={Kobayashi, H. and Iyama, H. and Kagatsume, T. and Watanabe, T.},
title={Cold-development tool and technique for the ultimate resolution of ZEP520A to fabricate an EB master mold for nano-imprint lithography for 1Tbit/inch2 BPM development},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8522},
doi={10.1117/12.973668},
art_number={973668},
note={cited By 0; Conference of SPIE Conference on Photomask Technology 2012 ; Conference Date: 11 September 2012 Through 13 September 2012;  Conference Code:155003},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077030558&doi=10.1117%2f12.973668&partnerID=40&md5=e189e583912d67b7df947589ee54dd50},
affiliation={HOYA Corporation, Nano-Fabrication Project, 3280 Nakamaru, Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto-shi Yamanashi, 408-8550, Japan},
abstract={Cold-development is well-known for resolution enhancement on ZEP520A. Dipping a wafer in a developer solvent chilled by a freezer, such a typical method had been employed. But, it is obvious that the dip-development method has several inferiorities such as developer temperature instability, temperature inconsistency between developer and a wafer, water-condensation on drying. We then built a single wafer spin-develop tool, and established a process sequence, to solve those difficulties. And, we tried to see their effect down to -10degC over various developers. In specific, we tried to make hole patterns in hexagonal closest packing in 40nm, 35nm, 30nm, 25nm pitch, and examined holes pattern quality and resolution limit by varying setting temperature from room temperature to -10degC in the cold-development, as well as varying developer chemistry from the standard developer ZED N-50 (n-amyl acetate, 100%) to MiBK and IPA mixture which was a rinsing solvent mixture originally. We also examined the other developer (poor solvent mixture) we designed, N-50 and fluorocarbon (FC) mixture, MiBK and FC mixture, and IPA+FC mixture. This paper describes cold-development tool and technique, and its results down to minus (-) 10degC, for ZEP520A resolution enhancement to obtain 1Xnm bits (holes) in 25nm pitch to fabricate an EB master mold for Nano-Imprinting Lithography for 1Tbit/in2 bit patterned media (BPM) in HDD development and production. © 2012 SPIE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Cold-development;  Eb lithography;  Mold;  Nano-Imprinting Lithography;  ZEP520A},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Esters;  Fabrication;  Fungi;  Mixtures;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photomasks;  Solvents, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Cold-development;  Developer temperature;  Development method;  Nano imprinting;  Resolution enhancement;  Water condensation;  ZEP520A, Molds},
editor={Abboud F.E., Faure T.B.},
sponsors={Bay Area Chrome Users Society (BACUS)},
publisher={SPIE},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819492609},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kobayashi2012,
author={Kobayashi, H. and Kishimoto, S. and Suzuki, K. and Iyama, H. and Nakatsuka, S. and Taniguchi, K. and Kagatsume, T. and Sato, T. and Watanabe, T.},
title={Master mold and working replica fabrication for nano-imprinting lithography for 1Tbit/inch2 and 25nm pitch bit patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8441},
doi={10.1117/12.978286},
art_number={84411N},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology XIX ; Conference Date: 17 April 2012 Through 19 April 2012;  Conference Code:105134},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900498476&doi=10.1117%2f12.978286&partnerID=40&md5=4ac3abd4fd0959ceb2dcf1a9f0e4db67},
affiliation={Nano-Fabrication Project, HOYA Corporation, 3280 Nakamaru, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi 408-8550, Japan},
abstract={Bit Patterned Media (BPM) is essential of HDD media areal density increase, which will be combined with heatassisted magnetic recording (HAMR) eventually for thermal diffusion prevention. 1Tbit/inch2 areal density is the first demonstration target, which is 25nm pitch hole array, for the BPM development. Nano-Imprinting Lithography (NIL) is indispensable too, so molds as well, for the BPM large-scale production for throughput. At the beginning, 52nm pitch and below was successfully made on quartz master-mold. However, by our comprehensive development and improvement in material and process, we successfully fabricate 25nm pitch master-mold by EB Lithography, 25nm pitch working-replica by Nano-Imprinting Lithography as well. © 2012 SPIE.},
author_keywords={1Tbit/inch2;  Bit Patterned Media;  Etching;  Mold;  Nano-imprinting Lithography;  Replica},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Etching;  Fungi;  Photomasks;  Quartz, 1Tbit/inch2;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Large-scale production;  Nano-imprinting;  Replica, Molds},
sponsors={BACUS; PMJ Photomask Japan; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={Yokohama},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819491367},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kobayashi2012,
author={Kobayashi, H. and Iyama, H. and Kishimoto, S. and Suzuki, K. and Taniguchi, K. and Nakatsuka, S. and Kagatsume, T. and Sato, T. and Watanabe, T.},
title={ZEP520A cold-development technique and tool for ultimate resolution to fabricate 1Xnm bit pattern EB master mold for nano-imprinting lithography for HDD/BPM development},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8441},
doi={10.1117/12.978282},
art_number={84411B},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology XIX ; Conference Date: 17 April 2012 Through 19 April 2012;  Conference Code:105134},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900484859&doi=10.1117%2f12.978282&partnerID=40&md5=438125f736c2a886e9e67f616b7574b6},
affiliation={HOYA Corporation, Nano-Fabrication Project, 3280 Nakamaru, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-8550, Japan},
abstract={Poor solvent developers are effective for resolution enhancement on a polymer-type EB resist such as ZEP520A. Another way is to utilize "cold-development" technique which was accomplished by a dip-development technique usually. We then designed and successfully built a single-wafer spin-development tool for the cold-development down to -10degC in order to dissolve difficulties of the dip-development. The cold-development certainly helped improve ZEP520A resolution and hole CD size uniformity, and achieved 35nm pitch BPM patterns with the standard developer ZED-N50, but not 25nm pitch yet. By employing a poor solvent mixture of iso-Propyl Alcohol (IPA) and Fluoro-Carbon (FC), 25nm pitch BPM patterns were accomplished. However, the cold-development showed almost no improvement on the IPA/FC mixture developer solvent. This paper describes cold-development technique and a tool, as well as its results, for ZEP520A resolution enhancement to fabricate 1Xnm bits (holes) for EB master-mold for Nano-Imprinting Lithography for 1Tbit/inch2 and 25nm pitch Bit Patterned Media development. © 2012 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Cold-development;  EB lithography;  Mold;  Nano-imprinting lithography;  ZEP520A},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Fungi;  Mixtures;  Photomasks;  Solvents;  Tools, Bit-patterned media;  Cold-development;  Isopropyl alcohols;  Nano-imprinting;  Poor solvents;  Resolution enhancement;  Size uniformity;  ZEP520A, Molds},
sponsors={BACUS; PMJ Photomask Japan; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={Yokohama},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819491367},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Wan2012,
author={Wan, L. and Ruiz, R. and Gao, H. and Patel, K.C. and Lille, J. and Zeltzer, G. and Dobisz, E.A. and Bogdanov, A. and Nealey, P.F. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8323},
doi={10.1117/12.916592},
art_number={832319},
note={cited By 3; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:102802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894465452&doi=10.1117%2f12.916592&partnerID=40&md5=29130b09e6b6bf4f2f4e33f6da91879d},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, Japan; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States},
abstract={We combine block copolymer directed self-assembly with nanoimprint lithography to generate templates with rectangular patterns through an original double imprint process. We use a rotary e-beam tool to separately expose circumferential and radial line/space chemical contrast patterns with periodicities commensurate to the natural period of two lamellae-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers. Line patterns are formed by directed self-assembly of PS-b-PMMA on chemical patterns on two separate submaster templates, one with circumferential lines to define concentric tracks, and a second template on which the block copolymer is used to form radial lines at constant angular pitch. The patterns are subsequently transferred to their underlying Si substrates to form submaster templates. Using two sequential nanoimprinting steps, we combine the radial and circumferential submaster line patterns into a final quartz master template with rectangular bits on circular tracks. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  lamellae;  nanoimprint template fabrication;  PS-b-PMMA;  rotary e-beam lithography},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Esters;  Quartz;  Self assembly;  Styrene, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  e-Beam lithography;  lamellae;  PS-b-PMMA;  Template fabrication, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38, pp. R199; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., Patterned Media: Nanofabrication Challenges of Future Disk Drives (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Imprint lithography with 25-nanometer resolution (1996) Science, 272 (5258), pp. 85-87; Michaelson, T., Sreenivasan, S.V., Ekerdt, J., Willson, C.G., Step and Flash Imprint Lithography: A New Approach to High-Resolution Patterning (1999) Proceedings of SPIE, 3676, p. 379; Ruiz, R., Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Yang, X., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D., Directed Block Copolymer Assembly Versus Electron Beam Lithography for Bit Patterned Media with Areal Density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and Beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1844; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media (2011) ACS Nano, 5 (1), pp. 79-84; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block Copolymer Thermodynamics: Theory and Experiment (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, pp. 525-557; Ji, S.X., Nagpal, U., Liao, W., Liu, C.C., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Three-dimensional Directed Assembly of Block Copolymers together with Two-dimensional Square and Rectangular Nanolithography (2011) Advanced Materials, 23 (32), p. 3692; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Patterned magnetic media made by self-assembled block-copolymer lithography (2008) MRS Bulletin, 33 (9), pp. 838-845; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A General Approach to Addressable 4 Tdot/in2 Pattered Media (2009) Advanced Materials, 21, p. 2516; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in(2) head/media systems (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (22), pp. 2880-2884; Liu, C.C., Han, E., Onses, M.S., Thode, C.J., Ji, S.X., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Fabrication of Lithographically Defined Chemically Patterned Polymer Brushes and Mats (2011) Macromolecules, 44 (7), pp. 1876-1885; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446; Liu, G.L., Thomas, C.S., Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., Integration of Density Multiplication in the Formation of Device-Oriented Structures by Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer-Homopolymer Blends (2010) Advanced Functional Materials, 20 (8), pp. 1251-1257; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., Precise control over molecular dimensions of block-copolymer domains using the interfacial energy of chemically nanopatterned substrates (2004) Advanced Materials, 16 (15), p. 1315; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Steiner, R., DeRouchey, J., Stafford, C.M., Huang, E., Bal, M., Tuominen, M., Russell, T.P., Nanoscopic templates from oriented block copolymer films (vol 12, pg 787, 2000) (2000) Advanced Materials, 12 (15), pp. 1138-1138; Patel, K.C., Ruiz, R., Lille, J., Wan, L., Dobisz, E.A., Gao, H., Albrecht, T.R., Robertson, N., Line-frequency doubling of directed self-assembly patterns for single-digit bit pattern media lithography (2012) Proceedings of SPIE, , submitted},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489791},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kobayashi2012,
author={Kobayashi, H. and Kishimoto, S. and Suzuki, K. and Iyama, H. and Nakatsuka, S. and Taniguchi, K. and Sato, T. and Watanabe, T.},
title={25nm pitch master and replica mold fabrication for nanoimprinting lithography for 1Tbit/inch2 bit patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8323},
doi={10.1117/12.918664},
art_number={83231V},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:102802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894452770&doi=10.1117%2f12.918664&partnerID=40&md5=3497dc2357c962ed5d1bb7c27ad3cbf6},
affiliation={HOYA Corporation, MD Division, Nano-Mold Fabrication Group, 3280 Nakamaru, Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-8550, Japan},
abstract={Nanoimprint Lithography and a mold, mold replication from an EB master mold as well, those are essential for a large-scale production of bit patterned media. 1Tbit/inch2 (bit pitch 25nm) areal density on a 2.5inch HDD media, it is feasibility demonstration target all the media makers and the HDD makers are aiming at. This paper describes difficulties we faced, and solutions we established by designing and optimizing materials and process, to fabricate 25nm pitch master mold by EBL as well as working replica mold by NIL. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.},
keywords={Nanoimprint lithography, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Large-scale production;  Master molds;  Materials and process;  Mold fabrication;  Nanoimprinting lithography, Molds},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489791},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ye2012,
author={Ye, Z. and Carden, S. and Hellebrekers, P. and LaBrake, D. and Resnick, D.J. and Melliar-Smith, M. and Sreenivasan, S.V.},
title={Imprint process performance for patterned media at densities greater than 1Tb/in2},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8323},
doi={10.1117/12.918042},
art_number={83230V},
note={cited By 4; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:102802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894098985&doi=10.1117%2f12.918042&partnerID=40&md5=22f024180593cb8be48814d99a527eee},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={The use of bit pattern media beyond densities of 1Tb/in2 requires the ability to pattern dimensions to sub 10nm. This paper describes the techniques used to reach these dimensions with imprint lithography and avoid such challenges as pattern collapse, by developing improved resist materials with higher strength, and utilizing a reverse tone J-FIL/R process. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.},
author_keywords={imprint;  J-FIL;  Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography;  patterned media;  PM},
keywords={Promethium;  Strength of materials, Flash imprint lithography;  imprint;  Imprint lithography;  J-FIL;  Pattern collapse;  Patterned medias;  Process performance;  Resist materials, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Poulsen, V., (1899), U.S. Patent No. 822,222 8 July; Chen, B.M., Lee, T.H., Peng, K., Venkataramanan, V., (2007) Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems, , 2nd ed. Springer, NY; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1976-1978; Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proc. SPIE, Emerging Lithographic Technologies III, 379; Colburn, M., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Ekerdt, J.G., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2001) Solid State Technology, 67. , June; Bailey, T.C., Resnick, D.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Dauksher, W.J., Ainley, E., Talin, A., Willson, C.G., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 461-467; Sasaki, R.S., Hiraka, T., Mizuochi, J., Fujii, A., Sakai, Y., Sutou, T., Yusa, S., Hayashi, N., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7122, pp. 71223P; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9267-9276; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Lille, J., Patel, K., Ruiz, R., Wu, T.-W., Gao, H., Wan, L., Zeltzer, G., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 8166, p. 816626; Miller, M., Template Microelectr. Eng. (2007), , doi:10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.060},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489791},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Koonkarnkhai2012323,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Chirdchoo, N. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Iterative decoding for high-density bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Procedia Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={32},
pages={323-328},
doi={10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1274},
note={cited By 6; Conference of 3rd International Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy Conference 2011, I-SEEC 2011 ; Conference Date: 2 February 2012 Through 5 February 2012;  Conference Code:115051},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883105659&doi=10.1016%2fj.proeng.2012.01.1274&partnerID=40&md5=eb8c6af63a2f7e9dce8a5f2f7b1a921f},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom,73000, Thailand},
abstract={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising techniques to be used to achieve the areal density beyond the super-paramagnetic limit. Nonetheless, the BPMR system is normally encountered both inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference, especially at high recording densities. This problem is regarded as one of the most challenging issues in the BPMR system. In this paper, we design a two-dimensional (2D) cross-track symmetric target and its corresponding equalizer to combat both interferences. Furthermore, we also utilize an iterative scheme, which iteratively exchanges soft information between a 2D SOVA detector and an LDPC decoder, to decode an input data sequence. Results indicate that the proposed method performs better than other methods, especially when the recording density is high. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
author_keywords={2D SOVA;  Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interference;  Target and equalizer design},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Inter-track Interference, , Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng. Comp. Sci., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bit-patterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Recording, , Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, San Diego; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, pp. 1083-1088; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans on Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Gallager, R., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. on Inform. Theory, pp. 21-28; Souvignier, T., Friedmann, A., Oberg, M., Siegel, P., Swanson, R., Wolf, J., Turbo decoding for PR4: Parallel vs serial concatenation (1999) Proc. of ICC, 3, pp. 1638-1642; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, , 2nd edition. Norwell. MA: Kluwer},
correspondence_address1={Kovintavewat, P.; Data Storage Technology Research Center, , Nakhon Pathom,73000, Thailand; email: piya@npru.ac.th},
sponsors={},
publisher={Elsevier Ltd},
address={Nakhon Pathom},
issn={18777058},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Procedia Eng.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Patel2012,
author={Patel, K.C. and Ruiz, R. and Lille, J. and Wan, L. and Dobiz, E. and Gao, H. and Robertson, N. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Line-frequency doubling of directed self-assembly patterns for single-digit bit pattern media lithography},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8323},
doi={10.1117/12.916589},
art_number={83230U},
note={cited By 10; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:102802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873840745&doi=10.1117%2f12.916589&partnerID=40&md5=309d63e90fa49eec21b788f88404ff66},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Directed self-assembly is emerging as a promising technology to define sub-20nm features. However, a straightforward path to scale block copolymer lithography to single-digit fabrication remains challenging given the diverse material properties found in the wide spectrum of self-assembling materials. A vast amount of block copolymer research for industrial applications has been dedicated to polystyrene-b-methyl methacrylate (PS-b-PMMA), a model system that displays multiple properties making it ideal for lithography, but that is limited by a weak interaction parameter that prevents it from scaling to single-digit lithography. Other block copolymer materials have shown scalability to much smaller dimensions, but at the expense of other material properties that could delay their insertion into industrial lithographic processes. We report on a line doubling process applied to block copolymer patterns to double the frequency of PS-b-PMMA line/space features, demonstrating the potential of this technique to reach single-digit lithography. We demonstrate a line-doubling process that starts with directed self-assembly of PS-b-PMMA to define line/space features. This pattern is transferred into an underlying sacrificial hard-mask layer followed by a growth of self-aligned spacers which subsequently serve as hard-masks for transferring the 2x frequency doubled pattern to the underlying substrate. We applied this process to two different block copolymer materials to demonstrate line-space patterns with a half pitch of 11nm and 7nm underscoring the potential to reach single-digit critical dimensions. A subsequent patterning step with perpendicular lines can be used to cut the fine line patterns into a 2-D array of islands suitable for bit patterned media. Several integration challenges such as line width control and line roughness are addressed. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.},
author_keywords={Block copolymer;  Line doubling;  Patterned media;  PS-b-PMMA;  Self-assembly;  Spacer},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Esters;  Industrial applications;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Line doubling;  Lithographic process;  Patterned medias;  PS-b-PMMA;  Self-assembling materials;  Spacer, Lithography},
references={Dusa, M., Pitch doubling through dual patterning lithography challenges in integration and Lithography budgets (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6520, pp. 65200G; Ausschnitt, C.P., Halle, S.D., Combinatorial overlay control for double patterning (2009) J. Micro-Nanolithography, 8 (1), p. 8. , MEMS MOEMS; Yaegashi, H., The self aligned spacer DP process towards 11nm node and beyond Lithography Workshop, Lihue, Kauai, November (2010); Bencher, C., SADP: The Best Option for ≤32nm NAND Flash (2007) Nanochip Technology Journal, 2, pp. 8-13; Jung, W., Patterning with amorphous carbon spacer for expanding the resolution limit of current lithographic tool (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6520, pp. 65201C; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., (2006) SPIE-Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXIII, , presented at the unpublished; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density Multiplication and Improved Lithography by Directed Block Copolymer Assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense Self-Assembly on Sparse Chemical Patterns: Rectifying and Multiplying Lithographic Patterns Using Block Copolymers (2008) Advanced Materials, 20, pp. 3155-3158; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Macroscopic 10-Terabit-per-Square- Inch Arrays from Block Copolymers with Lateral Order (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1030-1033; Tada, Y., Yoshida, H., Ishida, Y., Hirai, T., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Ruiz, R., Hasegawa, H., Directed Self-Assembly of POSS Containing Block Copolymer on Lithographically Defined Chemical Template with Morphology Control by Solvent Vapor (2011) Macromolecules, 45, pp. 292-304; Wan, L., Ruiz, R., Gao, H., Patel, K.C., Lille, J., Zeltzer, G., Dobisz, E.A., Albrecht, T.R., Fabrication of Templates with Rectangular Bits on Circular Tracks by Combining Directed Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Nanoimprint Lithography SPIE Conference (2012); Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S.G., Ku, D., Weller, D., Advanced Lithography for Bit Patterned Media (2009) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009 (45), pp. 833-838; Austin, M.D., Ge, H., Wu, W., Li, M., Yu, Z., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., Fabrication of nm 5 linewidth and nm 14 pitch features by nanoimprint lithography (2004) Appl. Phys. Letters, 84, p. 5299; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Steiner, R., DeRouchey, J., Stafford, C.M., Huang, E., Bal, M., Tuominen, M., Russell, T.P., Nanoscopic templates from oriented block copolymer films (2000) Advanced Materials, 12, pp. 787-791},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489791},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Okino2012,
author={Okino, T. and Shimada, T. and Yuzawa, A. and Yamamoto, R. and Kihara, N. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A. and Akahane, T. and Yin, Y. and Hosaka, S.},
title={Evaluation of ordering of directed self-assembly of block copolymers with pre-patterned guides for bit patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2012},
volume={8323},
doi={10.1117/12.916304},
art_number={83230S},
note={cited By 4; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies IV ; Conference Date: 13 February 2012 Through 16 February 2012;  Conference Code:102802},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864431536&doi=10.1117%2f12.916304&partnerID=40&md5=c51a0194c65e1854b930897dea5225eb},
affiliation={Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising candidate for next-generation magnetic recording media beyond 2.5 Tb/in2. To realize such high-density patterned media, directed self-assembling (DSA) technology is a possible solution to form fine dots. In order to read and write magnetic signals on a magnetic dot of magnetic media, the position of magnetic dots must be controlled. We examined ordering of directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer dots with a variety of prepatterned guides in some conditions and evaluated the ordering of the dots by using Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram. Applying the optimized conditions, we obtained highly controlled dot pattern suitable for magnetic recording media. © 2012 Copyright SPIE.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  Delaunay triangulation;  diblock copolymer;  DSA;  HDD;  ordering;  self-assemble;  Voronoi diagram},
keywords={Computational geometry;  Graphic methods;  Magnetic recording;  Self assembly, Bit-patterned media;  Delau-nay triangulations;  DSA;  HDD;  ordering;  Self-assemble;  Voronoi diagrams, Block copolymers},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veedonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Mag., 42, p. 2255; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Mag., 38, p. 1949; Ootera, Y., Yuzawa, A., Shimada, T., Yamamoto, R., Kamata, Y., Kihara, N., Kikitsu, A., (2011) Proc. SPIE, 7970, pp. 79700K; Cheng, J.Y., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 2505; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 5891; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7748, p. 774809; Hosaka, S., Akahane, T., Huda, M., Tamura, T., Yin, Y., Kihara, N., Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., (2011) Microelectronic Eng., 88, p. 2571; Hughes, E.C., Messner, W.C., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 7002; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5117; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Mag., 27, p. 4975; Segalman, R.A., (2003) Macromolecules, 36, p. 3272},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
publisher={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819489791},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chua20121826,
author={Chua, M. and Elidrissi, M.R. and Eason, K. and Zhang, S.H. and Qin, Z.L. and Chai, K.S. and Tan, K.P. and Cai, K. and Chan, K.S. and Goh, W.L. and Dong, Y. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Comparing analytical, micromagnetic and statistical channel models at 4 Tcbpsi patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={5 PART 1},
pages={1826-1832},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2169654},
art_number={6187783},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860484883&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2169654&partnerID=40&md5=8d1ea94622c20f9c17e267d65560160b},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637457 Singapore, Singapore; Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media recording (BPMR) is a candidate technology proposed to extend the areal density growth capability of magnetic recording systems. In conventional granular magnetic recording (CGMR), bits of information are recorded onto a number of randomly distributed magnetic grains. The difficulty for the granular media approach is that due to the randomness of the grains, a certain minimum number of grains are required in order to maintain the media signal to noise ratio (SNR). This requires smaller grains as the bits are shrunk and we end up with either unstable, or unwriteable grains as per the well-known media-trilemma. In BPMR, instead of random positions, the ''grains'' are ordered into a well-defined lattice of magnetic islands. Because of this ordering, the media SNR is no longer determined by the number of grains per bit as in CGMR, but is defined by the geometrical and magnetic distributions of the fabrication process of the media. Analytical models exist for BPMR, that flip grains in the media based on the switching field distribution (SFD) and the knowledge of the applied head field. On the other side, a statistical model for CGMR has been proposed that measures probabilities of grains flipping based on micromagnetic simulations, named the grain flipping probability (GFP) model. In this work, we adapt the GFP model for BPMR and perform a comparison between densities predicted via the analytical and GFP models, by processing the signals from these models with the appropriate detectors and LDPC (low density parity check) decoders. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Codes;  error correction;  error correction coding;  error detection coding;  signal processing},
keywords={Analytical models;  Error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Signal processing, Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Codes;  Error correction coding;  Error detection coding;  LDPC (low density parity check) decoder;  Magnetic recording systems;  Statistical channel model;  Switching field distribution, Signal to noise ratio},
funding_details={Association of Science-Technology CentersAssociation of Science-Technology Centers, ASTC},
funding_text 1={R. H. Victora and Y. Dong acknowledge funding from INSIC/ EHDR and IDEMA/ASTC.},
references={Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection,and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.-M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , June; Chan, K.S., Rachid, E.M., Eason, K., Radhakrishnan, R., Comparison of one and two dimensional detectors on simulated and spinstand readback waveforms (2011) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , 10.1016/j.jmmm. 2010.12.022; Elidrissi, M.R., Sann, C.K., Keng, T.K., Eason, K., Hwang, E., VijayaKumar, B., Zhiliang, Q., Modeling of two-dimensional magnetic recording and a comparison of data detection schemes IEEE Trans. Magn., , accepted for publication; Dong, Y., Victora, R.H., Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., , accepted for publication; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Radford, N., Ldpc Software, , http://www.cs.toronto.edu/radford/ftp/LDPC-2006-02-08/index.html, [Online]. Available:},
correspondence_address1={Chua, M.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: wjchua06@gmail.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fontana20121692,
author={Fontana, R.E., Jr. and Hetzler, S.R. and Decad, G.},
title={Technology roadmap comparisons for TAPE, HDD, and NAND flash: Implications for data storage applications},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2012},
volume={48},
number={5 PART 1},
pages={1692-1696},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2171675},
art_number={6187786},
note={cited By 38},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860470282&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2171675&partnerID=40&md5=260d5e72f0b0246b5d969df375b83c25},
affiliation={Almaden Research Center, IBM Systems Technology Group, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Almaden Research Center, IBM Research Division, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={This paper describes the roadmap goals for tape based magnetic recording (TAPE) and uses these goals as counterpoints for the roadmap strategies for hard disk drive (HDD) and NAND flash. Technology comparisons described in this paper will show that presently volumetric efficiencies for TAPE, HDD, and NAND are similar, that lithographic requirements for TAPE are less challenging than those for NAND and HDD, and that mechanical challenges (moving media and transducer to media separation) for TAPE and HDD are potential limiters for roadmap progress and are non-existent for NAND. One result of the technology comparison discussion will be that the potential for sustained annual areal density increase rates, i.e. extendibility, for TAPE, is significantly greater than that for NAND and HDD due to the present TAPE bit cell area being a factor of 200-300 larger than the NAND and HDD bit cell area. More critically, the roadmap landscape for TAPE is limited by neither thin film processing (i.e., nanoscale dimensions) nor bit cell thermal stability. In contrast, NAND volumetric density faces limitations in extending critical feature processing, now at 25 nm, and HDD volumetric density faces challenges in transitioning either to patterned media with critical feature processing well below 15 nm or to heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with the introduction of laser components to the data write process. © 2012 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  hard disk drive magnetic recording;  NAND flash;  tape based magnetic recording},
keywords={Contrast media;  Horizontal drilling;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Memory architecture;  NAND circuits, Areal densities;  Data storage applications;  Hard disk drive magnetic recordings;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  NAND Flash;  Tape based magnetic recordings;  Technology comparison;  Volumetric efficiency, Hard disk storage},
references={Fontana, R., Hetzler, S., Magnetic memory devices: Minimum feature and memory hierarchy discussion (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8 PART III), pp. 08N9011-08N9016. , April; Fontana, R., Robertson, N., Hetzler, S., Thin film processing realities for Tbit/in recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3617-3620; www.lto.org, LTO Roadmap History [Online]. Available:; (2010), www.itrs.net, ITRS Lithographic Projections [Online]. Available:; www.techztalk.com/techwebsite/05-18-10-intel-starts-mass-production-of- 25nm-8gbnand-flash-chip, Intel Product Description [Online]. Available:; Re, M., Has HAMR reached a critical mass (2009) The Information Storage Industry Consortium Symposium on Alternative Storage Technologies, , www.insic.orghttp://www.insic.org, Apr. [Online]. Available:},
correspondence_address1={Fontana, R.E.; Almaden Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: rfontan@us.ibm.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2011,
title={High-Speed and Large-Area Printing of Micro/Nanostructures and Devices},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2011},
volume={1340},
page_count={54},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2011 MRS Spring Meeting ; Conference Date: 25 April 2011 Through 29 April 2011;  Conference Code:87784},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860640072&partnerID=40&md5=6ab76123ff5e455f29a1a812f05ea214},
abstract={The proceedings contain 9 papers. The topics discussed include: electrical through-hole and planar interconnect generation in roll-to-roll LED lighting manufacturing using industrial jnkjet printheads; gravure contact printing of flexible, high-performance polymer light emitting diodes for large-area displays and lighting; surface functionalization of toner particles for three-dimensional laser-printing in biomaterial applications; imprint resist properties for bit patterned media (BPM); low-cost micro- and nano-structures in porous nanomaterials realized by direct imprinting of porous substrates; two-stage laser thermal processing of nanoparticle inks on flexible substrates for high performance electronics; patterning biopolymer surfaces by enzymatic soft lithography; and utilization of industrial inkjet technologies for the deposition of conductive polymers, functional oxides and CNTs.},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781618395399},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Lille201119,
author={Lille, J. and Karis, T. and Vasquez, D. and Wu, T.-W.},
title={Imprint resist properties for bit patterned media (BPM)},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2011},
volume={1340},
pages={19-24},
doi={10.1557/opl.2011.1268},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2011 MRS Spring Meeting ; Conference Date: 25 April 2011 Through 29 April 2011;  Conference Code:87784},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860635588&doi=10.1557%2fopl.2011.1268&partnerID=40&md5=0a6d87514b924c69a143279c508a164c},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Nanoimprint lithography is a low cost method which produces trillions of nanostructures on a substrate. One application of this technology is patterned magnetic media where a single imprint on a disk can create a masking layer with more than a trillion nanostructures. Several challenges exist to imprinting bit patterned media (BPM) at a density greater than 1Tbit/in 2. This technology would allow an extension of hard drive magnetic recording at densities greater than 1Tbit/in 2. One such challenge is imprint resist mechanical properties where the imprinted masking layer should be free of thickness variations and resist flop-over. Herein we describe the nanoindentation mechanical properties of several imprint resist systems along with analysis of imprinted features of BPM at densities between 200-482 Gdots/in 2. © 2011 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Hard drives;  Imprint resist;  Low cost methods;  Masking layers;  Patterned magnetic media;  Thickness variation, Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoindentation;  Nanostructures, Mechanical properties},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Hellwing, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , Springer; Stipe, B., (2010) Nature Photonics, 4, pp. 484-488; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Patents on Naontechnology, 1, pp. 29-40; US patent application 2008/0304177 A1; Good, R.J., Girifalco, L.A., (1960) J. Phys Chem., 64, pp. 561-565; Fowkes, F.M., (1963) J. Phys Chem., 67, pp. 2538-2541; Dowson, D., (2005) Life Cycle Tribology, p. 816. , Elsevier; Briscoe, B.J., Fiori, L., Pelillo, E., (1998) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 31, pp. 2395-2405; Lee, H.J., Hur, S., Han, S.W., Kim, J.H., Oh, C.-S., Ko, S.G., (2003) IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2, p. 546; Wiederrecht, G., (2010) Handbook of Nanofabrication, p. 163. , Elsevier; Adamson, A.W., (1976) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, p. 63. , 3 rd Edition, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, NY},
correspondence_address1={Lille, J.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781618395399},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nishiyama201142,
author={Nishiyama, N. and Takenaka, K. and Miura, H. and Saidoh, N. and Inoue, A.},
title={Glassy alloy composite and non-equilibrium crystalline alloy for information technology applications},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2011},
volume={1300},
pages={42-51},
doi={10.1557/opl.2011.294},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2010 MRS Fall Meeting ; Conference Date: 29 November 2010 Through 3 December 2010;  Conference Code:86709},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859082942&doi=10.1557%2fopl.2011.294&partnerID=40&md5=de763ecf6d21ca935e713e4040198b78},
affiliation={RIMCOF Tohoku Univ. Lab., Materials Process Technology Center, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku Univ., Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Present progress in developments of glassy alloy composites for bit-patterned-media and non-equilibrium Cu-based alloys for conductive materials of electrical connectors are reviewed. It is proven that the imprinting of the Pd-based glassy alloy thin film is favorable for the formation of nano-structured devices. Detailed imprinted morphologies formed by different imprinting conditions were examined. In addition, technology of large area imprinting up to 2.5 inches area has been successfully developed and it is now available for production. These technological developments will be utilized for next generation bit-patterned-media with high data density. A newly developed non-equilibrium Cu-Zr-Ag alloy was prepared into sheet form by the combination of casting, cold rolling and annealing. The alloy sheet exhibited high tensile strength of exceeding 1500 MPa and good electrical conductivity of 30% IACS. However, bending ductility should be improved for the actual production of connector. Through the several examinations, remaining issues that should be solved are discussed in the framework of industrialization and commercialization. These obtained results suggest that the glassy alloy composite or non-equilibrium alloy designed by the glass-forming rules have a great potential to develop innovative products in the near future. © 2011 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Alloy sheets;  Crystalline alloys;  Cu based alloy;  Data density;  Electrical conductivity;  Electrical connectors;  Glass-forming;  Glassy alloys;  High-tensile strength;  Information technology application;  Innovative product;  Nano-structured;  Non equilibrium;  Technological development, Cold rolling;  Conductive materials;  Electric conductivity;  Electric connectors;  Information technology;  Metallic glass;  Zirconium, High strength alloys},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={Financial supported by “New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization” (NEDO) under “Technological Development of Innovative Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is acknowledged.},
references={Inoue, A., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 279; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 3114; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1983; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Futamoto, M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., J. Alloys & Comp., , in press; Inoue, A., (1995) Mater Trans. JIM, 36, p. 866; Inoue, A., Matsushita, M., Kawamura, Y., Amiya, K., Hayashi, K., Koike, J., (2002) Mater. Trans. JIM, 43, p. 580; Kimura, H., Inoue, A., Muramatsu, N., Shin, K., Yamamoto, T., (2006) Mater. Trans. JIM, 47, p. 1595; Miura, H., Nishiyama, N., Togashi, N., Nishida, M., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1860; Miura, H., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., J. Alloys & Comp., , submitted; Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2002) Mater. Trans. JIM, 43, p. 1247; Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (1999) Mater. Trans. JIM, 40, p. 64; Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1969; Japan Industrial Standard, , JIS H3130; Nishiyama, N., Horino, M., Inoue, A., (2000) Mater. Trans. JIM, 41, p. 1432},
correspondence_address1={Nishiyama, N.; RIMCOF Tohoku Univ. Lab., Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781618395108},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Wiriya2011,
author={Wiriya, W. and Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P.},
title={LDPC decoder with modified LLR for bit patterned media with write errors},
journal={2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems: "The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications", ISPACS 2011},
year={2011},
doi={10.1109/ISPACS.2011.6146112},
art_number={6146112},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 19th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS 2011 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2011 Through 9 December 2011;  Conference Code:88707},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857314614&doi=10.1109%2fISPACS.2011.6146112&partnerID=40&md5=da2657516bf6d86553f725ee87d0e46c},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={Write-in error is a crucial issue that needs to be tackled in bit patterned media (BPM) recording. Previous works apply the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to improve the system performance and the write margin. However, LDPC codes are not designed for the write error channel (WEC). Therefore, the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is modified at the LDPC decoder by incorporating the information write error probability (p) for the performance improvement. In practice, such probability is not precisely known, therefore, in this work, we investigate the effects of the mismatch of expected write error probability and the actual one in the BPM system. The results show that the performance of LDPC decoding is worse when p mismatches with the write error probability of the WEC. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  low-density parity-check codes;  modified log-likelihood ratio;  write-in error},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Error probabilities;  LDPC codes;  LDPC decoder;  Log likelihood ratio;  Log-likelihood ratios;  Low-density parity-check codes;  Performance improvements;  Write margin, Coding errors;  Communication systems;  Decoding;  Error correction;  Lunar surface analysis;  Signal processing, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa Haoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM RIW channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2010) Dig. PMRC 2010, pp. 18aE-9; Nakamura, Y., Bandai, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study on non-binary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel (2011) Dig. INTERMAG, pp. EU-04; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel (2009) Proc. 47th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, , 30 Sep.-2 Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Kurtas, E.M., Kuznetsov, A.V., Djurdjevic, I., System perspective for the application of structured LDPC codes to data storage devices (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 200-207. , Feb; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Sharmon limit performance of low density parity check code (1996) Electron. Lett., 32, p. 1645; Hu, X.Y., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graph (2005) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 51, pp. 386-98; Zongwang, L., Kumar, B.V.K., A class of good quasi-cyclic low density parity check codes based on progressive edge growth graph (2004) Proc. 38th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. and Comput., pp. 1990-4},
correspondence_address1={Wiriya, W.; Faculty of Engineering, , Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: s3611420@kmitl.ac.th},
address={Chiang Mai},
isbn={9781457721663},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Intelligent Signal Process. Commun. Syst.: "Decade Intelligent Green Signal Process. Commun.", ISPACS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Myint2011,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P.},
title={A comparative study on reduced complexity 2-D detectors for bit patterned media},
journal={2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems: "The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications", ISPACS 2011},
year={2011},
doi={10.1109/ISPACS.2011.6146116},
art_number={6146116},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 19th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS 2011 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2011 Through 9 December 2011;  Conference Code:88707},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857280768&doi=10.1109%2fISPACS.2011.6146116&partnerID=40&md5=a7832704c9945a47826822500f47575c},
affiliation={School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani 16120, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, we compare the performance of the reduced complexity 2-D detection methods: Graph-based detection and Viterbi-based detection for the 2-D interference bit patterned media channels at various areal densities. In the graph-based detection, the complexity is reduced by ignoring the ITI from the cornered islands in designing the factor graph. In Viterbi-based detector, a trellis for the ISI only is considered. However, both methods improve the ITI mitigation with the help of multi-track processing and iterative processing. Between them, the graph-based detection needs higher computational complexity than the Viterbi-based detection. However, the graph-based detection method provides a significant performance gain over the Viterbi-based detect.on © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  graph-based detector;  inter-track interference;  multi-track detection;  Viterbi detector},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Comparative studies;  Detection methods;  Factor graphs;  Graph-based;  Graph-based detection;  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative processing;  Performance Gain;  Reduced complexity;  Viterbi detectors, Communication systems;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal processing, Detectors},
references={Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, J.T., Middleton, B.K., An Investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proc. IEEE CompEuro '89 Conf. VLSI Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks, pp. 43-48; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., Iterated Viterbi detection methods for a 2-D bit patterned media storage (2010) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Techol., 32 (4), pp. 481-488. , Sep.-Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels (2008) EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, , article ID 738281; Supnithi, P., Myint, L.M.M., A Graph-based Inter-track Interference Mitigation Technique for Bit Patterned Media with Media Noise, , unpublished; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526. , Oct; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, , 2nd de. Kluwer Academic Publisher; Kurkoski, B., Towards efficient detection of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels (2008) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E91 (10), pp. 2696-2703. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L.M.M.; School of Information Technology, , Pathum Thani 16120, Thailand; email: lin@siu.ac.th},
address={Chiang Mai},
isbn={9781457721663},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Intelligent Signal Process. Commun. Syst.: "Decade Intelligent Green Signal Process. Commun.", ISPACS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Koonkarnkhai2011,
author={Koonkarnkhai, S. and Keeratiwintakorn, P. and Chirdchoo, N. and Kovintavewat, P.},
title={Two-dimensional cross-track asymmetric target design for high-density bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2011 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems: "The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications", ISPACS 2011},
year={2011},
doi={10.1109/ISPACS.2011.6146119},
art_number={6146119},
note={cited By 5; Conference of 19th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ISPACS 2011 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2011 Through 9 December 2011;  Conference Code:88707},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857276222&doi=10.1109%2fISPACS.2011.6146119&partnerID=40&md5=55c26a1de1549a17004ce78e940e786e},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North, Bangkok, Thailand; Data Storage Technology Research Center, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand},
abstract={In bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) channels at ultra high areal densities, the inter-track interference (ITI) is extremely severe, which significantly degrades the system performance. The partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) technique that uses a one-dimensional (1D) partial response target might not be able to cope with this severe ITI, especially in the presence of media noise and track mis-registration (TMR). This paper proposes a two-dimensional (2D) cross-track asymmetric target, based on a minimum mean-squared error approach, for high-density BPMR channels. Result indicates that the proposed 2D target performs better than previously proposed 2D targets especially when media noise and TMR is severe. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D Target and equalizer design;  Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Inter-track interference (ITI);  Media noise;  Track mis-registration (TMR)},
keywords={2D target;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  High-density;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Minimum mean squared error;  Partial response;  Target design;  Track misregistration;  Ultra-high, Communication systems;  Signal processing, Two dimensional},
references={Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-patterned Media Channel with Intertrack Interference, , Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng. Compo Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans on Magn,., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , October; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (2), pp. 3899-3908. , November; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.G., ModifYing Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , June; Navabi, S., Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Mitigating the effect of track mis-registration in bit-patterned media (2008) Proc. IEEE Int. Conl Commun, pp. 2061-2065. , Beijing, China; Karakulak, S., (2010) From Channel Modeling to Signal Processing for Bitpatterned Media Recording, , Ph.D. dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of California, San Diego; Myint, L.M.M., Supnithi, P., Tantaswadi, P., An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3691-3694. , October; Koonkarnkhai, S., Chirdchoo, N., Kovintavewat, P., (2011) Iterative Decoding for High-density Bit-patterned Media Recording Submitted to 1-SEEC 2011 Conference, , Nakhon Pathom, December 15-18; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans on Magn, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , April; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, pp. 1083-1088},
correspondence_address1={Koonkarnkhai, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Bangkok, Thailand; email: s5210190059@kmutnb.ac.th},
address={Chiang Mai},
isbn={9781457721663},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Intelligent Signal Process. Commun. Syst.: "Decade Intelligent Green Signal Process. Commun.", ISPACS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Krishnan2011,
author={Krishnan, A.R. and Vasic, B.},
title={Coding for correcting insertions and deletions in bit-patterned media recording},
journal={GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference},
year={2011},
doi={10.1109/GLOCOM.2011.6134512},
art_number={6134512},
note={cited By 8; Conference of 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference: ""Energizing Global Communications"", GLOBECOM 2011 ; Conference Date: 5 December 2011 Through 9 December 2011;  Conference Code:88463},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857222546&doi=10.1109%2fGLOCOM.2011.6134512&partnerID=40&md5=ea98dfdc081faecf937b6bb3caca12e2},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned media is a novel technology for magnetic data storage that is poised to increase recording density beyond 1 Tb/sq. in. However, a significant concern in BPMR is the stringent requirements for synchronization between write clock and island position, errors in which may manifest as insertions and deletions. In this paper, we introduce a method for compensating for synchronization errors by using conventional error-correcting codes. We present a numerical study that provides bounds on achievable coding rates. We also perform a simulation study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical systems. © 2011 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Coding rate;  Error correcting code;  Insertions and deletions;  Numerical studies;  Practical systems;  Recording density;  Simulation studies;  Stringent requirement;  Synchronization error, Communication, Convolutional codes},
references={Terris, B., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 189-196. , Nov; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. on Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Ng, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. on Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Levenshtein, V., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions. insertions, and reversals (1966) Soviet Physics Doklady, 10 (8); Ullman, J.D., On the capabilities of codes to correct synchronization errors (1967) IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, 13 (1), pp. 95-105; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Kavcic, A., Achievable information rates for channels with insertions, deletions and intersymbol interference with i.i.d inputs (2010) IEEE Trans. on Comm., 58 (4). , Apr; Sloane, N.J.A., (2000) On Single-deletion-correcting Codes, pp. 273-291. , Ohio State University; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communication over channels with insertions, deletions and substitutions (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47, pp. 687-698; Ratzer, E.A., (2005) Marker Codes for Channels with Insertions and Deletions, , Annals of Telecommunications; Mitzenmacher, M., Capacity bounds for sticky channels (2008) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 54 (1). , Jan; Verdu, S., On channel capacity per unit cost (1990) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 36 (5), pp. 1019-1030. , DOI 10.1109/18.57201; Vasic, B., Milenkovic, O., McLaughlin, S., Scrambling for nonequiprobable signalling (1996) IEEE Electronics Letters, 32 (17), pp. 1551-1552. , Aug; Nguyen, D.V., Vasic, B., Marcellin, M.W., Chilappagari, S.K., Structured ldpc codes from permutation matrices free of small trapping sets Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2010), 2010},
correspondence_address1={Krishnan, A.R.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; email: ananthak@ece.arizona.edu},
address={Houston, TX},
isbn={9781424492688},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={GLOBECOM IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Inoue2011286,
author={Inoue, M. and Kaneko, H.},
title={Deletion/insertion/reversal error correcting codes for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems},
year={2011},
pages={286-293},
doi={10.1109/DFT.2011.36},
art_number={6104454},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems, DFT 2011 ; Conference Date: 3 October 2011 Through 5 October 2011;  Conference Code:88101},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855819331&doi=10.1109%2fDFT.2011.36&partnerID=40&md5=056b5a6745f0f30159381a06bd6879c4},
affiliation={Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan},
abstract={Missynchronization in bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) causes deletion/insertion errors. This paper describes a model for BPMR and examines the applicability of deletion/insertion/reversal error-correcting codes based on the model. The decoded word error rates for single and double deletion/insertion/reversal error-correcting codes are compared. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Deletion/insertion errors;  Levenshtein code},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Error correcting code;  Levenshtein code;  Word error rate, Codes (symbols);  Defects;  Errors;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanotechnology, Fault tolerance},
references={Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34; Ng, Y., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271; Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals (1966) Soviet Physics Doklady, 10 (8), pp. 707-710; Saowapa, K., Kaneko, H., Fujiwara, E., Systematic binary deletion/insertion error correcting codes capable of correcting random bit errors (2000) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E83-A (12), pp. 2699-2705; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in2 recording (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47 (1), pp. 26-34},
correspondence_address1={Inoue, M.; Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Japan; email: inoue@fuji.cs.titech.ac.jp},
sponsors={The IEEE Computer Society Test Technology Technical Council; IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Comm. Fault-Tolerant Comput.},
address={Vancouver, BC},
issn={15505774},
isbn={9780769545561},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Defect Fault Tolerance VLSI Syst.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Moneck2011212,
author={Moneck, M.T. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Development of methanol based reactive ion etching processes for nanoscale magnetic devices},
journal={Technical Proceedings of the 2011 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2011},
year={2011},
volume={2},
pages={212-215},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nanotechnology 2011: Electronics, Devices, Fabrication, MEMS, Fluidics and Computational - 2011 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2011 ; Conference Date: 13 June 2011 Through 16 June 2011;  Conference Code:87283},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81455144719&partnerID=40&md5=e92a671895c0f5c2f5c6b3585f2b5996},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={As feature sizes shrink to sub-50 nm for spin transfer torque (STT) devices and to sub-10nm for ultra-high density bit patterned media (BPM), anisotropic, defect free etching becomes difficult with conventional techniques, such as ion milling. Instead, reactive ion etching (RIE) must be used to meet the challenge. In this work, we present research on the development of a methanol based RIE technique for anisotropic etching of nanoscale magnetic and nonmagnetic STT and BPM related device structures with enhanced selectivity, minimal redeposition, and less faceting than similar structures etched with Ar ion milling. Using methanol RIE, we demonstrate magnetic film etch rates as high as 40nm/min and features as small as 20nm. These results, the promises of such a technique and the feasibility of etching sub-10nm dimensions are discussed in detail throughout the paper.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Ion milling;  Methanol RIE;  Reactive ion etching;  Spin transfer torque},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Conventional techniques;  Defect-free;  Device structures;  Etch rates;  Feature sizes;  Ion milling;  Nano scale;  Nonmagnetics;  Reactive ion;  Redeposition;  Spin transfer torque;  Sub-50 nm;  Ultrahigh density, Anisotropic etching;  Anisotropic media;  Anisotropy;  Defect density;  Fluidics;  Ions;  Magnetic devices;  Methanol;  Milling (machining);  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanomagnetics, Reactive ion etching},
references={Katine, J.A., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 1217-1226; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., (2010) Proc. of the SPIE, 7823, pp. 78232U; Otani, Y., Kubota, H., Fukushima, A., Maehara, H., Osada, T., Yuasa, S., Ando, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2776; Kodaira, Y., Hiromi, T., (2006), United States Patent Number 7,060,194 B2; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6705; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414; Kuo, Y., (1993) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32, p. 179; Bhardwaj, J.K., Ashraf, H., (1995) Proc. SPIE, 2639, p. 224; Jansen, H., Gardeniers, H., De Boer, M., Elwenspoek, M., Fluitman, J., (1996) J. Micromech. Microeng., 6, p. 14; Blumenstock, K., Stephani, D., (1989) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 7, p. 627},
correspondence_address1={Moneck, M.T.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: mmoneck@andrew.cmu.edu},
sponsors={Clean Technology and Sustainable Industries Organization (CTSI); European Patent Office; Greenberg Traurig; Innovation and Materials Science Institute; Jackson Walker L.L.P.},
address={Boston, MA},
isbn={9781439871393},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tech. Proc. NSTI Nanotechnology Conf. Expo, NSTI-Nanotech},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Lille2011,
author={Lille, J. and Patel, K. and Ruiz, R. and Wu, T.-W. and Gao, H. and Wan, L. and Zeltzer, G. and Dobisz, E. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Imprint lithography template technology for bit patterned media (BPM)},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2011},
volume={8166},
doi={10.1117/12.898785},
art_number={816626},
note={cited By 9; Conference of Photomask Technology 2011 ; Conference Date: 19 September 2011 Through 22 September 2011;  Conference Code:87409},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81455137592&doi=10.1117%2f12.898785&partnerID=40&md5=aad5463c39237f72fc5d1f4b7a22523d},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA, 95135, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) for magnetic recording has emerged as a promising technology to deliver thermally stable magnetic storage at densities beyond 1Tb/in2. Insertion of BPM into hard disk drives will require the introduction of nanoimprint lithography and other nanofabrication processes for the first time. In this work, we focus on nanoimprint and nanofabrication challenges that are being overcome in order to produce patterned media. Patterned media has created the need for new tools and processes, such as an advanced rotary e-beam lithography tool and block copolymer integration. The integration of block copolymer is through the use of a chemical contrast pattern on the substrate which guides the alignment of di-block copolymers. Most of the work on directed self assembly for patterned media applications has, until recently, concentrated on the formation of circular dot patterns in a hexagonal close packed lattice. However, interactions between the read head and media favor a bit aspect ratio (BAR) greater than one. This design constraint has motivated new approaches for using self-assembly to create suitable high-BAR master patterns and has implications for template fabrication. © 2011 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit aspect ratio;  Imprint lithography;  Imprint template;  Patterned skew;  Self-assembly},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Chemical contrast;  Design constraints;  Directed self-assembly;  Dot patterns;  e-Beam lithography;  Hard Disk Drive;  Hexagonal close packed;  Imprint lithography;  Imprint template;  Nano-imprint;  Nanofabrication process;  Patterned medias;  Patterned skew;  Read heads;  Template fabrication;  Template technology;  Thermally stable, Aspect ratio;  Block copolymers;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic storage;  Nanotechnology;  Photomasks;  Self assembly;  Technology, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B., 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209; Miller, M., Schmid, G., Doyle, G., Thompson, E., Resnick, D.J., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, pp. 885-890; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Bailey, T.C., Johnson, S., Stacey, N., Schumaker, N., (2003) J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B., 21 (6), pp. 2624-2631; Kercher, D., (2011) Nanofabrication for Patterned Magnetic Media, , SEMICON, San Francisco, California, July; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Dan, K., Takenaka, M., (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9267-9276; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Dan, S.K., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Bates, F.S., (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem, 41, pp. 525-57; Mansky, P., Liu, Y., Huang, E., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., (1997) Science, 275 (5305), pp. 1458-1460; Knoll, A., Horvat, A., Lyakhova, K.S., Krausch, G., Sevink, G.J.A., Zvelindovsky, A.V., Magerle, R., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89 (3), p. 035501; Park, S., Kim, B., Wang, J.-Y., Russell, T.P., (2008) Adv. Materials, 20 (4), pp. 681-685; Childress, J.R., Fontana Jr., R.E., (2005) C. R. Physique, (6), pp. 997-1012; Yamaguchi, T., Usui, K., Hirai, H., Tomiyama, F., Numasato, H., Hamada, Y., Shishida, K., (1999) IEEE Trans.Mag., 35 (2), pp. 892-897; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) ACS Nano, 5 (1), p. 79; Yaegashi, H., The self-aligned Spacer DP process towards 11nm node and beyond (2010) Lithography Workshop, , Lihue, Kauai, November; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B., 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610; Lille, J., Imprint resist properties for bit patterned media (BPM) (2011) MRS Conference, , San Francisco, California, April; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T., (2008) Proceedings of the IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846},
correspondence_address1={Lille, J.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA, 95135, United States; email: jeffrey.lille@hitachigst.com},
sponsors={BACUS},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819487919},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Moneck2011230,
author={Moneck, M.T. and Okada, T. and Fujimori, J. and Kasuya, T. and Katsumura, M. and Iida, T. and Kuriyama, K. and Lin, W.-C. and Sokalski, V. and Powell, S. and Evarts, E. and Majetich, S. and Bain, J.A. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Fabrication and recording of bit patterned media prepared by rotary stage electron beam lithography},
journal={Technical Proceedings of the 2011 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2011},
year={2011},
volume={2},
pages={230-233},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nanotechnology 2011: Electronics, Devices, Fabrication, MEMS, Fluidics and Computational - 2011 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2011 ; Conference Date: 13 June 2011 Through 16 June 2011;  Conference Code:87283},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81455125599&partnerID=40&md5=43ed56bafedeac81be0d30b38e1f1ce9},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pioneer Corporation, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama-ken, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising technology for magnetic recording at densities beyond 1 Tbit/in2. To be viable, bit patterns must be reliably fabricated over large areas with few defects. One potential route is to employ nanoimprint lithography and direct media etching using templates generated by electron beam mastering tools. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the merits of rotary stage electron beam mastering and the effects of direct pattern transfer on BPM arrays patterned into 2.5″ disks at a density of 366 Gbit/in2. The fully circumferential staggered BPM and integrated servo arrays were patterned into CoCrPt media with 42nm down track pitch and 42-84nm cross-track pitch using rotary stage electron beam lithography, liftoff, reactive ion etching, and ion milling processes. Pattern quality is verified via contact recording methods. These results and advanced patterning and etching techniques for 4Tbit/in2 BPM will be discussed in detail.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Electron beam lithography;  Ion milling;  Magnetic recording},
keywords={A-density;  Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Contact recording;  Electron beam mastering;  Etching technique;  Ion milling;  Pattern quality;  Pattern transfers;  Track pitch, Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Electrons;  Fabrication;  Fluidics;  Ions;  Magnetic recording;  Milling (machining);  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanomagnetics, Reactive ion etching},
references={Richter, H., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; Dobisz, E.A., Bandić, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1836; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2604; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risen-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Kitahara, H., Uno, Y., Suzuki, H., Kobayashi, T., Tanaka, H., Kojima, Y., Kobayashi, M., Iida, T., (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, pp. 06GE02; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J., Che, X., Tang, Y., Lee, H.J., Moon, K., Takahashi, N., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2127; Che, X., Moon, K.-S., Tang, Y., Kim, N.-Y., Hong, S.-Y., Lee, H.J., Moneck, M., Takahashi, N., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 4106; Zhou, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Tang, Y.-S., Guan, L., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N903; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., (2010) Proc. of the SPIE, 7823, pp. 78232U},
correspondence_address1={Moneck, M.T.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Pittsburgh, PA, United States; email: mmoneck@andrew.cmu.edu},
sponsors={Clean Technology and Sustainable Industries Organization (CTSI); European Patent Office; Greenberg Traurig; Innovation and Materials Science Institute; Jackson Walker L.L.P.},
address={Boston, MA},
isbn={9781439871393},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tech. Proc. NSTI Nanotechnology Conf. Expo, NSTI-Nanotech},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone20115587,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Cattoni, A. and Faini, G. and Haghiri-Gosnet, A.-M. and Knittel, I. and Hartmann, U. and Schrefl, T. and Albrecht, M.},
title={Investigation of the magnetization reversal of a magnetic dot array of Co/Pt multilayers},
journal={Journal of Nanoparticle Research},
year={2011},
volume={13},
number={11},
pages={5587-5593},
doi={10.1007/s11051-010-0123-z},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857061654&doi=10.1007%2fs11051-010-0123-z&partnerID=40&md5=99fdff8ce4659ab434960265560114e4},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany; CNRS-Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, 91460 Marcoussis, France; Institute of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; St. Pölten University of Applied Science, St. Pölten 3100, Austria},
abstract={The magnetization reversal behavior of a dot array consisting of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was investigated. The size of the dots was varied from 200 nm down to 40 nm, while keeping the filling factor constant at about 0.16. The structural properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the magnetic investigation was performed using SQUID and MFM techniques. It was observed that the dot size has a severe impact on the magnetization reversal mechanism where only the smallest dots with a size of 40 nm are found to be in a magnetic single-domain state. Moreover, the patterning process leads to a degradation of the multilayer, leading to a reduction of the switching field and an increase of the switching field distribution with decreasing dot size. In addition, micromagnetic simulations were performed to understand the magnetization reversal mechanism in more detail. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Magnetization reversal;  Micromagnetism;  Nanolayers;  Recording media},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pt multilayer;  Dot array;  Dot size;  Filling factor;  Magnetic dot arrays;  Magnetization reversal mechanisms;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Micromagnetisms;  Nano layers;  Patterning process;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Recording media;  Single-domain state;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetization reversal;  Scanning electron microscopy, Multilayers, cobalt;  platinum, anisotropy;  chemical structure;  conference paper;  degradation;  magnetic field;  magnetism;  particle size;  priority journal;  scanning electron microscopy},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; platinum, 7440-06-4},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_text 1={Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge E. Preiss (University of Saarbrücken) for help with the in-field MFM measurements, and R. Magerle (TU Chemnitz) for the opportunity to perform AFM/MFM studies. This work is financially supported by the European Commission via the FP7-project TERAMAGSTOR (No. 224001).},
references={Adeyeye, A.O., Singh, N., Large area patterned magnetic nanostructures (2008) J Phys D, 41, p. 153001; Aharoni, A., Angular dependence of nucleation by curling in a prolate spheroid (1997) J Appl Phys, 82, pp. 1281-1288; Frei, E.H., Shtrikman, S., Treves, D., Critical size and nucleation field of ideal ferromagnetic particles (1957) Phys Rev, 106, pp. 446-455; Ishii, Y., Magnetization curling in an infinite cylinder with a uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (1991) J Appl Phys, 70, pp. 3765-3770; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Effect of the anisotropy distribution on the coercive field and switching field distribution of bit patterned media (2009) J Appl Phys, 106, p. 103913; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Albrecht, M., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Magnetization reversal processes of single nanomagnets and their energy barrier (2010) J Magn Magn Mater, 322, pp. 3771-3776; Makarov, D., Tibus, S., Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Magnetic strip patterns induced by focused ion beam irradiation (2008) J Appl Phys, 103, p. 063915; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J Magn Magn Mater, 321, pp. 485-494; Rave, W., Fabian, K., Hubert, A., Magnetic states of small cubic particles with uniaxial anisotropy (1998) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 190 (3), pp. 332-348. , PII S030488539800328X; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co 70Cr 18Pt 12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38, pp. 1725-1730. , 4 I, DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763, PII S0018946402056662; Schabes, M.E., Bertram, H.N., Magnetization processes in ferromagnetic cubes (1988) J Appl Phys, 64, pp. 1347-1358; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; Skomski, R., Nanomagnetics (2003) J Phys Condens Matter, 15, pp. R841-R896; Stoner, E.C., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Trans R Soc A, 240, pp. 599-642; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J Magn Magn Mater, 321, pp. 512-517; Weller, D., Brändle, H., Gorman, G., Lin, C., Notarys, H., Magnetic and magneto optical properties of cobalt platinum alloys with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1992) Appl Phys Lett, 61, pp. 2726-2729},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , 09107 Chemnitz, Germany; email: philipp.krone@physik.tu-chemnitz.de},
issn={13880764},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanopart. Res.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar2011,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Wong, S.K. and Sbiaa, R. and Song, W. and Tan, H.K. and Gonzaga, L. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Origin of anomalously high exchange field in antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic structures: Spin reorientation versus interface anisotropy},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={110},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/1.3658843},
art_number={093915},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81355132321&doi=10.1063%2f1.3658843&partnerID=40&md5=ccba5ba5e30b95da4896b00781285d24},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, A STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Magnetization reorientation from in-plane to perpendicular direction, observed in Co thin film coupled antiferromagnetically to high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Co/Pd) multilayers, is studied systematically for Co thickness ranging from 0 to 2.4 nm. The sample with 0.75 nm thick Co showed an exchange coupling field (Hex) exceeding 15 kOe at room temperature and 17.2 kOe at 5 K. With an increase of Co thickness, Hex decreased as expected and beyond certain thickness, magnetization reorientation was not observed. Indeed, three regions were observed in the thickness dependence of magnetization of the thin layer; one in which the thin layer (in the thickness range up to 0.8 nm) had a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to interface effects and antiferromagnetic coupling, another in which the thin layer (0.9-1.2 nm) magnetization had no interface or crystallographic anisotropy but was reoriented in the perpendicular direction due to antiferromagnetic coupling, and the third (above 1.2 nm) in which the magnetization was in-plane. In addition, Hall effect measurements were carried out to observe the anomalous and planar Hall voltages and to quantify the perpendicular and in-plane components of magnetization. The sample with thicker Co layer (2.4 nm) showed an in-plane component of magnetization, whereas the sample with 0.75 nm Co showed no in-plane component. The high value of Hex observed in 0.75 nm Co samples can have important implications in spintronics and bit patterned media. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Bit-patterned media;  Co thin films;  Crystallographic anisotropy;  Exchange coupling fields;  Exchange fields;  Hall effect measurement;  Hall voltage;  In-plane;  In-plane components;  Interface anisotropy;  Interface effect;  Magnetization reorientation;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Room temperature;  Spin reorientation;  Thickness dependence;  Thin layers, Antiferroelectricity;  Antiferromagnetic materials;  Antiferromagnetism;  Cobalt;  Crystallography;  Film preparation;  Film thickness;  Hall effect;  Interfaces (materials);  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic multilayers;  Thin films, Magnetization},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={M.R. would like to express gratitude for support from the A*STAR (SINGA) Graduate Scholarship program.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7525. , 10.1063/1.1363602; Thiele, J.U., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2003) Appl. Phys. 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Magn., 46, p. 2409. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039202; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Li, L., Zhang, F., Wang, N., Lv, Y.F., Han, X.Y., Zhang, J.J., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 073908. , 10.1063/1.3490134; Gong, W., Li, H., Zhao, Z., Chen, J., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 5119. , 10.1063/1.348144; Li, L., Zhang, F., Wang, N., Lv, Y.F., Han, X.Y., Zhang, J.J., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 073908. , 10.1063/1.3490134},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: Rachid_SBIAA@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Piramanayagam2011,
author={Piramanayagam, S.N. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective},
journal={Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective},
year={2011},
page_count={331},
doi={10.1002/9781118096833},
note={cited By 62},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891571303&doi=10.1002%2f9781118096833&partnerID=40&md5=3fb6d8a54a7ec59c01c361db539c91fa},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore},
abstract={A timely text on the recent developments in data storage, from a materials perspective. Ever-increasing amounts of data storage on hard disk have been made possible largely due to the immense technological advances in the field of data storage materials. Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective covers the recent progress and developments in recording technologies, including the emerging non-volatile memory, which could potentially become storage technologies of the future. Featuring contributions from experts around the globe, this book provides engineers and graduate students in materials science and electrical engineering a solid foundation for grasping the subject. The book begins with the basics of magnetism and recording technology, setting the stage for the following chapters on existing methods and related research topics. These chapters focus on perpendicular recording media to underscore the current trend of hard disk media; read sensors, with descriptions of their fundamental principles and challenges; and write head, which addresses the advanced concepts for writing data in magnetic recording. Two chapters are devoted to the highly challenging area in hard disk drives of tribology, which deals with reliability, corrosion, and wear-resistance of the head and media. Next, the book provides an overview of the emerging technologies, such as heat-assisted magnetic recording and bit-patterned media recording. Non-volatile memory has emerged as a promising alternative storage option for certain device applications; two chapters are dedicated to non-volatile memory technologies such as the phase-change and the magnetic random access memories. With a strong focus on the fundamentals along with an overview of research topics, Developments in Data Storage is an ideal reference for graduate students or beginners in the field of magnetic recording. It also serves as an invaluable reference for future storage technologies including non-volatile memories. © 2012 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, Singapore},
publisher={John Wiley and Sons},
isbn={9780470501009},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dev. in Data Storage: Mater. Perspect.},
document_type={Book},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar2011,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Wong, S.K. and Sbiaa, R. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Anomalous Hall effect measurements on capped bit-patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={99},
number={14},
doi={10.1063/1.3645634},
art_number={142503},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053955427&doi=10.1063%2f1.3645634&partnerID=40&md5=f6e02f698091cb81503d88a54fd19ea1},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (ASTAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={The role of a small exchange coupling between isolated single-domain magnetic dots through a thin continuous film-in a system called capped bit-patterned media (CBPM)-has been studied experimentally using anomalous Hall effect measurements. The exchange coupling, provided by the thin continuous layer, was effective in reducing the switching field distribution (SFD) and coercivity under optimized conditions. SFD increases and coercivity decreases for very high values of exchange coupling due to the formation of multi-domains. Besides reducing SFD, the CBPM also exhibit potential writability advantage at higher densities, indicating their potential application as bit-patterned media. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anomalous Hall effects;  Bit-patterned media;  Continuous layers;  Magnetic dots;  Multi-domains;  Optimized conditions;  Potential applications;  Single domains;  Switching field distribution, Coercive force;  Exchange coupling;  Gyrators;  Hall effect;  Magnetic domains, Nanoimprint lithography},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={M. Ranjbar would like to express gratitude for support from the A*STAR (SINGA) graduate scholarship program.},
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Lett., 82, p. 2859. , 10.1063/1.1571232; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 101 (2), p. 023909. , DOI 10.1063/1.2431399; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (16), p. 162502. , DOI 10.1063/1.2799174; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118. , 10.1063/1.3075565; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Suzi, D., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Key, Y.S., Wong, S.K., Chong, T.C., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1787. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043226; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904. , 10.1063/1.3093699; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, N.H., Inomata, A., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C121. , 10.1063/1.3074781; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 47, p. 18. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2089610; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2011) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, p. 012513. , 10.1063/1.3532839; Piramanayagam, S.N., Zhao, H.B., Shi, J.Z., Mah, C.S., Palladium-based intermediate layers for CoCrPt-SiO2 perpendicular recording media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (9), p. 092506. , DOI 10.1063/1.2175463; Sbiaa, R., Bilin, Z., Ranjbar, M., Tan, H.K., Wong, S.J., Piramanayagam, S.N., Chong, T.C., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 103901. , 10.1063/1.3427560; Tavakkoli, K.G.A., Piramanayagam, S.N., Ranjbar, M., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 29 (1), p. 011035. , 10.1116/1.3532938; Das, S., Kong, S., Nakagawa, S., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6772. , 10.1063/1.1557817; Wong, S.K., Srinivasan, K., Sbiaa, R., Law, R., Tan, E.L., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2409. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039202; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 10.1063/1.2822439; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Sharrock, M.P., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6413. , 10.1063/1.358282; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.007; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Schabes, M., Takano, K., Zeltzer, G., Yen, B.K., Nakamura, Y., Thermal stability and SNR of coupled granular/continuous media (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (4), pp. 1667-1670. , DOI 10.1109/20.950932, PII S0018946401058216; Honda, N., Ouchi, K., Iwasaki, S.-I., Design consideration of ultrahigh-density perpendicular magnetic recording media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1615-1621. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017744, PII S0018946402056650; Nakagawa, H., Nemoto, H., Honda, Y., Ichihara, T., Tanahashi, K., Hosoe, Y., Thermal stability and recording characteristics of TbCo/CoCrPt-hybrid media for perpendicular recording (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (10), p. 8016. , DOI 10.1063/1.1454980; Acharya, B.R., Zheng, M., Choe, G., Yu, M., Gill, P., Abarra, E.N., Anisotropy enhanced dual magnetic layer media design for high-density perpendicular recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3145-3147. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854843},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: prem_SN@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Toyoda2011173,
author={Toyoda, N. and Yamada, I.},
title={Cross-sectional TEM study of surface modification of nano-structure with gas cluster ion beams},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2011},
volume={1298},
pages={173-178},
doi={10.1557/opl.2011.48},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2010 MRS Fall Meeting ; Conference Date: 29 November 2010 Through 3 December 2010;  Conference Code:86598},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053178699&doi=10.1557%2fopl.2011.48&partnerID=40&md5=de461aca3fe392196b3db6445416fe06},
affiliation={Incubation Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2201, Japan},
abstract={Surface modification effects on patterned surface with gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) were studied by observation with a cross-sectional transmission electron microscope in order to use it for planarization of patterned media such as discrete track media (DTM) or bit-patterned media (BPM) for future hard disk drives. As a model structure of patterned media, line-and-space or bit patterns were fabricated on Si substrates, and subsequently amorphous carbon films were deposited on them. After Ar-GCIB irradiations on amorphous carbon, it was shown that GCIB preferentially removed bumps or crest on the surface of amorphous carbon at normal incidence. The required thickness for planarization was close to the initial peak-to-valley. At an incident angle of 57°, line-and-space patterns became sharp-pointed shape. On the contrary, line-and-space patterns were planarized without tiny asperity formation at 77°. These results indicate that quite effective planarization of patterned surface is possible using GCIB at normal or glancing angle irradiation. © 2011 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Cross-sectional TEM;  Discrete track media;  Gas cluster ion beams;  Glancing angle;  Hard Disk Drive;  Incident angles;  Line-and-space;  Line-and-space patterns;  Normal incidence;  Patterned medias;  Patterned surface;  Planarization;  Si substrates;  Transmission electron microscope, Amorphous films;  Amorphous silicon;  Carbon films;  Hard disk storage;  Ion beam assisted deposition;  Ion beams;  Irradiation;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Surfaces;  Transmission electron microscopy, Amorphous carbon},
references={Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., (2008) Proc. of IEEE, 96, p. 1836; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2510; Yamada, I., Matsuo, J., Toyoda, N., Aoki, T., Jones, E., Insepov, Z., (1998) Mat. Sci. and Eng., A, 253, pp. 249-257; Yamada, I., (1992) Radaiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 124, p. 69; Insepov, Z., Allen, L.P., Santeufemio, C., Jones, K.S., Yamada, I., (2003) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B, 202, p. 261; Aoki, T., Seki, T., Ninomiya, S., Matsuo, J., (2008) Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, p. 944; Toyoda, N., Hirota, T., Yamada, I., Yakushiji, H., Hinoue, T., Ono, T., Matsumoto, H., (2010) IEEE Trans. on Magn., 46, p. 1599; Aoki, T., Matsuo, J., (2007) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B, 257, p. 645},
correspondence_address1={Toyoda, N.; Incubation Center, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2201, Japan},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781605112756},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20118307,
author={Li, G.J. and Leung, C.W. and Lei, Z.Q. and Lin, K.W. and Lai, P.T. and Pong, P.W.T.},
title={Patterning of FePt for magnetic recording},
journal={Thin Solid Films},
year={2011},
volume={519},
number={23},
pages={8307-8311},
doi={10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.088},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052726539&doi=10.1016%2fj.tsf.2011.03.088&partnerID=40&md5=dcfa27c72658efaafa4fa2772a856e9d},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan},
abstract={Higher areal density for magnetic recording is needed to provide larger storage capacities on harddisk drives. However, as the recording bit size of traditional magnetic recording materials (such as Co/Cr) approaches 10 nm, the magnetic direction of each recording bit would become unstable at room temperature due to thermal fluctuation. To solve this problem, efforts have been made using two methods: one method is to replace the disk media with new materials possessing higher magnetic anisotropy which would lead to better thermal stability; and the second one is to employ different configurations for the recording layer. FePt with patterned media configuration is a combination of these two methods. In this paper we review some novel and interesting methods of patterning FePt for magnetic recording, including thermal patterning, self-assembly patterning, and lithography patterning. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Fct phase;  FePt;  Lithography;  Self-assembly;  Thermal patterning},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit size;  Fct phase;  FePt;  Hard Disk Drive;  Magnetic recording materials;  Patterned medias;  Recording layers;  Room temperature;  Storage capacity;  Thermal fluctuations;  Thermal patterning, Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Self assembly, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={University of Hong KongUniversity of Hong Kong, HKU, PolyU 5232/09E},
funding_text 1={The support from the Seed Funding Program for Basic Research from the University of Hong Kong and the GRF (Grant code: PolyU 5232/09E ) from the HKSAR are acknowledged.},
references={Halilov, S.V., Feder, R., (1993) Solid State Commun, 88 (10), p. 749; Shick, A.B., Mryasov, O.N., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67 (17), p. 172407; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287 (5460), p. 1989; Breitling, A., Goll, D., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (8), p. 1449; Stappert, S., Rellinghaus, B., Acet, M., Wassermann, E.F., (2003) J. Cryst. Growth, 252 (13), p. 440; Zeng, H., Sun, S.H., Sandstrom, R.L., Murray, C.B., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 266 (12), p. 227; Vedantam, T.S., Liu, J.P., Zeng, H., Sun, S., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93 (10), p. 7184; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 990; Buschbeck, J., Fahler, S., Weisheit, M., Leistner, K., McCord, J., Rellinghaus, B., Schultz, L., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100 (12), p. 123901; Hamann, H.F., Woods, S.I., Sun, S.H., (2003) Nano Lett., 3 (12), p. 1643; Tanase, J.-G.Z.M., Liu, C., Shukla, N., Klemmer, T.J., Weller, D., Laughlin, D.E., (2007) Metall. Mater. Trans., A-4, p. 798; Lin, G.P., Kuo, P.C., Huang, K.T., Shen, C.L., Tsai, T.L., Lin, Y.H., Wu, M.S., (2010) Thin Solid Films, 518 (8), p. 2167; Yildirim, O., Gang, T., Kinge, S., Reinhoudt, D.N., Blank, D.H.A., Van Der Wiel, W.G., Rijnders, G., Huskens, J., (2010) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11 (3), p. 1162; Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2009) Physica, 3 (5), p. 130; Chang, C.H., Tan, C.W., Miao, J.M., Barbastathis, G., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20 (49), p. 495301; Chen, M., Nikles, D.E., Yin, H.Q., Wang, S.T., Harrell, J.W., Majetich, S.A., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 266 (12), p. 8; Qiu, L.J., Ding, J., Adeyeye, A.O., Yin, J.H., Chen, J.S., Goolaup, S., Singh, N., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), p. 2157; Zhong, H., Tarrach, G., Wu, P., Drechsler, A., Wei, D., Yuan, J., (2008) Nanotechnology, 19 (9), p. 095703; Darling, S.B., Yufa, N.A., Cisse, A.L., Bader, S.D., Sibener, S.J., (2005) Adv. Mater., 17 (20), p. 2446; Tang, Y.J., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Jin, S., Kim, J.W., Kim, Y.H., Yoon, C.S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08G909; Guo, Q.J., Teng, X.W., Yang, H., (2004) Adv. Mater., 16 (15), p. 1337; Spada, F.E., Parker, F.T., Platt, C.L., Howard, J.K., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 94 (8), p. 5123; Kao, T.S., Fu, Y.H., Hsu, H.W., Tsai, D.P., (2008) J. Microsc-Oxford, 229 (3), p. 561; Fu, Y.H., Lu, Y.L., Chang, P.H., Hsu, W.C., Tsai, S.Y., Tsai, D.P., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45 (9 A), p. 7224. , 1; Saita, S., Maenosono, S., (2004) J. Phys. Condens. Mat., 16 (36), p. 6385; Liu, C., Wu, X.W., Klemmer, T., Shukla, N., Weller, D., (2005) Chem. Mater., 17 (3), p. 620; Yao, B., Petrova, R.V., Vanfleet, R.R., Coffey, K.R., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08E913; Momose, S., Kodama, H., Yamagishi, W., Uzumaki, T., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46 (4549), p. 1105. , 2; Lu, M.H., Song, T., Zhou, T.J., Wang, J.P., Piramanayagam, S.N., Ma, W.W., Gong, H., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95 (11), p. 6735; Ramsay, E., Pleynet, N., Xiao, D., Warburton, R.J., Reid, D.T., (2005) Opt. Lett., 30 (1), p. 26; Mason, D.R., Jouravlev, M.V., Kim, K.S., (2010) Opt. Lett., 35 (12), p. 2007; Yang, X.F., Zeng, B.B., Wang, C.T., Luo, X.G., (2009) Opt. Express, 17 (24), p. 21560; Murukeshan, V.M., Sreekanth, K.V., (2009) Opt. Lett., 34 (6), p. 845; Endo, A., (2004) IEEE J. Sel. Top Quant., 10 (6), p. 1298; Sun, S.H., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18 (4), p. 393; Verdes, C., Ahner, J., Jones, P.M., Shukla, N., Chantrell, R.W., Weller, D., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86 (26); Yano, K., Nandwana, V., Poudyal, N., Rong, C.B., Liu, J.P., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104 (1), p. 013918; Lu, L.Y., Wang, D., Xu, X.G., Zhan, Y., Jiang, Y., (2009) J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (46), p. 19867; Li, D.R., Poudyal, N., Nandwana, V., Jin, Z.Q., Elkins, K., Liu, J.P., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08E911; Rong, C.B., Poudyal, N., Chaubey, G.S., Nandwana, V., Liu, Y., Wu, Y.Q., Kramer, M.J., Liu, J.P., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103 (7), pp. 07E131; Kantor, Z., (2004) Thin Solid Films, 453 (54), p. 350; Liu, K., Ho, C.L., Aouba, S., Zhao, Y.Q., Lu, Z.H., Petrov, S., Coombs, N., Manners, I., (2008) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47 (7), p. 1255; Seki, T., Shima, T., Yakushiji, K., Takanashi, K., Li, G.Q., Ishio, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100 (4), p. 043915; Albertini, F., Nasi, L., Casoli, F., Fabbrici, S., Luches, P., Gazzadi, G.C., Di Bona, A., Contri, S.F., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104 (5), p. 053907; Patel, R.N., Heitsch, A.T., Hyun, C., Smilgies, D.M., De Lozanne, A., Loo, Y.L., Korgel, B.A., (2009) Accs. Appl. Mater. Inter., 1 (6), p. 1339; Wu, P.W., Peng, L.Q., Tuo, X.L., Wang, X.G., Yuan, J., (2005) Nanotechnology, 16 (9), p. 1693; Kim, S.W., Kim, M., Lee, W.Y., Hyeon, T., (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124 (26), p. 7642; He, Y.J., (2005) Mater. Res. Bull., 40 (4), p. 629; Bao, J.C., Liang, Y.Y., Xu, Z., Si, L., (2003) Adv. Mater., 15 (21), p. 1832; Weekes, S.M., Ogrin, F.Y., Murray, W.A., (2004) Langmuir, 20 (25), p. 11208},
correspondence_address1={Pong, P.W.T.; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, , Hong Kong, Hong Kong; email: ppong@eee.hku.hk},
issn={00406090},
coden={THSFA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Thin Solid Films},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2011,
author={Yang, J.K.W. and Chen, Y. and Huang, T. and Duan, H. and Thiyagarajah, N. and Hui, H.K. and Leong, S.H. and Ng, V.},
title={Fabrication and characterization of bit-patterned media beyond 1.5 Tbit/in2},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={22},
number={38},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/22/38/385301},
art_number={385301},
note={cited By 59},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052152407&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f22%2f38%2f385301&partnerID=40&md5=c857beaaadf0ea77c529d20fbe0941e3},
affiliation={Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A STAR, 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, A STAR, 5 Engineering Drive, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={We fabricated bit-patterned media (BPM) at densities as high as 3.3 Tbit/in2 using a process consisting of high-resolution electron-beam lithography followed directly by magnetic film deposition. By avoiding pattern transfer processes such as etching and liftoff that inherently reduce pattern fidelity, the resolution of the final pattern was kept close to that of the lithographic step. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) showed magnetic isolation of the patterned bits at 1.9 Tbit/in2, which was close to the resolution limit of the MFM. The method presented will enable studies on magnetic bits packed at ultra-high densities, and can be combined with other scalable patterning methods such as templated self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography for high-volume manufacturing. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Film deposition;  High resolution;  High-volume manufacturing;  Magnetic bits;  Magnetic isolation;  Pattern fidelity;  Pattern transfer process;  Patterning methods;  Resolution limits;  Templated;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic force microscopy, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={White, R.L., (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 209 (1-3), pp. 1-5; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, pp. 449-458; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 467-476; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31 (1), pp. 203-235; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 17 (6), pp. 3168-3176; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (2), pp. 189-196; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 526-530; Wood, R., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 555-561; Stipe, B.C., (2010) Nature Photon., 4 (7), pp. 484-488; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 (22), p. 223131; Choi, C., Yoon, Y., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Talke, F., Jin, S., (2011) Microsyst. Technol., 17 (3), pp. 395-402; Yang, J.K.W., Cord, B., Duan, H., Berggren, K.K., Klingfus, J., Nam, S.-W., Kim, K.-B., Rooks, M.J., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 27 (6), pp. 2622-2627; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323 (5917), pp. 1030-1033; Bigioni, T.P., Lin, X.M., Nguyen, T.T., Corwin, E.I., Witten, T.A., Jaeger, H.M., (2006) Nature Mater., 5 (4), pp. 265-270; Van Dorp, W.F., Van Someren, B., Hagen, C.W., Kruit, P., (2005) Nano Lett., 5 (7), pp. 1303-1307; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21 (24), pp. 2516-2519; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7823, pp. 78232U; Morecroft, D., Yang, J.K.W., Schuster, S., Berggren, K.K., Xia, Q.F., Wu, W., Williams, R.S., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 27 (6), pp. 2837-2840; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 939-943; Ruiz, R., Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S.G., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610; Austin, M.D., Ge, H.X., Wu, W., Li, M.T., Yu, Z.N., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 (26), pp. 5299-5301; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029; Duan, H., Berggren, K.K., (2010) Nano Lett., 10 (9), pp. 3710-3716; Chen, Y.J., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.094; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 (10), p. 102501; Chen, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1990-1993; Lu, W., Li, Z., Hatakeyama, K., Egawa, G., Yoshimura, S., Saito, H., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (14), p. 143104; Amos, N., Ikkawi, R., Haddon, R., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 (20), p. 203116},
correspondence_address1={Yang, J.K.W.; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore; email: yangkwj@imre.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Chandrasekaran2011434,
author={Chandrasekaran, S. and Supnithi, P.},
title={A spinstand study on the feasibility of shingled write recording},
journal={ECTI-CON 2011 - 8th Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand - Conference 2011},
year={2011},
pages={434-437},
doi={10.1109/ECTICON.2011.5947868},
art_number={5947868},
note={cited By 4; Conference of 8th Electrical Engineering/ Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI) Association of Thailand - Conference 2011, ECTI-CON 2011 ; Conference Date: 17 May 2011 Through 19 May 2011;  Conference Code:85877},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961241180&doi=10.1109%2fECTICON.2011.5947868&partnerID=40&md5=085511f3cec539fa58bb15a684c669f4},
affiliation={College of Data Storage Technology and Innovations, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Facuity of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Western Digital (Thailand) Company Limited, Bangpa-In, Ayutthaya, Thailand},
abstract={Super-paramagnetic effect will limit the areal density beyond 1 Tb/in 2 of the perpendicular magnetic recording in hard disk drive technology. Based on the road map predictions, the entire industry is working towards alternative technologies such as heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), bit patterned media (BPM), microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) and shingled write recording (SWR) or shingled magnetic recording (SMR). Shingled write recording is based on overlapping the written data tracks; hence, some guard band spaces are saved. Shingled write recording appears as one of the promising candidates to extend the areal density in the future. In this study, we focus on the feasibility of the shingled write recording using the spinstand testers. The experimental results on the writability parameters measured on the spinstand testers such as reverse overwrite (ROW), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) suggest that the conventional perpendicular magnetic recording could be extended using the shingle method. In addition, a wide range of the writer widths could be used for the shingle unlike the conventional perpendicular recording. However, the read channel integration needs to play a major role to make the shingled write recording become truly feasible. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={hard disk drive technology;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  reverse overwrite;  shingled write recording;  writability},
keywords={hard disk drive technology;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  reverse overwrite;  shingled write recording;  writability, Bit error rate;  Hard disk storage;  Information technology;  Magnetic devices;  Paramagnetism;  Signal to noise ratio;  Telecommunication, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled recording for 2-3 Tbit/in (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3823-3831. , Oct; Li, S.P., Mendez, H., Reverse Overwrite Process in Shingled Recording Process at Ultrahigh Track Density IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2497-2500; Miura, K., Yamamoto, E., Muraoka, H., Estimation of maximum track density in shingled writing (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3722-3725. , Oct; Kanai, Y., Jinbo, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Greaves, S.J., Yoshida, K., Muraoka, H., Finite-element and micromagnetic modeling of write heads for shingled recording IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, pp. 715-720},
correspondence_address1={Chandrasekaran, S.; College of Data Storage Technology and Innovations, , Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: Selvan.Chandrasekaran@wdc.com},
address={Khon Kaen},
isbn={9781457704246},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECTI-CON - Electr. Eng./ Electron., Comput., Telecommun. Inf. Technol. (ECTI) Assoc. Thailand - Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Pfau2011,
author={Pfau, B. and Günther, C.M. and Guehrs, E. and Hauet, T. and Yang, H. and Vinh, L. and Xu, X. and Yaney, D. and Rick, R. and Eisebitt, S. and Hellwig, O.},
title={Origin of magnetic switching field distribution in bit patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={99},
number={6},
doi={10.1063/1.3623488},
art_number={062502},
note={cited By 45},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860389812&doi=10.1063%2f1.3623488&partnerID=40&md5=459c536e78a714b664d384425464a997},
affiliation={TU Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany; San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy-Université, CNRS, boulevard des aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Rd., Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Using a combination of synchrotron radiation based magnetic imaging and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy we reveal systematic correlations between the magnetic switching field and the internal nanoscale structure of individual islands in bit patterned media fabricated by Co/Pd-multilayer deposition onto pre-patterned substrates. We find that misaligned grains at the island periphery are a common feature independent of the island switching field, while irregular island shapes and misaligned grains specifically extending into the center of an island are systematically correlated with a reduced island reversal field. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Common features;  Island shape;  Magnetic imaging;  Magnetic switching;  Nanoscale structure;  Switching field;  Systematic correlation, High resolution electron microscopy;  High resolution transmission electron microscopy;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Transmission electron microscopy, Nanomagnetics},
references={Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , edited by J. P. Liu, E. E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer (Springer Science Business Media, New York); Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Shaw, J.M., Olsen, M., Lau, J.W., Schneider, M.L., Silva, T.J., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Terris, B.D., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 144437. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144437; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., Rotation and wall propagation in multidomain Co/Pd islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3589-3591. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854733; Dittrich, R., Hu, G., Schrefl, T., Thomson, T., Suess, D., Terris, B.D., Fidler, J., Angular dependence of the switching field in patterned magnetic elements (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1851931, 10J705; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 10.1063/1.2822439; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Eisebitt, S., Luning, J., Schlotter, W.F., Lorgen, M., Hellwig, O., Eberhardt, W., Stohr, J., Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography (2004) Nature, 432 (7019), pp. 885-888. , DOI 10.1038/nature03139; Engel, B.N., England, C.D., Van Leeuwen, R.A., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 1910. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1910; Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08E705. , 10.1063/1.2164416; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , 10.1063/1.3276911},
correspondence_address1={Pfau, B.; TU Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2011,
author={Lee, J. and Brombacher, C. and Fidler, J. and Dymerska, B. and Suess, D. and Albrecht, M.},
title={Contribution of the easy axis orientation, anisotropy distribution and dot size on the switching field distribution of bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={99},
number={6},
doi={10.1063/1.3623752},
art_number={062505},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83755212210&doi=10.1063%2f1.3623752&partnerID=40&md5=ba36f478c825374f2e3e94fd5c7eaa95},
affiliation={Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiener Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany},
abstract={A magnetic nanostructure array was fabricated by post-patterning of a L1 0 ordered 5-nm-thick FePtCu film revealing a rather broad switching field distribution (SFD). The individual contributions to the SFD of the dot array were investigated by micromagnetic simulations. Based on transmission electron microscopy results, the dots show a truncated cone shape which was directly used for the finite element model. The influence of single parameters, i.e., easy axis distribution, magnetic anisotropy, and dot size, on the SFD was estimated quantitatively and compared. Furthermore, the influence of damage induced during the nanofabrication process was analyzed and correlated with experimental results. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy distribution;  Bit-patterned media;  Dot array;  Dot size;  Easy axis;  Finite element models;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Nanofabrication process;  Single parameter;  Switching field distribution;  Truncated cone shape, Finite element method;  Transmission electron microscopy, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC, FP7-ITC-2007-2-224001},
funding_text 1={The financial support from the European Commission via the TERAMAGSTOR project (No. FP7-ITC-2007-2-224001) is kindly acknowledged. All electron microscopy investigations were carried out using facilities at the USTEM, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), p. 485. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.007; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12 (6), p. 3196. , 10.1116/1.587499; Adam, J.-P., Jamet, J.-P., Ferre, J., Mougin, A., Rohart, S., Weil, R., Bourhis, E., Gierak, J., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21 (44), p. 445302. , 10.1088/0957-4484/21/44/445302; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.902970; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Brombacher, C., Grobis, M., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Eriksson, T., Werner, T., Hellwig, O., Albrecht, M., L10 FePtCu bit patterned media, (unpublished); Yan, M.L., Xu, Y.F., Sellmyer, D.J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08G903. , 10.1063/1.2164428; Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Numerical micromagnetics for granular magnetic materials (1996) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 157-158, pp. 331-335. , DOI 10.1016/0304-8853(95)01189-7; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), p. 3531. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022407; Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Allwood, D.A., Suess, D., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , Head and bit patterned media optimization at areal densities of 2.5Tbit/in2 and beyond, (in press); Yamakawa, K., Muraoka, H., Fudano, K., Greaves, S.J., Ohsawa, Y., Ise, K., Nakamura, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), p. 730. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2036587; Lee, J., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Hwan Oh, K., Micromagnetic study of recording on ion-irradiated granular-patterned media (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 319 (1-2), pp. 5-8. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.019, PII S030488530700621X; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97 (8), p. 082501. , 10.1063/1.3481668},
correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; Institute of Solid State Physics, Wiener Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria; email: jehyun.lee@tuwien.ac.at},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nagpal20115673,
author={Nagpal, U. and Kang, H. and Craig, G.S.W. and Nealey, P.F. and De Pablo, J.J.},
title={Pattern dimensions and feature shapes of ternary blends of block copolymer and low molecular weight homopolymers directed to assemble on chemically nanopatterned surfaces},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2011},
volume={5},
number={7},
pages={5673-5682},
doi={10.1021/nn201335v},
note={cited By 35},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961051491&doi=10.1021%2fnn201335v&partnerID=40&md5=a337aef790cf5248b71a0cd8a4350eb7},
affiliation={Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States},
abstract={Ternary blends of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) and low molecular weight PS and PMMA were directed to assemble on chemically patterned surfaces with hexagonal symmetry. The chemical patterns consisted of strongly PMMA preferential spots, patterned by electron-beam lithography, in a matrix of PS. The spot-to-spot spacing of the chemical patterns (Ls) was varied between 0.9L0 and 1.1L0, where L0 is the cylinder-to-cylinder spacing of the pure block copolymer in bulk. The homopolymer volume fraction of the blends (βH) was varied between 0 and 0.3. In addition, chemical patterns were formed with selected spots missing from the perfect hexagonal array, such that the interpolation of domains between patterned spots could be examined on patterns where the polymer/pattern feature density ranged from 1:1 to 4:1. The assemblies were analyzed with top-down SEM, from which orientational order parameter (OPo) values were determined. The SEM analysis was complemented by Monte Carlo simulations, which offered insights into the shapes of the assembled cylindrical domains. It was found that, in comparison to pure block copolymer, adding homopolymer increased the range of Ls values over which assemblies with high OPo values could be achieved for 1:1 assemblies. However, the corresponding simulations showed that in the 1:1 assemblies the shape of the cylinders was more uniform for pure block copolymer than for blends. In the case of the 4:1 assemblies, the range of Ls values over which assemblies with high OPo values could be achieved was the same for all values of βH tested, but the domains of the pure block copolymer had a more uniform shape. Overall, the results provided insights into the blend composition to be used to meet technological requirements for directed assembly with density multiplication. © 2011 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit patterned media;  blends;  block copolymer;  chemical pattern;  commensurability;  density multiplication;  ternary blend;  thin film},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  blends;  chemical pattern;  commensurability;  Ternary blends, Blending;  Block copolymers;  Computer simulation;  Copolymerization;  Cylinders (shapes);  Esters;  Homopolymerization;  Molecular weight;  Monte Carlo methods;  Nanocomposites;  Polystyrenes, Plastic products, methacrylic acid derivative;  polystyrene block poly(methyl methacrylate);  polystyrene derivative;  polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate), article;  chemistry;  methodology;  molecular weight;  Monte Carlo method;  nanotechnology;  surface property, Methacrylates;  Molecular Weight;  Monte Carlo Method;  Nanotechnology;  Polystyrenes;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={Methacrylates; Polystyrenes; polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)},
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Technol., B, 24, p. 3188; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., Polymer self assembly in semiconductor microelectronics (2007) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 51 (5), pp. 605-633. , http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/515/black.html, DOI 10.1147/rd.515.0605; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.-H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., Formation of a cobalt magnetic dot array via block copolymer lithography (2001) Advanced Materials, 13 (15), pp. 1174-1178. , DOI 10.1002/1521-4095(200108)13:15<1174::AID-ADMA1174>3.0.CO;2-Q; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Fabrication of nanostructures with long-range order using block copolymer lithography (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (19), p. 3657. , DOI 10.1063/1.1519356; Kim, S.H., Misner, M.J., Xu, T., Kimura, M., Russell, T.P., Highly Oriented and Ordered Arrays from Block Copolymers via Solvent Evaporation (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, pp. 226-231; Park, M., Harrison, C., Chaikin, P.M., Register, R.A., Adamson, D.H., Block copolymer lithography: Periodic arrays of ~1011 holes in 1 square centimeter (1997) Science, 276 (5317), pp. 1401-1404. , DOI 10.1126/science.276.5317.1401; Ruiz, R., Ruiz, N., Zhang, Y., Sandstrom, R.L., Black, C.T., Local defectivity control of 2D self-assembled block copolymer patterns (2007) Advanced Materials, 19 (16), pp. 2157-2162. , DOI 10.1002/adma.200602470; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., Graphoepitaxy of spherical domain block copolymer films (2001) Advanced Materials, 13 (15), pp. 1152-1155. , DOI 10.1002/1521-4095(200108)13:15<1152::AID-ADMA1152>3.0.CO;2-5; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kastle, G., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K., Russell, T., Ultrahigh-Density Nanowire Arrays Grown in Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymer Templates (2000) Science, 290, p. 2126; Wang, Q., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., Simulations of the Morphology of Cylinder-Forming Asymmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films on Nanopatterned Substrates (2003) Macromolecules, 36, pp. 1731-1740; Park, S.M., Craig, G.S.W., Liu, C.C., La, Y.H., Ferrier, N.J., Nealey, P.F., Characterization of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymers Directed to Assemble on Spotted Chemical Patterns (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 9118-9123; Han, E., Stuen, K.O., La, Y.H., Nealey, P.F., Gopalan, P., Effect of Composition of Substrate-Modifying Random Copolymers on the Orientation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Diblock Copolymer Domains (2008) Macromolecules, 41, pp. 9090-9097; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density Multiplication and Improved Lithography by Directed Block Copolymer Assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Kang, H.M., Stuen, K.O., Nealey, P.F., Directed Assembly of Cylinder-Forming Ternary Blend of Block Copolymer and Their Respective Homopolymers on Chemical Patterns with Density Multiplication of Features (2010) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 23, pp. 297-299; Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F., Stuen, K.O., Craig, G.S.W., De Pablo, J.J., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Shape Control and Density Multiplication of Cylinder-Forming Ternary Block Copolymer-Homopolymer Blend Thin Films on Chemical Patterns (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 28, pp. C6B24-C6B29; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media (2011) ACS Nano, 5, pp. 79-84; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A Novel Approach to Addressable 4 teradot/in.2 Patterned Media (2009) Adv. 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IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414. , DOI 10.1038/nature01775; Rockford, L., Liu, Y., Mansky, P., Russell, T.P., Yoon, M., Mochrie, S.G.J., Polymers on nanoperiodic, heterogeneous surfaces (1999) Physical Review Letters, 82 (12), pp. 2602-2605; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., Precise Control over Molecular Dimensions of Block-Copolymer Domains Using the Interfacial Energy of Chemically Nanopatterned Substrates (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, pp. 1315-1319; Park, S.M., Stoykovich, M.P., Ruiz, R., Zhang, Z., Black, C.T., Nealey, P.F., Directed Assembly of Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymers Using Chemically and Topographically Patterned Substrates (2007) Adv. Mater., 19, p. 607; Stuen, K.O., Thomas, C.S., Liu, G.L., Ferrier, N., Nealey, P.F., Dimensional Scaling of Cylinders in Thin Films of Block Copolymer-Homopolymer Ternary Blends (2009) Macromolecules, 42, pp. 5139-5145; Liu, C.C., Craig, G.S.W., Kang, H.M., Ruiz, R., Nealey, P.F., Ferrier, N.J., Practical Implementation of Order Parameter Calculation for Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films (2010) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 48, pp. 2589-2603; Detcheverry, F.A., Pike, D.Q., Nagpal, U., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., Theoretically Informed Coarse Grain Simulations of Block Copolymer Melts: Method and Applications (2009) Soft Matter, 5, pp. 4858-4865; Matsen, M.W., Phase-Behavior of Block-Copolymer Homopolymer Blends (1995) Macromolecules, 28, pp. 5765-5773; Winey, K.I., Thomas, E.L., Fetters, L.J., Swelling a Lamellar Diblock Copolymer with Homopolymer-Influences of Homopolymer Concentration and Molecular-Weight (1991) Macromolecules, 24, pp. 6182-6188; Dai, K.H., Kramer, E.J., Shull, K.R., Interfacial Segregation in 2-Phase Polymer Blends with Diblock Copolymer Additives-The Effect of Homopolymer Molecular-Weight (1992) Macromolecules, 25, pp. 220-225; Komura, S., Kodama, H., Tamura, K., Real-Space Mean-Field Approach to Polymeric Ternary Systems (2002) J. Chem. 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Chem. Phys., 125, p. 184904; Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Stuen, K.O., Craig, G.S.W., De Pablo, J.J., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Shape Control and Density Multiplication of Cylinder-Forming Ternary Block Copolymer-Homopolymer Blend Thin Films on Chemical Patterns (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 28, pp. C6B24-C6B29; Detcheverry, F., Liu, G., Nealey, P., De Pablo, J., Interpolation in the Directed Assembly of Block Copolymers on Nanopatterned Substrates: Simulation and Experiments (2010) Macromolecules, 43, pp. 3446-3454},
correspondence_address1={Nealey, P.F.; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; email: nealey@engr.wisc.edu},
issn={19360851},
pubmed_id={21661763},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nishiyama2011,
author={Nishiyama, N. and Takenaka, K. and Saidoh, N. and Futamoto, M. and Saotome, Y. and Inoue, A.},
title={Glassy alloy composites for bit-patterned-media},
journal={Journal of Alloys and Compounds},
year={2011},
volume={509},
number={SUPPL. 1},
pages={S145-S147},
doi={10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.12.020},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958129065&doi=10.1016%2fj.jallcom.2010.12.020&partnerID=40&md5=e7a83939f64a86e7de73e94fbff6b39c},
affiliation={RIMCOF Tohoku Univ. Lab., Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Faculity of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8511, Japan; Osaka Center, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={With the aim of developing a novel perpendicular bit-patterned-media, combined process of thermal imprinting of glassy alloy thin film and embedding Co/Pd multilayer was developed. Nano hole array with a hole diameter of 30 nm was successfully formed onto Pd-based glassy alloy thin film by thermal imprinting. Co/Pd multilayer was overlaid on a textured Pd-based glassy alloy thin film. After finishing by sputter etching, prototype bit-patterned-media was prepared. Switching behavior examined under magnetic field of ±10 kOe reveals that the isolated magnetic dots began to switch at 10 kOe. These results suggest that the prototype composite has a strong possibility for the realization of next generation bit-patterned-media with high data density. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Glassy alloy composites;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic switching;  Thermal nano-imprinting;  Thin film},
keywords={Co/Pd multilayers;  Combined process;  Data density;  Glassy alloys;  Hole diameter;  Magnetic dots;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic switching;  Nano-imprinting;  Nanohole arrays;  Sputter etching;  Switching behaviors, Film preparation;  Magnetic fields;  Multilayers, Alloys},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 21360355, 23656448},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={The authors are grateful to Prof. H. Fujimori and Prof. A. Makino at Tohoku University for stimulating discussion. Funding by “New Energy and Industrial technology Development Organization (NEDO)” under “Technological Development of Innovative Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is also gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Inoue, A., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 279; Nishiyama, N., Amiya, K., Inoue, A., (2007) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, p. 3615; Saotome, Y., Itoh, K., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2001) Scr. Mater., 44, p. 1541; Saotome, Y., Hatori, T., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2001) Mater. Sci. Eng., 716, pp. 304-A306; Kumar, G., Tang, H.X., Schroers, J., (2009) Nature, 457, p. 868; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Mag., 33, p. 978; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 3114; Nishiyama, N., Takenaka, K., Togashi, N., Miura, H., Saidoh, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1983; Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 568; Takenaka, K., Saidoh, N., Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., (2010) Intermetallics, 18, p. 1969; Bai, J., Takahoshi, H., Ito, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 1133; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., Suna, A., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, p. 178},
correspondence_address1={Nishiyama, N.; RIMCOF Tohoku Univ. Lab., , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcofnn@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={09258388},
coden={JALCE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Alloys Compd},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar2011,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Tavakkoli, A. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Tan, K.P. and Sbiaa, R. and Wong, S.K. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Magnetostatic interaction effects in switching field distribution of conventional and staggered bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={44},
number={26},
doi={10.1088/0022-3727/44/26/265005},
art_number={265005},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960248953&doi=10.1088%2f0022-3727%2f44%2f26%2f265005&partnerID=40&md5=85a8822a17203819ca7b888136c97fe6},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (A STAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117608, Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 117456, Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Effect of magnetostatic interaction on the switching field distribution (SFD) of nanodots with a diameter of 30 nm was investigated in square (conventional) and hexagonal (staggered) lattice configurations. The objective of the study is to achieve different kinds of magnetostatic interaction in experimental samples and to understand their influence on SFD. It was observed that the SFD was wider in the staggered lattice. Micromagnetic simulation was carried out and a fit of experimental results to the simulation was made to understand the observed trends. In addition, magnetic layers with an antiferromagnetic coupling configuration were also studied in the two geometries. The SFD of antiferromagnetically coupled dots was further reduced, highlighting the effect of magnetostatic interaction. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Bit-patterned media;  Lattice configuration;  Magnetic layers;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Nanodots;  Switching field distribution, Antiferromagnetism, Magnetostatics},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., Recent (2007) Patents on Nanotechnology., 1, p. 29; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7525; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2516; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118; Ranjbar, M., Piramanayagam, S.N., Suzi, D., Aung, K.O., Sbiaa, R., Key, Y.S., Wong, S.K., Chong, T.C., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1787; Fullerton, E.E., Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., Carey, M., Gurney, B., Moser, A., Best, M., Doerner, M., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, p. 3806; Tavakkoli, K.G.A., Piramanayagam, S.N., Ranjbar, M., Sbiaa, R., Chong, T.C., (2011) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 29, p. 011035; Richter H J, Dobin A Y and Weller D K 2007 US Patent US2007/0258161/A1; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., (2007) J. Appl. Phy., 101, p. 023909; El-Hilo, M., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 1279; Zhang, L.F., Xu, C., Ma, Y.Q., (2005) Phys. Lett. A, 338, p. 373; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C105; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Hoeft, P.R., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology., 17, p. 2079; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Sbiaa, R., Tan, E.L., Aung, K.O., Wong, S.K., Srinivasan, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 828},
correspondence_address1={Ranjbar, M.; Data Storage Institute (A STAR), , 117608, Singapore, Singapore},
issn={00223727},
coden={JPAPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys D},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Noh2011,
author={Noh, J.-S. and Kim, H. and Chun, D.W. and Jeong, W.Y. and Lee, W.},
title={Hyperfine FePt patterned media for terabit data storage},
journal={Current Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={11},
number={4 SUPPL.},
pages={S33-S35},
doi={10.1016/j.cap.2011.07.006},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80455155107&doi=10.1016%2fj.cap.2011.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=8d0558a7d473df31b91b360e3a34810b},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-761, South Korea},
abstract={FePt patterned media were fabricated with varying pattern size, employing a deposition-last process and a CrV seed layer. The FePt patterns of sizes down to 30 nm showed a well-developed FCT structure characteristic of L10 phase. Due to the chemical and structural ordering, even 30 nm-sized FePt patterns exhibited a high ratio (3.4) of out-of-plane coercivity to in-plane coercivity and almost the same remanent magnetization as the saturation magnetization, indicating that a high perpendicular anisotropy is retained in the tiny patterns. The array of 30 nm patterns corresponds to a bit density of 1.8 Tbit/in2, demonstrating that terabit-density magnetic storage can be fabricated using the deposition-last process. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={CrV seed layer;  Deposition-last process;  FePt patterned media;  Magnetic storage;  Perpendicular anisotropy},
keywords={Bit density;  Data storage;  Deposition-last process;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  Hyperfines;  In-plane coercivity;  Out-of-plane coercivity;  Pattern size;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Remanent magnetization;  Seed layer;  Structural ordering;  Structure characteristic;  Terabit, Anisotropy;  Coercive force;  Magnetic disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nonvolatile storage;  Saturation magnetization, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Ministry of Knowledge EconomyMinistry of Knowledge Economy, MKE, 2010-0019313},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Science and Technology, MEST, 2010-50193},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2010-50193 ), a grant from the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, and the Pioneer Research Center Program ( 2010-0019313 ) through the National Research Foundation of Korea.},
references={Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. 157-R167; Richter, H.J., Longitudinal recording at 10 to 20 Gbit/inch2 and beyond (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (5 PART 1), pp. 2790-2795. , DOI 10.1109/20.800987; Acharya, B.R., Inomata, A., Abarra, E.N., Ajan, A., Hasegawa, D., Okamoto, I., Synthetic ferrimagnetic media for over 100 Gb/in2 longitudinal magnetic recording (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 260, pp. 261-272; Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., Zhou, T., Gou, C.K., Ong, C.L., Cheong, C.M., Wang, L., Perspectives of magnetic recording System at 10 Tb/in2 (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 5038-5043; Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. 149-R177; Ma, J.S., Koo, H.C., Eom, J., Chang, J., Han, S.H., Kim, C., Observation of perpendicular magnetization using CoFe/Pd multilayers (2007) Electron. Mater. Lett., 3, pp. 87-91; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Adeyeye, A.O., Singh, N., Large area patterned magnetic nanostructures (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, pp. 1530011-15300129; Choi, C., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Noh, K., Kim, J.Y., Chen, L., Liou, S.H., Jin, S., Enhanced magnetic properties of bit patterned magnetic recording media by trench-filled nanostructure (2010) Electron. Mater. Lett., 6, pp. 113-116; Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Folks, L., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Patterning magnetic films by ion beam irradiation (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 7004-7006; Hasegawa, T., Pei, W., Wang, T., Fu, Y., Washiya, T., Saito, H., Ishio, S., MFM analysis of the magnetization process in L10-A1 FePt patterned film fabricated by ion irradiation (2008) Acta Mater., 56, pp. 1564-1569; Hong, M.H., Hono, K., Watanabe, M., Microstructure of FePt/Pt magneticthin films films with high perpendicular coercivity (1998) Journal of Applied Physics, 84 (8), pp. 4403-4409; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287 (5460), pp. 1989-1992. , DOI 10.1126/science.287.5460.1989; Jung, C.S., Jang, P., Moon, K.S., Fabrication of FePt nanoparticle Langmuir-Blodgett films (2009) Electron. Mater. Lett., 5, pp. 91-94; Breitling, A., Goll, D., Hard magnetic L10 FePt thin films and nanopatterns (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 1449-1456; Hai, N.H., Dempsey, N.M., Veron, M., Verdier, M., Givord, D., An original route for the preparation of hard FePt (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 257, pp. 139-L145; Kim, H., Noh, J.S., Roh, J.W., Chun, D.W., Kim, S., Jung, S.H., Kang, H.K., Lee, W., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FePt patterned media employing a CrV seed layer (2011) Nanoscale Res. Lett., 6, pp. 131-136; Jaafar, M., Sanz, R., Vázquez, M., Asenjo, A., Jensen, J., Hjort, K., Flohrer, S., Schäfer, R., (2007) Phys. Stat. Sol.(a), 204, pp. 1724-1730; Labaye, Y., Crisan, O., Berger, L., Greneche, J.M., Coey, J.M.D., Surface anisotropy in ferromagnetic nanoparticles (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 8715-8717; Qiu, L.J., Ding, J., Adeyeye, A.O., Yin, J.H., Chen, J.S., Goolaup, S., Singh, N., FePt patterned media fabricated by deep UV lithography followed by sputtering or PLD (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2157-2159. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893135; Zhong, H., Tarrach, G., Wu, P., Drechsler, A., Wei, D., Yuan, J., High resolution magnetic force microscopy of patterned L1 0-FePt dot arrays by nanosphere lithography (2008) Nanotechnology, 19, pp. 0957031-0957035; Li, F., Kim, T.H., Koo, B.H., Lee, C.G., Shimozaki, T., Magnetic properties of Fe-Pt films electrodeposited by diffusion control (2008) Electron. Mater. Lett., 4, pp. 135-139},
correspondence_address1={Lee, W.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Seoul 120-749, South Korea; email: wooyoung@yonsei.ac.kr},
issn={15671739},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Curr. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wright2011900,
author={Wright, C.D. and Wang, L. and Shah, P. and Aziz, M.M. and Varesi, E. and Bez, R. and Moroni, M. and Cazzaniga, F.},
title={The design of rewritable ultrahigh density scanning-probe phase-change memories},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={10},
number={4},
pages={900-912},
doi={10.1109/TNANO.2010.2089638},
art_number={5608505},
note={cited By 52},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960280708&doi=10.1109%2fTNANO.2010.2089638&partnerID=40&md5=f6c268b513e693bb41d346fc170966c0},
affiliation={University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, United Kingdom; Numonyx, Agrate Brianza 2 20041, Italy},
abstract={A systematic design of practicable media suitable for rewritable, ultrahigh density (&gt;1Tbit/sq.in.), high data rate (&gt;1Mbit/s/tip) scanning-probe phase-change memories is presented. The basic design requirements were met by a Si/TiN/Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST)/diamond-like carbon structure, with properly tailored electrical and thermal conductivities. Various alternatives for providing rewritability were investigated. In the first case, amorphous marks were written into a crystalline starting phase and subsequently erased by recrystallization, as in other already established phase-change memory technologies. Results imply that this approach is also appropriate for probe-based memories. However, experimentally, the successful writing of amorphous bits using scanning electrical probes has not been widely reported. In light of this, a second approach has been studied, that of writing crystalline bits in an amorphous starting matrix, with subsequent erasure by reamorphization. With conventional phase-change materials, such as continuous films of GST, this approach invariably leads to the formation of a crystalline halo surrounding the erased (reamorphized) region, with severe adverse consequences on the achievable density. Suppression of the halo was achieved using patterned media or slow-growth phase-change media, with the latter seemingly more viable. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={GeSbTe;  phase-change materials;  phase-change memories;  phase-change RAM;  scanning-probe memories},
keywords={Carbon structures;  Continuous films;  Design requirements;  Electrical probes;  GeSbTe;  High data rate;  matrix;  Patterned medias;  Phase change media;  Phase changes;  Phase-change memory technologies;  Phase-change RAM;  Probe-based;  Rewritable;  scanning-probe memories;  Systematic designs;  Ultrahigh density, Crystalline materials;  Design;  Films;  Probes;  Random access storage;  Scanning, Phase change memory},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_details={Sixth Framework ProgrammeSixth Framework Programme, FP6, 2005-IST-5-34719},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received April 21, 2010; accepted October 9, 2010. Date of publication October 25, 2010; date of current version July 8, 2011. This work supported by the European Commission under the FP6 Project ‘ProTeM’ 2005-IST-5-34719. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor R. Lake.},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Vettiger, P., Cross, G., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., D̈urig, U., Gotsmann, B., Ḧaberle, W., Binnig, G.K., The Millipede: Nanotechnology entering data storage (2002) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol., 1 (1), pp. 39-55. , Mar; Pozidis, H., Ḧaberle, W., Wiesmann, D., Drechsler, U., Despont, M., Albrecht, T.R., Eleftheriou, E., Demonstration of thermomechanical recording at 641 Gbits/in2 (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2531-2536. , Jul; Tanaka, K., Kurihashi, Y., Uda, T., Daimon, Y., Odagawa, N., Hirose, R., Hiranaga, Y., Cho, Y., Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy nanoscience and technology for next generation high density ferroelectric storage (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (5), pp. 3311-3325; Kim, B.M., Adams, D.E., Tran, Q., Ma, Q., Rao, V., Scanning probe charge reading of ferroelectric domains (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, pp. 0631051-0631053; Son, J.Y., Park, C.S., Kim, S.-K., Shin, Y.-H., Writing ferroelectric domain bits on the PbZr0.48 Ti 0.52 O3 thin film (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, pp. 0641011-0641014; Daimon, Y., Cho, Y., Cross-sectional observation of nano-domain dots formed in congruent single-crystal LiTaO3 (2006) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2: Letters, 45 (46-50), pp. L1304-L1306. , http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/45/L1304/pdf, DOI 10.1143/JJAP.45.L1304; Gidon, S., Lemonnier, O., Rolland, B., Bichet, O., Dressler, C., Samson, Y., Electrical probe storage using Joule heating in phase change media (2004) Applied Physics Letters, 85 (26), pp. 6392-6394. , DOI 10.1063/1.1834718; Gotoh, T., Sugawara, K., Tanaka, K., Minimal phase-change marks produced in amorphous Ge2 Sb2 Te5 films (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43 (6 B), pp. L818-L821; Sugawara, K., Gotoh, T., Tanaka, K., Nanoscale phase change in telluride films induced with scanning tunneling microscopes (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43 (5 B), pp. L676-L679; Bichet, O., Wright, C.D., Samson, Y., Gidon, S., Local characterization and transformation of phase-change media by scanning thermal probes (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95 (5), pp. 2360-2364; Satoh, H., Sugawara, K., Tanaka, K., Nanoscale phase changes in crystalline Ge2 Sb2 Te5 films using scanning probe microscopes (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 0243061-0243067; David Wright, C., Armand, M., Aziz, M.M., Terabit-per-square-inch data storage using phase-change media and scanning electrical nanoprobes (2006) IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5 (1), pp. 50-61. , DOI 10.1109/TNANO.2005.861400; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., An analytical model for nanoscale electrothermal probe recording on phase-change media (2006) J. Appl. 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Phys, 91 (12), pp. 9794-9802; Cork, R.F., (2008) Chalcogenide Thin Films for Probe-based Data Storage, , Ph.D dissertation, Dept. Mat. Sci. Metallurgy, Univ. Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K; Wright, C.D., Armand, M., Aziz, M.M., Bhaskaran, H., Choo, B.C., Davies, C., Despont, M., Wuttig, M., Scanning probe-based phase-change terabyte memories (2008) Proc. Eur. Phase-Change Ovonics Symp. (EPCOS), pp. 146-153. , Prague; Endo, R., Maeda, S., Jinnai, Y., Kuwahara, M., Kobayashi, Y., Susa, M., Electric resistivities of liquid Sb2 Te3 and Ge2 Sb2 Te5 (2009) Proc. Eur. Phase-Change Ovon. Symp. (EPCOS), pp. 64-68. , Aachen Sep; Bhaskaran, H., Sebastian, A., Despont, M., Nanoscale PtSi tips for conducting probe technologies (2009) IEEE Trans. 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A Raman study of films with different sp3 fractions (ta-C to a-C) (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 74 (20), pp. 2936-2938; Ferrari, A.C., Kleinsorge, B., Morrison, N.A., Hart, A., Stolojan, V., Robertson, J., Stress reduction and bond stability during thermal annealing of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (1999) Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (10), pp. 7191-7197; Kim, D.-H., Merget, F., Forst, M., Kurz, H., Three-dimensional simulationmodel of switching dynamics in phase change random accessmemory cells (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 0645121-06451212; Li, Y., Yu, S.-M., Hwang, C.-H., Kuo, Y.-T., Temperature dependence on the contact size of GeSbTe films for phase change memories (2008) J. Comput. Electron., 7, pp. 138-141; Giraud, V., Cluzel, J., Sousa, V., Jacquot, A., Dauscher, A., Lenoir, B., Scherrer, H., Romer, S., Thermal characterization and analysis of phase change random accessmemory (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98, pp. 0135201-0135206; Peng, C., Cheng, L., Mansuripur, M., Experimental and theoretical investigations of laser-induced crystallization and amorphization in phase-change optical recording media (1997) Journal of Applied Physics, 82 (9), pp. 4183-4191; Terao, M., Morikawa, T., Ohta, T., Electrical phase-change memory: Fundamentals and state of the art (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48, pp. 0800011-08000114; Kim, H.J., Choi, S.K., Kang, S.H., Oh, K.H., Structural phase transitions of GeSbTe cells with TiN electrodes using a homemade W heater tip (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, pp. 0831031-0831033; Senkader, S., Wright, C.D., Models for phase-change of Ge2 Sb2 Te5 in optical and electrical memory devices (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95 (2), pp. 504-511; Fan, Z.H., Laughlin, D.E., Three dimensional crystallization simulation and recording layer thickness effect in phase change optical recording (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 800-803; Peng, X.L., Barber, Z.H., Clyne, T.W., Surface rough of diamond-like carbon films prepared using various techniques (2001) Surface and Coatings Technology, 138 (1), pp. 23-32. , DOI 10.1016/S0257-8972(00)01139-7, PII S0257897200011397; Lo, H., Bain, J.A., Effect of high current density at nanascale point contacts (2008) Int. Conf. Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transf., , presented at the Taiwan, China; Reifenberg, J.P., Panzer, M.A., Kim, S.-B., Gibby, A.M., Zhang, Y., Wong, S., Wong, H.-S.P., Goodson, K.E., Thickness and stoichiometry dependence of the thermal conductivity of GeSbTe films (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, pp. 1119041-1119043; Chen, I.-R., Pop, E., Compact thermal model for vertical nanowire phase-change memory cells (2009) IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., 56 (7), pp. 1523-1528. , Jul; Battaglia, J.-L., Kusiak, A., Schick, V., Cappella, A., Wiemer, C., Longo, M., Varesi, E., Thermal characterization of the SiO2-GeSbTe interface from room temperature up to 400C (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 0443141-0443146; Wang, D.-Y., Chang, C.-L., Ho, W.-Y., Oxidation behavior of diamondlike carbon films (1999) Surf. Coatings Technol., 120-121, pp. 138-144},
correspondence_address1={Wright, C.D.; University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, United Kingdom; email: david.wright@exeter.ac.uk},
issn={1536125X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moritz2011,
author={Moritz, J. and Arm, C. and Vinai, G. and Gautier, E. and Auffret, S. and Marty, A. and Bayle-Guillemaud, P. and Dieny, B.},
title={Two-bit-per-dot patterned media for magnetic storage},
journal={IEEE Magnetics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={2},
doi={10.1109/LMAG.2010.2098852},
art_number={5710454},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958738872&doi=10.1109%2fLMAG.2010.2098852&partnerID=40&md5=e20c264f44ee71c9ffc9bd03646faf31},
affiliation={SPINTEC, CEA/CNRS/UJF/Grenoble-INP, CEA/INAC, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; INAC/SP2M/LEMMA, CEA/Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; CEA-UJF, Nanostructure et Magnétisme, INAC, SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France},
abstract={Bit-patterned recording media are made of arrays of physically separated magnetic nanodots, each nanodot carrying one bit of information. We demonstrate that by stacking perpendicular-to-plane and in-plane magnetized thin films within each magnetic dot, it is possible to obtain a 2-bit-per-dot multilevel magnetic recording system without penalty to the readout signal-to-noise ratio. The stray field above the dots was measured and analyzed by electron holography for different magnetic configurations and compared with numerical simulations. The perpendicular-to-plane magnetized layer mainly influences the stray field above the center of the dots, whereas the in-plane magnetized layer determines the stray field above the gap between dots. The areal density of information can thus be doubled with this media by making an optimum use of the whole area of the medium. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={electron holography;  Information storage;  magnetic recording;  multilevel media;  patterned media},
keywords={Areal densities;  In-plane;  Magnetic configuration;  Magnetic dots;  Magnetic nanodots;  Magnetic recording systems;  multilevel media;  Nanodots;  Patterned medias;  Recording media;  Signal to noise;  Stray field, Electron holography;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal to noise ratio, Magnetic storage},
references={Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Terris, B.D., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-5. , DOI 10.1063/1.1904705, 103910; Baltz, V., Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Multilevel magnetic media in continuous and patterned films with out-of-plane magnetization (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 290-291 PART 2, pp. 1286-1289. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.449, PII S0304885304017263, Proceedings of the Joint European Magnetic Symposia - JEMS' 04; Baltz, V., Rodmacq, B., Bollero, A., Ferré, J., Landis, S., Dieny, B., Balancing interlayer dipolar interactions in multilevel patterned media with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052503. , doi:10.1063/1.3078523; Bromwich, T.J., Kohn, A., Petford-Long, A.K., Kasama, T., Dunin-Borkowski, R.E., Newcomb, S.B., Ross, C.A., Remanent magnetization states and interactions in square arrays of 100-nm cobalt dots measured using transmission electron microscopy (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 98 (5), pp. 1-8. , DOI 10.1063/1.2011780, 053909; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Hart, M.W., Magnetic and recording properties of Co/Pd islands on prepatterned substrates (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, pp. 7013-7015. , doi:10.1063/1.1669343; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferré, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, pp. 3843-9849. , doi:10.1063/1.1401803; Khizroev, S., Hijazi, Y., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Litvinov, D., Physics considerations in the design of three-dimensional and multilevel magnetic recording (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (6), p. 063907. , DOI 10.1063/1.2338129; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., Hetzler, S.R., Beyond discrete tracks: Other aspects of patterned media (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, pp. 4724-4726. , doi:10.1063/1.348260; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., Schabes, M., Schrefl, T., Fullerton, E., Lomakin, V., Microwave assisted magnetization reversal in composite media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 202509. , doi:10.1063/1.3133354; Masseboeuf, A., Marty, A., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Gatel, C., Snoeck, E., Quantitative observation of magnetic flux distribution in new magnetic films for future high density recording media (2009) Nano. Lett., 9, pp. 2803-2806. , doi:10.1021/nl900800q; McCartney, M.R., Smith, D.J., Electron holography: Phase imaging with nanometer resolution (2007) Annual Review of Materials Research, 37, pp. 729-767. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084219; McDaniel, T.W., Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording (2005) Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 17 (7), pp. R315-R332. , DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/7/R01; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., Writing and reading bits on prepatterned media (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, pp. 1519-1521. , doi:10.1063/1.1644341; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 321, pp. 485-494. , doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.007; Rhodes, P., Rowlands, G., Demagnetizing energies of uniformly magnetized rectangular blocks (1954) Proc. Leeds Philosoph. Literature Soc., 6, pp. 191-210; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.-M., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421. , doi:10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Snoeck, E., Dunin-Borkowski, R.E., Dumestre, F., Renaud, P., Amiens, C., Chaudret, B., Zucher, P., Quantitative magnetization measurements on nanometer ferromagnetic cobalt wires using electron holography (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, pp. 88-90. , doi:10.1063/1.1532754; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 321, pp. 512-517. , doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046},
correspondence_address1={Moritz, J.; SPINTEC, , 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; email: jerome.moritz@cea.fr},
issn={1949307X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Magn. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{McCallum2011,
author={McCallum, A.T. and Krone, P. and Springer, F. and Brombacher, C. and Albrecht, M. and Dobisz, E. and Grobis, M. and Weller, D. and Hellwig, O.},
title={L10 FePt based exchange coupled composite bit patterned films},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={98},
number={24},
doi={10.1063/1.3599573},
art_number={242503},
note={cited By 52},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960613842&doi=10.1063%2f1.3599573&partnerID=40&md5=c0b6e80ba248ce452637cb3203e4bed4},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany},
abstract={We demonstrate a 2.5-fold coercivity reduction in FePt based exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (ECC-BPM) by coupling a lower anisotropy Co/Pd-Co/Ni-multilayer system to the top of a high anisotropy FePt L 10 film. Furthermore the tight switching field distribution (SFD) of the lower anisotropy system reduces the SFD of the ECC-BPM composite system compared to a single layer FePt film. The relative amount of switching field and SFD reduction in these ECC-BPM arrays agree with corresponding micromagnetic simulations. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy systems;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  FePt films;  High anisotropy;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned films;  Single layer;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Anisotropy;  Coercive force, Nanocomposite films},
references={Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501. , 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.3481668; Hauet, T., Florez, S., Margulies, D., Ikeda, Y., Lengsfield, B., Supper, N., Takano, K., Terris, B.D., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 222507. , 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.3270535; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Kim, C., Loedding, T., Jang, S., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Sui, Y., Sellmyer, D.J., FePt nanodot arrays with perpendicular easy axis, large coercivity, and extremely high density (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (17), p. 172508. , DOI 10.1063/1.2802038; Shimatsu, T., Inaba, Y., Kataoka, H., Sayama, J., Aoi, H., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B725. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.3556697; Alexandrakis, V., Speliotis, Th., Manios, E., Niarchos, D., Fidler, J., Lee, J., Varvaro, G., (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B729. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.3556773; Hamrle, J., Ferŕ, J., Nvlt, M., Višnvsk, Š., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 224423. , 0556-2805, 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224423; Chen, J.S., Xu, Y., Wang, J.P., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 1661. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.1531817; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10. , 0018-9464, 10.1109/20.824418; Kurth, F., Weisheit, M., Leistner, K., Gemming, T., Holzapfel, B., Schultz, L., Fähler, S., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 82, p. 184404. , 0556-2805, 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184404; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.3271679; We see some evidence of laterally inhomogeneous reversal in magnetic force microscopy and static read/write tester images that show domains in a few unsaturated pillars; Note that the FePt single layer 180 nm pillars in Fig. are not fully saturated, so the reduction factor compared to ECC-BPM structure could be even larger than 4; The SFD is defined here to be the difference in field between when 10% and 90% of the pillars have reversed; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; The high magnetic anisotropy of FePt requires small finite elements (1-2 nm), making the number of elements necessary to fill an 180 nm pillar over 2 000 000, which overburdens our current computational power; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., Suna, A., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, p. 178. , 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.96254},
correspondence_address1={McCallum, A.T.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Akahane2011,
author={Akahane, T. and Huda, M. and Tamura, T. and Yin, Y. and Hosaka, S.},
title={Orientation-controlled and long-range-ordered self-assembled nanodot array for ultrahigh-density bit-patterned media},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={50},
number={6 PART 2},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.50.06GG04},
art_number={06GG04},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959404137&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.50.06GG04&partnerID=40&md5=a751fb73334bef3fdeb07d0c9ba785e1},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={In this study, we investigated the control of the orientation and ordering of self-assembled nanodots from a block copolymer (BCP) with the help of a guide pattern created by electron beam (EB) drawing. The guide pattern consisted of a post lattice and guide lines. The former is used to enable self-assembled nanodots from the BCP to be regularly arranged, while the latter is used to control the orientation of the nanodot arrays. It was demonstrated that the combined guide pattern was effective for controlling the BCP dot array to achieve long-range ordering and controlled orientation. © 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Controlled orientation;  Dot array;  Long-range ordering;  Nano-dot arrays;  Self-assembled;  Self-assembled nanodots;  Ultrahigh density, Block copolymers;  Electron beams, Nanostructured materials},
references={Rittner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 1649; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131; Hosaka, S., Zulfakri, B.M., Shirai, M., Sano, H., Yin, Y., Miyachi, A., Sone, H., (2008) Appl. Phys. Express, 1, p. 027003; Ishida, M., Fujita, J., Ogawa, T., Ochiai, Y., Ohshima, E., Momoda, J., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, p. 3913; Fujita, J., Ohnishi, Y., Ochiai, Y., Matsui, S., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, p. 1297; Chang, T.H.P., (1975) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 12, p. 1271; Bita, I., Yang, K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 939; Ross, C.A., Jung, Y.S., Chuang, V.P., Ilievski, F., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 26, p. 2489; Akahane, T., Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2010) Key Eng. Mater., 459, p. 124; Huda, M., Yin, Y., Hosaka, S., (2010) Key Eng. Mater., 459, p. 120; Kamata, Y., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Asakawa, K., Kikisu, A., Naito, K., (2003) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 27, p. 191; Kamata, Y., Kikisu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6705; Kihara, N., Hieda, H., Naito, K., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692126},
correspondence_address1={Akahane, T.; Graduate School of Engineering, , Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2011805,
author={Li, L. and Bogy, D.B.},
title={Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially planarized bit patterned media in hard disk drives},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2011},
volume={17},
number={5-7},
pages={805-812},
doi={10.1007/s00542-010-1191-9},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958845005&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-010-1191-9&partnerID=40&md5=cdca7eab30dbfa9b753a71ba31f280c5},
affiliation={Computer Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) recording is one of the promising techniques for future disk drives in order to increase the areal density above 1 Tbit/in 2. However, the BPM can change the topography of the disk surface and thus have an effect on the flying characteristics of the air bearing sliders. So achieving a stable flying attitude at the hard disk interface (HDI) becomes one of the main considerations for BPM. In this paper, we apply three methods (complete homogenization, Taylor expansion homogenization and averaging) to solve this BPM problem and finally choose the Taylor expansion homogenization method to investigate the slider's flying attitude on partially planarized patterned media as well as at transitions over different pattern types such as might occur at boundaries between data and servo sections. © 2011 The Author(s).},
keywords={Air bearing sliders;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Disk drive;  Disk surfaces;  Flying attitude;  Hard Disk Drive;  Hard disk interface;  Patterned medias;  Taylor expansions, Bearings (structural);  Homogenization method;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nonvolatile storage;  Surface topography, Hard disk storage},
references={Brandic, Z.Z., Dobisz, E.A., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T.R., Patterned magnetic media: Impact of nanoscale-patterning on hard disk drives (2006) Solid State Technol, 49, pp. S7-S19; Buscaglia, G., Jai, M., Sensitivity analysis and Taylor expansions in numerical homogenization problems (2000) Numer Math, 85, pp. 49-75. , 1751365 0968.76071 10.1007/s002110050477; Buscaglia, G., Ciuperca, I., Jai, M., Homogenization of the transient Reynolds equation (2002) Asymptot Anal, 32 (2), pp. 131-152. , 1952923 1028.35016; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized boltzmann equation: first report - Derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) Journal of Tribology, 110 (2), pp. 253-262; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Database for interpolation of Poiseuille flow rates for high Knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) Journal of Tribology, 112 (1), pp. 78-83; Gupta, V., (2007) Air Bearing Slider Dynamics and Stability in Hard Disk Drives, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley; Information Storage Industry Consortium, EHDR Program, , http://www.insic.org/programs_EHDR.html, December2009; Jai, M., Homogenization and 2-scale convergence of the compressible Reynolds lubrication equation modeling the flying characteristics of a rough magnetic head over a rough rigid-disk surface (1995) Math Model Numer Anal, 29 (2), pp. 199-233. , 1332481 0822.76078; Jai, M., Bou-Said, B., A comparison of homogenization and averaging techniques for the treatment of roughness in slip-flow-modified Reynolds equation (2002) Journal of Tribology, 124 (2), pp. 327-335. , DOI 10.1115/1.1402131; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44, pp. 3656-3662. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002613; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol Lett, 33, pp. 199-204. , 10.1007/s11249-009-9409-7; Mitsuya Yasunaga, Simulation method for hydrodynamic lubrication of surfaces with two-dimensional isotropic or anisotropic roughness using mixed average film thickness (1984) Bulletin of the JSME, 27 (231), pp. 2036-2044; Mitsuya, Y., Koumura, T., Transient-response solution applying ADI scheme to Boltzmann flow-modified Reynolds-equation averaged with respect to surface-roughness (1995) ASME J Tribol, 117 (3), pp. 430-436. , 10.1115/1.2831271; Murthy, A., Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned media (2010) Tribol Lett, 38, pp. 47-55. , 10.1007/s11249-009-9570-z},
correspondence_address1={Li, L.; Computer Mechanics Laboratory, , Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; email: llping@berkeley.edu},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Boettcher2011997,
author={Boettcher, U. and Lacey, C.A. and Li, H. and Amemiya, K. and De Callafon, R.A. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Analytical read back signal modeling in magnetic recording},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2011},
volume={17},
number={5-7},
pages={997-1002},
doi={10.1007/s00542-011-1245-7},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958786323&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-011-1245-7&partnerID=40&md5=ebd6a765409e38253eaaae1a6ebd5aa8},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0401, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Microphysics Inc., 4620 Fortran Dr., San Jose, CA 95134, United States; Storage Mechanics Laboratory, Hitachi Asia Ltd., Singapore 049318, Singapore},
abstract={An analytical model for the read back signal is derived for perpendicular and longitudinal magnetic recording. The model captures the contribution of a single bit rather than the contribution of a bit transition which makes it applicable to patterned media as well as continuous media. It is based on the law of Biot-Savart and separates the contribution of the magnetic media from the head sensitivity function. © 2011 The Author(s).},
keywords={Analytical model;  Continuous media;  Longitudinal magnetic recordings;  Magnetic media;  Patterned medias;  Sensitivity functions;  Signal modeling;  Single-bit, Magnetic devices;  Mathematical models, Magnetic recording},
references={Bertram, N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, p. 40. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Boettcher, U., Lacey, C.A., Li, H., Amemiya, K., De Callafon, R.A., Talke, F.E., Servo signal processing for flying height control in hard disk drives (2011) Microsyst Technol, , doi: 10.1007/s00542-010-1193-7; Chai, K.S., Liu, Z.J., Li, J.T., Long, H.H., 3D analysis of medium field with consideration of perpendicular head-medium combinations (2006) Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, pp. 1-2. , 29 Nov 2006 to 1 Dec 2006; Hughes Gordon, F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (5 PART 1), pp. 2310-2312. , DOI 10.1109/20.800809; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Kluwer, Dordrecht; Mallinson, J.C., Bertram, H.N., On the characteristics of pole-keeper head fields (1984) IEEE Trans Magn MAG-20-5, pp. 721-723; Radhakrishnan, R., Erden, M.F., Ching, H., Vasic, B., Transition response characteristics of heat-assisted magnetic recording and their performance with MTR codes (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2298-2300. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892334; Richter, H.J., Recent advances in the recording physics of thin-film media (1999) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 32 (21), pp. R147-R168. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/32/21/201; Roscamp, T.A., Boerner, E.D., Parker, G.J., Three-dimensional modeling of perpendicular reading with a soft underlayer (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (III10), p. 8366. , DOI 10.1063/1.1452281; Shute, H.A., Wilton, D.T., Dmca, M., Jermey, P.M., Mallinson, J.C., Analytic three-dimensional response function of a double-shielded magnetoresistive or giant magnetoresistive perpendicular head (2006) IEEE Trans Magn, 42 (5), pp. 1611-1619. , 10.1109/TMAG.2005.861829; Smith Neil, Reciprocity principles for magnetoresistive heads (1993) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 29 (5), pp. 2279-2285. , DOI 10.1109/20.231633; Spaldin, N.A., (2003) Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Device Applications, p. 8. , Cambridge University Press; Suzuki, Y., Nishida, Y., Calculation method of GMR head response for double layered perpendicular medium (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (I4), pp. 1337-1339. , DOI 10.1109/20.950834, PII S0018946401030175; Suzuki, Y., Nishida, Y., Exact calculation method for medium field from a perpendicular medium (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2633-2635. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.815534; Suzuki, Y., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Fast calculation of read field from perpendicular recording medium using head characteristic matrix (2006) IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2006 (INTERMAG 2006), p. 798; Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Design of multisurface single pole head for high-density recording (2003) J Appl Phys, 93 (10), pp. 6546-6548. , 10.1063/1.1561793; Valcu, B., Neal Bertram, H., 3-D analysis of the playback signal in perpendicular recording for an off-centered GMR element (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (I5), pp. 2081-2083. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.801838; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 670-675. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049; Wilton, D.T., Dmca, M., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate three-dimensional head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans Magn, 40 (1), pp. 148-156. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821132; Wood, R.W., Wilton, D.T., Readback responses in three dimensions for multilayered recording media configurations (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44 (7), pp. 1874-1890. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.920525; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans Magn, 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273. , 10.1109/20.297764; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Erratum: Correction to "off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads" (1996) IEEE Trans Magn, 32 (4), p. 3334. , 10.1109/TMAG.1996.508399},
correspondence_address1={Boettcher, U.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0401, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: uwe@ucsd.edu},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ootera2011,
author={Ootera, Y. and Yuzawa, A. and Shimada, T. and Yamamoto, R. and Kamata, Y. and Kihara, N. and Kikitsu, A.},
title={Nanoimprint process for 2.5Tb/in2 bit patterned media fabricated by self-assembling method},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2011},
volume={7970},
doi={10.1117/12.878936},
art_number={79700K},
note={cited By 5; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies III ; Conference Date: 1 March 2011 Through 3 March 2011;  Conference Code:84758},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955886579&doi=10.1117%2f12.878936&partnerID=40&md5=68009cbec0fb42fbe269fa4cadea3769},
affiliation={Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising candidate for high-density magnetic recording media beyond 2.5 Tb/in2. To realize such a high-density BPM, directed self-assembling (DSA) technology is a possible solution. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of low-cost production, nanoimprint lithography is a promising process for the mass-production of such a high-density BPM. We examine the replication of the BPM etching mask by UV nanoimprint process. At first, the BPM silicon master mold consisting of servo pattern with dot array is made by the DSA method using PS-PDMS. For the 30-nm pitch corresponding to the density of 2.5 Tb/in2, the nickel stamper is replicated from the silicon master mold by electroplating. The etching mask is transcribed by the UV nanoimprint process with the transparent mold replicated from the nickel mother stamper. On the other hand, as for the DSA-BPM pattern of 17-nm pitch corresponding to the density of 2.5 Tb/in2, we adopt an alternative process and confirm the replication possibility. © 2011 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Diblock copolymer;  HDD;  Nanoimprint;  Photopolymer;  Self-assembled polymer},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Diblock copolymer;  HDD;  Nano-imprint;  Self-assembled, Block copolymers;  Etching;  Molds, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veedonk, R.J.M.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Mag., 42, p. 2255; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Mag., 38, p. 1949; Cheng, J.Y., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 2505; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 5891; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Kihara, N., Morita, S., Kimura, K., Izumi, H., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7748, p. 774809; Hughes, E.C., Messner, W.C., (2003) JAP, 93, p. 7002; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., (2000) JAP, 87, p. 5117; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Mag., 27, p. 4975; Kihara, N., Hieda, H., Naito, K., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692126; Yoneda, I., Mikami, S., Ota, T., Koshiba, T., Ito, M., Nakasugi, T., Higashiki, T., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 692104},
correspondence_address1={Ootera, Y.; Corporate R and D Center, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, 212-8582, Japan; email: yasuaki.ootera@toshiba.co.jp},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819485298},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ye2011,
author={Ye, Z. and Ramos, R. and Brooks, C. and Simpson, L. and Fretwell, J. and Carden, S. and Hellebrekers, P. and LaBrake, D. and Resnick, D.J. and Sreenivasan, S.V.},
title={High density patterned media fabrication using Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2011},
volume={7970},
doi={10.1117/12.879932},
art_number={79700L},
note={cited By 9; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies III ; Conference Date: 1 March 2011 Through 3 March 2011;  Conference Code:84758},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955879671&doi=10.1117%2f12.879932&partnerID=40&md5=aa215878bed9545acf6a906947dfeb6d},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={The Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FIL®) process uses drop dispensing of UV curable resists for high resolution patterning. Several applications, including patterned media, are better, and more economically served by a full substrate patterning process since the alignment requirements are minimal. Patterned media is particularly challenging because of the aggressive feature sizes necessary to achieve storage densities required for manufacturing beyond the current technology of perpendicular recording. In this paper, the key process steps for the application of J-FIL to pattern media fabrication are reviewed with special attention to substrate cleaning, vapor adhesion of the adhesion layer and imprint performance at &gt;300 disk per hour. Also discussed are recent results for imprinting discrete track patterns at half pitches of 24nm and bit patterned media patterns at densities of 1 Tb/in2. © 2011 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Adhesion promoter;  Bit pattern media;  Discrete track recording;  Imprint lithography;  J-FIL;  Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography;  Template},
keywords={Adhesion promoter;  Bit pattern media;  Discrete track recording;  Imprint lithography;  J-FIL;  Template, Adhesion;  Manufacture;  Substrates, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Poulsen, V., (1899), U.S. Patent No. 822,222 (8 July); Chen, B.M., Lee, T.H., Peng, K., Venkataramanan, V., (2007) Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems, , 2nd ed. Springer, NY; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1976-1978; Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proc. SPIE, Emerging Lithographic Technologies, 3, p. 379; Colburn, M., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Ekerdt, J.G., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2001) Solid State Technology, 67. , June; Bailey, T.C., Resnick, D.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Dauksher, W.J., Ainley, E., Talin, A., Willson, C.G., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 461-467; Sasaki, R.S., Hiraka, T., Mizuochi, J., Fujii, A., Sakai, Y., Sutou, T., Yusa, S., Hayashi, N., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7122, pp. 71223P; Luo, K., Ha, S., Fretwell, J., Ramos, R., Ye, Z., Schmid, G., LaBrake, D., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7748, pp. 77480A; Schmid, G.M., Brooks, C., Ye, Z., Johnson, S., LaBrake, D., Sreenivasan, S.V., Resnick, D.J., (2009) Proc. SPIE, 7488, pp. 748-820; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealy, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936},
correspondence_address1={Ye, Z.; Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
sponsors={The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819485298},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone2011,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Schrefl, T. and Albrecht, M.},
title={Correlation of magnetic anisotropy distributions in layered exchange coupled composite bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.3583653},
art_number={103901},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958841009&doi=10.1063%2f1.3583653&partnerID=40&md5=1cd1f7a4e097913ce76c28a6a29be943},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; St. Plten University of Applied Sciences, A-3100 St. Plten, Austria; Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany},
abstract={A micromagnetic study of the magnetization reversal in bit patterned media (BPM) with each bit consisting of an exchange coupled composite stack with two strongly exchange coupled layers is presented. In this investigation, the influence of correlation between the values of the distributions of the magnetic anisotropy values of the individual layers on the magnetization reversal behavior of the individual layers in the stack is examined. It is shown that a partial correlation can narrow the switching field distribution of the bit array while the switching field remains unaffected, which is vital for the applicability of the BPM concept in magnetic data storage. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy distribution;  Bit-patterned media;  Composite stacks;  Exchange coupled;  Micromagnetic study;  Partial correlation;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic devices;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanocomposite films;  Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the European Commission via the FP7 project TERAMAGSTOR (Grant No. 224001).},
references={Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Farrow, R.F.C., Weller, D., Marks, R.F., Toney, M.F., Cebollada, A., Harp, G.R., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 5967. , 10.1063/1.362122; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Hong, Z., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 40, p. 319. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821163; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 87 (1), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1951053, 012504; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.06.041; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 89 (11), p. 113105. , DOI 10.1063/1.2347894; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , 10.1063/1.3276911; Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2009) Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters., 3, p. 130. , 10.1002/pssr.200903074; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauer, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (15), p. 2875. , DOI 10.1063/1.1512946; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 308 (2), pp. 183-197. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.05.021, PII S0304885306008717; Makarov, D., Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Schubert, C., Fuger, M., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 062501. , 10.1063/1.3309417; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501. , 10.1063/1.3481668},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; email: philipp.krone@physik.tu-chemnitz.de},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Rotarescu20112177,
author={Rotarescu, C. and Petrila, I. and Stancu, A.},
title={Cluster analysis of an IsingPreisach interacting particle system},
journal={Physica B: Condensed Matter},
year={2011},
volume={406},
number={11},
pages={2177-2181},
doi={10.1016/j.physb.2011.03.026},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955007837&doi=10.1016%2fj.physb.2011.03.026&partnerID=40&md5=9172a250c6a2b0953751a927d9b9b92a},
affiliation={Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Department of Physics and CARPATH, Blvd. Carol I, nr. 11, Iasi 700506, Romania},
abstract={The paper deals with the analysis of clusters size in diverse magnetization states of a system of ferromagnetic particles organized in a perfect 2D array with all the anisotropy axes perpendicular to the plane (perpendicular medium) following the evolution of the clusters in correlation with various parameters like applied field or interaction strength. We present numerical simulations for a two-level Ising-type model each magnetic entity being characterized by a StonerWohlfarth nonlinear energy barrier and a rectangular hysteresis loop (IsingPreisach hysteron). In the simulations we took into account, the long-range inter-particle magnetostatic interactions in an attempt to mimic as accurately as possible with a still simple model, materials like Bit-Patterned media that are now considered as good candidates for the magnetic memories of the future. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Dipolar interactions;  Ising model;  Magnetic relaxation;  Preisach model},
keywords={2D arrays;  Applied field;  Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar interaction;  Ferromagnetic particles;  Interacting particle system;  Interaction strength;  Ising-type models;  Magnetic memories;  Magnetization state;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Numerical simulation;  Perpendicular medium;  Preisach model;  Rectangular hysteresis loop;  Stoner-Wohlfarth, Cluster analysis;  Hysteresis;  Ising model;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic relaxation;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetostatics;  Particle size analysis, Computer simulation},
funding_text 1={The authors acknowledge the financial support received from IDEI FASTSWITCH 1994-CNCSIS Romania Grant .},
references={Della Torre, E., Bennett, L.H., Korman, C.E., (2008) Physica B, 403, p. 271; Rizzi, L.G., Alves, N.A., (2010) Physica B, 405, p. 1571; Ising, E., (1925) Z. F. Phys., 31, p. 253; Preisach, F., (1935) Z. Phys., 94, p. 277; Enomoto, M., (2009) Physica B, 404, p. 642; Bertotti, G., (1998) Hysteresis in Magnetism, , Academic Press; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 240, p. 599; Enachescu, C., Dobrinescu, A., Stancu, A., (2010) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, p. 1368; Hovorka, O., Friedman, G., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290-291, p. 449; Swendsen, R.H., Wang, J.S., (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, p. 86; Wolff, U., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 60, p. 1461; Tomita, Y., Okabe, Y., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 4; Kasteleyn, P.W., Fortuin, C.M., (1969) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., p. 11; Swendsen, R.H., Wang, R.S., Ferrenberg, A.M., (1992) The Monte Carlo Method in Condensed Matter Physics, , Springer; Janke, W., Katoot, M., Villanova, R., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, p. 9644; Aktas, S., Gazioglu, O., (2010) Physica B, 405, p. 678; Jiang, L., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Feng, Q., Huang, Z., (2010) Physica B, 405, p. 420; Mitchler, P., Roshko, R., Dahlberg, E., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 4; Néel, L., (1950) J. Phys. Radium, 11, p. 49; Cullity, B.D., Graham, C.D., (2009) Introduction to Magnetic Materials, , John Wiley & Sons; Tanasa, R., Enachescu, C., Stancu, A., Linares, J., Varret, F., (2004) Physica B, 343, p. 314; Blundell, S.J., (2009) Physica B, 404, p. 581; Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A.W., Rosenbluth, M.N., Teller, A.H., (1953) J. Chem. Phys., 21, p. 1087; Binder, K., Heermann, D.W., (1997) MonteCarlo Simulation in Statistical Physics, , Springer-Verlag; Chantrell, R., Lyberatos, A., El-Hillo, M., Ogrady, K., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6407; Wang, J.S., Swendsen, R.H., (1990) Physica A, 167, p. 565; Wolff, U., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, p. 361},
correspondence_address1={Stancu, A.; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I, nr. 11, Iasi 700506, Romania; email: alstancu@uaic.ro},
issn={09214526},
coden={PHYBE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys B Condens Matter},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guo2011,
author={Guo, V.W. and Lee, H.-S. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Influences of film microstructure and defects on magnetization reversal in bit patterned Co/Pt multilayer thin film media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={9},
doi={10.1063/1.3558986},
art_number={093908},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959528295&doi=10.1063%2f1.3558986&partnerID=40&md5=2113a758b002671c51bcab8b4e3721ca},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Advanced Materials Device Lab, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do 443-743, South Korea},
abstract={Quasisingle crystalline and polycrystalline Co/Pt multilayered films were prepared via sputtering technique. The polycrystalline Co/Pt multilayers exhibited an appreciable number of planar defects such as twin boundaries and stacking faults whereas few defects were present for the quasisingle crystalline films. The polycrystalline films had smoother surface, and as patterned into arrays of small islands, a smaller critical size for single domain was unexpectedly observed. The corresponding magnetic domain images revealed that nucleation interestingly occurred at any locations of a patterned element, which was attributed to the observed defects. Moreover, micromagnetic modeling was utilized to further quantitatively study influences of an anisotropically soft region (which can represent existing defects) in the patterned element on nucleation field in terms of exchange coupling strength. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Co/Pt multilayer;  Co/Pt multilayer thin film;  Critical size;  Crystalline films;  Exchange coupling strength;  Film microstructures;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Multi-layered films;  Nucleation field;  Patterned elements;  Planar defect;  Polycrystalline;  Polycrystalline film;  Single domains;  Small island;  Sputtering techniques;  Twin boundaries, Crystalline materials;  Defects;  Film preparation;  Magnetic domains;  Multilayer films;  Multilayers;  Nucleation;  Stacking faults, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={Carnegie Mellon UniversityCarnegie Mellon University, CMU},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Data Storage Systems Center of Carnegie Mellon University. The authors would like to thank Drs. Yueling Qin and Anup Roy for their help on the TEM work.},
references={Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.-S., Albrecht, T., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1836. , 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007600; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 240, p. 599. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., (2004) IEEE Tran. Magn., 40, p. 2516. , 10.1109/TMAG.2004.830165; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., (2009) IEEE Tran. Magn., 45, p. 3531. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022407; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 101 (2), p. 023909. , DOI 10.1063/1.2431399; Sbiaa, R., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 023906. , 10.1063/1.3173546; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 10.1063/1.2822439; Guo, V.W., Lee, H.-S., Luo, Y., Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., (2009) IEEE Tran. Magn., 45, p. 2686. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2018640; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., Che, X., Tang, Y., Lee, H.J., Zhang, S., Moon, K.-S., Takahashi, N., Fabrication of flyable perpendicular discrete track media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2127-2129. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893706; Rozatian, A.S.H., Fulthorpe, B.D., Hase, T.P.A., Read, D.E., Ashcroft, G., Joyce, D.E., Grundy, P.J., Tanner, B.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 365. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00891-0; Zhu, J.-G., (1989), Ph.D. thesis (University of California); Kittel, C., (1949) Rev. Mod. Phys., 21, p. 541. , 10.1103/RevModPhys.21.541; Chappert, C., Bruno, P., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 64, p. 5736. , 10.1063/1.342243; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7525. , 10.1063/1.1363602},
correspondence_address1={Guo, V. W.; Data Storage Systems Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: vickie.guo@gmail.com},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moritz2011,
author={Moritz, J. and Vinai, G. and Auffret, S. and Dieny, B.},
title={Two-bit-per-dot patterned media combining in-plane and perpendicular-to- plane magnetized thin films},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={8},
doi={10.1063/1.3572259},
art_number={083902},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955732818&doi=10.1063%2f1.3572259&partnerID=40&md5=8a3e24fb456f1c952fe027b0180e4401},
affiliation={SPINTEC, UMR CEA/CNRS/UJF/G-INP, CEA/INAC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France},
abstract={We demonstrate the possibility of doubling the areal density of information in magnetic patterned media by stacking decoupled in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane magnetized layers. Each dot can be set in four magnetostatically equivalent configurations, yielding a storage capability of two-bits per dot. Magnetic force microscopy analyses show that the magnetic signal from the out-of-plane magnetized layer is dominant right above the dots, whereas, the signal from the in-plane magnetized layers is largest above the spacing between dots. This results in an optimal use of the storage space and in an increase of the areal density with weak loss in readout signal-to-noise ratio. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal densities;  In-plane;  Magnetic signals;  Out-of-plane;  Patterned medias;  Readout signals;  Storage capability;  Storage spaces, Magnetic force microscopy;  Signal to noise ratio, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Rottmayer, R.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 25; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertam, H.N., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07B909. , 10.1063/1.3076140; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozires, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., Landis, S., Magnetization dynamics and thermal stability in patterned media (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86 (6), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1861973, 063512; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Writing and reading perpendicular magnetic recording media patterned by a focused ion beam (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (7), pp. 990-992. , DOI 10.1063/1.1347390; Khizroev, S., Hijazi, Y., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Litvinov, D., Physics considerations in the design of three-dimensional and multilevel magnetic recording (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (6), p. 063907. , DOI 10.1063/1.2338129; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Terris, B.D., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-5. , DOI 10.1063/1.1904705, 103910; Baltz, V., Rodmacq, B., Bollero, A., Ferré, J., Landis, S., Dieny, B., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052503. , 10.1063/1.3078523; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 2473. , 10.1063/1.125052; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozires, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519. , 10.1063/1.1644341; Rhodes, P., Rowlands, G., (1954) Proc. Leeds. Philos. Lit. Soc., Sci. Sect., 6, p. 191; Garcia, J.M., Thiaville, A., Miltat, J., Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N., Alouges, F., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 656. , 10.1063/1.1389512; Khizroev, S.K., Jayasekara, W., Bain, J.A., Jones, R.E., Kryder, M.H., (1998) IEEE Trans. Mag., 34, p. 2030. , 10.1109/20.706782},
correspondence_address1={Moritz, J.; SPINTEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; email: jerome.moritz@cea.fr},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wu2011,
author={Wu, L.},
title={Lubricant distribution and its effect on slider air bearing performance over bit patterned media disk of disk drives},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3573597},
art_number={074511},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955461092&doi=10.1063%2f1.3573597&partnerID=40&md5=2d284cf5f9b9e42d895852d9170ddd7c},
affiliation={Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China},
abstract={The distribution dynamics of a thin lubricant film on a bit-patterned media disk and its effect on the performance of the ultralow flying air bearing slider of disk drives are studied by direct numerical simulations. Our analysis shows that the physics governing lubricant distribution dynamics changes when deep enough sub-100-nm nanostructures are patterned on the disk surface. Air shearing under the slider that dominates lubricant flow on a flat disk may become negligible on a bit-patterned media disk. Surface tension and disjoining pressure become dominant factors instead. Our results show that disks with nanoscale patterns/roughness may no longer be treated as flat, and the air bearing load may strongly depend not only on the geometric detail of disk patterns but also on how lubricants are distributed on the patterns when slider-disk clearance is reduced to sub-10-nm. Air bearing load and consequently the slider's flying attitude are affected by disk pattern geometry, average lubricant thickness, and material properties of lubricant such as the surface tension coefficient and Hamaker constant. The significantly expanded parameter space, upon which ultralow flying slider's dynamics depends, has to be seriously considered in evaluating the head/disk interface tribology performance of next generation patterned media magnetic recording systems. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Air bearing;  Air bearing sliders;  Bit-patterned media;  Disjoining pressures;  Disk drive;  Disk surfaces;  Dominant factor;  Flat disk;  Flying attitude;  Flying slider;  Geometric details;  Hamaker constants;  Head/disk interfaces;  Lubricant distribution;  Lubricant flow;  Magnetic recording systems;  Material property;  Nano scale;  Parameter spaces;  Pattern geometry;  Patterned medias;  Slider air bearings;  Surface tension coefficient;  Thin lubricant films;  Tribology performance, Hard disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Surface properties;  Surface tension, Lubricants},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , 10.1109/20.560142; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , DOI 10.1109/20.825831; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Dai, Q., Hendriks, F., Marchon, B., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, p. 696. , 10.1063/1.1739527; Wu, L., Lubricant dynamics under sliding condition in disk drives (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (2), p. 024505. , DOI 10.1063/1.2220489; Ma, X., Tang, H., Stirniman, M., Gui, J., Lubricant thickness modulation induced by head-disk dynamic interactions (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (1), pp. 112-117. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.988921, PII S0018946402012785; Deoras, S.K., Talke, F.K., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2471. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816441; Li, W.-L., Lee, S.-C., Chen, C.-W., Tsai, F.-R., Chen, M.-D., Chien, W.-T., The flying height analysis of patterned sliders in magnetic hard disk drives (2005) Microsystem Technologies, 11 (1), pp. 23-31. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-004-0462-8; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2489. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878617; Scarpulla, A., Mate, C.M., Carter, M.D., (2003) J. Chem. Phys., 94, p. 3368. , 10.1063/1.1536953; Wu, L., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08N101. , 10.1063/1.2159407; Oron, A., Davis, S.H., Bankoff, S.G., Long-scale evolution of thin liquid films (1997) Reviews of Modern Physics, 69 (3), pp. 931-980. , DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.69.931; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., (1988) ASME J. Tribology, 110, p. 335. , 10.1115/1.3261624; Wu, L., (2001) Physical Modeling and Numerical Simulations of the Slider Air Bearing Problem of Hard Hisk Drives, , Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley},
correspondence_address1={Wu, L.; Department of Modern Mechanics, , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; email: linwu@ustc.edu.cn},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sharma2011,
author={Sharma, P. and Kaushik, N. and Makino, A. and Esashi, M. and Inoue, A.},
title={L10 FePt(111)/glassy CoFeTaB bilayered structure for patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3561803},
art_number={07B908},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955459523&doi=10.1063%2f1.3561803&partnerID=40&md5=0eac4c4f9165188dd0dc62c38143e768},
affiliation={Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; World Premier Initiative (WPI) Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan},
abstract={We report on the use of CoFeTaB metallic glass thin film as a soft magnetic underlayer which promotes the growth of L10 FePt along the preferred (111) crystallographic direction. The preferred oriented phase of L1 0 FePt is obtained by either in situ deposition upon a heated CoFeTaB/SiO2/Si or at room temperature (FePt/CoFeTaB/SiO 2/Si) followed by annealing at 400-450 C for 15 min. The latter process is shown to be advantageous in terms of the fabrication of patterned media. Pattern sizes ranging from 25-100 nm made from L10 FePt (111)/glassy CoFeTaB were fabricated by photo/electron beam lithography. The structural and magnetic characterizations strongly suggest the applicability of the present bilayered structure in the fabrication of high density bit-patterned magnetic recording media. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bi-layered structure;  Crystallographic directions;  High density;  In-situ deposition;  Magnetic characterization;  Magnetic recording media;  Metallic glass thin films;  Pattern size;  Patterned medias;  Room temperature;  Soft magnetic underlayers, Film growth;  Metallic glass;  Nanoimprint lithography, Fabrication},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 22760002},
funding_text 1={This work is partly supported by “Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientist A/B” from JSPS, and from RIMCOF, NEDO Japan.},
references={Gao, K.Z., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675. , 10.1109/TMAG.2002.804801; Qin, G.W., (2009) Int. Mater. Rev., 54, p. 157. , 10.1179/174328009X411172; Ouchi, T., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2224. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040068; Guo, V.W., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 2686. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2018640; Krone, P., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501. , 10.1063/1.3481668; Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Chen, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1990. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043064; Krone, P., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 108, p. 013906. , 10.1063/1.3457037; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Kaushik, N., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 072510. , 10.1063/1.3479054; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., Magnetic multilayers on nanospheres (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 203-206. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1324; Zha, C.L., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 163108. , 10.1063/1.3123003; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., Preparation and magnetic properties of highly coercive FePt films (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (6), p. 1050. , DOI 10.1063/1.1498504; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Kimura, H., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., Nano-fabrication with metallic glass - An exotic material for nano-electromechanical systems (2007) Nanotechnology, 18 (3), p. 035302. , DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035302, PII S0957448407260878; Miles, J.J., Effect of grain size distribution on the performance of perpendicular recording media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (3), pp. 955-967. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.888354; Sharma, P., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., Observation of unusual magnetic behavior: Spin reorientation transition in thick Co-Fe-Ta-B glassy films (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (8), p. 083902. , DOI 10.1063/1.2359142; Chappert, C., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Devolder, T., Rousseaux, F., Launois, H., (1919) Science, 280. , (1998). 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, p. 611. , 10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.611},
correspondence_address1={Sharma, P.; Institute for Materials Research, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: sharmap@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalezhi2011,
author={Kalezhi, J. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Analysis of write-head synchronization and adjacent track erasure in bit patterned media using a statistical model},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3562869},
art_number={07B755},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955438666&doi=10.1063%2f1.3562869&partnerID=40&md5=c5521785636f359b14f7b87bdcc9b120},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Technology, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia},
abstract={An analysis of the performance of a bit patterned media data storage system composed of nanoscale islands with variations in position and magnetic properties has been carried out. The statistical model of write errors includes adjacent track erasure and error rates are computed according to the down-track synchronization of the write head switching position and cross-track head position variations. Two-dimensional maps of bit error rates reveal that distributions of position and anisotropy have a severe impact on the performance of the system. Results show that head field cross-track gradients needs to be tightly controlled to minimize the effects of adjacent track erasure. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Data storage systems;  Error rate;  Head fields;  Head position;  Nanoscale islands;  Statistical models;  Two-dimensional map;  Write heads, Magnetic properties;  Magnetic storage;  Nanomagnetics, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (16), p. 162502. , DOI 10.1063/1.2799174; Livshitz, B., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111. , 10.1063/1.3072442; Livshitz, B., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3519. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022501; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mats., 320 (22), p. 2880. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Kalezhi, J., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 3752. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2052626; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392; Jinbo, Y., Greaves, S., (2010), private communication; Brown, W.F., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 1677. , 10.1103/PhysRev.130.1677},
correspondence_address1={Kalezhi, J.; School of Computer Science, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: kalezhij@cs.man.ac.uk},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2011,
author={Li, W.M. and Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Xue, J.M. and Ding, J.},
title={Calculation of individual bit island switching field distribution in perpendicular magnetic bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3563069},
art_number={07B758},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955438064&doi=10.1063%2f1.3563069&partnerID=40&md5=fc35e39e7e0bfa0bd8d67dc3594ebcc7},
affiliation={Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising candidate to achieve ultrahigh recording density in magnetic data storage. One of the critical issues for BPM in high-density recording is that the switching field distribution (SFD) needs to be narrow enough to secure exact addressability of individual predefined bits without overwriting adjacent bits. In our work, we observed magnetic reversal of individual islands through magnetic force microscopy and calculated the demagnetization and SFD using the obtained intrinsic SFD to verify if dipole-dipole interactions contribute to the SFD broadening. In simulation, we used the formula in the calculation of critical magnetic field for the reversal of individual islands: Hc Hc,int -∑ M sVbit/r3, where Hc is the critical field, Hc,int is the initial critical field without dipole-dipole interactions, and represents the dipole-dipole interactions from neighboring islands. Hc,int was generated from the obtained initial SFD (2σ 1.2 kOe), dipole-dipole interactions cause a significant SFD broadening. The width of 2σ 1.7 kOe after the calculation with the consideration of the dipole-dipole distribution is in a relatively good agreement with our experimental data (2σ 2.0 kOe). The calculated demagnetization loop also agrees well with our experimental result. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Adjacent bits;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical fields;  Critical issues;  Critical magnetic field;  Dipole dipole interactions;  Dipole-dipole;  Experimental data;  High-density recording;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic reversal;  Switching field distribution;  Ultra-high recording, Demagnetization;  Dipole moment;  Electric dipole moments;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetic storage},
references={Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913. , 10.1063/1.3260240; Gnther, C.M., Hellwig, O., Menzel, A., Pfau, B., Radu, F., Makarov, D., Albrecht, M., Eisebitt, S., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, 81, p. 064411. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.064411; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Chen, Y., Ding, J., Deng, J., Huang, T., Leong, S.H., Shi, J., Zhong, B., Liu, B., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1990. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043064; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 6. , 10.1109/20.278712; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Berero, G.A., Sinclair, R.J., (1994) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 134, p. 173. , 10.1016/0304-8853(94)90089-2; Usherwood, T.W., Smith, G.D.W., MacKenzie, R.A.D., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 162, p. 383. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(96)00379-4; Onoue, T., Asahi, T., Kuramochi, K., Kawaji, J., Osaka, T., Ariake, J., Ouchi, K., Yaguchi, N., Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayered thin films with C or Si seedlayer (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (8), p. 4545. , DOI 10.1063/1.1506420; Carcia, P.F., Shah, S.I., Zeper, W.B., (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., 56, p. 2345. , 10.1063/1.102912; Carcia, P.F., Li, Z.G., Zeper, W.B., (1993) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 121, p. 452. , 10.1016/0304-8853(93)91245-3; Sbiaa, R., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 023906. , 10.1063/1.3173546; Shaw, J.M., Nembach, H.T., Silva, T.J., Russek, S.E., Geiss, R., Jones, C., Clark, N., Smith, D.J., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 184419. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.184419; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414},
correspondence_address1={Li, W. M.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, , Singapore 119260, Singapore},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Springer2011,
author={Springer, F. and Hellwig, O. and Dobisz, E. and Albrecht, M. and Grobis, M.},
title={Probing the time-dependent switching probability of individual patterned magnetic islands},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3540574},
art_number={07B905},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955434990&doi=10.1063%2f1.3540574&partnerID=40&md5=5a26c221feb59a2362d5a65a665b84c2},
affiliation={Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany},
abstract={We show switching probability measurements of individual bits of a bit patterned media in the highly inhomogeneous write field of a recording head. The behavior of the switching probability as a function of the applied field pulse width t deviates from a simple Arrhenius-Néel model for the magnetization reversal. The data agree well with an extended model that assumes a normal distribution of energy barriers. We compare the extracted energy barrier distribution to the switching field distribution in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field measured at long time scales. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Applied field;  Arrhenius;  Bit-patterned media;  Energy barrier distribution;  Extended model;  Magnetic island;  Perpendicular magnetic fields;  Recording head;  Switching field distribution;  Switching probability;  Time-dependent;  Time-scales;  Write field, Energy barriers;  Magnetic fields;  Normal distribution;  Probability;  Switching, Magnetization reversal},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys., 38, p. 199; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , edited by J. P. Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer (Springer, New York); Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (10), p. 6845. , DOI 10.1063/1.1447174; Murillo, R., (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 177. , 10.1007/s00542-006-0143-x; Hauet, T., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , 10.1063/1.3276911; Grobis, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , 10.1063/1.3304166; Moser, A., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018. , 10.1063/1.370077; Bean, C.P., Livingston, J.D., (1959) J. Appl. Phys., 30, p. 120. , 10.1063/1.2185850; Brown, W.F., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 1677. , 10.1103/PhysRev.130.1677; Coffey, W.T., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 5655. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5655; Suess, D., Fidler, J., Zimanyi, G., Schrefl, T., Visscher, P., Thermal stability of graded exchange spring media under the influence of external fields (2008) Applied Physics Letters, 92 (17), p. 173111. , DOI 10.1063/1.2908052; Sharrock, M., McKinney, J., (1981) IEEE Trans. Magn., 17, p. 3020. , 10.1109/TMAG.1981.1061755; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204},
correspondence_address1={Springer, F.; Department of Physics, , 78457 Konstanz, Germany; email: felix.springer@uni-konstanz.de},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang2011,
author={Wang, H. and Rahman, M.T. and Zhao, H. and Isowaki, Y. and Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A. and Wang, J.-P.},
title={Fabrication of FePt type exchange coupled composite bit patterned media by block copolymer lithography},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3562453},
art_number={07B754},
note={cited By 29},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955428871&doi=10.1063%2f1.3562453&partnerID=40&md5=ffbc871bad397f97202f4ed53a1c8404},
affiliation={MINTCenter, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Toshiba Corporation, 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho, Kawasaki, Japan},
abstract={We fabricated exchange coupled composite (ECC) L10 ordered, (001) oriented FePt (5nm)/Fe (5 nm) bit patterned media over a large area by diblock copolymer lithography. We formed the dot arrays of the copolymer directly on the magnetic film and used them as the etching mask. The average size of the ECC FePt/Fe pillars was about 32 nm, with a center to center distance of about 35 nm and a size distribution of about 8. The perpendicular coercivity (Hc) of the ECC FePt/Fe patterned structures was about 4.3 kOe. Both the coercivity and the saturation field of the ECC FePt/Fe patterned structure were reduced by about 50 due to the exchange coupling between FePt and Fe in the FePt/Fe patterned structure compared to the FePt patterned structure with similar dot size and distribution. The thermal stability and gain factor of the FePt/Fe ECC structure were about 260 kBT and 1.35, respectively. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={A-center;  Average size;  Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer lithography;  Center distance;  Coercivities;  Diblock copolymer;  Dot array;  Dot size;  Etching masks;  Exchange coupled;  Gain factors;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular coercivity;  Saturation fields;  Thermal stability, Block copolymers;  Coercive force;  Nanoimprint lithography, Copolymerization},
funding_details={DMR-0819885},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_text 1={This work is partially supported by the INSIC extremely high areal density recording (EHDR) program, Western Digital, the NSF MRSEC program under Award Number DMR-0819885, and the NSF Nano Fabrication Center (NFC) at the University of Minnesota. Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T. Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from the NSF through the NNIN program.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10. , 10.1109/20.824418; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Hong, Z., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 40, p. 319. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821163; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855263; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 87 (1), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1951053, 012504; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3181-3186. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Goll, D., Breitling, A., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052502. , 10.1063/1.3078286; Ma, B., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Sun, C., Acharya, R., Wang, J.P., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2345. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039858; Goll, D., Kronmuller, H., (2008) Physica B, 403, p. 1854. , 10.1016/j.physb.2007.10.336; Skomski, R., George, T.A., Sellmyer, D.J., Nucleation and wall motion in graded media (2008) Journal of Applied Physics, 103 (7), pp. 07F531. , DOI 10.1063/1.2835483; Casoli, F., Albertini, F., Nasi, L., Fabbrici, S., Cabassi, R., Bolzoni, F., Bocchi, C., Strong coercivity reduction in perpendicular FePtFe bilayers due to hard/soft coupling (2008) Applied Physics Letters, 92 (14), p. 142506. , DOI 10.1063/1.2905294; Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2009) Phys. Status Solidi (RRL), 3, p. 130. , 10.1002/pssr.200903074; Rahman, M.T., Shams, N.N., Lai, C.H., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C112. , 10.1063/1.3072444; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4129. , 10.1116/1.588605; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1949-1951. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , 10.1126/science.1157626; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 19, p. 425. , 10.2494/photopolymer.19.425; Xu, Y., Chen, J.S., Wang, J.P., In situ ordering of FePt thin films with face-centered-tetragonal (001) texture on Cr100-xRux underlayer at low substrate temperature (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3325-3327. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476706; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6705. , 10.1063/1.1669347},
correspondence_address1={Wang, J.-P.; MINTCenter, , Minneapolis, MN, United States; email: jpwang@umn.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kim2011,
author={Kim, J. and Lee, J.},
title={Two-dimensional soft output Viterbi algorithm with noise filter for patterned media storage},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3559540},
art_number={07B742},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955403727&doi=10.1063%2f1.3559540&partnerID=40&md5=dce14136c171c1664dc22ae8567b2697},
affiliation={School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, South Korea},
abstract={We introduce a two-dimensional (2D) soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) using two 1D SOVAs, which apply two noise filters corresponding to horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, for patterned media storage. Patterned media storage has 2D intersymbol interference (ISI), which includes ISI from neighboring symbols and intertrack interference from adjacent tracks, since there is a small space between adjacent tracks and neighborhood symbols. Noise filter replaces colored noise with white noise. As a result, the noise filter can reduce the noise power, so that performance can be improved. As shown in the simulation results, when there is no off-track, the 2D SOVA using a noise filter is approximately 0.4 dB better than not using a noise filter at a 10 -6 bit error rate; when there is 20 off-track, it has about a 1 dB gain. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={2-D intersymbol interference;  Adjacent track;  Colored noise;  Inter-track interferences;  Noise filters;  Noise power;  Patterned medias;  Simulation result;  Soft output Viterbi algorithms;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Space between;  Vertical direction, Bit error rate;  Intersymbol interference;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Two dimensional;  White noise, Viterbi algorithm},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Science and Technology, MEST, 2010-0014344},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST; Grant No. 2010-0014344).},
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correspondence_address1={Lee, J.; School of Electronic Engineering, , Seoul 156-743, South Korea; email: zlee@ssu.ac.kr},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suharyadi2011,
author={Suharyadi, E. and Oshima, D. and Kato, T. and Iwata, S.},
title={Switching field distribution of planar-patterned CrPt3 nanodots fabricated by ion irradiation},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3565492},
art_number={07B771},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955403725&doi=10.1063%2f1.3565492&partnerID=40&md5=2035b9595ef3986527dce4226311f24e},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Sumitomo-Ichibancho Building 2F, 6 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan},
abstract={Planar-patterned CrPt3 ordered L12 nanodots with various bit sizes (D) from 220 to 55 nm were fabricated by the local irradiation of 30 keV of Kr ions not by conventional physical etching. Patterned nanodots with bit size ≤ 65 nm show either dark or bright contrast, suggesting that they have single domain structure. Switching field distribution of nanodots was studied by taking magnetic force microcopy images, in the progress of the magnetization reversal. As-prepared CrPt3 film exhibited perpendicular hysteresis loop with the coercivity of 5.5 kOe. Compared with the as-prepared film, the average switching field (Hsf) of the CrPt 3 nanodots increased as 6.5, 8.5, and 9.2 kOe while the switching field distribution (δHsf) decreased as 6.8, 3.6, and 2.8 kOe, for the patterned nanodots with bit sizes of 220, 150, 65 nm, respectively. We found that the small δHsf/Hsf is possible in the high density planar bit patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Coercivities;  High density;  Ion irradiation;  Magnetic force;  Nanodots;  Single-domain structure;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Fabrication;  Film preparation;  Hysteresis;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic materials;  Switching, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 23360153},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403. , 10.1063/1.124389; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, p. 191. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)01084-1; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferré, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3843. , 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2972. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.880076; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117. , 10.1063/1.3072024; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 053908. , 10.1063/1.3212967; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 95, p. 232505. , 10.1063/1.3271679; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H.-S., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 3149. , 10.1063/1.371181; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., (2010) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1671. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044559; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., Magnetization reversal in CoPd nanostructures and films (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1849572, 10J702; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{JohnGreaves2011,
author={John Greaves, S. and Muraoka, H. and Kanai, Y.},
title={The feasibility of bit-patterned recording at 4 Tb/in.2 without heat-assist},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3536666},
art_number={07B702},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955400503&doi=10.1063%2f1.3536666&partnerID=40&md5=e44609d328ca64f870e99e7c52601494},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; IEE, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={Magnetic recording on bit patterned media with dot densities of 4 Tbit/in.2 was simulated. Head field distributions of shielded, single pole write heads with various main pole widths were used for recording. Write windows, showing the range of head positions which resulted in error-free recording and no adjacent track erasure, were calculated. The bit aspect ratio (BAR) and magnetic spacing between the write head and the medium were varied and the system with the lowest write error rate was found to be a 1:1 BAR, shingled recording system. For single-track recording a 2:1 BAR and a magnetic spacing of 3.5 nm gave the lowest write-error rate. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Dot density;  Error rate;  Head fields;  Head position;  Magnetic spacings;  Main poles;  Recording systems;  Single pole write heads;  Track recordings;  Write heads, Aspect ratio, Bit error rate},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1810. , 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2004315; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., Hetzler, S.R., (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 69, p. 4724. , 10.1063/1.348260; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, J., Miles, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 917. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010676; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3823. , 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2021663},
correspondence_address1={John Greaves, S.; RIEC, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saga2011,
author={Saga, H. and Shirahata, K. and Mitsuzuka, K. and Shimatsu, T. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Experimental write margin analysis of bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3554201},
art_number={07B721},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955397998&doi=10.1063%2f1.3554201&partnerID=40&md5=f08b89c745fbe7d95dbe27a0d8d8c665},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 2880 Kohzu, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; Institute Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université H. Poincaré - Nancy, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre- les-Nancy CEDEX, France},
abstract={Write margin analysis of the bit patterned media (BPM) was experimentally carried out using a static tester. Sample BPM were fabricated from hard/soft-stacked (exchange-coupled composite; ECC) base media with a Pt/Co multilayer hard layer and a Co soft layer. Write margins of 60-nm-dot (140 nm period) and 40-nm-dot (100 nm period) media were confirmed to be 80 nm and 50 nm, respectively. An analysis of the margin loss factor found a large residual margin loss. The loss factors of 60-nm-dot and 40-nm-dot media were 57 nm and 44 nm, respectively, and these values almost correspond to the dot diameter. The residual margin loss was identified as due to the formation of a multi-domain structure within some dots under certain recording conditions. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot diameter;  Hard layers;  Loss factor;  Multidomain structure;  Soft layers;  Static tester;  Write margin, Nanoimprint lithography, Nanocomposite films},
funding_text 1={This work is partly supported by grants-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japanese government, and of the Storage Research Consortium. High-resolution electron beam lithography process has been partly carried out at the Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University. Authors would also like to express sincere gratitude to supportive companies for their great cooperation.},
references={Lambert, S.E., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 3690. , 10.1109/TMAG.1987.1065736; New, R.M.H., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196. , 10.1116/1.587499; Chou, S.Y., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673. , 10.1063/1.358164; White, R.L., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 10.1109/20.560144; Rottmayer, R.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Effect of Ion beam patterning on the write and read performance of perpendicular granular recording media (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (4), pp. 1652-1656. , DOI 10.1109/20.950928, PII S0018946401072971; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476062; Albrecht, M., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2323. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816285; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, p. 3263. , 10.1063/1.118030; Mitsuzuka, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C103. , 10.1063/1.3072014; Kikuchi, N., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 4313. , 10.1063/1.1580994; Aoi, H., (2009), 13. , IEICE Technical Report MR2009-39, [In Japanese]; Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423. , 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001654; Kitakami, O., (2009) J. Phys., Conference Series, 165, p. 012029. , 10.1088/1742-6596/165/1/012029; Ikeda, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1622. , 10.1109/TMAG.2010.2041193},
correspondence_address1={Saga, H.; Central Research Laboratory, 2880 Kohzu, Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kuświk2011,
author={Kuświk, P. and Ehresmann, A. and Tekielak, M. and Szymański, B. and Sveklo, I. and Mazalski, P. and Engel, D. and Kisielewski, J. and Lengemann, D. and Urbaniak, M. and Schmidt, C. and Maziewski, A. and Stobiecki, F.},
title={Colloidal domain lithography for regularly arranged artificial magnetic out-of-plane monodomains in Au/Co/Au layers},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={22},
number={9},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/22/9/095302},
art_number={095302},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79751502328&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f22%2f9%2f095302&partnerID=40&md5=88d5862b9ccb9808932c18cb28ba586d},
affiliation={Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; Institute of Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany; Laboratory of Magnetism, Faculty of Physics, University of Bialystok, Lipowa 41, 15-424 Bialystok, Poland},
abstract={Regularly arranged magnetic out-of-plane patterns in continuous and flat films are promising for applications in data storage technology (bit patterned media) or transport of individual magnetic particles. Whereas topographic magnetic structures are fabricated by standard lithographical techniques, the fabrication of regularly arranged artificial domains in topographically flat films is difficult, since the free energy minimization determines the existence, shape, and regularity of domains. Here we show that keV He+ ion bombardment of Au/Co/Au layer systems through a colloidal mask of hexagonally arranged spherical polystyrene beads enables magnetic patterning of regularly arranged cylindrical magnetic monodomains with out-of-plane magnetization embedded in a ferromagnetic matrix with easy-plane anisotropy. This colloidal domain lithography creates artificial domains via periodic lateral anisotropy variations induced by periodic defect density modulations. Magnetization reversal of the layer system observed by magnetic force microscopy shows individual disc switching indicating monodomain states. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Anisotropy variation;  Artificial domain;  Bit-patterned media;  Colloidal masks;  Data storage technology;  Density modulation;  Easy-plane anisotropy;  Ferromagnetic matrix;  Flat films;  Free energy minimization;  Magnetic particle;  Magnetic patterning;  Monodomains;  Out-of-plane;  Periodic defects;  Polystyrene beads, Anisotropy;  Defect density;  Embedded systems;  Ion bombardment;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Polystyrenes, Magnetic domains, cobalt;  gold;  nanoparticle, article;  chemistry;  colloid;  conformation;  crystallization;  macromolecule;  magnetism;  materials testing;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  particle size;  surface property;  ultrastructure, Cobalt;  Colloids;  Crystallization;  Gold;  Macromolecular Substances;  Magnetics;  Materials Testing;  Molecular Conformation;  Nanoparticles;  Nanotechnology;  Particle Size;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; gold, 7440-57-5; Cobalt, 7440-48-4; Colloids; Gold, 7440-57-5; Macromolecular Substances},
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Lett., 80, pp. 4789-4791; Aign, T., Meyer, P., Lemerle, S., Jamet, J.P., Ferre, J., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Magnetization reversal in arrays of perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin dots coupled by dipolar interaction (1998) Physical Review Letters, 81 (25), pp. 5656-5659; Repain, V., Jamet, J.P., Vernier, N., Bauer, M., Ferr'e, J., Chappert, C., Gierak, J., Mailly, D., Magnetic interactions in dot arrays with perpendicular anisotropy (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, pp. 2614-2618; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Writing and reading of single magnetic domain per bit perpendicular patterned media (1999) Applied Physics Letters, 74 (17), pp. 2516-2518; Burmeister, F., Schafle, C., Keilhofer, B., Bechinger, C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., From mesoscopic to nanoscopic surface structures: Lithography with colloid monolayers (1998) Advanced Materials, 10 (6), pp. 495-497; Ng, V., Lee, Y.V., Chen, B.T., Adeyeye, A.O., Nanostructure array fabrication with temperature-controlled self-assembly techniques (2002) Nanotechnology, 13 (5), pp. 554-558. , DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/13/5/302, PII S0957448402377559; Langridge, S., Controlled magnetic roughness in a multilayer that has been patterned using a nanosphere array (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 74, p. 014417; Choi, D.G., Jeong, J.R., Kwon, K.Y., Jung, H.T., Shin, S.C., Yang, S.M., Magnetic nanodot arrays patterned by selective ion etching using block copolymer templates (2004) Nanotechnology, 15, pp. 970-974; Aizpurua, J., Hanarp, P., Sutherland, D.S., Käll, M., Bryant, G.W., Garcia De Abajo, F.J., Optical properties of gold nanorings (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, p. 057401; Yang, S.M., Jang, S.G., Choi, D.G., Kim, S., Yu, H.K., Nanomachining by colloidal lithography (2006) Small, 2, pp. 458-475; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Devolder, T., Bernas, H., Ravelosona, D., Chappert, C., Pizzini, S., Vogel, J., Ferr'e, J., Mathet, V., Beam-induced magnetic property modifications: Basics, nanostructure fabrication and potential applications (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 175-177, p. 375; Kuswik, W.P., Kisielewski, J., Weis, T., Tekielak, M., Szymanski, B., Urbaniak, M., Dubowik, J., Ehresmann, A., He+ ion bombardment induced effects on magnetic properties of Ni-Fe/Au/Co/Au films (2008) Acta Physica Polonica A, 113 (2), pp. 651-656; Jaworowicz, J., Spin reorientation transitions in Pt/Co/Pt films under low dose Ga+ ion irradiation (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 022502; Blon, T., Ben Assayag, G., Ousset, J.-C., Pecassou, B., Claverie, A., Snoeck, E., Magnetic easy-axis switching in Co/Pt and Co/Au superlattices induced by nitrogen ion beam irradiation (2007) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 257 (1-2 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 374-378. , DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.264, PII S0168583X07000523; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Kortright, J.B., Fullerton, E.E., Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 319 (1-2), pp. 13-55. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035, PII S030488530700649X; Tekielak, M., Mazalski, P., Maziewski, A., Schäfer, R., McCord, J., Szyma'nski, B., Urbaniak, M., Stobiecki, F., Creation of out-of-plane magnetization ordering by increasing the repetitions number N in (Co/Au)N multilayers (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 2850-2853; Stobiecki, F., Szyma'nski, B., Luci'nski, T., Dubowik, J., Urbaniak, M., Röll, K., Magnetoresistance of layered structures with alternating in-plane and perpendicular anisotropies (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 282, pp. 32-38; Kosiorek, A., Kandulski, W., Chudzi'nski, P., Kempa, K., Giersig, M., (2004) Shadow Nanosphere Lithography: Simulation and Experiment, 4, pp. 1359-1363. , Nano Lett; Kosiorek, A., Kandulski, W., Glaczynska, H., Giersig, M., Fabrication of nanoscale rings, dots, and rods by combining shadow nanosphere lithography and annealed polystyrene nanosphere masks (2005) Small, 1 (4), pp. 439-444. , DOI 10.1002/smll.200400099; Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P., Littmark, U., (1985) The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, , (New York: Pergamon) www. srim.org; Kisielewski, M., Maziewski, A., Tekielak, M., Wawro, A., Baczewski, L.T., New possibilities for tuning ultrathin cobalt film magnetic properties by a noble metal overlayer (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, p. 087203; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., Tailoring magnetism by light-ion irradiation (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37, pp. R179-R196; Aziz, A., Bending, S.J., Roberts, H., Crampin, S., Heard, P.J., Marrows, C.H., Artificial domain structures realized by local gallium focused ion-beam modification of Pt/Co/Pt trilayer transport structure (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98, p. 124102; Guo, H.B., Li, J.H., Liu, B.X., Atomistic modeling and thermodynamic interpretation of the bridging phenomenon observed in the Co-Au system (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 195434; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Mathet, V., Bernas, H., Chen, Y.Y., Ravera, H., Jamet, J.P., Ferr'e, J., Magnetization reversal in irradiation-fabricated nanostructures (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 8671; Jamet, J.P., Dynamics of the magnetization reversal in Au/Co/Au micrometer-size dot arrays (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 14320},
correspondence_address1={Kuświk, P.; Institute of Molecular Physics, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland; email: kuswik@ifmpan.poznan.pl},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
pubmed_id={21258148},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi2011395,
author={Choi, C. and Yoon, Y. and Hong, D. and Oh, Y. and Talke, F.E. and Jin, S.},
title={Planarization of patterned magnetic recording media to enable head flyability},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2011},
volume={17},
number={3},
pages={395-402},
doi={10.1007/s00542-011-1222-1},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052137364&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-011-1222-1&partnerID=40&md5=a1b69933a54c8ea03765cca0a2cf2125},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={The fabrication and planarization of patterned magnetic recording media is investigated and the flyability of magnetic recording sliders on a patterned and planarized 65 mm glass disk is investigated a small coupon of patterned media with an array of nano pillars of 40 nm diameter and 60 nm height was first fabricated by e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching (RIE) to investigate the planarization process for patterned media. Since read/ write flyability tests require a patterned disk rather than a small coupon area, we have prepared a bit patterned glass disks of 65 mm diameter (2.5 in.) using the so-called "Ag ball-up process" in combination with RIE. This "Ag ballup process" permits the manufacturing of a nano-sized bit patterns on a large area, i.e., on a disk with 65 mm diameter. Planarization of the patterned area was performed with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) by spin coating. The HSQ layer was back-etched using RIE, resulting in a smooth surface. "Flyability testing" indicates significantly improved flying stability of typical magnetic recording sliders on the planarized glass disks, with the standard deviation of flying height fluctuations on the order of 0.1 nm. The latter value is comparable to that of "smooth" disks. © Springer-Verlag 2011.},
keywords={Bit patterns;  e-Beam lithography;  Flyability;  Flyability testing;  Flying heights;  Flying stability;  Glass disks;  Hydrogen silsesquioxane;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic recording sliders;  Nano-sized;  Patterned medias;  Planarization;  Planarization process;  Smooth surface;  Standard deviation, Electron beam lithography;  Glass;  Hydrogen;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography, Reactive ion etching},
funding_details={05K1501-01210},
funding_details={0856674},
funding_details={R33-2008-000-10025-0},
funding_details={University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San Diego, UCSD},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Science and Technology, TaiwanMinistry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by CMRR (Center for Magnetic Recording Research) at UC San Diego, NSF-CMMI, Nanomanufacturing Division, Grant No. 0856674, CNMT Grant No. 05K1501-01210 under the 21st Century Frontier R&D Programs, Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea, and National Research Foundation (NRF) grant through World Class University Program (R33-2008-000-10025-0).},
references={Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) IEEE Trans Magn, 40, pp. 2510-2515; Kawamori, M., Nakamatsu, K.-I., Haruyama, Y., Matsui, S., Effect of oxygen plasma irradiation on hydrogen silsesquioxane nanopatterns replicated by room-temperature nanoimprinting (2006) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers, 45 (11), pp. 8994-8996. , http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/45/8994/pdf, DOI 10.1143/JJAP.45.8994; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., Patterned media fabricated by lithography and argon-ion milling (2004) IEEE Trans Magn, 40, pp. 2516-2518; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans Magn, 44 (11), pp. 3656-3662; Penaud, J., Fruleux, F., Dubois, E., Transformation of hydrogen silsesquioxane properties with RIE plasma treatment for advanced multiple-gate MOSFETs (2006) Applied Surface Science, 253 (1 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 395-399. , DOI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.06.021, PII S0169433206008531; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J Appl Phys, 101, pp. 023909-023912; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys Rev Lett, 96, pp. 257204-257207},
correspondence_address1={Jin, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: jin@ucsd.edu},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chong20112704,
author={Chong, T.C. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Sbiaa, R.},
title={Perspectives for 10 terabits/in 2 magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={11},
number={3},
pages={2704-2709},
doi={10.1166/jnn.2011.2738},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955871034&doi=10.1166%2fjnn.2011.2738&partnerID=40&md5=a94238ac984cbd3c499a027adb9643f8},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), (A-STAR) Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 117608, Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Magnetic recording technology has come a long way, since the introduction of the first hard disk drives (HDD) in 1956. The areal density has grown by a factor of 200 million times and the HDD has stayed as a main candidate for mass storage of information. In order to maintain its lead over other competing technologies, HDD industry continues to invent several technologies. Having introduced perpendicular recording technology in the last 5 years, the industry is looking at introducing bit-patterned media or heat-assisted magnetic recording in the next five years. The researchers - looking at a longer term - are investigating 10 Tbits/in 2 as the next major milestone. The issues and probable candidates for 10 Tbits/in 2 magnetic recording technology are described from a material perspective. © 2011 American Scientific Publishers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic recording;  Magneto-resistance;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Hard disk drives;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Mass storage;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular recording, Hard disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Technology, Magnetic recording, article;  data storage device;  forecasting;  instrumentation;  magnetism;  signal processing;  videorecording, Computer Storage Devices;  Forecasting;  Magnetics;  Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted;  Video Recording},
references={Comstock, R.L., (2002) J. Mater. Sci: Materials in Electronics, 13, p. 509; Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, p. 611; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157; Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 071101; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 4521; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. R149; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3166; O'Grady, K., White, R.L., Grundy, P.J., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 177-181, p. 886; Sharrock, M., McKinney, J., (1981) IEEE Trans. Magn., 17, p. 3020; Sharrock, M.P., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn., 25, p. 4374; Gao, K., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 119; Iwamoto, T., Kitamoto, Y., Toshima, N., (2009) Physics B, 404, p. 2080; Yang, B., Asta, M., Mryasov, O., Klemmer, T.J., Chantrell, R.W., (2005) Script. Mater., 53, p. 417; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Chen, J.S., Lim, B.C., Huang, J.F., Lim, Y.K., Liu, B., Chow, G.M., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 042508; Perumal, A., Ko, H.S., Shin, S.C., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 3326; Poh, W.C., Piramanayagam, S.N., Liew, Y.F., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F523; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199; Rubin, K.A., Terris, B.D., (2005), US Patent 6 937, 421; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2009) Science, 321, p. 936; Park, S.H., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Baibich, M.N., Broto, J.M., Fert, A., Nguyen Van Dau, F., Petroff, F., Etienne, P., Creuzet, G., Chazelas, J., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 61, p. 2472; Binasch, G., Grunberg, P., Saurenbach, F., Zinn, W., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 4828; Dieny, B., Speriosu, V.S., Parkin, S.S.P., Gurney, B.A., Wilhoit, D.R., Mauri, D., (1991) Phys. Rev. B, 43, p. 1297; Parkin, S.S.P., Kaiser, C., Panchula, A., Rice, P.M., Hughes, B., Samant, M., Yang, S.H., (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, p. 862; Yuasa, S., Fukushima, A., Nagahama, T., Ando, K., Suzuki, Y., (2004) Nat. Mater., 3, p. 868; Ikeda, S., Hayakawa, J., Ashizawa, Y., Lee, Y.M., Miura, K., Hasegawa, H., Tsunoda, M., Ohno, H., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 082508; Van Dijken, S., Coey, J.M.D., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 022504; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 073911; Fukuzawa, H., Yuasa, H., Koi, K., Iwasaki, H., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10C509; Fujiwara, H., Nagasaka, K., Zhao, T., Butler, W.H., Velev, J., Bandyopadhyay, A., (2009), US patent 7,538,987},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), , 117608, Singapore, Singapore},
issn={15334880},
pubmed_id={21449459},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar20112611,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Sbiaa, R. and Aung, K.O. and Guo, Z.B. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Ion beam modification of exchange coupling to fabricate patterned media},
journal={Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={11},
number={3},
pages={2611-2614},
doi={10.1166/jnn.2011.2704},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955853861&doi=10.1166%2fjnn.2011.2704&partnerID=40&md5=6cb721bf67971c4d7ff61d6ac8aea140},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (A-STAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore},
abstract={For bit-patterned media, media with low remanent magnetization (M r) and high M r regions are needed for storing information, which is usually achieved by lithographically defining magnetic and non-magnetic regions. In this work, we have investigated the use of ion beam modification of media surface to define the low and high M r states using a medium that is at a low M r state to start with. The low M r state is achieved by the use of synthetic antiferromagnetic coupling obtained in Co-alloy/Ru/Co-alloy trilayer structured film. Local ion beam modification at 30 keV energy using Ga ions was used to create high M r regions. AFM and MFM observations indicated that patterned regions of low and high M r can be observed with ion beam irradiation. This technique is a potential method to achieve patterned media without the need of planarization techniques. © 2011 American Scientific Publishers.},
author_keywords={Antiferromagnetically coupled media;  Focused ion beam;  Magnetic materials;  Nanofabrication;  Patterning},
keywords={AFM;  Antiferromagnetically coupled media;  Bit-patterned media;  Ion beam irradiation;  Ion beam modification;  Nonmagnetics;  Patterned medias;  Patterning;  Planarization technique;  Potential methods;  Remanent magnetization;  Structured films;  Synthetic antiferromagnetic;  Trilayers, Cobalt;  Focused ion beams;  Magnetic materials;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanotechnology, Ion beams, copper;  ion;  nanomaterial;  rubidium, article;  chemistry;  magnetism;  materials testing;  radiation exposure, Copper;  Ions;  Magnetics;  Materials Testing;  Nanostructures;  Rubidium},
chemicals_cas={copper, 15158-11-9, 7440-50-8; rubidium, 7440-17-7; Copper, 7440-50-8; Ions; Rubidium, 7440-17-7},
references={Vanhelmont, F.W.M., Chapman, J.N., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7772; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Adeyeye, A.O., Singh, N., (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, p. 153001; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 1, p. 1; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferreé, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Terris, B., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, E.J.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuize, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J702; Wang, J.P., Shan, Z.S., Piramanayagam, S.N., Chong, T.C., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1445; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904; Pang, S.I., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 616; Fassbender, J., McCord, J., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 579; Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., McChesney, W., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 1},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore},
issn={15334880},
pubmed_id={21449437},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Deng20112555,
author={Deng, S. and Aung, K.O. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Sbiaa, R.},
title={Magnetostatic interactions in antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media},
journal={Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2011},
volume={11},
number={3},
pages={2555-2559},
doi={10.1166/jnn.2011.2731},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955843788&doi=10.1166%2fjnn.2011.2731&partnerID=40&md5=46e4a4b48f9df2236601f085741df60a},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, A-STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore},
abstract={In an array of closely spaced magnetic islands as in patterned media, magnetostatic interactions play a major role in widening the switching field distribution and reducing the thermal stability. Patterned antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) media provide interesting systems for studying the effect of magnetostatic interactions on the reversal of closely spaced AFC bits in an array, as AFC structure helps to reduce the remanent magnetization (M r), leading to reduced magnetostatic interactions. Here, we study the magnetic reversal of single domain-patterned AFC CoCrPt: oxide bilayer system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, by imaging the remanence state of the bits after the application of a magnetic field with magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The influence of magnetostatic fields from the neighboring bits on the switching field distribution (SFD) for an entity in a patterned media is studied by varying the stabilizing layer thickness of the AFC structure and bit spacing. We observe a distinct increase in stability and coercivity with an increase in stabilizing layer thickness for the 40 nm spaced bits. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the AFC structure for reducing magnetostatic interactions in patterned media, such that high thermal stability can be achieved by the reduced M r, without writability issues. © 2011 American Scientific Publishers.},
author_keywords={Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Microstructure;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording media},
keywords={Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Bilayer systems;  High thermal stability;  Magnetic island;  Magnetic reversal;  Magnetostatic field;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Patterned media;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording media;  Remanent magnetization;  Stabilizing layers;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic fields;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetization reversal;  Microstructure;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Thermodynamic stability, Magnetostatics, metal;  nanomaterial, article;  chemistry;  magnetism;  static electricity;  surface property;  ultrastructure, Magnetics;  Metals;  Nanostructures;  Static Electricity;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={Metals},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Pang, S.I., Chong, T.C., Shan, Z.S., Huang, L., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 2423; Oikawa, S., Takeo, A., Hikosaka, T., Tanaka, Y., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2393; Acharya, B.R., Zhou, J.N., Zheng, M., Choe, G., Abarra, E.N., Johnson, K.E., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2383; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 1; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) Recent Patents on Nano-technology, 1, p. 29; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2323; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Piramanayagam, S.N., Pang, S.I., Wang, J.P., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 657; Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., Shi, X., Pang, S.I., Pock, C.K., Shan, Z.S., Chong, T.C., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1438; Hee, C.H., Wang, J.P., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1646; Ferré, J., (2002) Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures I, , edited by B. Hillebrands and K. Ounadjela, Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Hubert, A., Schäfer, R., (2002) Magnetic Domains: The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Bryan, M.T., Atkinson, D., Cowburn, R.P., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 3510; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J702},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S.N.; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
issn={15334880},
pubmed_id={21449425},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu2011,
author={Hu, B. and Amos, N. and Tian, Y. and Butler, J. and Litvinov, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Study of Co/Pd multilayers as a candidate material for next generation magnetic media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2011},
volume={109},
number={3},
doi={10.1063/1.3544306},
art_number={034314},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951838638&doi=10.1063%2f1.3544306&partnerID=40&md5=65373abafca261bda91fabac31aebe72},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We report a combinatorial synthesis study on the magnetic properties of sputter-deposited Co/Pd multilayers with high perpendicular anisotropy and high remnant squareness for magnetic media applications such as magnetic logic systems, bit patterned media, magneto-optical recording, and multilevel three-dimensional (3D) magnetic media. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the multilayers originates from the interfacial anisotropy of the alloylike structure. The deposition conditions and subsequent microstructures of the multilayers are critical factors to determine the magnetic properties of the media. We investigated the dependence of the magnetic properties on the thickness of Co and Pd layers the number of Co/Pd bilayers. For instance, we found that a 0.26-nm-thick layer of Co would produce the highest coercivity value if paired with a 0.55-nm-thick Pd layer. Our results revealed that an Ar+milling could significantly increase the coercivity of the multilayer media. Further, we discovered that we could control the deposition pressure to achieve either granular or continuous media morphologies corresponding to exchange-coupled or decoupled grains, respectively. Finally, we used the combinatorial synthesis to tailor multilayers' properties to engineer a eight-level three-layer 3D media. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bi-layer;  Bit-patterned media;  Candidate materials;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Coercivities;  Combinatorial synthesis;  Continuous media;  Critical factors;  Decoupled grains;  Deposition conditions;  Deposition pressures;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  Logic systems;  Magnetic media;  Magnetooptical recording;  Multilayer media;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Thick layers;  Three-dimensional (3D);  Three-layer, Coercive force;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetism;  Optical multilayers;  Optical recording;  Three dimensional, Magnetic multilayers},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECCS-0824019},
funding_details={U.S. Department of DefenseU.S. Department of Defense, DOD},
funding_details={Defense Microelectronics ActivityDefense Microelectronics Activity, DMEA, H94003-10-2-1003},
funding_text 1={The research was partially supported by Department of Defense (DoD)/Defense Microelectronics Activity (DMEA) under Contract No. H94003-10-2-1003 and National Science Foundation (NSF) under Contract No. ECCS-0824019.},
references={Carcia, P.F., Meinhaidt, A.D., Suna, A., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, p. 178. , 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.96254; Den Broeder, F.J.A., Donkersloot, H.C., Draaisma, H.J.G., De Jonge, W.J.M., (1987) J. Appl. Phys., 61, p. 4317. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.338459; Liarson, B.M., Perez, J., Baldwin, C., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4014. , 0018-9464, 10.1109/20.333974; Kubota, Y., Weller, D., Wu, M.-L., Wu, X., Ju, G., Karns, D., Yu, J., Development of CoX/Pd multilayer perpendicular magnetic recording media with granular seed layers (2002) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 242-245 (PART I), pp. 297-303. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)01235-5, PII S0304885301012355; Matsunuma, S., Yano, A., Koda, T., Onuma, T., Yamanka, H., Fujita, E., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2492. , 0018-9464, 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832146; Jiang, W.W., Wang, J.P., Chong, T.C., [CoAl/Pd]n multilayers as perpendicular recording media (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (3), p. 8067. , DOI 10.1063/1.1454982; Speetzen, N., Stadler, B.J.H., Yuan, E., Victora, R.H., Qi, X., Judy, J.H., Supper, N., Pohkil, T., Co/Pd multilayers for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 181-187. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.030, PII S0304885304011084; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467. , 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 102 (1), p. 011301. , DOI 10.1063/1.2750414; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 4521. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.1695092; Khizroev, S., Hijazi, Y., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Litvinov, D., Physics considerations in the design of three-dimensional and multilevel magnetic recording (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 100 (6), p. 063907. , DOI 10.1063/1.2338129; Prinz, G.A., (1998) Science, 282, p. 1660. , 0036-8075, 10.1126/science.282.5394.1660; Allwood, D.A., Xiong, G., Faulkner, C.C., Atkinson, D., Petit, D., Cowburn, R.P., Magnetic domain-wall logic (2005) Science, 309 (5741), pp. 1688-1692. , DOI 10.1126/science.1108813; Tian, Y., Amos, N., Hu, B., Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2010), Proceedings of the 55th Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM) Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 14-18 November; McMorran, B.J., Cochran, A.C., Dumas, R.K., Liu, K., Morrow, P., Pierce, D.T., Unguris, J., (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, pp. 09D305. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.3358218; Rachid, S., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 023906. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.3173546; Bennett, W.R., England, C.D., Person, D.C., Falco, C.M., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 4384. , 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.348363; Rozatian, A.S.H., Marrows, C.H., Hase, T.P.A., Tanner, B.K., The relationship between interface structure, conformality and perpendicular anisotropy in CoPd multilayers (2005) Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, 17 (25), pp. 3759-3770. , DOI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/25/004, PII S0953898405961031},
correspondence_address1={Hu, B.; Department of Electrical Engineering, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; email: bhu002@ucr.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ruiz201179,
author={Ruiz, R. and Dobisz, E. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Rectangular patterns using block copolymer directed assembly for high bit aspect ratio patterned media},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2011},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={79-84},
doi={10.1021/nn101561p},
note={cited By 104},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956122817&doi=10.1021%2fnn101561p&partnerID=40&md5=bf2c4ba63e7579016775556c460717e8},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={We report a nanofabrication method that combines block copolymer directed assembly with ebeam lithography to achieve highly uniform rectangular patterns with a critical dimension of 16 nm, a full pitch of 27 nm, and arbitrary aspect ratio. This fabrication method enables geometries that are not natural to block copolymer assembly, preserves both the feature uniformity and the center-to-center spacing of the original block copolymer, sustains long-range translational order, and facilitates high-resolution, high-density patterns through feature density multiplication. These highly uniform arrays of dense rectangular features are particularly attractive for fabricating magnetic bit patterned media with high bit aspect ratio. © 2011 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={Block copolymer;  Directed self-assembly;  Lithography;  Nanofabrication;  Patterned media},
keywords={Arbitrary aspect ratio;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical dimension;  Directed assembly;  Directed self-assembly;  e-Beam lithography;  Fabrication method;  Feature density;  High resolution;  High-density;  Nano-fabrication methods;  Patterned medias;  Uniform array, Block copolymers;  Copolymerization;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Plastic products, Aspect ratio},
references={Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Yang, X.M., Wan, L., Xiao, S.G., Xu, Y.A., Weller, D.K., Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 terabit/inch(2) and beyond (2009) ACS Nano, 3, pp. 1844-1858; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block copolymer thermodynamics: Theory and experiment (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, pp. 525-557; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., Polymer self assembly in semiconductor microelectronics (2007) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 51 (5), pp. 605-633. , http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/515/black.html, DOI 10.1147/rd.515.0605; Harrison, C., Cheng, Z., Sethuraman, S., Huse, D.A., Chaikin, P.M., Vega, D.A., Sebastian, J.M., Adamson, D.H., Dynamics of pattern coarsening in a two-dimensional smectic system (2002) Phys. Rev. E, 66, p. 011706; Hammond, M.R., Cochran, E., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Temperature dependence of order, disorder, and defects in laterally confined diblock copolymer cylinder monolayers (2005) Macromolecules, 38 (15), pp. 6575-6585. , DOI 10.1021/ma050479l; Hammond, M.R., Kramer, E.J., Edge effects on thermal disorder in laterally confined diblock copolymer cylinder monolayers (2006) Macromolecules, 39, pp. 1538-1544; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414. , DOI 10.1038/nature01775; Edwards, E.W., Stoykovich, M.P., Solak, H.H., Nealey, P.F., Long-range order and orientation of cylinder-forming block copolymers on chemically nanopatterned striped surfaces (2006) Macromolecules, 39 (10), pp. 3598-3607. , DOI 10.1021/ma052335c; Edwards, E.W., Muller, M., Stoykovich, M.P., Solak, H.H., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Dimensions and shapes of block copolymer domains assembled on lithographically defined chemically patterned substrates (2007) Macromolecules, 40 (1), pp. 90-96. , DOI 10.1021/ma0607564; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Takenaka, M., Yoshida, H., Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Hasegawa, H., Nine-fold density multiplication of hcp lattice pattern by directed self-assembly of block copolymer (2009) Polymer, 50, pp. 4250-4256; Wan, L., Yang, X.M., Directed self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymers: Prepatterning effect on pattern quality and density multiplication factor (2009) Langmuir, 25, pp. 12408-12413; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Patterned magnetic media made by self-assembled block-copolymer lithography (2008) MRS Bull., 33, pp. 838-845; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846; (2009) ITRS International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors., , http://www.itrs.net/Links/2009ITRS/2009Chapters_2009Tables/2009_Litho.pdf, Edition. Lithography; Albrecht, T., Hellwig, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M., Terris, B.D., Wu, X.Z., Bit patterned magnetic recording (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, , 1st ed.; Liu, J. P., Fullerton, E. E., Gutfleisch, O., Sellmyer, D., Eds.; Springer Verlag: New York; Cheng, J.Y., Jung, W., Ross, C.A., Magnetic nanostructures from block copolymer lithography: Hysteresis, thermal stability, and magnetoresistance (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 064417; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., Formation of a cobalt magnetic dot array via block copolymer lithography (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, p. 1174; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1949-1951. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Xiao, S.G., Yang, X.M., Park, S.J., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A novel approach to addressable 4 Teradot/in.(2) Patterned Media (2009) Adv. Mater., 21, p. 2516; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 Head/Media Systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Tang, C., Lennon, E.M., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Hawker, C.J., Evolution of block copolymer lithography to highly ordered square arrays (2008) Science, 322, pp. 429-432; Chuang, V.P., Gwyther, J., Mickiewicz, R.A., Manners, I., Ross, C.A., Templated self-assembly of square symmetry arrays from an abc triblock terpolymer (2009) Nano Lett., 9, pp. 4364-4369; Stoykovich, M.P., Kang, H., Daoulas, K.C., Liu, G., Liu, C.C., De Pablo, J.J., Mueller, M., Nealey, P.F., Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for nanolithography: Fabrication of isolated features and essential integrated circuit geometries (2007) ACS Nano, 1, pp. 168-175; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Materials Science: Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308 (5727), pp. 1442-1446. , DOI 10.1126/science.1111041; Kang, H., Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., Directed assembly of asymmetric ternary block copolymer-homopolymer blends using symmetric block copolymer into checkerboard trimming chemical pattern (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2495-2499; Kang, H.M., Kim, Y.J., Gopalan, P., Nealey, P.F., Control of the critical dimensions and line edge roughness with pre-organized block copolymer pixelated photoresists (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, pp. 2993-2997; Edwards, E.W., Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., Solak, H.H., Binary blends of diblock copolymers as an effective route to multiple length scales in perfect directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer thin films (2006) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24 (1), pp. 340-344. , DOI 10.1116/1.2151226; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Steiner, R., Derouchey, J., Stafford, C.M., Huang, E., Bal, M., Tuominen, M., Russell, T.P., Nanoscopic templates from oriented block copolymer films (2000) Adv. Mater., 12, pp. 787-791; Ruiz, R., Sandstrom, R.L., Black, C.T., Induced orientational order in symmetric diblock copolymer thin films (2007) Advanced Materials, 19 (4), pp. 587-591. , DOI 10.1002/adma.200600287},
correspondence_address1={Ruiz, R.; San Jose Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: ricardo.ruiz@hitachigst.com},
issn={19360851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lubarda2011,
author={Lubarda, M.V. and Li, S. and Livshitz, B. and Fullerton, E.E. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Antiferromagnetically coupled capped bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2011},
volume={98},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.3532839},
art_number={012513},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651342293&doi=10.1063%2f1.3532839&partnerID=40&md5=e5381f1b780b3a0fb9bfd7dac489c317},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={We report micromagnetic modeling of a bit patterned media where a two-dimensional array of patterned composite islands is antiferromagnetically coupled to a continuous capping layer. This media allows optimization of writability, switching field distributions, and readback response. Lateral and vertical exchange introduced through the coupling with the capping layer compensates the dipolar interactions between islands and antiferromagnetic coupling is employed to modulate the high-density readback response. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Antiferromagnetic coupling;  Bit-patterned media;  Capping layer;  Dipolar interaction;  High-density;  High-density magnetic recording;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Switching field distribution;  Two-dimensional arrays, Antiferromagnetism;  Magnetic recording, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024879; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, p. 149. , 0022-3727,. 10.1088/0022-3727/40/9/R01; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.1512946; Smith, C.E.D., Khizroev, S., Weller, D., Litvinov, D., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2411. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878397; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.2730744; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.1951053; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 12193. , 0556-2805,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, N.H., Inomata, A., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C121. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.3074781; Albrecht, T.R., Schabes, M.E., (2009), U.S. Patent No. 0169731; Goll, D., MacKe, S., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 152512. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3001589; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97, p. 082501. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3481668; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Dang, S., Sbiaa, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.3075565; Lomakin, V., Choi, R., Livshitz, B., Li, S., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 022502. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.2831732; A five-by-five array was found sufficient for the study; the dipolar contribution of the third nearest-neighbor-bits on the SFD was found to be insignificant; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919. , 0036-8075,. 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 193. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Moser, A., Berger, A., Margulies, D.T., Fullerton, E.E., (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, p. 097203. , 0031-9007,. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.097203},
correspondence_address1={Lubarda, M. V.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: malubard@ucsd.edu},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Ozatay2011561,
author={Ozatay, O. and Mather, P.G. and Thiele, J.-U. and Hauet, T. and Braganca, P.M.},
title={Spin-Based Data Storage},
journal={Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology},
year={2011},
volume={1-5},
pages={561-614},
doi={10.1016/B978-0-12-374396-1.00142-2},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901445570&doi=10.1016%2fB978-0-12-374396-1.00142-2&partnerID=40&md5=854eea762575f249547c7e5da59881ef},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States; Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey; Everspin Technologies, Chandler, AZ, United States; Seagate Recording Media Operations, Fremont, CA, United States; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={The utilization of spin degrees of freedom in mesoscopic systems finds variety of applications in nanoscale devices. The emerging memory applications of spin systems constitute a major class of studies in nanomagnetics research. Here, we introduce the fundamental driving force behind magnetic memory technologies such as nonvolatility, efficient power consumption, long-term reliability, scalability, and low cost in comparison to other solid-state memory technologies. More specifically, we discuss various emerging data storage technologies, including magnetic random access memory, hard-disk drive technologies (energy-assisted recording, bit-patterned media), and three-dimensional magnetic storage approaches such as race-track memory together with the nanofabrication challenges for future spin-based memory devices. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Giant magnetoresistance (GMR);  Hard-disk drive (HDD);  Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  Magnetic random access memory (MRAM);  Magnetic storage;  Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ);  Microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR);  Nanofabrication challenges;  Nanomagnetism;  Patterned media;  Race-track memory;  Spin transfer torque (STT);  Spin transport;  Spintronics;  Thermally assisted recording (TAR)},
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correspondence_address1={Ozatay, O.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, United States},
publisher={Elsevier Inc.},
isbn={9780123743909; 9780123743961},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Compr. Nanosci. and Technol.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Shen2011111,
author={Shen, S. and Liu, B. and Du, H.},
title={Recording density, contact induced stress and local deformation of bit patterned media},
journal={Physics Procedia},
year={2011},
volume={16},
pages={111-117},
doi={10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.116},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference, PMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 17 May 2011 Through 19 May 2011;  Conference Code:88503},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863175369&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2011.06.116&partnerID=40&md5=15d049f89f6b2e796d7b0a5e21a01aa0},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (A STAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue 50, Singapore 639798, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media are being considered as a promising approach for achieving multi-terabit per inch recording densities. The effects of different recording density of bit-patterned media of mechanical surface loading on deformation of elastic-plastic multi-layers are analyzed by using the finite element method. The thermal protrusion of a thermal flying height control (TFC) slider and the wave surface of an elastic-plastic thin film are chosen to perform a contact analysis at the head-disk interface (HDI). A two dimensional finite element model between head and patterned media is then developed. Two patterned media cases are investigated and presented in this paper. The evolution of deformation in multi-layer media due to mechanical surface loading is presented by maximum von Mises stress and contact pressure. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Elastic-plastic deformation;  Finite element analysis;  Head-disk interface;  Magnetic disk drives;  Patterned media},
keywords={Elastoplasticity;  Hard disk storage;  Interfaces (materials);  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nonvolatile storage;  Stress analysis, Bit-patterned media;  Elastic-plastic deformation;  Head disk interface;  Local deformations;  Magnetic disk drive;  Patterned medias;  Thermal flying height controls (TFC);  Thermal protrusion, Finite element method},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fundamental, E76-A (7), pp. 1161-1163; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (8-10), pp. 1023-1030. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0314-9, ASME-ISPS/JSME-IIP Joint conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2006; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) Journal of Tribology, 129 (4), pp. 712-719. , DOI 10.1115/1.2768069; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Direct simulation monte carlo method for the simulation for rarefied gas flow in discrete track head/disk interfaces (2009) ASME J. Tribol., 134, pp. 0120011-0120017; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Komvopoulos, K., Head-disk interface contact mechanics for ultrahigh density magnetic recording (2000) Wear, 238 (1), pp. 1-11. , DOI 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00333-6, PII S0043164899003336, Papers presented at the 2nd international colloquium on micro-tribology, Janowice, Poland, 15-18 September 1997; Kral, E.R., Komvopoulos, K., Bogy, D.B., Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of repeated indentation of a half-space by a rigid sphere (1993) J. Appl. Mech., 60 (4), pp. 829-841; King, R.B., Elastic Analysis of Some Punch Problems for a Layered Medium (1987) International Journal of Solids and Structures, 23 (12), pp. 1657-1664. , DOI 10.1016/0020-7683(87)90116-8; Komvopoulos, K., Finite Element Analysis of a Layered Elastic Solid in Normal Contact with a Rigid Surface (1988) Journal of Tribology, 110 (3), pp. 477-485; Komvopoulos, K., Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of indented layered media (1989) Journal of Tribology, 111 (3), pp. 430-439; Berthe, D., Vergne, Ph., An Elastic Approach to Rough Contact with Asperity Interactions (1987) Wear, 117 (2), pp. 211-222. , DOI 10.1016/0043-1648(87)90256-0; Komvopoulos, K., Choi, D.-H., Elastic finite element analysis of multi-asperity contacts (1992) Journal of Tribology, 114 (4), pp. 823-831; Gong, Z.-Q., Komvopoulos, K., Effect of surface patterning on contact deformation of elastic-plastic layered media (2003) Journal of Tribology, 125 (1), pp. 16-24. , DOI 10.1115/1.1501086; Yeo, C.D., Polycarpou, A.A., Elastic contact behavior of patterned media accounting for softer magnetic layer stack deformation (2007) EHDR INSIC Quarterly Meeting, , March 5-6; Yeo, C.D., Polycarpou, A.A., Parametric study to improve contact and wear performance of discrete track recording media (2007) EHDR INSIC Quarterly Meeting, , March 5-6; Yu, S.K., Liu, B., Hua, W., Zhou, W.D., Wong, C.H., Dynamics of fly-contact head disk interface (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3683-3686; Liu, B., Zhang, M.S., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Ma, Y.S., Zhou, W.D., Gonzaga, L., Man, Y.J., Lube-surfing recording and its feasibility exploration (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 899-904; Katta, R.R., Nunez, E.E., Polycarpou, A.A., Lee, S.C., Plane strain sliding contact of multilayer magnetic storage thin-films using the finite element method (2009) Microsyst. Technol., 15 (7), pp. 1097-1110; Shen, S.N., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Du, H.J., Mechanical performance study of pattern media-based head-disk systems (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (11), pp. 5002-5005},
correspondence_address1={Shen, S.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: shen_shengnan@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
sponsors={Comm. (Magn. Rec.) Japan Soc. Promot. Sci.; The Magnetics Society of Japan},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
address={Sendai},
issn={18753884},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Procedia},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kondo201148,
author={Kondo, Y. and Ariake, J. and Chiba, T. and Taguchi, K. and Suzuki, M. and Kawamura, N. and Honda, N.},
title={Investigation on the origin of switching field width in Co-Pt dot array},
journal={Physics Procedia},
year={2011},
volume={16},
pages={48-52},
doi={10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.106},
note={cited By 4; Conference of 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference, PMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 17 May 2011 Through 19 May 2011;  Conference Code:88503},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863121264&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2011.06.106&partnerID=40&md5=67bdff7161635514d6d4f955218ca9af},
affiliation={Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Research and Development Center, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita 010-1623, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan; Faculty of Engeneering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumi-cho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai 982-8577, Japan},
abstract={The switching field width (SFW) in bit-patterned media is one of the important factors affecting the recording performance. The origin of SFW in Co80Pt20 magnetic dot array patterned by electron beam lithography was investigated. The SFWs of dot arrays with a dot size of 29 nm and period of 40 ∼ 100 nm were measured from element-specific magnetic hysteresis curve based on x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The experimentally obtained SFWs suggested that the intrinsic SFW caused by the distribution in structural and magnetic properties of each dot is 1.2 kOe when additional magnetostatic interaction between the dots is assumed. Distribution in the dot size was investigated as one of the causes of the intrinsic SFW. However, it was estimated that a dot size distribution of 1 nm broadens the SFW by 0.14 kOe which is only about 12 % of the intrinsic SFW. Primary cause of the intrinsic SFW should be attributed to others. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot size distribution;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetostatic interaction;  Switching field width},
keywords={Dichroism;  Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetostatics;  Platinum;  Size distribution, Bit-patterned media;  Dot size;  Element specific magnetic hysteresis;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Recording performance;  Structural and magnetic properties;  Switching field;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, Magnetism},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No. 19760243) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. This work was partly supported by Green IT project of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development (NEDO), Japan. ESMH measurements were performed at BL39XU in SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2008B1819).},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3438; Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., (2009) Digest of Intermag 2009, , CP-03, Sacramento; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Kondo, Y., Chiba, T., Ariake, J., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Takagaki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., (2008) J. Magn. Magn, Mater., 320, p. 3157; Suzuki, M., Takagaki, M., Kondo, Y., Kawamura, N., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Mimura, H., Ishikawa In, T., Proceedings of the international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (2007) AIP Conference Series, 879, p. 1699; Ariake, J., Kondo, Y., Honda, N., (2010) Digest of 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, CY-11. , Washington DC; Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Kikuchi, N., Lodder, J.C., (2006) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 30, p. 100; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526; Kondo, Y., Chiba, T., Ariake, J., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Mohamad, Z.B., Honda, N., (2010) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 34, p. 484},
correspondence_address1={Kondo, Y.; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita 010-1623, Japan; email: kondo@rdc.pref.akita.jp},
sponsors={Comm. (Magn. Rec.) Japan Soc. Promot. Sci.; The Magnetics Society of Japan},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
address={Sendai},
issn={18753884},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Procedia},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nakamura201188,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field},
journal={Physics Procedia},
year={2011},
volume={16},
pages={88-93},
doi={10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.113},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference, PMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 17 May 2011 Through 19 May 2011;  Conference Code:88503},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856911236&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2011.06.113&partnerID=40&md5=17b83aa11b7cff9ac5b4483cb44977a7},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Institution for Collaborative Relations, Ehime University, 3, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahir, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={We evaluate the performance of the write-margin for the low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system in the bit-patterned media (BPM) R/W channel affected by the write-head field gradient, the media switching field distribution (SFD), the demagnetization field from adjacent islands and the island position deviation. It is clarified that the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in R/W channel using BPM at 3 Tbit/inch 2 has a write-margin of about 20%. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Iterative decoding;  LDPC code;  Write-error;  Write-margin},
keywords={Codes (symbols);  Demagnetization;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Satellite communication systems, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Demagnetization fields;  LDPC codes;  Low density parity check coding;  Switching field distribution;  Write head field gradients;  Write margin, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 21360188},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by Gant-in-Aid of the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan, and Gant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 21360188.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3423; Gallager, R.G., (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 8, p. 21; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10P108; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Kretzmer, K.R., (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 14, p. 67; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECO, p. 2694; Kschischang, F.R., Frey, B.J., Loeliger, H., (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47, p. 498},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 3, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
sponsors={Comm. (Magn. Rec.) Japan Soc. Promot. Sci.; The Magnetics Society of Japan},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
address={Sendai},
issn={18753884},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Procedia},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Honda20118,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K. and Komukai, T.},
title={Effect of inclination direction on recording performance of BPM with inclined anisotropy},
journal={Physics Procedia},
year={2011},
volume={16},
pages={8-14},
doi={10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.099},
note={cited By 3; Conference of 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference, PMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 17 May 2011 Through 19 May 2011;  Conference Code:88503},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856867533&doi=10.1016%2fj.phpro.2011.06.099&partnerID=40&md5=59a073b4f4e70252db40cda3d93dfc89},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; AIT, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Effect of inclination direction on the recording performance of bit-patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy was investigated by simulation. Magnetic dots with a size of 15×7.5×5 nm3 were arranged on a soft magnetic underlayer with an areal density of 2.6 Tdot/in2. Saturation magnetization of each dot was assumed to be 1000 emu/cm3. Media with three different inclination directions with an inclination angle of 30 degrees from the film normal, which were down-track inclined, cross-track inclined and cone-state, were investigated for the recording performance using a shielded planar head field. Although the three media exhibited almost the same remanence curve, obtained recording performance indicated different write shift margins. It was found that the write shift margin in the cross-track direction increased for the media with fixed inclined anisotropy axes, but the medium with the inclination direction in the cross-track direction exhibited larger shift margin than that of the down-track inclined medium when the anisotropy field dispersion was increased to 4 %, while increase in the write shift margin in the down-track direction was similar for down- and cross-track inclined media. The cause of the difference was primarily explained by the composite anisotropy of the elongated dot with the shape anisotropy in the cross-track direction. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Inclination direction;  Inclined magnetic anisotropy;  Write shift margin},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Saturation magnetization;  Tracking (position), Bit-patterned media;  Composite-anisotropy;  Down-track direction;  Inclination direction;  Recording performance;  Shielded planar head;  Soft magnetic underlayers;  Write shift margin, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Green IT Project of NEDO, and the Cultivation Research Project of Innovation Satellite Iwate, JST.},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1806-1808; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in2 patterned media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2195-2200},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Faculty of Engineering, , Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
sponsors={Comm. (Magn. Rec.) Japan Soc. Promot. Sci.; The Magnetics Society of Japan},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
address={Sendai},
issn={18753884},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Procedia},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Liu2011,
author={Liu, G. and Nealey, P.F. and Ruiz, R. and Dobisz, E. and Patel, K.C. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Fabrication of chevron patterns for patterned media with block copolymer directed assembly},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B:Nanotechnology and Microelectronics},
year={2011},
volume={29},
number={6},
doi={10.1116/1.3650697},
art_number={06F204},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84255168828&doi=10.1116%2f1.3650697&partnerID=40&md5=8d7b0e94e60133ba6d45de5e49669c0b},
affiliation={Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Advances in block copolymer directed assembly have highlighted the potential of block copolymer lithography to define patterned templates for magnetic recording bit patterned media (BPM). The naturally periodic features found in block copolymer films display superior size uniformity at ultrahigh densities, making them ideal lithographic masks to define the highly periodic data bits in the data sector of hard disk drives. In addition to the data bits, BPM architecture requires additional features to encode servo information. Because of the nature of the information stored in servo sectors, the geometry and shape of servo features differ from those in the data sectors, potentially compromising their compatibility with the features that can be naturally formed by block copolymers. The authors investigated the compatibility of a block copolymer directed assembly with the formation of complex chevron structures for sector header servo patterns within the framework of a BPM design that uses rectangular bits as the storage units. In order to ensure proper registration between the data tracks and the chevron patterns, the authors propose a design that employs lamellae-forming block copolymers assembled on chemical patterns with density multiplication into sets of lines that define both the data tracks and the servo features simultaneously. Due to the high free energy penalty associated with bending the lamellar domains, the block copolymer formed defective structures at the apex of the chevrons, as well as in the junction areas between chevrons and periodic horizontal lines. Adding stripes to the design of the chemical patterns near these complex areas prevented defects from propagating into the periodic line areas. In addition, the predictable defective structure offered flexibility for subsequent signal processing such as track identification and head position correction. © 2011 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Codes (symbols);  Design;  Hard disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal processing, Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer films;  Block copolymer lithography;  Chemical pattern;  Chevron structures;  Data bits;  Data tracks;  Defective structures;  Directed assembly;  Hard Disk Drive;  Head position;  Junction area;  Lamellar domain;  Lithographic mask;  Patterned medias;  Periodic lines;  Servo pattern;  Size uniformity;  Storage units;  Ultrahigh density, Periodic structures},
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Ed., 48, p. 3394. , 10.1002/anie.200805687; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bull., 33, p. 838. , 10.1557/mrs2008.179; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414. , DOI 10.1038/nature01775; Detcheverry, F.A., Liu, G.L., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., (2010) Macromolecules, 43, p. 3446. , 10.1021/ma902332h; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, p. 3155. , 10.1002/adma.200800826; Ruiz, R., Kang, H.M., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , 10.1126/science.1157626; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030. , 10.1126/science.1168108; Liu, G.L., Thomas, C.S., Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., (2010) Adv. 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Photonics, 4, p. 484. , 10.1038/nphoton.2010.90; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , 10.1063/1.3293301; Ruiz, R., Dobisz, E., Albrecht, T.R., (2011) ACS Nano, 5, p. 79. , 10.1021/nn101561p; Liu, G.L., Ji, S.X., Stuen, K.O., Craig, G.S.W., Nealey, P.F., Himpsel, F.J., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 3038. , 10.1116/1.3253607; Amundson, K., Helfand, E., Quan, X.N., Hudson, S.D., Smith, S.D., (1994) Macromolecules, 27, p. 6559. , 10.1021/ma00100a047; Hahm, J., Sibener, S.J., Time-resolved atomic force microscopy imaging studies of asymmetric PS-b-PMMA ultrathin films: Dislocation and disclination transformations, defect mobility, and evolution of nanoscale morphology (2001) Journal of Chemical Physics, 114 (10), pp. 4730-4740. , DOI 10.1063/1.1342239; Harrison, C., Cheng, Z., Sethuraman, S., Huse, D.A., Chaikin, P.M., Vega, D.A., Sebastian, J.M., Adamson, D.H., Dynamics of pattern coarsening in a two-dimensional smectic system (2002) Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 66 (1), pp. 011706/1-011706/27. , http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype= pdf&id=PLEEE8000066000001011706000001&idtype=cvips, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.011706, 011706; Harrison, C., Adamson, D.H., Cheng, Z.D., Sebastian, J.M., Sethuraman, S., Huse, D.A., Register, R.A., Chaikin, P.M., (2000) Science, 290, p. 1558. , 10.1126/science.290.5496.1558; Liu, G.L., (2010) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 28, pp. 6B13. , 10.1116/1.3518918; Liu, G.L., Kang, H.M., Craig, G.S.W., Detcheverry, F., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Tada, Y., Yoshida, H., (2010) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 23, p. 149. , 10.2494/photopolymer.23.149},
correspondence_address1={Liu, G.; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States},
publisher={AVS Science and Technology Society},
issn={21662746},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. Nanotechnol. microelectron.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chang20112551,
author={Chang, W. and Cruz, J.R.},
title={Intertrack interference mitigation on staggered bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2551-2554},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2151839},
art_number={6027732},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053558277&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2151839&partnerID=40&md5=22c319c847da66c2a2249dcc714ef1be},
affiliation={University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States; Read Channel Architecture, LSI Corporation, Milpitas, CA 95035, United States},
abstract={One of the possible island distributions being considered for bit-patterned magnetic recording is a hexagonal array, leading to what is called staggered bit-patterned media. In this paper, we investigate the equalization techniques and bit error rate (BER) performance for two different recording methods on staggered media-namely, one array per track or single-track staggered media and two arrays per track or double-track staggered media. With single-track equalization, recording a track on two arrays may reduce intertrack interference (ITI) and outperform the single array per track recording. However, a new multitrack detection technique proposed recently can substantially mitigate ITI and dramatically change the BER performance of the two recording methods. Our investigation shows that by using this technique, the single-track staggered media can have better BER performance than double-track staggered media, even at very high areal densities. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR);  hexagonal array;  intertrack interference;  multitrack detection;  staggered media},
keywords={Equalizers;  Magnetic recording, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Equalization techniques;  Hexagonal arrays;  Inter-track interferences;  Island distributions;  Multi-track detections;  staggered media, Bit error rate},
references={Min, D.-K., Oh, H.-S., Yoo, I.-K., New data detection method for a HDD with patterned media (2008) Proc. IEEE Sensors, pp. 1064-1067. , Lecce, Italy; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write error (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3753-3756. , Oct; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal processing for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 730-735. , Feb; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, Scotland; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detector (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal processing for bit-patterned media channels with inter-track interference, , Ph.D. dissertation Dept. Elect. Eng. Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA},
correspondence_address1={Cruz, J.R.; University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States; email: jcruz@ou.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mita20113316,
author={Mita, S. and Van, V.T. and Haga, F.},
title={Reduction of bit errors due to intertrack interference using LLRs of neighboring tracks},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={3316-3319},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2153834},
art_number={6028085},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053556976&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2153834&partnerID=40&md5=cbfdca33b4edf7d2a99f544a5dbf271d},
affiliation={Toyota Technological Institute, Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan},
abstract={Suppressing intertrack interference (ITI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) is crucial for achieving high-density magnetic recording beyond 10 Tera bits/inch2. We propose a novel iterative method for reducing errors caused by ITI and ISI involving the adaptive estimation of ITI and the log likelihood ratios obtained from signals of neighboring tracks. This method is useful for decoding signals recorded by bit-patterned media and conventional media. Moreover, the method is extended to decode signals from the Voronoi-based discrete grain model for shingled write recording (SWR), accounting for four neighboring bits. Bit errors due to both neighboring track shifts of approximately 20% can be canceled for BPM and SWR. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  intertrack interference (ITI);  LDPC codes;  multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO);  partial response;  shingled write recording},
keywords={Decoding;  Errors;  Intersymbol interference;  Turbo codes, Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interferences;  LDPC codes;  Multiple input and multiple outputs;  Partial response;  shingled write recording, Iterative methods},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 21560418},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, RSF},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Scientific Research KAKENHI (21560418), the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), and the NEDO project.},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Chan, K.S., Miles, J.J., Hwang, E., VijayaKumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.G., Lin, W.C., Negi, R., TDMR platform simulation and experiments (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3837-3843. , Oct; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Kavcic, A., Ryan, W., Erden, F., Two-dimensional magnetic recording: Read channel modeling and detection (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3830-3836. , Oct; Krishnan, A.R., Radhakrishnan, R., Vasic, B., Read channel modeling for detection in two-dimensional magnetic recording systems (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3679-3682. , Oct; Mita, S., Reduction of bit error rate due to inter track interference by iterative use of its estimation and log likelihood ratios of neighboring tracks (2009) IEICE, Tech. Rep. MR2009-42, pp. 35-42. , Dec; Ozaki, K., Okamoto, Y., Nakmura, N., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., ITI canceller for reading shingle-recorded tracks (2010) Proc. PMRC, pp. 158-159. , Sendai, May; Fujii, M., Shinohara, N., (2010) Multi-Track Iterative ITI Canceller for Shingled Write Recording IEICE, pp. 15-22. , Tech. Rep. MR2010-44, Dec},
correspondence_address1={Mita, S.; Toyota Technological Institute, Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan; email: smita@toyota-ti.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shao20112559,
author={Shao, X. and Alink, L. and Groenland, J.P.J. and Abelmann, L. and Slump, C.H.},
title={A simple two-dimensional coding scheme for bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2559-2562},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157668},
art_number={6027847},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053554573&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2157668&partnerID=40&md5=3b1f321f0b1bd4ba234268e1951496dd},
affiliation={Signals and Systems Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Transducers Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands},
abstract={This paper presents a simple code to combat the two-dimensional inter-symbol interference (2D-ISI) effect that is present in data storage on magnetic bit patterned media. Whether the ISI effect is constructive or destructive depends on the surrounding bits. Therefore, we propose a simple 2D coding scheme to mitigate the ISI effect. With this 2D coding scheme in square patterned media, every 2-by-3 array has one redundant bit which has the opposite or same value of one of its adjacent bits. Compared to the 2D coding scheme in under the condition of the same areal density, the proposed 2D coding scheme increases the allowable bit-position jitter in square patterned media by 1% at a BER of 10-4; while it allows the effective storage capacity to be increased by around 5.5%. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2D coding;  2D-ISI;  BER;  bit-patterned media;  bit-position;  jitter factor;  magnetism;  probe storage},
keywords={Digital storage;  Jitter;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism, 2D coding;  2D-ISI;  Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic bit patterned medias;  Patterned medias;  Probe storage;  Storage capacity;  Two-dimensional coding, Intersymbol interference},
funding_details={Ministerie van Economische ZakenMinisterie van Economische Zaken, EZ},
funding_details={Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO},
funding_details={Stichting voor de Technische WetenschappenStichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen, STW},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, applied science division of NWO and the technology program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.},
references={Groenland, J.P.J., Abelmann, L., Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2307-2309; Abelmann, L., Van Den Bos, A.G., Lodder, J.C., Magnetic force microscopy-Towards higher resolution (2005) Magnetic Microscopy of Nanostructures, pp. 253-283. , ser. NanoScience and Technology, H. Hopster and H. P. Oepen, Eds. Berlin: Springer Verlag; White, R., Newt, R., Pease, R., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 and up for magnetic recording? (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Terris, B., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Thomson, T., Abelmann, L., Groenland, J.P.J., Magnetic data storage: Past, present and future (2007) Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology, pp. 237-306. , ser. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series Subseries: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, B. Azzerboni, G. Asti, L. Pareti, and M. Ghidini, Eds. Berlin: Springer Verlag; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (2002) CompEuro' 89, 'VLSI and Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and their Interconnection Networks', p. 1; Wu, Z., Cioffi, J., Low-complexity iterative decoding with decisionaided equalization for magnetic recording channels (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 19 (4), pp. 699-708; Aziz, M., Wright, C., Middleton, B., Du, H., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966},
correspondence_address1={Shao, X.; Signals and Systems Group, , 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; email: x.shao@utwente.nl},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang20112555,
author={Zhang, S. and Cai, K. and Lin-Yu, M. and Zhang, J. and Qin, Z. and Teo, K.K. and Wong, W.E. and Ong, E.T.},
title={Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2555-2558},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2155628},
art_number={6028267},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053545645&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2155628&partnerID=40&md5=9dace2367acf3a092d5cde2c8d0fbeff},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138632 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Synchronous writing in BPMR has been recognized as a crucial yet challenging issue. It has been shown that position jitter and switching field distribution can lead to spatially uncorrelated random write failures. On top of that, the spindle speed variation and other mechanical vibration may lead to accumulative phase drift during writing which causes long streams of insertion/deletion write failures. However no experiments have been conducted to quantitatively testify the later concept, nor provide precise written-in error characteristics when both phenomena are present in BPMR systems. This gap of understanding is filled by this work through spinstand and hard disk measurements and analysis. It is shown that timing inaccuracy not only introduces insertion/deletion write failures but also given rise to substantial increase of substitution (random) write errors. It also reveals that instead of the commonly accused spindle motor speed variation, timing error in BPMR based HDD may well be the result of estimation error due to limited or improperly configured timing preambles. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned-media;  magnetic recording;  timing recovery;  written-in error},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Timing circuits;  Vibrations (mechanical), Bit-patterned media;  Estimation errors;  Position jitter;  Spindle motors;  Switching field distribution;  Timing errors;  Timing Recovery;  Written-in errors, Random errors},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: Viable route to 50Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1 PART. 2), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Zhang, S., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z., Foo, S.M., Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Ng, Y., KumarK, B.V.K.V., Cai, K., Nabavi, S., Chong, T.C., Picketshift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2268-2271. , Jun; Cai, K., Qin, Z., Zhang, S., Ng, Y., Chai, K.S., Rathnakumar, R., Modeling, detection and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording IEEE GLOBELCOM 2010, pp. 1910-1914},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, S.; Data Storage Institute, , 138632 Singapore, Singapore; email: zhang_songhua@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chang20112548,
author={Chang, L. and Vande Veerdonk, R. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy analysis of bit patterned media playback},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2548-2550},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2153836},
art_number={6027565},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053527103&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2153836&partnerID=40&md5=38ddcc34f5cbeb63cbe2f5e637b5a2a0},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77584, United States; Seagate Technology LLC, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; Department of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States},
abstract={A scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM) was used to enable recording experiments on bit patterned media prototypes not yet suitable for spin-stand evaluation. The SMRM generates a 2D playback response of the media by dragging a recording head across the sample using a piezoelectric nanopositioner. A large-scale parameter optimization technique is applied to extract relevant parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse width, and pulse position from the 2D playback response. The parameters were analyzed to learn that the pulse response of our recording head cannot be accurately modeled as a Gaussian function. The error in the optimized parameters is dominated by intertrack interference and to a lesser extent measurement resolution and thermal drift. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  metrology;  patterned media},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Measurement;  Recording instruments, Bit-patterned media;  Gaussian functions;  Inter-track interferences;  Measurement resolution;  Optimized parameter;  Patterned medias;  Pulse positions;  Scale parameter, Magnetoresistance},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance on patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy (1996) Applied Physics Letter, 69 (21), pp. 3263-3265; Svedberg, E.B., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Magnetic force miscrocopy study of perpendicular media: Signal-to-noise determination and transition noise analysis (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (8), pp. 5365-5370; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3526; Shewchuk, J.R., (1994) An Introduction to the Conjugate Gradient Method Without the Agonizing Pain; Hough, V.C., (1962) US 3069654; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Norwell, MA: Academic Press, ch. 6},
correspondence_address1={Chang, L.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX 77584, United States; email: reinchang@sbcglobal.net},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20113566,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Bandai, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={A study on nonbinary LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={3566-3569},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2147766},
art_number={6028104},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053521332&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2147766&partnerID=40&md5=01b4063a9d5fa541fde70da4039667b2},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Institution for Collaborative Relations, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, the iterative decoding system using the nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is studied in the magnetic recording system using a bit-patterned media (BPM) R/W channel affected by the write head field gradient, the media switching field distribution (SFD), the demagnetization field from adjacent dots, and the dot position deviation in an areal recording density of 2 Tb/in2. The performance of iterative decoding system using the nonbinary LDPC code over Galois field of GF(28) is evaluated by the computer simulation, and it is compared with the conventional iterative decoding system using the binary LDPC code. The results show that the nonbinary LDPC system provides better performance compared with the binary LDPC system. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  iterative decoding;  nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) code},
keywords={Forward error correction, Areal recording density;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Demagnetization fields;  Magnetic recording systems;  Non-binary LDPC codes;  Nonbinary low-density paritycheck codes (LDPC);  Switching field distribution;  Write head field gradients, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 21360188},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, SRC},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 21360188.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D., Low-density parity-check codes over GF (1998) IEEE Commun. Lett., 2 (6), pp. 165-167. , Jun; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-2429. , Nov; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Performance evaluation of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in BPM R/W channel affected by head field gradient, media SFD and demagnetization field (2010) Dig. 9th Perpendicular Magn. Record. Conf., pp. 168-169. , Sendai, May; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Iterative decoding using attenuated extrinsic information form sum-product decoder for PMR channel with patterned medium (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2277-2279. , Jun; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97 (10), pp. 10P1081-10P1083. , May; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., vol. COM-14, (1), pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 2694-2699; Wymeersch, H., Steendam, H., Moeneclaey, M., Log-domain decoding of LDPC codes over GF (2004) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 772-776. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi20112536,
author={Choi, C. and Noh, K. and Oh, Y. and Kuru, C. and Hong, D. and Villwock, D. and Chen, L.-H. and Jin, S.},
title={Diameter-reduced islands for nanofabrication toward bit patterned magnetic media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2536-2539},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2151254},
art_number={6027680},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053520898&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2151254&partnerID=40&md5=b216eb588ba521983b389da17ecfefc0},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA 95138, United States},
abstract={Thin films deposited on a flat substrate, if the adhesion is not strong, can be made to ball up and form discrete islands upon heating to elevated temperatures due to the surface energy difference. We have applied this useful process to electron beam lithography (EBL) and nano-imprinting lithography (NIL). By combining the ball-up processes of Ni thin film with e-beam lithography followed by reactive ion etching, Si nano islands and vertical nanopillars as small as 10 nm in diameter have been realized. There is a strong correlation between the initial thickness of Ni mask layer and final Ni island diameter obtained after ball-up. The smallest island diameter is obtained using ∼ 5-nm initial Ni layer thickness. Below 3-nm initial layer thickness, the intended ball-up reaction does not occur. With more than ∼ 15-nm initial metal film thickness, the Ni layer is broken up into nonspherical and highly irregular structures. [Co/Pd]n multilayer magnetic thin films deposited on prepatterned substrate by nano imprinting lithography with versus without island ball-up process have been investigated for bit patterned media studies. The coercivity of magnetic islands can be enhanced by island diameter reduction using the ball up process. © 2011 IEEE.},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic thin films;  Magnetism;  Multilayer films, Bit-patterned media;  e-Beam lithography;  Elevated temperature;  Initial thickness;  Irregular structures;  Patterned magnetic media;  Strong correlation;  Surface energy differences, Film preparation},
funding_details={R33-2008-000-10025-0},
funding_details={Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing InnovationDivision of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation, CMMI, 0856674},
funding_details={University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San Diego, UCSD},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the NSF-Nanomanu-facturing Division (CMMI #0856674), in part by the CMRR (Center for Magnetic Recording Research) at UC San Diego, in part by the National Research Foundation (NRF) grant through World Class University Program (R33-2008-000-10025-0), and in part by the Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology (CNMT) Grant Frontier R&D Program.},
references={Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; Weller, D., Moser, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., Patterned media fabricated by lithography and argon-ion milling (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 2516-2518; Ariga, K., Hill, J.P., Lee, M.V., Vinu, A., Charvet, R., Acharya, Challenges and breakthrough in recent research on self-assembly (2008) S. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 9, p. 014109; Guo, L.J., Recent progress in nanoimprint technology and its applications (2004) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 37 (11), pp. R123; Lin, G.P., Kuo, P.C., Huang, K.T., Shen, C.L., Tsai, T.L., Lin, Y.H., Wu, M.S., Self-assembled nano-size FePt islands for ultra-high density magnetic recording media (2010) Thin Solid Films, 518, p. 2167; Choi, C., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Noh, K., Kim, J.Y., Chen, L., Liou, S.-H., Jin, S., Enhanced magnetic properties of bit patterned magnetic recording media by trench-filled nanostructure (2010) Electron. Mater. Lett., 6 (3), p. 113},
correspondence_address1={Jin, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: jin@ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myo20112660,
author={Myo, K.S. and Zhou, W. and Yu, S. and Hua, W.},
title={Direct Monte Carlo simulations of air bearing characteristics on patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2660-2663},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2159965},
art_number={6028100},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053516087&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2159965&partnerID=40&md5=f9ed9af524a9474250e2121f0bcd645e},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (ASTAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117608 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In patterned media recordings such as discrete track and bit-patterned media (BPM) recordings, the presence of pattern structures on the media surface causes the slider air bearing problems more complicated to be analyzed and studied. Using the 3-D direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the plain slider surface and bit/discrete track-patterned disk surface are designed for case studies in this paper. This paper reports the local bearing pressure variations acted on the slider surface due to the air bearing effects of pattern structures on the disk surface using the DSMC method. From the results obtained under the steady-state condition, it is observed that the bearing pressure profiles will be smoother and the bearing forces will approach to a stable value when the pattern pitch values are smaller than 0.4 μm. This critical pitch value is close to 0.3 μm that we reported previously based on modified Reynolds equations. We also investigate the effects of the pattern depth and total recess area ratio on the air bearing characteristics in BPM recording. Furthermore, in order to understand the effect of bit-pattern movements, we simulate the motion of bit-pattern structures by using four typical moving bit-pattern layouts. As of the outcomes, we can conclude that this effect could be negligible if the bit size is in several tens of nanometer scale. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Air bearing;  direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC);  head-disk interface;  magnetic recording;  patterned media},
keywords={Gas bearings;  Magnetic recording;  Textile printing, Air bearing;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Direct monte carlo simulations;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Head disk interface;  Modified Reynolds equation;  Patterned medias, Monte Carlo methods},
references={Bertram, N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3656-3662. , Nov; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete- track media (2007) Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 129, pp. 712-719; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track recording head/disk Interfaces (2009) Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 131, p. 012001; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol. Lett., 33 (3), pp. 199-204; Murthy, A.N., Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned media (2010) Tribol. Lett., 38, pp. 47-55; Bird, G.A., (1994) Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, , Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon; Zhou, W.D., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Hua, W., Rarefied-gas heat transfer in micro- and nanoscale Couette flows (2010) Phys. Rev. E, 81, p. 011204; Huang, W., Bogy, D., Garcia, A.L., Three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method for slider air bearing (1997) Phys. Fluids, 9 (6), pp. 1764-1769; Hua, W., Liu, B., Yu, S.K., Zhou, W.D., Myo, K.S., Air bearing features on patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published},
correspondence_address1={Myo, K.S.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: myo_kyaw_sett@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moneck20112656,
author={Moneck, M.T. and Okada, T. and Fujimori, J. and Kasuya, T. and Katsumura, M. and Iida, T. and Kuriyama, K. and Lin, W.-C. and Sokalski, V. and Powell, S. and Bain, J.A. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Fabrication and recording of bit patterned media prepared by rotary stage electron beam lithography},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2656-2659},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157671},
art_number={6028093},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053511037&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2157671&partnerID=40&md5=e75ca4a39cfb1f77f264048223631629},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Pioneer Corporation, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama-ken 359-1167, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a promising technology for hard disk drive recording at ultra-high areal densities of 1 Tbit/in2 and beyond. However, for BPM to be commercially viable, nanoscale bit patterns must be fabricated at low cost on a large scale and with low defect densities. The most likely route to realizing such criteria is through the use of high throughput nanoimprint lithography followed by direct etching of the recording media, where the bit pattern template is generated by highly accurate electron beam mastering tools. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the merits of rotary stage electron beam mastering and the subsequent effects of direct pattern transfer on BPM and servo arrays patterned into 2.5″ commercially available CoCrPt perpendicular recording media (PRM) at a density of 366 Gbit/in2. The 42 nm pitch staggered bit patterns and corresponding servo arrays were lithographically generated by a Pioneer Corporation EBR-401 rotary stage electron beam mastering system and subsequently transferred into the media using a series of reactive ion etching and ion milling processes with C/SiNx mask structures and a novel Al protection layer. The fabricated media was recorded and read back with a commercial recording head to verify pattern fidelity. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  electron beam lithography;  ion milling;  patterned servo},
keywords={Chromium alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Costs;  Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Electrons;  Fabrication;  Ions;  Milling (machining);  Nanoimprint lithography;  Platinum alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Electron beam mastering;  Ion milling;  Low defect densities;  Pattern transfers;  Perpendicular recording media;  Protection layers, Optical disk storage},
references={Richter, H., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 467-476. , Mar; Dobisz, E.A., Bandić, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846. , Nov; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517. , Mar; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , Nov./Dec; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 Tdot/in nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610. , Nov./Dec; Kitahara, H., Uno, Y., Suzuki, H., Kobayashi, T., Tanaka, H., Kojima, Y., Kobayashi, M., Iida, T., Electron beam recorder for patterned media mastering (2010) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49, pp. 06GE0219. , June; Mileham, J.R., Pearton, S.J., Abernathy, C.R., MacKenzie, J.D., Shul, R.J., Kilcoyne, S.P., Wet chemical etching of AlN (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, pp. 1119-1121. , Aug; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J., Che, X., Tang, Y., Lee, H.J., Moon, K., Takahashi, N., Fabrication of flyable perpendicular discrete track media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2127-2129. , June; Che, X., Moon, K.-S., Tang, Y., Kim, N.-Y., Hong, S.-Y., Lee, H.J., Moneck, M., Takahashi, N., Study of lithographically defined data track and servo patterns (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (12), pp. 4106-4112. , Dec; Zhou, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Tang, Y.-S., Guan, L., Perpendicular writehead remanence characterization using a contact scanning recording tester (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N903},
correspondence_address1={Moneck, M.T.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: mmoneck@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dong20112652,
author={Dong, Y. and Victora, R.H.},
title={Micromagnetic specification for bit patterned recording at 4 Tbit/in 2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2652-2655},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2148112},
art_number={6028181},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053504818&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2148112&partnerID=40&md5=e2144271522783921b00a85f601ae668},
affiliation={Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States},
abstract={Micromagnetic specifications including 2.3:1 BAR bit patterned ECC media, trailing shield, and side shields are proposed to meet the requirement of 3 × 10- 4 bit error rate, 4 nm fly height, 5% switching field distribution, 5% timing, and 5% jitter errors for 4 Tbit/in2 bit patterned recording. Demagnetizing field distribution is examined by studying the shielding effect of the side shields on the stray field from the neighboring dots. It is shown that, as the fly height is increased to 5 nm, head field and field gradient degradation will require a larger BAR (2.7:1) and a larger bit error rate to achieve the same areal density. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit error rate;  bit patterned media;  exchange coupled composite (ECC) media;  micromagnetic simulation},
keywords={Errors;  Magnetic disk storage;  Specifications, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Demagnetizing field;  Exchange coupled composite media;  Field gradient;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Shielding effect;  Switching field distribution, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Association of Science-Technology CentersAssociation of Science-Technology Centers, ASTC},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the INSIC leadership team for valuable discussions. This work was supported by INSIC EHDR and IDEMA/ASTC.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording in bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Shen, X., Hernandez, S., Victora, R.H., Feasibility of recording 1 Tb/in areal density (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 163-168. , Jan; Shen, X., Kapoor, M., Field, R., Victora, R.H., Issues in recording exchange coupled composite media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (2), pp. 676-681. , Feb; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thomson, T., Terris, D., Recording performance on high-density patterned perpendicular media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 3409-3411. , May; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Victora, R.H.; Center for Micromagnetics and Information Technologies, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: victora@ece.umn.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalezhi20112540,
author={Kalezhi, J. and Miles, J.J.},
title={An energy barrier model for write errors in exchange-spring patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2540-2543},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157993},
art_number={6027691},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053498586&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2157993&partnerID=40&md5=9ddd0be857ad7b173d86c06ff7486c17},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM), in which the medium is patterned into nanometer-sized magnetic islands and each island stores one bit, offers the potential for improved thermal stability. In order to study the write-error rates of systems using BPM, a model that calculates the energy barrier of a single island in exchange-spring or exchange-coupled composite (ECC) BPM, has been developed. The model has been shown to agree well with micromagnetic simulations. A study of energy barriers showed that ECC islands can be designed to retain a greater energy barrier in the presence of an applied field than single layer islands. This indicates that such ECC islands will be less prone to thermally activated adjacent track erasure (ATE) than single layer islands. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Adjacent track erasure (ATE);  bit-patterned media (BPM);  energy barrier;  exchange-coupled composite (ECC);  exchange-coupled composite media;  exchange-spring media},
keywords={Springs (components), Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Exchange coupled;  Exchange coupled composite media;  Exchange spring media, Energy barriers},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={The authors are grateful to Simon Greaves for valuable discussions and for providing the head fields. This work was supported by EPSRC (PhD+) and by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR Program.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on BPM at densities of 1 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Full micromagnetics of recording on patterned media (2006) Physica B: Cond. Mat., 372, pp. 312-315. , Feb; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 320, pp. 2880-2884. , Nov; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y.Y., Muraoka, H., System modelling of bit patterned media (2010) Presented at the INSIC Meeting, , May; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Analysis of recording in bit patterned media with parameter distributions (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111-3. , Mar; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.H., Lomakin, V., Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3519-3522. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 3752-3759. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Analysis of write-head synchronization and adjacent track erasure in bit patterned media using a statistical model J. Appl. Phys., , accepted for publication; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Bertram, H.N., Lengsfield, B., Energy barriers in composite media grains (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2145-2147. , Jun; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Kalezhi, J.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: kalezhij@cs.man.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Phakphisut20113562,
author={Phakphisut, W. and Supnithi, P. and Sopon, T. and Myint, L.M.M.},
title={Serial belief propagation for the high-rate LDPC decoders and performances in the bit patterned media systems with media noise},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={3562-3565},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2155049},
art_number={6028143},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053483067&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2155049&partnerID=40&md5=2e0d1a471d5c0b4d4acc2d99a5cec0e0},
affiliation={Telecommunications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; School of Technology, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand},
abstract={In this work, we propose to use the serial belief propagation or serial scheduling in the 2-D bit patterned media (BPM) system with media noise. The serial scheduling methods are applied to the random LDPC codes and quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) codes of high code rates. Both are constructed from the progress-edge growth (PEG) algorithm. We compare the performance of the LDPC codes using the serial belief propagation and the conventional belief propagation (BP) decoding. The simulation results show that the serial scheduling provides a faster convergence speed and a better bit error rate performance than the conventional BP in an AWGN channel. The serial belief propagation is also shown to offer the performance gains over the BP decoding for the BPM system with various media noise levels. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={belief propagation;  bit patterned media;  layered belief propagation;  Low-density parity-check codes},
keywords={Backpropagation;  Decoding;  Scheduling;  Signal encoding, Belief propagation;  Belief propagation decoding;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Layered belief propagation;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC), Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Science and Technology Development Agency, สวทช, DSTAR-R&D 02-05-53},
funding_details={King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL},
funding_details={National Electronics and Computer Technology CenterNational Electronics and Computer Technology Center, NECTEC},
funding_text 1={This work is supported in part by College of Data Storage Innovation, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang and National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand, under contract DSTAR-R&D 02-05-53.},
references={MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes (1996) Electron. Lett., 32, p. 1645; Lei, C., Near-Shannon-limit quasi-cyclic low-density paritycheck codes (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun., 52, pp. 1038-1042; Hu, X.Y., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth Tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 51, pp. 386-398; Zongwang, L., Kumar, B.V.K., A class of good quasi-cyclic low-density parity check codes based on progressive edge growth graph (2004) Proc. 38th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. Comput., pp. 1990-1994; Xingcheng, L., Construction of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes and the performance on the PR4-equalized MRC channel (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3699-3702; Hocevar, D.E., Areduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes (2004) Proc. IEEE Workshop Signal Process. Syst. (SIPS), pp. 107-112; Yeo, E., High throughput low-density parity-check decoder architectures (2001) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 5, pp. 3019-3024; Mansour, M.M., Shanbhag, N.R., High-throughput LDPC decoders (2003) IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., pp. 976-996; Kfir, H., Kanter, I., Parallel versus sequential updating for belief propagation decoding (2003) Physica A, 330, pp. 259-270; Juntan, Z., Fossorier, M., Shuffled belief propagation decoding (2002) Proc. 36th Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. Comput., pp. 8-15; White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Nabavi, S., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., p. 3789; Nabavi, S., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3523-3526; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254; Chang, W., Cruz, J.R., Inter-track interference mitigation for bitpatterned magnetic recording (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 3899-3908. , Nov; Kim, J., Lee, J., Iterative two-dimensional soft-output Viterbi algorithm for patterned media (2011) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (11), pp. 594-597. , Feb; Tanner, R., A recursive approach to low complexity codes (1981) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 27, pp. 533-547; Guilloud, F., Generic description and synthesis of LDPC decoders (2007) IEEE Trans. Commun., 55, pp. 2084-2091},
correspondence_address1={Supnithi, P.; Telecommunications Engineering Department, , Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: ksupornc@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20112544,
author={Honda, N. and Honda, A.},
title={Deposition of inclined orientation film using collimated sputtering},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2544-2547},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157904},
art_number={6027652},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053475749&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2157904&partnerID=40&md5=ba8c798286967bcfdbc7318341ae5132},
affiliation={Department of Electronics and Intelligent System, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan},
abstract={Aiming at realization of inclined anisotropy film for high density bit patterned media, collimated sputtering was investigated for stacked films. Using an appropriate collimator diameter with oblique incidence at 60°, deflection angle of as large as 8 degrees was obtained for Co-Cr films deposited on a Ta/Pt/Ru underlayer. The angle may be increased and even a relatively small angle of around 10° is expected to increase the write shift margins of BPM. Collimated sputtering was confirmed to be useful to deposit inclined orientation films. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  collimated sputtering;  inclined anisotropy;  oblique incidence},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Binary alloys;  Chromium alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Ruthenium alloys;  Tantalum alloys, Anisotropy film;  Bit-patterned media;  Collimated sputtering;  CR film;  Deflection angles;  Oblique incidence;  Stacked film;  Underlayers, Sputtering},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Drs. J. Ariake and K. Shintaku of AIT, Akita Prefectural R & D Center for their stimulative discussions. This work was supported in part by the Green IT Project of NEDO.},
references={Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 2822-2827; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., Mircomagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in patterned media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2195-2200; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441. , Nov; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1806-1808. , Jun; Ishida, T., Tohma, K., Yoshida, H., Shinohara, K., More than 1 Gb/in recording on obliquely oriented thin film tape (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 183-1888. , Jan; Zheng, Y.F., Wang, J.P., Control of the tilted orientation of CoCrPt/Ti thin film media by collimated sputtering (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 8007-8009; Gao, K., Bertram, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in and data rates beyond 1 Gb/s (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (6), pp. 3675-3683. , Nov; Rodríguez-Navarro, A., Otano-Rivera, W., Pilione, L.J., Messier, R., García-Rui, J.M., Control of the preferred orientation of AlN thin films by collimated sputtering (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 16, pp. 1244-1246},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Department of Electronics and Intelligent System, , Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi20112532,
author={Choi, C. and Noh, K. and Oh, Y. and Kuru, C. and Hong, D. and Chen, L.-H. and Liou, S.-H. and Seong, T.-Y. and Jin, S.},
title={Fabrication and magnetic properties of nonmagnetic ion implanted magnetic recording films for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2532-2535},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2158197},
art_number={6027682},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053473789&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2158197&partnerID=40&md5=187c352dc606e791cc02be45b89a1859},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Western Digital Corporations, San Jose, CA 95138, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul136-701, South Korea},
abstract={We have investigated the magnetic M-H loop characteristics of CoCrPt-SiO2 perpendicular recording media as influenced by nonmagnetic ion implantations. We have also developed patterned media via ion implantation using a convenient polymer nanomask approach for local control of coercivity of magnetically hard [Co/Pd]n multilayer film with a [Co 0.3 nm Pd 0.8 nm]8/Pd 3 nm/Ta 3 nm layer structure. The CoCrPt-SiO2 magnetic layer having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is sputter deposited on a flat substrate. The [Co/Pd]n multilayer film with vertical magnetic anisotropy is deposited and the regions corresponding to the magnetic recording bit islands are coated with polymer islands using a nanoimprinting technique. Subsequent ion implantation allows patterned penetration of implanted ions into the [Co/Pd]n multilayer film, thus creating magnetically isolated bit island geometry while maintaining the overall flat geometry of the patterned media. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Ion implantation;  nanolithography;  perpendicular magnetic recording},
keywords={Chromium compounds;  Ion implantation;  Ions;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Multilayer films;  Multilayers;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanolithography;  Platinum compounds;  Silica;  Silicon;  Tantalum compounds, Bit-patterned media;  Flat substrates;  Layer structures;  Magnetic layers;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Perpendicular recording media, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={CMMI #0856674, R33-2008-000-10025-0},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by National Science Foundation Nanomanufacturing Division under Grant CMMI #0856674, Center for Magnetic Recording Research at UC San Diego, National Research Foundation grant through World Class University Program (R33-2008-000-10025-0), and Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology Grant Frontier R&D Program.},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , Nov; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys D: Appl. Phys., 38 (12), pp. R199; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Pease, R.F., Chou, S.Y., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (2), pp. 248-270. , Feb; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan; Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Yasui, K., Nishio, K., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, H., Itoh, K., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3226-3228. , Oct; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homme, T., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3104; Choi, C., Yoon, Y., Hong, D., Oh, Y., Talke, F.E., Jin, S., (2011) Microsyst. Technol., , to be published; Park, J., Chen, L.-H., Hong, D., Choi, C., Loya, M., Brammer, K., Bandaru, P., Jin, S., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 015303; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280 (5371), p. 1919; Ajan, A., Sato, K., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2020-2023. , Jun; Choi, C., Hong, D., Gapin, A.I., Jin, S., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2121-2123; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204},
correspondence_address1={Jin, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: jin@ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Saga20112528,
author={Saga, H. and Shirahata, K. and Mitsuzuka, K. and Shimatsu, T. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Impact of multidomain dots on write margin in bit patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={10},
pages={2528-2531},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157478},
art_number={6027835},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053468398&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2157478&partnerID=40&md5=a17c84cd113a91937ac0e5331d5bd803},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Odawara, 256-8510, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) samples were fabricated from hard/soft-stacked [exchange-coupled composite (ECC)] base media with a [Co/Pt]-super-lattice hard layer and a Co soft layer. The write margin of synchronous recording was evaluated using a static tester. The write margin of 50 nm dots with a 120 nm period was confirmed to be 65 nm and a large margin loss almost corresponding to the dot diameter was due to the occurrence of multidomain (MD) dots. Behavior analysis of the average MD dot formation rates within the transition regions beside the write window revealed that recording dots with diameters 30 nm, or smaller, are required to eliminate MD dots. A close association between the MD dot formation rate and the write error rate was confirmed. Therefore, a reduction of the large margin loss arising from the MD dots and a resultant improvement in the write error rate is expected when the recording dots become smaller than 30 nm. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  multidomain (MD) state;  write error;  write margin;  write window},
keywords={Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Hard/soft-stacked;  Multi domains;  Synchronous recordings;  Transition regions;  Write margin;  Write windows, Errors},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japanese government, and of the Storage Research Consortium (SRC). The high-resolution electron beam lithography process has been partly carried out at the Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University. The authors would also like to thank supportive companies for their great cooperation.},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 6673-6675. , Nov; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (15), pp. 2875-2877. , Oct; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , May; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 (TiO2) and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , Oct; Kalezhi, J., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (10), pp. 3752-3759. , Oct; Saga, H., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Experimental write margin analysis of bit patterned media (2011) J. Appl. Phys., 109, pp. 07B721. , Mar; Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Magnetic properties of thin hard/soft-stacked dot arrays with a large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C103. , Feb; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69 (21), pp. 3263-3265. , Nov; Aoi, H., Saga, H., Tatsuno, R., Shirahata, K., Mitsuzuka, K., Miura, K., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Read-write characteristics evaluation of BPM with static tester (2009) IEICE Tech. Rep., MR2009-39, pp. 13-18. , (in Japanese) Dec; Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Aoi, H., Magnetic behavior of single nanostructured magnet (2009) J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 165, p. 012029},
correspondence_address1={Saga, H.; Central Research Laboratory, , Odawara, 256-8510, Japan; email: hideki.saga.vv@hitachi.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Leong20111981,
author={Leong, S.H. and Lim, M.J.B. and Santoso, B. and Ong, C.L. and Yuan, Z.-M. and Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Hu, S.B.},
title={Patterned media and energy assisted recording study by drag tester},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={7},
pages={1981-1987},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2011.2125783},
art_number={5929000},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959734155&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2011.2125783&partnerID=40&md5=33958bbf282693e46ebeee7f6894ea77},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={A static drag tester was developed for characterization and read/write of patterned and continuous magnetic disk media. To enable write synchronization for patterned media application, a scheme for write synchronization was designed and implemented. The results for synchronized writing of patterned bits using a read-while-write approach are presented and they indicate that read-while-write is a viable approach for flexible written-in error tests at drag tester level. Besides application for pattern media, a method suitable for study of energy assisted media by drag tester was also explored. The results show that the required switching field reduced as the temperature of the recording medium was increased. The drag tester is thus shown to be a flexible and valuable platform for the study of future magnetic recording media. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Energy assisted recording media;  patterned media;  static drag tester;  write synchronization},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Synchronization, Magnetic recording media;  Patterned medias;  Read-while-write;  Recording media;  Recording medium;  static drag tester;  Switching field;  Written-in errors, Drag},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Fatih Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 822-827. , Feb; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Imprint of sub-25 nm vias and trenches in polymers (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, pp. 3114-3116. , Nov; Zankovych, S., Hoffmann, T., Seekamp, J., Bruch, J.-U., Sotomayor Torres, C.M., Nanoimprint lithography: Challenges and prospects (2001) Nanotechnology, 12 (2), pp. 91-95. , DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/12/2/303, PII S0957448401213221; Klaassen, K.B., Van Peppen, J.C.L., Xing, X., Write-to-read coupling (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (1), pp. 61-67. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.988912, PII S0018946402012773; Jang, E., Zhang, X., Write-to-read coupling study of various interconnect types (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 6453-6455. , May; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in.2: Hybrid recording? (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5398-5403. , May; Zhang, Q., Yip, T.-H., Guo, G.X., Flow-induced vibration in hard disk drives (2008) Int. J. Prod. Develop. (IJPD), 5, pp. 390-409; Lim, M.S., Gellman, A.J., Kinetics of laser induced desorption and decomposition of Fomblin Zdol on carbon overcoats (2005) Tribol. Int., 38, pp. 554-561. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Leong, S.H.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: leong_siang_huei@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Park2011539,
author={Park, K.-S. and Park, Y.-P. and Park, N.-C.},
title={Prospect of recording technologies for higher storage performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={3},
pages={539-545},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2102343},
art_number={5721849},
note={cited By 46},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952162883&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2102343&partnerID=40&md5=f0ea45482be95850cd86a5d8608605fe},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea},
abstract={With the progress of information technology (IT), we need more advanced storage devices to accommodate the unprecedented expansion of information and the rapidly changing IT environment. Magnetic and optical recording storage devices, such as hard disk drive (HDD) and optical disk drive (ODD), are the best candidates for satisfying these demands and requirements. For 10 Tb/in 2 HDD magnetic recording, we need to develop several advanced and innovative technologies related to the head disk interface (HDI), head/media, servo, and signal processing in current perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR). And, several new read/write mechanisms, such as heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and bit-patterned media (BPM), are being investigated by many researchers at several institutes around the world. In optical data storage, the page-based holographic data storage system (HDSS) and micro-HDSS are expected to achieve a higher user capacity with beyond terabyte. The near field recording (NFR) system was developed to confirm the feasibility of achieving a multiple terabyte capacity, and currently, through the application of NF nanogap servo system using a flexible media, it is possible to enhance the recording density and data transfer rate together. © 2011 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Dual stage actuator (DSA);  dynamic TFC;  holographic data storage system (HDSS);  micro HDSS;  near field recording (NFR);  perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR);  track mis-registration (TMR);  two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR)},
keywords={Data transfer;  Data transfer rates;  Holography;  Magnetic actuators;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Optical disk storage;  Videodisks;  Virtual storage, Dual-stage actuators;  Holographic data storage systems;  micro HDSS;  Near-field recording;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Track misregistration;  Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), Hard disk storage},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Science and Technology, MEST, 2009-0076065, 2010-0000769},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2010-0000769) and (No. 2009-0076065).},
references={Challener, W.A., Itagi, A.V., Near field optics for head-assisted magnetic recording (experiment, theory, and modeling) (2009) Mod. Aspects Electrochem., 44, pp. 53-111; Rausch, T., Mihalcea, C., Pelhos, K., Karns, D., Mountfield, K., Kubota, Y.A., Wu, X., Gage, E.C., Near field heat assisted magnetic recording with a planar solid immersion lens (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, pp. 1314-1320; Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X., Gage, E.C., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by an near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nature Photon., 3, pp. 220-224; Peng, W., Hsia, Y.-T., Sendur, K., McDaniel, T., Thermo-magneto-mechanical analysis of head-disk interface in heat assisted magnetic recording (2005) Tribology International, 38 (6-7), pp. 588-593. , DOI 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.01.040, PII S0301679X05000277; Zhang, J., Ji, R., Xu, J.W., Ng, J.K.P., Xu, B.X., Hu, S.B., Yuan, H.X., Piramanayagam, S.N., Lubricant for heat-assisted magnetic recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2546-2548; Lim, D.-S., Shin, M.-H., Oh, H.-S., Kim, Y.-J., Opto-thermal analysis of novel heat assisted magnetic recording media based on surface plasmon enhancement (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3844-3847; Lim, D.-S., Oh, H.-S., Kim, Y.-J., Nanooptical characteristics of double-sided grating structure with nanoslit aperture for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48. , 03A060; Lim, D.-S., Oh, H.-S., Kim, Y.-J., Near-field optical coupling and enhancement in surface plasmon assisted media for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48. , 03A059; Tang, Y., Che, X., Characterization of mechanically induced timing jitter in synchronous writing of bit patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3460-3463; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Schabes, M.E., Media design and tolerance requirement for TB/In bit-patterned recording (2008) TMRC 2008 Singapore, pp. AC-1; Anderson, K., Curtis, K., Polytopic multiplexing (2004) Opt. Lett., 29 (12), pp. 1402-1404; Shimura, T., Tottori, J., Fujimura, R., Kuroda, K., Theoretical estimation of signal to noise ratio in collinear holographic memory at 10 TBite per disk recording (2010) Proc. ODS2010 Tech. Dig., pp. 7730-7730. , Colorado; Lee, S.H., Park, N.C., Yang, H., Park, K.S., Park, Y.P., Singlesided microholographic data storage system using diffractive optical element (2010) Proc. ASME ISPS2010 Tech. 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IWHMD2008 Tech. Dig., pp. 18-19. , Aichi; Ostroverkhov, V., Lawrence, B.L., Shi, X., Boden, E.P., Erben, C., Micro-holographic storage and threshold holographic recording materials (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48, pp. 03A035; Katayama, R., Tominaga, S., Komatsu, Y., Tomiyama, M., Three-dimensional recording with electrical beam control (2009) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 48, pp. 03A056; Katayama, R., Komatsu, Y., Microholographic recording with wavelength and angle multiplexing (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7730, p. 773008; Mikami, H., Osawa, K., Watanabe, K., Optical phase multi-level recording in microhologram (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7730, pp. 77301D; Kim, J.-G., Shin, W.-H., Hwang, H.-W., Park, K.-S., Park, N.-C., Yang, H.-S., Park, Y.-P., Choi, I.H., Improved anti-shock air gap control algorithm with acceleration feedforward control for high NA near-field storage system using SIL (2009) Proc. ISOM2010 Tech. Dig., pp. 176-177. , Hualien; Kim, J.-G., Kim, W.-C., Hwang, H.-W., Shin, W.-H., Park, K.-S., Park, N.-C., Yang, H.-S., Park, Y.-P., Anti-shock air gap control for SILbased near-field recording system (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (5), pp. 2244-2247; Hwang, H., Kim, J.G., Song, K.W., Park, K.S., Park, N.C., Yang, H., Rhim, Y.C., Park, Y.P., SIL based near field recording system with flexible optical disk (2010) Proc. ISOM2010 Tech. Dig., pp. 40-41. , Hualien},
correspondence_address1={Park, Y.-P.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Seoul 120-749, South Korea; email: park2814@yonsei.ac.kr},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Iyengar201135,
author={Iyengar, A.R. and Siegel, P.H. and Wolf, J.K.},
title={Write channel model for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={35-45},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2080667},
art_number={5676449},
note={cited By 36},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651248240&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2080667&partnerID=40&md5=a737b269f5256fb34c66d37e90c1ad0c},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={We propose a new write channel model for bit-patterned media recording that reflects the data dependence of write synchronization errors. It is shown that this model accommodates both substitution-like errors and insertion-deletion errors whose statistics are determined by an underlying channel state process. We study information theoretic properties of the write channel model, including the capacity, symmetric information rate, Markov-1 rate, and the zero-error capacity. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  channel capacity;  high-density magnetic recording;  Markov-1 rate;  symmetric information rate;  zero-error capacity},
keywords={Channel capacity;  Errors;  Information theory, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Data dependence;  Deletion errors;  High-density magnetic recording;  Symmetric information rates;  Synchronization error;  Zero-error capacity, Bit error rate},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, CCF-0829865},
funding_details={Directorate for Computer and Information Science and EngineeringDirectorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, CISE, 0829865},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Center for Magnetic Recording Research and by the National Science Foundation under the Grant CCF-0829865.},
references={Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Data-dependent write channel model for magnetic recording (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, 13-18, pp. 958-962. , Austin, TX, Jun; Kobayashi, H., A survey of coding schemes for transmission or recording of digital data (1971) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., 19 (6), pp. 1087-1100. , Dec; Kabal, P., Pasupathy, S., Partial-response signaling (1975) IEEE Trans. Commun., 23 (9), pp. 921-934. , Sep; Hu, J., Duman, T., Kurtas, E., Erden, M., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel (2009) Proc. 47th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing, 2, pp. 620-627. , Sep. 30-Oct; White, R., Newt, R., Pease, R., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H., Lomakin, V., Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3519-3522. , Oct; Mitzenmacher, M., Capacity bounds for sticky channels (2008) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 54 (1), pp. 72-77. , Jan; Diggavi, S., Grossglauser, M., On transmission over deletion channels (2001) Proc. 39th Annu. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control and Computing, pp. 573-582. , Oct. 3-5; Diggavi, S., Grossglauser, M., On information transmission over a finite buffer channel (2006) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 52 (3), pp. 1226-1237. , Mar; Drinea, E., Mitzenmacher, M., On lower bounds for the capacity of deletion channels (2006) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (10), pp. 4648-4657. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2006.881832; Mitzenmacher, M., Drinea, E., A simple lower bound for the capacity of the deletion channel (2006) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (10), pp. 4657-4660. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2006.881844; Diggavi, S., Mitzenmacher, M., Pfister, H.D., Capacity upper bounds for the deletion channel (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, Nice, France, pp. 1716-1720. , Jun. 24-29; Fertonani, D., Duman, T., Novel bounds on the capacity of the binary deletion channel (2010) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 56 (6), pp. 2753-2765. , Jun; A. Kirsch, Drinea, E., Directly lower bounding the information capacity for channels with i.i.d. deletions and duplications (2010) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 56 (1), pp. 86-102. , Jan; Hu, J., Duman, T., Erden, M., Kavcic, A., Achievable information rates for channels with insertions, deletions, and intersymbol interference with i.i.d. inputs (2010) IEEE Trans. Commun., 58 (4), pp. 1102-1111. , Apr; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 Terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; Immink, K.A.S., (1999) Codes for Mass Data Storage Systems, , The Netherlands: Shannon Foundation; Mazumdar, A., Barg, A., Kashyap, N., Coding for high-density magnetic recording (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Inf. Theory, 13-18, pp. 978-982. , Austin, TX, Jun; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2006) Elements of Information Theory, , 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; Gallager, R.G., (1968) Information Theory and Reliable Communication, , New York: Wiley; Richardson, T., Urbanke, R., (2008) Modern Coding Theory, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 20 (2), pp. 284-287. , Mar; Kavcic, A., On the capacity of Markov sources over noisy channels (2001) Proc. IEEE Globecom, 5, pp. 2997-3001. , San Antonio, TX Nov. 25-29; Vontobel, P., Kavcic, A., Arnold, D., Loeliger, H.-A., A generalization of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm to finite-state channels (2008) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 54 (5), pp. 1887-1918. , May; Papoulis, A., (1991) Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, , New York: McGraw-Hill Inc; Soriaga, J.B., Pfister, H.D., Siegel, P.H., Determining and approaching achievable rates of binary intersymbol interference channels using multistage decoding (2007) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 53 (4), pp. 1416-1429. , Apr; Shannon, C., The zero error capacity of a noisy channel (1956) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2 (3), pp. 8-19. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Iyengar, A. R.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: aravind@ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Muraoka201126,
author={Muraoka, H. and Greaves, S.J.},
title={Statistical modeling of write error rates in bit patterned media for 10 Tb/in2 recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={26-34},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2080354},
art_number={5676457},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651108740&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2080354&partnerID=40&md5=a2a2b759192c72fc1fbe561441972413},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={A crucial issue for bit patterned media recording is write-errors. This is an essential concern for media whose individual bits are represented by single switching units (dots) due to the insufficient writing field gradient at high areal densities. In this paper a statistical approach to clarify the write error rate for a system with a switching field distribution and a head field gradient is established using binomial distribution modeling. Then, two approaches to reduce the write error rate are presented. The first is multi-dot recording with a bit patterned structure, in which the error rate is reduced due to the averaging effect of recording on several dots. The switching field distribution can also be reduced if exchange coupling is introduced between the dots. The second possible approach is the combination of bit patterned media and temperature gradient recording. This effectively improves the writing gradient. The minimum bit length and achievable areal density is estimated taking into account the switching field distribution and writing field gradient. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Binomial probability distribution;  bit patterned media;  head field gradient;  switching field distribution;  temperature assisted magnetic recording;  write error},
keywords={Errors;  Probability distributions;  Switching, Binomial distribution;  Binomial probability distribution;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Head fields;  Statistical approach;  Statistical modeling;  Switching field distribution, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, SRC},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by Research and Development for Next-Generation Information Technology by the MEXT, Japanese Government, and Storage Research Consortium (SRC).},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476062; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulation for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Mallinson, J.C., A new theory of recording media noise (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (4), pp. 3519-3531. , July; Ash, C., (1993) The Probability Tutoring Book, p. 135. , Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press; Tsang, C., Tang, Y.S., Time-domain study of proximity-effect induced transition shift (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (2), pp. 795-802. , Mar; Muraoka, H., Wood, R., Nakamura, Y., Nonlinear transition shift measurement in perpendicular magnetic recording (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn, 32 (5), pp. 3926-3928. , Sep; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Takano, K., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Do, H., Best, M.E., Coupled granular/continuous medium for thermally stable perpendicular magnetic recording (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, pp. 424-428; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Sonobe, Y., Schabes, M., Nakamura, Y., Pinning of written bits in perpendicular recording media (2001) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 235 (1-3), pp. 418-423. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00400-0, PII S0304885301004000; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., Inomata, A., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Capped bit patterned media for high density magnetic recording (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C121; Yamakawa, K., Muraoka, H., Fudano, K., Greaves, S.J., Ohsawa, Y., Ise, K., Nakamura, Y., High field-gradient design of single-pole writehead with planar pole structure (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (3), pp. 730-737. , Mar; Stipe, B.C., Strand, T., Poon, C., Thermally-assisted magnetic recording at up to 1 Tb/in2 using and integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Dig. PMRC 2010, pp. 18pA-1; Rausch, T., Bain, J.A., Stancil, D.D., Schlesinger, T.E., Thermal Williams-Comstock model for predicting transition lengths in a heatassisted magnetic recording system (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 137-147. , Jan; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe55-xNixPt45L10 films (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 6595-6600. , May; Chikazumi, S., (1997) Physics of Ferromagnetism, p. 120. , Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press; Akagi, F., Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Effect of switching field gradient for thermally assisted magnetic recording (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09H501; Inaba, N., Uesaka, Y., Futamoto, M., Compositional and temperature dependence of basic magnetic properties of CoCr-alloy thin films (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 54-60. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Muraoka, H.; RIEC, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: muraoka@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Grobis20116,
author={Grobis, M.K. and Hellwig, O. and Hauet, T. and Dobisz, E. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={High-density bit patterned media: Magnetic design and recording performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={6-10},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2076798},
art_number={5676432},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651106221&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2076798&partnerID=40&md5=73a8606d296cef5fadbbdd93262567c6},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; CNRS-Nancy-Université-UPV-Metz, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France},
abstract={We examine the magnetic properties and recording performance of bit patterned exchange coupled composite (ECC) magnetic media at different bit and island aspect ratios. The ECC media consists of Co/Pd and Co/Ni multilayers whose coupling is controlled using Pd interlayers. We show that this multilayer system can be tuned to provide writeable media with a low switching field distribution for bit patterned magnetic recording. The recording performance of 100 Gb/in2 media shows a sub 1e-4 bit error rate floor and misregistration errors that are well-described by a simple error model. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  error analysis;  magnetic recording},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Error analysis;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Multilayers, Bit-patterned media;  Error model;  Exchange coupled;  Magnetic media;  Misregistration;  Multi-layer system;  Recording performance;  Switching field distribution, Bit error rate},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222. , Jun. 21; Albrecht, T.R., Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage (2009) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, pp. 237-274. , J. P. Liu, Ed. et al. Dordrecht: Springer; Stipe, B.C., Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb m-2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna (2010) Nature Photon., 4, pp. 484-488; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , May 29; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884. , Nov; Albrecht, M., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877. , Oct. 7; Moser, A., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 162502. , Oct. 15; Suess, D., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504. , Jul. 4; Suess, D., Exchange-coupled perpendicular media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 545-554. , Mar; Hauet, T., Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , Dec. 28; Hellwig, O., Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , Dec. 7; Landis, S., Domain structure of magnetic layers deposited on patterned silicon (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, pp. 2473-2475. , Oct. 18; Typical Recording Media has Hc̃4.5 KOe, , The Hc of the BPM we use for recording is higher to account for its higher Stoner-Wohlfarth exponent, which governs the dependence of Hc on field angle; Kalezhi, J., Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3531-3534. , Oct; Moser, A., Dynamic coercivity measurements in thin film recording media using a contact write/read tester (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 5018-5020. , Apr. 15; The Data Values were Determined from the Readback Waveform Using a Software read Channel, , Though, as Figs. 4 and 5 demonstrate, the data values at could have been deduced using threshold detection alone; Grobis, M., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 Gb/in (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , Feb. 1},
correspondence_address1={Grobis, M. K.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: Michael.Grobis@hitachigst.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lubarda201118,
author={Lubarda, M.V. and Li, S. and Livshitz, B. and Fullerton, E.E. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Reversal in bit patterned media with vertical and lateral exchange},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={18-25},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2089610},
art_number={5676456},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651103309&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2089610&partnerID=40&md5=3cff5eaf096e113ba9809918bc7a0f9c},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={The extent to which dipolar interactions affect switching field distributions and thermal stability, and subsequently system performance, depends closely on the areal density, materials properties, and the architecture of the media, as well as the recording scheme and field profiles. This paper assesses, via micromagnetic simulations, the potential of heterogeneous capped bit patterned media and other proposed patterned media designs for ultra-high-density magnetic recording with respect to writability, switching field distributions, and thermal stability at different areal densities. Such media is comprised of an array of homogeneous or exchange coupled composite elements with vertical anisotropy that is ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically coupled to a continuous horizontal layer. It is shown that such systems, characterized by lateral and vertical exchange, enable ultra-high-density recording at low switching fields while ensuring high thermal stability and low switching field distributions. Mechanisms leading to improved performance in capped systems are investigated. Structural and material considerations are provided for all media models. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  magnetic thermal factors;  magnetization reversal},
keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetization reversal;  Materials properties;  Switching;  Thermodynamic stability, Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Bit-patterned media;  Dipolar interaction;  High thermal stability;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Switching field distribution;  Thermal factors;  Vertical anisotropy, System stability},
references={Osaka, T., Datta, M., Shacham-Diamand, Y., Electrochemical nanotechnologies (2010) Nanostructure Science and Technology, pp. 113-129. , New York: Springer; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822; Bertram, H.N., Richter, H.J., Arrhenius-Néel thermal decay in polycrystalline thin film media (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4991; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Sun, Y.I.S., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157; Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, pp. R149; Chou, M., Wei, P.R., Krauss, P.B., Fisher, J., Study of nanoscale magnetic structures fabricated using electron-beam lithography and quantum magnetic disk (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3695; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (15), p. 2875. , DOI 10.1063/1.1512946; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Microwave-assisted magnetization reversal and multilevel recording in composite media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Precessional reversal in exchange-coupled composite magnetic elements (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Analysis of recording in bit patterned media with parameter distributions (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105; Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., Hieda, H., Kikitsu, A., Naito, K., Koda, T., Thermally assisted magnetic recording on a bitpatterned medium by using a near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93; Challener, W.A., Peng, C., Itagi, A.V., Karns, D., Peng, W., Peng, Y., Yang, X., Gage, E.C., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nature Photon., 3, p. 220; Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58; Lomakin, V., Choi, R., Livshitz, B., Li, S., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Dual-layer patterned media "ledge" design for ultrahigh density magnetic recording (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., Domain wall assisted magnetic recording (invited) (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, N.H., Lomakin, V., Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 182502; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880; Jang, H.-J., Eames, P., Dahlberg, E.D., Farhoud, M., Ross, C.A., Magnetostatic interactions of single-domain nanopillars in quasistatic magnetization states (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86; Repain, V., Jamet, J.-P., Vernier, N., Bauer, M., Ferré, J., Magnetic interactions in dot arrays with perpendicular anisotropy (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, N.H., Inomata, A., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Capped bit patterned media for high density magnetic recording (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C121; Albrecht, T.R., Schabes, M.E., (2009) Patterned Magnetic Media Having an Exchange Bridge Structure Connecting Islands, , U.S. Patent 0169731; Lubarda, M.V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., Antiferromagnetically coupled capped bit patterned media for highdensity magnetic recording (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., , submitted for publication; Schrefl, T., Suess, D., http://www.firmasuess.at/?Products:FEMME, FEMME [Online]. Available; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., Scalable parallel micromagnetic solvers for magnetic nanostructures (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, pp. 366-383. , Oct; Suess, D., Tsiantos, V., Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Dittrich, R., Miles, J.J., Time resolved micromagnetics using a preconditioned time integration method (2002) J.Magn.Magn. Mater., 248, pp. 298-311. , Jul; Parkin, S.S.P., More, N., Roche, K.P., Oscillations in exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in metallic superlattice structures: Co/Ru, Co/Cr, and Fe/Cr (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 64; Škorvanek, I., Zetenko, A., Effects of neutron irradiation on Fe B (1987) Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 99; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280; Stanescu, D., Ravelosona, D., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Samson, Y., Beigné, C., Vernier, N., Fullerton, E.E., Tailoring magnetism in CoNi films with perpendicular anisotropy by ion irradiation (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103; Lee, J., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Oh, K.H., Micromagnetic study of recording on ion-irradiated granular-patterned media (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 319, p. 5; Qin, G.W., Zuo, L., Tailoring exchange coupling between magnetic nano-grains of high density magnetic recording media (2010) Mater. Sci. Forum, 638-642, p. 6; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Baderc, S.D., Hard/soft magnetic heterostructures: Model exchange-spring magnets (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 200, p. 392; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1799-1809; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 97; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Sharrock, M.P., McKinney, J.T., Kinetic effects in coercivity measurements (1981) IEEE Trans. Magn., 17 (6), pp. 3020-3022; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., A path method for finding energy barriers and minimum energy paths in complex micromagnetic systems (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., Thermally induced magnetization reversal in antiferromagnetically coupled media (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93; Goll, D., Macke, S., Thermal stability of ledge-type L10-FePt/Fe exchange-spring nanocomposites for ultrahigh recording densities (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 152512; Moser, A., Berger, A., Margulies, D.T., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic tuning of biquadratic exchange coupling in magnetic thin films (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, p. 9},
correspondence_address1={Lomakin, V.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: vitaliy@ece.ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kamata201151,
author={Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A. and Kihara, N. and Morita, S. and Kimura, K. and Izumi, H.},
title={Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for 2.5 Tb/in2 bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={51-54},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077274},
art_number={5676451},
note={cited By 34},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651080116&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2077274&partnerID=40&md5=e2580bd3dc1f65926904eb313f8e5895},
affiliation={Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is fabricated by a directed self-assembled polymer mask. CoPt magnetic dots with 17 nm pitch (2.5 Tb/in2) consists of ridge-and-groove servo patterns as well as circular data tracks. Distribution of dot size and dot pitch is 16% and 15%, respectively. The position error signal (PES) is estimated numerically employing a simulation model using estimated deviation of dot size and pitch. PES linearity was found to be fairly good in spite of large dot pitch deviation. Distribution of dot size and dot pitch causes distortion in the reproduced waveform, but it does not degrade the phase information of the servo signal. This result indicates that the ridge-and-groove servo has a high tolerance to the amplitude noise and is suitable for BPM. When the width of the read head is close to the dot pitch, the linearity error increases owing to the dot size and dot pitch deviation. Reduction of these distributions is necessary in order to apply BPM to hard disk drives. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  HDD;  self-assembled polymer;  servo pattern},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Fabrication;  Hard disk storage;  Platinum alloys, Amplitude noise;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Linearity errors;  Phase information;  Position error signals;  Servo pattern;  Simulation model, Terbium alloys},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={This work was funded in part by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the “Development of nanobit technology for ultra-high density magnetic recording (Green IT)” project.},
references={Park, S., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Kikitsu, A., (2010) Dig. 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conf., , FD-06; Han, Y., De Callafon, R.A., (2009) IEEE Trans, Magn., 45, p. 5352; Hughes, E.C., Messner, W.C., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 7002; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., (2000) Jpn. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5117; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 4975; Yuan, E., Victora, R.H., (2004) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2452; Hellwing, O., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Kamata, Y., (2010) Proc. SPIE, 7748, p. 774809; Xiao, S., Yang, X., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., (2009) Adv. Mater., 21 (24), p. 2516; Clerk Maxwell, J., (1892) A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 2, pp. 68-73. , 3rd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon},
correspondence_address1={Kamata, Y.; Corporate R and D Center, , Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan; email: yoshiyuki.kamata@toshiba.co.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hanchi201146,
author={Hanchi, J. and Sonda, P. and Crone, R.},
title={Dynamic fly performance of air bearing sliders on patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={46-50},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2071857},
art_number={5560776},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651064249&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2071857&partnerID=40&md5=e5d6e31d7d99ac0206a481d8981e046b},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, Minneapolis, MN 55435, United States},
abstract={It is anticipated that a radical shift in design paradigm will be required in order to enable perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) areal densities beyond 1 Tb/in2. The shift in question will involve the use of advanced magnetic recording assist technologies such as patterned media, heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), or microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR). This paper is concerned with one of the challenges associated with the practical implementation of patterned media technology, namely, the impact of non-planarity, and shifts in pattern orientation (at data-servo transitions, in particular) on the dynamic fly performance of air bearing sliders. The nature of the latter challenge becomes apparent when considering that key to realizing recording areal densities exceeding 1 Tb/in2 will be air bearing sliders with superior dynamic fly stability at sub-2 nm clearances. Of the two types of patterned media technologies in development in the disk drive industry, namely, discrete track media (DTM) and bit patterned media (BPM), the former was chosen as a case study in this work. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Air bearing;  flyability;  head-disk interface;  patterned media;  perpendicular magnetic recording},
keywords={Gas bearings;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Temperature control, Air bearing;  Flyability;  Head disk interface;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic recording, Air lubrication},
references={Zhang, M., Liu, B., Flying height adjustment technologies for highdensity magnetic recording (2008) Int. J. Prod. Develop., 5 (3-4), pp. 306-320; Horowitz, R., Lib, Y., Oldhama, K., Kona, S., Huang, X., Dualstage servo-systems and vibration compensation in computer hard disc drives (2007) Control Eng. Practice, 15, pp. 291-305; Terris, B.D., Thompson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat-asssisted magenetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2510-2515; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3220-3222. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854777; Roddick, E., Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Modeling and design of discrete track recording media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3229-3231. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854781; Peng, J.P., Wang, G., Thrivani, S., Chue, J., Nojaba, M., Thayamballi, P., Numerical and experimental evaluation of discrete track recording technology (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2462-2464; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete- track media (2007) J. Tribol., 129 (4), pp. 712-719; Che, X., Moon, K., Tang, Y., Kim, N., Kim, S., Lee, H.J., Moneck, M., Takahashi, N., Study of lithographically defined data track and servo patterns (2007) IEEE Trans.Magn., 43 (12), pp. 4106-4112; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track recording head/disk interfaces J. Tribol., 131 (1), p. 012001; Hayashi, T., Yoshida, H., Mitsuya, Y., A numerical simulation method to evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of flying head sliders on patterned disc surfaces J. Tribol., 131 (2), p. 021901; Duwensee, M., Lee, D.E., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Tribological testing of sliders on discrete track media and verification with numerical predictions (2009) Microsyst. Technol., 15 (10-11), pp. 1597-1603; Mitsuya, Y., A simulation method for hydrodynamic lubrication of surfaces with two-dimensional isotropic or anisotropic roughness using mixed average film thickness (1984) Bull. JSME, 27 (231), pp. 2036-2044; Li, L., Bogy, D., Dynamics of air bearing sliders flying on partially palanarized bit patterned media in hard disc drives (2010) Presented at the INSIC EHDR Technical Review, , Pittsburgh, PA, May},
correspondence_address1={Hanchi, J.; Seagate Technology, Minneapolis, MN 55435, United States; email: jorge.hanchi@seagate.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda201111,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ariake, J. and Kondo, Y. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Write margin improvement in bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy at high areal densities},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2011},
volume={47},
number={1 PART 1},
pages={11-17},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2078802},
art_number={5676450},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651059813&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2078802&partnerID=40&md5=0d2d7a3795daf8487bf562c780088be7},
affiliation={Department of Electronics and Intelligent System, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy were proposed along with media design with a higher saturation magnetization and a small thickness for the dot. Inclination of the anisotropy axis was found to reduce broadened switching field distribution of the media caused by the magnetostatic interaction between the dots. Recording simulation at an areal density of 2.6 Tbit/in2 using a write field of a shielded planar head exhibited substantially increased write shift margins of 6.5 nm and 10 nm in down- and cross track directions, respectively, for the media with inclined anisotropy when the anisotropy dispersion of the media was as small as 2%. Recording density was expected to be increased beyond 4 Tbit/in2 for the media with additional exchange coupling between the dots. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  inclined anisotropy;  shielded planar head;  write margin},
keywords={Magnetostatics;  Saturation magnetization, Anisotropy dispersion;  Bit-patterned media;  High areal density;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Recording density;  Shielded planar head;  Switching field distribution;  Write margin, Anisotropy},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Green IT Project of NEDO, and the Cultivation Research Project of Innovation Satellite Iwate, JST, and the Storage Research Consortium.},
references={Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 2822-2827; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., Mircomagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in patterned media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2195-2200; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424; Gao, K., Bertram, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in and data rates beyond 1 Gb/s (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (6), pp. 3675-3683. , Nov; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1806-1808. , Jun; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Komukai, T., Effect of inclination direction on recording performance of BPM with inclined anisotropy (2010) Presented at the PMRC, , Sendai, Japan, 18aA-6; Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Taguchi, K., Suzuki, M., Kawamura, N., Honda, N., Exchange coupled magnetic dot arrays for next generation bit patterned media," (2009) Presented at the Intermag Conf., , Sacramento, CA, CP-03; Kondo, Y., Ariake, J., Chiba, T., Taguchi, K., Honda, N., Simple preparation method for bit patterned media with ansitropic exchange coupling between dots (2010) Presented at the 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conf., , Washington, DC, CY-10; Ishida, T., Tohma, K., Yoshida, H., Shinohara, K., More than 1 Gb/in recording on obliquely oriented thin film tape (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 183-1888. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Department of Electronics and Intelligent System, , Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Singh2010,
author={Singh, S. and Chen, S. and Dress, P. and Kurataka, N. and Gauzner, G. and Dietze, U.},
title={Advanced cleaning of nano-imprint lithography template in patterned media applications},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2010},
volume={7823},
number={PART 1},
doi={10.1117/12.864298},
art_number={78232T},
note={cited By 3; Conference of Photomask Technology 2010 ; Conference Date: 13 September 2010 Through 16 September 2010;  Conference Code:82640},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649891868&doi=10.1117%2f12.864298&partnerID=40&md5=d0f21456b7f78b6bb8be42456f132f64},
affiliation={HamaTech USA, Inc., 1826 B Kramer Lane, Austin TX 78758, United States; HamaTech APE GmbH, Ferdinand-von-Steinbeis-Ring 10, 75447 Sternenfels, Germany; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Rd, Fremont CA 94538, United States},
abstract={As the magnetic storage industry roadmap calls for aggressive terabit/in2 densities over the next few years, the shift from the current planar media to patterned media; grooved surfaces (discrete track media / DTM) and/or individually defined magnetic dots (bit patterned media / BPM), will be necessary. Both types of patterned media require lithography to produce the pattern on the disk and the most promising lithography candidate today is nano-imprint lithography (NIL). During the imprinting process a thin, round, transparent template made of quartz is functioned as a mold to inversely transfer the features from its surface to the patterning medium on the disks by direct contact. One issue with this technique is the high probability of defects due to repeated contact of the template with the resist before, during, and after UV radiation. Defect management through template cleaning, inspection and defect characterization is critical to preserve integrity of the process. In this paper, advanced acid-free cleaning combined with MegaSonic treatment for defect elimination is investigated for effectiveness on discrete track recording (DTR) and BPM patterned templates. For the experiments, templates containing 250KTPI (100nm track pitch) full surface DTR pattern, 450 KTPI (56nm track pitch) with narrow band DTR pattern, and 250Gdpsi (50nm track pitch) with narrow band BPM pattern are used. The effect of MegaSonic cleaning on the pattern integrity of fragile features is studied. General characterization of defect attributes is made feasible through a series of imprinting and template cleaning cycles focused on resist residues and contaminant removal. Imprinted disks are analyzed using Candela disk inspection and SEM imaging of the pattern. Template cleaning is performed using HamaTech MaskTrack TeraPure automated template cleaning system. © 2010 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Contamination;  Defect removal;  Feature damage;  Nanoimprint;  NIL;  Patterned media;  Template cleaning},
keywords={Feature damage;  Nano-imprint;  NIL;  Patterned medias;  Template cleaning, Defects;  Disks (machine components);  Disks (structural components);  Flight dynamics;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photomasks;  Quartz;  Temperature control;  Ultraviolet radiation, Cleaning},
references={Jay Guo, L., Nanoimprint lithography: Methods and material requirements (2007) Advanced Materials, 19, pp. 495-513; Jay Guo, L., Recent progress in nanoimprint technology and its applications (2004) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 37, pp. R123-R141; Selenidis, K., Maltabes, J., McMackin, I., Perez, J., Martin, W., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Defect reduction progress in step and flash imprint lithography (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6730, pp. 67300F; Ellenson, J., Litt, L.C., Rastegar, A., A study of imprint mask cleaning for nano-imprint lithography (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6730, pp. 67305Q; Inazuki, Y., Itoh, K., Hatakeyama, S., Kojima, K., Kurihara, M., Morikawa, Y., Mohri, H., Hayashi, N., Development status of back-end process for UV-NIL imprint mask fabrication (2008) Proc. of SPIE, 7122, pp. 71223Q-1; Singh, S., Chen, S., Selinidis, K., Fletcher, B., McMackin, I., Thompson, E., Resnick, D.J., Dietze, U., Cleaning of step-and-flash imprint masks with damage-free nonacid technology (2010) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS, 9, p. 033003; Singh, S., Helbig, S., Dress, P., Dietze, U., Study on surface integrity in photomask resist strip and final cleaning processes (2009) SPIE Proc., , 7379-12; Singh, S., Dress, P., Dietze, U., Preserving the mask integrity for the lithography process (2010) SPIE Proc., , 7748-40; Ledakowicz, S., Miller, J.S., Olejnik, D., Oxidation of PAHs in water solution by ozone combined with ultraviolet radiation (2001) International Journal of Photoenergy, 3, pp. 95-101; Legrini, O., Oliveros, E., Braun, A.M., Photochemical processes for water treatment (1993) Chem. Rev., 93, pp. 671-698; Busnaina, A.A., Kashkoush, I.I., Gale, G.W., An experimental-study of MegaSonic cleaning of silicon wafers (1995) J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, p. 2812; Zhang, D., (1993) Fundamental Study of MegaSonic Cleaning, , PhD thesis, University of Minnesota; Kapila, V., Deymier, P., Shende, H., Pandit, V., Raghavan, S., Eschbach, F.O., Acoustic streaming effects in MegaSonic cleaning of EUV photomasks: A continuum model (2005) SPIE Proc., 5992, pp. 59923X1-59923X10; Deymier, P.A., Vasseur, J.O., Khelif, A., Raghavan, S., Second-order sound field during MegaSonic cleaning of patterned silicon wafers: Application to ridges and trenches (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90 (8), pp. 4211-4218},
correspondence_address1={Singh, S.; HamaTech USA, Inc., 1826 B Kramer Lane, Austin TX 78758, United States},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819483379},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Brooks2010,
author={Brooks, C. and Selinidis, K. and Doyle, G. and Brown, L. and LaBrake, D. and Resnick, D.J. and Sreenivasan, S.V.},
title={Development of template and mask replication using jet and Flash Imprint Lithography},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2010},
volume={7823},
number={PART 1},
doi={10.1117/12.864332},
art_number={78230O},
note={cited By 16; Conference of Photomask Technology 2010 ; Conference Date: 13 September 2010 Through 16 September 2010;  Conference Code:82640},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649889470&doi=10.1117%2f12.864332&partnerID=40&md5=1c2c1c39e3aef3547f6a90382a95d791},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={The Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FIL™)1-7 process uses drop dispensing of UV curable resists to assist high resolution patterning for subsequent dry etch pattern transfer. The technology is actively being used to develop solutions for memory markets including Flash memory and patterned media for hard disk drives. It is anticipated that the lifetime of a single template (for patterned media) or mask (for semiconductor) will be on the order of 104 - 105 imprints. This suggests that tens of thousands of templates/masks will be required. It is not feasible to employ electron-beam patterning directly to deliver these volumes. Instead, a "master" template - created by directly patterning with an electron-beam tool - will be replicated many times with an imprint lithography tool to produce the required supply of "working" templates/masks. In this paper, we review the development of the pattern transfer process for both template and mask replicas. Pattern transfer of resolutions down to 25nm has been demonstrated for bit patterned media replication. In addition, final resolution on a semiconductor mask of 28nm has been confirmed. The early results on both etch depth and CD uniformity are promising, but more extensive work is required to characterize the pattern transfer process. © 2010 SPIE.},
author_keywords={J-FIL;  Jet and flash imprint lithography;  Mask;  Patterned media;  Replication;  Semiconductor;  Template},
keywords={J-FIL;  Patterned medias;  Replication;  Semiconductor;  Template, Flash memory;  Hard disk storage;  Photomasks, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proc. SPIE, Emerging Lithographic Technologies III, 379; Colburn, M., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Ekerdt, J.G., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2001) Solid State Technology, 67. , June; Bailey, T.C., Resnick, D.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Dauksher, W.J., Ainley, E., Talin, A., Willson, C.G., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 461-467; Sasaki, R.S., Hiraka, T., Mizuochi, J., Fujii, A., Sakai, Y., Sutou, T., Yusa, S., Hayashi, N., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7122, pp. 71223P; Sreenivasan, S.V., Schumaker, P., Mokaberi-Nezhad, B., Choi, J., Perez, J., Truskett, V., Xu, F., Lu, X., (2009) The SPIE Advanced Lithography Symposium, Conference 7271, , presented at; Selenidis, K., Maltabes, J., McMackin, I., Perez, J., Martin, W., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6730, pp. 67300F-1; McMackin, I., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., Nguyen, V., Xu, F., Thompson, E., Babbs, D., Schumaker, N., (2004) Proc. SPIE, 5374, p. 222; Convey, D., Fejes, P., Wei, Y., Gehosky, K., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D.P., Nordquist, K., Resnick, D.J., (2006) Microscopy and Analysis, 13. , January; Schmid, G.M., Brooks, C., Ye, Z., Johnson, S., LaBrake, D., Sreenivasan, S.V., Resnick, D.J., (2009) Proc. SPIE, 7488, p. 748820; Ye, Z., Ramos, R., Brooks, C.B., Hellebrekers, P., Carden, S., LaBrake, D., (2010) SPIE 7637, pp. 76371A; Resnick, D.J., Haase, G., Singh, L., Curran, D., Schmid, G.M., Luo, K., Brooks, C., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2010) SPIE 7637, pp. 76370R},
correspondence_address1={Brooks, C.; Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819483379},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Moneck2010,
author={Moneck, M.T. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Challenges and promises in the fabrication of bit patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2010},
volume={7823},
number={PART 1},
doi={10.1117/12.875542},
art_number={78232U},
note={cited By 9; Conference of Photomask Technology 2010 ; Conference Date: 13 September 2010 Through 16 September 2010;  Conference Code:82640},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649853481&doi=10.1117%2f12.875542&partnerID=40&md5=4b538d3f6fd4ea9bff7c3f5b9d7d2341},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Dept. of ECE, Carnegie Mellon Univ., 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is one of the promising technologies for ultra-high density storage in future hard disk drives. However, there are many challenges in fabricating BPM. In particular, applications with area density much greater than 1 Tbit/in2 require magnetic bits to be at sub-10 nm dimensions. Etching at these scales is difficult to achieve with conventional ion milling techniques. Instead, reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques must be developed to meet the challenge. In this work, research is presented on the development of a methanol based RIE scheme for fabricating BPM at ultra-high area densities. The paper will discuss the ability of methanol RIE to etch magnetic and nonmagnetic films in both the parallel plate and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) RIE configurations, as well as the advantages of both configurations over Ar ion milling, including enhanced selectivity, minimal redeposition, and less etch induced damage or erosion. We demonstrate the ability to etch sub-20 nm features in commercially available CoCrPt based perpendicular recording media and NiFe with selectivity greater than 10:1 relative to mask materials, such as Ta, TaNx, Ti, and SiN x. These results, the promises of such a technique, and the feasibility of sub-10 nm scale etching are discussed in detail. © 2010 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  ICP RIE;  Ion milling;  Methanol RIE},
keywords={Area density;  Bit-patterned media;  Etch-induced damage;  Hard Disk Drive;  ICP-RIE;  Ion milling;  Ion-milling technique;  Magnetic bits;  Mask materials;  Nonmagnetics;  Parallel plates;  Perpendicular recording media;  Redeposition;  Ultra-high;  Ultrahigh density, Electromagnetic induction;  Hard disk storage;  Inductively coupled plasma;  Ions;  Methanol;  Milling (machining);  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photomasks;  Silicon nitride;  Tantalum compounds, Reactive ion etching},
references={Terris, B., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol, 13, pp. 189-196; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 467-476; Dobisz, E.A., Bandić, Z.Z., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.M., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835; Kryder, M.H., Charap, S.H., (2000) Techniques for Ultrahigh Density Writing with a Probe on Erasable Magnetic Media, , United States Patent Number 6,011,664; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131; http://www.insic.org/programs_EHDR.html; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 tdot/in2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26 (6), pp. 2604-2610; Walsh, M.E., Hao, Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Optimization of a lithographic and ion beam etching process for nanostructuring magnetoresistive thin film stacks (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (6), pp. 3539-3543; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Ar ion milling process for fabricating CoCrPt patterned media using a self-assembled PS-PMMA diblock copolymer mask (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95 (11), pp. 6705-6707; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., Reversal mechanisms in perpendicularly magnetized nanostructures (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, pp. 1-5. , 024414; Sbiaa, R., Tan, E.L., Seoh, R.M., Aung, K.O., Wong, S.K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Sub-50-nm track pitch mold using electron beam lithography for discrete track recording media (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26 (5), pp. 1666-1669; Kodaira, Y., Hiromi, T., (2006) Dry Etching Method for Magnetic Material, , United States Patent Number 7,060,194 B2; Otani, Y., Kubota, H., Fukushima, A., Maehara, H., Osada, T., Yuasa, S., Ando, K., Microfabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions using CH3OH etching (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2776-2778; Nakatani, I., Ultramicro fabrications of fe-ni alloys using electron-beam writing and reactive-ion etching (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (5), pp. 4448-4451; Watanabe, S., Diño, W.A., Nakanishi, H., Kasai, H., Akinaga, H., Reactive ion etching of NiFe thin films from first-principles study: A case study (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 44 (2), pp. 893-894; Jung, K.B., Cho, H., Hahn, Y.B., Lambers, E.S., Onishi, S., Johnson, D., Hurst Jr., A.T., Pearton, S.J., Relative merits of cl2 and CO/NH3 plasma chemistries for dry etching of magnetic random access memory device elements (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (8), pp. 4788-4790; Jung, K.B., Hong, J., Cho, H., Onishi, S., Johnson, D., Park, Y.D., Childress, J.R., Pearton, S.J., Patterning of NiFe and NiFeCo in CO/NH3 high density plasmas (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A., 17 (2), pp. 535-539; Jung, K.B., Cho, H., Lee, K.P., Marburger, J., Sharifi, F., Singh, R.K., Kumar, D., Pearton, S.J., Development of chemically assisted dry etching methods for magnetic device structures (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17 (6), pp. 3186-3189; Abe, T., Hong, Y.G., Esashi, M., Highly selective reactive-ion etching using CO/NH3/Xe gases for microstructuring of au, pt, cu, and 20% fe-ni (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21 (5), pp. 2159-2162; Blumenstock, K., Stephani, D., Anisotropic reactive ion etching of titanium (1989) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 7 (4), pp. 627-632; Kuo, Y., Reactive ion etching of sputter deposited tantalum with CF4, CF3Cl, and CHF3 (1993) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32, pp. 179-185; Pramanick, S., (2000) Semiconductor Interconnect Barrier for Fluorinated Dielectrics, , United States Patent Number 6,054,398; Radhakrishnan, K., Ing, N.G., Gopalakrishnan, Reactive sputter deposition and characterization of tantalum nitride thin films (1999) Mater. Sci. Eng., pp. 224-227; Xiao, R., Horng, C.T., Tong, R.-Y., Torng, C.-H., Zhong, T., Kula, W., Kin, T., Hong, L., (2008) Bottom Electrode for MRAM Device and Method to Fabricate It, , United States Patent Application US 2008/0090307 A1; Bhardwaj, J.K., Ashraf, H., Advanced silicon etching using high density plasmas (1995) Proc. SPIE, 2639, pp. 224-233; Jansen, H., Gardeniers, H., De Boer, M., Elwenspoek, M., Fluitman, J., A survey on the reactive ion etching of silicon in microtechnology (1996) J. Micromech. Microeng., 6, pp. 14-28},
correspondence_address1={Moneck, M. T.; Data Storage Systems Center, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, United States},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819483379},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li201049,
author={Li, H. and Amemiya, K. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Slider flying characteristics over bit patterned media using the direct simulation monte carlo method},
journal={Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing},
year={2010},
volume={4},
number={1},
pages={49-55},
doi={10.1299/jamdsm.4.49},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051943118&doi=10.1299%2fjamdsm.4.49&partnerID=40&md5=ab662c171ff83784a79864cf06beedce},
affiliation={Storage Mechanics Laboratory, Hitachi Asia Ltd., 16 Collyer Quay, Singapore 049318, Singapore; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={This work presents numerical simulation results of head/disk interface for bit patterned media using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The effects of geometry of the bit pattern and of temperature on the air bearing force are studied. Copyright © 2010 by JSME.},
author_keywords={Air bearing simulation;  Bit patterned media;  Direct simulation monte carlo method},
keywords={Air bearing;  Bit patterned media;  Bit patterns;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Head/disk interfaces, Bearings (structural);  Computer simulation;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Numerical methods, Monte Carlo methods},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete-track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fund., E76-A (7), pp. 1161-1163; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1967-1971; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 670-675. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3220-3222. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854777; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Mag., 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (8-10), pp. 1023-1030. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0314-9, ASME-ISPS/JSME-IIP Joint conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2006; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) Journal of Tribology, 129 (4), pp. 712-719. , DOI 10.1115/1.2768069; Knigge, B.E., Bandic, Z.Z., Kercher, D., Flying Characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned Media with a thermal protrusion slider (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3656-3662; Fukui, S., Kanamaru, T., Matsuoka, H., Dynamic analysis schemes for flying head sliders over discrete track media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3671-3674; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol. Lett., 33 (3), pp. 199-204; Li, H., Zheng, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of a "spherical pad" slider flying over bit patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , accepted by; Li, H., Amemiya, K., Talke, F.E., Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , accepted by; Bird, G., (1994) Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, , Oxford, University Press; Alexander, F.J., Garcia, A.L., Alder, B.J., Direct simulation Monte Carlo for thin-film bearings (1994) Physics of Fluids, 6 (12), pp. 3854-3860. , DOI 10.1063/1.868377; Huang, W., Bogy, D., Garcia, A., Three-dimensional direct simulation monte carlo method for slider air bearings (1997) Phys. Fluids, 9 (6), pp. 1764-1769; Huang, W., Bogy, D.B., An investigation of a slider air bearing with a asperity contact by a threedimensional direct simulation monte carlo method (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4 PART 1), pp. 1810-1812; Duwensee, M., Talke, F.E., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Direct simulation monte carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track head/disk interfaces (2009) ASME J. Tribol., 131, pp. 0120011-012007; Garcia, A., (2000) Numerical Methods for Physics, , Prentice Hall, second edition; Wagner, W., A convergence proof for Bird's direct simulation monte carlo method for the boltzmann equation (1992) J. Stat. Phys., 66, pp. 1011-1044},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Storage Mechanics Laboratory, 16 Collyer Quay, Singapore 049318, Singapore; email: hli@has.hitachi.com.sg},
issn={18813054},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst. Manuf.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Cai20101910,
author={Cai, K. and Qin, Z. and Zhang, S. and Ng, Y. and Chai, K. and Radhakrishnan, R.},
title={Modeling, detection, and LDPC codes for bit-patterned media recording},
journal={2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC'10},
year={2010},
pages={1910-1914},
doi={10.1109/GLOCOMW.2010.5700275},
art_number={5700275},
note={cited By 17; Conference of 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC'10 ; Conference Date: 5 December 2010 Through 10 December 2010;  Conference Code:83878},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951893134&doi=10.1109%2fGLOCOMW.2010.5700275&partnerID=40&md5=e5fc821ffacf55eb54390f8897d9a459},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we present a thorough and comprehensive study for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR), from a signal processing and coding perspective. We first propose a recording-physics-based generic channel model for BPMR, which includes all the major characteristics and impairments of the system. It also provides a fair basis for the performance comparison of different coding and detection schemes. We further propose various channel algorithms and techniques for BPMR, including a two-dimensional (2D) equalization scheme with one-dimensional (1D) generalized partial response (GPR) target to mitigate inter-track interference (ITI) and media noise, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) detector for BPMR with write errors, various low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, as well as the iterative detection and decoding schemes. The corresponding performance gains are illustrated at 4Tb/in. ©2010 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Comprehensive studies;  Detection scheme;  Generalized partial-response targets;  Generic channels;  Inter-track interferences;  Iterative detection and decoding;  LDPC codes;  Low-density parity-check codes;  Maximum a posteriori detectors;  Media noise;  Performance comparison;  Performance Gain;  Physics-based, Coding errors;  Detectors;  Error correction;  Iterative decoding;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal processing, Magnetic recording},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xu, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Febrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. of Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Karakulark, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new channel model for patterned meda storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Kurtas, E.M., Kuznetsov, A.V., Djurdjevic, I., System perspective for the application of structured LDPC codes to data storage devices (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 200-207. , Feb; Zhang, S.H., Qin, Z.L., Zou, X.X., Signal modeling for ultra-high density bit-patterned media and performance evaluation (2008) Intermag 2008, pp. 1516-1517. , Digest of Technical Papers, May; Zhang, S.H., Chai, K.S., Cai, K., Chen, B., Qin, Z.L., Foo, S.M., Write failure rate analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 1363-1365. , Jun; Vasic, B., MilenKovic, O., Combinatorial constructions of low-density parity-check codes for iterative decoding (2004) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 50, pp. 1156-1176. , Jun; Hu, X.-Y., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D.-M., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth Tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Kou, Y., Lin, S., Fossorier, M., LDPC codes based on finite geometry: A rediscovery and more (1999) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 27 (7), pp. 2711-2736. , Nov; Djurdjevic, I., Xu, J., Abdel-Ghaffar, K., A class of low-density parity-check codes constructed based on Reed-Solomon codes with two information symbols (2003) IEEE Commun. Lett., 7 (7), pp. 317-319. , Jul; Patwari, M.S., Victora, R.H., Unshielded perpendicular recording head for 1Tb/in2 (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 247-252. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Cai, K.; Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: Cai_Kui@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Miami, FL},
isbn={9781424488650},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Piramanayagam2010,
author={Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Challenges of patterned media},
journal={Digest of the Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010},
year={2010},
art_number={5682227},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 10 November 2010 Through 12 November 2010;  Conference Code:83633},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251563175&partnerID=40&md5=1cf3b4ee1dfd397ff9305f7d97282c7c},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, A STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore},
abstract={Hard disk drive industry has been looking at a successor for the granular perpendicular recording media technology for more than 5 years. Patterned media technology, in the form of discrete tracks and subsequently in discrete bits, was believed to be one of the potential candidates. However, the interest in patterned media has been declining because of certain challenges. This paper discusses the technological and economical challenges associated with patterned media and some potential solutions.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  Electron beam lithography;  Nano-imprint lithography;  Patterned media},
keywords={Areal densities;  Hard Disk Drive;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular recording media;  Potential solutions, Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 40, pp. R149-R177. , May; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 102. , Jul; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, pp. 467-476. , Mar; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, pp. 485-494. , Mar; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit pattrerned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, pp. 526-530. , Mar; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 321, pp. 512-517. , Mar; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 3409-3411. , May; Ajan, A., Sato, K., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., Fabrication, Magnetic, and R/W Properties of Nitrogen-Ion-Implanted Co/Pd and CoCrPt, Bit-Patterned Medium (2010) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46, pp. 2020-2023. , Jun; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Weller, D.K., (2007), US Patent US20070258151; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C105},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S. N.; Data Storage Institute, Singapore; email: prem_SN@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810860691},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ramaswamy2010,
author={Ramaswamy, S. and Ganesh, K.R. and Gopalakrishnan, C.},
title={Novel soft lithography technique for fabrication of Ni nanodots for use as bit patterned media},
journal={Digest of the Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010},
year={2010},
art_number={5682267},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 10 November 2010 Through 12 November 2010;  Conference Code:83633},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251542677&partnerID=40&md5=74bca909dcf1d698c120fde15f7f53b9},
affiliation={Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, Tamil Nadu - 603203, India},
abstract={Magnetic disk drive technology has successfully reduced the size of multi-grain bits to ∼30 nm, and there are intensive industrial efforts to shrink the bit size further. This work reports the development of a cheap, scalable polymer template lithography technique of fabricating large arrays of magnetic nanostructures towards use as bit patterned media, one of the prominent next generation data storage technologies. The technique has been standardized and physical properties such as bit sizes, pitch sizes and the storage densities have been calculated. Critical magnetic properties such as magnetization reversal have also been studied and discussed to ascertain the plausibility of its use in futuristic high density magnetic data storage devices.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Data storage;  Ni nanodots;  Polymer template lithography},
keywords={Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Data storage;  Data storage technology;  High density;  Large arrays;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic disk drive;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Multi-Grain;  Ni nanodots;  Polymer template lithography;  Polymer templates;  Soft lithography;  Storage densities, Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Polymers, Magnetic storage},
references={Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Macroscopic 10-Terabit-per-Square-Inch Arrays from Block Copolymers with Lateral Order (2009) Science, 323, pp. 1030-1033; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43, pp. 3685-3688; Speliotis, D., Media for high density magnetic recording (1984) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 20 (5), pp. 669-674; Ramaswamy, S., Rajan, G.K., Gopalakrishnan, C., Ponnavaikko, M., Study of magnetization reversal of uniaxial Ni nanodots by magnetic force microscopy and VSM (2010) Journal of Applied Physics, 107, pp. 09A331; Ramaswamy, S., Gopalakrishnan, C., Littleflower, A., Kumar, N.S., Ponnavaikko, M., Fabrication of nickel nanodots templated by nanoporous polysulfone membrane: Structural and Magnetic properties (2010) Applied Physics A, 98 (3), p. 481},
correspondence_address1={Ramaswamy, S.; Nanotechnology Research Center, Tamil Nadu - 603203, India},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810860691},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Leong2010,
author={Leong, S.H. and Lim, M.J.B. and Santoso, B. and Ong, C.L. and Yuan, Z.-M. and Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Hu, S.B.},
title={Patterned media and energy assisted recording studied by drag tester},
journal={Digest of the Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010},
year={2010},
art_number={5682248},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2010, APMRC 2010 ; Conference Date: 10 November 2010 Through 12 November 2010;  Conference Code:83633},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251538365&partnerID=40&md5=ae2f7f680a91a5400e6cd7319c426e47},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (A STAR) Agency of Science Technology and Research, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={We developed a static drag tester for characterization and read/write of patterned and continuous magnetic disk media. To enable write synchronization for patterned media application, a scheme for write synchronization was developed and results for synchronized writing of patterned bits using a read-while-write approach are presented. In addition, a method for characterization of energy assisted media by drag tester was also explored.},
author_keywords={Energy assisted media;  Patterned media;  Static drag tester;  Write synchronization},
keywords={Energy assisted media;  Magnetic disk;  Patterned medias;  Read-while-write;  Static drag tester;  Write synchronization, Drag;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography, Synchronization},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kunas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write Synchronization in Bit-Patterned Media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 822-827. , Feb},
correspondence_address1={Leong, S. H.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: Leong_siang_huei@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810860691},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yao20104108,
author={Yao, J. and Teh, K.C. and Li, K.H.},
title={Reduced-state bahl-cocke-jalinek-raviv detector for patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={12},
pages={4108-4110},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2077307},
art_number={5580076},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649803761&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2077307&partnerID=40&md5=c08154c08d364765900a5c3627304490},
affiliation={School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Bit-patterned media (BPM) is a promising candidate for future high-capacity magnetic storage. The inter-track interference (ITI) in BPM has been taken into account by the "multiple islands per read head" model. However, the complexity of the symbol-based detection for this model is too high for practical use. To reduce complexity, we propose to use the reduced-state Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) detection algorithm for such a two-dimensional model. We compare the computational complexity of the proposed reduced-state detector to that of the full-state BCJR detector. Simulation results show that the proposed reduced-state BCJR detector can approach the optimal performance by 0.5 dB while significantly reducing the detector complexity. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={"multiple islands per read head";  BCJR detector;  patterned media},
keywords={Bahl-cocke-jelinek-raviv;  BCJR detector;  Bit-patterned media;  Detection algorithm;  High-capacity;  Inter-track interferences;  Optimal performance;  patterned media;  Patterned medias;  Practical use;  Read heads;  Reduced-state;  Simulation result;  Two dimensional model, Computational complexity;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography, Detectors},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems - The potential and the problems (2002) The Intermag 2002, Digest of Technical Papers, pp. GA6. , presented at; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC'07), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Keskinoz, M., Soft feedback equalization for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3793-3796. , Nov; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal processing for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 730-735. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.839064; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Liu, X., Shi, C., Teng, M., Ma, X., Error correction coding with LDPC codes for patterned media storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3745-3748. , Oct; Colavolpe, G., Ferrari, G., Raheli, R., Reduced-state BCJR-type algorithms (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 19 (5), pp. 848-859. , May; Mittelholzer, T., Dholakia, A., Eleftheriou, E., Reduced-complexity decoding of low density parity check codes for generalized partial response channels (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (2), pp. 721-728. , Mar; Robertson, P., Villebrun, E., Hoeher, P., A comparison of optimal and suboptimal MAP decoding algorithms operating in the log domain Proc. 1995 Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 1009-1013},
correspondence_address1={Teh, K. C.; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, , 639798 Singapore, Singapore; email: EKCTeh@ntu.edu.sg},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone20103771,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Albrecht, M. and Schrefl, T. and Suess, D.},
title={Magnetization reversal processes of single nanomagnets and their energy barrier},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2010},
volume={322},
number={23},
pages={3771-3776},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.07.041},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956191054&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.07.041&partnerID=40&md5=997563bd1a0b84688aa8cbbac876e01d},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany; St. Plten University of Applied Sciences, 3100 St. Plten, Austria; Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria},
abstract={Micromagnetic simulations were performed to investigate the influence of geometry and magnetic anisotropy constant on energy barrier and magnetization reversal mechanism of individual bits important for the bit patterned media concept in magnetic data storage. It is shown that dependency of the energy barrier on magnetic and geometric properties of bits can be described by an analytical approach in the case of quasi-coherent magnetization rotation process. However, when the bit size exceeds a critical size, for which an incoherent magnetization reversal is preferred, the analytical approach becomes invalid and no self-consistent theory is available. By systematically investigating the influence of bit size on the magnetization reversal mode, it was found that the transition from quasi-coherent to incoherent magnetization reversal mode can still be described analytically if an activation volume is considered instead of the bit volume. In this case, the nucleation volume is an important parameter determining thermal stability of the bit. If the volume of the bit is larger than twice the activation volume, the energy barrier stays nearly constant; with further increase in bit size, no gain in thermal stability can be achieved. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Energy barrier of magnetization reversal;  Magnetization reversal;  Micromagnetism},
keywords={Activation volume;  Analytical approach;  Bit size;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical size;  Geometric properties;  Magnetic anisotropy constant;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetization reversal mechanisms;  Magnetization reversal process;  Magnetization rotations;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Micromagnetisms;  Nanomagnets;  Thermal stability, Energy barriers;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Thermodynamic stability, Magnetization reversal},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Piramayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Recording media research for future hard disk drives (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. 199-R222; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; Aharoni, A., (1996) Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism, , Oxford Science Publications; Henkelmann, G., Uberuaga, B.P., Jonsson, H., Improved tangent estimate in the NEB method for finding minimum energy paths (2000) J. Chem. Phys., 113, p. 9901; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fiedler, J., A path method for finding energy barriers and minimum energy paths in complex micromagnetic systems (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, p. 12; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3064; Kronmller, H., Fhnle, M., (2003) Micromagnetism and the Microstructure of Ferromagnetic Solics, , Cambridge Press; Farrow, R.F.C., Weller, D., Marks, R.F., Toney, M.F., Cebollada, A., Harp, G.R., Control of the axis of chemical ordering and magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial FePt films (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 5967; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High KU materials approach to 100 Gbits/in.2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 10-15; Blundell, S., Magnetism in Condensed Matter (2001) Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics, , Oxford University Press; Sato, M., Ishii, Y., Simple and approximate expressions of demagnetizing factors of uniformly magnetized rectangular rod and cylinder (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 66, p. 983; Rave, W., Fabian, K., Hubert, A., Magnetic states of small cubic particles with uniaxial anisotropy (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 190, pp. 332-348},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , Chemnitz, Germany; email: philipp.krone@physik.tu-chemnitz.de},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ouchi20108081,
author={Ouchi, T. and Arikawa, Y. and Konishi, Y. and Homma, T.},
title={Fabrication of magnetic nanodot array using electrochemical deposition processes},
journal={Electrochimica Acta},
year={2010},
volume={55},
number={27},
pages={8081-8086},
doi={10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.073},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958097872&doi=10.1016%2fj.electacta.2010.02.073&partnerID=40&md5=c608aaffba868eaa104453031493642f},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={We investigated fabrication processes of magnetic nanodot arrays for the ultra-high density magnetic recording media by using an electrodeposition. A CoZrNb underlayer was sputter-deposited on a glass disk substrate as a soft magnetic underlayer (SUL). Nano-patterns were formed on the substrate by UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) and CoPt was electrodeposited into the nano-patterns. For obtaining uniform CoPt nanodot arrays with high perpendicular coercivities, we applied thin Cu intermediate layer on CoZrNb SUL and minimized its thickness. As a result, we obtained CoPt nanodot arrays with 150-nm diameter, 300-nm pitches, and 20-nm heights, which have uniform structures, on the substrates with the construction of Cu (1-2 nm)/CoZrNb (100 nm)/Cr (5 nm)/glass disk. The perpendicular coercivity of the CoPt nanodot arrays was as high as 5.4 kOe. From these results, we showed that the Cu intermediate layer with even 1-2 nm thick considerably improved the deposition condition on the substrates with CoZrNb SUL to successfully fabricate CoPt nanodot arrays with the diameter and pitches of 80 nm and 160 nm with sufficient uniformity. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  CoPt alloy;  Electrodeposition;  Nanodot arrays;  Nanoimprint lithography},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Coercivities;  CoPt alloys;  Deposition conditions;  Electrochemical deposition process;  Fabrication process;  Glass disks;  Intermediate layers;  Magnetic nanodots;  Nano pattern;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nano-imprint;  Perpendicular coercivity;  Soft magnetic underlayers;  Ultrahigh density;  Underlayers;  Uniform structure;  UV-nanoimprint lithography, Chromium;  Coercive force;  Copper alloys;  Disks (structural components);  Electrodeposition;  Glass;  Magnetic recording;  Nanostructured materials;  Reduction;  Substrates;  Waveguides, Nanoimprint lithography},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_details={Waseda UniversityWaseda University},
funding_text 1={This work was carried out at the “Center for Practical Chemical Wisdom” in the Global-COE Program, MEXT, Japan, and was financially supported in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC) Japan, and by Waseda University Grant for Special Research Projects. The authors express their gratitude to Prof. S. Shoji and Dr. J. Mizuno for UV-NIL experiments. The authors thank Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. for supplying quartz molds and Toyo Gosei Co., Ltd. for supplying the UV-curable resin.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3816; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117; Aniya, M., Mitra, A., Shimada, A., Sonobe, Y., Ouchi, T., Greaves, S.J., Homma, T., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3539; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Iishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Cheng, J.Y., Jung, W., Ross, C.A., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 064417; Kawaji, J., Kitaizumi, F., Oikawa, H., Niwa, D., Homma, T., Osaka, T., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 245; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homma, T., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3104; Homma, T., Kita, Y., Osaka, T., (2000) J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, p. 4138; Homma, T., Osaka, T., Sato, H., (2001) Hyomenkagaku, 22, p. 350; Zana, I., Zangari, G., (2003) Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 6, p. 153; Pattanaik, G., Zangari, G., Weston, J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 112506; Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Smith, H.I., Schattenburg, M.L., Bae, J.M., Youcef-Toumi, K., Ross, C.A., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1087; Aoyama, T., Okawa, S., Hattori, K., Hatate, H., Wada, Y., Uchiyama, K., Kagotani, T., Sato, I., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 174; Sun, M., Zangari, G., Shamsuzzoha, M., Metzger, R.M., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 2964; Huang, Y.H., Okumura, H., Hadjipanayis, G.C., Weller, D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6869; Yasui, N., Imada, A., Den, T., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 3347; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jina, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G902; Yasui, K., Morikawa, T., Nishio, K., Masuda, H., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 44, p. 469; Oshima, H., Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Itoh, K., Kamimura, T., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, H., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 022508; Sohn, J.S., Lee, D., Cho, E., Kim, H.S., Lee, B.K., Lee, M.B., Suh, S.J., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 025302; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., (2009) ECS Trans., 16, p. 57},
correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, , Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
issn={00134686},
coden={ELCAA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electrochim Acta},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Leem20102789,
author={Leem, G. and Zhang, S. and Jamison, A.C. and Galstyan, E. and Rusakova, I. and Lorenz, B. and Litvinov, D. and Lee, T.R.},
title={Light-induced covalent immobilization of monolayers of magnetic nanoparticles on hydrogen-terminated silicon},
journal={ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
year={2010},
volume={2},
number={10},
pages={2789-2796},
doi={10.1021/am100457v},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79151479996&doi=10.1021%2fam100457v&partnerID=40&md5=594f0503bc80a94c266d0ea4a40659bb},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={Specifically tailored ω-alkenyl-1-carboxylic acids were synthesized for use as surfactants in the single-step preparation of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs). Monodisperse manganese ferrite NPs terminated with ω-alkenyl moieties were prepared via a one-pot reaction at high temperature without the need of ligand exchange. Using this approach, simple adjustment of the rate of heating allowed precise tuning of the size of the nanoparticles, which were characterized in bulk form by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These surfactant-coated magnetic nanoparticles were then deposited onto hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) wafers and covalently anchored to the surface by UV-initiated covalent bonding. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the UV treatment led to covalent immobilization of the NPs on the silicon surface with a consistent packing density across the surface. The magnetic properties of the stable, surface-bound nanoparticle arrays were characterized using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The materials and methods described here are being developed for use in bit-patterned ultrahigh density magnetic recording media and nanoscale biomagnetic sensing. © 2010 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={bit-patterned magnetic recording media;  magnetic nanoparticle arrays;  silicon substrates;  UV-induced covalent attachment},
keywords={Alkenyl;  Covalent attachment;  Covalent bonding;  Covalent immobilization;  High temperature;  Hydrogen-terminated silicon;  Ligand exchanges;  Magnetic nanoparticles;  Magnetic recording media;  Manganese ferrites;  Monodisperse;  Nano scale;  Nanoparticle array;  One-pot reaction;  Packing density;  SEM;  silicon substrates;  Silicon surfaces;  Single-step;  Superconducting quantum interference device;  TEM;  Ultrahigh density magnetic recording media;  UV treatment, Carboxylic acids;  Ferrite;  Ferrites;  Heating;  Hydrogen;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Manganese;  Monolayers;  Nanoparticles;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Semiconducting silicon compounds;  Silicon wafers;  SQUIDs;  Surface active agents;  Surfaces;  Transmission electron microscopy;  X ray diffraction;  X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Nanomagnetics, ferric ion;  hydrogen;  manganese;  nanoparticle;  silicon dioxide;  surfactant, article;  chemistry;  genetic procedures;  light;  methodology;  photochemistry;  ultrastructure, Biosensing Techniques;  Ferric Compounds;  Hydrogen;  Light;  Manganese;  Nanoparticles;  Photochemistry;  Silicon Dioxide;  Surface-Active Agents},
chemicals_cas={ferric ion, 20074-52-6; hydrogen, 12385-13-6, 1333-74-0; manganese, 16397-91-4, 7439-96-5; silicon dioxide, 10279-57-9, 14464-46-1, 14808-60-7, 15468-32-3, 60676-86-0, 7631-86-9; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen, 1333-74-0; Manganese, 7439-96-5; Silicon Dioxide, 7631-86-9; Surface-Active Agents},
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Soc., 127, p. 9992; Tromsdorf, U.I., Bigall, N.C., Kaul, M.G., Bruns, O.T., Nikolic, M.S., Mollwitz, B., Sperling, R.A., Weller, H., (2007) Nano Lett., 7, p. 2422; Willard, M.A., Kurihara, L.K., Carpenter, E.E., Calvin, S., Harris, V.G., (2004) Int. Mater. Rev., 49, p. 125; Moumen, N., Pileni, M.P., (1996) J. Phys. Chem., 100, p. 1867; Liu, C., Zou, B., Rondinone, A.J., Zhang, Z.J., (2000) J. Phys. Chem. B., 104, p. 1141; Sun, S., Zeng, H., Robinson, D.B., Raoux, S., Rice, P.M., Wang, S.X., Li, G., (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, p. 273; Zeng, H., Rice, P.M., Wang, S.X., Sun, S., (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, p. 11458; Leem, G., Sarangi, S., Zhang, S., Rusakova, I., Brazdeikis, A., Litvinov, D., Lee, T.R., (2009) Cryst. Growth Des., 9, p. 32; Tang, Z.X., Chen, J.P., Sorensen, C.M., Klabunde, K.J., Hadjipanayis, G.C., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 3114; Burda, C., Chen, X., Narayanan, R., El-Sayed, M.A., (2005) Chem. 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Growth Des., 7, p. 471; Daou, T.J., Grenèche, J.M., Pourroy, G., Buathong, S., Derory, A., Ulhaq-Bouillet, C., Donnio, B., Begin-Colin, S., (2008) Chem. Mater., 20, p. 5869; Shavel, A., Rodrguez-Gonzlez, B., Pacifico, J., Spasova, M., Farle, M., Liz-Marzn, L.M., (2009) Chem. Mater., 21, p. 1326; Masala, O., Seshadri, R., (2005) Chem. Phys. Lett., 402, p. 160; Song, Q., Ding, Y., Wang, Z.L., Zhang, J., (2007) Chem. Mater., 19, p. 4633; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 3475; Lu, A.-H., Salabas, E.L., Schüth, F., (2007) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 46, p. 1222},
correspondence_address1={Lee, T. R.; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: trlee@uh.edu},
issn={19448244},
pubmed_id={20857939},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalezhi20103752,
author={Kalezhi, J. and Belle, B.D. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Dependence of write-window on write error rates in bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={10},
pages={3752-3759},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2052626},
art_number={5484646},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957009631&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2052626&partnerID=40&md5=1f9457ed367bb3bb59ac182962f81aa7},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Technology, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia},
abstract={In bit patterned media (BPM), the medium is patterned into nanometer-sized magnetic islands where each island stores one bit. Although BPM samples of credible densities have been made, many problems remain, one of which is the synchronization of the write head switching position with respect to the targeted island. An accurate but efficient model has been developed to calculate the timing margin available for a given required write bit error rate (BER). The model predicts the write-error performance of BPM composed of populations of islands with distributions of magnetic, position, and geometric parameters, and can be used to calculate the write-window for a given BER. The effect of distributions of island position, geometric and magnetic properties has been investigated, and it has been shown that island position and magnetic properties have a much more significant effect upon BER than geometric (shape/size) variations. This model enables the relationship between servo requirements and raw BER to be established for disk drives using BPM. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit error rate (BER);  bit patterned media (BPM);  magnetic recording;  write-window},
keywords={bit patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media;  Disk drive;  Error performance;  Error rate;  Geometric parameter;  Magnetic island;  Timing margin;  Write heads;  write-window, Geometry;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by EPSRC under Grant EP/E017657/1 and by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR Program.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on BPM at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Analysis of recording in bit patterned media with parameter distributions (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111-3. , Mar; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884. , Nov; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., Temperature dependent remanence loops of ion-milled BPM (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3468-3471. , Nov; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J., Belle, B.D., Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3531-3534. , Oct; Beleggia, M., De Graef, M., On the computation of the demagnetization tensor field for an arbitrary particle shape using a Fourier space approach (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 263, pp. L1-L9. , Jul; Stoner E C, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 240, pp. 599-642. , May, Reprint in IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.27, pp. 3475-3518, Jul. 1991; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., Scalable parallel micromagnetic solvers for magnetic nanostructures (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, pp. 366-383. , Oct; Brown, W.F., Thermal fluctuations of fine ferromagnetic particles (1979) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-15, pp. 1196-1208. , Sep; Wood, R., Exact solution for a Stoner-Wohlfarth particle in an applied field and a new approximation for the energy barrier (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (1), pp. 100-103. , Jan; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Wernsdorfer, W., Bonet Orozco, E., Hasselbach, K., Benoit, A., Barbara, B., Demoncy, N., Loiseau, A., Mailly, D., Experimental evidence of the néel-brown model of magnetization reversal (1997) Physical Review Letters, 78 (9), pp. 1791-1794; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204},
correspondence_address1={Kalezhi, J.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: kalezhij@cs.man.ac.uk},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nishiyama20101983,
author={Nishiyama, N. and Takenaka, K. and Togashi, N. and Miura, H. and Saidoh, N. and Inoue, A.},
title={Glassy alloy composites for information technology applications},
journal={Intermetallics},
year={2010},
volume={18},
number={10},
pages={1983-1987},
doi={10.1016/j.intermet.2010.02.027},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955550091&doi=10.1016%2fj.intermet.2010.02.027&partnerID=40&md5=5f02a680555ff38401915d2aabc576ff},
affiliation={RIMCOF Tohoku University Laboratory, RandD Institute of Metals and Composites for Future Industries, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={With the aim of developing a novel preparation process for bit-patterned-media, nano-patterned glassy alloy composite composed of zero-magneto-striction Co-Fe-B amorphous alloy thin film, Pd-Cu-Ni-P glassy alloy and Co/Pd multi-layer with perpendicular magnetization was prepared. Using the commercial imprinting mold, periodic nano hole array with a hole diameter of 90 nm and a pitch of 180 nm was successfully prepared on the surface of Pd-based glassy alloy thin film. By overlaying the Co/Pd multi-layer with perpendicular magnetization and surface polishing, isolated Co/Pd magnetic dots embedded into nano hole array can be obtained. These magnetic dots act as single magnetic domains. In addition, the change in magnetization direction was confirmed under magnetic fields of ±20 kOe. These results suggest that the glassy alloy nano-composite is suitable for BPM of high data density HDD. It is therefore concluded that the preparation method is candidate process for the preparation of BPM of high data density HDD. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={A. Composite;  B. Magnetic properties;  C. Thin films;  G. Magnetic applications},
keywords={A. Composite;  Amorphous alloy thin films;  C. Thin films;  Data density;  G. Magnetic applications;  Glassy alloys;  Hole diameter;  Information technology application;  Magnetic dots;  Magnetization direction;  Nanohole arrays;  Perpendicular magnetization;  Preparation method;  Preparation process;  Single magnetic domains;  Surface polishing, Amorphous films;  Cobalt;  Composite films;  Copper;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetization;  Nanocrystalline alloys;  Palladium;  Thin films;  Vapor deposition, Film preparation},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={The authors are grateful to Prof. M. Futamoto, Prof. H. Fujimori and Prof. Y. Hirotsu for stimulating discussion. Funding by “New Energy and Industrial technology Development Organization (NEDO)” under “Technological Development of Innovative Components Based on Enhanced Functionality Metallic Glass” project is also gratefully acknowledged.},
references={Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., An analysis for the magnetization mode for high density magnetic recording (1977) IEEE Trans Mag, 13, pp. 1272-1277; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Imprint of sub-25 nm vias and trenches in polymers (1995) Appl Phys Lett, 67, pp. 3114-3116; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., Magnetic block array for patterned magnetic media (2001) Appl Phys Lett, 78, pp. 784-786; Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.C., Batle-Guillemaud, P.B., Rodmacq, B., Casali, G., Patterned medias made from pre-witched wafers: A promising route toward ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans Mag, 38, pp. 1731-1736; Zeng, H., Zhang, M., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., Liu, Y., Menon, L., Magnetic Properties of self-assembled Co nanowire of varying length and diameter (2000) J Appl Phys, 87, pp. 4718-4720; Masuda, H., Nagae, M., Morikawa, T., Nishio, K., Long-rang ordered anodic porous alumina with reduced hole interval formed in highly concentrated sulfuric acid solution (2006) Jpn J Appl Phys, 45, pp. L406-L408; Yasui, N., Ichihara, S., Nakamura, T., Imada, A., Saito, T., Ohasshi, Y., Characterization of high-density patterned media fabricated by a new anodizing process (2008) J Appl Phys, 103, pp. 07C515; Yasui, N., Nakamura, T., Fukutachi, K., Saito, T., Aiba, T., Ohashi, Y., Perpendicular recording media using phase-separated AlSi films (2005) J Appl Phys, 97, pp. 10N103; Inoue, A., Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys (2000) Acta Mater, 48, pp. 279-306; Nishiyama, N., Amiya, K., Inoue, A., Novel applications of bulk metallic glass for industrial products (2007) J Non-Cryst Solids, 353, pp. 3615-3621; Saotome, Y., Itoh, K., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., Superplastic nanoforming of Pd-based amorphous alloy (2001) Scr Mater, 44, pp. 1541-1545; Saotome, Y., Hatori, T., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., Superplastic micro/nano-formability of La60Al 20Ni10Co5Cu5 amorphous alloy in supercooled liquid state (2001) Materials Science and Engineering A, 304-306 (1-2), pp. 716-720. , DOI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01593-8, PII S0921509300015938; Saotome, Y., Noguchi, Y., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., Characteristic behavior of Pt-based metallic glass under rapid heating and its application to microforming (2004) Mater Sci Eng, A375, pp. 389-393; Fujimori, H., Arai, K.I., Shirae, H., Saito, H., Masumoto, T., Tsuya, N., Magnetostriction of Fe-Co Amorphous alloys (1976) Jpn J Appl Phys, 15, pp. 705-706; Nishiyama, N., Inoue, A., Glass transition behavior and viscous flow working of Pd 40Cu30Ni10P20 amorphous alloy (1999) Mater Trans JIM, 40, pp. 64-71; Shen, J., Gai, Z., Kirscner, J., Growth and magnetism of metallic thin films and multilayers by pulsed-laser-deposition (2004) Surf Sci Rep, 52, pp. 163-217; Takenaka, K., Sugimoto, T., Nishiyama, N., Makino, A., Saotome, Y., Hirotsu, Y., Structure, morphology and magnetic properties of Fe-B-Si-Nb glassy alloy thin film prepared by a pulsed laser deposition method (2009) Mater Lett, 63, pp. 1895-1897; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans Mag, 33, pp. 978-983},
correspondence_address1={Nishiyama, N.; RIMCOF Tohoku University Laboratory, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcofnn@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={09669795},
coden={IERME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intermet},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gurovich20103060,
author={Gurovich, B.A. and Prikhodko, K.E. and Kuleshova, E.A. and Yu Yakubovsky, A. and Meilikhov, E.Z. and Mosthenko, M.G.},
title={Magnetic properties of high-density patterned magnetic media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2010},
volume={322},
number={20},
pages={3060-3063},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.05.029},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955307015&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2010.05.029&partnerID=40&md5=112a8596f88d9d03108999dadc8d3eb4},
affiliation={Russian Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation},
abstract={Structures of patterned magnetic media (PMM) with a density of 100155 Gb/in.2 have been prepared using the original method of selective removal of atoms making use of irradiation by an accelerated ion beam for producing patterns of materials whose chemical and physical properties are different from those of the matrix. Magnetic hysteresis loops for cobalt PMM structures with Co bit sizes of 40×15, 30×15, and 15×15 nm2 show linear increase of coercivity with bit anisotropy factor. Consecutive reversals of nanobit magnetizations in bit ensembles have been visualized by the MFM technique, which allows one to reconstruct corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
author_keywords={Anisotropy factor;  Co nanobits coercivity;  Patterned magnetic media;  Selective removal of atoms},
keywords={Anisotropy factor;  Coercivities;  Nanobits;  Patterned magnetic media;  Selective removal of atoms, Anisotropy;  Atoms;  Cobalt;  Coercive force;  Hysteresis loops;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic hysteresis;  Magnetism;  Time varying systems, Magnetic materials},
references={Chou, S.Y., (1998), US Patent 5772905; Chappert, C., Brenan, H., Ferre, J., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Warin, P., Hyndman, R., Glerak, J., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3850; Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., (2004), US Patent 20046699332; Gurovich, B., Kuleshova, E., Prikhodko, K., (2007) Magnetic Nanostructures., p. 47; Gurovich, B., Kuleshova, E., Meilikhov, E., (2004) J. Mag. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1629; Gurovich, B.A., Prikhod'Ko, K.E., (2009) Phys. Usp., 52, p. 165; Ichiyanagi, Y., Kimishima, Y., Yamada, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1245; Van Der, Zaag.P.J., Ijiri, Y., Borchers, J.A., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 6102; Johnson, M.T., Bloemen, P.J.H., Den Broeder, F.J.A., De Vries, J.J., (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys., 59, p. 1409; Grigoriev, I.S., Meilikhov, E.Z., (1997) Handbook of Physical Quantities, , CRC Press Boca Raton},
correspondence_address1={Gurovich, B. A.; Russian Research Center, Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation; email: ba_gurovich@irmt.kiae.ru},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bosworth2010145,
author={Bosworth, J.K. and Dobisz, E. and Ruiz, R.},
title={20 nm pitch directed block copolymer assembly using solvent annealing for bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology},
year={2010},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={145-148},
doi={10.2494/photopolymer.23.145},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957070771&doi=10.2494%2fphotopolymer.23.145&partnerID=40&md5=26e065b21b3a93403cab4857d6ca57d7},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
author_keywords={Block copolymer;  Chemical epitaxy;  Directed self assembly;  Self assembly;  Solvent annealing},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, p. 3155; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030; Park, S., Kim, B., Yavuzcetin, O., Tuominen, M.T., Russell, T.P., (2008) ACS Nano, 2, p. 1363; Tokarev, I., Krenek, R., Burkov, Y., Schmeisser, D., Sidorenko, A., Minko, S., Stamm, M., (2005) Macromol., 38, pp. 507-516; Bosworth, J.K., Paik, M.Y., Ruiz, R., Schwartz, E.L., Huang, J.Q., Ko, A.W., Smilgies, D.-M., Ober, C.K., (2008) ACS Nano, 2, p. 1396; Bosworth, J.K., Black, C.T., Ober, C.K., (2009) ACS Nano, 3, p. 1761; Park, S., Kim, B., Xu, J., Hofmann, T., Ocko, B.M., Russell, T.P., (2009) Macromol., 42, p. 1278; Wang, Y., Hong, X., Liu, B., Ma, C., Zhang, C., (2008) Macromol., 41, p. 5799; Hexemer, A., Stein, G.A., Kramer, E.J., Magonov, S., (2005) Macromol., 38, p. 7083; Li, M., Douki, K., Goto, K., Li, X., Coenjarts, C., Smilgies, D.-M., Ober, C.K., (2004) Chem. Mater., 16, p. 3800; Whitmore, M.D., Noolandi, J., (1990) J. Chem. Phys., 93, p. 2946; Banaszak, M., Whitmore, M.D., (1992) Macromol., 25, p. 3406; Lodge, T.P., Hanley, K.J., Pudil, B., Alahapperuma, V., (2003) Macromol., 36, p. 816; Lai, C., Russel, W.B., Register, R.A., (2002) Macromol., 35, p. 841; Park, S.-M., Craig, G.S.W., Liu, C.-C., La, Y.-H., Ferrier, N.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Macromol., 41, p. 9118; Park, S.M., Craig, G.S.W., La, Y.-H., Solak, H.H., Nealey, P.F., (2007) Macromol., 40, p. 5084; Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Chang, J.-B., Mickiewicz, R.A., Alexander-Katz, A., Ross, C.A., Berggren, K.K., (2010) Nature Nanotech., 5, p. 256},
correspondence_address1={Bosworth, J.K.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
issn={09149244},
coden={JSTEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Photopolym. sci. tech.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Asbahi2010,
author={Asbahi, M. and Moritz, J. and Dieny, B. and Gourgon, C. and Perret, C. and Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M.},
title={Recording performances in perpendicular magnetic patterned media},
journal={Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={43},
number={38},
doi={10.1088/0022-3727/43/38/385003},
art_number={385003},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78249252041&doi=10.1088%2f0022-3727%2f43%2f38%2f385003&partnerID=40&md5=2c80929e836d172effba45bcaff0af18},
affiliation={SPINTEC, UMR8191 CEA/CNRS/UJF/Grenoble-INP, CEA/INAC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique, 17 Av. des Martyrs (c/o CEA Grenoble), F-38054 Grenoble, France; Seagate Recording Media Operations, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={We report on the recording performances and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analyses of perpendicular magnetic bit-patterned media. Two different types of magnetic samples are investigated. They differ by the way that they were patterned (nano-imprint versus e-beam lithography) as well as their magnetic properties (Co/Pt multilayers and CoCrPt alloy are the recording layers).Using a contact read/write quasi-static tester, we were able to characterize the write windows, the bit error rates and measure the SNR. The influence of magnetic properties and media microstructure on the writing processes is studied. We show also that the lithographical method used to replicate the media induces more or less noise due to structural distributions. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pt multilayer;  e-Beam lithography;  Magnetic samples;  Media microstructure;  Nano-imprint;  Patterned medias;  Quasistatic testers;  Recording layers;  Recording performance;  Writing process, Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal to noise ratio, Magnetic multilayers},
references={Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev., 44, p. 311; Rottmayer, R.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, p. 2417; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertam, H.N., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07B909; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, p. 990; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Nutter, P.W., McA, M.D., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40, p. 3551; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 1652; Richter, H.J., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 467; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thompson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1964; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Asbahi, M., Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Gourgon, C., Perret, C., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., in preparation; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., Landis, S., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 7314; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., (2000) Phys. Rev. B., 62, p. 12271; Landis, S., (2001), PhD Thesis Réseaux de plots magnétiques sub-microniques réalisés à partir de substrats pré-gravés, Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., Pennec, Y., Camarero, J., Pizzini, S., (2005) Phys. Rev. B., 71, pp. 100402R; Jamet, J.-P., (1998) Phys. Rev. B., 57, pp. 14320-14321; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, 240, p. 599; Vogel, J., Moritz, J., Fruchart, O., (2006) C. R. Phys., 7, p. 977; Sharrock, M.P., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6413; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.-C., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Rodmacq, B., Casali, G., Lebib, A., Dieny, B., (2002) IEEE. Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1731; Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 5365},
correspondence_address1={Moritz, J.; SPINTEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; email: jerome.moritz@cea.fr},
issn={00223727},
coden={JPAPB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Phys D},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fal2010,
author={Fal, T.J. and Camley, R.E.},
title={Microwave assisted switching in bit patterned media: Accessing multiple states},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2010},
volume={97},
number={12},
doi={10.1063/1.3483773},
art_number={122506},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957128512&doi=10.1063%2f1.3483773&partnerID=40&md5=434aa096093dec4cfdf58dc28e485369},
affiliation={Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States},
abstract={Using a micromagnetics calculation, we explore the properties of a submicron magnetic square with microwave assisted switching. For a 10×160×160 nm3 structure of Fe-Ti-N, there are three particular stable magnetic states for reversal fields up to -320 Oe. One can switch between these different states by adding a microwave field. The strength and the frequency of the microwave field determine the final state. A microwave field of up to 30 Oe does not change the magnetization. Fields of 50 to 75 Oe result in an intermediate state, while larger microwave fields produce a reversed ground state. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Final state;  Intermediate state;  Magnetic state;  Micromagnetics;  Microwave assisted;  Microwave field;  Submicron, Microwave circuits, Microwaves},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 0907053, DMR 0907063},
funding_details={Army Research OfficeArmy Research Office, ARO, W911NF-04-1-0247},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the ARO Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0247 and NSF Grant No. DMR 0907063.},
references={Plumer, M.L., Van Ek, J., Weller, D., (2001) The Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, , (Springer, New York); Hamann, H.F., Martin, Y.C., Kumar Wickramasinghe, H., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 810. , APPLAB 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.1644924; Hertel, R., Gliga, S., Fahnle, M., Schneider, C.M., Ultrafast nanomagnetic toggle switching of vortex cores (2007) Physical Review Letters, 98 (11), p. 117201. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.98.117201&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.117201; Nozaki, Y., Ohta, M., Taharazako, S., Tateishi, K., Yoshimura, S., Matsuyama, K., Magnetic force microscopy study of microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in submicron-scale ferromagnetic particles (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91 (8), p. 082510. , DOI 10.1063/1.2775047; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 1. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2007.913290; Li, P., Yang, X., Cheng, X., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 7125, p. 6. , PSISDG 0277-786X; Wang, Z., Wu, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 093903. , JAPIAU 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.3121075; Nistor, C., Sun, K., Wang, Z., Wu, M., Mathieu, C., Hadley, M., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 012504. , APPLAB 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3175721; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516. , APPLAB 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.123885; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168. , JVTBD9 1071-1023,. 10.1116/1.590974; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Writing and reading perpendicular magnetic recording media patterned by a focused ion beam (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (7), pp. 990-992. , DOI 10.1063/1.1347390; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189. , MCTCEF 0946-7076,. 10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209. , DOI 10.1116/1.2798711; Li, S., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., Schabes, M., Schrefl, T., Fullerton, E.E., Lomakin, V., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 202509. , APPLAB 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3133354; Rave, W., Hubert, A., Magnetic ground state of a thin-film element (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (6), pp. 3886-3899. , DOI 10.1109/20.914337, PII S0018946400099611; Goll, D., Schutz, G., Kronmuller, H., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67, p. 094414. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.094414; Martín, J.I., Nogús, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449. , JMMMDC 0304-8853,. 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00898-3; Li, J., Rau, C., Spin-resolved magnetic studies of focused ion beam etched nano-sized magnetic structures (2005) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 230 (1-4), pp. 518-523. , DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.12.094, PII S0168583X04013783; Wang, H., Hu, H., McCartney, M.R., Smith, D.J., (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 303, p. 237. , JMMMDC 0304-8853,. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.11.029; Kalarickal, S.S., Krivosik, P., Das, J., Kim, K.S., Patton, C.E., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 054427. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.054427; Das, J., Kalarickal, S.S., Kim, K.-S., Patton, C.E., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 093902. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805; Grimsditch, M., Leaf, G.K., Kaper, H.G., Karpeev, D.A., Camley, R.E., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 174428. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174428; McMichael, R.D., Stiles, M.D., Magnetic normal modes of nanoelements (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1852191, 10J901; Camley, R.E., McGrath, B.V., Khivintsev, Y., Celinski, Z., Adam, R., Schneider, C.M., Grimsditch, M., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024425. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024425; Wang, Z.K., Lim, H.S., Liu, H.Y., Ng, S.C., Kuok, M.H., Tay, L.L., Lockwood, D.J., Johnson, M.B., Spin waves in nickel nanorings of large aspect ratio (2005) Physical Review Letters, 94 (13), pp. 1-4. , http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pd&id= PRLTAO000094000013137208000001&idtype=cvips, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.137208, 137208},
correspondence_address1={Fal, T. J.; Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States; email: tfal@uccs.edu},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Choi2010113,
author={Choi, C. and Hong, D. and Oh, Y. and Noh, K. and Kim, J.Y. and Chen, L. and Liou, S.-H. and Jin, S.},
title={Enhanced magnetic properties of bit patterned magnetic recording media by trench-filled nanostructure},
journal={Electronic Materials Letters},
year={2010},
volume={6},
number={3},
pages={113-116},
doi={10.3365/eml.2010.09.113},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650966255&doi=10.3365%2feml.2010.09.113&partnerID=40&md5=f89b0dce703b0502e295839dacea76f9},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States},
abstract={The structure and properties of nanoscale magnetic island arrays for bit patterned media (BPM) have been studied. A periodic Si nano-island array was fabricated by nano-imprint-lithography (NIL), with the trench-filling and flattening achieved by resist spin coating followed by reactive ion back-etching. A Co/Pd multilayer magnetic media with a perpendicular anisotropy was then sputtered and lifted-off so that the processed nanostructure array now has the magnetic material only on the top of the pillars. This process significantly improved the magnetic characteristics of BPM. A planarization by hydrogen silsesquioxane filling reduced the tribological interference of the protruding nanoisland heights in BPM.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Filling and planarization;  Nano imprint lithography},
keywords={Back etching;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Hydrogen silsesquioxane;  Magnetic characteristic;  Magnetic island;  Magnetic media;  Magnetic recording media;  Nano scale;  Nano-imprint;  Nanoisland;  Nanostructure arrays;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Planarization;  Reactive ion;  Structure and properties, Filling;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Nanomagnetics;  Nanostructures;  Reactive ion etching, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886; Kittel, C., Physical Review (1946), 70, p. 965; Lu, L., Sui, M.L., Lu, K., Science (2000), 287, p. 1463; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Brown, W.F., Physical Review (1963), 130, p. 1677; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 4; Charap, S., Lu, F.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 670; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6705; Hong, D., Choi, C., Oh, Y., Yoon, Y.C., Talke, F.E., Jin, S., Private communications; Park, J.W., Chen, L.-H., Hong, D.H., Choi, C.M., Loya, M., Brammer, K., Bandaru, P., Jin, S., (2009) Nanotechnology, 20, p. 015303},
correspondence_address1={Jin, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; email: jin@ucsd.edu},
issn={17388090},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electron. Mater. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Karakulak20103639,
author={Karakulak, S. and Siegel, P.H. and Wolf, J.K. and Bertram, H.N.},
title={Joint-track equalization and detection for bit patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={9},
pages={3639-3647},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2049116},
art_number={5458081},
note={cited By 61},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956026077&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2049116&partnerID=40&md5=7ff7c92b8d48bcdd0415c3185089e4de},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={We compare several different detection and equalization methods for bit patterned media recording channels. We consider a scheme that utilizes a joint-track equalization technique followed by a Viterbi detector. For certain recording densities, simulation results show that it has essentially the same performance as an optimal detector but with reduced detection complexity. Furthermore, it outperforms another scheme of the same complexity previously described in the literature. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM) recording;  Joint-track equalization;  Maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection;  Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Detection complexity;  Equalization techniques;  Joint-track equalization;  Maximum a posteriori detection;  Maximum-likelihood detection;  Optimal detectors;  Recording channels;  Recording density;  Simulation result;  Viterbi detectors, Magnetic recording;  Maximum likelihood;  Nanoimprint lithography, Detectors},
funding_details={University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San Diego, UCSD},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Patterned Media Project at Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego.},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems-The potential and the problems (2002) Intermag Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. GA6. , Apr; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proc. CompEuro '89., VLSI and Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks, pp. 43-48. , May; Heanue, J.F., Gurkan, K., Hesselink, L., Signal detection for pageaccess optical memories with intersymbol interference (1996) Appl. Opt., pp. 2341-2348. , May; Roh, B.G., Lee, S.U., Moon, J., Chen, Y., Single-head/single-track detection in interfering tracks (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1830-1838. , Jul; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Evaluation of detection algorithms for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, pp. 397-404; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate inter-track interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Communications (ICC'07), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273. , May; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Correction to " Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads" (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (4), p. 3334. , Jul; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-20, pp. 284-287. , Mar; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal processing for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 730-735. , Feb; Huang, L., Mathew, G., Chong, T.C., Channel modeling and target design for two-dimensional optical storage systems (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (8), pp. 2414-2424. , Aug},
correspondence_address1={Karakulak, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: skarakul@ucsd.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aoyama20103648,
author={Aoyama, N. and Ajan, A. and Sato, K. and Tanaka, T. and Miyaguchi, Y. and Tsumagari, K. and Morita, T. and Nishihashi, T. and Tanaka, A. and Uzumaki, T.},
title={Reproduced dot image of nitrogen ion implanted Co/Pd bit patterned media with flying head},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={9},
pages={3648-3651},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2049364},
art_number={5458054},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956015390&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2049364&partnerID=40&md5=71796c8037b002f98d2ffbd91d0b393c},
affiliation={Fujitsu Laboratories LTD, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; ULVAC Japan, Ltd., Susono, Shizuoka 410-1231, Japan},
abstract={We investigated switching and read/write (R/W) characteristics of head flyable (Co/Pd) multilayer bit patterned media (BPM) fabricated by ion implantation. Two-dimensional (2-D) signal mapping of the dc magnetized media shows a clear image of 134 $\hbox{Gbit/in}^{2}$ dots (60 nm $\times$ 80 nm pitch, 28 nm dot size). We performed synchronized writing with individual bits with alternate polarity (ac magnetized) and 2-D mapping of 134 ${\hbox{Gbit/in}}^{2}$ patterns. The results substantiated the potential of the fabrication technique. From the read-back signal amplitude, we estimated the effective dot size as 24 nm, slightly smaller than the expected value. We discuss R/W properties and important characteristics such as glide height and magnetic structure of BPM. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned medium;  Co/Pd multilayer;  Ion implantation;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Read/write characteristics},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Dot size;  Expected values;  Fabrication technique;  Flying heads;  Ion implanted;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Read/write characteristics;  Signal amplitude;  Signal mapping, Anisotropy;  Multilayers;  Nanoimprint lithography, Ion implantation},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Characterization of a 2 Tbit/in patterned media recording system (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3434-3437. , Nov; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3519-3522. , Oct; Bashir, M.A., Schrefle, T., Suess, D., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Allwood, D.A., Fidler, J., Exchange coupled bit patterned media under the influence of RF-field pulses (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3851-3854. , Oct; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Xiao, S., Kuo, D., Weller, D., Advanced lithography for bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 833-838. , Feb; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic coercivity patterns for magnetic recording on patterned media (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 4363; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., A study of multirow-per-track bit patterned media by spinstand testing and magnetic force microscopy (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501; Sato, K., Ajan, A., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., Magnetization suppression in Co/Pd and CoCrPt by nitrogen ion implantation for bit patterned media fabrication (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107 (12), pp. 123910-1239104; Wallace, R.L., The reproduction of magnetically recorded signals (1951) Bell Syst. Tech. J., 30, p. 1145; Honda, N., Yamakwa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , Jun; Ajan, A., Sato, K., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., Fabrication, magnetic and R/W properties of nitrogen ion implanted Co/Pd and CoCrPt bit patterned medium (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), pp. 2020-2023. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Aoyama, N.; Fujitsu Laboratories LTD, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; email: noaoyama@jp.fujitsu.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone2010,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Schrefl, T. and Albrecht, M.},
title={Exchange coupled composite bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2010},
volume={97},
number={8},
doi={10.1063/1.3481668},
art_number={082501},
note={cited By 34},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956208870&doi=10.1063%2f1.3481668&partnerID=40&md5=de1f36ef2aa1da773dc7e48fd3e78d46},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, A-3100 St. Pölten, Austria},
abstract={A micromagnetic study on the magnetization reversal in bit patterned media (BPM) with each bit consisting of an exchange coupled composite (ECC) layer stack is presented. The simulations reveal superior magnetic properties of the combined ECC/BPM scheme, in particular for graded media, using uncorrelated distributions of magnetic anisotropy values in order to lower the switching field while keeping a high thermal stability of the media. In this study, a route for narrowing the switching field distribution of the bit array is provided as well, which is vital for the applicability of the BPM concept in magnetic data storage. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Graded media;  High thermal stability;  Layer stacks;  Magnetic data storage;  Micromagnetic study;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Thermodynamic stability, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the European Commission via the FP7 project TERAMAGSTOR (Grant No. 224001).},
references={Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Farrow, R.F.C., Weller, D., Marks, R.F., Toney, M.F., Cebollada, A., Harp, G.R., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 5967. , JAPIAU 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.362122; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Hong, Z., Goldberg, J.S., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 319. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2003.821163; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 87 (1), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1951053, 012504; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545. , JMMMDC 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.06.041; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 89 (11), p. 113105. , DOI 10.1063/1.2347894; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3276911; Breitling, A., Bublat, T., Goll, D., (2009) Phys. Status Solidi (RRL), 3, p. 130. , ZZZZZZ 1862-6254. 10.1002/pssr.200903074; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauer, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3293301; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3271679; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (15), p. 2875. , DOI 10.1063/1.1512946; Grobis, M., Dobisz, E., Hellwig, O., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Hauet, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052509. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3304166; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 308 (2), pp. 183-197. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.05.021, PII S0304885306008717; Makarov, D., Lee, J., Brombacher, C., Schubert, C., Fuger, M., Suess, D., Fidler, J., Albrecht, M., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 062501. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3309417; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913. , JAPIAU 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.3260240},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; email: philipp.krone@physik.tu-chemnitz.de},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Iyengar2010958,
author={Iyengar, A.R. and Siegel, P.H. and Wolf, J.K.},
title={Data-dependent write channel model for Magnetic Recording},
journal={IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings},
year={2010},
pages={958-962},
doi={10.1109/ISIT.2010.5513433},
art_number={5513433},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2010 ; Conference Date: 13 June 2010 Through 18 June 2010;  Conference Code:81469},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955676516&doi=10.1109%2fISIT.2010.5513433&partnerID=40&md5=78ba076f371189b3dd6e67e07fb30966},
affiliation={University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego CA 92093, United States},
abstract={We propose a new channel model for the write channel in Magnetic Recording with Bit-Patterned Media. We study information theoretic propoerties of this channel and suggest a simplistic rate-1/2 coding scheme that achieves zero error. Based on this channel model, we propose a channel with insertion and deletion errors. © 2010 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Channel model;  Coding scheme, Information theory;  Magnetic devices, Magnetic recording},
references={Iyengar, A.R., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., LDPC codes for the cascaded BSC-BAWGN channel (2009) Proceedings of the 47th Annual Allerton Conference on Communications, Control and Computing, , Sep; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn.; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (2008) Elements of Information Theory, , Wiley India; Gallager, R.G., (1968) Information Theory and Reliable Communication, , John Wiley and Sons; Soriaga, J.B., Pfister, H.D., Siegel, P.H., Determining and approaching achievable rates of binary intersymbol interference channels using multistage decoding (2007) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 53 (4), pp. 1416-1429. , Apr; Richardson, T., Urbanke, R., (2008) Modern Coding Theory, , Cambridge University Press},
correspondence_address1={Iyengar, A. R.; University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego CA 92093, United States; email: aravind@ucsd.edu},
sponsors={Inf. Theory Soc. Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng.},
address={Austin, TX},
issn={21578103},
isbn={9781424469604},
coden={PISTF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int Symp Inf Theor Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda2010,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Simulation study of bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy for recording density of 5 Tbit/in2},
journal={IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials},
year={2010},
volume={130},
number={7},
pages={643-647+5},
doi={10.1541/ieejfms.130.643},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955609147&doi=10.1541%2fieejfms.130.643&partnerID=40&md5=8df450b2fc64c23c1a7ef345fe212b09},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1, Yagiyamakasumi-Cho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai 982-8577, Japan; AIT, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, 4-21, Sanuki, Araya, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Recording simulation at 5 Tbit/in2 was studied for bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy. Magnetic dot was modeled as 7.5×10×5 nm3 with saturation magnetization of 1000 emu/cm3 and average anisotropy field of 22 kOe, and the dots were arranged with 10 and 12.5 nm in down- and cross-track periods, respectively, on a soft magnetic underlayer. The magnetic anisotropy of the dots was set at 30 degrees from longitudinal direction. Maximum filed of around 15 kOe was obtained for a shielded planar head with a pole size of 10×45 nm2 in spite of relatively large head-medium spacing of 6 nm. Recording with the head revealed large write shift margins of around 5 nm in down- and cross-track directions. On track recording simulation indicated tolerances of around 4 % in anisotropy field dispersion and 4 degrees in orientation dispersion. © 2010 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Inclined anisotropy;  Recording simulation at 5 Tbit/in2;  Shielded planar head},
keywords={Anisotropy field;  Bit-patterned media;  Inclined anisotropy;  Longitudinal direction;  Magnetic dots;  Recording density;  Recording simulation at 5 Tbit/in2;  Shielded planar head;  Simulation studies;  Soft magnetic underlayers;  Track direction;  Track recordings, Dispersions;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Saturation magnetization, Magnetic anisotropy},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Schabes, M.E., Mircomagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. & Magn. Mat., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in2 patterned media (2008) J. Magn. & Magn. Mai., 320, pp. 2195-2200; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Suzuki, T., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., Preparation and magnetic properties of sputter-deposited Fe-Pt thin films with perpendicular anisotropy (1997) J. Magn. Soc. Japan, 21 S2, pp. 177-180; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Oikawa, T., Inaba, Y., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Aoi, H., Nakamura, Y., High perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoPtCr/Ru films for granular-type perpendicular media (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 2483-2485; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424; Ishida, T., Tohma, K., Yoshida, H., Shinohara, K., More than 1 Gb/in2 recording on obliquely oriented thin film tape (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 183-1888},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Faculty of Engineering, 35-1, Yagiyamakasumi-Cho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai 982-8577, Japan},
issn={03854205},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEJ Trans. Fundam. Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kato2010613,
author={Kato, T. and Oshima, D. and Suharyadi, E. and Iwata, S. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Recent progress of ion irradiation bit patterned media},
journal={IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials},
year={2010},
volume={130},
number={7},
pages={613-620},
doi={10.1541/ieejfms.130.613},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955597672&doi=10.1541%2fieejfms.130.613&partnerID=40&md5=a942bd803517028324d683c5d52c1974},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 6, Ichiban-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan},
abstract={Recent progress of the bit patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation method is reviewed. High energy ion irradiation is a useful method to modify the magnetic properties and this technique can be used to fabricate high density bit patterned media which is a promising candidate to overcome the limit of the areal density of the conventional recording media. In order to achieve magnetic patterned structure having the feature size less than 50 nm by the ion irradiation technique, the materials whose magnetic order is easily suppressed by low dose ion irradiation are necessary. One of the candidate is Ll 2 phase CrPt3, and the control of the magnetic order of CrPt3 by the ion irradiation and the fabrication of CrPt3 bit patterned medium are discussed. © 2010 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned medium;  CrPt3;  Exchange coupling;  Ion irradiation;  Phase change},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned medium;  CrPt3;  Feature sizes;  High density;  High-energy ion irradiation;  Ion irradiation;  Low dose;  Magnetic orders;  Patterned structure;  Phase Change;  Recent progress;  Recording media, Exchange coupling;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Radiation, Ion exchange},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 978; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording ? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 990; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoom, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in2: Hybrid recording ? (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), p. 5398; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.T., Erden, M.F., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), p. 1810; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), p. 125; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), p. 3685; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 321 (6), p. 512; Ctaou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Zhuang, L., Sub-10 nm imprint lithography and applications (1997) J. Vac. ScL Tech. B, 15 (6), p. 2897; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Submicron patterning of thin cobalt films for magnetic storage (1994) J. Vac. ScL Tech., 12 (6), p. 3196; Chappert, C., Bemas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen Cambril E, Y., Devolder, T., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), p. 1919; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., Landis, S., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., Domain structure in magnetic dots prepared by nanoimprint and e-beam lithography (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), p. 7314; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (8), p. 1483; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., Suppression of magnetic trench material in bit patterned media fabricated by blanket deposition onto prepatterned substrates (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 (19), p. 192501; Carcia, P.F., Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pt/Co thin-film layered structures (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63 (10), p. 5066; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199 (1-2), p. 191; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), p. 3595; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Modification of the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ga-Ion-Irradiated Co/Pd multilayer film for future planar media (2005) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 5 (3), p. 125; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), p. 2972; Japanese source; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt 3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (7), pp. 07C117; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (5), p. 053908; Besnus, M.J., Meyer, A.J.P., Order states and magnetic states of CrPt (1973) Phys. Stat. Sol. (B), 55, p. 521; Pickart, S.J., Nathans, R., Alloys of the first transition series with Pd and Pt (1962) J. Appl. Phys., 33 (3), p. 1336; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large Kerr rotation in ordered CrPt3 films (1999) J Appl. Phys., 86 (6), p. 3149; Leonhardt, T.D., Chen, Y., Rao, M., Lauhglin, D.E., Lambeth, D.N., Kryder, M.H., CrPt3 thin film media for perpendicular or magneto-optical recording (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (8), p. 4307; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic anisotropy of MBE grown MnPt3 and CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 272-276, p. 778; Kato, T., Sugihara, K., Ito, H., Kobayashi, A., Fujiwara, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Magnetic circular dichroism of polycrystalline (Mn1-xCr x)Pt3 and epitaxial CrPt3 alloy films (2002) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn, 2 (2), p. 98; Hellwig, O., Weller, D., Kellock, A.J., Baglin, J.E.E., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic patterning of chemically-ordered CrPt3 films (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 79 (8), p. 1151. , DOI 10.1063/1.1394722; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., Tailoring magnetism by light-ion irradiation (2004) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 37 (16), pp. R179; Kato, T., Oshima, D., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Ll2-CrPt3 alloy films using rapid thermal annealing for planar bit patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn., , submitted; Ziegler, J.F., SRIM/TRIM 2008 Code, , http://www.srim.org/; Japanese source},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan},
issn={03854205},
language={Japanese},
abbrev_source_title={IEEJ Trans. Fundam. Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kaushik2010,
author={Kaushik, N. and Sharma, P. and Yubuta, K. and Makino, A. and Inoue, A.},
title={Domain wall assisted magnetization switching in (111) oriented L1 0 FePt grown on a soft magnetic metallic glass},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2010},
volume={97},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3479054},
art_number={072510},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956048485&doi=10.1063%2f1.3479054&partnerID=40&md5=2a457b8b8db66612b0b1df906efa4ccb},
affiliation={World Premier Initiative (WPI) Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={We report on growth and magnetic properties of exchange-coupled (111) -L10 FePt hard/CoFeTaB soft magnetic metallic glass bilayered structure processed at lower temperature (∼400 °C). Single phaselike hysteresis loops with tailorable coercivity (&lt;8.2 kOe) in out of plane direction are obtained. The magnetization switching mechanism is identified as domain wall assisted. In views of excellent nanofabrication abilities of metallic glass thin film and the ability to grow preferred oriented L1 0 FePt, the present bilayered structure is very promising for the fabrication of high density bit-patterned magnetic recording media and other spintronic devices. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bi-layered structure;  Coercivities;  High density;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetization switching;  Magnetization switching mechanism;  Metallic glass thin films;  Nanofabrication;  Out-of-plane direction;  Soft magnetics;  Spintronic device, Glass;  Hysteresis;  Hysteresis loops;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Metallic glass, Magnetic domains},
references={Qin, G.W., Ren, Y.P., Xiao, N., Yang, B., Zuo, L., Oikawa, K., (2009) Int. Mater. Rev., 54, p. 157. , INMREO 0950-6608. 10.1179/174328009X411172; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W., Bai, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3181. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855278; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toeny, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464. 10.1109/20.824418; Tsai, J.L., Tzeng, H.T., Lin, G.B., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 032505. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3293444; Goll, D., Breitling, A., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052502. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3078286; Casoli, F., Albertini, F., Nasi, L., Fabbrici, S., Cabassi, R., Bolzoni, F., Bocchi, C., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 142506. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.2905294; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1050. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.1498504; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Kimura, H., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2007) Nanotechnology, 18, p. 035302. , NNOTER 0957-4484. 10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035302; Sharma, P., Kimura, H., Inoue, A., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 083902. , JAPIAU 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.2359142; Zha, C.L., Akerman, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3491. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022317; http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3479054, E-APPLAB-97-020033 for XRD curves [Figs. S1 (a) and S1 (b)] and hysteresis loops [Figs. S2 (a) and S2 (b)]; Dannenberg, A., Gruner, M.E., Hucht, A., Entel, P., (2009) Phys. Rev. B, 80, p. 245438. , PLRBAQ 0556-2805. 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.245438; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 062512. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.2335590; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1799. , IEEPAD 0018-9219. 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2004314; Girt, E., Dobin, A.Y., Valcu, B., Richter, H.J., Wu, X., Nolan, T.P., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2166. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2007.894176; Zha, C.L., Persson, J., Bonetti, S., Fang, Y.Y., Akerman, J., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 163108. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3123003},
correspondence_address1={Kaushik, N.; World Premier Initiative (WPI) Center, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Alexandrou2010,
author={Alexandrou, M. and Nutter, P.W. and Delalande, M. and De Vries, J. and Hill, E.W. and Schedin, F. and Abelmann, L. and Thomson, T.},
title={Spatial sensitivity mapping of Hall crosses using patterned magnetic nanostructures},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={108},
number={4},
doi={10.1063/1.3475485},
art_number={043920},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956320086&doi=10.1063%2f1.3475485&partnerID=40&md5=b5ff9f819d4c3de1c949623b7d24bea5},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, Netherlands},
abstract={Obtaining an accurate profile of the spatial sensitivity of Hall cross structures is crucial if such devices are to be used to analyze the switching behavior of magnetic nanostructures and determine the switching field distribution of bit patterned media. Here, we have used the anomalous Hall effect to investigate the switching of patterned Co/Pt multilayer magnetic nanoislands, where the Hall cross has been integrated into the Pt seed layer. Using the anomalous Hall output voltage we have observed the magnetic switching of individual islands, allowing the spatial sensitivity across a Hall cross structure to be determined. The experimental results agree well with numerical simulation studies, using a three-dimensional finite element model, and with existing theoretical studies, where the spatial sensitivity of two-dimensional Hall cross structures have been found numerically. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anomalous Hall effects;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pt multilayer;  Cross structures;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetic switching;  Nano-islands;  Numerical simulation studies;  Output voltages;  Patterned magnetic nanostructure;  Seed layer;  Spatial sensitivity;  Switching behaviors;  Switching field distribution;  Theoretical study;  Three dimensional finite element model, Finite element method;  Hall effect;  Magnetic field effects;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Platinum;  Three dimensional, Switching},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_details={Stichting voor de Technische WetenschappenStichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen, STW},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant No. EP/E017657/1, by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR program, and by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW.},
references={Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 4313. , APPLAB 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.1580994; Sinitsyn, N.A., (2008) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 20, p. 023201. , JCOMEL 0953-8984,. 10.1088/0953-8984/20/02/023201; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199. , JPAPBE 0022-3727,. 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , PRLTAO 0031-9007,. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Webb, B.C., Schultz, S., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 3006. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464,. 10.1109/20.92316; Okamoto, S., Kato, T., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Tezuka, N., Sugimoto, S., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C501. , JAPIAU 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.2831785; Kikuchi, N., Murillo, R., Lodder, J.C., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 320. , JMMMDC 0304-8853,. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.052; Engelen, J.B.C., Delalande, M., Le F̀bre, A.J., Bolhuis, T., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 035703. , NNOTER 0957-4484,. 10.1088/0957-4484/21/3/035703; Cornelissens, Y.G., Peeters, F.M., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 2006. , JAPIAU 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.1487909; Bending, S.J., Oral, A., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 3721. , JAPIAU 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.365494; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3468. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001791},
correspondence_address1={Alexandrou, M.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ramaswamy2010,
author={Ramaswamy, S. and Gopalakrishnan, C. and Ponnavaikko, M.},
title={Effect of template engineering on morphology and magnetic properties of Ni nanodots fabricated using polysulfone templated lithography},
journal={Physica Scripta},
year={2010},
volume={82},
number={2},
doi={10.1088/0031-8949/82/02/025603},
art_number={025603},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149387969&doi=10.1088%2f0031-8949%2f82%2f02%2f025603&partnerID=40&md5=c3335028782f99507e7dbed7348e032b},
affiliation={Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kancheepuram District 603203, India; Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India},
abstract={The fabrication of magnetic nanodots using polysulfone templated lithography has been recently explored as a potential technique for bit patterned media fabrication. This work describes the efforts made to identify the ideal template engineering technique so as to develop a standard media fabrication technique. Nanoporous polysulfone membranes were fabricated using a phase inversion process. Nickel nanodots were then evaporated onto silicon substrates using the polysulfone membrane as a mask. The work maps the changes in the structural and magnetic properties of the nanodots fabricated using one of the three different template engineering techniques identified. The samples were studied using atomic force microscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicated that the fabrication of the mask on the substrate itself gave the best feature size, consistent shape and structure and the least deviation in magnetization due to thermal agitation. The dynamics of the growth process has also been postulated based on the results. © 2010 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Engineering techniques;  Feature sizes;  Growth process;  Magnetic nanodots;  Media fabrication;  Nano-porous;  Nanodots;  Ni nano-dots;  Nickel nanodots;  Phase inversion process;  Polysulfone membranes;  Potential techniques;  Silicon substrates;  Structural and magnetic properties;  Templated;  Thermal agitation;  Vibrating sample magnetometer, Atomic force microscopy;  Magnetic properties;  Polysulfones;  Substrates, Fabrication},
references={Ali, D., Ahmed, H., Coulomb blockade in a silicon tunnel junction device (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, p. 2119; Leobanhung, E., Guo, L., Wang, Y., Chou, S.Y., Observation of quantum effects and Coulomb blockade in silicon quantum-dot transistors at temperatures over 100 K (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, p. 938; Tseng, A.A., Chen, K., Chen, C.D., Ma, K.J., Electron beam lithography in nanoscale fabrication: Recent development (2003) IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf, 26, p. 141; Yasuda, T., Yamasaki, S., Gwo, S., Nanoscale selective-area epitaxial growth of Si using an ultrathin SiO2/Si3Ni4 mask patterned by an atomic force microscope (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, p. 3917; Anders, S., Lithography and self-assembly for nanometer scale magnetism (2002) Microelectron. Eng., 61-62, p. 569; Ramaswamy, S., Gopalakrishnan, C., Kumar, N.S., Littleflower, A., Ponnavaikko, M., Fabrication of nickel nanodots templated by nanoporous polysulfone membrane: Structural and magnetic properties (2010) Appl. Phys. A, 98, p. 481; Ramaswamy, S., Ganesh, K.R., Gopalakrishnan, C., Ponnavaikko, M., Study of magnetization reversal of uniaxial Ni nanodots by magnetic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (2010) J. Appl. Phys., 107, p. 1; Diaz-Castanon, S., Faloh-Gandarilla, J.C., Munoz-Sandoval, E., Terrones, M., Vibration sample magnetometry, a good tool for the study of nanomagnetic inclusions (2008) Superlattices Microstruct, 43, p. 482; Huajun, Z., Jinhuan, Z., Zhenghai, G., Wei, W., Preparation and magnetic properties of Ni nanorod arrays (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 565},
correspondence_address1={Ramaswamy, S.; Nanotechnology Research Center, , SRM Nagar, Kancheepuram District 603203, India; email: shivi.masti@gmail.com},
issn={00318949},
coden={PHSTB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys Scr},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kamata2010,
author={Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A. and Kihara, N. and Morita, S. and Kimura, K. and Izumi, H.},
title={Fabrication of ridge-and-groove servo pattern consisting of self-assembled dots for high-density bit patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2010},
volume={7748},
doi={10.1117/12.863873},
art_number={774809},
note={cited By 3; Conference of Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology XVII ; Conference Date: 13 April 2010 Through 15 April 2010;  Conference Code:80948},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954403059&doi=10.1117%2f12.863873&partnerID=40&md5=60b815658dac4bd650be84f006cff0a2},
affiliation={Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) is a candidate for high-density magnetic recording. One of the critical issues concerning high-density BPM is a fine pattern drawing process for an etching mask. A self-assembled polymer is a solution for the fine etching mask material realizing a density of more than several Tb/in2. The remaining issue concerning the self-assembled mask is servo pattern formation with the self-assembled dots. This paper reports fabrication of a ridge-and-groove servo pattern with arrays of 35nm-pitch self-assembled CoPt magnetic dots and signal properties of the servo pattern are estimated. Dot size and alignment was not uniform in the servo pattern because of the deviation of the guide width and the taper at the guide edge. This feature will result in a distorted servo signal profile. However, the numerical estimation based on the fabricated servo patterns revealed that the linearity of the position error signal was fairly good. The distortion in waveform does not degrade the phase information of the servo signal, provided the guide is positioned with high precision. Thus the ridge-and-groove servo is suitable for self-assembled bit patterned media. © 2010 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  HDD;  Self-assembled polymer;  Servo pattern},
keywords={A-density;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical issues;  Dot size;  Drawing process;  Etching masks;  Fine pattern;  HDD;  High precision;  High-density;  High-density magnetic recording;  Magnetic dots;  Numerical estimation;  Phase information;  Position error signals;  Self-assembled;  Servo pattern;  Servo signals;  Signal properties;  Wave forms, Etching;  Fabrication;  Magnetic recording;  Polymers, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Park, S., (2009) Sience, 323, p. 1030; Cheng, J.Y., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 2505; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Naito, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Han, Y., De Callafon, R.A., (2009) IEEE Trans, Magn, 45, p. 5352; Hughes, E.C., Messner, W.C., (2003) JAP, 93, p. 7002; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., (2000) JAP, 87, p. 5117; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 4975; Yuan, E., Victora, R.H., (2004) IEEE. Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2452; Hellwing, O., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516},
correspondence_address1={Kamata, Y.; Corporate R and D Center, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan; email: yoshiyuki.kamata@toshiba.co.jp},
sponsors={PMJ Photomask Japan; BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE); Luminescent Technologies, Inc.},
address={Yokohama},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819482389},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Takenaka20101542,
author={Takenaka, K. and Togashi, N. and Nishiyama, N. and Inoue, A.},
title={Structure, mechanical properties and imprint-ability of Pd-Cu-Ni-P glassy alloy thin film prepared by a pulsed-laser deposition method},
journal={Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids},
year={2010},
volume={356},
number={31-32},
pages={1542-1545},
doi={10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.06.006},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956226517&doi=10.1016%2fj.jnoncrysol.2010.06.006&partnerID=40&md5=a4b3988f73fecd917c09df4c0d4c9873},
affiliation={RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab., Materials Process Technology Center, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={With the aim of preparing nano-hole array for bit patterned media of ultra high density data storage, fabrication and imprint-ability of Pd-Cu-Ni-P glassy alloy thin film was investigated. By using a pulsed-laser deposition method, the Pd-based glassy alloy thin film was successfully fabricated. The thermal characteristics of the obtained film were very close to those of the melt-spun glassy alloy ribbon. The obtained film has very smooth surface and high hardness, which are suitable for nano-imprint processing. Nano-imprint-ability of the obtained film is demonstrated by using dot array mold with a dot diameter of 30 nm. The periodic dot pattern of the mold was precisely transcribed. These results suggest that the Pd-Cu-Ni-P glassy alloy thin films are potential nano-imprinting materials for fabricating bit patterned media. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Glassy alloy;  Mechanical properties;  Nano-imprint lithography;  Thermal stability;  Thin film},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Dot array;  Dot diameter;  Dot patterns;  Glassy alloys;  High hardness;  Melt-spun;  Nano-imprint;  Nano-imprinting;  Nanohole arrays;  Smooth surface;  Thermal characteristics;  Thermal stability;  Ultra-high density data storage, Alloys;  Copper;  Copper alloys;  Deposition;  Mechanical properties;  Melt spinning;  Molds;  Palladium;  Pulsed laser deposition;  Pulsed lasers;  Thermodynamic stability;  Thin films;  Vapor deposition, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Osaka, T., Asahi, T., Kawaji, J., Yokoshima, T., (2005) Electrochim. Acta, 50, p. 4576; Nakatani, I., Takahashi, T., Hijikata, M., Fukubayashi, T., Ozawa, K., Hanaoka, H., (1991), Japan patent 1888363, publication JP03-022211A; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 15, p. 2897; Fernandz, A., Bedrossion, P.J., Baker, S.L., Vernon, S.P., Kania, D.R., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 4472; Inoue, A., (2000) Acta Mater., 48, p. 279; Saotome, Y., Imai, K., Shioda, S., Shimizu, S., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., (2002) Intermetallics, 10, p. 1241; Jeong, H.W., Hata, S., Shimokohbe, A., (2003) J. Microelectromech. Syst., 12, p. 42; Schroers, J., Pham, Q., Desai, A., (2007) J. Microelectromech. Syst., 16, p. 240; Kumar, G., Tang, H.X., Schroers, J., (2009) Nature, 457, p. 868; Sharma, P., Zhang, W., Amiya, K., Kimura, H.M., Inoue, A., (2005) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 5, p. 416; Sharma, P., Kaushik, N., Kimura, H.M., Saotome, Y., Inoue, A., (2007) Nanotechnology, 18, p. 035302; Inoue, A., Nishiyama, N., Masumoto, T., (1996) Mater. Trans. JIM, 37, p. 181; Inoue, A., Nishiyama, N., Kimura, H.M., (1997) Mater. Trans. JIM, 38, p. 179; Matsumoto, Y., Fukuhara, M., Nishikawa, H., Takemoto, T., Inoue, A., (2008) Abstract Book of the IUMRS International Conference in Japan; Willmot, P.R., Hubler, J.R., (2000) Rev. Mod. Phys., 72, p. 315; Nishiyama, N., (1997), Dr Thesis, Tohoku university},
correspondence_address1={Takenaka, K.; RIMCOF-Tohoku Univ. Lab., , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: rimcoftk@imr.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={00223093},
coden={JNCSB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Non Cryst Solids},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone2010,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Albrecht, M. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Magnetization reversal of bit patterned media: Role of the angular orientation of the magnetic anisotropy axes},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={108},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.3457037},
art_number={013906},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955177608&doi=10.1063%2f1.3457037&partnerID=40&md5=67bbe2c506c83bc79e31476577b09848},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria},
abstract={Micromagnetic modeling was performed to study the influence of an angular dispersion of the magnetic anisotropy axis on the reversal behavior of tilted bit patterned media with an areal density of about 1 Tbit/in.2. Thereby, the angular dispersion was realized by having the anisotropy axes of the individual bits lying on the surface of a cone with a specific opening angle. In addition, a distribution of the magnetic anisotropy value within the array of magnetic nanostructures was taken into account. The effect of the angular variation in the magnetic anisotropy orientation on the switching field distribution was investigated. Two optimized geometries were suggested in order to keep the switching field distribution as narrow as possible: (1) uniaxial perpendicular bits with the magnetic field applied under an angle of 45° and (2) tilting the anisotropy axis to about 45°-75° and applying a perpendicular magnetic field. However, mixing both situations results in a drastic increase in the switching field distribution. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Angular dispersions;  Angular orientation;  Angular variation;  Anisotropy axis;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Opening angle;  Optimized geometries;  Perpendicular magnetic fields;  Reversal behavior;  Switching field distribution, Angular distribution;  Dispersions;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Plasma theory;  Tools, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the European Commission via the TERAMAGSTOR project (Grant No. 224001).},
references={Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 485. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.007; Wood, R., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 555. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.027; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Hellwig, O., Bosworth, J.K., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Hauet, T., Zeltzer, G., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Ruiz, R., (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett., 96, p. 052511. , APPLAB 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.3293301; Schabes, M., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Zhu, J.G., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co 70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38, pp. 1725-1730. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763, PII S0018946402056662; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403. , APPLAB 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.124389; Lodder, J.C., Methods for preparing patterned media for high-density recording (2004) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 272-276, pp. 1692-1697. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.259; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russel, T., (2009) Science, 323, p. 1030. , SCIEAS 0036-8075, 10.1126/science.1168108; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , SCIEAS 0036-8075, 10.1126/science.1157626; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652. , IEEPAD 0018-9219, 10.1109/5.573754; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (8), p. 1483. , DOI 10.1063/1.1501763; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519. , APPLAB 0003-6951, 10.1063/1.1644341; Krone, P., Makarov, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 103913. , JAPIAU 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.3260240; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599. , PTRMAD 0962-8428, 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Wang, J.-P., Magnetic data storage: Tilting for the top (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 191-192. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1344; Gao, K.-Z., Neal Bertram, H., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464, 10.1109/TMAG.2002.804801; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., Magnetic multilayers on nanospheres (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 203-206. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1324; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Wen, L., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464, 10.1109/20.824418; Rave, W., Fabian, K., Hubert, A., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 190, p. 332. , JMMMDC 0304-8853, 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00328-X; Schabes, M.E., Bertram, H.N., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 64, p. 1347. , JAPIAU 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.341858; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., Angular dependence of the switching field of thin-film longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording media (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (8), p. 4553. , DOI 10.1063/1.1508430; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 8471. , JAPIAU 0021-8979, 10.1063/1.1540167},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Stipe2010484,
author={Stipe, B.C. and Strand, T.C. and Poon, C.C. and Balamane, H. and Boone, T.D. and Katine, J.A. and Li, J.-L. and Rawat, V. and Nemoto, H. and Hirotsune, A. and Hellwig, O. and Ruiz, R. and Dobisz, E. and Kercher, D.S. and Robertson, N. and Albrecht, T.R. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Magnetic recording at 1.5Pbm-2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna},
journal={Nature Photonics},
year={2010},
volume={4},
number={7},
pages={484-488},
doi={10.1038/nphoton.2010.90},
note={cited By 402},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954427296&doi=10.1038%2fnphoton.2010.90&partnerID=40&md5=d53efadba6b8a562554c93f3c1dda9e5},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Storage Technology Research Center, Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 256-8510, Japan},
abstract={Plasmonic devices are capable of efficiently confining and enhancing optical fields, serving as a bridge between the realm of diffraction-limited optics and the nanoscale. Specifically, a plasmonic device can be used to locally heat a recording medium for data storage. Ideally, the recording medium would consist of individually addressable and non-interacting entities, a configuration that has been regarded as the ultimate future hard-drive technology. Here, we describe a plasmonic nano-antenna that is fully integrated into a magnetic recording head and its use for thermally assisted magnetic recording on both continuous and fully-ordered patterned media using nanosecond pulses in a static tester configuration. In the case of patterned media at 1.5Pbm-2 (∼1Tb inch-2) with 24-nm track pitch, we show ideally written bits without disturbing neighbouring tracks. We find a dramatic improvement in track width and optical efficiency compared to continuous media and show that this is largely due to advantageous near-field optical effects. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Diffraction limited;  Magnetic recording heads;  Nanosecond pulse;  Optical efficiency;  Patterned medias;  Plasmonic devices;  Recording medium;  Thermally assisted magnetic recordings, Antennas;  Plasmons, Magnetic recording},
references={Lyman, P., Varian, H.R., (2003) How Much Information?, , http://www.sims.berkeleyedu/how-much-info-2003; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 36-42; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., New recording method combining thermo-magnetic writing and flux detection (1999) Jpn J. Appl. Phys, 38, pp. 1839-1840; McDaniel, T.W., Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording (2005) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 17, pp. R315-R332; Kryder, M.H., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1810-1835; Muhlschlegel, P., Eisler, H.J., Martin, O.J.F., Hecht, B., Pohl, D.W., Resonant optical antennas (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1607-1609; Schuck, P.J., Fromm, D.P., Sundaramurthy, A., Kino, G.S., Moerner, W.E., Improving the mismatch between light and nanoscale objects with gold bowtie nanoantennas (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett, 94, p. 017402; Matsumoto, T., Shimano, T., Saga, H., Sukeda, H., Kiguchi, M., Highly efficient probe with a wedge-shaped metallic plate for high density near-field optical recording (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 95, pp. 3901-3906; Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Itagi, A., Peng, C., Optical transducers for near field recording (2006) Jpn J. Appl. Phys, 45, pp. 6632-6642; Srituravanich, W., Flying plasmonic lens in the near field for high-speed nanolithography (2008) Nature Nanotech, 3, pp. 733-737; Shi, X.L., Hesselink, L., Mechanisms for enhancing power throughput from planar nano-apertures for near-field optical data storage (2002) Jpn J. Appl. Phys, 41, pp. 1632-1635; Itagi, A.V., Stancil, D.D., Bain, J.A., Schlesinger, T.E., Ridge waveguide as a near-field optical source (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 83, pp. 4474-4476; Sendur, K., Peng, C., Challener, W., Near-field radiation from a ridge waveguide transducer in the vicinity of a solid immersion lens (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett, 94, p. 043901; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit in22 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995; Terris, B.D., Nanofabricated, T.T., And self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys D, 38, pp. R199-R222; Challener, W.A., Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer (2009) Nature Photon, 3, pp. 220-224; Matsumoto, T., Thermally assisted magnetic recording on a bit-patterned medium by using a near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 93, p. 031108; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, p. 162502; Yasui, N., Characterization of high density patterned media fabricated by a new anodizing process (2008) J. Appl. Phys, 103, pp. 07C515; Grobis, M., Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 1002320 Gb/in2 (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96, p. 052509; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Hellwig, O., Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution (2010) Appl. Phys. Lett, 96, p. 052511; Martin, Y.C., Hamann, H.F., Wickramasinghe, K., Strength of the electric field in apertureless near-field optical microscopy (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 89, pp. 5774-5778; Johnson, P.B., Christy, R.W., (1974) Optical Constants of Transition Metals: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Pd. Phys. Rev. B, 9, pp. 5056-5070; Hirotsune, A., Improved grain isolation in [Co/Pd]n multilayer media for thermally assisted magnetic recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , in the press; Lim, D.-S., Shin, M.-H., Oh, H.-S., Kim, Y.-J., Opto-thermal analysis of novel heat assisted magnetic recording media based on surface plasmon enhancement (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn, 45, pp. 3844-3847; Sendur, K., Challener, W., Patterned medium for heat assisted magnetic recording (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett, 94, p. 032503},
correspondence_address1={Stipe, B. C.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: barry.stipe@hitachigst.com},
issn={17494885},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Photon.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sato2010,
author={Sato, K. and Ajan, A. and Aoyama, N. and Tanaka, T. and Miyaguchi, Y. and Tsumagari, K. and Morita, T. and Nishihashi, T. and Tanaka, A. and Uzumaki, T.},
title={Magnetization suppression in Co/Pd and CoCrPt by nitrogen ion implantation for bit patterned media fabrication},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={107},
number={12},
doi={10.1063/1.3431529},
art_number={123910},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954187118&doi=10.1063%2f1.3431529&partnerID=40&md5=de524493c76d0b18c98dfd79b3095b66},
affiliation={Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; ULVAC Japan, Ltd., 1220-1 Suyama, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1231, Japan},
abstract={We propose a bit patterned media fabrication method based on low energy nitrogen ion implantation. Nitrogen ion implantation of fcc-Co/Pd multilayer or hcp-CoCrPt single layer suppresses their magnetizations at room temperature. Ion implantation reduces the Curie temperature from 600 to 400 K (or lower) as a result of lattice expansion and reduced exchange interaction between the magnetic atoms in the magnetic layer. We have made media with magnetic dots of 190 to 30 nm in diameter by nitrogen ion doping through resist patterns. Writing and reading of the signal from individual dots were performed with a commercial perpendicular magnetic recording head. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Ion doping;  Lattice expansion;  Low energy nitrogen;  Magnetic atoms;  Magnetic dots;  Magnetic layers;  Magnetization suppression;  Nitrogen ion implantations;  Perpendicular magnetic recording head;  Resist pattern;  Room temperature;  Single layer, Ion exchange;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nitrogen;  Photoresists, Ion implantation},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673. , JAPIAU 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.358164; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Devolder, T., Light ion irradiation of Co/Pt systems: Structural origin of the decrease in magnetic anisotropy (2000) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 62 (9), pp. 5794-5802. , DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5794; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3843. , JAPIAU 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.1401803; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Baglin, J.E.E., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Characterization of the magnetic modification of Co/Pt multilayer films by He+, Ar+, and Ga+ ion irradiation (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (2), p. 279. , DOI 10.1063/1.1432108; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501. , APPLAB 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.2978326; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Clinton, T.W., Sun, L., Chang, L., Van De Veerdonk, R., (2008) 53rd MMM Conference, , FC-05, (unpublished); Schmid, G.M., Miller, M., Brooks, C., Khusnatdinov, N., Labrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Yang, X.M., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27, p. 573. , JVTBD9 1071-1023. 10.1116/1.3081981; Ajan, A., Sato, K., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., (2009) Proceedings of the 11th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference, 4; Fabrication, Magnetic and R/W properties of Nitrogen ion implanted Co/Pd and CoCrPt bit patterned medium (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46 (6), p. 2020. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Aoyama, N., Ajan, A., Sato, K., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., IEEE Trans. Magn., , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 (to be published); Ziegler, J.F., http://www.srim.org; Chikazumi, S., (1964) Physics of Ferromagnetism, , Section 6 (Wiley, New York)},
correspondence_address1={Sato, K.; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; email: ksat@jp.fujitsu.com},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kitahara2010,
author={Kitahara, H. and Uno, Y. and Suzuki, H. and Kobayashi, T. and Tanaka, H. and Kojima, Y. and Kobayashi, M. and Katsumura, M. and Wada, Y. and Iida, T.},
title={Electron beam recorder for patterned media mastering},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={49},
number={6 PART 2},
pages={06GE021-06GE029},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.49.06GE02},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955331769&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.49.06GE02&partnerID=40&md5=3d4368b4c404dd00893cd76c3c342fbf},
affiliation={Microfabrication Process Development Department, Research and Development Group, Pioneer Corporation, 1-2 Fujimi 6-Chome, Tsurugashima, Saitama 350-2288, Japan},
abstract={Patterned media are promising technologies to realize the next-generation hard disk drives (HDD) with an areal density beyond 1 Tbit/in.2. Two types of patterned media have been proposed: one is the discrete track medium (DTM) and the other is the bit-patterned medium (BPM). Both DTM and BPM require very small feature sizes and extremely tight tolerances. The mastering process is a key technology for production of patterned media, and electron beam mastering is the only means to carry out the process. We developed a new electron beam recorder (EBR) for patterned media mastering. In this paper, we introduce the technologies and the recording performance of the EBR. The EBR has four primary technical features: a 100 kV EB column, a high-precision r-θ stage system, a stage error correction system, and an EBR formatter for patterned media. In experimentals, the EBR demonstrated the following recording performance. The EBR achieved sufficient recording accuracy for the requirements of DTM with 1 Tbit/in.2 areal density. The EBR succeeded in high-density recording of a DTM pattern with 35-nm track pitch for over 1.5 Tbit/in.2 areal density. The EBR showed high throughput and good recording stability by recording a 1.8-in. DTM master. In this experiment, the EBR achieved a line width uniformity of less than 1 nm and a short exposure time of about 50 h for whole-area recording. We proved the practicality of the EBR for patterned media production. © 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bit-patterned medium;  Discrete track medium;  Electron beam mastering;  Electron beam recorders;  Exposure-time;  Formatters;  Hard disk drives;  High throughput;  High-density recording;  High-precision;  Key technologies;  Patterned medias;  Recording performance;  Recording stability;  Small features;  Technical features;  Tight tolerances;  Track pitch, Electron beams;  Electron optics;  Hard disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography, Optical disk storage},
references={Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1967; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3220; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Kasono, O., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., (1998) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 37, p. 2137; Wada, Y., Katsumura, M., Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Iida, T., (2001) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, p. 1653; Kitahara, H., Ozawa, Y., Asai, M., Nishida, T., Wada, Y., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43, p. 5068; Katsumura, M., Sato, M., Hashimoto, K., Hosoda, Y., Kasono, O., Kitahara, H., Kobayashi, M., Kuriyama, K., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 44, p. 3578; Kitahara, H., Kojima, Y., Kobayashi, M., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., Iida, T., Kuriyama, K., Yokogawa, F., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, p. 1401; Wada, Y., Tanaka, H., Kitahara, H., Ozawa, Y., Hokari, M., Nishida, T., Suzuki, T., Sugiura, S., (2008) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 6007; Ohyi, H., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, K., Miyazaki, T., Kuba, Y., Morita, H., (2007) Ext. Abstr. 51st Int. Conf. Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN), pp. 4C-2; Isshiki, F., Hosaka, S., Miyamoto, M., Suzuki, T., Yamaoka, M., Kato, K., Sugaya, M., Nishida, T., (2002) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 1714; Goodberlet, J.G., Hastings, J.T., Smith, H.I., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2499; Babin, S., Gaevski, M., Joy, D., MacHin, M., Martynov, A., (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24, p. 2956; Mitsui, K., (1982) Proc. 23rd Int. MTDR Conf., p. 115},
correspondence_address1={Kitahara, H.; Microfabrication Process Development Department, 1-2 Fujimi 6-Chome, Tsurugashima, Saitama 350-2288, Japan; email: hiroaki.kitahara@post.pioneer.co.jp},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Toyoda2010,
author={Toyoda, N. and Hirota, T. and Mashita, T. and Yamada, I.},
title={Refilling and planarization of patterned surface with amorphous carbon films by using gas cluster ion beam assisted deposition},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2010},
volume={49},
number={6 PART 2},
pages={06GH131-06GH134},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.49.06GH13},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955325458&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.49.06GH13&partnerID=40&md5=cc2c49c05bf09f13ae328d3f8398bc88},
affiliation={Incubation Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan},
abstract={Planarization of nano-structured surface has become important for various devices such as the bit patterned media or discrete track media for next generation storage devices. In this study, gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) assisted deposition was used to deposit amorphous carbon film on line-and-space pattern to realize simultaneous refilling and planarization. As GCIB irradiations induce dense energy depositions, the density of the amorphous carbon film deposited with GCIB assisted deposition became high compared to the other chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based deposition technique. The line-and-space pattern was refilled and planarized by deposition of amorphous carbon films by using Ar-GCIB assisted deposition. The thickness required for planarization with amorphous carbon deposition using Ar-GCIB assisted deposition was approximately the initial peak-to-valley height of the line-and-space pattern. Thus, very effective refilling and planarization is realized by using GCIB assisted deposition. © 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Assisted deposition;  Bit-patterned media;  Deposition technique;  Discrete track media;  Energy depositions;  Gas cluster ion beam-assisted deposition;  Gas cluster ion beams;  GCIB assisted deposition;  Line-and-space patterns;  Nanostructured surface;  Patterned surface;  Planarization;  Storage devices, Amorphous carbon;  Amorphous films;  Chemical vapor deposition;  Deposition;  Ion beam assisted deposition;  Ion beams, Carbon films},
references={Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 1836; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2510; Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., (2008) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, p. 1471; Insepov, Z., Yamada, I., (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 121, p. 44; Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., (2008) IEEE Tans. Magn., 44, p. 3476; Toyoda, N., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Yamada, I., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C127; Toyoda, N., Hirota, T., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Hamaguchi, T., Nakao, M., Yamada, I., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3503; Kitagawa, T., Yamada, I., Toyoda, N., Tsubakino, H., Matsuo, J., Takaoka, G.H., Kirkpatrick, A., (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 201, p. 405; Kitagawa, T., Miyauchi, K., Kanda, K., Shimizugawa, Y., Toyoda, N., Tsubakino, H., Matsui, S., Yamada, I., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, p. 3971; Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., (2004) Appl. Surf. Sci., 226, p. 231},
correspondence_address1={Toyoda, N.; Incubation Center, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; email: ntoyoda@incub.u-hyogo.ac.jp},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Eftekharian2010,
author={Eftekharian, A. and Sodagar, M. and Khoshnegar, M. and Khorasani, S. and Adibi, A.},
title={Coupled plasmonic quantum bits},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2010},
volume={7608},
doi={10.1117/12.840094},
art_number={76080M},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VII ; Conference Date: 24 January 2010 Through 28 January 2010;  Conference Code:80180},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951982237&doi=10.1117%2f12.840094&partnerID=40&md5=b68b926ae8dfc05d3c590dab837c8936},
affiliation={School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P. O. Box 11365-9363, Tehran, Iran; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, United States},
abstract={In this paper we introduce a coupled system of two quantum bits residing at the interface of a heterostructure device. The structure encompasses a reference quantum bit, a photonic/plasmonic crystal waveguide and an obedient quantum bit. Each quantum bit is an electronic device which is designed based on an anti-dot lattice of two-dimensional electron gas in heterostructures. By applying a potential gate in the aforementioned structure it is possible to control electronic tunneling rate and hence quantum bits' swapping frequency. Coupling through the plasmonic waveguide may be employed to entangle quantum bits. The waveguide has been designed by exploiting conducting islands of two-dimensional electron gas in a host of layered semiconductor heterostructure, behaving effectively as a patterned metallic thin film. The plasmonic characteristic is here modeled by Drude dispersion which obviates the required frequency dependency of our case. Employment of a plasmonic crystal waveguide benefited from plasmonic nature instead of regular dielectrics decreases the dimensions ten-fold, which helps the structure's size to come within the range of practical fabrication technologies. In order to estimate the evolution of the entangled state of the pair of quantum bits, it is necessary to estimate the coupling coefficient between electronic and optical subsystems. This parameter can be regarded as a design goal of matched electronic and optical structures, and has been discussed in detail for the optimization purposes. In the present work, both plasmonic and electronic properties are investigated. For simulating different sections, revised guided mode expansion (RGME) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods are employed. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.},
author_keywords={Coupling;  Dispersive media;  Effective index;  Harmonic inversion;  Plasmonic crystals;  Quantum bits;  Revised guided mode expansion},
keywords={Dispersive media;  Effective index;  Guided modes;  Harmonic inversions;  Plasmonic crystals;  Quantum bits;  Revised guided mode expansion, Crystal structure;  Crystals;  Electron devices;  Electron gas;  Electronic properties;  Electrons;  Finite difference time domain method;  Guided electromagnetic wave propagation;  Heterojunctions;  Nanophotonics;  Plasmons;  Quantum optics;  Two dimensional;  Two dimensional electron gas;  Waveguides, Quantum entanglement},
references={John, S., Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 58, pp. 2486-2489; Eftekharian, A., Sodagar, M., Khoshnegar, M., Khorasani, S., Chamanzar, M., Adibi, A., Revised Guided Mode Expansion on Dispersive Photonic Media (2009) Proc. SPIE, 7223, pp. 72230U; Motoichi, O., (2004) Progress in Nano-electro Optics, , Springer, Berlin; Pedersen, J., Flindt, C., Asger Mortensen, N., Jauho, A., Spin qubits in antidot lattices (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 045325; Tonks, L., Langmuir, I., Oscillations in ionized gases (1929) Phys. Rev., 33, pp. 195-210; Ritchie, R.H., Plasma Losses by Fast Electrons in Thin Films (1957) Phys. Rev., 106, pp. 874-881; Lezec, H.J., Degiron, A., Devaux, E., Linke, R.A., Martin-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F.J., Ebbesen, T.W., Beaming Light from a Subwavelength Aperture (2002) Science, 297, pp. 820-822; Pitarke, J.M., Silkin, V.M., Chulkov, E.V., Echenique, P.M., Theory of surface plasmons and surface-plasmon polaritons (2007) Rep. Prog. Phys., 70, pp. 1-87; Jackson, J.D., (1962) Classical Electrodynamics, , Wiley; Ritchie, R.H., Eldridge, H.B., Optical Emission from Irradiated Foils. I (1962) Phys. Rev., 126, pp. 1935-1947; Ashcroft, N.W., Mermin, N.D., (1976) Solid State Physics, , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York; Otto, A., Excitation of nonradiative surface plasma waves in silver by the method of frustrated total reflection (1968) Z. Phys., 216, pp. 398-410; Kretschmann, E., Raether, H., Radiative decay of nonradiative surface plasmon excited by light (1968) Z. Naturf. A, 23, pp. 2135-2136; Busch, K., John, S., Photonic band gap formation in certain self-organizing systems (1998) Physical Review e - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, 58 (3 SUPPL. B), pp. 3896-3908; Ho, K.M., Chan, C.T., Soukoulis, C.M., Existence of a photonic gap in periodic dielectric structures (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, pp. 3152-3155; Suzuki, T.Y., Paul, K.L., Tunneling in photonic band structures (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12, pp. 804-820; Istrate, E., Green, A.A., Sargent, E.H., Behavior of light at photonic crystal interfaces (2005) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 71 (19), p. 195122. , http://oai.aps.org/oai/?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix= oai_apsmeta_2&set=journal:PRB:71, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.195122; Weiss, D., Richter, K., Menschig, A., Bergmann, R., Schweizer, H., Von Klitzing, K., Weimann, G., Quantized periodic orbits in large antidot arrays (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, pp. 4118-4121; Ensslin, K., Petroff, P.M., Magnetotransport through an antidot lattice in GaAs-AlxGa 1-xAs heterostructures (1990) Phys. Rev. B, 41, pp. 12307-12310; Flindt, C., Mortensen, N.A., Jauho, A.-P., Quantum computing via defect states in two-dimensional antidot lattices (2005) Nano Letters, 5 (12), pp. 2515-2518. , DOI 10.1021/nl0518472; Luo, Y., Misra, V., Large-area long-range ordered anisotropic magnetic nanostructure fabrication by photolithography (2006) Nanotechnology, 17 (19), pp. 4909-4911. , DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/021, PII S0957448406268582, 021; Martín, J.I., Nogués, J., Liu, K., Vincent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., Ordered Magnetic Nanostructures: Fabrication and Properties (2003) J. Mag. Mag. Mat., 256, pp. 449-501; Dorn, A., Bieri, E., Ihn, T., Ensslin, K., Driscoll, D.D., Gossard, A.C., Interplay between the periodic potential modulation and random background scatterers in an antidot lattice (2005) Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 71 (3), pp. 1-5. , DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.035343, 035343; Pedersen, J., Flindt, C., Mortensen, N.A., Jauho, A.-P., Quantum information processing using designed defects in 2D anti-dot lattices (2007) AIP Conf. Proc., 893, p. 821; Shi, S., Chen, C., Prather, D.W., Revised plane wave method for dispersive material and its application to band structure calculations of photonic crystal slabs (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86 (4), pp. 431041-431043. , DOI 10.1063/1.1855425, 043104; Feng, C.S., Mei, L.M., Cai, L.Z., Yang, X.L., Wei, S.S., Li, P., A plane-wave-based approach for complex photonic band structure (2006) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, pp. 4316-4323; Mortensen, N.A., Semianalytical approach to short-wavelength dispersion and modal properties of photonic crystal fibers (2005) Opt. Lett., 30, pp. 1455-1457; Mortensen, N.A., Photonic crystal fibres: Mapping Maxwell's equations onto a Schrödinger equation eigenvalue problem (2006) J. Eur. Opt. Soc., 1, p. 06009; Laura, P.A., Romanelli, E., Maurizi, M.J., On the analysis of waveguides of doubly-connected cross-section by the method of conformal mapping (1972) J. Sound Vibr., 20, pp. 27-38; Glazman, L.I., Lesovik, G.K., Khmelnitskii, D.E., Shekter, R.I., Reflectionless quantum transport and fundamental ballistic-resistance steps in microscopic constrictions (1988) JETP Lett., 48, pp. 238-241; Soriano, A., Navarro, E.A., Porti, J.A., Such, V., Analysis of the finite difference time domain technique to solve the Schrödinger equation for quantum devices (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, pp. 8011-8018; Vogel, W., Welsch, D., (2006) Quantum Optics, , 3rd ed., Wiley},
correspondence_address1={Khorasani, S.; School of Electrical Engineering, P. O. Box 11365-9363, Tehran, Iran; email: khorasani@sina.sharif.edu},
sponsors={The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819480040},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{El-Hilo20101279,
author={El-Hilo, M.},
title={Effects of array arrangements in nano-patterned thin film media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2010},
volume={322},
number={9-12},
pages={1279-1282},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.06.036},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949302734&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2009.06.036&partnerID=40&md5=c19ef2255b26143414c3cbc6eca9e26f},
affiliation={Department of Physics, University of Bahrain, P.O. 32038, Sakhir, Bahrain},
abstract={In this work, the effect of different arrays arrangements on the magnetic behaviour of patterned thin film media is simulated. The modeled films consist of 80×80 cobalt grains of uniform diameter (20 nm) distributed into two different array arrangement: hexagonal (triangular) or square arrays. In addition to that, for each array arrangement, two cases of anisotropy orientations, random and textured films are considered. For both array arrangements and media orientations, hysteresis loops at different array separation (d) were simulated. Predictions show that for closely packed films, the shearing effects on the magnetization loop are much larger for the square array arrangement than the hexagonal one. According to these predictions, the bit switching field distribution in interacting 2D systems is much narrower for the hexagonal array arrangement. This result could be very important for high-density magnetic recording where a narrow bit switching field distribution is required. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Array arrangement;  Dipolar interaction effect;  Nano-patterned thin film},
keywords={2-D systems;  Anisotropy orientation;  Dipolar interaction;  Hexagonal arrays;  High-density magnetic recording;  Magnetic behaviour;  Magnetization loops;  Patterned thin films;  Square array;  Switching field distribution;  Textured films;  Uniform diameter, Cobalt;  Forecasting;  Hysteresis;  Hysteresis loops;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Thin films, Thin film devices},
references={Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692; Guan, L., Zhu, J., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (5), p. 2297; Hellwing, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449; El-Hilo, M., Chantrell, R., O'Grady, K., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, p. 5114; Bertram, H.N., Seberino, C., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 193, p. 388; Liu, A.D., Bertram, H.N., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 2861; Pfeiffer, H., (1990) Phys. Status Solidi, 118, p. 295; Wang, X., Bertram, H.N., Safonov, V.L., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 2064; Neel, L., Acad, C.R., (1947) Sci. Paris, 224, p. 1550; Hughes, G.F., (1983) J. Appl. Phys., 54, p. 5306; Zhu, J., Bertram, N., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63, p. 3248; Wohlfarth, E.P., (1955) Proc. R Soc. London Ser. A, 232, p. 208},
correspondence_address1={El-Hilo, M.; Department of Physics, P.O. 32038, Sakhir, Bahrain; email: mhilo@rocketmail.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Murthy201047,
author={Murthy, A.N. and Duwensee, M. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for patterned: Media},
journal={Tribology Letters},
year={2010},
volume={38},
number={1},
pages={47-55},
doi={10.1007/s11249-009-9570-z},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952673391&doi=10.1007%2fs11249-009-9570-z&partnerID=40&md5=a89c9048ac310855313177903294b1ba},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={The use of patterned media is a new approach proposed to extend the recording densities of hard disk drives beyond 1 Tb/in. . Bit-patterned media (BPM) overcome the thermal stability problems of conventional media by using single-domain islands for each bit of recorded information, thereby eliminating the magnetic transition noise (Albrecht et al., Magnetic Recording on Patterned Media, 2003). Considering steady state conditions, we have transferred the pattern from the disk surface onto the slider surface and have investigated the pressure generation due to the bit pattern. To reduce the numerical complexity, we have generated the bit pattern only in the areas of the slider near the trailing edge, where the spacing is small. Cylindrical protrusions were modeled using very small mesh size on the order of nanometers to obtain the flying characteristics for the entire slider air bearing surface (ABS) using the "CMRR" finite element Reynolds equation simulator (Duwensee et al., Microsyst Technol, 2006; Wahl et al., STLE Tribol Trans, 39(1), 1996). The effect of pattern height, pattern diameter, slider skew angle, and slider pitch angle on flying height of a typical slider is investigated. Numerical results show that the flying height decreases for a patterned slider and the change in flying height is a function of the pattern height and ratio of the pattern diameter to the pattern pitch. In comparison to discrete track media, the flying height loss is larger for a. patterned slider disk interface for the same recessed area of pattern. © The Author(s) 2010.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Finite element method;  Magnetic data storage;  Patterned slider;  Slider air bearing},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Discrete track media;  Disk surfaces;  Finite Element;  Flying heights;  Hard Disk Drive;  Head/disk interfaces;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic transitions;  Mesh size;  New approaches;  Numerical complexity;  Numerical results;  Numerical simulation;  Pattern heights;  Pattern pitch;  Patterned medias;  Patterned slider;  Pitch angle;  Pressure generation;  Recording density;  Single domains;  Skew angles;  Slider air bearings;  Steady-state condition;  Thermal stability;  Trailing edges, Bearings (structural);  Computer simulation;  Disks (structural components);  Finite element method;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Reynolds equation;  Thermogravimetric analysis, Magnetic storage},
references={Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Anders, S., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic recording on patterned media (2003) Joint NAPMRC 2003, p. 36. , 6-8 Jan; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 670-675. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Mag., 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491; Gui, J., Tang, H., Wang, L.-P., Rauch, G.C., Boutaghou, Z., Hanchi, J., Pitchford, T., Segar, P., Slip sliding away: A novel head disk interface and its tribology (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5383-5388; Fua, T.-C., Suzuki, S., Low stiction/low glide height head disk interface for high-performance disk drive (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 5600-5605; Li, W.-L., Lee, S.-C., Chen, C.-W., Tsai, F.-R., Chen, M.-D., Chien, W.-T., The flying height analysis of patterned sliders in magnetic hard disk drives (2005) Microsyst. Technol., 11 (1), pp. 23-31; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, pp. 568-574; Tagawa, N., Hayashi, T., Mori, A., Effects of moving three-dimensional nano-textured disk surfaces on thin film gas lubrication characteristics for flying head slider bearings in magnetic storage (2001) ASME J. Tribol., 123, pp. 151-158; Tagawa, N., Mori, A., Thin film gas lubrication characteristics of flying head slider bearings over patterned media in hard disk drives (2003) Microsyst. Technol., 9, pp. 362-368; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2006) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (8-10), pp. 1023-1030; Buscaglia, G., Jai, M., Homogenization of the generalized Reynolds equation for ultrathin gas films and its resolution by FEM (2004) ASME J. Tribol., 126, pp. 547-552; Alexander, F., Garcia, A., Alder, B., Direct simulation Monte Carlo for thin-film bearings (1994) Phys. Fluids, 6 (12), pp. 3854-3860; Huang, W., Bogy, D., Garcia, A., Three-dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method for slider air bearings (1997) Phys. Fluids, 9 (6), pp. 1764-1769; Huang, W., Bogy, D., An investigation of a slider air bearing with an asperity contact by a three dimensional direct simulation Monte Carlo method (1998) IEEE Trans. Mag., 34 (4), pp. 1810-1812; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F., Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track recording head/disk interfaces (2009) ASME J. Tribol., 131 (1), pp. 12001-12007; Wahl, M., Lee, P., Talke, F., An efficient finite element-based air bearing simulator for pivoted slider bearings using bi-conjugate gradient algorithms (1996) STLE Tribol. Trans., 39 (1), pp. 130-138; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized Boltzmann equation: First report-derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) ASME J. Tribol., 110, pp. 253-262; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., A database for interpolation of Poiseuille flow rates of High Knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) ASME J. Tribol., 112, p. 78; Buscaglia, G., Ciuperca, I., Jai, M., The effect of periodic textures on the static characteristics of thrust bearings (2005) ASME J. Tribol., 127, pp. 899-902; Buscaglia, G., Ciuperca, I., Jai, M., On the optimization of surface textures for lubricated contacts (2007) J. Math. Anal. Appl., 335, pp. 1309-1327},
correspondence_address1={Murthy, A. N.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: amurthy@talkelab.ucsd.edu},
issn={10238883},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tribol. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu20101102,
author={Hu, J. and Duman, T.M. and Erden, M.F. and Kavcic, A.},
title={Achievable information rates for channels with insertions, deletions, and intersymbol interference with i.i.d. inputs},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Communications},
year={2010},
volume={58},
number={4},
pages={1102-1111},
doi={10.1109/TCOMM.2010.04.080683},
art_number={5439313},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950622321&doi=10.1109%2fTCOMM.2010.04.080683&partnerID=40&md5=d54e174b245060b7005b022bdaebdcf2},
affiliation={Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; School of ECEE, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5706, United States; Seagate Technology, 7801 Computer Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55435, United States; University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, United States},
abstract={We propose to use various trellis structures to characterize different types of insertion and deletion channels. We start with binary independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) insertion or deletion channels, propose a trellis representation and develop a simulation based algorithm to estimate the corresponding information rates with independent and uniformly distributed inputs. This approach is then generalized to other cases, including channels with additive white Gaussian noise, channels with both insertions and deletions, and channels with intersymbol interference (ISI) where the latter model is motivated by the recent developments on bit-patterned media recording. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and flexible technique to closely estimate the achievable information rates for channels with insertions and/or deletions with or without intersymbol interference when i.i.d. inputs are employed while we also provide some notes on the achievable information rates when Markov inputs are used. We emphasize that our method is useful for evaluating information rates for channels with insertion/deletions with additional impairments where there does not seem to be a hope of obtaining fully analytical results. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bitpatterned media recording;  Deletion channel;  Information rates;  Insertion channel;  Intersymbol interference;  Synchronization errors},
keywords={Achievable information rate;  Additive White Gaussian noise;  Analytical results;  Bit-patterned media;  Channel information;  Deletion channel;  Information rates;  Insertions and deletions;  Simulation-based algorithms;  Synchronization error, Algorithms;  Errors;  Gaussian noise (electronic);  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Optical communication;  White noise, Channel capacity},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, NSF-TF0830611},
funding_details={Seagate TechnologySeagate Technology},
funding_text 1={Paper approved by H. Leib, the Editor for Communication and Information Theory of the IEEE Communications Society. Manuscript received December 26, 2008; revised May 6, 2009 and July 17, 2009. J. Hu is with Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA (e-mail: hujun@asu.edu). T. M. Duman is with the School of ECEE, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5706, USA (e-mail: duman@asu.edu). M. F. Erden is with Seagate Technology, 7801 Computer Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55435, USA (e-mail: fatih.erden@seagate.com). A. Kavcic is with University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA (e-mail: kavcic@hawaii.edu). The work in this paper was primarily supported by Seagate Technology. T. M. Duman’s work is also funded in part by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-TF0830611. This paper was presented in part at the IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2008, and in part at the IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2008. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TCOMM.2010.04.080683},
references={Gallager, R.G., (1961) Sequential Decoding for Binary Channels with Noise and Synchronization Errors, , MIT Lincoln Lab. Group Rep. Oct; Zigangirov, K.S., Sequential decoding for a binary channel with dropouts and insertions (1969) Probl. Inf. Transm., 5 (2), pp. 17-22; Ullman, J.D., On the capabilities of codes to correct synchronization errors (1967) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-13 (1), pp. 95-105. , Jan; Diggavi, S., Grossglauser, M., On information transmission over a finite buffer channel (2006) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (3), pp. 1226-1237. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2005.864445; Drinea, E., Mitzenmacher, M., On lower bounds for the capacity of deletion channels (2006) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (10), pp. 4648-4657. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2006.881832; Drinea, E., Mitzenmacher, M., Improved lower bounds for the capacity of i.i.d. deletion and duplication channels (2007) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 53 (8), pp. 2693-2714. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2007.901221; Drinea, E., Kirsch, A., Directly lower bounding the information capacity for channels with i.i.d. deletions and duplications (2007) Proc. IEEE International Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 1731-1735. , June; Diggavi, S., Mitzenmacher, M., Pfister, H., Capacity upper bounds for deletion channels (2007) Proc. IEEE International Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), , Nice, France, June; Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Novel bounds on the capacity of the binary deletion channel IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, , to appear; Fertonani, D., Duman, T.M., Erden, M.F., Bounds on the capacity of channels with insertions, deletions and substitutions (2009) IEEE Trans. Commun., , submitted to Mar; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M. L. Plumer, J. V. Ek, and D. Weller, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ch. 7; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, F., Bit patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Arnold, D., Loeliger, H.-A., On the information rate of binary-input channels with memory (2001) IEEE International Conference on Communications, 9, pp. 2692-2695; Pfister, H.D., Soriaga, J.B., Siegel, P.H., On the achievable information rates of finite state ISI channels (2001) Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), 5, pp. 2992-2996. , San Antonio, TX, Nov; Zhang, Z., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Achievable information rates and coding for MIMO systems over ISI channels and frequencyselective fading channels (2004) IEEE Trans. Commun., 52 (10), pp. 1698-1710. , Oct; Intersymbol interference channels with signal dependent non-Gaussian noise: Estimation of achievable information rates (2006) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 42 (5), pp. 1629-1631. , May; Kavcic, A., Motwani, R., Insertion/deletion channels: Reduced-state lower bounds on channel capacities (2004) Proc. IEEE International Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), p. 229. , Chicago, IL, June; Zeng, W., Tokas, J., Motwani, R., Kavcic, A., Bounds on mutual informatin rates of noisy channels with timing errors (2005) Proc. IEEE International Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), pp. 709-713. , Adelaide, Australia; Arnold, D., Kavcic, A., Loeliger, H.-A., Vontobel, P., Zeng, W., Simulation based computation of information rates: Upper and lower bounds by reduced-state techniques (2003) Proc. IEEE International Symp. Inf. Theory (ISIT), p. 119. , Yokohama, Japan, June; Arnold, D.M., Loeliger, H.-A., Vontobel, P.O., Kavcic, A., Zeng, W., Simulation-based computation of information rates for channels with memory (2006) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52 (8), pp. 3498-3508. , DOI 10.1109/TIT.2006.878110; Dobrushin, R.L., Shannon's theorems for channels with synchronization errros (1967) Probl. Inf. Transm., 3 (4), pp. 11-26; Davey, M.C., MacKay, D.J.C., Reliable communications over channels with insertions, deletion and substitutions (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 687-698. , Feb; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Erden, F., Achievable rates for bit patterned media recording with write asynchronism (2007) The 8th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conf. (PMRC), , Tokyo, Japan, Oct; (2004) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, , B. Vasic and E. M. Kurtas, Eds., Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press},
correspondence_address1={Hu, J.; Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; email: hujun@asu.edu},
issn={00906778},
coden={IECMB},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Commun},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Günther2010,
author={Günther, C.M. and Hellwig, O. and Menzel, A. and Pfau, B. and Radu, F. and Makarov, D. and Albrecht, M. and Goncharov, A. and Schrefl, T. and Schlotter, W.F. and Rick, R. and Lüning, J. and Eisebitt, S.},
title={Microscopic reversal behavior of magnetically capped nanospheres},
journal={Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},
year={2010},
volume={81},
number={6},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevB.81.064411},
art_number={064411},
note={cited By 38},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954822826&doi=10.1103%2fPhysRevB.81.064411&partnerID=40&md5=faf23690aee9935d8a1ca4d546bd5e04},
affiliation={Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD Sheffield, United Kingdom; St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria; SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; LCPMR (UMR 7614), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland},
abstract={The magnetic switching behavior of Co/Pd multilayer-capped nanospheres is investigated by x-ray spectro-holography. Images of the magnetic state of individual nanocaps are recorded as a function of externally applied magnetic field and the angle under which the field is applied, pertaining to magnetic data storage applications with patterned, tilted, and perpendicular storage media. Dispersed nanospheres with different coverage in the submonolayer regime are investigated simultaneously in a multiplexed experiment. In clustered nanosphere arrangements, we find that individual switching events are influenced by dipolar magnetostatic interactions. Micromagnetic simulations of the switching behavior complement the experimental observations, corroborating the influence of thermal activation processes and magnetostatic interactions in this system. Such magnetostatic interactions could lead to undesired cross-talk between bits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording applications. © 2010 The American Physical Society.},
references={Plummer, M.L., Van Ek, J., Weller, D., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , Springer, Berlin; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 35 (19), pp. R157-R167. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/35/19/201, PII S0022372702357693; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 102 (1), p. 011301. , DOI 10.1063/1.2750414; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Martín, J.I., Nogués, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00898-3; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., Magnetic multilayers on nanospheres (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 203-206. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1324; Ulbrich, T.C., Makarov, D., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Magnetization reversal in a novel gradient nanomaterial (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (7), pp. 1-4. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.077202&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.077202, 077202; Ulbrich, T.C., Assmann, D., Albrecht, M., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 084311. , 10.1063/1.3003064; Kappenberger, P., Luo, F., Heyderman, L.J., Solak, H.H., Padeste, C., Brombacher, C., Makarov, D., Albrecht, M., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 023116. , 10.1063/1.3176937; Eisebitt, S., Luning, J., Schlotter, W.F., Lorgen, M., Hellwig, O., Eberhardt, W., Stohr, J., Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography (2004) Nature, 432 (7019), pp. 885-888. , DOI 10.1038/nature03139; Schlotter, W.F., Rick, R., Chen, K., Scherz, A., Stohr, J., Luning, J., Eisebitt, S., McNulty, I., Multiple reference Fourier transform holography with soft x rays (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 89 (16), p. 163112. , DOI 10.1063/1.2364259; Schlotter, W.F., Luning, J., Rick, R., Chen, K., Scherz, A., Eisebitt, S., Gunther, C.M., Stohr, J., Extended field of view soft x-ray Fourier transform holography: Toward imaging ultrafast evolution in a single shot (2007) Optics Letters, 32 (21), pp. 3110-3112. , http://ol.osa.org/DirectPDFAccess/546C65B4-BDB9-137E- C6C186E450872645_144293.pdf?da=1&id=144293&seq=0&CFID= 20774158&CFTOKEN=92945746, DOI 10.1364/OL.32.003110; Hellwig, O., Eisebitt, S., Eberhardt, W., Schlotter, W.F., Lüning, J., Stöhr, J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08H307. , 10.1063/1.2165925; Eisebitt, S., Lorgen, M., Eberhardt, W., Luning, J., Stohr, J., Lensless X-ray imaging of magnetic materials: Basic considerations (2005) Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 80 (5), pp. 921-927. , DOI 10.1007/s00339-004-3117-9; Eisebitt, S., Lörgen, M., Eberhardt, W., Lüning, J., Stöhr, J., Rettner, C.T., Hellwig, O., Denbeaux, G., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 104419. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.104419; Wang, J.P., Zou, Y.Y., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Zheng, Y.F., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1930. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.813775; Wang, J.-P., Magnetic data storage: Tilting for the top (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 191-192. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1344; Grabis, J., Nefedov, A., Zabel, H., (2003) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 74, p. 4048. , 10.1063/1.1602932; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, p. 12. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00388-8; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Dittrich, R., Hu, G., Schrefl, T., Thomson, T., Suess, D., Terris, B.D., Fidler, J., Angular dependence of the switching field in patterned magnetic elements (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1851931, 10J705; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Forster, H., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2839. , 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816239; Suess, D., Eder, S., Lee, J., Dittrich, R., Fidler, J., Harrell, J.W., Schrefl, T., Berger, A., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.174430},
correspondence_address1={Eisebitt, S.; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany; email: eisebitt@physik.tu-berlin.de},
issn={10980121},
coden={PRBMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Grobis2010,
author={Grobis, M. and Dobisz, E. and Hellwig, O. and Schabes, M.E. and Zeltzer, G. and Hauet, T. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Measurements of the write error rate in bit patterned magnetic recording at 100-320 Gb/in2},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2010},
volume={96},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.3304166},
art_number={052509},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76449113746&doi=10.1063%2f1.3304166&partnerID=40&md5=8ad8461ee4c5e97141eef7e168dff474},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={We demonstrate a technique for measuring the intrinsic bit-error-rate as a function of write misregistration in bit patterned media. We examine the recording performance at bit densities of 100, 200, and 320 Gigabits per square inch (Gb/ in2) and find that the on-track write misregistration margin for error rates below 10-4 is ∼1/4 of a bit length for all three densities. We demonstrate two-dimensional recording at sub 10 -4 bit error rate at 100 and 200 Gb/ in2 and with a 10-3 bit error rate at 320 Gb/ in2. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit density;  Bit lengths;  Bit-patterned media;  Error rate;  Misregistration;  Recording performance, Magnetic recording, Bit error rate},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Albrecht, T.R., Hellwig, O., Ruiz, R., Schabes, M.E., Terris, B.D., Wu, X., (2005) Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications, 38, p. 199. , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 0022-3727, () 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01;, in, edited by J. P. Liu, E. Fullerton, O. Gutfleisch, and D. J. Sellmyer (Springer, Dordrecht, 2009), 237-274. 10.1007/978-0-387-85600-1-9; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Van Der Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Schabes, M.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255. , 0018-9464, () 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 88, 222512 (2006) 10.1063/1.2209179;, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 0304-8853 320, 2880 (2008). 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Kikitsu, A., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409. , 0003-6951, () 10.1063/1.1476062;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 81, 2875 (2002) 10.1063/1.1512946;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 91, 162502 (2007) 10.1063/1.2799174;, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 0304-8853 321, 526 (2009). 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039; Suzuki, H., Messner, W.C., Bain, J.A., Bhagavatula, V., Nabavi, S., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 3749. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2021571; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.2978326; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 822. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010642; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Hart, M.W., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516. , 0003-6951, () 10.1063/1.123885;, IEEE Trans. Magn. 0018-9464 39, 2323 (2003) 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816285;, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 103, 07C515 (2008) 10.1063/1.2837497;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 84, 1519 (2004) 10.1063/1.1644341;, J. Appl. Phys. 0021-8979 95, 7013 (2004). 10.1063/1.1669343; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 917. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010676; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., Hellwig, O., Hellwig, O., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 2473. , 0003-6951, () 10.1063/1.125052;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 90, 162516 (2007) 10.1063/1.2730744;, Appl. Phys. Lett. 0003-6951 95, 262504 (2009). 10.1063/1.3276911; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3013857; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.370077},
correspondence_address1={Grobis, M.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: michael.grobis@hitachigst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2010,
author={Hellwig, O. and Bosworth, J.K. and Dobisz, E. and Kercher, D. and Hauet, T. and Zeltzer, G. and Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D. and Yaney, D. and Ruiz, R.},
title={Bit patterned media based on block copolymer directed assembly with narrow magnetic switching field distribution},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2010},
volume={96},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.3293301},
art_number={052511},
note={cited By 100},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76449101109&doi=10.1063%2f1.3293301&partnerID=40&md5=75d93ed1b96055dd029a4b544b2ea460},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Electron-beam (E-beam) directed assembly, which combines the long-range phase and placement registration of e-beam lithography with the sharp dot size and spacing uniformity of block copolymer self assembly, is considered highly promising for fabricating templates that meet the tight magnetic specifications required for write synchronization in bit patterned media magnetic recording systems. In our study, we show that this approach also yields a narrower magnetic switching field distribution (SFD) than e-beam patterning or block copolymer self-assembly alone. We demonstrate that the pattern uniformity, i.e., island diameter and placement distributions are also important for achieving tight magnetic SFDs. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymer self-assembly;  Directed assembly;  Dot size;  e-Beam lithography;  E-beam patterning;  Magnetic recording systems;  Magnetic switching;  Spacing uniformity, Block copolymers;  Copolymerization;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Self assembly;  Shock absorbers, Magnetism},
references={Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 0304-8853,. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936. , 0036-8075,. 10.1126/science.1157626; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3271679; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414; Hauet, T., Dobisz, E., Florez, S., Park, J., Lengsfield, B., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 262504. , 10.1063/1.3276911; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Guarini, K.W., Black, C.T., Yeuing, S.H.I., (2002) Adv. Mater., 14, p. 1290. , 0935-9648,. 10.1002/1521-4095(20020916)14:18<1290::AID-ADMA1290>3. 0.CO;2-N; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.C., Zhang, Y., (2008) MRS Bull., 33, p. 838. , For patterned media and template fabrication by block copolymers, see, 0883-7694, ();, IBM J. Res. Dev. 0018-8646 51, 605 (2007), and references therein; Mansky, P., Liu, Y., Huang, E., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., Controlling polymer-surface interactions with random copolymer brushes (1997) Science, 275 (5305), pp. 1458-1460. , DOI 10.1126/science.275.5305.1458; Ruiz, R., Bosworth, J.K., Black, C.T., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 054204. , 0163-1829,. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.054204; Hammond, M.R., Sides, S.W., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Ruokolainen, J., Hahn, S.F., (2003) Macromolecules, 36, p. 8712. , 0024-9297,. 10.1021/ma026001o; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Kortright, J.B., Fullerton, E.E., Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 319 (1-2), pp. 13-55. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035, PII S030488530700649X; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3013857; Baltz, V., Rodmacq, B., Bollero, A., Ferŕ, J., Landis, S., Dieny, B., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052503. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.3078523},
correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: olav.hellwig@hitachigst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nabavi2010135,
author={Nabavi, S. and Jeon, S. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.},
title={An analytical approach for performance evaluation of bit-patterned media channels},
journal={IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
year={2010},
volume={28},
number={2},
pages={135-142},
doi={10.1109/JSAC.2010.100202},
art_number={5402480},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84055177508&doi=10.1109%2fJSAC.2010.100202&partnerID=40&md5=38e3759625d190b1d7b2185359726a65},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States},
abstract={In this work, a new analytical approach is used to evaluate the error performance of bit-patterned media (BPM) magnetic recording channels that employ one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) generalized partial response (GPR) equalizers to combat the significant inter-track interference (ITI) expected in BPM magnetic recording systems. The probability density function of ITI is obtained analytically and is used to estimate the bit error rate (BER) from the Viterbi detector. The proposed method takes into account most of the important factors affecting the BER such as ITI, un-equalized intersymbol interference (ISI), colored noise and the distance and the multiplicity of error events. In this work, it is shown that for 1D channels, modeling ITI and un-equalized ISI by Gaussian PDFs leads to inaccurate BERs and that the non-Gaussian distribution of the ITI and un-equalized ISI must be taken into account for more accurate BER estimates. This method provides fast and accurate estimates of BERs for moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). By using this analytical method, time-consuming numerical simulations for error performance evaluation can be avoided. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit error rate;  Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interference;  Performance analysis;  Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Analytical approach;  Analytical method;  Bit-patterned media;  Colored noise;  Error events;  Error performance;  Gaussians;  Generalized partial response;  High signal-to-noise ratio;  Inter-track interferences;  Magnetic recording channels;  Magnetic recording systems;  Non-gaussian distribution;  Performance analysis;  Performance evaluation;  Viterbi;  Viterbi detectors, Estimation;  Fading (radio);  Intersymbol interference;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Numerical methods;  Probability density function;  Signal to noise ratio;  Trellis codes;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit error rate},
references={White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , DOI 10.1109/ICC.2007.1035, 4289706, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.914966, 4475331; Keskinoz, M., Soft feedback equalization for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3793-3796; Forney Jr., G.D., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 18 (3), pp. 363-378; Sawaguchi, H., Nishida, Y., Takano, H., Aoi, H., Performance analysis of modified PRML channels for perpendicular recording systems (2001) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 235 (1-3), pp. 265-272. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00357-2, PII S0304885301003572; Cideciyan, R.D., Eleftheriou, E., Tomasin, S., Performance analysis of magnetic recording systems (2001) IEEE International Conference on Communications, 9, pp. 2711-2715; Altekar, S.A., Berggren, M., Moision, B.E., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Error-event characterization on partial-response channels (1999) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 45 (1), pp. 241-247; He, R., Nazari, N., An analytical approach for performance evaluation of partial response systems in the presence of signal-dependent medium noise (1999) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'99, 1 B, pp. 939-943; Seungjune, J., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Error event analysis of partial response targets for perpendicular magnetic recording (2007) GLOBECOM - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, pp. 277-282. , DOI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2007.59, 4410969, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - 2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Proceedings; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088; Abbott, W.L., Cioffi, J.M., Thapar, H.K., Offtrack interference and equalization in magnetic recording (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24 (6), pp. 2964-2966; Abbott, W.L., Cioffi, J.M., Thapar, H.K., Performance of digital magnetic recording with equalization and offtrack interference (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (1), pp. 705-716; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Burkhardt, H., Barbosa, L.C., Contributions to the application of the Viterbi algorithm (1985) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 31 (5), pp. 626-634},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States},
issn={07338716},
coden={ISACE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE J Sel Areas Commun},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hachisu2010107,
author={Hachisu, T. and Sugiyama, A. and Osaka, T.},
title={Development on self-assembly technique for arrangement of chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticles},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2010},
volume={33},
number={34},
pages={107-113},
doi={10.1149/1.3573592},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 11th International Symposium on Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices - 218th ECS Meeting ; Conference Date: 11 October 2010 Through 12 October 2010;  Conference Code:88675},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857407112&doi=10.1149%2f1.3573592&partnerID=40&md5=b89d21d2e050d45ddf6286d2665e355a},
affiliation={Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={This paper reviews our study of bit patterned media (BPM) using L1 0 (face centered tetragonal)-FePt nanoparticles. For the practical use of L10-FePt nanoparticles to BPM, some breakthroughs are required: a highly ordered two-dimensional array of nanoparticles on a substrate, a controlled orientation of the axis of easy magnetization in vertical direction on a substrate. Previously, we reported about the achievement for uniformity FePt nanoparticles by controlling chemical synthesis conditions. Moreover, we confirmed the selective chemical interaction Pt in the surface of FePt nanoparticles and SH group with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). This study presented a new hybrid technique combining the selective chemical bonding and a substrate with a geometrical grid in order to control the array of FePt nanoparticles with uniform direction of their magnetization. We succeed in preparing uniform array of nanoparticles on geometrical grid with size of 200 nm square prepared using ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL). ©The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Chemical bonds;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetization;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanoparticles;  Synthesis (chemical), Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Chemical interactions;  Controlled orientation;  Self-assembly technique;  Synthesis conditions;  Two-dimensional arrays;  Ultraviolet-nanoimprint lithography;  Vertical direction, Self assembly},
references={(2008) An IDC White Paper Sponsored by EMC, p. 1; Iwasaki, S., Abstract of the First Topical Symposium of Magn. Soc. Jpn., 1977; (1977) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 1 (2), p. 5. , republished in; Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., (1977) IEEE Trans. Mang., 13, p. 1272; Tanaka, Y., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 468; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272, p. 1692; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Lei, L., XiaoMin, Y., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2417; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Miyamoto, H., Shiroishi, Y., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 2507; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 917; Lim, F., Wilson, B., Wood, R., (2010) IEEE Trans. Magn., 46, p. 1548; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Wen, L., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Hachisu, T., Yotsumoto, T., Sugiyama, A., Iida, H., Nakanishi, T., Asahi, T., Osaka, T., (2008) Chem. Lett., 37 (8), p. 840; Osaka, T., Hachisu, T., Sugiyama, A., Kawakita, I., Nakanishi, T., Iida, H., (2008) Chem. Lett., 37 (10), p. 1034; Hachisu, T., Yotsumoto, T., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2009) ECS Trans., 16 (45), p. 199; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2010) J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, pp. D514; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Ishizuka, S., Sugiyama, A., Mizuno, J., Osaka, T., (2010) The 9th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference (PMRC2010), (19 AA-5), p. 202. , Sendai, Japan, May; Hachisu, T., Sato, W., Ishizuka, S., Sugiyama, A., Mizuno, J., Osaka, T., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , accepted; Hachisu, T., Sugiyama, A., Osaka, T., (2010) IEICE Tech. Repo., 110 (310), p. 39. , MR201041(2010-11); Bodnarchuk, M.I., Kovalenko, M.V., Pichler, S., Fritz-Popovski, G., Hesser, G., Heiss, W., (2010) ACS Nana, 4, p. 423},
correspondence_address1={Hachisu, T.; Faculty of Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
sponsors={Electrodeposition},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
address={Las Vegas, NV},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781607682448},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suzuki2010825,
author={Suzuki, H. and Messner, W.C. and Bain, J.A. and Bhagavatula, V. and Nabavi, S.},
title={Simultaneous PES generation, timing recovery, and multi-track read on patterned media: Concept and performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={3 PART 1},
pages={825-829},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2041191},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055023988&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2041191&partnerID=40&md5=96d6bab222c4f369249b7b0420a42020},
affiliation={Magnetic Disk Drive Lab., Fujitsu Lab. Ltd., Atsugi 243-0197, Japan; Data Storage System Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, United States},
abstract={This paper presents new work on the performance of the method for simultaneously detecting the position and timing error in bit patterned media (BPM). The regular spatial arrangement of bits in BPM allows position information and timing information to be extracted from the data. Our method exploits interference between adjacent tracks by employing a read head wider than the track pitch. The method also provides the capability of reading data from two tracks at the same time. Here we employ a more realistic read head field and more realistic shapes of the bit islands in simulations than in prior work. We determine the sensitivity of the position detection, timing recovery, and bit error rate of the method to manufacturing variations in the locations and sizes of bits. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Index Terms-Multiple bit read;  Patterned media;  Position detection;  Timing recovery},
keywords={Recovery;  Sensitivity analysis;  Timing circuits, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Index terms;  Manufacturing Variation;  Patterned medias;  Position detection;  Position information;  Spatial arrangements;  Timing Recovery, Bit error rate},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, V.D.R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xuw, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Suzuki, H., Messner, W.C., Bain, J.A., Bhagavatula, V., Nabavi, S., A method for simultaneous position and timing error detection for bitpatterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3749-3752. , Oct; Ioannou, P.A., Kosmatopoulos, E.B., Despain, A.M., Position error signal estimation at high sampling rates using data and servo sector measurements (2003) IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 11 (3), pp. 325-334. , May; Ioannou, P.A., Xu, H., Fidan, B., Identification and high bandwidth control of hard disk drive servo systems based on sampled data measurements (2007) IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 15 (6), pp. 1089-1095. , DOI 10.1109/TCST.2006.890296; Wiesen, K., Cross, B., GMR head side-reading and bit aspect ratio (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2609-2611. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Messner, W.C.; Data Storage System Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15215, United States; email: bmessner@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Karakulak2010819,
author={Karakulak, S. and Siegel, P.H. and Wolf, J.K.},
title={A parametric study of inter-track interference in bit patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={3 PART 1},
pages={819-824},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2037724},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055005128&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2037724&partnerID=40&md5=8aad1dd212f7cfa122129056a4a2152b},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={We present a parametric study of inter-track interference (ITI) in the context of bit patterned media (BPM) recording channels. Bit error rate (BER) simulation results for optimal bit detection at moderate-to-high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) show that, in a certain range of ITI levels, increased ITI does not necessarily degrade performance. This observation applies to channels both with and without intersymbol interference (ISI) as well as in the absence and presence of track misregistration (TMR). In the case of no ISI, an exact analysis of the BER performance of optimal bit detection provides a complete explanation of the observed effect of ITI. For channels with ISI, error event analysis of a joint-track maximum-likelihood sequence detector provides insight into the observed impact of varying levels of ITI on BER performance. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Index Terms-Bit patterned media (BPM) recording;  Inter-track interference (ITI);  Intersymbol interference (ISI);  Track misregistration (TMR)},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Intersymbol interference;  Maximum likelihood estimation, Bit error rate simulations;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media recordings;  High signalto-noise ratios (SNR);  Inter-track interferences;  Maximum likelihood sequence detectors;  Recording channels;  Track misregistration, Signal to noise ratio},
funding_details={University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San Diego, UCSD},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by the Patterned Media Project at the Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego. The authors would like to thank H. N. Bertram for helpful discussions, E. Kurul for helping with the implementation of the error-event search algorithm, and the anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms and suggestions.},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems-The potential and the problems (2002) Intermag Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. GA6. , Apr; White, R.L., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1 PART 2), pp. 990-995; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273. , May; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Equalization and detection in patterned media recording (2008) Intermag Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. HT10. , May; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Joint-track equalization and detection in patterned media recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., , submitted for publication; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proc. CompEuro'89., VLSI and Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks, pp. 43-48. , May; Bahl, L., Cocke, J., Jelinek, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-20, pp. 284-287. , Mar; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Evaluation of detection algorithms for perpendicular recording channels with intertrack interference (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 397-404. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.066, PII S0304885304011448; Roh, B.G., Lee, S.U., Moon, J., Chen, Y., Single-head/single-track detection in interfering tracks (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1830-1838. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017779, PII S0018946402063719; Suzuki, H., Messner, W.C., Bain, J.A., Bhagavatula, V., Nabavi, S., A method for simultaneous position and timing error detection for bitpatterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3749-3752. , Oct; Weathers, A.D., Altekar, S.A., Wolf, J.K., Distance spectra for PRML channels (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (5 PART 1), pp. 2809-2811; Altekar, S.A., (1997) Detection and Coding Techniques for Magnetic Recording Channels, , Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. California, San Diego; Forney, G.D., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-18, pp. 363-378. , May},
correspondence_address1={Karakulak, S.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: skarakul@ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Xu2010470,
author={Xu, S. and Liu, J. and Chen, J. and Zhou, G.},
title={Recording performance analysis of pre-patterned-deposition Bit Patterned Media through micromagnetic simulation},
journal={Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT Proceedings},
year={2010},
pages={470-473},
doi={10.1109/PDCAT.2010.66},
art_number={5704471},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951785217&doi=10.1109%2fPDCAT.2010.66&partnerID=40&md5=d57815929d02821bf9d84587ec409480},
affiliation={College of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China},
abstract={Deposition of magnetic material onto pre-patterned disks is a promising choice for Bit Patterned Media (BPM) fabrication. Nevertheless, understanding the relationship between recording characteristics and the patterning parameters is still lacking. In this article, we present a theoretical study on the recording and noise properties of the BPM made from pre-patterned substrates through micromagnetic simulation, and propose a new Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) simulating method, which can avoid the complicated calculation of recording signal sensed in GMR head. The dependence of SNR on the lattice geometry, such as dot size, spacing, pillar height and head-media spacing are carefully simulated and discussed. Finally, based on all the simulation, we conclude that 0.5∼0.7 is preferred for island fill factor in practical preparation to keep high SNR, and decreasing the head-media spacing is another effective way to improve SNR, especially in the tall pillar situation. © 2010 IEEE.},
author_keywords={BPM;  Island fill factor;  Pillar height;  Pre-patterned;  SNR},
keywords={Deposition;  Magnetic logic devices;  Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Fill factor;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned substrates;  Pillar height;  Pre-patterned;  Recording characteristics;  Recording performance, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6); Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., Tang, Y., Lithographically patterned servo position error signal patterns in perpendicular disks (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9); McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (8); Wachenschwanz, D., Wen, J., Roddick, E., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2); Nutter, P.W., Du, H., Vorithitikul, V., Fabrication of patterned Pt/Co multilayers for high-density probe storage (2003) IEE Proc., Sci. Meas. Technol., 150 (5); Smith, D., Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy in patterned Co/Pd multilayer thin films (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103 (1); Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.C., Patterned media made from pre-etched wafers: A promising route toward ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4); Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned Media for future magnetic data storage (2006) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2). , Springer, Berlin},
correspondence_address1={Xu, S.; College of Computer Science and Technology, , Wuhan 430074, China},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
isbn={9780769542874},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Parallel Distrib. Comput. Appl. Technol. PDCAT Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint2010481,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P. and Tantaswadi, P.},
title={Iterated Viterbi detection methods for a 2-D bit patterned mediastorage},
journal={Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology},
year={2010},
volume={32},
number={5},
pages={481-488},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79751502704&partnerID=40&md5=4d9d368030fdb0b9139527a9da0f2778},
affiliation={School of Technology, Shinawatra University, Sam Khok, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand; Faculty of Engineering and College of Data Storage Technology and Applications, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand},
abstract={In this paper, we studied the performance of the iterated Viterbi detection methods using the multi-track multi-head processing for a bit patterned media (BPM) channel with a two-dimensional interference consisting of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI). In each method, three Viterbi detectors are employed to process the three readback signals. In their trellises, the number of states is designed based on the ISI only. After the first iteration, the estimated output sequences are exchanged between the adjacent detectors as the ITI estimations and then used in the metric calculation of next iteration. When compared with other methods, the simulation results show that the proposed methods achieve significant gains. We also investigated the performance of the proposed methods for the BPM channel with different media noise levels. Finally, the computational complexity of all detectors is compared.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media storage;  Inter-symbol interference;  Inter-track interference;  Media noise;  Multi-track detection;  Viterbi algorithm},
references={Burkhadt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Conference on VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and their Interconnection Networks (CompEuro 89), pp. 43-48. , Hamburg, Germany, May 8-12, 1989; Heanue, J.K., Gurkan, K., Hessenlink, L., Signal detection for page-access optical memories with intersymbol interference (1996) Journal of Applied Optics, 35 (14), pp. 2431-2438; Hekstra, A., Coene, W., Immink, A., Refinements of multi-track Viterbi bit-detection (2007) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (7), pp. 3333-3339; Karakulak, S., Seigel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., (2008) A new read channel model for patterned media storage, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics; Karakulak, S., Seigel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Equalization and detection for patterned media recording (2008) Digests of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Magnetic Conference 2008, , Madrid, Spain, May 4-8, 2008, HT10; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization detection for patterned media storage (2008) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (4), pp. 533-539; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit patterned media (2007) Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Conference on Communications 2007, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, Scotland, June 24-28, 2007; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J.G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Hogg, C., Majetich, S.A., Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media (2009) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 45 (10), pp. 3523-3527; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenoiri, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., (2009) Future option for HDD storage, 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Magnetics; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo codes: Principles and applications, p. 124. , Kluwer Academic Publisher, Massachusetts, U.S.A},
correspondence_address1={Myint, L. M. M.; School of Technology, , Sam Khok, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand; email: lin@siu.ac.th},
publisher={Prince of Songkla University},
issn={01253395},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ajan20102020,
author={Ajan, A. and Sato, K. and Aoyama, N. and Tanaka, T. and Miyaguchi, Y. and Tsumagari, K. and Morita, T. and Nishihashi, T. and Tanaka, A. and Uzumaki, T.},
title={Fabrication, magnetic, and R/W properties of nitrogen-ion-implanted Co/Pd and CoCrPt bit-patterned medium},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2020-2023},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043647},
art_number={5467491},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952871396&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043647&partnerID=40&md5=5459e47b3e6d6ed91b468b72d8baf43d},
affiliation={Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; ULVAC Japan Ltd., Susono, Shizuoka 410-1231, Japan},
abstract={A method of making a cost-effective bit-patterned medium combining: 1) a pattern imprint; 2) ion doping; and 3) an ashing process is described. The Nitrogen ion was doped to change the magnetic properties of the Co/Pd and CoCrPt magnetic layer. The Nitrogen ion induces surface and lattice, and the exchange coupling strength changes during doping which suppress the magnetization and anisotropy of Co/Pd and CoCrPt magnetic layers. This can be achieved at relatively lower dosages so that a subsequent ashing process creates a smooth surface. The thermal stability of doped film and dot was good for practical applications. Monte-Carlo simulations were used to estimate the lateral ionic distribution within the dot region and compared with magnetic-force microscopy. To demonstrate this technique, areal densities of 134 Gb/in2 on Co/Pd media and 250 Gb/in2 on CoCrPt media are shown. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Co/Pd Multilayer;  CoCrPt;  Ion implantation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Monte-Carlo simulation;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Recording media;  Thermal stability},
keywords={Chromium alloys;  Chromium metallography;  Cobalt alloys;  Cost effectiveness;  Ion exchange;  Ion implantation;  Ions;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Monte Carlo methods;  Nitrogen;  Palladium alloys;  Platinum alloys;  Semiconductor doping;  Ternary alloys;  Thermodynamic stability;  Tungsten alloys, Bit-patterned medium;  Co/Pd multilayers;  CoCrPt;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;  Recording media, Cobalt metallography},
references={Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Wu, Z., Siegel, P.H., Bertram, H.N., Wolf, J.K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 721; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Terris, B., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Roddick, E., Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3229; Schmid, G.M., (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 27 (2), p. 573; Sato, K., Ajan, A., Aoyama, N., Tanaka, T., Miyaguchi, Y., Tsumagari, K., Morita, T., Uzumaki, T., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., , accepted for publication; Honda, N., Yamakwa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2142; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414; Biersack, J.P., Haggmark, L., TRIM transport of ions in matter (1980) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., 174, p. 257; Aoyama, N., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published; Ajan, A., (2010) Phys. Rev. B, , to be published; Pease, R.F., Chou, S.Y., (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, p. 248; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1719; Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886; Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olson, T., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1711; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3430; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P., Ziegler, M.D., SRIM the stopping and range of ions in matter (2008) SRIM Co., , MD},
correspondence_address1={Ajan, A.; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; email: antony.ajan@jp.fujitsu.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hogg20102307,
author={Hogg, C.R. and Majetich, S.A. and Bain, J.A.},
title={Investigating pattern transfer in the small-gap regime using electron-beam stabilized nanoparticle array etch masks},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2307-2310},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040145},
art_number={5467431},
note={cited By 16},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952863927&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2040145&partnerID=40&md5=fa51a641f4e52145ffaac68c98c6c89e},
affiliation={Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={Extreme small-gap lithography is necessary for future bit-patterned media, but is underexplored due to lack of etch masks with small enough gaps. Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays featuring 2 nm gaps are promising candidates, but exhibit lateral instability during etching. We present a novel one-step method for stabilizing their order by exposing to intense electron beam doses, and show pattern transfer into an underlying Si wafer. Electron beam-induced cross-linking of the surfactant is hypothesized to explain the improved stability. We suggest that this process could be used to pattern hard masks for subsequent pattern transfer into underlying magnetic films, with the gap and feature size required for bit patterned media to achieve densities in excess of 2 terabits per square inch. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Etching;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording},
keywords={Etching;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoparticles;  Silicon wafers, Bit-patterned media;  Feature sizes;  Intense electron beams;  Lateral instability;  One-step methods;  Pattern transfers;  Self assembled nanoparticles;  Stabilized nanoparticles, Electron beams},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 0925926},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by NSF ECCS under Grant 0925926. The authors thank C. Bowman, C. Kline, T. Fisher, and M. Sakaluk for assistance in nanofabrication. C. R. Hogg is grateful for the support of the Bruce and Astrid McWilliams Fellowship in the Mellon College of Science.},
references={Fontana, R., Robertson, N., Hetzler, S., Thin-film processing realities for Tbit/in recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3617-3620; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222; (2009), http://www.insic.org/programsEHDR.html, [Online]. Available; Honda, T., Kishikawa, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Ohkubo, A., Kawashima, M., Yoshii, M., Influence of resist blur on ultimate resolution of ArF immersion lithography (2006) J. Microlithogr., Microfab., Microsyst., 5 (4), pp. 043004-043006. , Oct; Liddle, J.A., Gallatin, G.M., Ocola, L.E., Resist requirements and limitations for nanoscale electron-beam patterning (2003) Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 739, p. 1930; Yang, X., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 tdot/in nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, pp. 2604-2610. , Nov., AVS; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939. , Aug; Park, S., Lee, D.H., Xu, J., Kim, B., Hong, S.W., Jeong, U., Xu, T., Russell, T.P., Macroscopic 10-Terabit-per-square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order (2009) Science, 323 (5917), pp. 1030-1033. , Feb; Lin, X.M., Parthasarathy, R., Jaeger, H.M., Direct patterning of self-assembled nanocrystal monolayers by electron beams (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (13), pp. 1915-1917. , DOI 10.1063/1.1358363; Sun, S., Zeng, H., Robinson, D.B., Raoux, S., Rice, P.M., Wang, S.X., Li, G., Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M fe, co, mn) nanoparticles (2004) J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 126 (1), pp. 273-279. , PMID: 14709092; Nabity, J.C., Wybourne, M.N., A versatile pattern generator for high-resolution electron-beam lithography (1989) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 60 (1), pp. 27-32; Lercel, M.J., Rooks, M., Tiberio, R.C., Craighead, H.G., Sheen, C.W., Parikh, A.N., Allara, D.L., Pattern transfer of electron beam modified self-assembled monolayers for high-resolution lithography (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct., 13 (3), pp. 1139-1143. , May; Djenizian, T., Petite, B., Santinacci, L., Schmuki, P., Electron-beam induced carbon deposition used as a mask for cadmium sulfide deposition on si(100) (2001) Electrochimica Acta, 47 (6), pp. 891-897. , Dec; Gottscho, R.A., Jurgensen, C.W., Vitkavage, D.J., Microscopic uniformity in plasma etching (1992) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct., 10 (5), pp. 2133-2147},
correspondence_address1={Hogg, C. R.; Department of Physics, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: chogg@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang20101363,
author={Zhang, S. and Chai, K.-S. and Cai, K. and Chen, B. and Qin, Z. and Foo, S.-M.},
title={Write failure analysis for bit-patterned-media recording and its impact on read channel modeling},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1363-1365},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040713},
art_number={5467592},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952861646&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2040713&partnerID=40&md5=1d3dafb0cba9cd27bd62e51cb4f31e90},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we present a write failure analysis for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) with formulas derived to calculate its probability for a given set of system parameters. The write failure model derived in this work includes the effect of the recording head and media characteristics and that of a hard disk spindle motor speed variations. Such a model can help assess the performance of the writing strategy for BPMR. It is also found that since the media local parameters associated with each bit directly affect both the write failure rate and read-back signal, the read-back signal actually contains information regarding whether a bit is correctly recorded. This may be exploited by coding and detection schemes to reduce the impact of write failure on bit-error-rate performance. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR);  Write synchronization;  Written-in errors},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Failure analysis, Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Detection scheme;  Failure model;  Local parameters;  Recording head;  Written-in errors, Failure (mechanical)},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: Viable route to 50 Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1 PART. 2), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write-error (2009) IEEE Intermag, pp. EF-04. , Presented at the 09 May; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., A study of multirow-per-track bit patterned media by spinstand testing and magnetic force microscopy (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501; Patwari, M.S., Victora, R.H., Unshielded perpendicular recording head for 1 Tb/in2 (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 247-252. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, S.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore, Singapore; email: zhang_songhua@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Toyoda20101599,
author={Toyoda, N. and Hirota, T. and Yamada, I. and Yakushiji, H. and Hinoue, T. and Ono, T. and Matsumoto, H.},
title={Fabrication of planarized discrete track media using gas cluster ion beams},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1599-1602},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2048748},
art_number={5467405},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952854290&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2048748&partnerID=40&md5=a7c9111a51f457ff1e03907bcecff2fd},
affiliation={Incubation Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; Central Reseach Lab., Hitachi Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan},
abstract={Fabrication of planarized discrete track media (DTM) by using gas cluster ion beams (GCIB) was demonstrated. Line-and-space patterns were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and ion beam etching. These patterns were refilled by TiCr films, and the TiCr surface was planarized using Ar and N 2-GCIBs. The GCIB process yielded excellent planarization of these patterns owing to the preferential modification of surface bumps and enhancement of the surface motion of atoms by GCIB irradiation. The flyability test of a slider flying at a 10-nm height on the DTM planarized with GCIBs indicated an almost 10% reduction in the acoustic emission (AE) output. Further, magnetic force microscope (MFM) and Kerr rotation measurements revealed that GCIB planarization did not produce any significant change in the magnetic characteristics of DTM. It was demonstrated that GCIB planarization is effective for fabricating DTM or similar structures such as bit-patterned media (BPM). © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Discrete track media;  Gas cluster ion beam;  Planarization},
keywords={Acoustic emission testing;  Binary alloys;  Chromium alloys;  Chromium metallography;  Etching;  Ion beam assisted deposition;  Ion beams;  Ions;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Titanium alloys;  Titanium metallography, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Discrete track media;  Gas cluster ion beams;  Ion beam etching;  Line-and-space patterns;  Magnetic characteristic;  Magnetic force microscopes;  Planarization, Fabrication},
references={Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 2510-2515; Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Gas cluster ion beam equipment and applications for surface processing (2008) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36, pp. 1471-1488; Insepov, Z., Yamada, I., Computer simulation of crystal surface modification by accelerated cluster ion impacts (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 121, pp. 44-48; Kakuta, S., Sasaki, S., Furusawa, K., Seki, T., Aoki, T., Matsuo, J., Low damage smoothing of magnetic materials using off-normal gas cluster ion beam irradiation (2007) Surface and Coatings Technology, 201 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 8632-8636. , DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.064, PII S0257897207002435; Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Study of gas cluster ion beam planarization for discrete track magnetic disks (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3476-3479; Toyoda, N., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Yamada, I., Planarization of amorphous carbon films on patterned substrates using gas cluster ion beams (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C1271-07C1273; Toyoda, N., Hirota, T., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Hamaguchi, T., Nakao, M., Yamada, I., Planarization of bit-patterned surface using gas cluster ion beams (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3503-3506},
correspondence_address1={Toyoda, N.; Incubation Center, , Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; email: ntoyoda@incub.u-hyogo.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20101806,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Simulation study of bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1806-1808},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039857},
art_number={5467408},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952849280&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2039857&partnerID=40&md5=2b7171f6f57663dcac5062cfcc8d73b7},
affiliation={Electronics and Intelligent System, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Recording properties of bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy were studied by simulation. When a shielded planar head was used, a recording system with an areal density of 2.6 Tbit/in2 was expected for 30-degree inclined anisotropy media. Relatively large tolerance of around 4% in the anisotropy field and 7 degrees in orientation dispersion as well as write margins in down- and cross-track directions would be expected. Recording densities would be extended to 4 Tbit/in2 with additional exchange coupling between the dots. It is expected that bit patterned media with weakly inclined anisotropy is one of promising media for ultra high density recording. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Anisotropy dispersion;  Bit patterned media;  Recording simulation;  Weakly inclined anisotropy},
keywords={Dispersions, Anisotropy dispersion;  Bit-patterned media;  Recording density;  Recording properties;  Recording simulation;  Shielded planar head;  Simulation studies;  Ultrahigh density, Anisotropy},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Green IT Project of NEDO and in part by the Cultivation Research Project of Innovation Satellite Iwate, JST.},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3438-3441; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., Xue, J., Weller, D., 10 Tb/in2 recording simulations on patterned domain wall assisted media Intermag 2008, 2008, pp. DA-02. , presented at the, Madrid; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of bit patterned media with inclined anisotropy at 5 Tbit/in (2009) Intermag 2009, pp. CP-12. , presented at the, Sacramento; Gao, K.Z., Bertram, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in2 and data rates beyond 1Gb/s (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (6), pp. 3675-3683. , Nov; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Electronics and Intelligent System, , Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ng20102268,
author={Ng, Y. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K. and Cai, K. and Nabavi, S. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Picket-shift codes for bit-patterned media recording with insertion/deletion errors},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2268-2271},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043926},
art_number={5467523},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952844944&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043926&partnerID=40&md5=ddea2785f7a5eae60df648f3a4ac66d4},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Data Storage Institute (DSI), Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={We report the results of an investigation of bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) channels containing insertion/deletion errors that may be introduced because of the write synchronization problem. We first describe a simple channel model for insertion/deletion errors in BPM, as a result of write clock frequency offset. Based on this channel model, we propose a new error correction coding (ECC) scheme to correct insertion/deletion errorspicket shift. Simulation results show that picket shift performs significantly better than a no-ECC scheme in the presence of insertion/deletion errors. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Frequency offset;  Insertion/deletion errors;  Write synchronization},
keywords={Error correction, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Bitpatterned media recordings (BPMR);  Channel model;  Clock frequency offset;  Error correction coding;  Frequency offsets;  Synchronization problem, Frequency allocation},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H.J., Write synchronization in bit-patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (2), pp. 822-827. , Feb; Sellers, F.F., Bit loss and gain correction codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 35-38. , Jan; Narahara, T., Kobayashi, S., Hattori, M., Shimpuku, Y., Enden Den G.Van, Kahlman, J., Van Dijik, M., Van Woudenberg, R., Optical disc system for digital video recording (2000) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39 (2 PART 1), pp. 912-929; Mallary, M.L., Vanlaanen, J.W., He, C., (2009) Read after Write Enhancement for Bit Patterned Media, , U.S. Patent 2009/0002868A1, Jan; Ng, Y., Cai, K., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhang, S., Chong, T.C., Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3535-3538. , Oct},
correspondence_address1={Ng, Y.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: yibinn@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shi20101755,
author={Shi, Y. and Nutter, P.W. and Belle, B.D. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Error events due to Island size variations in bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1755-1758},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2041047},
art_number={5467558},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952842213&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2041047&partnerID=40&md5=a87760d461da98530496ecfc4815d5d5},
affiliation={Nano Engineering and Storage Technology Research Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Control of the variations of island properties is one of the key challenges in fabricating Bit-Patterned Media for future storage systems. The presence on any variation in the size and position of an island has a detrimental effect on the ability to recover recorded data, particularly in the case of variation in island size. By analyzing error events when island size variations are present we have identified that these are more likely to be single-bit in nature. To understand the origins of these error events we have investigated the size and magnetization state of islands in the vicinity where a single-bit error event is encountered. It is shown that these error events occur due to particular combinations of island size and magnetization state for the three islands investigated. In every case the central island, from which the data bit is recovered in error, is small compared to the nominal island size. These results show that size variations must be controlled in the fabrication process in order to maximize the bit-error-rate performance of the read channel. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Error events;  Magnetic recording;  Position variations;  Read channel;  Size variations},
keywords={Digital storage;  Errors;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization, Bit-patterned media;  Error events;  Position variations;  Read channels;  Size variation, Bit error rate},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/E017657/1, and by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR program.},
references={Ritcher, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, pp. R149-R177; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, pp. 512-517; Kalezhi, J., Miles, J.J., Belle, B.D., Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3531-3534. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Shi, Y., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (10), pp. 3797-3800. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (6), pp. 2255-2260. , Jun; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., Temperature dependence remanence loops of ion-milled bit patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (10), pp. 3468-3471. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (10), pp. 3789-3792. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.McA., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (10), pp. 3551-3557. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Jeon, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Error event analysis of partial response targets for perpendicular magnetic recording (2007) Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf., pp. 277-282},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P. W.; Nano Engineering and Storage Technology Research Group, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: p.nutter@manchester.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ikeda20101622,
author={Ikeda, Y. and Greaves, S. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Relationship between applied field gradient and magnetization switching in ECC structured dots},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1622-1625},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2041193},
art_number={5467631},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952837931&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2041193&partnerID=40&md5=cab4fc93893a97ab15018597ebcb358f},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={The dependence of the switching of magnetic dots with a composite structure on applied field gradients is investigated. The dot size and magnetic properties were targeted at 2 Tbit/in2 -class bit patterned media. In the case of a head field with only a perpendicular component, the switching probability can be considered to be the fraction of the dot volume in which the field exceeds the average switching field of the dot when measured in a globally uniform field. The switching probability also depends on the recording field gradient within the dot. On the other hand, in the case of a vector recording field with in-plane components, the switching probability can be approximated by considering the angular dependence of switching field, calculated in a globally uniform field. Additionally, down-track write margins are estimated and found to increase logarithmically as the gradient is increased. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterened media (BPM);  Exchange coupled composite (ECC) media;  Gradient;  Magnetization switching},
keywords={Gradient methods;  Magnetization;  Probability, Angular dependence;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled composite media;  In-plane components;  Magnetization switching;  Patterened media;  Switching probability;  Vector recording, Switching},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by Research and Development for Next-Generation Information Technology by the MEXT, Japanese Government.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write design (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855263; Inaba, Y., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Sato, H., Oikawa, T., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Nakamura, Y., Preliminary study on (CoPtCr/NiFe)-SiO2 hard/soft-stacked perpendicular recording media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3136-3138. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854848; Shimatsu, T., Inaba, Y., Watanabe, S., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Recording resolution and writability for Co-Pt-SiO /Co-SiO hard/soft-stacked granular perpendicular media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2103-2105. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.; RIEC, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen20101990,
author={Chen, Y. and Ding, J. and Deng, J. and Huang, T. and Leong, S.H. and Shi, J. and Zong, B. and Ko, H.Y.Y. and Au, C.K. and Hu, S. and Liu, B.},
title={Switching probability distribution of bit islands in bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1990-1993},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043064},
art_number={5467599},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952825644&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043064&partnerID=40&md5=dcda6952845aa1234d364c7504cae4a4},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 117602, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we report magnetic force microscopy (MFM) observations of switching probability of individual bit islands in bit patterned media. The switching probability (p) of each island was measured by repeated reversal tests at the same experimental conditions for each switching field (SF). It was found that there are ∼ 60% of islands with 0 < 60 p < 1 for SF = 11 kOe (which is approximately the average remnant coercivity, Hcr of the patterned islands) while the rest of the islands are either switched every time (for magnetically softer islands) or never switched (for magnetically harder islands). The observed statistical behavior of 0 < p < 1 is an indication of thermal fluctuation during switching when magnetostatic energy (due to the applied external field) is comparable to magnetic anisotropy energy. As SF is decreased or increased away from Hcr (11 kOe to 9.5 kOe or 11 kOe to 12.5 kOe), percentage of islands with 0 < 60 p < 1 becomes smaller [narrower switching probability distribution (SPD)], due to less dipolar interaction/ variations among islands [which also lead to less switching field distribution (SFD) broadening]. Our results provide insights on the effects of statistical switching behavior of bit islands on the write errors in bit patterned media recording. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  Magnetic force microscopy (MFM);  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic reversal},
keywords={Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Switching, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Experimental conditions;  Magnetic anisotropy energy;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Magnetic reversal;  Switching field distribution;  Switching probability, Probability distributions},
references={Shew, L.F., (1963) IEEE Trans, BTR-9, p. 56. , Broadcast Television Receivers; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-23, p. 3690; Nakatani, I., Takahashi, T., Hijikata, M., Kobayashi, T., Ozawa, K., Hanaoka, H., (1989) Japanese Patent 888363; Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., (1993) IEEE Trans. Fundamentals, E76-A, p. 1161; Krauss, P.R., Chou, S.Y., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B13, p. 2850; White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Hughes, G., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2310; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2510; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 670; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3685; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., (2008) Appl. Phys Lett., 93, p. 102501; Honda, N., Takahashi, S., Ouchi, K., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2195; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012510; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512; Engelen, J.B.C., Delalande, M., Le F'Ebre, A.J., Bolhuis, T., Shimatsu, T., Kikuchi, N., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (2010) Nanotechnology, 21, p. 035703; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfel, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, p. 2079; Berger, A., Xu, Y.H., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3178; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 4975; Brown, W.F., (1963) Phys. Rev., 130, p. 1677},
correspondence_address1={Chen, Y.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: chen_yunjie@ieee.org},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nagato20102504,
author={Nagato, K. and Hoshino, H. and Naito, H. and Hirota, T. and Tani, H. and Sakane, Y. and Toyoda, N. and Yamada, I. and Nakao, M. and Hamaguchi, T.},
title={Planarization of nonmagnetic films on bit patterned substrates by gas cluster ion beams},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2504-2506},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044379},
art_number={5467467},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952824767&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2044379&partnerID=40&md5=efcdea5eeea565b6eec29169baf106da},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Incubation Center, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji-shi, Hoyogo-ken 671-2280, Japan; Mechanical Engineering Department, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; Western Digital Media Operations, San Jose, CA 95131, United States},
abstract={We studied Ar gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) planarization effect on patterned surfaces refilled with Cr, Ta and SiO2. The patterns of 20 nm in depth were fabricated on Si substrate by using electron beam lithography and CHF3-reactive-ion-etching. The bit pattern pitches and the height of peak-to-valley were 150/200/300/400 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Then, refilling materials were deposited 30 nm in thickness on the patterned substrates. The test samples were irradiated by Ar-GCIB and the resultant surface profiles were measured by atomic force microscopy. Acceleration energy for a cluster was 20 keV. The dose was set from 2×1015to 5×10 15ion/cm2. Although there was a difference in the dose, the patterns disappeared clearly by irradiating GCIB. The reduction rate of peak-to valley height decreased with decreases of the pattern pitch. We indicated that GCIB irradiation is effective for the planarization of patterned surface refilled with Cr, Ta, and SiO2. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Gas cluster ion beam;  Patterned media;  Planarization},
keywords={Atomic force microscopy;  Electron beam lithography;  Ion beam assisted deposition;  Ions;  Silica;  Silicon;  Substrates, Acceleration energy;  Gas cluster ion beams;  Patterned medias;  Patterned substrates;  Patterned surface;  Planarization;  Planarization effect;  Surface profiles, Ion beams},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={The bit patterns were fabricated using an electron beam writer (F5112 VD01) at the VLSI Design and Education Center (VDEC), the University of Tokyo, which was donated by Advantest Corporation. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19106003, 21860015) and by the Global Center of Excellence (G-COE) Program “Global Center of Excellence for Mechanical Systems Innovation (GMSI)” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.},
references={Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 1967-1971; Nunez, E.E., Yeo, C.-D., Kutta, R.R., Polycarpou, A.A., Effect of planarization on the contact behavior of patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3667-3670; Yamada, I., Matsuo, J., Toyoda, N., Kirkpatrick, A., Materials processing by gas cluster ion beams (2001) Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 34, pp. 231-295; Kakuta, S., Sasaki, S., Hirano, T., Ueda, K., Seki, T., Ninomiya, S., Hada, M., Matsuo, J., Low damage smoothing of magnetic material films using a gas cluster ion beam (2007) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 257 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 677-682. , DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.110, PII S0168583X07001188; Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Study of gas cluster ion beam planarization for discrete track magnetic disks (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3476-3479; Toyoda, N., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Yamada, I., Planarization of amorphous carbon films on patterned substrates using gas cluster ion beams (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 1-3; Toyoda, N., Hirota, T., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Yamada, I., Planarization of bit-patterned surface using gas cluster ion beams (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3503-3506; Matsuo, J., Toyoda, N., Akizuki, M., Yamada, I., Sputtering of elemental metals by Ar cluster ions (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 121, pp. 459-463},
correspondence_address1={Nagato, K.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; email: nagato@hnl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kato20101671,
author={Kato, T. and Oshima, D. and Yamauchi, Y. and Iwata, S. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Fabrication of L12-CrPt3 alloy films using rapid thermal annealing for planar bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1671-1674},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2044559},
art_number={5467571},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952820393&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2044559&partnerID=40&md5=d2bd03fd09a3e2ccc7aaafa551b483c0},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={SiO2(2 nm)/Cr25Pt75(15 nm) and SiO 2(2 nm) Cr25 / Pt75 (15 nm) / SiO 2(10,20 nm)/ Co80 Zr10 Nb10 (10 nm) were prepared by magnetron sputtering method and post-annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at temperatures of 600 °C 1000 °C for 160 sec. The saturation magnetization Ms and coercivity Hc measured by applying a maximum field of 18 kOe were 150 emu/cc and 12 kOe, respectively, for the sample after rapid thermal annealing at 1000 °C for 30 sec. This means that L12-CrPt3 phase was obtained by RTA process. The RTA process was applied to fabricate the multilayered structure having L1 2-CrPt3 and CoZrNb soft magnetic underlayer (SUL). The polar Kerr loop of CrPt3(15 nm) / SiO2(20 nm) / CoZrNb (10 nm) after RTA at 1000 °C for 30 sec exhibited a large coercivity H c ≥ 9 kOe corresponding to that of the CrPt3 single layer. From the compositional depth profile of CrPt3 (15 nm)/ SiO2 (20 nm)/ CoZrNb (10 nm) processed by RTA at 1000 °C for 30 sec, sharp layered structure was confirmed despite the high-temperature heat treatment. When the SiO2 thickness was reduced to 10 nm, such a layered structure was completely destroyed due to the interdiffusion between CrPt3 and CoZrNb layers. Thus it was concluded that the RTA process and the interlayer of SiO2 (20 nm) were effective to fabricate layered structure having L12-CrPt3 and SUL. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={CrPt3;  Magnetic layered films;  Planar bit patterned media;  Rapid thermal annealing (RTA)},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Coercive force;  Fabrication;  Saturation magnetization;  Silica;  Silicon;  Ternary alloys, Bit-patterned media;  Compositional depth profile;  CrPt3;  High temperature heat treatment;  Magnetic layered films;  Magnetron sputtering method;  Rapid thermal annealing (RTA);  Soft magnetic underlayers, Rapid thermal annealing},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922. , Jun; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys., Lett., 75, pp. 403-405. , Jul; Ferré, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Modification of Co/Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation - Part 1: The effect on structural and magnetic properties (2001) Journal of Applied Physics, 90 (8), pp. 3843-3849. , DOI 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd multilayer films (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2972-2974. , Oct; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt 3 ordered alloy films (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117. , Mar; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Iwata, S., Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 053908. , Sep; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Modification of the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ga-Ion-irradiated Co/Pd multilayer film for future planar media (2005) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 5, pp. 125-130. , Aug; Pickart, S.J., Nathans, R., Alloys of the first transition series with Pd and Pt (1962) J. Appl. Phys., 33, pp. 1336-1338. , Mar; Cho, J., Park, M., Kim, H., Kato, T., Iwata, S., Tsunashima, S., Large Kerr rotation in ordered CrPt3 films (1999) J.I Appl. Phys., 86, pp. 3149-3151. , Sep; Leonhardt, T.D., Chen, Y., Rao, M., Lauhglin, D.E., Lambeth, D.N., Kryder, M.H., CrPt3 thin film media for perpendicular or magnetooptical recording (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 4307-4309. , Apr; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic anisotropy of MBE grown MuPt3 and CrPt3 ordered alloy films (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, pp. 778-779. , May},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ouchi20102224,
author={Ouchi, T. and Arikawa, Y. and Kuno, T. and Mizuno, J. and Shoji, S. and Homma, T.},
title={Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of CoPt bit patterned media: Towards a wetchemical, large-scale fabrication},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2224-2227},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2040068},
art_number={5467574},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952814524&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2040068&partnerID=40&md5=afd7128a666d6c09afabe025b59a56ec},
affiliation={Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Nanothechnology Research Center, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan; Department of Electronic and Photonic Systems, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={This paper describes the fabrication process of CoPt nandot arrays on a glass disk substrate with a CoZrNb underlayer as a soft magnetic underlayer (SUL) by using an electrochemical process, and also the analysis on the magnetic properties of these fabricated CoPt nanodot arrays. We formed nano-patterned substrates by UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) on the glass disk substrate. CoPt was electrodeposited into the nano-patterned substrates optimizing the electrodeposition condition and bath composition as well as a Cu intermediate layer. The construction of the nanodot arrays were CoPt nanodot arrays (20 nm)/Cu (<5 nm)/CoZrNb (100 nm)/Cr (5 nm)/Glass disk. Magnetic signals were clearly observed on the dc magnetized state and multi domain were observed in each nanodot on the ac magnetized state by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The perpendicular coercivity of the CoPt nanodot arrays was 430 kA/m. These results showed electrochemical process can be used for the manufacture of magnetic recording media. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  CoPt;  Electrodeposition;  Nano-imprint lithography},
keywords={Binary alloys;  Cobalt alloys;  Copper alloys;  Copper metallography;  Electrodeposition;  Electrodes;  Fabrication;  Glass;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetism;  Nanodots;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Niobium alloys;  Niobium metallography;  Platinum alloys;  Substrates;  Uranium metallography;  Zircaloy;  Zirconium metallography, Bit-patterned media;  CoPt;  Electrochemical fabrication;  Electrodeposition conditions;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Perpendicular coercivity;  Soft magnetic underlayers;  UV-nanoimprint lithography, Cobalt metallography},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_details={Waseda UniversityWaseda University},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, SRC},
funding_text 1={This work was carried out at the “Center for Practical Chemical Wisdom” in the Global-COE Program, MEXT, Japan, and was supported in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC) Japan, and by Waseda University Grant for Special Research Projects. The authors would like to thank Toppan Printing Co., LTD. for supplying quartz molds and Toyo Gosei Co., LTD. for supplying the UV-curable resin.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88 (22), p. 222512. , May; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102 (1), p. 011301. , Jul; Terris, B.D., Fabrication challenges for patterned recording media (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 512-517. , Mar; Shiroishi, Y., Fukuda, K., Tagawa, I., Iwasaki, H., Takenori, S., Tanaka, H., Mutoh, H., Yoshikawa, N., Future options for HDD storage (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3816-3822. , Oct; Kikitsu, A., Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321 (6), pp. 526-530. , Mar; Lodder, J.C., Methods for preparing patterned media for high-density recording (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272 (3), pp. 1692-1697. , May; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Homma, T., Fabrication of CoPt magnetic nanodot arrays by electrodeposition process (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (22), pp. 3104-3107. , Nov; Ouchi, T., Arikawa, Y., Mizuno, J., Shoji, S., Homma, T., Electrochemical fabrication of CoPt nanodot arrays on glass disks by UV nanoimprint lithography (2009) ECS Trans., 16 (45), pp. 57-64; Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Smith, H.I., Schattenburg, M.L., Bae, J.M., Youcef-Toumi, K., Ross, C.A., Fabrication of large area nanostructured magnets by interferometric lithography (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 1087-1089. , Jul; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 17 (6), pp. 3168-3176. , Nov; Aoyama, T., Okawa, S., Hattori, K., Hatate, H., Wada, Y., Uchiyama, K., Kagotani, T., Sato, I., Fabrication and magnetic properties of CoPt perpendicular patterned media (2001) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 235 (1-3), pp. 174-178. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00332-8, PII S0304885301003328; Sun, M., Zangari, G., Shamsuzzoha, M., Metzger, R.M., Electrodeposition of highly uniform magnetic nanoparticle arrays in ordered alumite (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (19), pp. 2964-2966. , DOI 10.1063/1.1370986; Huang, Y.H., Okumura, H., Hadjipanayis, G.C., Weller, D., CoPt and FePt nanowires by electrodeposition' (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 6869-6871. , May; Yasui, N., Imada, A., Den, T., Electrodeposition of (001) oriented CoPtL10 columns into anodic alumina films (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83 (16), pp. 3347-3349. , Oct; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jin, S., CoPt patterned media in anodized aluminum oxide templates (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08G902. , Apr; Oshima, H., Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Itoh, K., Kamimura, T., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, H., Detecting dynamic signals of ideally ordered nanohole patterned disk media fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91 (2), p. 022508. , Jul; Sohn, J.S., Lee, D., Cho, E., Kim, H.S., Lee, B.K., Lee, M.B., Suh, S.J., The fabrication of Co-Pt electro-deposited bit patterned media with nanoimprint lithography (2009) Nanotechnol., 20 (2), p. 025302. , Jan; Zana, I., Zangari, G., Shamsuzzoha, M., Enhancing the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co-Pt(P) films by epitaxial electrodeposition onto Cu (111) substrates (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 292, pp. 266-280. , Apr; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High Ku materials approach to 100 Gbits/in (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 10-15. , Jun; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., Pt content dependence of magnetic properties of CoPt/Ru patterned films (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (12), pp. 3883-3885. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Homma, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, , Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; email: t.homma@waseda.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ranjbar20101787,
author={Ranjbar, M. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Suzi, D. and Aung, K.O. and Sbiaa, R. and Kay, Y.S. and Wong, S.K. and Chong, C.T.},
title={Antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media and control of switching field distribution},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1787-1790},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043226},
art_number={5467591},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952813684&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043226&partnerID=40&md5=07c8cf2ec1ad306d5ccf3af4c599cf02},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (A STAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore; Chemistry Department, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Switching Field distribution (SFD) is one of the critical issues for writing in bit patterned media (BPM) for high areal densities. It is believed that the magnetostatic interaction is one of the several factors that contribute to the SFD. With the antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) structure, the magnetostatic interaction can be tailored to understand/reduce SFD. In this study, AFC patterned media is studied with emphasis placed on the effect of the top layer coercivity, which will determine the Mr and hence the magnetostatic interaction. For this study, nanodots with a size and space of 60 and 40 nm respectively were fabricated with electron beam lithography (EBL). Remanent hysteresis curves for the nanodot arrays were obtained by counting the number of reversed dots in magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images at remanent state. The narrowest SFD at a pressure of 1 Pa for top layer was observed possibly because of good crystaline texture and reduced magnetostatic interaction. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanodots;  Textures, Antiferro-magnetically coupled;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  High areal density;  Hysteresis curve;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Magnetostatic interactions;  Patterned medias;  Switching field distribution, Magnetostatics},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR},
funding_text 1={M. Ranjbar would like to express gratitude for support from the A*STAR (SINGA) Graduate Scholarship program.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222. , Jun; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phy., 102, p. 011301; Ross, C., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , Jun; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., Patterned media fabricated by lithography and argon-ion milling (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 2516-2518. , Jul; Piramanayagam, S.N., Aung, K.O., Deng, S., Sbiaa, R., Antiferromagnetically coupled patterned media (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C118. , Mar; Abarra, E.N., Inomata, A., Sato, H., Okamoto, I., Mizoshita, Y., Longitudinal magnetic recording media with thermal stabilization layers (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, pp. 2581-2583. , Oct; Fullerton, E.E., Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., Carey, M., Gurney, B., Moser, A., Best, M., Doerner, M., Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic media layers for thermally stable high-density recording (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, pp. 3806-3808. , Dec; Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., Hee, C.H., Pang, S.I., Chong, T.C., Shan, Z.S., Huang, L., Noise reduction mechanisms in laminated antiferromagnetically coupled recording media (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 79 (15), pp. 2423-2425. , DOI 10.1063/1.1407855; Girt, E., Richter, H.J., Antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular recording media (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 2306-2310. , Sep; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Hoeft, P.R., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Sbiaa, R., Aung, K.O., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., Patterned media with composite structure for writability at high areal recording density (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904. , Apr; Piramanayagam, S.N., Pang, S.I., Wang, J.P., Magnetization and thermal stability studies on laminated antiferromagnetically coupled (LAC) media (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 657-662. , Mar; Ariake, J., Watanabe, S., Honda, N., Stacked structure media for high density perpendicular recording (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, pp. 2304-2306. , Jun; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phy., 101, p. 023909. , Jan; Sbiaa, R., Hua, C.Z., Piramanayagam, S.N., Law, R., Aung, K.O., Thiyagarajah, N., Effect of film texture on magnetization reversal and switching field in continuous and patterned (Co/Pd) multilayers (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106, p. 023906. , Jul; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S. N.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: prem_sn@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aniya20102132,
author={Aniya, M. and Shimada, A. and Sonobe, Y. and Sato, K. and Shima, T. and Takanashi, K. and Greaves, S.J. and Ouchi, T. and Homma, T.},
title={Magnetization reversal process of hard/soft nano-composite structures formed by ion irradiation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={2132-2135},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043229},
art_number={5467376},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952805279&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043229&partnerID=40&md5=105e1512aee8a6f1e3ec2f9c51d2abb7},
affiliation={R and D Center, HOYA Corporation, MD Division, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8510, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Tagajo, Miyagi 985-8537, Japan; Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={Discrete track media (DTM) and bit-patterned media (BPM) are being extensively studied as routes to achieve higher density hard disk drives. In the DTM and BPM, it is essential to isolate the data tracks or bits with non-magnetic materials to reduce the magnetic noise from adjacent tracks or bits. In contrast to the conventional procedure of physically etching the media, we attempted to isolate the tracks or bits with soft regions using an area-selective ion irradiation method. We prepared hard and soft nano-composite structures by nanoimprinting, followed by ion irradiation. In this study, we confirmed the magnetic reversal process of the hard and soft regions of the nano-composite structure using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) with various external applied magnetic fields. The analysis of the magnetization reversal process of patterned Coupled Granular Continuous (CGC) films with weak exchange coupling confirmed the validity of this novel approach for the fabrication of DTM and BPM. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={CGC films;  Discrete-track media;  Exchange coupling;  Ion irradiation;  Magnetic modification;  Patterned media},
keywords={Contrast media;  Digital storage;  Etching;  Exchange coupling;  Ion bombardment;  Ion exchange;  Ions;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic materials;  Nanocomposites;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Structure (composition), Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Discrete track media;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Magnetic modification;  Magnetic reversal process;  Magnetization reversal process;  Nano-composite structure;  Patterned medias, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).},
references={Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1963-1971; Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Folks, L., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Patterning magnetic films by ion beam irradiation (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 7004; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Wellers, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by Ion Irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922. , Jun; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Schabes, M., Takano, K., Zeltzer, G., Yen, B.K., Nakamura, Y., Thermal stability and SNR of coupled granular/continuous media (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (4), pp. 1667-1670. , DOI 10.1109/20.950932, PII S0018946401058216; Sonobe, Y., Muraoka, H., Miura, K., Nakamura, Y., Takano, K., Moser, A., Do, H., Weresin, W., Thermally stable CGC perpendicular recording media with Pt-rich CoPtCr and thin Pt layers (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2006-2011; Tham, K.K., Sonobe, Y., Wago, K., Magnetic and read-write properties of coupled granular/continuous perpendicular recording media and magnetization reversal process (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (2), pp. 671-675; Muraoka, H., Sonobe, Y., Miura, K., Goodman, A.M., Nakamura, Y., Analysis on magnetization transition of CGC perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1632-1636. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017747, PII S0018946402056753; Yasumori, J., Sonobe, Y., Greaves, S.J., Tham, K.K., Approach to high-density recording using CGC structure (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 850-855; Aniya, M., Mitra, A., Shimada, A., Sonobe, Y., Ouchi, T., Greaves, S.J., Homma, T., Magnetic properties of patterned CGC perpendicular films with soft magnetic fillings (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (10), pp. 3539-3542; Yamaoka, T., Watanabe, K., Shirakawabe, Y., Chinone, K., Saitoh, E., Tanaka, M., Miyajima, H., Applications of high-resolution MFM system with low-moment probe in a vacuum (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3733-3735},
correspondence_address1={Aniya, M.; R and D Center, , Akishima, Tokyo 196-8510, Japan; email: Masanori_Aniya@sngw.rdc.hoya.co.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Zhang20101645,
author={Zhang, S. and Chen, B. and Wong, W.-E. and Lin-Yu, M. and Liu, Z.},
title={Effect of read head scaling on servo and data signal characteristics for staggered two-row-per-track bit-patterned-media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1645-1648},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2042688},
art_number={5467595},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952796439&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2042688&partnerID=40&md5=c7e99011cace26f578f45ee2237988e8},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, we investigate the effect of read head profile on the playback signal from data and servo sector in a staggered bit-patterned-media recording system. The scaling of the read head is targeted to achieve better data signal quality while such scaling is shown to have negative effect on the servo signal. A secondary servo burst that uses data samples to generate supplementary PES is then proposed and its feasibility is demonstrated. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media recording;  Position error signal;  Servo control},
keywords={Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media recordings;  Data sample;  Data signals;  Position error signals;  Read heads;  Servo bursts;  Servo control;  Servo signals, Electrical engineering},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: Viable route to 50 Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1 PART. 2), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Chen, Y.J., Huang, T.L., Leong, S.H., Hu, S.B., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Zong, B.Y., Ng, V., A study of multirow-per-track bit patterned media by spinstand testing an magnetic force microscopy (2008) App. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102501; Suzuki, H., Messner, W.C., Bain, J.A., Bhagavatula, V., Nabavi, S., Simultaneous PES generation, riming recovery, and multi-track read on bit patterned media: Concept and performance (2009) TMRC, , Presented at the; Wood, R.W., Wilton, D.T., Readback responses in three-dimensions for multi-layered recording media configurations (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (7), pp. 1874-1890. , Jul; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Sacks, A.H., (1995) Position Signal Generation in Magnetic Disk Drives, , Ph.D. dissertation, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA},
correspondence_address1={Zhang, S.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore, Singapore; email: zhang_songhua@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greaves20101460,
author={Greaves, S. and Kanai, Y. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2010},
volume={46},
number={6},
pages={1460-1463},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2010.2043221},
art_number={5467475},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952793844&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2010.2043221&partnerID=40&md5=cf6cee786d2261cd76c277df3c85d800},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={Shingled magnetic recording on bit patterned media with areal densities of 24 Tbit/in2 is examined. The use of a shingled recording scheme allows wider write poles and dots with higher anisotropy to be used. The down-track and cross-track write margins can be tailored to suit the tolerances of the drive by varying the bit cell aspect ratio. Readback waveforms are calculated for sensors of various size, including the effect of thermal noise in the sensor, and the combination of a wide sensor and bit aspect ratio (BAR) of 1:1 is found to give the highest SNR. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned perpendicular media;  Heads;  Magnetic recording;  Simulation},
keywords={Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Signal to noise ratio, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Heads;  Perpendicular media;  Readback waveforms;  Shingled magnetic recordings;  Shingled recordings;  Simulation, Aspect ratio},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 21 560 374},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Research and Development for Next Generation Information Technology project of the MEXT, Japanese Government, and by a Grant in Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#21 560 374) and the Storage Research Consortium, Japan.},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, J., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventional media (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 917-923. , Feb; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Shingled recording for 2-3 Tb/in (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3823-3829. , Oct; Miura, K., Yamamoto, E., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Estimation of maximum track density in shingled writing (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, pp. 3722-3725. , Oct; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in magnetic recording head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3430-3433. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.; RIEC, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2009,
author={Hellwig, O. and Hauet, T. and Thomson, T. and Dobisz, E. and Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D. and Yaney, D. and Terris, B.D. and Fullerton, E.E.},
title={Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2009},
volume={95},
number={23},
doi={10.1063/1.3271679},
art_number={232505},
note={cited By 85},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71949088038&doi=10.1063%2f1.3271679&partnerID=40&md5=0301d4e52d2baad53bf52f6f991faab5},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={In order to adjust the reversal field of high anisotropy [Co (2.8 Å) /Pd (9 Å)] 8 bit patterned media (BPM), one may increase the individual Co thickness to change the overall anisotropy or alternatively combine the high anisotropy multilayer with a lower anisotropy material, thus creating a heterogeneous laminated system. In the current study, we find that [Co/Pd] 8-N [Co/Ni] N hard-soft laminated BPM allows tuning the coercivity while maintaining a narrow normalized switching field distribution (σSFD / HC), whereas homogeneous structures with increased individual Co thickness show a more pronounced increase in σSFD / HC. Possible reasons for the different behavior, such as changes in strain and texture, are discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy materials;  Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Coercivities;  High anisotropy;  Homogeneous structure;  Laminated systems;  Switching field distribution, Coercive force;  Laminating;  Multilayers;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Palladium;  Rotating machinery;  Shock absorbers;  Tuning, Anisotropy},
references={Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 101 (2), p. 023909. , DOI 10.1063/1.2431399; Pierce, M.S., Buechler, C.R., Sorensen, L.B., Turner, J.J., Kevan, S.D., Jagla, E.A., Deutsch, J.M., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett., 94, p. 017202. , 0031-9007. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.017202; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Kortright, J.B., Fullerton, E.E., Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 319 (1-2), pp. 13-55. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035, PII S030488530700649X; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 0163-1829. 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414; Hellwig, O., Moser, A., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 192501. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3013857; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J.P., Landis, S., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., Domain structure in magnetic dots prepared by nanoimprint and e-beam lithography (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91, p. 7314. , DOI 10.1063/1.1452260; Nemoto, H., Hosoe, Y., Analysis of interfacial magnetic anisotropy in Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayer films (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1851874, 10J109; Baltz, V., Rodmacq, B., Bollero, A., Ferŕ, J., Landis, S., Dieny, B., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, p. 052503. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3078523; Engel, B., England, C.D., Van Leeuwen, R.A., Wiedmann, M.H., Falco, C.M., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 1910. , 0031-9007. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1910; We note that we also observed a small decrease in anisotropy due to the change in the number of repeats from eight down to four, which may contribute some additional reduction to the reversal field; We note however that the hard/soft laminated sample series showed more curved hard axis hysteresis loops than the Co thickness series, thus suggesting some degree of exchange spring reversal mechanism for the hard/soft laminated structures; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.2822439; note; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.06.041},
correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: olav.hellwig@hitachigst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Krone2009,
author={Krone, P. and Makarov, D. and Schrefl, T. and Albrecht, M.},
title={Effect of the anisotropy distribution on the coercive field and switching field distribution of bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={106},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.3260240},
art_number={103913},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71749111493&doi=10.1063%2f1.3260240&partnerID=40&md5=c39eec560876917f8862b7feea64c332},
affiliation={Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, A-3100 St. Pölten, Austria},
abstract={We present a systematic study on the magnetization reversal in square arrays of magnetic nanostructures. To account for the unavoidable inhomogeneities of the magnetic properties due to, i.e., template preparation, a distribution of magnetic anisotropy values was taken into account. We show that the variation in magnetic anisotropy within an array of magnetic nanostructures and the influence of magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the individual bits with separation distance is crucial for the performance of bit patterned media (BPM) concerning in particular the switching field distribution (SFD). Interestingly, a narrowing of the SFD was found with the angle between the direction of the external magnetic field and easy axis of magnetization, which is an important aspect for the usability of BPM with tilted anisotropy at ultrahigh storage densities beyond 1 Tbit/in.2. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy distribution;  Bit-patterned media;  Coercive field;  Easy axis of magnetization;  External magnetic field;  Inhomogeneities;  Magnetic dipole-dipole interaction;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Separation distances;  Square array;  Storage densities;  Switching field distribution;  Systematic study, Magnetic fields;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Magnets;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Rotating machinery;  Shock absorbers, Magnetic anisotropy},
funding_details={Seventh Framework ProgrammeSeventh Framework Programme, FP7, 224001},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission},
funding_text 1={The authors like to thank Werner Scholz (Seagate Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) for fruitful discussions. This work was supported in part by the European Commission via the TERAMAGSTOR project (Grant No. 224001) FIG. 1. Sketch of the model under study. FIG. 2. (a) Hysteresis half-loop with marked SFD and coercive field, H C . Magnetic states of the system at (b) 0 Oe, (c) 9.4 kOe, (d) 11 kOe, (e) 12.6 kOe, (f) 14 kOe, (g) 14.9 kOe, (h) 16.2 kOe, (i) 18.6 kOe, and (k) 21.2 kOe are shown. Parameters of this simulation: D = 20   nm , K U = 10 7   erg / cm 3 , σ K u = 0.05 . FIG. 3. (a) Dependency of the coercive field on the magnetic anisotropy constant for different σ K u values. (b) Variation of SFD / H A as function of the standard deviation σ K u for different values of K U . (c) Variation of SFD / H A as function of the magnetic anisotropy constant using various standard deviations, σ K u . Note that the lines are guides to the eye. The distance between two bits was set to 20 nm ( 1.5   Tbit / in . 2 ) . FIG. 4. (a) M x , (b) M y , and (c) M z component of the magnetization direction of the center bit of an 3 × 3   bit array at remanence after relaxation from an initially saturated state. The magnetic anisotropy constant, K U , was set to 10 7   erg / cm 3 . In the color scheme the red color corresponds to a maximum, the blue to a minimum, and the green to an intermediate value of the component along the x , y , or z -direction. Note that the absolute difference between minimum and maximum value of M s is 3.26%, which defines the tilt of the bit. FIG. 5. Dependency of H C on the center-to-center distance for varying magnetic anisotropy values. The standard deviation, σ K u , was set to 0.05. The gray area defines the region with areal densities beyond 2   Tbit / in . 2 . FIG. 6. Dependency of the SFD / H A on the center-to-center distance between two bits for (a) different values of the magnetic anisotropy constant ( M S = 14   kG ) and (b) different values of M S ( K U = 2 × 10 7   erg / cm 3 ) . The standard deviation, σ K u , was set to 0.05. The gray area defines the region with areal densities beyond 2   Tbit / in . 2 . FIG. 7. (a) Angular dependence of the (a) switching field and (b) SFD SFD / H A for different distances between two bits and different σ K u , ( K U = 10 7   erg / cm 3 ) .},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88 (22), p. 222512. , DOI 10.1063/1.2209179; Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review of Materials Science, 31, pp. 203-235. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38 (12), pp. R199-R222. , DOI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01, PII S0022372705624576; Terris, B.D., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 512. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.046; Weller, D., Brandle, H., Gorman, G., Lin, C.-J., Notrays, H., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 2726. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.108074; Plumer, M.L., Ek, J.V., Weller, D., (2001) Media for Extremely High Density Recording, , (Springer US, Berlin); Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (15), p. 2875. , DOI 10.1063/1.1512946; Barbic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Recording processes in perpendicular patterned media using longitudinal magnetic recording heads (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37, pp. 1657-1660. , DOI 10.1109/20.950929, PII S0018946401058204; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Magnetic reversal of sub-100 nm nanostructures studied by a FIB-trimmed recording head (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (2), pp. 129-132. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0139-6, 4th European Workshop on Innovative Mass Storage Technology, Aachen, Germany, on 28-29 September 2004; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Writing and reading perpendicular magnetic recording media patterned by a focused ion beam (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (7), pp. 990-992. , DOI 10.1063/1.1347390; Jermey, P.M., Shute, H.A., Ahmed, M.Z., Wilton, D.T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 2992. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.04.055; Kikitsu, A., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 526. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., (2003) Comput. Mater. 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(1987) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 69 (2), pp. 149-157. , DOI 10.1016/0304-8853(87)90111-9; Kronmüller, H., (1987) Phys. Status Solidi B, 144, p. 385. , 0370-1972. 10.1002/pssb.2221440134; Schabes Manfred, E., Micromagnetic theory of non-uniform magnetization processes in magnetic recording particles (1991) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 95 (3), pp. 249-288. , DOI 10.1016/0304-8853(91)90225-Y; Basu, S., Fry, P.W., Gibbs, M.R.J., Schrefl, T., Allwood, D.A., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 083901. , 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.3098251; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Kortright, J.B., Fullerton, E.E., Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 319 (1-2), pp. 13-55. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035, PII S030488530700649X; Fullerton, E.E., Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., Carey, M., Gurney, B., Moser, A., Best, M., Rosen, H., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, p. 3806. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.1329868; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys. (Moscow), 2, p. 161. , 0368-3400; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., Angular dependence of the switching field of thin-film longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording media (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (8), p. 4553. , DOI 10.1063/1.1508430; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.-U., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 8471. , 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.1540167; Ulbrich, T.C., Makarov, D., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Magnetization reversal in a novel gradient nanomaterial (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (7), pp. 1-4. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.077202&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.077202, 077202; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599. , 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Gao, K.-Z., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675. , 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2002.804801; Wang, J.P., Zou, Y.Y., Hee, C.H., Chong, T.C., Zheng, Y.F., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1930. , 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2003.813775; Wang, J.-P., Magnetic data storage: Tilting for the top (2005) Nature Materials, 4 (3), pp. 191-192. , DOI 10.1038/nmat1344},
correspondence_address1={Krone, P.; Institute of Physics, , D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; email: philipp.krone@physik.tu-chemnitz.de},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Xu2009,
author={Xu, S. and Chen, J. and Zhou, G.},
title={Recording performance evaluation of high-density patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7517},
doi={10.1117/12.843334},
art_number={75170M},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings, POEM 2009 - Optical Storage and New Storage Technologies ; Conference Date: 8 August 2009 Through 10 August 2009;  Conference Code:78813},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71549150313&doi=10.1117%2f12.843334&partnerID=40&md5=de58a777950bdb168971b70bea4ff2a0},
affiliation={College of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China},
abstract={Continuous increment of magnetic recording density requires the realization of necessary signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) with less number of grains per bit, a fundamental limit in this approach is that the thermal effect for continued scaling would cause spontaneous magnetization reversal of individual grains, which would result in loss of recorded data. Patterned media can significantly reduce the grain number per bit at the required SNR by its good pattern shape uniformity. This paper focused on the recording performance evaluation of bit patterned media. Using Karlqvist head and single pole head, the SNR of oriented continuous media (CM), patterned longitudinal media (PLM) and perpendicular patterned media (PPM) were investigated via finite element method. It is found that the SNR of PLM is approximately 20% higher than that of CM, with the same anisotropy orientation distribution. At each areal density, the SNR of PPM remains the highest before the areal density reaches 800Gbit/in2. By comparing the simulation results of SNR of patterned longitudinal media at different bit aspect ratio, it is indicated that with the dot size dispersion increase, the perfect media with the highest SNR was also the most susceptible to size variation. These dispersions significantly increase down-track noise and the effect was greatest at high linear densities where the signal was low. The effect of grain diameter on magnetization variance of both PLM and PPM were also investigated. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.},
author_keywords={Dot size dispersion;  Grain diameter;  Patterned media;  SNR},
keywords={Anisotropy orientation;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Continuous media;  Dot size;  Fundamental limits;  Grain diameter;  Grain numbers;  High linear density;  High-density;  Longitudinal media;  Pattern shape;  Patterned medias;  Recording performance;  Signal to noise;  Simulation result;  Single-pole head;  Size variation;  Spontaneous magnetization, Aspect ratio;  Dispersions;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization reversal;  Magnets;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Pulse modulation;  Pulse position modulation, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Richter, R.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2009) J .Magn. Magn. Mat, 321, pp. 467-476; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 81 (15); Mee C.D. and Daniel E.D., [MAGNETIC RECORDING TECHNOLOGY], McGraw-Hill publisher, New York, 5.3-5.6, 5.20-5.29 (1995); Chinese source; Zhu, J.G., Lin, X.D., Guan, L.J., Messner, W., Recording, Noise, and Servo Characteristics of Patterned Thin Film Media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1); Zhu, J.G., Guan, L.J., Investigation of Patterned Thin Film Media for Ultra-High Density Recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (5); Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Optimization of bit patterned media for 1Tb/in2 (2008) J .Magn. Magn. Mat, 320, pp. 3092-3095; Miles, J.J., Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Performance of Perpendicular Recording Media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (3); Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X.C., Tang, Y.H., Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1)},
correspondence_address1={Xu, S.; College of Computer Science and Technology, , Wuhan 430074, China},
sponsors={Chinese Optical Society; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China Hubei Provincial Science Technology Department; Adm. Comm. Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Dev. Zone},
address={Wuhan},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819479068},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2009,
title={ECS Transactions - Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices 10 - 214th ECS Meeting},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2009},
volume={16},
number={45},
page_count={324},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices 10 - 214th ECS Meeting ; Conference Date: 12 October 2008 Through 17 October 2008;  Conference Code:78260},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70849125449&partnerID=40&md5=ef0dc077f9284df587c9d190ffb5ff1b},
abstract={The proceedings contain 26 papers. The topics discussed include: lab-on-chip fabrication of atomic scale magnetic junctions; crystallographic damage to Mn-Ir antiferromagnets by ion beam etching; extreme nano-structure control by sputtering for the high density perpendicular recording media and head; microstructure of bit patterned media and recording characteristics in perpendicular magnetic recording; electrochemical fabrication of CoPt nanodot arrays on glass disks by UV nanoinprint lithography; filling of FePt in AAO nanohole array by DCc pulsed electrodeposition; controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanostructures using biogenic polyamines; surface modification of chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticles; a concept for the characterization and analysis of the permeability of soft magnetic thin-films; and design of a multiple-electrode magnetic-alloy plating cell using numerical modeling.},
sponsors={Electrodeposition},
address={Honolulu, HI},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781615673162},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@BOOK{Albrecht2009237,
author={Albrecht, T.R. and Hellwing, O. and Ruiz, R. and Schabes, M.E. and Terris, B.D. and Wu, X.Z.},
title={Bit-patterned magnetic recording: Nanoscale magnetic islands for data storage},
journal={Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications},
year={2009},
pages={237-274},
doi={10.1007/978-0-387-85600-1_9},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892350789&doi=10.1007%2f978-0-387-85600-1_9&partnerID=40&md5=352c018479f3aa4f1d09a72142a2813f},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95123, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned recording shows potential as a route to thermally stable data recording at densities greater than 1 Tbit/in2, provided that a number of challenging requirements can be met. Micromagnetic modeling of the write process shows that high write-field gradient (&gt;350 Oe/nm) and tight tolerances on island fabrication and write synchronization (both in the range of ∼1 nm sigma) are required for addressability (the ability to write a given island without detrimentally affecting neighboring islands). Magnetically uniform islands are also required, with tight island switching-field distribution (5-10% of H k ). We show that magnetic multilayer films with perpendicular anisotropy (e.g., Co/Pd multilayers and laminated films of Co/Pd with other materials) are promising candidates for magnetic layer deposition onto pre-patterned substrates. A suitable strategy for patterned media fabrication begins with master pattern generation using electron beam lithography to create chemical contrast guiding patterns for self-assembly; this approach produces higher quality and higher density patterns than e-beam alone. Patterns are replicated over large volumes of disks by UV-cure nanoimprint lithography, followed by etching of the substrate or magnetic layer. Integration of bit-patterned media into a functional recording system requires write synchronization, in which the timing of current switching in the write head is synchronized with the passage of individual islands under the write head. Write synchronization may be implemented using a sector synchronization system, in which the write clock is frequency- and phase-locked to timing bursts read from the disk during periodic interruptions in the writing process. © 2009 Springer-Verlag US.},
references={Richter, H.J., Recent advances in the recording physics of thin-film media (1999) Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 32 (21), pp. R147-R168; Moser, A., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 35 (19), pp. R157-R167; (2006) Idema Discon, , Seagate. in presented at, Sept; Mao, S., (2007) Westen Digital Presented at PMRC, , from, Tokyo Japan; Shen, X., Issues in recording exchange coupled composite media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (2), pp. 676-681; Miles, J.J., Parametric optimization for terabit perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 39, pp. 1876-1890. , 4Ieee Transactions on Magnetics; Gao, K.Z., Bertraum, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in(2) and data rates beyond 1 Gb/s (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (6), pp. 3675-3683; Richter, H.J., The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007) Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 40 (9), pp. R149-R177; McDaniel, T.W., Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording (2005) Journal of Physics- Condensed Matter, 17 (7), pp. R315-R332; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X.C., Tang, Y.H., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 125-131; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L.S., Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (1996) Journal of Applied Physics, 79 (8), pp. 6101-6106; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Lithographically patterned single-domain cobalt islands for high-density magnetic recording (1996) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 155 (1-3), pp. 140-145; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 38, pp. R199-R222; Schabes, M.E., Micromagentic simulations for tb/in2 recording systems (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (22), pp. 2880-2884; Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in(2) and beyond (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Hu, J., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524; Kish, L.B., Ajayan, P.M., TerraByte flash memory with carbon nanotubes (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86, p. 093106; Albrecht, M., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97 (10), p. 103910; Baltz, V., Multilevel magnetic media in continuous and patterned films with out-of-plane magnetization (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 290, pp. 1286-1289; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 4-9; Weller, D., High K-u materials approach to 100 Gbits/in(2) (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 10-15; Klemmer, T.J., Structural studies of L1(0) FePt nanoparticles (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81 (12), pp. 2220-2222; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 89 (18), p. 113105. , 189901; Albrecht, M., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411; Schabes, M.E., The write process and thermal stability in bit patterned recording media (2007) 10th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference, , Baltimore, MD; Schrefl, T., (2007), Private communication; Ise, K., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424; McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Sendur, K., Issues in heat-assisted perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 39 (4), pp. 1972-1979; Nembach, H.T., Microwave assisted switching in a Ni81Fe19 ellipsoid (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (6), p. 062503; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88, p. 222512; Moritz, J., Magnetization dynamics and thermal stability in patterned media (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86 (6), p. 063512; Rettner, C.T., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co 70 Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1725-1730; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96, p. 257204; Hu, G., Magnetization reversal in Co/Pd nanostructures and films (2005) Journal of Applied Physics, 97, p. 10702; Bardou, N., Light-diffraction effects in the magnetooptical properties of 2d arrays of magnetic dots of Au/Co/Au(111) films with perpendicular magnetic-anisotropy (1995) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 148 (1-2), pp. 293-294; Hellwig, O., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90, p. 162516; Shaw, J.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) Journal of Applied Physics, 101, p. 023909; Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., Relationship between high-density recording performance and particle coercivity distribution (1991) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 27 (6), pp. 4975-4977; Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Determination of intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular recording media (invited) (2006) Journal of Applied Physics, 99 (8), pp. 08E705; Berger, A., Delta H(M, Delta M) method for the determination of intrinsic switching field distributions in perpendicular media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3178-3180; Ruiz, R., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed black copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (5891), pp. 936-939; Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization and limits (2007) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 308 (2), pp. 183-197; Suess, D., Optimization of exchange spring perpendicular recording media (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3166-3168; Moser, A., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 91, p. 162502; Hellwig, O., Suppression of magnetic trench material in bit patterned media fabricated by blanket deposition onto pre-patterned substrates (2008) Applied Physics Letters, 93, p. 192501; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), , http://www.itrs.net/home.html.2007; Zeon Chemicals, , ZEP520A electron beam resist, L.P; Yasin, S., Hasko, D.G., Ahmed, H., Fabrication of < 5 nm width lines in poly (methylmethacrylate) resist using a water : Isopropyl alcohol developer and ultrasonically-assisted development (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 78 (18), pp. 2760-2762; Tiberio, R., private communication; Yang, X., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) The Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 25 (6), pp. 2202-2209; Colburn, M., Step and flash imprint lithography: A new approach to high resolution patterning (1999) Proceedings of SPIE, 3676, p. 379; Lentz, D., Whole wafer imprint patterning using step and flash imprint lithography: A manufacturing solution for sub-100-nm patterning (2007) Proceedings of SPIE, 6517, pp. 65172F; Morkved, T.L., Mesoscopic self-assembly of gold islands an diblock-copolymer films (1994) Applied Physics Letters, 64 (4), pp. 422-424; Mansky, P., Chaikin, P., Thomas, E.L., Monolayer films of diblock copolymer microdomains for nanolithographic applications (1995) Journal of Materials Science, 30 (8), pp. 1987-1992; Park, M., Block copolymer lithography: Periodic arrays of ∼1011 holes in 1?square centimeter (1997) Science, 276 (5317), pp. 1401-1404; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block copolymer thermodynamics: Theory and experiment (1990) Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 41 (1), pp. 525-557; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Nanoscopic templates from oriented block copolymer films (2000) Advanced Materials, 12 (11), pp. 787-791; Asakawa, K., Hiraoka, T., Nanopatterning with microdomains of block copolymers using reactive-ion etching selectivity (2002) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, 41 (10), pp. 6112-6118; Guarini, K.W., Nanoscale patterning using self-assembled polymers for semiconductor applications (2001) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 19 (6), pp. 2784-2788; Cheng, J.Y., Magnetic properties of large-area particle arrays fabricated using block copolymer lithography (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 2541-2543; Naito, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted selfassembling method (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1949-1951; Park, S.-M., Directed assembly of lamellae-forming block copolymers by using chemically and topographically patterned substrates (2007) Advanced Materials, 19 (4), pp. 607-611; Black, C.T., Polymer self assembly in semiconductor microelectronics (2007) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 51 (5), pp. 605-633; Segalman, R.A., Patterning with block copolymer thin films (2005) Materials Science & Engineering R-Reports, 48 (6), pp. 191-226; Lazzari, M., Lopez-Quintela, M.A., Block copolymers as a tool for nanomaterial fabrication (2003) Advanced Materials, 15 (19), pp. 1583-1594; Hamley, I.W., (1998) The Physics of Block Copolymers, 8, p. 424. , Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press; Hamley, I.W., Nanostructure fabrication using block copolymers (2003) Nanotechnology, 14 (10), pp. R39-R54; Edwards, E.W., Precise control over molecular dimensions of block-copolymer domains using the interfacial energy of chemically nanopatterned substrates (2004) Advanced Materials, 16 (15), p. 1315; Edwards, E.W., Dimensions and shapes of block copolymer domains assembled on lithographically defined chemically patterned substrates (2007) Macromolecules, 40 (1), pp. 90-96; Cheng, J.Y., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., Nanostructure engineering by templated selfassembly of block copolymers (2004) Nature Materials, 3 (11), pp. 823-828; Turner, M.S., Equilibrium properties of a diblock copolymer lamellar phase confined between flat plates (1992) Physical Review Letters, 69 (12), pp. 1788-1791; Walton, D.G., A free-energy model for confined diblock copolymers (1994) Macromolecules, 27 (21), pp. 6225-6228; Helfand, E., Tagami, Y., Theory of the interface between immiscible polymers (1972) The Journal of Chemical Physics, 57 (4), pp. 1812-1813; Semenov, A.N., Contribution to the theory of microphase layering in block-copolymer melts (1985) Soviet Physics - JETP, 61 (4), p. 733; Leibler, L., Theory of microphase separation in block copolymers (1980) Macromolecules, 13 (6), pp. 1602-1617; Black, C.T., Bezencenet, O., Nanometer-scale pattern registration and alignment by directed diblock copolymer self-assembly (2004) IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 3 (3), pp. 412-415; Segalman, R.A., Hexemer, A., Kramer, E.J., Edge effects on the order and freezing of a 2D array of block copolymer spheres (2003) Physical Review Letters, 91 (19), p. 196101; Rockford, L., Polymers on nanoperiodic, heterogeneous surfaces (1999) Physical Review Letters, 82 (12), p. 2602; Kim, S.O., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (6947), pp. 411-414; Morkved, T.L., Local control of microdomain orientation in diblock copolymer thin films with electric fields (1996) Science, 273 (5277), pp. 931-933; Angelescu, D.E., Macroscopic orientation of block copolymer cylinders in single-layer films by shearing (2004) Advanced Materials, 16 (19), p. 1736; Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., Patterned Media Magnetic Recording Disk Drive with Timing of Write Pulses by Sensing The Patterned Media, , US Patent 6, 754, 017; Albrecht, T.R., Bandic, Z.Z., Method for Formatting A Magnetic Recording Disk with Patterned Nondata Islands of Alternating Polarity, , US Patent 7, 236, 325},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, T.R.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, , San Jose, CA 95123, United States; email: Thomas.Albrecht@hitachigst.com},
publisher={Springer US},
isbn={9780387855981},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanoscale Magnetic Mater. and Applic.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Grenon2009,
author={Grenon, B.J.},
title={A cost of ownership model for imprint lithography templates for HDD applications},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7488},
doi={10.1117/12.833468},
art_number={74880U},
note={cited By 1; Conference of Photomask Technology 2009 ; Conference Date: 14 September 2009 Through 17 September 2009;  Conference Code:85175},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959366853&doi=10.1117%2f12.833468&partnerID=40&md5=44a18509a3a4212cad165091d6d27ca7},
affiliation={Grenon Consulting, Inc., 92 Dunlop Way, Colchester, VT 05446, United States},
abstract={Cost of ownership projections have often been used to determine the potential costs associated with the introduction of novel lithography applications. While they are often controversial and their accuracy or usefulness are a function of the validity of the assumptions used to build the model; they provide insight to the real technical issues, as well as, the critical areas that required the most financial and technical resources for success and profitability. This paper will provide a first look at the key technical and financial challenges of using nano-imprint technology for the fabrication of hard disk drives (HDD). The focus will be on the master template/stamp cost of ownership, pattern generation time, inspection and repair and yield. This paper will not address the costs associated with replication of the master template because many of the assumptions for replication robustness have yet to be realized in a production environment. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  Cost of ownership;  Discrete track recording (DTR);  High density disk (HDD);  Nano-imprint;  Nano-imprint stamp;  Pattern generation;  Template},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Cost of ownership;  Discrete track recording;  High density;  Nano-imprint;  Pattern Generation;  Template, Costs;  Hard disk storage;  Photomasks;  Profitability, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Dauksher, W.J., Le, N.V., Ainley, E.S., Nordquist, K.J., Gehoski, K.A., Young, S.R., Baker, J.H., Mangat, P.S., Nano-imprint lithography: Templates, imprinting and wafer pattern transfer (2006) Microelectronic Engineering, (4-9), pp. 929-932. , April-September; Trybula, W.J., Kimmel, K.R., Grenon, B.J., Financial impact of technology acceleration on semiconductor masks (2001) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 4562, pp. 321-328. , DOI 10.1117/12.458307; Grenon, B.J., Hector, S., Mask costs: A new look (2006) Proceedings of the 22nd European Mask and Lithography Conference, 6281},
correspondence_address1={Grenon, B. J.; Grenon Consulting, Inc., 92 Dunlop Way, Colchester, VT 05446, United States; email: bgrenon@together.net},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819477958},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Schmid2009,
author={Schmid, G.M. and Brooks, C. and Ye, Z. and Johnson, S. and LaBrake, D. and Sreenivasan, S.V. and Resnick, D.J.},
title={Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography for the fabrication of patterned media drives},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7488},
doi={10.1117/12.833366},
art_number={748820},
note={cited By 27; Conference of Photomask Technology 2009 ; Conference Date: 14 September 2009 Through 17 September 2009;  Conference Code:85175},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953315483&doi=10.1117%2f12.833366&partnerID=40&md5=16c91cb1aff0a946e89a19bdc647459a},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc, 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={The ever-growing demand for hard drives with greater storage density has motivated a technology shift from continuous magnetic media to patterned media hard disks, which are expected to be implemented in future generations of hard disk drives to provide data storage at densities exceeding 1012 bits per square inch. Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FILTM) technology has been employed to pattern the hard disk substrates. This paper discusses the infrastructure required to enable J-FIL in high-volume manufacturing; namely, fabrication of master templates, template replication, high-volume imprinting with precisely controlled residual layers, dual-sided imprinting and defect inspection. Imprinting of disks is demonstrated with substrate throughput currently as high as 180 disks/hour (dual-sided). These processes are applied to patterning hard disk substrates with both discrete tracks and bit-patterned designs. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Defect inspection;  Imprint;  J-FIL;  Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography;  Patterned media;  Template},
keywords={Defect inspection;  Imprint;  J-FIL;  Patterned medias;  Template, Defects;  Drives;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic storage;  Photomasks;  Substrates;  Technology, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Poulsen, V., (1899), U.S. Patent No. 822,222 (8 July); Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, pp. 611-644; Chen, B.M., Lee, T.H., Peng, K., Venkataramanan, V., (2007) Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems, , 2nd ed. (Springer, NY; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1976-1978; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. of the IEEE, 85 (4), pp. 652-671; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D.P., Nordquist, K.J., Ainley, E.S., Gehoski, K.A., Baker, J.H., Microlithogr, J., (2002) Microfabrication, Microsyst., 1, pp. 284-289; Preliminary experiments have demonstrated template lifetimes exceeding 104 imprints (unpublished data); Miller, M., Schmid, G.M., Doyle, G.F., Thompson, E.D., Resnick, D.J., (2007) Microelectronic Engineering, 84, pp. 885-890; Brooks, C., Schmid, G.M., Miller, M., Johnson, S., Khusnatdinov, N., LaBrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., (2009) Proc. SPIE, Alternative Lithographic Technologies, pp. 72711L; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83 (21), pp. 4363-4365; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Lett., 4 (12), pp. 2467-2471; Meeks, S.W., Weresin, W.E., Rosen, H.J., Optical surface analysis of the head-disk-interface of thin film disks (1995) Journal of Tribology, 117 (1), pp. 112-118; Schmid, G.M., Khusnatdinov, N., Luo, K., Fretwell, J., Wada, H., Resnick, D., Toward automated pattern inspection and defect characterization for patterned media lithography (2009) 53rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication, , presented at The on May 28},
correspondence_address1={Schmid, G. M.; Molecular Imprints, Inc, 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819477958},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Liu2009,
author={Liu, Y. and Tabet, M. and Hu, J. and Yu, Z. and Hwu, J. and Hu, W. and Zhu, S. and Gauzner, G. and Lee, K. and Lee, S.},
title={Optical critical dimension measurements for patterned media with 10's nm feature size},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7520},
doi={10.1117/12.839523},
art_number={75200H},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2009 Lithography Asia Conference ; Conference Date: 18 November 2009 Through 19 November 2009;  Conference Code:80173},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952062794&doi=10.1117%2f12.839523&partnerID=40&md5=36b80406ac9dcc0cd1b1d836452ef749},
affiliation={Nanometrics, Inc., 1550 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA 95014, United States; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94536, United States},
abstract={Patterned media is expected to be implemented in future generations of hard disk drives to provide data storage at densities exceeding 1012 bits/in2 and beyond. The implementation of patterned media, which would involve developing processing methods to offer high resolution (small bits), regular patterns, and high density, has posed a number of metrology challenges. Optical Critical Dimension (OCD) is the leading candidate to overcome the metrology challenges for patterned media. This paper presents the successful OCD measurements on the critical dimensions, sidewall-angles, and detailed sidewall shape of gratings of quartz template and imprint disk with pitch as small as 57nm. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.},
author_keywords={Nanoimprint;  OCD;  Patterned media;  Template},
keywords={Critical dimension;  Data storage;  Feature sizes;  Future generations;  Hard Disk Drive;  High density;  High resolution;  Nano-imprint;  Optical critical dimensions;  Patterned medias;  Processing method;  Regular patterns, Hard disk storage;  Oxide minerals;  Photoresists;  Quartz, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Chou, S., Krauss, P., Renstom, P., Imprint Lithography with 25-Nanometer Resolution (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; Colburn, M., Suez, I., Choi, B.J., Meissl, M., Bailey, T., Sreenivasan, S.V., Ekerdt, J.G., Wilson, C.G., Characterization and Modeling of Volumetric and Mechanical Properties for Step and Flash Imprint Lithography Photopolymers (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2685; Wang, H., Yu, Z., Feldbaum, M., Kurataka, N., Hsu, Y., Gauzner, G., Weller, D., Lee, K., Template Replication Using a Tone-Reversal Imprint Process for Patterned Magnetic Recording Media The 7th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, NTT2008; Schmida, G.M., Miller, M., Brooks, C., Khusnatdinov, N., LaBrake, D., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Weller, D., Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media (2009) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 27 (2), pp. 573-580. , Mar/Apr; Mui, D., Critical Dimension and Profile Measurement by Optical Scatterometry for Sub-0.15 μm Advanced Gate and Shallow Trench IsolationStructures AVS 48th Symposium, San Francisco, 2001; Yang, W., Line-Profile and Critical Dimension Measurements Using a Normal Incidence Optical Metrology System SPIE Microlithography Proceedings, 2002; Hoobler, R.J., Apak, E., Optical critical dimension (OCD) measurments for profile monitoring and control: Applications for mask inspection and fabrication (2003) Proc. SPIE, 5256, p. 638; Kritsun, O., La Fontaine, B., Liu, Y., Saravanan, C.S., Extending scatterometry to the measurements of sub 40 nm features, double patterning structures, and 3D OPC patterns (2008) Proceedings of the SPIE, 6924, pp. 69241M-69241M9; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., Patterned Media Towards Nano-bit Magnetic Recording: Fabrication and Challenges (2007) Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 1, pp. 29-40},
correspondence_address1={Liu, Y.; Nanometrics, Inc., 1550 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA 95014, United States},
sponsors={The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)},
address={Taipei},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819479099},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Roberts2009,
author={Roberts, J. and Hu, L. and Eriksson, T. and Thulin, K. and Heidari, B.},
title={A non-destructive metrology solution for detailed measurements of imprint templates and media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7488},
doi={10.1117/12.833465},
art_number={74881Z},
note={cited By 2; Conference of Photomask Technology 2009 ; Conference Date: 14 September 2009 Through 17 September 2009;  Conference Code:85175},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952051898&doi=10.1117%2f12.833465&partnerID=40&md5=e8299cc17b13319d7ed06ad95eb90614},
affiliation={N and K Technology, Inc., 80 Las Colinas Lane, San Jose, CA 95119, United States; Obducat Technologies AB, P.O. Box 580, SE-201 25, Malmö, Sweden; Obducat AB (publ), P.O. Box 580, SE-201 25, Malmö, Sweden},
abstract={This study investigates a non-destructive optical metrology technique, that furnishes measurement solutions for hard drive discrete track recording (DTR) and bit patterned media (BPM) templates and imprints. From the measurement and analysis of polarized reflectance and transmittance, feature height and profile of DTR and BPM templates and imprints, as well as residual layer thickness of imprints, are accurately determined, and uniformity maps of these parameters are produced in a fraction of a minute. Simulations of theoretical polarized reflectance and transmittance, relating to next generation structures, demonstrate that the optical metrology solution has capability for future products. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={BPM;  DTR;  Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations;  Imprint lithography;  Optical metrology;  Patterned media;  RCWA;  Residual layer thickness},
keywords={BPM;  DTR;  Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations;  Imprint lithography;  Optical Metrology;  Patterned medias;  RCWA;  Residual layer thickness, Measurements;  Optical recording;  Photomasks;  Reflection;  Units of measurement, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Kryder, M.H., Carnegie Mellon, U., Magnetic recording roadmap (2007) Technical Symposium IDEMA; Lam, J.C., Gray, A., Howell, R., Chen, S., Polarized transmittance-reflectance scatterometry measurements of 2D trench dimensions on phase-shift masks (2007) Photomask Japan 2007 - Proc. SPIE 6607, p. 660710; Moharam, M.G., Grann, E.B., Pommet, D.A., Gaylord, T.K., Formulation for stable and efficient implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis of binary gratings (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am., 12, p. 5; Forouhi, A.R., Bloomer, I., Optical dispersion relations for amorphous semiconductors and amorphous dielectrics (1986) Physical Review B, 34, p. 7018; Forouhi, A.R., Bloomer, I., Optical properties of crystalline semiconductors and dielectrics (1988) Physical Review B, 38, p. 1865; Callegari, Babich, K., Optical characterization of attenuated phase shifters (1997) Proc. SPIE, 3050, p. 507; Brooks, C.B., Buie, M.J., Waheed, N.L., Martin, P.M., Walsh, P., Evans, G., Process monitoring of etched quartz phase shift reticles (2002) Proc. SPIE, 4889, p. 25; Gray, A., Lam, J.C., Chen, S., Innovative application of the RCWA method for the ultra-sensitive transmittance-based CD measurements on phase-shift masks (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6533, pp. 65330F},
correspondence_address1={Roberts, J.; N and K Technology, Inc., 80 Las Colinas Lane, San Jose, CA 95119, United States},
sponsors={BACUS; The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)},
address={Monterey, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819477958},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goll2009652,
author={Goll, D.},
title={Magnetism of nanostructured materials for advanced magnetic recording},
journal={International Journal of Materials Research},
year={2009},
volume={100},
number={5},
pages={652-662},
doi={10.3139/146.110091},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951965425&doi=10.3139%2f146.110091&partnerID=40&md5=366b46f725c87d62d71f25de0688a2ad},
affiliation={Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany},
abstract={The continuous increase in magnetic recording density has so far been achieved by scaling the geometrical dimensions. However, it is now obvious that conventional magnetic recording is reaching its scaling limit. To realize ultrahigh recording densities of 1 Tbit/in2 and beyond in the future one of the most straightforward concepts is bit-patterned composite media with a regular arrangement of magnetic nanodots, where each nanodot is composed of a hard magnetic and a soft magnetic part and represents one bit. The hard magnetic component guarantees thermal stability for smallest dot sizes whereas the soft magnetic component reduces the coercivity and thus enables writeability with conventional heads. In this review the requirements for ultrahigh density magnetic recording are presented which seem to be optimally fulfilled by L1 0-FePt (hard magnetic)/Fe (soft magnetic) nanocomposites. © Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH &amp; Co.},
author_keywords={Exchange-coupled composite media;  L10-FePt;  Magnetic nano- structures;  Magnetic nanopatterns;  Ultrahigh density magnetic recording},
keywords={Composite media;  Exchange-coupled composite media;  Magnetic nanopatterns;  Nano pattern;  Ultrahigh density, Magnetic devices;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Thermogravimetric analysis, Magnetism},
references={Binasch, G., Grünberg, P., Saurenbach, F., Zinn, W., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 4828; McFadyen, I.R., Fullerton, E.E., Carey, M.J., (2006) MRS Bulletin, 31, p. 379; Richter, H.J., (1999) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 32, pp. R147; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 40, pp. R149; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, pp. R157; Richter, H.J., Harkness, S.D., (2006) MRS Bulletin, 31, p. 384; Bandic, Z.Z., Litvinov, D., Rooks, M., (2008) MRS Bulletin, 33, p. 831; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38, pp. R199; Litvinov, D., Parekh, V., Smith, C.E.D., Rantschler, J.O., Ruchhoeft, P., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., (2008) IEEE Trans Nanotechnology, 7, p. 463; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , Doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.041; Wang, J.P., (2005) Nature Materials, 4, p. 191; Alex, M., Tselikov, A., McDaniel, T., Deeman, N., Valet, T., Chen, D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1244; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 119; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Letters, 89, p. 062512; Ghidini, M., Asti, G., Pellicelli, R., Pernechele, C., Solzi, M., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 316, p. 159; Suess, D., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, p. 183; Goll, D., MacKe, S., Bertram, H.N., (2007) Appl. Phys. Letters, 90, p. 172506; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., (2007) Appl. Phys. Letters, 91, p. 182502; Wang, J.P., Shen, W., Hong, S.Y., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 682; Bertram, H.N., Lengsfield, B., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2145; Goll, D., Breitling, A., MacKe, S., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3472; Goll, D., Kronmüller, H., (2008) Physica B, 403, p. 1854; Misuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C504; Goll, D., Breitling, A., (2009) Appl. Phys. Letters, 94, p. 052502; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Letters, 89, p. 113105; Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Dean, J., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Letters, 91, p. 222502; Choi, Y., Jiang, J.S., Ding, Y., Rosenberg, R.A., Pearson, J.E., Bader, S.D., Zambano, A., Liu, J.P., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 104432; Goll, D., Breitling, A., Gu, L., Aken Van, P.A., Sigle, W., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 083903; Skomski, R., George, T.A., Sellmyer, D.J., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F531; Lomakin, V., Livshitz, B., Li, S., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Letters, 92, p. 022502; Goll, D., MacKe, S., (2008) Appl. Phys. Letters, 93, p. 152512; Lomakin, V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3454; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 1692; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Zhukov, A.A., Goncharov, A.V., De Groot, P.A.J., Bartlett, P.N., Ghanem, M.A., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 7322; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Ulbrich, T.C., Boneberg, J., Leiderer, P., Schatz, G., (2005) Nature Materials, 4, p. 203; Aranda, P., Garcia, J.M., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 249, p. 214; Sreenivasan, S.V., (2008) MRS Bulletin, 33, p. 854; Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bulletin, 33, p. 838; Khizroev, S., Ikkawi, R., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Renugopalakrishnan, R., Haddon, R., Litvinov, D., (2008) MRS Bulletin, 33, p. 864; Landolt-Börnstein, (1995) Numeric Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, 5. , New Series, Group IV, edited by O. Madelung (Springer, Berlin; Cebollada, A., Weller, D., Sticht, J., Harp, G.R., Farrow, R.F.C., Marks, R.F., Savoy, R., Scott, J.C., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 3419; Shima, T., Takanashi, K., Takahashi, Y.K., Hono, K., (2002) Appl. Phys. Letters, 81, p. 1050; Weisheit, M., Schultz, L., Fähler, S., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7489; Casoli, F., Albertini, F., Fabbrici, S., Bocchi, C., Nasi, L., Cirpian, R., Pareti, L., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3877; Hai, N.H., Dempsey, N.M., Veron, M., Verdier, M., Givord, D., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 257, pp. L139; Breitling, A., Goll, D., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 1449; Ludwig, A., Zotov, N., Savan, A., Groudeva-Zozova, S., (2006) Appl. Surf. Sci., 252, p. 2518; Goll, D., Breitling, A., Goo, N.H., Sigle, W., Hirscher, M., Schütz, G., (2006) Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 13 (SUPPL. 1), p. 97; Kaiser, T., Sigle, W., Goll, D., Goo, N.H., Srot, V., Aken Van, P.A., Detemple, E., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, p. 063913; A. Breitling, D. Goll: submitted; Goll, D., Seeger, M., Kronmüller, H., (1998) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 185, p. 49; Goll, D., Kronmüller, H., (2000) Naturwissenschaften, 87, p. 423; Kronmüller, H., Goll, D., (2002) Scripta Mater., 47, p. 551; Kronmüller, H., Goll, D., (2008) Physica B, 403, p. 237; Goll, D., MacKe, S., Kronmüller, H., (2008) Physica B, 403, p. 338; Kondorski, E., (1937) Phys. Z. Sowjetunion, 11, p. 597; D. Suess, J. Lee, J. Fidler, T. Schrefl: arXiv:0805.1674v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]; Suess, D., Eder, S., Lee, J., Dittrich, R., Fidler, J., Harrell, J.W., Schrefl, T., Berger, A., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 174430; Henkelman, G., Jonsson, H., (2000) J. Chem. Phys., 113, p. 9978},
correspondence_address1={Goll, D.; Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany; email: goll@mf.mpg.de},
issn={18625282},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. J. Mater. Res.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ono20091,
author={Ono, H.},
title={Novel control and peripheral technologies proposed for future hard disk drives},
journal={ICCAS-SICE 2009 - ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference 2009, Proceedings},
year={2009},
pages={1-6},
art_number={5335119},
note={cited By 0; Conference of ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference 2009, ICCAS-SICE 2009 ; Conference Date: 18 August 2009 Through 21 August 2009;  Conference Code:79853},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951117175&partnerID=40&md5=a698224d00f79a42bb1d09a7cd1fe7ee},
affiliation={ECS Development, Atom Giken Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan},
abstract={New technologies of Discrete Track Recording (DTR), Bit Patterned Media (BPM) and Thermally Assisted Magnetic Recording (TAMR) have been proposed for next generation hard disk drives. To realize these technologies, there are other big challenges required for head positioning in order to follow eccentricity of recording tracks to the center of spindle motor, for read write clock synthesis synchronous to the eccentricity and platter warpage, and for high frequency signal transfer in GHz band. This paper proposes novel solutions of an actuator control method with a voltage driver and an over sampled local feedback, an eccentricity analysis algorithm for discrete tracks without referring to embedded servo patterns, a phase locked loop clock synthesizer with a variable loop counter, and a super wide band flexible cable with new materials. The performances are evaluated and demonstrated on a head-media test system and this paper reports the result and proposes the applications for future hard disk drive products. © 2009 SICE.},
author_keywords={Actuator control;  BPM;  Dahl friction;  Disturbance rejection;  DTR;  Eccentricity;  Hard disk drive;  Liquid crystal polymer;  Nano scale servo;  Phase locked loop;  TAMR;  Voltage driver},
keywords={Actuator control;  Dahl friction;  DTR;  Friction disturbance;  Hard Disk Drive;  Nano scale;  Voltage driver, Actuator disks;  Disturbance rejection;  Drives;  Friction;  Liquid crystals;  Magnetic recording;  Metal cladding;  Phase locked loops;  Reception quality;  Servomotors;  Synchronous motors, Hard disk storage},
references={Servo/ Servo Mechanics, , http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/research/storage/as/servo%20mechanics.html, Web site; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions, 40 (4 PART 2), pp. 2510-2515. , July; (2007) Toshiba Leads Industry in Bringing Discrete Track Recording Technology to Prototype of 120GB Hard Disk Drive, , http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2007_09/pr0601.htm, web site, 06 September; Takai, M., Okawa, S., Suwa, T., Nakada, K., Moriya, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media (2004) Journal of Magnetics Society of Japan, 28 (3), pp. 249-253. , Mar; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Recording on Bit-Patterned Media at Densities of 1 Tb/in2 and Beyond (2006) Magnetics, IEEE Transactions, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Alex, M., Valet, T., McDaniel, T., Brucker, C., Optically-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2001) Journal of Magnetics Society of Japan, 25 (3), pp. 328-333. , 2 Mar; Dahl, P.R., A Solid Friction Model (1968) The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA., Tech. Rep. No.TOR-158(3107-18); Ono, H., Mochizuki, J., Hisano, T., Novel hard disk actuator control method to solve micro jog problem SICE Annual Conference, 2008, , 2B18-2; Ono, H., Start-up circuit for large FPGA using flash memory and CPLD (2008) Design Wave, , http://www.kumikomi.net/archives/2009/04/12circ4.php, Oct. CQ Publishing Co, Ltd. Japan; Ono, H., Noda, K., Architecture of New Servo Writer ESPER Proceedings of the 1989 IEICE, Japan; Ono, H., Architecture and performance of the ESPER-2 hard-disk drive servo writer (1993) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 37 (1), p. 3; YFLEX™ Data, , http://www.yamaichi.co.jp/products/pwb/yflexdata/yflexdata_e.shtml, Web site; Ono, H., (1992) Mathematica DSP and Control, , Toppan},
correspondence_address1={Ono, H.; ECS Development, , Kanagawa, Japan; email: hiro-ono1@jcom.home.ne.jp},
address={Fukuoka},
isbn={9784907764333},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ICCAS-SICE - ICROS-SICE Int. Jt. Conf., Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hauet2009,
author={Hauet, T. and Dobisz, E. and Florez, S. and Park, J. and Lengsfield, B. and Terris, B.D. and Hellwig, O.},
title={Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2009},
volume={95},
number={26},
doi={10.1063/1.3276911},
art_number={262504},
note={cited By 58},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73649085836&doi=10.1063%2f1.3276911&partnerID=40&md5=3da985f119f526abbb3a8cdc24fd5aaf},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Model exchange coupled composite media, namely [Co/Pd]5/Pd(t)/ [Co/Ni]3/Co multilayers, deposited onto prepatterned substrates have been investigated for potential use in bit patterned recording. Optimizing the thickness of the Pd interlayer allows decreasing the switching field (H C) and switching field distribution (σSFD) while maintaining thermal stability. The dependence of the remanent coercivity on the external field angle indicates that the gain in HC and σSFD originates from the incoherent magnetization reversal introduced by slightly decoupling the hard and soft multilayer stacks. This tendency is confirmed by further reductions in HC and σSFD, when inserting another Pd interlayer within the hard [Co/Pd]5 stack. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  External fields;  Incoherency;  Model exchange;  Multilayer stacks;  Remanent coercivity;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution;  Thermal stability, Multilayers;  Palladium;  Rotating machinery;  Shock absorbers;  Switching, Magnetization reversal},
references={Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Applied Physics Letters, 90 (16), p. 162516. , DOI 10.1063/1.2730744; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Physical Review Letters, 96 (25), p. 257204. , http://oai.aps.org/oai?verb=GetRecord&Identifier=oai:aps.org: PhysRevLett.96.257204&metadataPrefix=oai_apsmeta_2, DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.257204; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 87 (1), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1951053, 012504; Suess, D., Lee, J., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., (2009) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, p. 545. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.06.041; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., Composite media (dynamic tilted media) for magnetic recording (2005) Applied Physics Letters, 86 (14), pp. 1-3. , DOI 10.1063/1.1896431, 142504; Berger, A., Supper, N., Ikeda, Y., Lengsfield, B., Moser, A., Fullerton, E.E., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 122502. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.2985903; Thomson, T., Lengsfield, B., Do, H., Terris, B.D., Magnetic anisotropy and reversal mechanisms in dual layer exchanged coupled perpendicular media (2008) Journal of Applied Physics, 103 (7), pp. 07F548. , DOI 10.1063/1.2839310; Sbiaa, R., Oo Aung, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Tan, E.-L., Law, R., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 073904. , 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.3093699; Hellwig, O., Hauet, T., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D., Yaney, D., Terris, B.D., Fullerton, E.E., (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, p. 232505. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.3271679; Bertram, H.N., Lengsfield, B., Energy barriers in composite media grains (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6), pp. 2145-2147. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.892852; note; Richter, H.J., Girt, Er., Zhou, H., Simplified analysis of two-layer antiferromagnetically coupled media (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (14), p. 2529. , DOI 10.1063/1.1467977; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 240, p. 599. , 0962-8428. 10.1098/rsta.1948.0007; Kondorsky, E., (1940) J. Phys. (Moscow), 2, p. 161. , 0368-3400},
correspondence_address1={Hauet, T.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: thomas.hauet@lpm.u-nancy.fr},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Han20095352,
author={Han, Y. and De Callafon, R.A.},
title={Evaluating track-following servo performance of high-density hard disk drives using patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={12},
pages={5352-5359},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2025035},
art_number={5326427},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450267502&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2025035&partnerID=40&md5=0b07d351e7b6efce81ce860001837653},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={In recent years, track densities of magnetic hard disks have continued to grow. A promising approach to continuing the trend to ultrahigh density is using bit-patterned media (BPM). However, the implementation of BPM in hard disk drives (HDDs) to achieve high recording density is challenging and requires various new techniques, such as new servo pattern designs and position error signal (PES) decoding schemes. In applying BPM in HDDs, it is important to select a servo pattern providing sufficient PES quality for head positioning. In this paper, we discuss evaluation of PES quality and servo pattern performance from a closed-loop (servo) point of view in order to evaluate the quality of several servo patterns. We consider three servo patterns (the amplitude pattern, chevron pattern, and differential frequency pattern) as case studies. We developed a PES simulation tool to provide a realistic HDD track-following simulation. Because of PES nonlinearity in the amplitude servo pattern, we considered time-based servo patterns as alternatives. For time-based servo patterns, we found that readback signal sampling and transition jitter greatly affect PES quality. Therefore, we conclude that the differential frequency servo pattern is superior to other patterns, since it is less sensitive to transition jitter and readback signal sampling. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Hard disk drive;  Position error signal;  Servo patterns},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Closed-loop;  Decoding scheme;  Differential frequency;  Hard Disk Drive;  Hard disk drives;  High-density;  Magnetic hard disks;  Non-Linearity;  Patterned medias;  Position error signals;  Recording density;  Servo pattern;  Servo performance;  Signal sampling;  Simulation tool;  Track density;  Transition jitters;  Ultrahigh density, Drives;  Jitter;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Potential energy;  Potential energy surfaces;  Quality control, Hard disk storage},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by a grant from the EHDR Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC).},
references={Mamun, A., Guo, G., Bi, C., (2007) Hard Disk Drive: Mechatronics and Control, , Boca Raton FL: CRC; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S., Patterned media towards nano-bit magnetic recording: Fabrication and challenges (2007) Recent Patents Nanotechnol, 1, pp. 29-40; Barany, A., Bertram, H., Transition position and amplitude fluctuation noise model for longitudinal thin film media (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23 (5), pp. 2374-2376. , Sep; Tsang, Y.T.C., Disk-noise induced peak jitters in high density recording (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29 (6), pp. 3975-3977. , Nov; Sacks, A., Messner, W., MR head effects on PES generation: Simulation and experiment (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (3), pp. 1773-1778. , May; Akagi, K., Yasuna, K., Shishida, K., Optimizing servo-signal design for a hard-disk drives (2005) Microsyst. Technol., 11, pp. 784-789; Zhu Jian-Gang, Lin Xiangdong, Guan Lijie, Messner William, Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 23-29; Moneck, M., Zhu, J., Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H., Zhang, S., Che, X., Takahashi, N., Lithographically patterned servo position error signal patterns in perpendicular disks (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C511-07C5113; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R.V.D., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Extensions of perpendicular recording (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2885-2888; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , Sep; Hughes, E., Messner, W., New servo pattern for hard disk storage using pattern media (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 7002-7004; Lin, X., Zhu, J., Messner, W., Investigation of advanced position error signal patterns in patterned media (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5117-5119; Hughes, E., Messner, W., Characterization of three servo patterns for position error signal generation in hard drives (2003) Proc. American Control Conf., pp. 4317-4321. , Denver, CO; Messner, W., Zhu, J., Lin, X., (2004) Frequency Modulation Pattern for Disk Drive Assemblies, , U. S. Patent 6,754,016B2; Bane Vasic, B., Kurtas, E., (2005) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, , Boca Raton, FL: CRC; Japan HDD Benchmark Problem, , http://mizugaki.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/nss/, [Online]. Available},
correspondence_address1={Han, Y.; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: y3han@ucsd.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa20093963,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Patterned media with composite in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy recording layers},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2009},
volume={321},
number={23},
pages={3963-3966},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.07.076},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70249093975&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2009.07.076&partnerID=40&md5=0c993cf505f5284562f1b8a6f87ddcd1},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 608, Singapore},
abstract={Magnetization reversal mechanism in nanostructures composed of exchange coupled bi-layers with in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy was investigated. Micromagnetic simulation was carried out for bit-patterned media with areal density of 5 Tb/in2, as example. Magnetization of thermally stable recorded bit using a single layer may not switch under write field. However, a complete and fast switching is possible with an exchange coupling to a layer with in-plane anisotropy. By adjusting the thicknesses and intrinsic properties of the two layers, the composite recording layer still can retain perpendicular anisotropy. The exchange coupled structure with dual-anisotropy can be extended to magnetic memories. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupling;  magnetic nanostructures;  magnetization reversal},
keywords={Areal densities;  Bilayer;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Fast switching;  In-plane;  In-plane anisotropy;  Intrinsic property;  Magnetic memories;  magnetic nanostructures;  Magnetization reversal mechanisms;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Recording layers;  Single layer;  Thermally stable;  Two layers;  Write field, Anisotropy;  Exchange coupling;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic storage;  Magnets;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanostructures;  Soft magnetic materials, Magnetization reversal},
references={Victora, R., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.-M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417; Belmeguenai, M., Devolder, T., Chappert, C., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 083903; Back, C.H., Allenspach, R., Weber, W., Parkin, S.S.P., Weller, D., Garwin, E.L., Siegmann, H.C., (1999) Science, 285, p. 864; Gerrits, Th., van den Berg, H.A.M., Hohlfeld, J., Bar, L., Rasing, Th., (2002) Nature, 418, p. 509; Lyberatos, A., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6199; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Inaba, Y., Shimatsu, T., Oikawa, T., Sato, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2486; Mukai, R., Usumaki, T., Tanaka, A., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N119; McDaniel, T.W., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, pp. R315; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1719; Gao, K., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675; Richter, H.J., Dubin, A.Y., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 41; Piramanayagam, S.N., Srinivasan, K., Sbiaa, R., Dong, Y., Victora, R., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104, p. 103905; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2142; Lomakin, V., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2154; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2507; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012510},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 608, Singapore; email: Rachid_SBIAA@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Muraoka200947,
author={Muraoka, H. and Nakamura, Y.},
title={Microstructure of bit patterned media and recording characteristics in perpendicular magnetic recording},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2009},
volume={16},
number={45},
pages={47-56},
doi={10.1149/1.3140009},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices 10 - 214th ECS Meeting ; Conference Date: 12 October 2008 Through 17 October 2008;  Conference Code:78260},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449630302&doi=10.1149%2f1.3140009&partnerID=40&md5=65a0c1b7c8a3ff610b22dc3d88bf0337},
affiliation={Res. Inst. Elect. Comm., Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={The recording physics of bit patterned media is studied for areal densities of around 2 Tbits/inch2, focused on number of grains per bit. Write error rate and signal to noise ratio in a function of number of grains are derived as analytical functions based on the statistics theory on the binomial distribution. Modeling of writing process based on the head field gradient and switching field distribution and interference fields, is presented to extract the write-head and media parameters which are necessary to attain a high areal density recording. ©The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Analytical functions;  Areal densities;  Binomial distribution;  Bit-patterned media;  Error rate;  Head fields;  High areal density;  Interference field;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Recording characteristics;  Recording physics;  Statistics theory;  Switching field distribution;  Writing process, Distribution functions;  Error statistics;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal to noise ratio, Magnetic recording},
references={Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Kronbi, M.T., Hetzler, S.R., (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 69 (8), pp. 4724-4726; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys, 76 (10), pp. 6673-6675; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Hughs, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 521-527; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rottner, C.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 80, pp. 3409-3411; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; M. E. Schabes, Digests of PMRC 2007, 17pB-01, 316-317 (2007)},
correspondence_address1={Muraoka, H.; Res. Inst. Elect. Comm., , Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
sponsors={Electrodeposition},
address={Honolulu, HI},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781615673162},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gupta2009944,
author={Gupta, A. and Keskinoz, M.},
title={Comparison of channel models for patterned media storage [Örüntülü ortam bilgi-saklama sistemleri i̇çin kanal modellerinin karşilaştirilmasi]},
journal={2009 IEEE 17th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2009},
year={2009},
pages={944-947},
doi={10.1109/SIU.2009.5136553},
art_number={5136553},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2009 IEEE 17th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2009 ; Conference Date: 9 April 2009 Through 11 April 2009;  Conference Code:77539},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350346272&doi=10.1109%2fSIU.2009.5136553&partnerID=40&md5=6e718537443596660daabf1d6b6db186},
affiliation={Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey},
abstract={Patterned Media Storage (PMS) is one of the promising technologies to overcome the limitations of the conventional magnetic recording. While advanced signal processing and coding algorithms helps to improve the bit error rate performance of Patterned Media Storage (PMS) channel, they have to be designed by considering the underlying channel model. In literature, there are two popular channel models for PMS: Approximate Model and Analytical Model. In this paper, we first shortly explain these models and then compare their responses by calculating their normalized mean-square error (NMSE) between two models. Through the numerical experiments, we find that NMSE can be substantially high up to 99%. Therefore, we conclude that Approximate Model should not be used to develop signal processing algorithms for PMS. ©2009 IEEE.},
keywords={Advanced signal processing;  Analytical model;  Approximate model;  Bit error rate performance;  Channel model;  Coding algorithms;  Numerical experiments;  Patterned medias;  Signal processing algorithms, Design;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Oceanographic equipment;  Signal processing, Bit error rate},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Notkas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; H. J. Richter, A. Y. Dobin, O. Heinomen, K. Z. Gao, R. J. M. ven de Veerdonk, R. T. Lynch, J. Xue, D. Weller, P. Asselin, M. F. Erden, and R. M. Brockie, Recording on bit-patterned at densities 1 Tb/in2 and beyond, IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, no. 10, pp. 2255-2260, Oct. 2006; Karakulak, S., Seigel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Neal Bertram, H., A new read channel media for patterned storage media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273. , May; Shute, H.A., Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.M., Jermey, P.M., Mallinson, J.C., Analytical three-dimensional response function of a double-shielded magnetoresistive or giant magnetoresistive perpendicular head (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (5), pp. 1611-1619. , May},
correspondence_address1={Gupta, A.; Department of Electronics and Computer Science, , Roorkee, India; email: gr8aguec@iitr.ernet.in},
address={Antalya},
isbn={9781424444366},
language={Turkish},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Signal Process. Commun. Appl. Conf., SIU},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Li2009709,
author={Li, H. and Zheng, H. and Yoon, Y. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media},
journal={2008 Proceedings of the STLE/ASME International Joint Tribology Conference, IJTC 2008},
year={2009},
pages={709-711},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2008 STLE/ASME International Joint Tribology Conference, IJTC 2008 ; Conference Date: 20 October 2008 Through 22 October 2008;  Conference Code:76970},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349869511&partnerID=40&md5=58a8b0c747e7169913b63799825a75ed},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={Patterned media is being considered as a means for achieving a storage density beyond 1Tb/in2 on hard disks by reducing cross talk and overcoming thermal stability problems. In this investigation, the flying characteristics of a femto-type slider over bit patterned media (BPM) is investigated. The discrete bits of the disk are modeled as cylindrical protrusions on the disk surface. The steady-state flying characteristics over RPM at ultra-low head disk spacing is simulated. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.},
keywords={Air bearing;  Bit-patterned media;  Disk surfaces;  Hard disks;  Low head;  Patterned medias;  Storage densities;  Thermal stability, Disks (structural components);  Tribology, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete Track Magnetic Disk Using Embossed Substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E76-A, pp. 1161-1163; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of Discrete Track Perpendicular Media for High Track Density Recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (4), pp. 1967-2197-1; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a Manufacturable Discrete Track Recording Medium (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (2), pp. 670-675; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance Evaluation of Discrete Track Perpendicular Media for High Recording Density (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3220-3222; Kawazoe, K., Yotsuya, M., Shimamura, T., Okada, K., Dynamics of Flying Head Slider for Grooved Discrete Track Disk (1995), pp. 97-106. , Adv. Infor. Stor. Syst, 6, pp; Mitsuya, Y., A Simulation Method for Hydrogynamic Lubrication of Surfaces With Two-Dimensional Isotropic or Anisotropic Roughness Using Mixed Average Film Thickness (1984) Bull. JSME, 27, pp. 2036-2044; Mitsuya, Y., Ohkubo, T., Ota, H., Averaged Reynolds Equation Extended to Gas Lubrication Processing Surface Roughness in the Slip Flow Regime (1989) ASME J. Tribol, 111, pp. 495-503; Mitsuya, Y., Hayashi, T., Transient Response of Head Slider When Flying over Textured Magnetic Disk Media (1941) Proc. Japan Int. Tribol. Conf, p. 3. , Maruzen. Tokyo, 1990; Ohkubo, T., Mitsuya, Y., An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Moving Two-Dimensional Roughness On Thin Film Gas-Lubrication for Flying Head Slider (1990) Proc. Japan Int. Tribol. Conf, 3, pp. 1329-1332. , Maruzen, Tokyo; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D.B., Air Film Dynamics for Micro-Textured Flying Head Slider Bearings in Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol, 124, pp. 568-574; Murthy, A.N., Etsion, I., Talke, F.E., Analysis of Surface Textured Air Bearing Sliders with Rarefaction Effects (2007) Tribol. Lett, 28, pp. 251-261; Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Shimizu, Y., Performance of Sliders Flying Over Discrete-Track Media (2007) ASME J Tribol, 129, pp. 712-719; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air Bearing Simulation of Discrete Track Recording Media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst Tech, 13, pp. 1023-1030; Peng, J.P., Wang, G., Thrivani, S., Chue, J., Nojaba, M., Thayamballi, P., Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Discrete Track Recording Technology (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2462-2464; Wahl, M., Lee, P., Talke, F.E., An Efficient Finite Element-Based Air Bearing Simulator for Pivoted Slider Bearings using Bi-Conjugate Gradient Algorithms (1996) Tribology Transactions, 39 (L), pp. 130-138},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
sponsors={Soc.of Tribologists and Lubrication Eng.STLE; Tribology Div.of the American Soc.Mech.Eng.ASME},
address={Miami, FL},
isbn={9780791843369},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. STLE/ASME Int. Jt. Tribol. Conf., IJTC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kato2009,
author={Kato, T. and Iwata, S. and Yamauchi, Y. and Tsunashima, S.},
title={Modification of magnetic properties and structure of Kr+ ion-irradiated CrPt3 films for planar bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={106},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.3212967},
art_number={053908},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349323522&doi=10.1063%2f1.3212967&partnerID=40&md5=e209fd6116888103971d11e895a9e541},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={30 keV Kr+ ions were irradiated onto L 12 ordered CrPt 3 (20 nm) alloy films fabricated by a magnetron sputtering deposition followed by an appropriate heat treatment, and the modification of the structure and magnetic properties of the CrPt3 films was investigated in detail. The fabricated L 12 CrPt3 (20 nm) onto a fused quartz substrate exhibited a quite large perpendicular anisotropy of 5× 106 ergs/cc, due to the large lattice distortion of 1%. The large perpendicular anisotropy decreased with increasing the ion dose, and became almost zero at the ion dose of 2× 1014 ions/ cm2 due to the loss of the magnetic order of CrPt3. The suppression of the magnetic order of CrPt3 by the Kr+ ion irradiation is attributed to the transformation of the structure from the L 12 phase to a disordered fcc phase, which was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. Unlike the magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy, the anisotropy field of CrPt3 does not decrease significantly with the increase in the Kr+ ion dose, and exhibited more than 20 kOe even at the ion dose of 1× 1014 ions/ cm2. This is considered to be attributed that the lattice distortion of CrPt3 unchanged even at the Kr+ ion dose of 2× 1014 ions/ cm2. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Alloy film;  Anisotropy field;  Bit-patterned media;  FCC phase;  Fused quartz;  Ion dose;  Ion irradiation;  Lattice distortions;  Magnetic orders;  Magnetron-sputtering deposition;  Perpendicular anisotropy, Anisotropy;  Chemical modification;  Krypton;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic properties;  Oxide minerals;  Quartz;  X ray diffraction analysis, Ions},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280 (5371), pp. 1919-1922. , DOI 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403. , 0003-6951. 10.1063/1.124389; Ferŕ, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, p. 191. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)01084-1; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferŕ, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3843. , 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3595. , 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2972. , 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.880076; Blon, T., Ben Assayag, G., Ousset, J.-C., Pecassou, B., Claverie, A., Snoeck, E., Magnetic easy-axis switching in Co/Pt and Co/Au superlattices induced by nitrogen ion beam irradiation (2007) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 257 (1-2 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 374-378. , DOI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.264, PII S0168583X07000523; Urbaniak, M., Stobiecki, F., Engel, D., Szymanski, B., Ehresmann, A., (2009) Acta Phys. Pol. A, 115, p. 326. , 0587-4246; Kato, T., Iwata, S., Yamauchi, Y., Tsunashima, S., Matsumoto, K., Morikawa, T., Ozaki, K., (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C117. , 0021-8979. 10.1063/1.3072024; Hellwig, O., Weller, D., Kellock, A.J., Baglin, J.E.E., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic patterning of chemicall-ordered CrPt3 films (2001) Applied Physics Letters, 79 (8), pp. 1151-1153. , DOI 10.1063/1.1394722; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., (2004) J. Phys. D, 37, p. 179. , 0022-3727. 10.1088/0022-3727/37/16/R01; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 778. , 0304-8853. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.382; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe55-xNixPt45L10 flims (2002) Journal of Applied Physics, 91 (10), p. 6595. , DOI 10.1063/1.1470254; Callen, H.B., Callen, E., (1966) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27, p. 1271. , 0022-3697. 10.1016/0022-3697(66)90012-6; Skomski, R., Kashyap, A., Sellmyer, D.J., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2917. , 0018-9464. 10.1109/TMAG.2003.815746; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 5, p. 125. , 1346-7948},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Fukuda2009,
author={Fukuda, M. and Chiba, T. and Ishikawa, M. and Itoh, K. and Kurihara, M. and Hoga, M.},
title={Si-mold fabrication for patterned media using high-resolution chemically amplified resist},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7379},
doi={10.1117/12.824262},
art_number={73790L},
note={cited By 3; Conference of Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology XVI ; Conference Date: 8 April 2009 Through 10 April 2009;  Conference Code:76874},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-69949143787&doi=10.1117%2f12.824262&partnerID=40&md5=d1a314daf3a63ba85a0e7f16d998bd33},
affiliation={Research and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., 250-1 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, 277-0871, Japan; Electronic Device Laboratory, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Fukuoka, Fujimino-shi, Saitama-ken, 356-8507, Japan},
abstract={Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is one promising candidate for fabricating a patterned media to be used in the next generation of hard disk drives. It is expected that the pitch, characterizing the feature size of the media will become as low as 40-50 nm for Discrete-Track Media (DTM) by 2010 and 25 nm for Bit-Patterned Media (BPM) by 2012. Electron beam lithography is usually employed for fabricating the nanoimprint mold used for nanoimprint lithography. ZEP520A, the high-resolution resist that is commonly used for this fabrication has a low throughput; caused by the low sensitivity when used at the high acceleration voltage of 100 kV. To solve this problem, we evaluated a new high-resolution, chemically amplified resist (CAR) developed by TOKYO OHKA KOGYO Co., LTD., that was specifically developed for high resolution, instead of high sensitivity, with over twice the sensitivity of ZEP520A and a resolution of 50 nm pitch or less. A spot-electron beam (EB) writer with an acceleration voltage of 100 kV (100 kV-SB) was employed and the new CAR and ZEP520A were compared for resolution and sensitivity. Results indicated that the new CAR patterns were resolved down to a 48 nm pitch, but were collapsed even at a64 nm pitch. To prevent the collapse, we attempted to optimize the baking conditions and examined the primers as promoters of the adhesion between the resist patterns and the substrate surface. As a result, a resist pattern as low as a 48 nm pitch was obtained. We report on the performance of the new CAR and the fabrication of the Si mold by using the new CAR. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={100 kV-EB writer;  Chemically amplified resists;  Mold;  Nanoimprint;  Primer},
keywords={100 kV-EB writer;  A-spots;  Acceleration voltages;  Bit-patterned media;  Chemically Amplified Resist;  Chemically amplified resists;  Feature sizes;  Hard Disk Drive;  High acceleration;  High resolution;  High sensitivity;  Low sensitivity;  Mold fabrication;  Nanoimprint;  Nanoimprint molds;  New high;  Patterned medias;  Primer;  Resist pattern;  Substrate surface;  ZEP520A, Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Fabrication;  Hard disk storage;  Molds;  Photoresistors;  Photoresists, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Namatsu, H., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, p. 2655; Kurihara, M., J.J. Appl. Phy., , to be published},
correspondence_address1={Fukuda, M.; Research and Development Center, 250-1 Wakashiba, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, 277-0871, Japan},
sponsors={PMJ Photomask Japan; BACUS; The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)},
address={Yokohama},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819476562},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kataoka2009,
author={Kataoka, H. and Hirayama, Y. and Albrecht, T.R. and Kobayashi, M.},
title={Nano-pattern design and technology for patterned media magnetic recording},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7379},
doi={10.1117/12.824261},
art_number={73790K},
note={cited By 4; Conference of Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology XVI ; Conference Date: 8 April 2009 Through 10 April 2009;  Conference Code:76874},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-69949114798&doi=10.1117%2f12.824261&partnerID=40&md5=9b2ec25ff7910714d8d8be01816936ff},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Japan, Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 256-8510, Japan; Odawara Branch office, Storage Technology Center, Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 256-8510, Japan; Hitachi, Global Storage Technologies Inc., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={About the patterned media magnetic recording technology, which is anticipated one of the new generation technologies to replace conventional perpendicular magnetic recording beyond 1Tb/in2, the technology back ground, two major options, performance expectations were discussed. Then the requirements for the template (mold) for the nano-imprint lithography, which is irreplaceable technology for pattern media, were discussed. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned recording;  Discrete track recording;  HDD;  Magnetic recording;  Patterned media},
keywords={Discrete track recording;  HDD;  Nano pattern;  New generation technology;  Patterned media;  Patterned medias;  Performance expectations;  Perpendicular magnetic recording, Hard disk storage;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Technology, Magnetic recording},
references={Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z., Wu, T., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drive (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96, pp. 1836-1846; Hosoe, Y., Tamai, I., Tanahashi, K., Takahashi, Y., Yamamoto, T., Kanbe, T., Yajima, Y., Experimental study of thermal decay in high-density magnetic recording media (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 3023-3030; ITRS 2008 Update Overview, , http://www.itrs.net/Links/2008ITRS/Update/2008_Update.pdf; Storage Research Consortium (SRC)(Japanese), , http://www.srcjp.gr.jp/news/Press.pdf; White, R., New, R., Pearse, R., Patterned media: A viable route to 50Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trns. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Aoyama, T., Fabrication method and feasibility of patterned media (translated from Japanease) (2002) IDEMA JAPAN NEWS, (48), pp. 22-24; Kryder, M., Gage, E., Terry, W., McDaniel, W., Challener, W., Rottmayer, R., Ju, G., Erden, M., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96; Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 473-480; Fassbender, J., McCord, J., Magnetic patterning by means of ion irradiation and implantation (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 579-596; Yasumori, J., Sonobe, Y., Wago, K., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Magnetics and RW study on discrete track perpendicular magnetic recording medium by ion irradiation 31st annual Conference on MAGMETICS; Kaizu, A., Soeno, Y., Tagami, K., New solution for high recording densith with discrete track media (2007) IEICE Tech. Report, MR2007-21, pp. 13-14; Tagami, K., Outlook of next generation technologies in HDD (2009) IDEMA JAPAN QUARTARY SEMINOR, , Tokyo, Japan, Presentation No.5, 23 Jan; (2008), http://www.ceatec.com/2008/ja/exhibition/list/detail.html?exh_id=E080167, TDK Corp. CEATEC on site presentation; Seigler, M., Challener, W., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Peng, C., Rausch, T., Heat assisted magnetic recording with a fully integrated recording head (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6620, pp. 66200P; Tang, Y., Zhu, J., Narrow track confinement by AC field generation layer in microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3376-3379; Yoneda, I., Mikami, S., Ota, T., Koshiba, T., Ito, M., Nakasugi, T., Higashiki, T., Study of nanoimprint applications toward 22nm node CMOS devices (2008) Proc. of SPIE, 6921 (2), pp. 6921041-6921048; Nakasugi, T., Nanoimprint applications on CMOS devices (2008) Digest of International Conference of Nanoimprint and Nanoimpriont technology, , Oct. 13-15; Ichikawa, K., Usa, T., Nishimaki, K., Usuki, K., Design of Ni mold discrete track media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3450-3453; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Albrecht, T., De Pablo, J., Nealey, P., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Yoshida, H., http://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/2008/10/1010.html; Hitachi G.S.T. Travelstar 5K500.B, , http://www.hitachigst.com/tech/techlib.nsf/techdocs/ FFA370A7BF845F87862574FE0003054C/$file/TS5K500.B_DS_final.pdf; (2008) ITRS, , http://www.itrs.net/Links/2008ITRS/Update/2008_Update.pdf; Che, X., Moon, K., Tang, Y., Kim, N., Kim, S., Lee, H., Moneck, M., Takahashi, N., Study of lithographically defined data track and servo pattern (2007) IEEE Trns. Magn., 43, pp. 4106-4112; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular mdia (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3423-3429; Murakami, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Nakamura, N., Influence of dot shape no reproducing characteristics in perpendicular patterned media (2007) IEICE Tech. Report, MR2007-2},
correspondence_address1={Kataoka, H.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Japan, Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa-ken 256-8510, Japan},
sponsors={PMJ Photomask Japan; BACUS; The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)},
address={Yokohama},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819476562},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang20091844,
author={Yang, X.M. and Wan, L. and Xiao, S. and Xu, Y. and Weller, D.K.},
title={Directed block copolymer assembly versus electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond},
journal={ACS Nano},
year={2009},
volume={3},
number={7},
pages={1844-1858},
doi={10.1021/nn900073r},
note={cited By 98},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68649126112&doi=10.1021%2fnn900073r&partnerID=40&md5=8814a0a86f911b57702d12400ea96efd},
affiliation={Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; Seagate Media Research, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={The directed self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) offers a new route to perfect nanolithographic patterning at sub-50 nm length scale with molecular scale precision. We have explored the feasibility of using the BCP approach versus the conventional electron beam (e-beam) lithography to create highly dense dot patterns for bit-patterned media (BPM) applications. Cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) directly self-assembled on a chemically prepatterned substrate. The nearly perfect hexagonal arrays of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical pores at a density of approximately 1 Terabit per square inch (Tb/in.2) are achieved over an arbitrarily large area. Considerable gains in the BCP process are observed relative to the conventional e-beam lithography in terms of the dot size variation, the placement accuracy, the pattern uniformity, and the exposure latitude. The maximum dimensional latitude in the cylinder-forming BCP patterns and the maximum skew angle that the BCP can tolerate have been investigated for the first time. The dimensional latitude restricts the formation of more than one lattice configuration in certain ranges. More defects in BCP patterns are observed when using low molecular weight BCP materials or on non-hexagonal prepatterns due to the dimensional latitude restriction. Finally, the limitations and challenges in the BCP approach that are associated with BPM applications will be briefly discussed. ©2009 American Chemical Society.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Block copolymers;  Directed self-assembly;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording},
keywords={A-density;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Cylindrical Pores;  Directed self-assembly;  Dot patterns;  Dot size;  e-Beam lithography;  Exposure latitude;  Hexagonal arrays;  Highly dense;  Lattice configuration;  Length scale;  Low molecular weight;  Methyl methacrylates;  Molecular scale;  Placement accuracy;  Self-assembled;  Skew angles;  Sub-50 nm;  Terabit, Block copolymers;  Cylinders (shapes);  Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Esters;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photoresists;  Self assembly;  Styrene, Copolymerization},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) Magn. IEEE Trans., 33, pp. 990-995; Hughes, G., Patterned media (2001) Physics of Magnetic Recording, , Springer: Berlin; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, , http://www.itrs.net/Links/2007ITRS/Home2007.htm; Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Willson, C.G., Step & flash imprint lithography (2005) Mater. Today, 8, pp. 34-42; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 teradot/in.2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 25, pp. 2202-2209; Yang, X.M., Xu, Y., Seiler, C., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Toward 1 Tdot/in.2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 26, pp. 2604-2610; Rockford, L., Liu, Y., Mansky, P., Russell, T.P., Yoon, M., Mochrie, S.G.J., Polymers on nanoperiodic, heterogeneous surfaces (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, p. 2602; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1442-1446; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., Graphoepitaxy of spherical domain block copolymer films (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, pp. 1152-1155; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Fabrication of nanostructures with long-range order using block copolymer lithography (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 3657-3659; Park, S., Kim, B., Yavuzcetin, O., Tuominen, M.T., Russell, T.P., Ordering of PS-b-P4 VP on patterned silicon surfaces (2008) ACS Nano, 2, pp. 1363-1370; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Thomas, E.L., Templated self-assembly of block copolymers: Top-down helps bottom-up (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, pp. 2505-2521; Darling, S.B., Directing the self-assembly of block copolymers (2007) Prog. Polym. Sci., 32, pp. 1152-1204; Yang, X.M., Peters, R.D., Kim, T.K., Nealey, P.F., Patterning of self-assembled monolayers with lateral dimensions of 0.15μm using advanced lithography (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B, 17, pp. 3203-3207; Yang, X.M., Peters, R.D., Nealey, P.F., Solak, H.H., Cerrina, F., Guided self-assembly of symmetric diblock copolymer films on chemically nanopatterned substrates (2000) Macromolecules, 33, pp. 9575-9582; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321, pp. 936-939; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321, pp. 939-943; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W.D., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater., 20, pp. 3155-3158; Edwards, E.W., Muller, M., Stoykovich, M.P., Solak, H.H., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Dimensions and shapes of block copolymer domains assembled on lithographically defined chemically patterned substrates (2007) Macromolecules, 40, pp. 90-96; Burger, C., Ruland, W., Semenov, A.N., Polydispersity effects on the microphase-separation transition in block copolymers (1990) Macromolecules, 23, pp. 3339-3346; Scott, W.S., Glenn, H.F., Continuous polydispersity in a self-consistent field theory for diblock copolymers (2004) J. Chem. Phys., 121, pp. 4974-4986; Park, S.-M., Craig, G.S.W., La, Y.-H., Solak, H.H., Nealey, P.F., Square arrays of vertical cylinders of PS-b-PMMA on chemically nanopatterned surfaces (2007) Macromolecules, 40, pp. 5084-5094; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., Precise control over molecular dimensions of block-copolymer domains using the interfacial energy of chemically nanopatterned substrates (2004) Adv. Mater., 16, pp. 1315-1319; Wang, Q., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., Monte carlo simulations of asymmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between two homogeneous surfaces (2001) Macromolecules, 34, pp. 3458-3470; Leibler, L., Theory of microphase separation in block copolymers (1980) Macromolecules, 13, pp. 1602-1617; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block copolymer thermodynamics: Theory and experiment (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, pp. 525-557; Russell, T.P., Hjelm, R.P., Seeger, P.A., Temperature dependence of the interaction parameter of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (1990) Macromolecules, 23, pp. 890-893; Nose, T., Coexistence curves of polystyrene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) blends (1995) Polymer, 36, pp. 2243-2248; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T.P., A general approach to addressable 4 Tdot/in2 pattered media (2009) Adv. Mater., , Early View; Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., Block copolymers and conventional lithography (2006) Mater. Today, 9, pp. 20-29; Wang, Q., Nath, S.K., Graham, M.D., Nealey, P.F., De Pablo, J.J., Symmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between homogeneous and patterned surfaces: Simulations and theory (2000) Journal of Chemical Physics, 112 (22), pp. 9996-10010. , DOI 10.1063/1.481635; Tang, C., Lennon, E.M., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Hawker, C.J., Evolution of block copolymer lithography to highly ordered square arrays (2008) Science, 322, pp. 429-432},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X. M.; Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
issn={19360851},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ACS Nano},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Yuan2009,
author={Yuan, Z. and Liu, B. and Zhou, T. and Goh, C.K. and Ong, C.L. and Wang, L.},
title={Perspectives of magnetic recording system at 10 Tb/in2},
journal={Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, Digest of APMRC 2009},
year={2009},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2009.4925387},
art_number={4925387},
note={cited By 1; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2009 ; Conference Date: 14 January 2009 Through 16 January 2009;  Conference Code:76517},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67650493580&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2009.4925387&partnerID=40&md5=c1cd14122a6eccb12b2616a8fc5dbbdb},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Due to the superparamagnetism, the configuration of magnetic recording system has to be changed in order to enhance the writing capability or to reduce the number of grains per bit. The next target of magnetic recording research is to enable IIDD technologies at the areal density of 10 Th/in2. This work studies the feasibility and the requirement to implement the magnetic recording system at 10 Tb/in2. From the analysis of two possible approaches: the energy assisted magnetic recording (EAMR) on granular media and the bit patterned media (BPM) with EAMR, the simulation based virtual design of magnetic recording system at 10 Tb/in2 is proposed.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  Hard disk drive;  Magnetic recording system;  Superparamagnetism},
keywords={Areal densities;  Areal density;  Bit-patterned media;  Granular media;  Hard disk drive;  Magnetic recording system;  Magnetic recording systems;  Simulation-based;  Virtual design;  Work study;  Writing capability, Hard disk storage;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetism;  Recording instruments;  Superparamagnetism, Magnetic recording},
references={Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olson, T., Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38, pp. 1711-1718. , 4 I DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017761, PII S0018946402056832; Richter, H.J., Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, , doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161},
correspondence_address1={Yuan, Z.; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, 117608, Singapore; email: yuan_zhimin@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810821913},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., Dig. APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Li2009,
author={Li, H. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media},
journal={Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, Digest of APMRC 2009},
year={2009},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2009.4925425},
art_number={4925425},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference, APMRC 2009 ; Conference Date: 14 January 2009 Through 16 January 2009;  Conference Code:76517},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67650478315&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2009.4925425&partnerID=40&md5=b0865114091e63152fc796e91807ae14},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={This work presents a numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media using the generalized Reynolds equation and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method.},
author_keywords={And dying height.;  Bit patterned media;  Head disk interface},
keywords={And dying height.;  Bit patterned media;  Direct simulation Monte Carlo method;  Head disk interface;  Head/disk interfaces;  Numerical simulation, Computer simulation;  Disks (structural components);  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Monte Carlo methods, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, E76-A, pp. 1161-1163; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsystem Technologies, 13 (8-10), pp. 1023-1030. , DOI 10.1007/s00542-006-0314-9, ASME-ISPS/JSME-IIP Joint conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2006; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) Journal of Tribology, 129 (4), pp. 712-719. , DOI 10.1115/1.2768069; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Direct simulation monte carlo method for the simulation of rarefied gas flow in discrete track headjdisk interfaces (2007) ASME Journal of Tribology, , submitted for publication to},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA, 92093-0401, United States; email: hui@talkelab.ucsd.edu},
address={Singapore},
isbn={9789810821913},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., Dig. APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Winkler2009,
author={Winkler, G. and Suess, D. and Lee, J. and Fidler, J. and Bashir, M.A. and Dean, J. and Goncharov, A. and Hrkac, G. and Bance, S. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Microwave-assisted three-dimensional multilayer magnetic recording},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2009},
volume={94},
number={23},
doi={10.1063/1.3152293},
art_number={232501},
note={cited By 50},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649132942&doi=10.1063%2f1.3152293&partnerID=40&md5=1189d4bd953d8ab8f780c5ba0b374229},
affiliation={Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria; Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; St. Poelten University of Applied Sciences, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria},
abstract={Layer-selective writing of two layer bit patterned media is demonstrated by performing micromagnetic finite element simulations. Selectivity is achieved by controlling the frequency of an oscillating magnetic field in the gigahertz range, applied in addition to the head field. Generation of the microwave field by means of a wire next to the tip of a single pole head is proposed. The Oersted field from the alternating current induces magnetic oscillations in the pole tip which create a high frequency field that is superimposed to the perpendicular write field. The amplitude of the ac field component is in the order of 0.1 T. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={AC field;  Alternating current;  Bit-patterned media;  Finite element simulations;  Gigahertz range;  Head fields;  High frequency field;  Magnetic oscillations;  Micromagnetic;  Microwave field;  Microwave-assisted;  Oscillating magnetic fields;  Single-pole head;  Two layers;  Write field, Magnetic fields;  Microwaves;  Poles, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={EU FP6-MAFIN},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, FWF-P20306},
funding_text 1={The financial support from the European FP7-TERAMAGSTOR project, EU FP6-MAFIN project and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF-P20306) is acknowledged.},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/20.560142; Rottmayer, R., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 125. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2007.911031; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199. , 0022-3727,. 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Terris, B.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 103910. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.1904705; Khizroev, S., Hijazi, Y., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Litvinov, D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 063907. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.2338129; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nature Mater., 2, p. 524. , 1476-1122,. 10.1038/nmat946; Scholz, W., Batra, S., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F539. , 0021-8979,. 10.1063/1.2838332; Bertotti, G., Serpico, C., Mayergoyz, I.D., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 724. , 0031-9007,. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.724; Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Allwood, D., Suess, D., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3519. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002601; Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., Hrkac, G., Dean, J., Bance, S., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 222502. , 0003-6951,. 10.1063/1.2804609; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 250, p. 12. , 0304-8853,. 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00388-8; Schabes, M.E., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2880. , 0304-8853,. 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035},
correspondence_address1={Winkler, G.; Solid State Physics, , 1040 Vienna, Austria},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Brooks2009,
author={Brooks, C. and Schmid, G.M. and Miller, M. and Johnson, S. and Khusnatdinov, N. and Labrake, D. and Resniek, D.J. and Sreenivasan, S.V.},
title={Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2009},
volume={7271},
doi={10.1117/12.815016},
art_number={72711L},
note={cited By 16; Conference of Alternative Lithographic Technologies ; Conference Date: 24 February 2009 Through 26 February 2009;  Conference Code:76103},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67149091231&doi=10.1117%2f12.815016&partnerID=40&md5=d4a3b8063f9b465e465247cf4671d4ae},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc, 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={The ever-growing demand for hard drives with greater storage density has motivated a technology shift from continuous magnetic media to patterned media hard disks, which are expected to be implemented in future generations of hard disk drives to provide data storage at densities exceeding 1012 bits per square inch. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) technology has been employed to pattern the hard disk substrates. This paper discusses the infrastructure required to enable S-FIL in high-volume manufacturing; namely, fabrication of master templates, template replication, high-volume imprinting with precisely controlled residual layers, and dual-sided imprinting. Imprinting of disks is demonstrated with substrate throughput currently as high as 180 disks/hour (dual-sided). These processes are applied to patterning hard disk substrates with both discrete tracks and bit-patterned designs. © 2009 SPIE.},
author_keywords={Imprint;  Patterned media;  S-FIL;  Step and flash imprint lithography;  Template},
keywords={Imprint;  Patterned media;  S-FIL;  Step and flash imprint lithography;  Template, Disks (machine components);  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Substrates;  Technology, Hard disk storage},
references={Poulsen, V., (1899), U.S. Patent No. 822, 222 8 July; Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, pp. 611-644; Chen, B.M., Lee, T.H., Peng, K., Venkataramanan, V., (2007) Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems, 2nd Ed., , Springer, NY; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1976-1978; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. of the IEEE, 85 (4), pp. 652-671; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, pp. 203-235; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D.P., Nordquist, K.J., Ainley, E.S., Gehoski, K.A., Baker, J.H., Grant Willson, C., (2002) J. Microlithogr. Microfabrication, Microsyst, 1, pp. 284-289; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Wu, Y., Xu, W., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weiler, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 25, pp. 2202-2209; Colburn, M., Johnson, S.C., Stewart, M.D., Damle, S., Bailey, T.C., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proc. SPIE - Emerg. Lith. Tech., 3676, pp. 379-389; Yoneda, I., Mikami, S., Ota, T., Koshiba, T., Ito, M., Nakasugi, T., Higashiki, T., (2008) Proc. SPIE - Emerg. Lith. Tech., 6921, pp. 14-21; Miller, M., Brooks, C., Lentz, D., Doyle, G., Resnick, D.J., Labrake, D., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6883; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83 (21), pp. 4363-4365; Preliminary experiments have demonstrated template lifetimes exceeding 104 imprints (unpublished data); Miller, M., Schmid, G.M., Doyle, G.F., Thompson, E.D., Resnick, D.J., (2007) Microelectronic Engineering, 84, pp. 885-890; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Lett., 4 (12), pp. 2467-2471},
correspondence_address1={Brooks, C.; Molecular Imprints, Inc, 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={9780819475244},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Miyazaki2009,
author={Miyazaki, T. and Hayashi, K. and Kobayashi, K. and Kuba, Y. and Morita, H. and Nita, H. and Ohyi, H.},
title={Continuous-stage-movement blankingless electron-beam lithography for patterned media template fabrication},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={48},
number={6 PART 2},
pages={06FB021-06FB026},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.48.06FB02},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70249148025&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.48.06FB02&partnerID=40&md5=45bc2e5086bdd03e3b4aa58bd89fafe8},
affiliation={Crestec Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0045, Japan},
abstract={A slider and spindle (r-θ) stage electron beam (e-beam) mastering system with continuous-stage-movement blankingless beam shift lithography (BLSL) and flyback e-beam lithography (CSFL) brings together the features of high resolution, high accuracy, and high throughput to meet the various requirements for fabricating master templates for discrete track media and bit patterned media (BPM) for the next generation of hard disk drives. With the CSFL capability, we achieve multiple-overlay bit writing with one, two, four, and eight overlays for a BPM bit array to markedly improve track-to-track phase alignment accuracy from 5.6 nm sigma in a single write to 1.04 nm sigma in an eight overlay write. CSFL, in conjunction with the high-frequency response of the e-beam deflector, achieves 25 MHz high-throughput BPM bit array write with track pitches and bit pitches of 120 nm in the entire write range from 20 to 140 mm in diameter. This write takes only 11.6 h under the conditions of a line velocity of 3,000 mm/s, a beam current of 150 nA, a maximum rotation speed of 2,865 rpm, and a constant line velocity (CLV) write mode. © 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
keywords={Beam currents;  Beam deflectors;  Beam shift;  Bit-patterned media;  Discrete track media;  e-Beam lithography;  Flyback;  Hard Disk Drive;  High frequency response;  High resolution;  High throughput;  Mastering systems;  Patterned medias;  Phase alignment;  Rotation speed;  Template fabrication;  Track pitch, Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Hard disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography, Frequency response},
references={Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1967; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Albrecht, T.R., Ext. Abstr. EIPBN, 52nd Int. Conf. Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN), 2008, pp. 1A-4; Wada, Y., Katsumura, M., Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Iida, T., (2001) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, p. 1653; Kasono, O., Sato, M., Sugimoto, T., Kojima, Y., Kastumura, M., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43, p. 5078; Katsumura, M., Sato, M., Hashimoto, K., Hosoda, Y., Kasono, O., Kitahara, H., Kobayashi, M., Kuriyama, K., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 44, p. 3578; Kitahara, H., Kojima, Y., Kobayashi, M., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., Iida, T., Kuriyama, K., Yokogawa, F., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45, p. 1401; Ohyi, H., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, K., Miyazaki, T., Kuba, Y., Morita, H., (2007) Ext. Abstr. EIPBN, 51st Int. Conf. Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication, pp. 4C-2; Fujita, S., Shimoyama, H., (2005) J. Electron Microsc., 54, p. 413; Miyata, H., Endo, H., Fujita, S., Watanabe, H., Obara, T., Murayama, N., Mizuta, O., (2003) Ricoh Tech. Rep., 29, p. 63. , in Japanese; Miyazaki, T., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, K., Kuba, Y., Ohyi, H., Obara, T., Mizuta, O., Uemoto, H., (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, p. 2611},
correspondence_address1={Ohyi, H.; Crestec Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0045, Japan; email: ohyi@crestec8.co.jp},
issn={00214922},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Goh2009,
author={Goh, C.-K. and Yuan, Z.-M. and Liu, B.},
title={Magnetization reversal in enclosed composite pattern media structure},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={8},
doi={10.1063/1.3109243},
art_number={083920},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65449155955&doi=10.1063%2f1.3109243&partnerID=40&md5=e1515fa07b69344bec93c9cc35a0dcf0},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, (A STAR) Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The bit patterned media use one single domain magnetic island to record a bit. It can effectively push the superparamagnetic limit to higher recording densities. In this paper, we present and investigate a composite patterned media structure comprising of soft layer enclosed magnetic islands to significantly improve the writing capability of conventional writer. Systematic micromagnetic simulation studies reveal that the proposed structure has a different domain wall propagation mechanism and has less stringent requirement on the exchange-coupling strength as compared to conventional composite structures. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned medias;  Composite patterns;  Different domains;  Exchange-coupling;  Magnetic islands;  Media structures;  Micro-magnetic simulations;  Patterned medias;  Recording densities;  Single domains;  Soft layers;  Stringent requirements;  Superparamagnetic limits;  Writing capabilities, Magnetic domains;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Structure (composition);  Superparamagnetism, Magnetization reversal},
references={Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98, p. 024505. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1977192; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Gao, K.-Z., Fernandez De Castro, J., Bertram, H.N., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 4236. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854829; Isowaki, Y., Maeda, T., Kikitsu, A., (2007) Dig. Perpendicular Mag. Rec. Conf., p. 214; Zhu, J.-G., Yuan, H., Park, S., Nuhfer, T., Laughlin, D.E., (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45, p. 911. , 0018-9464,. 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010674; Gao, K.-Z., Fernandez De Castro, J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08K503. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2176318},
correspondence_address1={Goh, C.-K.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: meitikor@yahoo.com.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yamakawa2009,
author={Yamakawa, K. and Ohsawa, Y. and Greaves, S. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Pole design optimization of shielded planar writer for 2 Tbit/ in 2 recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3074101},
art_number={07B728},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249188648&doi=10.1063%2f1.3074101&partnerID=40&md5=9046b5f377eb75909bdbcbbfc8cb7672},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Corporate R and D Center, Toshiba Corp., 1, Komukai-toshiba-cho, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={A shielded planar head with a multi-step-tapered main pole assuming ion-beam milling fabrication was studied to obtain a large recording field along with suppressed fringing field. The head main pole with a three-step-tapered structure was optimized in terms of the top, main, and bottom slope angles. The optimized head showed a remarkably suppressed fringing field compared with a conventional single-step-tapered pole head. The recording simulation suggests that the head has the potential for 2 Tbit/ in2 recording in combination with a bit patterned medium. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned mediums;  Design optimizations;  Fringing fields;  Ion-beam millings;  Main poles;  Multi steps;  Shielded planar heads;  Single steps;  Slope angles;  Tapered poles;  Tapered structures, Poles},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by Research and Development for Next-Generation Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.},
references={Mochizuki, M., Nishida, Y., Kawato, Y., Okada, T., Kawabe, T., Yakano, H., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 191. , 0304-8853 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00336-5; Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2001), IEICE Technical Report No. MR2001-1, (in Japanese); Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2422. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878818; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 2854; Ohsawa, Y., Yamakawa, K., Muraoka, H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3613},
correspondence_address1={Yamakawa, K.; RIEC, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: yamakawa@rdc.pref.akita.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2009,
author={Li, S. and Livshitz, B. and Bertram, H.N. and Inomata, A. and Fullerton, E.E. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Capped bit patterned media for high density magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3074781},
art_number={07C121},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249177645&doi=10.1063%2f1.3074781&partnerID=40&md5=f923318bfe10238aa714cd4260041aba},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, Hitachi GST, San Jose, CA, United States; Storage and Intelligent Systems Laboratories, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Japan},
abstract={A capped composite patterned medium design is described which comprises an array of hard elements exchange coupled to a continuous cap layer. The role of the cap layer is to lower the write field of the individual hard element and introduce ferromagnetic exchange interactions between hard elements to compensate the magnetostatic interactions. Modeling results show significant reduction in the reversal field distributions caused by the magnetization states in the array which is important to prevent bit errors and increase achievable recording densities. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit errors;  Bit-patterned medias;  Cap layers;  Exchange coupled;  Ferromagnetic exchange interactions;  Field distributions;  High-density magnetic recordings;  Magnetization state;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Modeling results;  Patterned mediums;  Recording densities;  Write fields, Magnetic recording;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography, Magnetostatics},
references={Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, p. 149. , 0022-3727 10.1088/0022-3727/40/9/R01; Sharrock, M.P., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6413. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.358282; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 12193. , 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 062512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2335590; Gao, K.-Z., Fernandez-De-Castro, J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08K503. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2176318; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1951053; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Smith, C.E.D., Khizroev, S., Weller, D., Litvinov, D., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2411. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878397; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Takano, K., Schabes, M.E., Zeltzer, G., Do, H., Best, M.E., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 424. , 0304-8853 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00401-2; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2730744; Livshitz, B., Choi, R., Inomata, A., Bertram, N.H., Lomakin, V., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C516. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2837504; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, N.H., Lomakin, V., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 182502. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2801362; Lomakin, V., Choi, R., Livshitz, B., Li, S., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 022502. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2831732; Lomakin, V., Livshitz, B., Bertram, H.N., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2154. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893703; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2142. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139; Goll, D., MacKe, S., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 152512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.3001589; Lomakin, V., Li, S., Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, N., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 3454; Valcu, B., Roscamp, T., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 288. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.990120},
correspondence_address1={Li, S.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , San Diego, CA, United States; email: sli@ucsd.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2009,
author={Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Leong, S.H. and Hu, S.B. and Ng, K.W. and Yuan, Z.M. and Zong, B.Y. and Shi, J.Z. and Hendra, S.K. and Liu, B. and Ng, V.},
title={Magnetic force microscopy and spinstand testing of multi-row-per-track discrete bit patterned media fabricated by focused ion beam},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3070637},
art_number={07C105},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249169221&doi=10.1063%2f1.3070637&partnerID=40&md5=2381559737332b22ef42597ac8a4c7dc},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore},
abstract={Multi-row-per-track discrete bit patterned media with interleaved bits have been fabricated on granular perpendicular media disks by focused ion beam and tested by magnetic force microscopy and spinstand tester. It was found that sub-100 nm patterned magnetic islands showed single domain behavior and narrowed switching field distribution. We further demonstrate from captured spinstand readback waveforms the concept of recording two rows of interleaved dot bits as one track. In addition to overcoming the down track patterning resolution limit, the proposed concept patterned media provide many other advantages including higher data rate for read/write, a flexible bit aspect ratio (BAR) 2 design for better integration with head design and servo control, as well as allowing the use of wider write pole to improve writing efficiency for high density recording. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned medias;  Data rates;  High-density recordings;  Magnetic forces;  Magnetic islands;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular medias;  Readback waveforms;  Resolution limits;  Servo controls;  Single domains;  Spin stands;  Sub-100 nm;  Switching field distributions, Acoustic surface wave filters;  Focused ion beams;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanoimprint lithography, Aspect ratio},
references={Iwasaki, R.S., Takemura, K., Wood, R., (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., 11, p. 1173. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.1975.1058930, ();, IEEE Trans. Magn. 0018-9464 10.1109/20.824422 36, 36 (2000); Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560142; White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Ross, C.A., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560144, () and references therein;, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203 31, 203 (2001) (and references therein); Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.362440; Rubin, K.A., Terris, B.D., Rechter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Weller, D.K., U.S. Patent Application No. US6937421B2;, U.S. Patent Application No. US20070258161A1 (pending); Chen, Y.J., Ng, K.W., Leong, S.H., Guo, Z.B., Shi, J.Z., Liu, B., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2195. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.847627; Pang, B.S., Chen, Y.J., Leong, S.H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 094103. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2169851; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763; Berger, A., Xu, Y., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, F.E., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3178. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855285},
correspondence_address1={Chen, Y. J.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kato2009,
author={Kato, T. and Iwata, S. and Yamauchi, Y. and Tsunashima, S. and Matsumoto, K. and Morikawa, T. and Ozaki, K.},
title={Planar patterned media fabricated by ion irradiation into CrPt3 ordered alloy films},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3072024},
art_number={07C117},
note={cited By 31},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249137531&doi=10.1063%2f1.3072024&partnerID=40&md5=6583d0b1ef962ce1a015a7c00818b8ee},
affiliation={Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; Advanced Technology Department, Yamagata Fujitsu Ltd., 5400-2, Higashine-Ko, Higashine, Yamagata 999-3701, Japan; Storage Technologies Laboratory, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Nishiwaki, Akashi, Hyogo 674-8555, Japan},
abstract={Planar patterned media using CrPt3 ordered alloy films were fabricated by Ar+ or Kr+ ion irradiation through nanoimprinted or electron beam lithography made masks. CrPt3 ordered alloy film on fused quartz substrate exhibits a large perpendicular anisotropy of 5× 106 erg/cc and a large coercivity of 12 kOe, and we found that its magnetic order (magnetization) was completely suppressed by a quite low Ar+ or Kr+ ion dose of about 1-2× 1014 ions/ cm2. Magnetic force microscope image of the ion-beam patterned CrPt3 with a bit size of 90×90 nm showed clear magnetic contrast in nonirradiated regions, while no magnetic contrast in irradiated regions. The read-back waveform taken from an ion-beam patterned CrPt3 disk with 600 nm patterning pitch showed sharp signal transition between irradiated and nonirradiated regions, which indicates the possibility of high-density planar patterned media using CrPt3 ordered alloy. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit sizes;  Coercivity;  Fused quartz;  High densities;  Ion dose;  Ion irradiations;  Magnetic contrasts;  Magnetic force microscopes;  Magnetic orders;  Ordered alloys;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular anisotropies;  Signal transitions;  Wave forms, Alloys;  Electron beams;  Ion beams;  Irradiation;  Krypton;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Metallic films;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Oxide minerals;  Quartz;  Signal processing, Ions},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferŕ, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919. , 0036-8075 10.1126/science.280.5371.1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.124389; Ferŕ, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitasov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, p. 191. , 0304-8853; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferŕ, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3843. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1401803; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3595. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854735; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2972. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2006.880076; Hellwig, O., Weller, D., Kellock, A.J., Baglin, J.E.E., Fullerton, E.E., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1151. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1394722; Fassbender, J., Ravelosona, D., Samson, Y., (2004) J. Phys. D, 37, p. 179. , 0022-3727 10.1088/0022-3727/37/16/R01; Kato, T., Ito, H., Sugihara, K., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276, p. 778. , 0304-8853; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., (2005) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 5, p. 125},
correspondence_address1={Kato, T.; Department of Quantum Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; email: takeshik@nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa2009,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Aung, K.O. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Tan, E.-L. and Law, R.},
title={Patterned media with composite structure for writability at high areal recording density},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3093699},
art_number={073904},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249136407&doi=10.1063%2f1.3093699&partnerID=40&md5=10eef03a6304bcdc10744df990742c9e},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A,STAR), DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={Writability in bit-patterned media (BPM) is a critical issue for high areal densities. In this study, magnetization reversal for multilayer of (Co/Pd) nanodots was investigated using magnetic force microscopy. We observed an increase of more than 15 times in switching field (Hsw) in BPM over that of continuous films. An exchange coupled structure made of a thin Co layer with in-plane magnetization and high perpendicular anisotropy layer of (Co/Pd) multilayer to reduce the switching field is proposed. When the Co layer is thinner than 2 nm, its magnetization is aligned perpendicular to the film plane due to the exchange coupling with the 15 nm thick (Co/Pd) multilayer. The thin Co layer helps in reducing the Hsw of (Co/Pd) by almost 50% and also its distribution by 57% as measured from remanence magnetization. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal recording densities;  Bit-patterned medias;  Continuous films;  Critical issues;  Exchange coupled;  Film planes;  High areal densities;  High perpendicular anisotropies;  In-plane magnetizations;  Magnetic forces;  Magnetization - reversals;  Nanodots;  Patterned medias;  Remanence magnetizations;  Switching fields, Cobalt;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnets;  Multilayers;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Remanence;  Structure (composition), Magnetization reversal},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560144; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199. , 0022-3727 10.1088/0022-3727/38/12/R01; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2209179; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3214. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 162502. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2799174; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.2798711; Sbiaa, R., Le Gall, H., Desvignes, J.M., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 7887. , 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.7887; Stavrou, E., Rohrmann, H., Roll, K., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1988. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.706766; Shaw, J.M., Russek, S.E., Thomson, T., Donahue, M.J., Terris, B.D., Hellwig, O., Dobisz, E., Schneider, M.L., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 024414. , 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024414},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: rachid_sbiaa@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Livshitz2009,
author={Livshitz, B. and Inomata, A. and Bertram, H.N. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Analysis of recording in bit patterned media with parameter distributions},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3072442},
art_number={07C111},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249117349&doi=10.1063%2f1.3072442&partnerID=40&md5=60b1b1d0ac6916b9558fe841750f750a},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Storage and Intelligent Systems Laboratories, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Atsugi, 243-0197, Japan; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Recording in bit patterned media (BPM) requires strict synchronization of the signal misregistration time. A scheme is presented based on micromagnetic simulation of a single element which allows defining a writing window (WW) permitting for synchronized recording. The WW behavior for random distributions of the anisotropy field is studied. The width of WW is shown to be determined by the medium parameters deviations, the BPM element separation, and the head field strength. It is shown that significant limitations can be imposed on the BPM density and required head fields because of the random distributions of the BPM properties. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Anisotropy fields;  Bit-patterned medias;  Head fields;  Micro-magnetic simulations;  Misregistration;  Parameter distributions;  Random distributions;  Single elements, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1512946; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, p. 189. , 0946-7076 10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2209179; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Dobin, A., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 062512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2335590; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nature Mater., 2, p. 524. , 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat946; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5398. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.373356; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, N.H., Lomakin, V., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 182502. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2801362; Livshitz, B., Choi, R., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C516. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2837504},
correspondence_address1={Livshitz, B.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: livshitz@ece.ucsd.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Livshitz2009,
author={Livshitz, B. and Boag, A. and Bertram, H.N. and Lomakin, V.},
title={Nonuniform grid algorithm for fast calculation of magnetostatic interactions in micromagnetics},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2009},
volume={105},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.3076048},
art_number={07D541},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65249085746&doi=10.1063%2f1.3076048&partnerID=40&md5=7d61d4336b0fec3463a17385dc0ff2b8},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={A nonuniform grid (NG) algorithm for rapidly computing magnetostatic field for micromagnetic simulations is described. The algorithm relies on spatial NG representation of the potential from the source boxes and local interpolation. Multilevel implementations of the algorithm result in a linear computational complexity with respect to the number of effective magnetic charges and observers. The algorithm is highly adaptive with respect to structure's geometry, i.e., it becomes automatically faster for low dimensional configurations such as quasiplanar bit patterned medium arrays. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit-patterned mediums;  Local interpolations;  Low dimensional;  Magnetic charges;  Magnetostatic fields;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Micro-magnetic simulations;  Micromagnetics;  Multi-level implementations;  Non-uniform grids, Computational complexity;  Grid computing;  Magnetostatics, Adaptive algorithms},
references={Fredkin, D.R., Koehler, T.R., (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., 26, p. 415. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.106342; Forster, H., Schrefl, T., Dittrich, R., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2513. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816458; Mansuripur, M., Giles, R., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 2326. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.92100; Kanai, Y., Saiki, M., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamomo, T., Yoshida, K., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 1602. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2007.916254; Greengard, L., Rokhlin, V., (1987) J. Comput. Phys., 73, p. 325. , 0021-9991 10.1016/0021-9991(87)90140-9; Seberino, C., Bertram, H.N., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1078. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.920479; Apalkov, D.M., Visscher, P.B., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 3478. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2003.819461; Long, H.H., Ong, E.T., Liu, Z.J., Li, E.P., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 295. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.861505; Mayergoyz, I.D., Andrei, P., Dimian, M., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1103; Balasubramanian, S., Lalgudi, S.N., Shanker, B., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3426; Boag, A., Michielssen, E., Brandt, A., (2002) IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 1, p. 142. , 1536-1225; Boag, A., Livshitz, B., (2006) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 54, p. 3565. , 0018-9480; Boag, A., Lomakin, V., Michielssen, E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 54, p. 1943. , 0018-926X; Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I.A., (1965) Handbook of Mathematical Functions, , (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC); Gumerov, N.A., Duraiswami, R., (2008) J. Comput. Phys., 227, p. 8290. , 0021-9991},
correspondence_address1={Livshitz, B.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: livshitz@ece.ucsd.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schmid2009573,
author={Schmid, G.M. and Miller, M. and Brooks, C. and Khusnatdinov, N. and Labrake, D. and Resnick, D.J. and Sreenivasan, S.V. and Gauzner, G. and Lee, K. and Kuo, D. and Weller, D. and Yang, X.},
title={Step and flash imprint lithography for manufacturing patterned media},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2009},
volume={27},
number={2},
pages={573-580},
doi={10.1116/1.3081981},
note={cited By 38},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64549126998&doi=10.1116%2f1.3081981&partnerID=40&md5=690f8b525aa4e01e7f69dab1cc94b246},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; Seagate Research, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States},
abstract={The ever-growing demand for hard drives with greater storage density has motivated a technology shift from continuous magnetic media to patterned media hard disks, which are expected to be implemented in future generations of hard disk drives to provide data storage at densities exceeding 1012 bits/in.2. Step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL) technology has been employed to pattern the hard disk substrates. This article discusses the infrastructure required to enable S-FIL in high-volume manufacturing, namely, fabrication of master templates, template replication, high-volume imprinting with precisely controlled residual layers, and dual-sided imprinting. Imprinting of disks is demonstrated with substrate throughput currently as high as 180 disks/h (dual sided). These processes are applied to patterning hard disk substrates with both discrete tracks and bit-patterned designs. © 2009 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Data storages;  Future generations;  Growing demands;  Hard disk drives;  Hard disk substrates;  Hard disks;  Hard drives;  High-volume manufacturing;  Magnetic medias;  Patterned medias;  Residual layers;  Step-and-flash imprint lithographies;  Storage densities;  Technology shifts, Disks (machine components);  Disks (structural components);  Magnetic disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Substrates, Hard disk storage},
funding_details={U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy, USDOE, DE-AC02-05CH11231},
funding_details={Office of ScienceOffice of Science, SC},
funding_text 1={The authors are grateful for the assistance provided by Zhaoning Yu and Justin Hwu (Seagate Technology), Shuaigang Xiao (Seagate Research), Gary Doyle, Steve Johnson, Chris Jones, and Paul Hofeman (Molecular Imprints, Inc.), and Scott Dhuey, Bruce Harteneck, Erin Wood, and Stefano Cabrini (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of BES, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.},
references={Poulsen, V., (1899), U.S. Patent No. 822,222 (8 July); Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 30, p. 611. , 0084-6600 10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.611; Chen, B.M., Lee, T.H., Peng, K., Venkataramanan, V., (2007) Hard Disk Drive Servo Systems, , 2nd ed. (Springer, New York); Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1976. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2002.801791; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652. , 0018-9219 10.1109/5.573754; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203. , 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Resnick, D.J., (2002) J. Microlithogr., Microfabr., Microsyst., 1, p. 284. , 1537-1646 10.1117/1.1508410; Yang, X., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.2798711; Colburn, M., (1999) Proc. SPIE, 3676, p. 379. , 0277-786X 10.1117/12.351155; Yoneda, I., Mikami, S., Ota, T., Koshiba, T., Ito, M., Nakasugi, T., Higashiki, T., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6921, p. 14; Miller, M., Brooks, C., Lentz, D., Doyle, G., Resnick, D.J., Labrake, D., (2008) Proc. SPIE, 6883, pp. 68830D. , 0003-6951; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 4363. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1630153; Preliminary experiments have demonstrated template lifetimes exceeding 104 imprints (unpublished data); Miller, M., Schmid, G.M., Doyle, G.F., Thompson, E.D., Resnick, D.J., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 885. , 0167-9317 10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.060; Hua, F., (2004) Nano Lett., 4, p. 2467. , 1530-6984 10.1021/nl048355u},
correspondence_address1={Schmid, G. M.; Molecular Imprints, Inc., 1807-C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; email: gschmid@molecularimprints.com},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kikitsu2009526,
author={Kikitsu, A.},
title={Prospects for bit patterned media for high-density magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2009},
volume={321},
number={6},
pages={526-530},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.039},
note={cited By 71},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60849130693&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.05.039&partnerID=40&md5=2f6221ffb073416a7ed8bb715dbda282},
affiliation={Corp. R, D Center, Toshiba Corp., 1 Komukai toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8582, Japan},
abstract={Prospects for bit patterned media (BPM) of more than 1 Tb/in2 are discussed. Improvement in the pattern drawing for small feature size and high precision is necessary for fabrication process. Deviation in the magnetic properties should be estimated and reduced. The etching damage seems not to be large. Design of the substructure of the magnetic dot is necessary for reducing the deviation. BPM is also a good template for technologies to increase the recording density. Combination of BPM with heat-assisted recording or exchange-coupled layers is advantageous for high-density recording. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Magnetic recording;  Perpendicular recording},
keywords={Magnetic devices;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography, Bit patterned media;  Fabrication process;  High precision;  High-density magnetic recordings;  High-density recordings;  Magnetic dots;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording densities;  Small features, Magnetic recording},
references={Nakatani, I., Takahashi, T., Hijikata, M., Kobayashi, T., Ozawa, K., Hanaoka, H., (1989), Japanese Patent No. 888363; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3685; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 670; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2510; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.v.d., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Weller1, D., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Maile, B.E., Henschel, W., Kurz, H., Rienks, B., Polman, R., Kaars, P., (2000) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39, p. 6836; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Pai, R.A., Humayun, R., Schulberg, M.T., Sengupta, A., Sun, J., Watkins, J.J., (2004) Science, 303, p. 509; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 6705; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, p. 999; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Kikitsu, A., Kai, T., Nagase, T., Akiyama, J., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10P701; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Awano, H., Imai, S., Sekine, M., Tani, M., Ohta, N., Mitani, K., Takagi, N., Kume, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2261},
correspondence_address1={Kikitsu, A.; Corp. R, 1 Komukai toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8582, Japan; email: akira.kikitsu@toshiba.co.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kanai2009518,
author={Kanai, Y. and Yamakawa, K.},
title={Narrow-track perpendicular write heads},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2009},
volume={321},
number={6},
pages={518-525},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.006},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60849103782&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=f6920644292ef1eb7d361b35bb3dd95b},
affiliation={Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki-shi, Niigata-ken, 945-1195, Japan; AIT, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita-shi, Akita-ken 010-1623, Japan, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Narrow-track perpendicular write heads are reviewed. Because of the strong magnetic interaction between the write head and double-layered medium in perpendicular recording, various types of media are also considered. Current technology is discussed to illustrate design issues; then, for areal densities beyond 1 Tb/in2, future technological requirements, including single-pole-type (SPT) heads for discrete track and bit-patterned media, are examined based on numerical simulations. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Finite-element methods;  Micromagnetic analysis;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Planer heads;  Single-pole-type heads;  Tapered main pole},
keywords={Finite element method;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Planers;  Poles, Finite-element methods;  Micromagnetic analysis;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole-type heads;  Tapered main pole, Magnetic heads},
references={Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn., 13, p. 1272; van Ek, J., Shukh, A., Ed Murdock, Parker, G., Batra, S., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 408; Jiang, W., Khera, G., Wood, R., Williams, M., Smith, N., Ikeda, Y., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6754; de Bie, R., Luitjens, S., Zieren, V., Schrauwen, C., Bernards, J., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 2091; Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., Ouchi, K., (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn., 15, p. 1456; Heinonen, O., Bozeman, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08S301; Mallary, M., Trabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1719; Nakamoto, K., Hoshiya, H., Katada, H., Okada, T., Hatatani, M., Hoshino, K., Yoshida, N., Watanabe, K., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2914; M. L. Mallary, US Patent, #4 656 546, April 7, 1987. M. L. Mallary, S. C. Das, Reissued #33 949, June 2, '92; Noma, K., Matsuoka, M., Kanai, H., Uehara, Y., Nomura, K., Awaji, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 140; Kanai, Y., Matsubara, R., Watanabe, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1955; Mochizuki, M., Nishida, Y., Kawato, Y., Okada, T., Kawabe, T., Yakano, H., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 191; Kanai, Y., Matsubara, R., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 169; Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6839; Shen, X., Kapoor, M., Field, R., Victora, R.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 676; Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Kazuhiro, K., (2001) Tech. Rep. IEICE MR2001-1, p. 1; Gao, K., Bertram, H.N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3521; Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2172; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2422; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2120; http://www.srcjp.gr.jp/HomeE.htm, Storage Research Consortium SRC, online available; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1967; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2408; Kaizu, A., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Tagami, K., Sato, I., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2465; White, R.L., New, R.M.J., Pease, F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M.v.d., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2006) Tech. Rep. IEICE, MR2006-55, p. 97; Y. Kanai, K. Hirasawa, T. Tsukamoto, K. Yoshida, S. Greaves, H. Muraoka, The 8th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference (PMRC2007), 16aB-04, Tokyo, Japan (2007)},
correspondence_address1={Kanai, Y.; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki-shi, Niigata-ken, 945-1195, Japan; email: kanai@iee.niit.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Richter2009467,
author={Richter, H.J.},
title={Density limits imposed by the microstructure of magnetic recording media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2009},
volume={321},
number={6},
pages={467-476},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.04.161},
note={cited By 58},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60849085714&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.04.161&partnerID=40&md5=35489da1f678d4d18c5351f6a90f29c4},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={The fundamental limit of magnetic recording density on conventional media is set by the grain size. Once this grain size limit is reached, only a reduction of the grain size allows an increased SNR and thus an increased areal density. It is shown that, whilst maintaining thermal stability, scaling demands that the required anisotropy energy density K is proportional to the areal density, or the square of the areal density if the medium thickness reaches the critical thickness 4 sqrt(A / K) (A is the exchange stiffness of the material). Recording onto materials with such a high anisotropy requires some form of a write-assist. It is furthermore shown that the grain size limit cannot be obtained with intergranular exchange present, and six different requirements are listed that constitute ideal media. An alternative path for increasing areal density of magnetic recording is to use patterned media, where each bit contains only one grain. In this case, written-in errors dominate system performance and the maximum achievable areal density is estimated to be about 6 Tbit/in2. Patterned media need to exhibit narrow distributions of their physical and structural properties with standard deviations of the order of 5% or less. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Magnetic recording;  Microstructure;  Perpendicular recording;  Scaling;  Superparamagnetic limit},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Grain size and shape;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetism;  Microstructure;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Superparamagnetism, Alternative paths;  Anisotropy energy densities;  Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Critical thickness;  Density limits;  Exchange stiffness;  Fundamental limits;  Grain sizes;  High anisotropies;  Intergranular;  Magnetic recording medias;  Narrow distributions;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular recording;  Scaling;  Standard deviations;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Thermal stabilities, Magnetic recording},
references={http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/technolo/overview/chart02.html; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Bertram, H.N., Zhou, H., Gustafson, R., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1845; Richter, H.J., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2790; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, pp. R149; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; Caroselli, J., Wolf, J.K., (1995) SPIE Proc. Coding Inf. Storage, 2605, p. 29; Richter, H.J., (1999) J. Phys. D, 21, pp. R147; Minuhin, V.B., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2077; Slutsky, B., Bertram, H.N., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 2808; Mallinson, J.C., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 3519; Nolan, T.P., Risner, J.D., Harkness IV, S.D., Girt, Er., Wu, S.Z., Sinclair, R., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 639; Wang, X., Feng, X., Jin, Z., Fernandez-de-Castro, J., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08K502; Lin, H., Bertram, H.N., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 3987; Braun, H.B., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, p. 3557; Williams, M.L., Comstock, R.L., (1971) AIP Conf. Proc., 5, p. 738; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 240, p. 599; Miles, J.J., McKirdy, D.A., Chantrell, R.W., Wood, R., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1876; Victora, R.H., Perpendicular recording media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High Density Magnetic Recording, , Plumer M., van Ek J., and Weller D. (Eds), Springer, Berlin; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Yu., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287 C, p. 41; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2283; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1719; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge University Press; Lyberatos, A., Guslienko, K.Y., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 94, p. 1119; Rausch, T., Bain, J.A., Stancil, D.D., Schlesinger, T.E., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 137; Zhu, X., Zhu, J.G., (2006) Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fähler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrcac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105; Dobin, A.Yu., Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 062512; Lu, Z., Visscher, P.B., Butler, W.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2941; Myrasov, O., Private communication; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Hughes, G., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , Plumer M., van Ek J., and Weller D. (Eds), Springer, Heidelberg; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.v.d., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.v.d., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199},
correspondence_address1={Richter, H.J.; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: hansjuergen.richter@gmail.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li2009199,
author={Li, H. and Zheng, H. and Yoon, Y. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media},
journal={Tribology Letters},
year={2009},
volume={33},
number={3},
pages={199-204},
doi={10.1007/s11249-009-9409-7},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60349088634&doi=10.1007%2fs11249-009-9409-7&partnerID=40&md5=dc92108a6a41bd46164d0cee40d21be1},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code #0401, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={Patterned media are being considered as a promising approach for achieving storage densities beyond 1 Tb/in 2 on hard disks. Patterned media reduce cross talk of adjacent bits and improve thermal stability of the media. In this investigation, the flying characteristics of femto-type sliders over bit patterned media (BPM) are investigated. The discrete bits of the disk are modeled as isolated conical protrusions on the disk surface. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Flying height;  Head disk interface},
keywords={Adjacent bits;  Air bearings;  Bit patterned media;  Cross talks;  Disk surfaces;  Flying height;  Hard disks;  Head disk interface;  Patterned medias;  Storage densities;  Thermal stabilities, Disks (structural components);  Magnetic disk storage;  Thermodynamic stability, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete-track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICe Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commu. Comput. Sci e, 76, pp. 1161-1163. , 7; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 1967-1971. , 4. 10.1109/TMAG.2003.813753; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 670-675. , 2. 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 3220-3222. , 10. 10.1109/TMAG.2005.854777; Kawazoe, K., Yotsuya, M., Shimamura, T., Okada, K., Dynamics of flying head slider for grooved discrete track disk (1993) Proceedings of the 1993 ISME International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, pp. 894-898. , Tokyo, Japan; Mitsuya, Y., A simulation method for hydrodynamic lubrication of surfaces with two-dimensional isotropic or anisotropic roughness using mixed average film thickness (1984) Bull. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., 27, pp. 2036-2044. , 231; Mitsuya, Y., Ohkubo, T., Ota, H., Averaged Reynolds equation extended to gas lubrication processing surface roughness in the slip flow regime: Approximate method and confirmation experiments (1989) ASME J. Tribol., 111, pp. 495-503; Mitsuya, Y., Hayashi, T., Transient response of head slider when flying over textured magnetic disk media (1990) Proceedings of the Japan International Tribology Conference, 3, pp. 1941-1946. , Maruzen, Tokyo; Ohkubo, T., Mitsuya, Y., An experimental investigation of the effect of moving two-dimensional roughness on thin film gas-lubrication for flying head slider (1990) Proceedings of the Japan International Tribology Conference, Vol. 3, Pp. 1329-1332. Maruzen, Tokyo; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D.B., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, pp. 568-574. , 10.1115/1.1456084; Murthy, A.N., Etsion, I., Talke, F.E., Analysis of surface textured air bearing sliders with rarefaction effects (2007) Tribol. Lett., 28, pp. 251-261. , 10.1007/s11249-007-9269-y; Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) ASME J. Tribol., 129, pp. 712-719. , 10.1115/1.2768069; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2489-2491. , 10. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878617; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 1023-1030. , 10.1007/s00542-006-0314-9; Peng, J.P., Wang, G., Thrivani, S., Chue, J., Nojaba, M., Thayamballi, P., Numerical and experimental evaluation of discrete track recording technology (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2462-2464. , 10. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878635; Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., the Effect of Grooves of Discrete Track Recording Media on the Touch-down and Take-off Hysteresis of Magnetic Recording Sliders, , THN-F4, Santa Clara, ISPS2008; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized Boltzmann equation: First report-derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) ASME J. Tribol., 110, pp. 253-261; Wahl, M., Lee, P., Talke, F.E., An efficient finite element-based air bearing simulator for pivoted slider bearings using bi-conjugate gradient algorithms (1996) Tribol. Trans., 39, pp. 130-138. , 1. 10.1080/10402009608983512},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: hui@talkelab.ucsd.edu},
issn={10238883},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Tribol. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Piao2009,
author={Piao, H.-G. and Djuhana, D. and Oh, S.-K. and Yu, S.-C. and Kim, D.-H.},
title={Multibits magnetic recording using a ferromagnetic element with shifted vortex core position},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2009},
volume={94},
number={5},
doi={10.1063/1.3077024},
art_number={052501},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-59849098620&doi=10.1063%2f1.3077024&partnerID=40&md5=4fc76a0aab2b09ed17833fc98293a8a3},
affiliation={BK21 Physics Program, Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea},
abstract={We suggest a patterned ferromagnetic multibits element for an ultrahigh density magnetic recording media. The pattern is composed of a circular ferromagnetic disk in contact to four needle-shaped sharp equilateral triangles. By using micromagnetic simulation, we found that a spin configuration of circular ferromagnetic disk is modified with position of magnetic vortex core shifted from the center by selecting a specific combination of spin states of four needles. We explore the possibility of multibits recording by shifting magnetic vortex core position in the ferromagnetic element. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Disks (structural components);  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Needles;  Spin dynamics;  Vortex flow, Equilateral triangles;  Ferromagnetic disks;  Ferromagnetic elements;  Magnetic vortex cores;  Micro-magnetic simulations;  Multi-bits;  Spin configurations;  Spin state;  Ultrahigh density magnetic recording medias;  Vortex cores, Magnetic materials},
funding_details={National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea, NRF, KRF-2007-331-C00097},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (Grant No. KRF-2007-331-C00097).},
references={New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.587499; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.362440; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652. , 0018-9219 10.1109/5.573754; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.950927; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Nozìres, J.P., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.1644341; Charap, S.H., Lu, L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560142; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 4. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.824417; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203. , 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272, p. 1692. , 0304-8853; Chen, C.C., Chang, C.C., Kuo, C.Y., Horng, L., Wu, J.C., Wu, T., Chern, G., Takahashi, M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2766. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878868; Lin, L.K., Kuo, C.Y., Ou, J.Y., Chang, C.C., Chang, C.R., Horng, L., Wu, J.C., (2007) Phys. Status Solidi C, 4, p. 4360. , 0031-8957; Kronmüller, H., Parkin, S., (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials 2, , (Wiley, Chichester); Okuno, T., Shigeto, K., Ono, T., Mibu, K., Shinjo, T., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 240, p. 1. , 0304-8853 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00708-9; Yamada, K., Kasai, S., Nakatani, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohno, H., Thiaville, A., Ono, T., (2007) Nature Mater., 6, p. 270. , 1476-1122 10.1038/nmat1867; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (2002), http://math.nist.gov/oommf, OOMMF User's Guide from; Van Waeyenberge, B., Puzic, A., Stoll, H., Chou, K.W., Tyliszczak, T., Hertel, R., Fahnle, M., Schutz, G., (2006) Nature (London), 444, p. 461. , 0028-0836 10.1038/nature05240; Kasai, S., Nakano, K., Ohshima, N., Kobayashi, K., Nakatani, Y., Ono, T., (2008), p. 182. , 53rd Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Austin, (unpublished),},
correspondence_address1={Piao, H.-G.; BK21 Physics Program, , Cheongju 361-763, South Korea},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sohn2009,
author={Sohn, J.-S. and Lee, D. and Cho, E. and Kim, H.-S. and Lee, B.-K. and Lee, M.-B. and Suh, S.-J.},
title={The fabrication of Co-Pt electro-deposited bit patterned media with nanoimprint lithography},
journal={Nanotechnology},
year={2009},
volume={20},
number={2},
doi={10.1088/0957-4484/20/2/025302},
art_number={025302},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149234935&doi=10.1088%2f0957-4484%2f20%2f2%2f025302&partnerID=40&md5=4b5fe7466321058b5f6e3f2de0e7edf5},
affiliation={Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt.14-1, Nongseo-ri, Giheung-eup, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-712, South Korea; Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300, Chunchun-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea},
abstract={Bit patterned media with 25 nm hole diameter and 50 nm pitch size were fabricated with serial processes comprising master patterning with electron-beam lithography, a Si etching process, multi-layer soft stamp replication, and UV nanoimprinting, followed by Co-Pt magnetic material filling by electro-deposition. From these processes, the designed patterns were well defined, and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the fabricated bit patterned media was obtained. © IOP Publishing Ltd.},
keywords={Cobalt;  Fabrication;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Platinum, Hole diameters;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic anisotropies;  Serial processes;  Si etchings;  Soft stamps, Nanoimprint lithography, cobalt;  plutonium, anisotropy;  article;  electron beam;  magnetic field;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  priority journal;  scanning electron microscope;  ultraviolet radiation},
chemicals_cas={cobalt, 7440-48-4; plutonium, 7440-07-5},
references={Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35 (19), p. 157; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (6), p. 4423; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 978; Kryder, M.H., Messner, W., Carley, L.R., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79 (8), p. 4485; Tang, Y.S., Osse, L., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23 (5), p. 2371; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlock, A.M., Kroumbi, M.T., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23 (5), p. 3690; New, R.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 12 (6), p. 3196; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), p. 6673; Lambeth, D.N., Velu, E.M.T., Gellesis, G.H., Lee, L.L., Laughlin, D.E., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79 (8), p. 4496; Speliotis, D.E., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 193 (1-3), p. 29; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 990; White, R.L., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 242-245, p. 21; Zhu, J.G., Lin, X., Guan, J., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), p. 23; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), p. 3220; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38 (12), pp. 199-R222; Aoyama, T., Okawa, S., Hattori, K., Hatate, H., Wada, Y., Uchiyama, K., Kagotani, T., Sato, I., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235 (1-3), p. 174; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, J., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 1949; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), p. 2516; Wu, W., Cui, B., Sun, X., Zhang, W., Zhuang, L., Kong, L., Chou, S.Y., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 16 (6), p. 3825; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (8), p. 1483; Palacin, S., Hidber, P.C., Bourgoin, J.P., Miramond, C., Fermon, C., Whitesides, G.M., (1996) Chem. Mater., 8 (6), p. 1316; Zana, I., Zangari, G., Shamsuzzoha, M., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 292, p. 266; Jeong, G.H., Lee, C.H., Park, I.S., Jang, J.H., Suh, S.J., (2008) J. Korean Phys. Soc., 502, p. 1838; Jeong, G.H., Lee, C.H., Jang, J.H., Park, N.J., Suh, S.J., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater.},
correspondence_address1={Sohn, J.-S.; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt.14-1, Nongseo-ri, Giheung-eup, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-712, South Korea; email: sohn@samsung.com},
issn={09574484},
coden={NNOTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nanotechnology},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Han20097539,
author={Han, Y. and De Callafon, R.A.},
title={Evaluation of track following servo performance for patterned servo sectors in hard disk drives},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control},
year={2009},
pages={7539-7544},
doi={10.1109/CDC.2009.5400003},
art_number={5400003},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference, CDC/CCC 2009 ; Conference Date: 15 December 2009 Through 18 December 2009;  Conference Code:79678},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950790833&doi=10.1109%2fCDC.2009.5400003&partnerID=40&md5=e7344cd94002ca7374dd7b7a77564eb5},
affiliation={University of California at San Diego, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={A promising approach for ultra high data storage capacities in magnetic hard disk drives is the use of bit-patterned media (BPM) that allows both higher track densities and increased linear bit spacing of data. To allow for such ultra high track densities, it is important to select an embedded servo pattern within the BPM that provides a Position Error Signal (PES) with sufficient quality to maintain (high bandwidth) head positioning. This paper discusses servo pattern performance from a closed-loop point of view for several servo patterns that could be incorporated in a BPM. A dedicated magnetic readback signal simulation and signal decoding along with a closed-loop simulation are used to evaluate tracking and PES quality. Due to PES nonlinearity in the conventional amplitude based servo pattern currently used in most drives, a timing based chevron pattern and a differential frequency pattern are considered as case studies in this paper. For the timing based servo patterns, both readback signal sampling and transition jitter were found to greatly affect PES quality. It is shown by the simulation studies in this paper that the differential frequency servo pattern can surpass the chevron and amplitude based servo patterns when subjected to sampling and jitter noise due to the averaging effects of the rotational symmetry of the pattern. ©2009 IEEE.},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Jitter;  Magnetic storage;  Signal sampling, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Closed-loop simulations;  Data storage capacity;  Differential frequency;  Magnetic hard disk drives;  Position error signals;  Rotational symmetries;  Transition jitters, Quality control},
references={Mamun, A., Guo, G., Bi, C., (2007) Hard Disk Drive: Mechatronics and Control, , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S., Patterned media towards nano-bit magnetic recording: Fabrication and challenges (2007) Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, 1, pp. 29-40; Barany, A., Bertram, H., Transition position and amplitude fluctuation noise model for longitudinal thin film media (1987) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 23, pp. 2374-2376; Tsang, Y.T.C., Disk-noise induced peak jitters in high density recording (1993) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 29, pp. 3975-3977; Sacks, A., Messner, W., MR head effects on PES generation: Simulation and experiment (1996) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 32, pp. 1773-1778; Akagi, K., Yasuna, K., Shishida, K., Optimizing servo-signal design for a hard-disk drives (2005) Microsystem Technologies, 11, pp. 784-789; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 36, pp. 23-29; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 43, pp. 3685-3688; Richter, H., Dobin, A., Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Veerdonk, R.V.D., Lynch, R., Xue, J., Brockie, R., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 42, pp. 2255-2260; Moneck, M., Zhu, J., Tang, Y., Moon, K., Lee, H., Zhang, S., Che, X., Takahashi, N., Lithographically patterned servo position error signal patterns in perpendicular disks (2008) Journal of Applied Physics, 103, pp. 07C511-07C511-3; Heinonen, O., Gao, K., Extensions of perpendicular recording (2008) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, pp. 2885-2888; Lin, X., Zhu, J., Messner, W., Investigation of advanced position error signal patterns in patterned media (2000) Journal of Applied Physics, 87, pp. 5117-5119; Hughes, E., Messner, W., New servo pattern for hard disk storage using pattern media (2003) Journal of Applied Physics, 93, pp. 7002-7004; Hughes, E., Messner, W., Characterization of three servo patterns for position error signal generation in hard drives (2003) Proc. American Control Conference, (Denver, CO), pp. 4317-4321; Japan HDD Benchmark Problem, , http://mizugaki.iis.utokyo.ac.jp/nss/; Messner, W., Zhu, J., Lin, X., (2004) Frequency Modulation Pattern for Disk Drive Assemblies, , Tech. Rep. US 6,754,016 B2, United States Patent; Bane Vasic, B., Kurtas, E., (2005) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; Han, Y., De Callafon, R., Evaluation of track following servo performance of high density hard disk drives using patterned media (2009) To Appear in IEEE Trans. on Magnetics},
correspondence_address1={Han, Y.; University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
sponsors={et al.; Googol Tech; Honeywell; Quanser; The MathWorks; United Technologies},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={Shanghai},
issn={07431546},
isbn={9781424438716},
coden={PCDCD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc IEEE Conf Decis Control},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shiroishi20093816,
author={Shiroishi, Y. and Fukuda, K. and Tagawa, I. and Iwasaki, H. and Takenoiri, S. and Tanaka, H. and Mutoh, H. and Yoshikawa, N.},
title={Future options for HDD storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3816-3822},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024879},
art_number={5257351},
note={cited By 282},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049191532&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2024879&partnerID=40&md5=69171d9a7c4a75edd4c315b49aa5c881},
affiliation={R and D Group, Hitachi Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan; Data Storage and Thin Film Technology Components Business Group, TDK Corp., Saku, Nagano 385-8555, Japan; RW Tech., HDD Lab, Hitachi GST, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8588, Japan; Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan; Disk Media Group, Fuji Electric Device Technology Co., Ltd., Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0821, Japan; Head Advanced Technology, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Japan, Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa 256-8510, Japan; Storage Products Group, Fujitsu Limited, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8588, Japan; Hard Disk Drive Development Dept., Core Technology Center, Toshiba Corp., Ome, Tokyo 198-8710, Japan},
abstract={The HDD industry is at a critical technology cross roads and it is paramount that we quickly establish comprehensive paths to push beyond the superparamagnetic limit. Several promising technology options have been explored to increase the areal density beyond the limit such as bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR), heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), and microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR). In addition to these three technology options, there is recent interest in a fourth approach that has the advantage of staying with a relatively conventional perpendicular medium and head. This combines shingled write recording (SWR) and/or 2-D read back and signal processing. Either technique can be used separately to give large gains and the combination of the two, which is referred to as 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR), promises particularly large gains. Recording with energy assist on BPM or 2-D signal processing will enable the areal density beyond around 5 Tb/in 2, although none of them have shown a clear problem-free solution. Precompetitive research projects and programs have recently started targeting 2 Tb/in2 by 2010 for SRC, 5 Tb/in2 by 2013 for NEDO, and 10 Tb/in2 by 2015 for INSIC. This paper reviews the technology options ahead, and the pros &amp; cons for each option. We include a brief introduction to SWR and TDMR. ©2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D magnetic recording (TDMR);  Bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR);  Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR);  Microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR);  Shingled write recording (SWR)},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Magnetism;  Signal processing, 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR);  Critical technologies;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Microwave assisted magnetic recordings (MAMR);  Perpendicular medium;  Precompetitive research;  Shingled write recording (SWR);  Superparamagnetic limit, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={The HDD industry is at a critical technology crossroads and it is paramount that we quickly establish comprehensive paths to push beyond the superparamagnetic limit while mitigating the R&D and tooling investment risks. Considering this situation, several precompetitive research projects and programs supported by the HDD industry and/or Government have recently started. These variously have targets of 2 Tb/in by 2010 for the Storage Research Consortium (SRC)1 [7], 5 Tb/in by 2013 for the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)2 [8], and 10 Tb/in by 2015 for the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) [9]. Fig. 1 summarizes the areal density trends of research targets as well as recent studies and HDD products.},
references={http://www.emc.com/about/news/press/2008/20080311-01.htm; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Tanahashi, K., Nakagawa, H., Araki, R., Kashiwase, H., Nemoto, H., Dual segregant perpendicular recording media with graded properties (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 799-804. , Feb; Schabes, M.E., Media Design and Tolerance Requirements for +Tb/in2 Bit Patterned Recording, 29, p. 2008. , AC-1, TMRC 2008 Singapore, Jul; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., Integrated heat assisted magnetic recording head: Design and recording demonstration (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 119-124. , Jan; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 25-131. , Nov; http://www.srcjp.gr.jp/HomeE.htm, Online; https://app3.infoc.nedo.go.jp/informa-tions/koubo/koubo/EA/nedokoubo. 2008-06-12.7288588664/, Online; http://www.insic.org/EHDR.pdf, Online; Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 10 terabits per square inch on conventionalmedia (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 917-923. , Feb; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and Up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Rottner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co Cr Pt perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1725-1730. , Apr; Tagami, K., Outlook of next generation technologies in HDD (2009) IDEMA Japan 2009 January Quarterly Seminar, , Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 23 presentation no 5; Hughs, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Muraoka, H., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3423-3429. , Nov; Kanai, Y., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Micromagnetic recording field analysis of a single-pole- type head for 1-2 Tbit/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3609-3612. , Nov; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., De Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Yoshida, H., Al, E., In (2008) Proc. Int. Conf. Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology (NNT'008'), 14 A1-2; Focus, O.N., (2009) Patterned Media's Economics, Challenges, and Overwhelming Potential, 20. , Mark Geenen and TRENDFOCUS, Inc., FOCUS ON Jan; Kryder, M.H., Gage, E.C., McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Rottmayer, R.E., Ju, G., Hsia, Y.-T., Fatih Erden, M., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Matsumoto, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., Hieda, H., Kikitsu, A., Naito, K., Koda, T., Thermally assisted magnetic recording on bit- patterned magnetic medium using near-field optical head with beaked metallic plate (2007) Proc. MORIS 2007 Tech. Dig., pp. 41-42. , Pittsburgh; McDaniel, T.W., Ultimate limits to thermally assisted magnetic recording (2005) J. Phys.: Cond. Matter., 17, pp. R315-R332; Mansuripur, M., (1995) The Physical Principles of Magneto-Optical Recording, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; (1996) Handbook of Magneto-Optic Data Recording-Materials, , Subsystems, Techniques. New York: Noyes T. W. McDaniel R. Victora Eds; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., Switching of magnetization by nonlinear resonance studied in single nanoparticles (2003) Nature Mater, 2, pp. 524-527; Nozaki, Y., Ohta, M., Taharazako, S., Tateishi, K., Yoshimura, S., Matsuyama, K., Magnetic force microsopy study of microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in submicron-scale ferromagnetic particles (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, pp. 0825101-0825103; Podbielski, J., Heitmann, D., Microwave-assisted switching of microscopic rings: Correlation between nonlinear spin dynamics and critical microwave fields (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, pp. 2072021-2072024; Woltersdorf, G., Back, C.H., Microwave assisted switching of single domain Ni80Fe20 elements (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, pp. 2272071-2272074; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 125-131; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Microwave assisted magnetization reversal and its thermal activation (2008) Proc. HW-03, In- Termag, 2008. , Madrid, Spain, May 4-8; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Magnetization switching behavior with microwave assistance (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, p. 102506; Igarashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Miyamoto, H., Maruyama, Y., Shiroishi, Y., Mechanism of microwave assisted magnetic switching (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105 (1), pp. 1358-1360; Zhu, X., Zhu, J.-G., Bias-field-free microwave oscillator driven by perpendicularly polarized spin current (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (4), pp. 2670-2672. , Aug; Tang, Y., Zhu, J.-G., Narrow track confinement by AC field generation layer in microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3376-3379. , Nov; Tagawa, I., Williams, M., High density data-storage using shingled- write (2009) FA-02, INTERMAG 2009, , Sacramento, May; Greaves, S., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2009) Shingled Recording for 2-3 Tbit/in2, , presented at the FA-03, INTERMAG 2009, Sacramento, CA, May; http://www.sandisk.com/Corporate/PressRoom/PressReleases/PressRelease. aspx?ID=4427, Online; Gibson, G., Polte, M., (2009) Directions for Shingled-write and TDMRsystem Architectures: Synergies with Solid State Disks, , presented at the FA-06, INTERMAG 2009 Sacramento, CA, May; Tada, Y., Akasaka, S., Yoshida, H., Hasegawa, H., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Takenaka, M., (2008) Macromolecules, 41 (23), pp. 9267-9276},
correspondence_address1={Shiroishi, Y.; R and D Group, 2880 Kozu, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan; email: yoshihiro.shiroishi@hitachigst.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Smith20093554,
author={Smith, D.T. and Chang, L. and Rantschler, J.O. and Kalatsky, V. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Size distribution and anisotropy effects on the switching field distribution of Co/Pd multilayered nanostructure arrays},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3554-3557},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2025186},
art_number={5257284},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049145368&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2025186&partnerID=40&md5=e69ce6c90f78a8365b0a76fd726ea4e7},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Center for Integrated Nano System, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We use ion beam proximity lithography (IBPL) to produce 4 mm X 4 mm arrays of 220-nm dots in perpendicularly oriented Co/Pd multilayered media. A novel technique of overlapping neighbors is used with IBPL to generate samples with controllable size distribution σn of the nanoarrays. The switching field distributionσHcr /Hcr is measured for each sample before and after irradiation, and a linear relationship is experimentally found between σHcr /Hcr and σD Empirical calculations support our determination that self- demagnetization fields are responsible for a portion of the switching field distribution. Using the zero intercept of the experimental data, we find the inherent anisotropy distribution in the Co/Pd samples is on the order of 10%. We further irradiate the samples with He+ ions to alter the anisotropy and better understand the role of shape anisotropy. As interface anisotropy is reduced in the Co/Pd bit-patterned medium (BPM) samples, shape anisotropy has a much greater contribution on the switching field distribution of the BPM samples. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic multilayers;  Patterned magnetic arrays;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Ion beams;  Magnetic multilayers;  Size distribution;  Switching, Bit-patterned medium;  Empirical calculations;  Linear relationships;  Magnetic arrays;  Multilayered nanostructures;  Proximity lithographies;  Self-demagnetization;  Switching field distribution, Anisotropy},
funding_details={003652-0016-2007},
funding_details={0014-06-1-0121},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, 0926027, ECCS-0702752, ECCS-0821454, ECCS-0824215, ECS-0404308},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Center for Integrated Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, for enabling an efficient use of the Center resources and their superb technical support. They would also like to thank D. Weller of Seagate and P. Frank of INSIC for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ECS-0404308, ECCS-0824215, ECCS-0821454, and ECCS-0702752, by the Information Storage Industry Consortium, Texas Advanced Technology Program under Grant 003652-0016-2007, and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant 0014-06-1-0121).},
references={Litvinov, D., Parekh, V., Smith, D., Rantschler, J., Zhang, S., Donner, W., Lee, T.R., Khizroev, S., Design and fabrication of high anisotropy nanoscale bit-patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2007) ECS Trans., 25, pp. 249-258; Shaw, J., Rippard, W., Russek, S., Reith, T., Falco, C., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909; Kitade, Y., Komoriya, H., Maruyama, T., Patterned media fabricated by lithography and argon-ion milling (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2516-2518. , Jul; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Itabashi, M., Nakamura, N., Koike, K., Magnetic nanoparticle array with perpendicular crystal magnetic anisotropy (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 8327-8330; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96 (25), p. 257204; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.-H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 012506; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, P., Ruch- Hoeft, E., Svedberg, S., Litvinov, J.C.D., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082. , May; Kaesmaier, R., Loschner, H., Stengl, G., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Ion projection lithography: International development program (1999) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, 17, pp. 3091-3097. , Nov.-Dec; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Determination of resist exposure parameters in helium ion beam lithography: Absorbed energy gradient, contrast, and critical dose (2000) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, 18, pp. 3177-3180. , Nov.-Dec; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Ion beam aperture-array lithography (2001) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532. , Nov.-Dec; Parekh, V., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Nounu, H., Litvinov, D., Wolfe, J.C., Estimation of scattered particle exposure in ion beam aperture array lithography (2006) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, 24, pp. 2915-2919; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., (2001) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532; Parekh, V., Smith, D., Rantschler, J., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., He+ ion irradiation study of continuous and patterned Co/Pd multilayers (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 083904; Chen, D.X., Brug, J.A., Goldfarb, R.B., Demagnetizing factors for cylinders (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (4), pp. 3601-3619. , Jul; Parekh, V., Smith, D., C, S.E., Rantschler, J., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., He ion irradiation study of continuous and patterned Co/Pd multilayers (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101 (8), pp. 0839041-0839044. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: litvinov@uh.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20094984,
author={Li, H. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Numerical simulation of the head/disk interface for bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={11},
pages={4984-4989},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2029412},
art_number={5297540},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449381857&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2029412&partnerID=40&md5=37a21edfa6457fd80daed5e8d0244529},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Storage Mechanics Laboratory, Hitachi Asia Ltd., Singapore 049318, Singapore},
abstract={This investigation presents a numerical model and air bearing simulations of a femto-type slider flying over bit patterned media. It analyzes the characteristics of the air bearing pressure profile and the air bearing pressure gradient over the bit patterned area. The effect of the dimensions of the bit pattern on the flying characteristics of a typical femto-type slider is studied. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  Flying height;  Head disk interface},
keywords={Gas bearings, Air bearing;  Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Flying heights;  Head disk interface;  Head/disk interfaces, Numerical models},
references={Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete-track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fund., E76-A (7), pp. 1161-1163; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1967-1971; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 670-675; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3220-3222; Kawazoe, K., Yotsuya, M., Shimamura, T., Okada, K., Dynamics of flying head slider for grooved discrete track disk (1993) Proc. 1993 ISME Int. Conf. Advanced Mechatron., pp. 894-898. , Tokyo, Japan; Mitsuya, Y., A simulation method for hydrodynamic lubrication of surfaces with two-dimensional isotropic or anisotropic roughness using mixed average film thickness (1984) Bull. JSME, 27 (231), pp. 2036-2044; Mitsuya, Y., Ohkubo, T., Ota, H., Averaged Reynolds equation extended to gas lubrication processing surface roughness in the slip flow regime: Approximate method and confirmation experiments (1989) ASME J. Tribol., 111, pp. 495-503; Mitsuya, Y., Hayashi, T., Transient response of head slider when flying over textured magnetic disk media (1990) Proc. Jpn. Int. Tribol. Conf., 3, pp. 1941-1946. , Maruzen, Tokyo; Ohkubo, T., Mitsuya, Y., An experimental investigation of the effect of moving two-dimensional roughness on thin film gas-lubrication for flying head slider (1990) Proc. Jpn. Int. Tribol. Conf., 3, pp. 1329-1332. , Maruzen, Tokyo; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D.B., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, pp. 568-574; Murthy, A.N., Etsion, I., Talke, F.E., Analysis of surface textured air bearing sliders with rarefaction effects (2007) Tribol. Lett., 28, pp. 251-261; Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) ASME J. Tribol., 129, pp. 712-719; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 1023-1030; Peng, J.P., Wang, G., Thrivani, S., Chue, J., Nojaba, M., Thayamballi, P., Numerical and experimental evaluation of discrete track recording technology (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2462-2464; Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., The effect of grooves of discrete track recording media on the touch-down and take-off hysteresis of magnetic recording sliders THN-F4, ISPS2008, , Santa Clara, CA, Full paper submitted to Microsyst. Technol; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol. Lett., 33, pp. 199-204; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized Boltzmann equation: First report-Derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) ASME J. Tribol., 110, pp. 253-261; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of flying characteristics of magnetic heads with ultra-thin spacings based on the Boltzmann equation (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24 (6), pp. 2751-2753; Wahl, M., Lee, P., Talke, F.E., An efficient finite element-based air bearing simulator for pivoted slider bearings using bi-conjugate gradient algorithms (1996) STLE Tribol. Trans., 39 (1), pp. 130-138; Wu, L., Lubricant depletion due to slider-lubricant interaction in hard disk drives (2005) ASME Proc. 15th Ann. Conf. Inf. Storage and Process. Syst.; Kubotera, H., Bogy, D.B., Numerical simulation of molecularly thin lubricant film flow due to the air bearing slider in hard disk drives (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 859-865},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: hli@has.hitachi.com.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yuan20095038,
author={Yuan, Z.-M. and Liu, B. and Zhou, T. and Goh, C.K. and Ong, C.L. and Cheong, C.M. and Wang, L.},
title={Perspectives of magnetic recording system at 10 Tb/in2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={11},
pages={5038-5043},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2029599},
art_number={5297478},
note={cited By 25},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449339225&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2029599&partnerID=40&md5=ae6f2728e5be94954f1e1d908cfdaa27},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The magnetic recording technology started to face superparamagnetism at the areal density of a few 10s Gb/in2 [1]. To postpone this physical limitation, the recording configuration has to be changed by either increasing the write capability or reducing the grain number per bit. It had been switched from conventional longitudinal recording to perpendicular recording and will continue changing to other new recording configurations in the future. Beyond 1 Tb/in2 areal density, the recording system is possible to be either the energy-assisted magnetic recording (EAMR) or the bit patterned media (BPM). At 10 Tb/in 2 areal density, one of them alone may not be enough and most people believe that EAMR and BPM have to be combined together to make it happen. In this paper, we explore the possible recording configurations at 10 Tb/in2 and calculate the corresponding design parameters of the recording system. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Areal density;  Hard disk drive (HDD);  Magnetic recording system;  Superparamagnetism},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Recording instruments;  Superparamagnetism, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Energy assisted magnetic recordings;  Hard disk drives;  Longitudinal recording;  Magnetic recording systems;  Perpendicular recording;  Physical limitations, Magnetic recording},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan; Brown, W.F., Thermal fluctuations of a single-domain particle (1963) Phys. Rev., 130 (5), pp. 1677-1686. , Jun; Dickson, D.P.E., Reid, N.M.K., Hunt, C., Williams, H.D., Ei-Hilo, M., O'Grady, K., Determination of for fine magnetic particles (1993) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 125, pp. 345-350; Suh, H.J., Heo, C., You, C.Y., Kim, W., Lee, T.D., Lee, K.J., Attempt frequency of magnetization in nanomagnets with thin film geometry (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 064430; Fujita, N., Inaba, N., Kirino, F., Igarashi, S., Koike, K., Kato, H., Damping constant of Co/Pt multilayer thin-film media (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 3019-3022; Richter, H.J., Recent advances in the recording physics of thin-film media (1999) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 32, pp. R147-R168; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-41. , Jan; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , Oct; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fähler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fiedler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Dobina, A.Y., Richterb, H.J., Domain wall assisted magnetic recording (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09K108; Skomski, R., George, T.A., Sellmyer, D.J., Nucleation and wall motion in graded media (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F531; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in : HHHybrid recording? (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), pp. 5398-5403. , May; Kryder, M.H., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1810-1835. , Nov; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Zhou, T.J., Ng, K.W., Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., Leong, S.H., Trapping Electron Assisted Magnetic Recording, , U.S. Patent P72906US0, filed; Goh, C.K., Yuan, Z.M., Liu, B., Magnetization reversal in enclosed composite pattern media structure (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, p. 083920; Wood, R., Wilton, D.T., Readback responses in three dimensions for multilayered recording media configurations (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (7), pp. 1874-1890. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Yuan, Z.-M.; Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: yuan_zhimin@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suzuki20093749,
author={Suzuki, H. and Messner, W.C. and Bain, J.A. and Bhagavatula, V. and Nabavi, S.},
title={A method for simultaneous position and timing error detection for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3749-3752},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2021571},
art_number={5257217},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350616688&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2021571&partnerID=40&md5=302a2b88f006e07b88a41e414cbead5a},
affiliation={Magnetic Disk Drive Lab., Fujitsu Lab. Ltd., Atsugi 243-0197, Japan; Data Storage System Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, United States},
abstract={This paper presents a method for simultaneously detecting the position and timing error in bit patterned media (BPM). Conventionally the position error is determined only in the servo area while the timing error is determined in the data area. However, the regular spatial arrangement of bits in BPM allows position information and timing information to be extracted from the data. The new method exploits interference between adjacent tracks by employing a read head wider than the track pitch. The new method also provides the capability of reading data from two tracks at the same time. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Jitter detection;  Multiple bits read;  Patterned media;  Position detection},
keywords={Timing circuits, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Jitter detection;  Multiple bits;  Patterned medias;  Position detection;  Position information;  Spatial arrangements;  Timing error detection, Errors},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, R.J.M.V.D., Veerdonk, R.T., Lynch, J., Xuw, D., Brockie, K.Z., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 TB/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10). , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read head model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1). , Jan; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.A., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate three-dimensional head fields for perpenducular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1). , Jan; Ioannou, P.A., Kosmatopoulos, E.B., Despain, A.M., Position error signal estimation at high sampling rates using data and servo sector measurements (2003) IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 11 (3). , May; Ioannou, P.A., Xu, H., Fidan, B., Identification and high bandwidth control of hard disk drive servo systems based on sampled data measurements (2007) IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 15 (6). , Nov; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Bhattacharyya, M.K., Cross-track characteristics of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (2). , Mar; Wiesen, K., Cross, B., GMR head side-reading and bit aspect ratio (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5). , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Suzuki, H.; Magnetic Disk Drive Lab., , Atsugi 243-0197, Japan; email: suzuhirofj@jp.fujitsu.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Toyoda20093503,
author={Toyoda, N. and Hirota, T. and Nagato, K. and Tani, H. and Sakane, Y. and Hamaguchi, T. and Nakao, M. and Yamada, I.},
title={Planarization of Bit-Patterned Surface Using Gas Cluster Ion Beams},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3503-3506},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2023064},
art_number={5257111},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350608289&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2023064&partnerID=40&md5=6c1d4ac2eb969a83931c5631fb3a5afb},
affiliation={Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; Department of Engineering Synthesis School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, High Technology Research Center, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan; Western Digital Media Operations, San Jose, CA 95131, United States},
abstract={The planarization of the bit-patterned surface using gas cluster ion beams (GCIBs) was studied. By applying the features of gas cluster ions, such as low-energy irradiation and surface smoothing effects, it is possible to carry out effective smoothing of a patterned surface. We fabricated a dot pattern on the Si substrate as a model structure for bit-patterned media by electron beam lithography and inductive coupled plasma etching. A carbon overcoat covered the Si dots. On Ar-GCIB irradiation at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV, the Si dots with a diameter of 150 nm were planarized. The required ion dose for planarization was 5 x 1014 ions/cm2. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images showed that only the carbon overcoat layer was planarized without a change in the structure of Si dots. Etching depth of the overcoat increased linearly with the ion dose, indicating good reproducibility of the method with precise control of residual thickness. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Gas cluster ion beam (GCIB);  Hard disks;  Ion-beam applications;  Smoothing methods},
keywords={Carbon;  Electron beam lithography;  Hard disk storage;  Ion beam assisted deposition;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Silicon;  Transmission electron microscopy, Acceleration voltages;  Bit-patterned media;  Gas cluster ion beams;  Inductive coupled plasma;  Ion-beam applications;  Low energy irradiation;  Smoothing methods;  Transmission electron, Ion beams},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC). The groove patterns were fabricated by using an electron-beam writer, F5112 VD01 (Advantest Corporation) at the VLSI Design and Education Center (VDEC), the University of Tokyo. The authors would like to thank Prof. Y. Mita and Y. Imai of The University of Tokyo for their technical discussions.},
references={Dobisz, E.A., Bandic, Z.Z., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T., Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives (2008) Proc. IEEE, 96 (11), pp. 1836-1846. , Nov; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of dicrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2510-2515. , Jul; Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Gas cluster ion beam equipment and applications for surface processing (2008) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36 (4 PART 2), pp. 1471-1488; Insepov, Z., Yamada, I., Computer simulation of crystal surface modification by accelerated cluster ion impacts (1997) Nucl. Instr. Meth. B, 121, pp. 44-48; Kakuta, S., Sasaki, S., Furusawa, K., Seki, T., Aoki, T., Matsuo, J., Low damage smoothing of magnetic materials using off-normal gas cluster ion beam irradiation (2007) Surface and Coatings Technology, 201 (19-20 SPEC. ISSUE), pp. 8632-8636. , DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.064, PII S0257897207002435; Hautra, J., Gwinn, M., Skinner, W., Shao, Y., Productivity enhancements for shallow junctions and DRAM applications using infusion doping (2006) Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Ion Implantation Technol., pp. 174-177. , Marseille, France, Jun; Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Optical thin film formation by oxygen cluster ion beam assisted depositions (2004) Appl. Surf. Sci., 226, pp. 231-236; Toyoda, N., Matsuo, J., Aoki, T., Yamada, I., Fenner, D.B., Secondary ion mass spectrometry with gas cluster ion beams (2003) Appl. Surf. Sci., 203, pp. 214-218; Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Toyoda, N., Yamada, I., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Study of gas cluster ion beam planarization for discrete track magnetic disks (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11 PART 2), pp. 3476-3479. , Nov; Toyoda, N., Nagato, K., Tani, H., Sakane, Y., Nakao, M., Hamaguchi, T., Yamada, I., Planarization of amorphous carbon films on patterned substrates using gas cluster ion beams (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C12713},
correspondence_address1={Toyoda, N.; Graduate School of Engineering, , Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan; email: ntoyoda@incub.u-hyogo.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nabavi20093523,
author={Nabavi, S. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Bain, J.A. and Hogg, C. and Majetich, S.A.},
title={Application of image processing to characterize patterning noise in self-assembled nano-masks for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3523-3526},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022493},
art_number={5257128},
note={cited By 48},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350589626&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2022493&partnerID=40&md5=7ab3cec871d23704dea2a67c2a8d4e3b},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={In bit-patterned media (BPM), media noise is expected to be dominated by fabrication imperfections and to manifest as island size and spacing fluctuations. Previous work has shown that media noise has a significant impact on the error rates of BPM channels. Thus, having a realistic model of media noise is essential to evaluate the performance of the BPM channels. In this work, we apply image processing techniques to a scanning electron microscope image of a candidate BPM nano-mask, produced by a self-assembly technique, to estimate likely size and location fluctuations of the islands. These statistics may also be useful to characterize the samples of candidate BPM masks. We assume that these observed fluctuations are representative of patterning noise that might result from such a mask. The results indicate that these fluctuations are correlated and can be modeled by Gaussian random processes. Using estimated characteristics of islands size and location fluctuations, we model the correlated media noise and investigate the performance of BPM channels in the presence of such correlated media noise. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Correlated noise;  Media noise},
keywords={Random processes, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Correlated noise;  Fabrication imperfections;  Gaussian random process;  Image processing technique;  Media noise;  Self-assembly technique, Scanning electron microscopy},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veer-Donk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3792. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Yuanjing, S., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Huan, D., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (8), pp. 1964-1966. , Aug; Sachan, M., Bonnoit, C., Hogg, C., Evarts, E., Bain, J.A., Majetich, S.A., Park, J.H., Zhu, J.G., Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays as nanomasks for pattern transfer (2008) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, pp. 134001-134005; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Borgefors, G., Distance transformations in digital images (1986) Computer Vision Graphics, and Image Processing, 34 (3), pp. 344-371; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Feb; Coker, J.D., Eleftheriou, E., Galbraith, R.L., Hirt, W., Noise-predictive maximum likelihood (NPML) detection (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (1), pp. 110-116. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: snabavi@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kalezhi20093531,
author={Kalezhi, J. and Miles, J.J. and Belle, B.D.},
title={Dependence of switching fields on island shape in bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3531-3534},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022407},
art_number={5257185},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350589606&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2022407&partnerID=40&md5=11246e12f5492e372e79942b5d8ad96c},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, School of Technology, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia},
abstract={Nanofabricated islands in bit patterned media (BPM) for magnetic data storage tend to vary in shape, size, and material properties which leads to variations in switching fields, causing write errors. In a working system, write errors will be rare, and therefore, an efficient analytic model is preferable to a micromagnetic model. An analytic model has been developed that calculates magnetometric (volume averaged) demagnetizing factors and predicts switching fields for different island shapes, particularly islands that can be described as truncated elliptic cones, since variants of this geometry can represent real islands. The model has been shown to agree well with micro- magnetic simulations for various island shapes with fields at various angles to the perpendicular. Switching field calculations reveal that 4 : 1 aspect ratio islands may be more prone to adjacent track erasure compared to those with lower aspect ratios and that islands with slanted side walls were easier to reverse compared to cylindrical ones. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  Magnetic recording;  Magnetometric demagnetizing factors;  Shape demagnetizing factors;  Switching field distribution (SFD)},
keywords={Analytical models;  Aspect ratio;  Cones;  Digital storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism, Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Demagnetizing factors;  Magnetometric demagnetizing factors;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Switching field distribution, Switching},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by EPSRC under Grant EP/E017657/1.},
references={Weller Dieter, Moser Andreas, Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , DOI 10.1109/20.809134; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on BPM at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Yuanjing, S., Belle, B.D., Miles, J.J., Understanding sources of errors in BPM to improve read channel performance (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3797-3800. , Nov; Scholz, W., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Dittrich, R., Forster, H., Tsiantos, V., Scalable parallel micromagnetic solvers for magnetic nanos- tructures (2003) Comput. Mater. Sci., 28, pp. 366-383. , Oct; Schöberl, J., NETGEN An advancing front 2D/3D-mesh generator based on abstract rules (1997) Comput. Visual. Sci., 1, pp. 41-52. , July; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., Temperature dependent remanence loops of ion-milled BPM (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, pp. 3468-3471. , Nov; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Pilet, N., Ashworth, T.V., Hill, E.W., Nutter, P.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., High resolution magnetic force microscopy study of e-beam lithography patterned Co/Pt nanodots (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09F517. , May; Beleggia, M., De Graef, M., On the computation of the demagnetization tensor field for an arbitrary particle shape using a Fourier space approach (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 263, pp. L1-L9. , Jul; Beleggia, M., De Graef, M., Millev, Y.T., Goode, D.A., Rowlands, G., Demagnetization factors for elliptic cylinders (2005) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 38, pp. 3333-3342. , Sep; Tandon, S., Beleggia, M., Zhu, Y., De Graef, M., On the computation of the demagnetization tensor for uniformly magnetized particles of arbitrary shape. Part I: Analytical approach (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 271, pp. 9-26. , Apr; Miller, A.R., (1986) An Incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel Integral of K0. Part 1. Washington, , DC: Naval Research Laboratory; Dvorak, S.L., Kuester, E.F., Numerical computation of the incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integral Je 0 (a, z) (1990) J. Comput. Phys., 87, pp. 301-327. , Apr; Gradshteyn, I.S., Ryzhik, I.M., (1994) Tables of Integrals, Series and Prod- Ucts, 5th Ed., , New York: Academic; Aharoni, A., (2000) Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism, pp. 109-132. , J. Birman, Ed. et al. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press},
correspondence_address1={Kalezhi, J.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: kalezhij@cs.man.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bashir20093851,
author={Bashir, M.A. and Schrefl, T. and Suess, D. and Dean, J. and Goncharov, A. and Hrkac, G. and Belkadi, M. and Allwood, D.A. and Fidler, J.},
title={Exchange coupled bit patterned media under the influence of RF-field pulses},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3851-3854},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2023621},
art_number={5257059},
note={cited By 9},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350586877&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2023621&partnerID=40&md5=227be21e52e232eaa24e39f078d4d38f},
affiliation={Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; St. Polten University of Applied Sciences, St. Polten, Austria State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria},
abstract={In this work, we have studied the switching of single phase material and exchange spring bit patterned islands under the influence of a microwave field. Micromagnetic simulations shows that the reduction of the switching field owing to a microwave assist field is most effective for an optimal value of the Gilbert damping constant of 0.05. The microwave assist field changes the angle dependence of the switching field. With increasing field angle the switching field can be reduced to 25% of the switching field at zero field angle. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Index Terms-Bit patterned media;  Microwave-assisted recording;  Switching behavior},
keywords={Microwaves, Bit-patterned media;  Exchange coupled;  Exchange springs;  Gilbert damping constant;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Microwave-assisted recording;  Single-phase materials;  Switching behaviors, Switching},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the EPSRC and INSIC EHDR program.},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfed, J., Kubota, Y., Li, B.L.L., Yang, X.M., Heat assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2417-2421. , Oct; Zhu, J.G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave-assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 125-131. , Jan; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, pp. 0125041-0125043. , Jun; Li, S.P., Gao, K.Z., Wang, L., Zhu, W., Wang, X., (2007) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media with Magnetic Anisotropy/ Coercivity Gradient and Local Exchange Coupling, 29. , U.S. Patent 20070072011, Mar; Scholz, W., Batra, S., Micromagnetic modeling of ferromagnetic resonance assisted switching (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07F539. , Mar; Bashir, M.A., Schrefl, T., Dean, J., Goncharov, A., Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Allwood, D., Suess, D., Microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in exchange spring media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3519-3522. , Nov; Nozaki, Y., Tateishi, K., Taharazako, S., Ohta, M., Yoshimura, S., Matsuyama, K., Microwave-assisted magnetization reversal in 0.36-m-wide permalloy wires (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 122505. , Sept; Bin Mohamad, Z., Shirai, M., Sone, H., Hosaka, S., Kodera, M., For-rmation of dot arrays with a pitch of 20 nm × 20 nm for patterned media using 30 kev EB drawing on thin calixarene resist (2008) Nanotechnology, 19, p. 025301; Numerical methods in micromag-netics (finite element method) (2007) Handbook of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2, pp. 765-794. , T. Schrefl, G. Hrkac, S. Bance, D. Suess, O. Ertl, and J. Fidler, H. Kro-nmuller and S. S. P. Parkin, Eds. Hoboken: Wiley; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Forster, H., Fidler, J., A path method for finding energy barriers and minimum energy paths in complex micromagnetic systems (2002) JMMM, 250, pp. 12-19. , May; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., Switching of magnetization by nonlinear resonance studied in single nanoparticles (2003) Nature Mater., 2, p. 524. , Aug; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , June; Richter, Al, E., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Schrefl, T., Roitner, H., Fidler, J., Dynamic micromagnetics of nanocomposite NdFeB-magnets (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, pp. 5567-5569},
correspondence_address1={Bashir, M. A.; Engineering Materials, , Sheffield, United Kingdom; email: m.bashir@shef.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Myint20093691,
author={Myint, L.M.M. and Supnithi, P. and Tantaswadi, P.},
title={An inter-track interference mitigation technique using partial ITI estimation in patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3691-3694},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022638},
art_number={5257126},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350585374&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2022638&partnerID=40&md5=84cb0f8f521cfce8bff8b421b29cbc2c},
affiliation={School of Technology, Shinawatra University, Samkok, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand; I/U CRC in Data Storage Technology and Applications and Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand},
abstract={The readback signal of patterned media storage (PMS) is corrupted by a two-dimensional interference consisting of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI). In this paper, we apply the turbo equalization to mitigate the ITI effects. The codeword of the outer code is divided and then written on three separate tracks. After the first iteration, the bit estimates from the outer code provide partial ITI estimates for the branch metric computation in the soft-output viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detectors. Unlike previous works, the number of states of the channel trellis is due to the ISI only since the ITI information is not embedded in the parallel branches. When compared with the modified SOVA detectors with multi-parallel branches, simulation results show that a significant performance gain is achieved by our proposed method. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Inter-track interference (ITI);  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code;  Multi-track detection;  Patterned media storage (PMS);  Soft-output viterbi algorithm (SOVA);  Turbo equalization},
keywords={Equalizers;  Forward error correction;  Intersymbol interference;  Iterative methods, Inter-track interferences;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Multi-track detections;  Patterned medias;  Soft-output Viterbi algorithm;  Turbo equalizations, Viterbi algorithm},
funding_details={Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen University, KKU},
funding_details={National Science and Technology Development AgencyNational Science and Technology Development Agency, NSTDA},
funding_details={National Electronics and Computer Technology CenterNational Electronics and Computer Technology Center, NECTEC},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr. K. Sterckx, Shinawatra University, and anonymous reviewers for suggestions to improve this manuscript. This work was supported by Industry/ University Cooperative Research Center (I/U CRC) in HDD Component, the Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University and National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand.},
references={Hughes, G., Read channel for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Kumar, V., Zhu, J.G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276. , Jun; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Nabavi, S., Kumar, V., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), pp. 6249-6254; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low- density parity-check codes (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (10), pp. 3925-3929. , Oct; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Forney Jr., G.D., Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in the presence of intersymbol interference (1972) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-18 (3), pp. 363-378. , May; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., Equalization and detection for patterned media recording (2008) Intermag 2008, HT10, pp. 507-511; Douillard, C., Iterative correction of inter-symbol interference: Turbo equalization (1995) Eur. Trans. Telecommun., 6 (5), p. 1518. , Sep; Vucetic, B., Yuan, J., (2000) Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications, , 2nd ed. Norwell, MA: Kluwer},
correspondence_address1={Supnithi, P.; I/U CRC in Data Storage Technology and Applications and Faculty of Engineering, , Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; email: ksupornc@kmitl.ac.th},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aniya20093539,
author={Aniya, M. and Mitra, A. and Shimada, A. and Sonobe, Y. and Ouchi, T. and Greaves, S.J. and Homma, T.},
title={Magnetic properties of patterned cgc perpendicular films with soft magnetic fillings},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3539-3542},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2023868},
art_number={5257057},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350582934&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2023868&partnerID=40&md5=679571dee736e1699a2a8dd991a3db55},
affiliation={R and D Center, MD Division, HOYA Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-8525, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={To increase the areal density of hard disk drives (HDDs), discrete track media (DTM) and bit-patterned media (BPM) are being extensively studied. In the DTM and BPM, it is essential to isolate data tracks or bits. Unlike isolating the data tracks or bits using the conventional procedure involving physical etching, we attempted to isolate the tracks or bits with a soft guard band using an area-selective ion irradiation method. We prepared hard and soft (H/S) patterned films by nanoimprinting followed by ion irradiation. We confirmed the magnetic isolation of tracks and bits using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images and magnetooptical Kerr effect (MOKE) signals. The results of an analysis of the magnetic properties of patterned coupled granular continuous (CGC) films with weak exchange coupling confirmed the validity of this novel approach for the fabrication of DTM and BPM. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Discrete-track media;  Exchange coupling;  Index Terms-Coupled granular continuous (CGC) films;  Ion irradiation;  Magnetic modification;  Patterned media},
keywords={Digital storage;  Etching;  Ion bombardment;  Ion exchange;  Ions;  Kerr magnetooptical effect;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Nanoimprint lithography, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Discrete track media;  Index terms;  Irradiation methods;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Magnetic modification;  Magneto-optical Kerr effects;  Patterned medias, Exchange coupling},
references={Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1963-1971; Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Folks, L., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Patterning magnetic films by ion beam irradiation (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 7004; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922. , June; Suharyadi, E., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Magnetic properties of patterned Co/Pd nanostructures by E-beam lithography and Ga ion irradiation (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2972-2974; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Schabes, M., Takano, K., Zeltzer, G., Yen, B.K., Nakamura, Y., Thermal stability and SNR of coupled granular/continuous media (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37, pp. 1667-1670. , DOI 10.1109/20.950932, PII S0018946401058216; Sonobe, Y., Muraoka, H., Miura, K., Nakamura, Y., Takano, K., Moser, A., Do, H., Weresin, W., Thermally stable CGC perpendicular recording media with Pt-rich CoPtCr and thin Pt layers (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2006-2011; Tham, K.K., Sonobe, Y., Wago, K., Magnetic and read-write properties of coupled granular/continuous perpendicular recording media and magnetization reversal process (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (2), pp. 671-675; Muraoka, H., Sonobe, Y., Miura, K., Goodman, A.M., Nakamura, Y., Analysis on magnetization transition of CGC perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38, pp. 1632-1636. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017747, PII S0018946402056753; Yasumori, J., Sonobe, Y., Greaves, S.J., Tham, K.K., Approach to high-density recording using CGC structure (2009) IEEE Trans. Magn., 45 (2), pp. 850-855; Yamaoka, T., Watanabe, K., Shirakawabe, Y., Chinone, K., Saitoh, E., Tanaka, M., Miyajima, H., Applications of high-resolution MFM system with low-moment probe in a vacuum (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3733-3735},
correspondence_address1={Aniya, M.; R and D Center, , Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-8525, Japan; email: Masanori_Aniya@sngw.rdc.hoya.co.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ng20093535,
author={Ng, Y. and Cai, K. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Zhang, S. and Chong, T.C.},
title={Modeling and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media channels with media noise},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3535-3538},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2024427},
art_number={5257336},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350581114&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2024427&partnerID=40&md5=df5b01537225c3472e6e483ba96beee8},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute (DSI), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={In this paper, we first propose a simple but general analytical channel model for bit-patterned media (BPM) systems. It facilitates the generation of accurate readback signals with a large amount of media noise, as well as the analytical design of equalizer and channel partial response (PR) target. We further propose an analytical approach to jointly design the two-dimensional (2-D) equalizer with one- dimensional (1-D) channel PR target for BPM systems with media noise, according to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion with monic constraint. Simulation results show that the proposed 2-D equalizer with 1-D target based approach achieves significant performance gain over the system designed without considering media noise. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D island pulse response;  Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interference;  Media noise;  Two-dimensional equalization},
keywords={Mean square error, Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Pulse response;  Two-dimensional equalization, Equalizers},
references={Richter, H.J., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun (ICC), pp. 6249-6254. , Jun; Zhang, S.H., Qin, Z.L., Zou, X.X., Signal modeling for ultrahigh density bit-patterned media and performance evaluation (2008) Proc. Intermag, pp. 1516-1517. , Dig. Technical Papers, May 2008; Nabavi, S., (2008) Signal Processing for Bit-Patterned Media with Inter-Track Interference, , Ph.D. Dissertation, Elect. Comput. Eng. Dept., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , Jan; Keskinoz, M., Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (4), pp. 533-539. , Apr; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Bain, J.A., Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3789-3892. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Ng, Y.; Data Storage Institute (DSI), 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: yibinn@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20093753,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H.},
title={A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system in magnetic recording system using bit-patterned medium with write error},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3753-3756},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022331},
art_number={5257335},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350581111&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2022331&partnerID=40&md5=870b1d724edf6ad1614d6160391997f3},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Institution for Collaborative Relations, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system is studied in the magnetic recording system using a bit-patterned medium (BPM). The magnetic recording system using BPM has a serious problem of requiring precise write synchronization to correctly write the recording sequence on each intended island. In this paper, an error locator using the parity-check matrix of LDPC code is utilized to curb the influence of write error on the iterative decoding process. The performance of the proposed system with the error locator is evaluated by computer simulation for magnetic recording system using BPM with synchronization write error at a recording density of 2 Tb/in2, and it is compared with a conventional Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding and decoding system. The results show that the proposed system provides better performance. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned medium (BPM);  Iterative decoding;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code;  Write error},
keywords={Errors;  Forward error correction;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Matrix algebra;  Recording instruments, Bit-patterned medium;  Encoding and decoding;  Error locators;  Low density parity check coding;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Magnetic recording systems;  Parity check matrices;  Recording density, Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 21360188},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr. B. Kurkoski of the University of Electro-Communications, Japan, and Dr. M. Z. Ahhmed of the University of Plymouth, U.K., for their helpful advice. This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid of the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan, and Gant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 21360188.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in2 (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3430-3433. , Nov; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; Morita, T., Sato, Y., Sugawara, T., ECC-less LDPC coding for magnetic recording channels (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2304-2306. , Sep; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10P1081-10P1083. , May; Yasui, N., Ichihara, S., Nakamura, T., Imada, A., Saito, T., Ohashi, Y., Den, T., Fabrication of 1 Tdots/in2 patterned media with anodic alumina technique (2008) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 32 (4), pp. 451-454. , Apr; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veer-Donk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., COM-14, pp. 67-68. , Feb; Sawaguchi, H., Kondou, M., Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Concatenated error correction coding for high-order PRML channels (1998) Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 2694-2699; Kschischang, F.R., Frey, B.J., Loeliger, H., Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 498-519. , Feb; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., A new burst detection scheme using parity check matrix of LDPC code for bit flipping burst-like signal degradation (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (11), pp. 3773-3776. , Nov; Reed, I.S., Solomon, G., Polynomial codes over certain finite fields (1960) J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math., 8 (2), pp. 300-304. , Jun; Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Burst detection by parity check matrix of LDPC code for perpendicular magnetic recording using bit-patterned medium (2008) Proc. ISITA, 62, pp. 100-105. , Auckland, New Zealand, Dec; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Iterative decoding algorithm using attenuated information in PMR with bit-patterned medium (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (22), pp. 3132-3135. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; email: naka-mura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Livshitz20093519,
author={Livshitz, B. and Inomata, A. and Bertram, H.N.},
title={Semi-analytical approach for analysis of BER in conventional and staggered bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3519-3522},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2022501},
art_number={5257345},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350577032&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2022501&partnerID=40&md5=e8f3d84d72a685b59f732b5f511683aa},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Storage Systems Laboratories, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan; Hitachi GST, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={We present a semi-analytical approach for the analysis of synchronization in bit patterned media (BPM) recording. The analysis is based on full numerical micromagnetic calculations of the reversal surfaces of separate BPM element. These reversal surfaces are used to define writing window zones for correct recording in BPM element arrays. The simulations show that staged media lead to improved performance and larger writing window zones (WWZs). The presented model and results are important for estimating BPM designs in terms of density, bit-error rates (BERs), and performance. ©2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-error rate (BER);  Magnetic recording;  Patterned media},
keywords={Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Element array;  Micromagnetic calculations;  Patterned medias;  Reversal surface;  Semi-analytical approaches, Bit error rate},
references={Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Hu, G., Patterned media for future magnetic data storage (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13, pp. 189-196; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Fullerton, E.E., Jiang, J.S., Grimsditch, M., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bi- layers (1998) Phys. Rev. B., 58, p. 12193; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, pp. 125041-125043; Dobin, A., Richter, H.J., Domain wall assisted magnetic recording (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, pp. 625121-625123; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., Diskrecording beyond 100Gb/in2: Hybrid recording? (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), pp. 5398-5403; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., Switching of magnetization by nonlinear resonance studied in single nanoparticles (2003) Nature Mater, 2, pp. 524-527; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, N.H., Lomakin, V., Precessional reversal in exchange-coupled composite magnetic elements (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 182502; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 162502; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution ofmagnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Let., 96, p. 257204; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Weller, D.K., (2006) Data Storage Device with bit Patterned Media with Staggered Islands; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Full micromagnetics of recording on patterned media (2006) Phys. B., 372, pp. 312-315; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. 2880-2884; Livshitz, B., Inomata, A., Bertram, H.N., Lomakin, V., Analysis of recording in bit patterned media (BPM) with parameter distributions (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 105, pp. 07C111},
correspondence_address1={Livshitz, B.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States; email: livshitz@ece.ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li20093616,
author={Li, H. and Zheng, H. and Amemiya, K. and Talke, F.E.},
title={Numerical simulation of a "spherical Pad" slider flying over bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={10},
pages={3616-3619},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2021413},
art_number={5257050},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350576755&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2021413&partnerID=40&md5=9baf42c28f2c77e8db6d42600dfc84ef},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; Storage Mechanics Laboratory, Hitachi Asia Ltd., 049318 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={Bit patterned media are being studied as a promising approach for achieving storage densities beyond 1 Tb/in2 in magnetic recording disk drives. In this investigation we study the flying characteristics of a so-called "spherical pad slider" where a spherical pad is implemented on the top of the trailing pad of a traditional slider. We numerically simulate the flying characteristics and slider attitude of the spherical pad slider and compare this design with a traditional slider flying over the same bit patterned media. The effect of the design parameters of the bit pattern and the spherical pad on the flying characteristics is investigated. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Flying height;  Head disk interface},
keywords={Magnetic disk storage, Bit patterns;  Bit-patterned media;  Design parameters;  Flying heights;  Head disk interface;  Magnetic recording disks;  Spherical pad slider;  Storage densities, Spheres},
references={Ono, K., (2006) Flying Head Slider, , Japan P2005-31007, Jul 27; Shimizu, Y., Ono, K., Xu, J.G., Tsuchiyama, R., Anan, H., Study of a spherical pad head slider for stable low-clearance recording in near- contact regime (2008) Tribol. Lett., 30, pp. 161-167; Li, H., Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Shimizu, Y., Ono, K., Yoshida, S., Numerical simulation of touchdown/takeoff hysterisis of sphere-pad slider by considering the liquid bridge between the slider and lubricant-disk Proc. IJTC2008-71010, , Miami; Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., Discrete-track magnetic disk using embossed substrate (1993) IEICE Trans. Fundam., E76-A (7), pp. 1161-1163; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., Feasibility of discrete track perpendicular media for high track density recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1967-1971. , Aug; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable dis crete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 670-675. , Feb; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Kaizu, A., Takai, M., Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3220-3222. , Oct; Kawazoe, K., Yotsuya, M., Shimamura, T., Okada, K., Dynamics of flying head slider for grooved discrete track disk (1993) Proc. 1993 ISME Int. Conf. on Adv. Mechatron., pp. 894-898. , Tokyo, Japan; Mitsuya, Y., A simulation method for hydrodynamic lubrication of surfaces with two-dimensional isotropic or anisotropic roughness using mixed average film thickness (1984) Bull. JSME, 27 (231), pp. 2036-2044; Mitsuya, Y., Ohkubo, T., Ota, H., Averaged Reynolds equation extended to gas lubrication processing surface roughness in the slip flow regime: Approximate method and confirmation experiments (1989) ASME J. Tribol., 111, pp. 495-503; Mitsuya, Y., Hayashi, T., Transient response of head slider when flying over textured magnetic disk media (1990) Proc. Jpn. Int. Tribol. Conf., 3, pp. 1941-1946. , Tokyo Maruzen; Ohkubo, T., Mitsuya, Y., An experimental investigation of the effect of moving two-dimensional roughness on thin film gas-lubrication for flying head slider (1990) Proc. Jpn. Int. Tribol. Conf., 3, pp. 1329-1332. , Tokyo, Maruzen; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D.B., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, pp. 568-574; Murthy, A.N., Etsion, I., Talke, F.E., Analysis of surface textured air bearing sliders with rarefaction effects (2007) Tribol. Lett., 28, pp. 251-261; Li, J.H., Xu, J.G., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) ASME J. Tribol., 129, pp. 712-719; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491. , Oct; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Mi- Crosyst. Technol., 13, pp. 1023-1030; Peng, J.P., Wang, G., Thrivani, S., Chue, J., Nojaba, M., Thayamballi, P., Numerical and experimental evaluation of discrete track recording technology (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2462-2464. , Oct; Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., The effect of grooves of discrete track recording media on the touch-down and take-off hysteresis of magnetic recording sliders Microsyst Technol., , submitted for publication; Li, H., Zheng, H., Yoon, Y., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation for bit patterned media (2009) Tribol. Lett., 33 (3), pp. 199-204; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on linearized Boltzmann equation: First report-Derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) ASME J. Tribol., 110, pp. 253-261; Wahl, M., Lee, P., Talke, F.E., An efficient finite element-based air bearing simulator for pivoted slider bearings using bi-conjugate gradient algorithms (1996) STLE Tribol. Trans., 39 (1), pp. 130-138},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: hli@has.hitachi.com.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guo20092686,
author={Guo, V.W. and Lee, H.-S. and Luo, Y. and Moneck, M.T. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Effects of the crystalline structure on the switching field and its distribution of bit patterned Co/Pt multilayer media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={6},
pages={2686-2689},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2018640},
art_number={4957793},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-66549111880&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2018640&partnerID=40&md5=837a1b6245319771ba9e78f7d3681050},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon 443-743, South Korea},
abstract={We studied the effects of medium microstructure on the switching field (SF) and its distribution (SFD). Specifically, quasi-single crystalline and polycrystalline Co/Pt based multilayers, chosen for its high perpendicular anisotropy and high exchange coupling, have been prepared via sputtering technique. The quasi-single crystalline was achieved by utilizing an Ag underlayer. Using electron-beam lithography, films were patterned into arrays of small islands, ranging from 1μm to 0.050 m (= 50 nm) in size. The hysteresis loop for the both types of film, as unpatterned, showed similar anisotropy field and coercivity whereas, as patterned, the quasi-single crystalline samples consistently exhibited a higher SF than that of the polycrystalline samples. However, the interpretation on the SFD was rather complex. Additionally, a critical size where remanent magnetization changes a multi domain to a single domain state appeared to be notably smaller for the polycrystalline samples than that for the quasi-single crystal samples, suggesting a different nucleation volume in the films. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Co/Pt multilayers;  Medium microstructure;  Switching field (SF);  Switching field distribution (SFD)},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Electron beam lithography;  Microstructure;  Single crystals;  Switching, Co/Pt multilayer;  Crystalline structure;  High perpendicular anisotropy;  Polycrystalline samples;  Remanent magnetization;  Sputtering techniques;  Switching field;  Switching field distribution, Multilayers},
funding_details={Carnegie Mellon UniversityCarnegie Mellon University, CMU},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Data Storage Systems Center of Carnegie Mellon University. One of the authors would like to thank D. Liu for her help on the patterning process.},
references={Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96, p. 257204; Zhu, J.-G., Peng, Y., Laughlin, D.E., Toward an understanding of grain-to-grain anisotropy field variation in thin film media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (2), pp. 543-548. , Feb; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 101, p. 023909; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 222512; Chappert, C., Bruno, P., Magnetic anisotropy in metallic ultrathin films and related experiments on cobalt films (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 64, pp. 5736-5741; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., Growth, structural, and magnetic properties of high coercivity Co/Pt multilayers (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 89, pp. 7525-7527; Gong, H., Rao, M., Laughlin, D.E., Lambeth, D.N., Highly oriented perpendicular Co-alloy media on Si(111) substrates (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 85, pp. 4699-4701; Moneck, M.T., Zhu, J.-G., Che, X., Tang, Y., Lee, H.J., Zhang, S., Moon, K.-S., Takahashi, N., Fabrication of flyable perpendicular discrete track media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2127-2129. , Jun; Guo, V.W., unpublished},
correspondence_address1={Guo, V. W.; Data Storage Systems Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: wguo@an-drew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa20092682,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Gandhi, R. and Srinivasan, K. and Piramanayagam, S.N. and Seoh, R.M.},
title={Intermediate layer thickness dependence on switching field distribution in perpendicular recording media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2009},
volume={321},
number={17},
pages={2682-2684},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.082},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65749083330&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2009.03.082&partnerID=40&md5=4b697eae0cf6d8599fb2041ea61e6fa8},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 5 Engineering Dr. 1, Singapore-117 608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore},
abstract={The effect of intermediate layer (IL) thickness on crystallographic texture and magnetic properties of CoCrPtSiO2 granular perpendicular recording media was investigated with switching field distribution (SFD) as the focus. Even though the c-axis orientation of the Co-based recording layer (RL) broadens with the reduction of IL thickness, the SFD becomes narrower. This result demonstrates that the intrinsic SFD is not directly dependent on c-axis orientation of the recording layer but instead dependent on the magnitude of exchange coupling. It is thus possible to have a medium with thin IL and narrow SFD. This is desirable for bit-patterned media (BPM), where highly exchange-coupled grains are required. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Intermediate layer;  Perpendicular recording media;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Chromium compounds;  Platinum compounds;  Silicon compounds, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  C-axis orientations;  Crystallographic textures;  Exchange coupled;  Intermediate layers;  Perpendicular recording media;  Recording layers;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic recording},
references={520 Gbits/in2 demonstration by Western Digital in October 2007 (see press release at 〈www.wdc.com〉); 610 Gbits/in2 demonstration by Hitachi and presented at TMRC 2008; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301; Kwon, U., Sinclair, R., Velu, E.M.T., Malhotra, S., Bertero, G., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3193; Mukai, R., Uzumaki, T., Tanaka, A., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N119; Park, S.H., Kim, S.O., Lee, T.D., Oh, H.S., Kim, Y.S., Park, N.Y., Hong, D.H., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08E701; Piramanayagam, S.N., Pock, C.K., Lu, L., Ong, C.Y., Shi, J.Z., Mah, C.S., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 162504; Inaba, Y., Shimatsu, T., Oikawa, T., Sato, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2486; Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3178; Berger, A., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08E705; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Winklhofer, M., Zimanyi, G.T., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08E710; van de Veerdonk, R.J.M., Wu, X., Weller, D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2450; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Srinivasan, K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Sbiaa, R., Chantrell, R., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, p. 3041; Park, S.H., Kim, S.O., Lee, T.D., Oh, H.S., Kim, Y.S., Park, N.Y., Hong, D.H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, pp. 08E701; Liu, Y., Dahmen, K.A., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 77, p. 054422; Liu, Y., Dahmen, K.A., Berger, A., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, p. 222503; Roy, A.G., Jeong, S., Laughlin, D.E., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2018},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Dr. 1, Singapore-117 608, Singapore; email: Rachid_SBIAA@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu20092292,
author={Xu, B. and Yang, J. and Yuan, H. and Zhang, J. and Zhang, Q. and Chong, T.},
title={Thermal effects in heat assisted bit patterned media recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={5},
pages={2292-2295},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2009.2016466},
art_number={4815969},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65349152450&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2009.2016466&partnerID=40&md5=83194cb8a6d9adeb4008275a928825a9},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore},
abstract={It is a big challenge to achieve recording density of 10 Tb/in2 for magnetic recording. Two promising technologies have been proposed for achieving density beyond 1 Tb/in2 : heat assisted magnetic recording and bit patterned media. Owing to limitation of minimum media grain size or requirement of higher writing magnetic field, the densities of both technologies are still limited at below 5 Tb/in2. There is a need for new technology to push the density towards 5 Tb/in2 and beyond. Heat assisted bit patterned media recording is a good candidate to achieve this target. In this paper, thermal effects on bit patterned media at densities from 5 to 10 Tb/in2 are studied by numerical simulations. The results show that the media with soft under layer has bit mark vertical expansion of around 0.15 nm at 5 Tb/in2, which may cause recording performance change in the case of less than 3 nm space between magnetic write pole and recording layer. In order to obtain less than 1 ns cooling speed, a pulse heating method is proposed. With this method, the cooling speed gets tremendous improvement at BAR = 1. Media with large BAR has worse thermal performances. © 2009 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Thermal cooling speed;  Thermal expansion},
keywords={Cooling;  Magnetic recording;  Thermal expansion, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media recordings;  Heat assisted magnetic recording;  Pulse heating method;  Recording density;  Recording performance;  Thermal cooling;  Thermal Performance, Magnetism},
funding_details={Department of Electricial and Computer Engineering, Boston UniversityDepartment of Electricial and Computer Engineering, Boston University},
funding_details={Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchAgency for Science, Technology and Research},
funding_details={National University of SingaporeNational University of Singapore},
funding_details={Data Storage InstituteData Storage Institute},
funding_text 1={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608 Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35, pp. 4423-4439; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 222512; Weller, D., Path to 1 Tb/in patterned media and beyond (2008) Intermag'08, , presented at the, Madrid, Spain, May 4-8, paper GA-01; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., Temperature dependent magnetic properties of highly chemically ordered Fe Ni Pt L films (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91, pp. 6595-6600; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 102, p. 011301; Ltvinov, D., Kryder, M., Khizroev, S., Recording physics of perpendicular media: Soft underlayers (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 232, pp. 84-90; Wu, Z.L., Kuo, P.K., Wei, L., Gu, S.L., Thomas, R.L., Photothermal characterization of optical thin films (1993) Thin Solid Films, 23, pp. 191-198; Anderson, R.J., The thermal conductivity of rare-earth-transition- metal films as determined by theWiedemann-Franz law (1990) J. Appl.Phys, 67, pp. 6914-6916; Chen, G., Hui, P., Thermal conductivities of evaporated gold films on silicon and glass (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett, 74, pp. 2942-2944; Lyberatos, A., Guslienko, K.Y., Thermal stability of the magnetization following thermo-magnetic writing in perpendicular media (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 94 (2), pp. 1119-1129; Inoue, K., Shima, H., Fujita, A., Ishida, K., Oikawa, K., Fukamichi, K., Temperature dependence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants in the single variant state of L10-type FePt bulk single crystal (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 102503},
correspondence_address1={Xu, B.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: xu_baoxi@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa2009828,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Tan, E.L. and Aung, K.O. and Wong, S.K. and Srinivasan, K. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Material and layer design to overcome writing challenges in bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={828-832},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010644},
art_number={4782113},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60449114978&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2010644&partnerID=40&md5=33a2e5e1b60ba86d4ecbaea7a72d0405},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), 117608 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={In this paper, the problem of writability in bit-patterned media (BPM) for high areal density will be discussed. A new film structure is proposed, made of a composite in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy layers to improve writability and reduce the time of magnetization switching in BPM. To demonstrate the efficiency of an in-plane anisotropy layer in assisting the switching of the magnetization of the high perpendicular anisotropy recording layer, we use micromagnetic simulation to study magnetization reversals in BPM for 5 Tb/in$^{2}$. Experiments have been carried out on patterned arrays of 60-nm-size dots made of [Co(0.3 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)]$-{\times 15}$ multilayer and Co(2 nm)/[Co(0.3 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm)]$-{\times 15}$ composite structure. The mean switching field calculated from remanence magnetization curves shows a reduction of more than 50% from its initial value by adding a 2-nm-thick Co bottom layer with in-plane anisotropy. No difference in switching field distribution was observed in the two structures studied, indicating the merit of assisting the switching of high anisotropy patterned media by exchange coupling to an in-plane anisotropy layer. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Remanence, Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  High perpendicular anisotropy;  Magnetization switching;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Switching field distribution, Switching},
references={Sonobe, Y., Supper, N., Takano, K., Yen, B.K., Ikeda, Y., Muraoka, H.D.H., Nakamura, Y., Reverse dc erase medium noise analysis on exchange-coupling effect in coupled granular/continuous perpendicular recording media (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93, pp. 7855-7857. , May; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording-advances, issues and extensibility (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 449-458; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 537-542. , Feb; Y. Inaba, T. Shimatsu, H. Aoi, H. Muraoka. Y. Nakamura, and O. Kitakami, J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G913-1-08G913-3, 2006; Piramanayagam, S.N., Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 102, p. 011301. , Jul; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W.A., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X., Heat-assisted magnetic recording (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2417-2421. , Oct; Thiele, J.-U., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., FeRh/FePt exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, pp. 2859-2861; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199-R222. , Jul; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, pp. 222512-1-222512-3. , Jun; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., Off-track margin in bit patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, pp. 162502-1-162502-3. , Oct; Sbiaa, R., Piramanayagam, S.N., High frequency switching in bitpatterned media: A method to overcome synchronization issue (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 92, p. 012510. , Jan; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96, pp. 257204-1-257204-4. , June; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 101, pp. 023909-1-023909-3. , Jan; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., Challenges in 1 Teradot/in2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol, B25, pp. 2202-2009. , Dec; Sbiaa, R., Tan, E.L., Seoh, R.M., Aung, K.O., Wong, S.K., Piramanayagam, S.N., Sub-50 nm track-pitch mold using electron beam lithography for DTR media (2008) J. Vac. Sci. Technol, B26, pp. 1666-1669. , Sep; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2142-2144. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, , 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: Rachid_SBIAA@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang2009833,
author={Yang, X. and Xu, Y. and Lee, K. and Xiao, S. and Kuo, D. and Weller, D.},
title={Advanced lithography for bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={833-838},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010647},
art_number={4782121},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60449108075&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2010647&partnerID=40&md5=f1c26f9338b677866eedf3c23008ebe6},
affiliation={Seagate Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={For bit patterned media (BPM) applications, while significant progress has recently been made in demonstrating high-resolution dot patterning using e-beam direct writing, and followed by the successful imprint process, many serious issues in fabrication still remain. This paper will only discuss the key challenges in the BPM lithography, including 1) the commercial availability of a high-resolution rotating stage e-beam system; 2) the approach and limitation of directed polymer self-assembly for resist pattern quality improvement and resolution enhancement; 3) the difficulties and limitations in the fabrication and replication of a 1$\, \times \,$template with a density beyond 1 Tbit per square inch (Tb/in$^{2}$ ), while the defectivity, lifetime, and damage of the template are still questionable; 4) the tight requirements of size uniformity and placement accuracy; and 5) the needs of advanced metrology associated with the very small dot size and defect characterization. In this paper, we will address the above challenges and present some experimental data along with possible solutions for the challenges. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Advanced lithography;  Bit patterned media;  Directed self-assembly;  Nanoimprint lithography},
keywords={Defects;  Photoresists, Advanced lithography;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Commercial availability;  Directed self-assembly;  Placement accuracy;  Polymer self-assembly;  Resolution enhancement, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Ross, C., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res, 31, pp. 203-235; R. Service, Is the terabit within reach'?, Science, 314, pp. 1868-1870, 2006; Resnick, D., Template fabrication challenges for patterned media (2007) Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp, 961, pp. 0961-002-00961-03; X.-M. Yang et al., Challenges in 1 Td/in2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit patterned media., J. Vac. Sci. Technol B, 25, no. 6, p. 2202, 2007; Yang, J., Berggren, K., Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10 nm half-pitch lithography (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25 (6), pp. 2025-2029; Yang, X.-M., Peters, R., Nealey, P., Solak, H., Cerrina, F., Guided self-assembly of symmetric diblock copolymer films on chemically nanopatterned substrates (2000) Macromolecules, 33 (26), pp. 9575-9582; Peter, R., Yang, X.-M., Wang, Q., Pablo, J., Nealey, P., Combining advanced lithographic techniques and self-assembly of thin films of diblock copolymers to produce templates for nanofabrication (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (6), pp. 3530-3534; Kim, S., Solak, H., Stoykovich, M., Ferrier, N., Pablo, J., Nealey, P., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424 (24), pp. 411-414; Stoykovich, M., Muller, M., Kim, S., Solak, H., Edwards, E., Pablo, J., Nealey, P., Directed assembly of block copolymer blends into nonregular device-oriented structures (2005) Science, 308, pp. 1142-1146; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D., Albrecht, T., de Pablo, J., Neley, P., Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly (2008) Science, 321 (15), pp. 936-939; Bita, I., Yang, J., Jung, Y., Ross, C., Thomas, E., Berggren, K., Graphoepitaxy of self-assembled block copolymer on two-dimensional periodic patterned templates (2008) Science, 321 (3), p. 939; Chen, J., Rettner, C., Sanders, D., Kim, H.-C., Hinsberg, W., Dense self-assembly on sparse chemical patterns: Rectifying and multiplying lithographic patterns using block copolymers (2008) Adv. Mater, 20, pp. 3155-3158; Xiao, S., Yang, X.-M., Park, S., Weller, D., Russell, T., Adv. Mater, , A general approach to addressable 4 Td/in.2 patterned media, to be published; Yang, X.-M., Wan, L., Xiao, S., Xu, Y., Weller, D., Directed block copolymer assembly versus e-beam lithography for BPM with areal density of 1 Terabit/inch2 and beyond submitted for publication; X.-M. Yang, Y. Xu, C. Seiler, L. Wan, and S. Xiao, Toward 1 Td/in.2 nano-imprint lithography for magnetic bit patterned media: Opportunities and challenges., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 26, no. 6, pp. 2604-2610; Richter, H.J., Recording potential of bit patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 222512},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X.; Seagate Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tang2009822,
author={Tang, Y. and Moon, K. and Lee, H.J.},
title={Write synchronization in bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={822-827},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010642},
art_number={4782123},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60449105936&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2010642&partnerID=40&md5=88bfc468de0de813265f1207d262ebbf},
affiliation={Samsung Information System America, San Jose, CA 95134, United States},
abstract={Writing bit-patterned media has been a challenging problem because it is necessary to synchronize write timing with physical bit-pattern locations on disk. This timing requirement must be addressed not only in disk drives but also in testing environments such as a spin stand. This paper first describes a technique for synchronizing write timing on a spin stand. Testing results show that, with data block length similar to a disk drive sector, the write timing jitter due to synchronization error is much smaller than the magnetic transition jitter. We then discuss the potential timing jitter sources in a disk drive, including disk speed variation, head vibration, and write clock stability. Experimental data show that the head vibration is potentially the most difficult jitter source for the write clock to handle. The possibility and difficulty in applying coding techniques to correct write timing error is also investigated. While it is possible to create codes for this purpose, practical considerations can limit its usefulness. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Code;  Jitter;  Patterned media;  Synchronous write},
keywords={Clocks;  Jitter;  Synchronization;  Timing jitter, Bit-patterned media;  Code;  Magnetic transitions;  Patterned medias;  Synchronization error;  Synchronous write;  Testing environment;  Timing requirements, Digital storage},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 GbMn2 and up for magnetic recording? (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; Rooke, M.W., Frequency controlled reference clock generator, (1996), U.S. Patent 5 535 067; Takeda, T., Seko, S., Ishioka, H., Tomisaki, I., Disc device having eccentricity measurement and clock correction, (1999), U.S. Patent 5 905 705; Shrinkle, L.J., Apparatus and method for controlling the frequency at which data is written in a disk drive system, (2001), U.S. Patent 6222692; Koudo, T., Imura, M., Kuno, Y., Mashiko, Y., Ishibashi, H., Disk reproducing device, a disk reproducing method, a disk rotation control method, and a regenerative clock signal generating device, (2003), U.S. Patent 6529456; Sutardja, P., Disk synchronous write, (2006), U.S. Patent 088 534; Sutardja, P., Disk synchronous write, (2007), U.S. Patent 7 177 105; Yada, H., Clock jitter in a servo-derived clocking scheme for magnetic disk drives (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn, 32, pp. 3283-3290. , Jul; Tang, Y., Che, X., Characterization of mechanically induced timing jitter in synchronous writing of bit patterned media IEEE Trans. Magn, , to be published; Hsia, Y.T., James, K., A novel metrology technique to capture the flying dynamics of air bearing slider with and without induced contact (2006) Proc. Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conf; Knigge, B., Talke, F.E., Nonlinear dynamic effects at the head disk interface (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, pp. 900-905. , Mar; Klaassen, K.B., van, J.C.L., Peppen, Eaton, R.E., Non-invasive take-off/touch-down velocity measurements (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30, pp. 4164-4166. , Nov; Levenshtein, V.I., Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals (1966) Sov. Phys.-Dokl, 10 (8), pp. 707-710. , Feb; Tenegolts, G.M., Class of codes correcting bit loss and errors in the preceding bit (1976) Automat. Telemkh, 37, pp. 174-175. , May; Tenegolts, G., Nonbinary codes, correcting single deletion or insertion (1984) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-30, pp. 766-769. , Sep; Helberg, A.S.J., Clarke, W.A., Ferreira, H.C., A class of dc free, synchronization error correcting codes (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn, 29, pp. 4048-4049. , Nov; Ferraria, H.C., Clarke, W.A., Helberg, A.S.J., Abdel-Ghaffar, K.A.S., Han Vinck, A.J., Insertion/deletion correction with spectral nulls (1997) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 43, pp. 722-732. , Mar; Liu, Z., Mitzenmacher, M., Codes for deletion and insertion channels with segmented errors Dept. of Comput. Science, Harvard Univ (2006), Tech. Rep. TR 21-06, Dec; Tanaka, E., Kasai, T., Synchronization and substitution error correcting codes for the Levenshtein metric (1976) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-22, pp. 156-162. , Mar; Schulman, L.J., Zukerman, D., Asymptotically good codes correcting insertions, deletions, and transpositions (1999) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 45, pp. 2552-2557. , Nov; Kuznetsov, A.V., Han Vinck, A.J., A coding scheme for single peak-shift correction in (d, k)-constrained channels (1994) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 39, pp. 1444-1450. , Jul; Roth, R.M., Siegel, P.H., Lee-metric BCH codes and their applications to constrained and partial response channels (1994) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 40, pp. 1083-1096. , Jul; Bours, P.A.H., Construction of fixed-length insertion/deletion correcting runlength-limited codes (1994) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 40, pp. 1841-1856. , Nov; Kløve, T., Codes correcting a single insertion/deletion of a zero or a single peak shift (1995) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 41, pp. 279-283. , Jan; McAven, L., Safavi-Naini, R., Classification of the deletion correcting capabilities of Reed-Solomon codes of dimension 2 over prime fields (2007) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 53, pp. 2280-2294. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Tang, Y.; Samsung Information System America, San Jose, CA 95134, United States; email: y.tang@samsung.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Batra2009889,
author={Batra, S. and Scholz, W.},
title={Role of media parameters in switching granular perpendicular media using microwave assisted magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2009},
volume={45},
number={2},
pages={889-892},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2010669},
art_number={4782115},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60449099212&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2010669&partnerID=40&md5=0959d0c16b563e761077d3701495b300},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4215, United States},
abstract={This paper describes the role of media parameters in magnetization switching in the presence of a DC bias and an in-plane RF field using a micromagnetic model. In this study, two sets of media parameters are compared for reduction in switching field based on the Larmor precessional frequency of the medium. It is found that a significant reduction in equivalent Stoner Wohlfarth (SW) field $(H^{E}-{\rm SW})$ is observed only when a DC field is applied at a finite angle relative to the medium anisotropy direction $(\theta-{\rm A})$ and we observe a shallow minimum between 20 $^\circ$ and 30 $^\circ$. A small field magnitude $H^{E}-{\rm SW}(= 0.50\ {\rm H}-{\rm K})$ for $\theta-{\rm A}$ of 20$^\circ$ for medium 1 using an RF field magnitude of 0.068 ${\rm H}-{\rm K}$ and an even smaller magnitude $H^{E}-{\rm SW}(=0.22\ {\rm H}-{\rm K})$ for $\theta-{\rm A}$ of 25$^\circ$ for medium 2 using an RF field magnitude of 0.035 ${\rm H}-{\rm K}$ is required to switch the media for the case of a uniform granular medium without any distributions at ${\rm T} = 0$ K. With the inclusion of magnetic materials distributions and/or introducing finite temperature, the coherent precession is lost due to the demagnetization field of neighboring grains. We compare $H^{E}-{\rm SW}$ required to switch the medium in the presence of RF assist to the SW field $(H-{\rm SW})$ required to switch the medium when there is no assist field. It is found that medium 1 shows a reduction of 28% in SW field while medium 2 shows no reduction in presence of in-plane RF field compared to the case when no RF field is applied. This highlights the importance of medium properties in microwave-assisted magnetic recording. Selection of media parameters will depend on the potential application of microwave-assisted recording in a continuous granular or the bit patterned media. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Damping;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation;  Relaxation mechanism;  RF assisted switching;  Switching field},
keywords={Damping;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Magnetization switching;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Microwave assisted magnetic recordings;  Microwave-assisted recording;  Precessional frequency;  Relaxation mechanism;  Switching field, Switching},
references={Suess, D., Micromagnetics of exchange spring media: Optimization towards the limits (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mat, 308, pp. 183-197; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, p. 537; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, p. 125; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nature Mater, 2, p. 524; Batra, S., Scholz, W., Reduction in switching field for a perpendicular granular medium, using microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44; Scholz, W., Batra, S., Micromagnetic modeling of ferromagnetic resonance assisted switching (2008) J. Appl. Phys, 103 (1); Rivkin, K., Tabat, N., Foss-Schroeder, S., Time dependent fields and anisotropy dominated magnetic media (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett, 92, p. 153104; Bertotti, G., Serpico, C., Mayergoyz, I., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett, 86, pp. 724-727; Brown Jr., W.F., Thermal fluctuations of a single-domain particle (1963) Phys. Rev, 130 (5), pp. 1677-1686; Zhou, H., Bertram, H.N., Torabi, A.F., Mallary, M.L., Effect of intergranular exchange on thermal energy barrier distribution in longitudinal magnetic recording IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, p. 1558},
correspondence_address1={Batra, S.; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4215, United States; email: sharat.batra@seagate.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang20082604,
author={Yang, X. and Xu, Y. and Seiler, C. and Wan, L. and Xiao, S.},
title={Toward 1 Tdot in.2 nanoimprint lithography for magnetic bit-patterned media: Opportunities and challenges},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2008},
volume={26},
number={6},
pages={2604-2610},
doi={10.1116/1.2978487},
note={cited By 40},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57249104939&doi=10.1116%2f1.2978487&partnerID=40&md5=c306a6cd236db06f8d222e0bd286519c},
affiliation={Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States},
abstract={Nanoimprint lithography presents unique opportunities for patterned media applications due to its advantages of sub- 10 nm resolution capability, patterning of a whole disk in a single imprint step with reasonably high throughput, and the relatively low capital cost in comparison to other next generation lithography technologies. However, there are several critical issues that still remain very challenging. This article will briefly discuss these challenges in general and then focus on imprint lithography work including the fabrication of templates and demonstrate the imprinted results. In this work two types of polarities of high-density templates (pillar tone and hole tone) have been fabricated on fused silica substrates for the UV imprint process. The difficulties and limitations in each of the template fabrication processes will be discussed. The authors have successfully demonstrated template fabrication followed by imprinted results with a pitch of 24 nm (1.1 Tdots in.2) for both tones of templates. Initial imprinted results of dense dot patterns with a pitch as small as 18 nm (2.0 Tdots in.2) have been achieved. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy images are used as the primary metrology for both the dot size uniformity and the placement accuracy analysis. The difficulties and the limitations in template fabrication, the imprint process, and associated metrology will be discussed. © 2008 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Critical issues;  Dot patterns;  Dot sizes;  Fused silica substrates;  High densities;  High resolutions;  High throughputs;  Imprint lithographies;  Low capital costs;  Magnetic bits;  NM resolutions;  Patterned medias;  Placement accuracies;  Template fabrications;  Two types;  UV imprints, Fabrication;  Fused silica;  High resolution electron microscopy;  Scanning;  Silica, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Bandic, Z.Z., Dobisz, E.A., Wu, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2002) Solid State Technol., 57, p. 7; Service, R.F., (2006) Science, 314, p. 1868; Yang, X.-M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Mountfield, K., Rottmayer, R., Lee, K., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Yang, J.K.W., Berggren, K.K., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2025; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Resnick, D., Schmid, G., Miller, M., Doyle, G., Jones, C., Labrake, D., (2007), p. 1. , MRS Symposia Proceedings No. 961, MRS Fall Meeting (Material Research Society, Boston, MA),; Schmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., Olynick, D.L., Anderson, E.H., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 853},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X.; Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Miyazaki20082611,
author={Miyazaki, T. and Hayashi, K. and Kobayashi, K. and Kuba, Y. and Ohyi, H. and Obara, T. and Mizuta, O. and Murayama, N. and Tanaka, N. and Kawamura, Y. and Uemoto, H.},
title={Potential of a rotary stage electron beam mastering system for fabricating patterned magnetic media},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2008},
volume={26},
number={6},
pages={2611-2618},
doi={10.1116/1.3013277},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57249094057&doi=10.1116%2f1.3013277&partnerID=40&md5=8086054df63859553417e9e8120e0bf6},
affiliation={Crestec Corporation, 1-9-2, Owada, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0045, Japan; Ricoh Company, Ltd., 1005 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0298, Japan},
abstract={To fabricate master templates of high-density patterned magnetic media, the authors developed a high-resolution and high-throughput rotary stage electron beam mastering system. They accomplished the fabrication of discrete track media groove patterns with 45 nm track pitch, and also a dense bit array with both track and bit pitch of 35 nm for bit patterned media under the conditions of a bit rate of 1.22 MHzbit at 50 kV acceleration voltage. The high resolution and high throughput are derived from using a continuous stage movement flyback lithography (CSFL) function. CSFL is enabled by differentiated capabilities, such as an electron optical column that achieves a large beam current at a small beam diameter, and a friction-driven slider stage that provides a highly accurate positioning capability and a dynamic focus correction feature and r -theta stage driving. The CSFL capability, working in conjunction with a blankingless beam shift lithography (BLSL), is very effective for fabricating various kinds of servo pattern elements, such as grooves and dots, grooves and right-angled grooves, grooves and half-pitch-shift dot arrays, and various pit length patterns, to construct effective servo patterns. © 2008 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Electron guns;  Magnetic devices;  Particle beams;  Time varying systems, Acceleration voltages;  Beam currents;  Beam diameters;  Beam shifts;  Bit rates;  Discrete track medias;  Dot arrays;  Dynamic focuses;  Electron beam mastering;  Flyback;  Groove patterns;  High densities;  High resolutions;  High throughputs;  Optical-;  Patterned magnetic medias;  Patterned medias;  Servo patterns;  Track pitches, Electron beams},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={The authors kindly acknowledge financial support from the Consortium R&D project for regional revitalization by the Kanto Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry through the Japan Research and Development Center for Metals. The authors also acknowledge the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology CAN-FOR team for their assistance with the experiments.},
references={Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1967; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Kasono, O., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., (1998) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 37, p. 2137; Wada, Y., Katsumura, M., Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Iida, T., (2001) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 40, p. 1653; Kasono, O., Sato, M., Sugimoto, T., Kojima, Y., Kastumura, M., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 43, p. 5078; Katsumura, M., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 44, p. 3578; Kitahara, H., Kojima, Y., Kobayashi, M., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., Iida, T., Kuriyama, K., Yokogawa, F., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 45, p. 1401; Ohyi, H., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, K., Miyazaki, T., Kuba, Y., Morita, H., (2007), EIPBN, (unpublished); Fujita, S., Shimoyama, H., (2005) J. Electron Microsc., 54, p. 413; Miyata, H., Endo, H., Fujita, S., Watanabe, H., Obara, T., Murayama, N., Mizuta, O., (2003), pp. 63-67. , Ricoh Technical Report No. 29, (In Japanese)},
correspondence_address1={Miyazaki, T.; Crestec Corporation, 1-9-2, Owada, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0045, Japan},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2008,
title={2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008},
journal={2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008},
year={2008},
page_count={1643},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2008 Through 10 December 2008;  Conference Code:79799},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951153365&partnerID=40&md5=f0a585d402795d01dda6b3906d80ec3a},
abstract={The proceedings contain 281 papers. The topics discussed include: gradient descent bit flipping algorithms for decoding LDPC codes; towards universal cover decoding; on the capacity of flash memories; burst detection by parity check matrix of LDPC code for perpendicular magnetic recording using bit-patterned medium; rewritable storage channels; LLR metrics for LDPC codes with quadrature differential PSK transmission, and their performances; a reliable soft-output of autoregressive ML detector for perpendicular magnetic recording with intertrack interference; the overall performance of the Shannon code; random coding bounds for correlated parallel channels with unidirectionally cooperating decoders; effect of one-way mode of hybrid reservation on slotted optical burst switching networks; outage probability of the free-space optical channel with doubly stochastic scintillation; and on the capability of the Harada-Kobayashi algorithm in finding fix-free codewords.},
sponsors={Commemorative Organization for the Japan World; Exposition('70); Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications; Technology Research; REFEC Research Foundation for the; Electrotechnology of Chubu},
address={Auckland},
isbn={9781424420698},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nakamura2008,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Muraoka, H. and Aoi, H.},
title={Burst detection by parity check matrix of LDPC code for perpendicular magnetic recording using bit-patterned medium},
journal={2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008},
year={2008},
doi={10.1109/ISITA.2008.4895390},
art_number={4895390},
note={cited By 3; Conference of 2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2008 Through 10 December 2008;  Conference Code:79799},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951123272&doi=10.1109%2fISITA.2008.4895390&partnerID=40&md5=c745c41dfee9335402442669e1a5cf02},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Institution for Collaborative Relations, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, a burst detection scheme using a parity check matrix of LDPC code is described for the perpendicular magnetic recording using a bit-pattered medium. It is assumed that the burst-like bit-flipping occurs due to missing the write synchronization. The phenomenon cannot be detected as a signal decay and significantly degrades the performance of the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system. Therefore, a good alternative detector is required in order to keep the performance. The LDPC coding and iterative decoding system is evaluated by the computer simulation in a perpendicular magnetic recording channel using a bit-patterned medium with the burst-like bit-flipping. It is clarified that the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system with a burst detector has the resistance to a burst-like bit-flipping of 200 bits.},
keywords={Bit flipping;  Bit-patterned medium;  Burst detection;  LDPC codes;  LDPC coding;  Parity check matrices;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Perpendicular magnetic recording channel;  Signal decay, Codes (symbols);  Coding errors;  Computer simulation;  Detectors;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Matrix algebra;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Optical devices, Iterative decoding},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Gallager, R.G., Low-density parity-check codes (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, 8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Array codes for erasure correction in magnetic recording channels (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2579-2581. , Sept; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sept; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Muraoka, H., A new burst detection method using parity check matrix of LDPC code for bit flipping burst-like signal degradation (2008) Digest of Intermag 2008, , HM-04, Madrid, SPAIN, May; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Iterative decoding using attenuated extrinsic information form sum-product decoder for PMR channel with patterned medium (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2277-2279. , June; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10P108. , May; Kretzmer, K.R., Generalization of a technique for binary data communication (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., COM-14, pp. 67-68. , Feb; Nakamura, Y., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, Y., Osawa, H., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Iterative decoding algorithm using attenuated information in PMR with bit-patterned medium (2007) Digest of PMRC 2008, , 16pD-04, Tokyo, JAPAN, Oct},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
sponsors={Commemorative Organization for the Japan World; Exposition('70); Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications; Technology Research; REFEC Research Foundation for the; Electrotechnology of Chubu},
address={Auckland},
isbn={9781424420698},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Kamabe2008,
author={Kamabe, H.},
title={Constraints for two-dimensional recording media},
journal={2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008},
year={2008},
doi={10.1109/ISITA.2008.4895599},
art_number={4895599},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications, ISITA2008 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2008 Through 10 December 2008;  Conference Code:79799},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951116612&doi=10.1109%2fISITA.2008.4895599&partnerID=40&md5=beb1fb6d5250381a456c76cf3329d00e},
affiliation={Department of Information Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan},
abstract={We give a simple model for interferences occurring in 2 dimensional(2-D) bit patterned media for digital recording. We investigate some constraints induced from the model. Some lower bounds of capacities of 2-D constraints are derived. A sufficient condition for the positivity of the capacity of a 2-D constraint is given. We also give an encoding algorithm for the constraint which works well with few exceptions. The algorithm can also be regarded as a representation of the 2-D constraint.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Bit-stuffing;  Capacity;  Perpendicular recording;  Two-dimensional constraint},
keywords={Bit patterned media;  Digital recording;  Encoding algorithms;  Lower bounds;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording media;  Simple model;  Sufficient conditions, Information theory;  Nanoimprint lithography, Two dimensional},
references={Wood, R., Williams, M., Kavcic, A., Miles, J., (2008) The Feasibility of Magnetic Recording at 10 Terabits per Square Inch on Conventional Media, , preprint; Kato, A., Zeger, K., Partial characterization of the positive capacity region of two-dimensional asymmetric run length constrained channels (2000) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-46, pp. 2666-2670; Kamabe, H., Encoding Algorithms for 2 dimensional run-length-limited constraints (2004) Proceedings of 2004 IEEE ISIT, p. 193; Hokkyo, J., Kawaji, J., Sayama, J., Theoretical approach of read-write characteristics in perpendicular media with nano-composite recording film (2005) Abstracts of the Inter. Symp. on Creation of Magnetic Recording Materials with Nano-Interfacial Technologies, Waseda Univ., p. 34. , Dec; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2 IEEE Trans. Magn., 200, pp. 2142-2144; Halevy, S., Chen, J., Roth, R., Siegel, P., Wolf, J., Improved bit-stuffing bounds on two-dimensional constraints (2004) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-50, pp. 824-838; Aviran, S., Siegel, P., Wolf, J., Two-dimensional bit-stuffing schemes with multiple transformers (2005) Proceedings of ISIT 2005, pp. 1478-1482. , Sep; Kamabe, H., Capacity of two dimensional run- Length limited constraint (2003) Proceedings of 3rd Asia- Europe Workshop on Information Theory; Roth, R., Siegel, P., Wolf, J., Efficient coding schemes for hard-square model (2001) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-47, pp. 1166-1176; Weeks, W., Blahut, R.E., The capacity and coding gain of certain checkerboard codes (1998) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-44, pp. 1193-1203},
correspondence_address1={Kamabe, H.; Department of Information Science, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; email: kamabe@ieee.org},
sponsors={Commemorative Organization for the Japan World; Exposition('70); Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications; Technology Research; REFEC Research Foundation for the; Electrotechnology of Chubu},
address={Auckland},
isbn={9781424420698},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Symp. Inf. Theory Appl., ISITA},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Min20081064,
author={Min, D.-K. and Oh, H.-S. and Yoo, I.-K.},
title={New data detection method for a HDD with patterned media},
journal={Proceedings of IEEE Sensors},
year={2008},
pages={1064-1067},
doi={10.1109/ICSENS.2008.4716626},
art_number={4716626},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2008 IEEE Sensors, SENSORS 2008 ; Conference Date: 26 October 2008 Through 29 October 2009;  Conference Code:76424},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649980589&doi=10.1109%2fICSENS.2008.4716626&partnerID=40&md5=9e9651c036a623a80f4609580c5d97b4},
affiliation={Semiconductor R and D Center, Samsung Electronics, Yongin, South Korea},
abstract={New bit array pattern and detection algorithm for hard disk drive (HDD) with patterned media are proposed. The width of the reader is larger than a bit width, of which the fabrication cost is lower than a bit-size compatible reader. It can read several sub-tracks simultaneously, in which the bits are patterned with different phase. The readback signal is superposed by each bit response and we can extract the bit information easily because of its phase difference. © 2008 IEEE.},
keywords={Array patterns;  Bit-Width;  Data detection;  Detection algorithm;  Fabrication cost;  Hard disk drives;  Patterned medias;  Phase difference, Nanoimprint lithography;  Sensors, Hard disk storage},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording - Advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 449-458. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.075, PII S0304885304011539; Takeo, A., Bertram, H.N., Pulse shape, resolution, and signal-tonoise ration in patterned media recording (2005) J. of Applied Physics, 97, pp. 10N104; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , oct; Kikitsu, A., Kamata, Y., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Recent progress of patterned media (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (9), pp. 3685-3688. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.902970; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Academic press; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44 (1), pp. 193-197. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.912837; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. On Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Ide, H., A modified prml channel for perpendicular magnetic recording (1996) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 32 (5 PART 1), pp. 3965-3967; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 6249-6254. , DOI 10.1109/ICC.2007.1035, 4289706, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07},
correspondence_address1={Min, D.-K.; Semiconductor R and D Center, , Yongin, South Korea; email: dkmin@samsung.com},
address={Lecce},
isbn={9781424425808},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE Sens.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Warke2008152,
author={Warke, V. and Bakker, M.G. and Hong, K. and Mays, J. and Britt, P.},
title={Application of cylinder forming block copolymers as templates for formation of bit patterned and graded media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2008},
volume={1032},
pages={152-157},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications ; Conference Date: 26 November 2007 Through 30 November 2007;  Conference Code:77427},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649299982&partnerID=40&md5=e100dd93f977c943ac749cd67d4990ef},
affiliation={Center for Materials for Information Technologies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0209, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, United States; Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States},
abstract={Bit patterned media, including media fabricated with a gradient in composition, is being developed as a potential path to higher information storage density. The formation of metal nanopillars with 20-30 nm repeat spacing and precisely controlled magnetic properties presents a significant challenge to current fabrication methods. We have been developing cylinder forming block copolymer phases as a method to generate the desired patterns coupled with the processing steps necessary to transfer the pattern into magnetic material. This involves spin coating of the polymer on an appropriate orienting layer, annealing to allow the pattern to form by self-organization of the block copolymer, solvent processing to remove the minority domain, electrodeposition to form a hard mask, followed by ion-milling to transfer the pattern to the magnetic material. We have demonstrated each step in this process and will report on the quality of the patterns achieved. © 2008 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Current fabrication;  Graded media;  Hard masks;  Information storage;  Ion milling;  Nanopillars;  Processing steps;  Self-organization, Block copolymers;  Copolymerization;  Cylinders (shapes);  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties, Magnetic devices},
references={Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kastle, G.A., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K., Russell, T.P., Ultrahigh-density nanowire arrays grown in self-assembled diblock copolymer templates (2000) Science, 290 (5499), pp. 2126-2129; Misner, M.J., Skaff, H., Emrick, T., Russell, T.P., Directed deposition of nanoparticles using diblock copolymer templates (2003) Adv. Mater, 15 (3), pp. 221-224; Lu, J.Q., Yi, S.S., Uniformly sized gold nanoparticles derived from PS-b-P2VP block copolymer templates for the controllable synthesis of Si nanowires (2006) Langmuir, 22 (9), pp. 3951-3954; Crossland, E.J.W., Ludwigs, S., Hillmyer, M.A., Steiner, U., Freestanding nanowire arrays from soft-etch block copolymer templates (2007) Soft Matter, 3 (1), pp. 94-98; Minelli, C., Hinderling, C., Heinzelmann, H., Pugin, R., Liley, M., Micrometer-long gold nanowires fabricated using block copolymer templates (2005) Langmuir, 21 (16), pp. 7080-7082; Choi, D.-G., Jeong, J.-R., Kwon, K.-Y., Jung, H.-T., Shin, S.-C., Yang, S.-M., Magnetic nanodot arrays patterned by selective ion etching using block copolymer templates (2004) Nanotechnology, 15 (8), pp. 970-974; Zschech, D., Kim, D.H., Milenin, A.P., Scholz, R., Hillebrand, R., Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., Goesele, U., Ordered Arrays of (100)-Oriented Silicon Nanorods by CMOS-Compatible Block Copolymer Lithography (2007) Nano Lett, 7 (6), pp. 1516-1520; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block Copolymer Thermodynamics: Theory and Experiment (1990) Annual Reviews, 41 (1), pp. 525-557; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., Block copolymers--designer soft materials (1999) Physics Today, 52 (2), pp. 32-38; Leibler, L., Theory of Microphase Separation in Block Copolymers (1980) Macromolecules, 13 (6), pp. 1602-1617; Matsen, M.W., Bates, F.S., Unifying weak-and strong-segregation block copolymer theories (1996) Macromolecules, 29 (4), pp. 1091-1098; Mansky, P., Liu, Y., Huang, E., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., Controlling Polymer-Surface Interactions with Random Copolymer Brushes (1997) Science, 275 (5305), pp. 1458-1460; Park, D.H., The fabrication of thin films with nanopores and nanogrooves from block copolymer thin films on the neutral surface of self-assembled monolayers (2007) Nanotechnology, 18, p. 355304. , 355304; Thurn-Albrecht, T., Steiner, R., DeRouchey, J., Stafford, C.M., Huang, E., Bal, M., Tuominen, M., Russell, T.P., Nanoscopic templates from oriented block copolymer films (2000) Advanced Materials, 12 (11), pp. 787-790; Fukunaga, K., Elbs, H., Magerle, R., Krausch, G., Large-Scale Alignment of ABC Block Copolymer Microdomains via Solvent Vapor Treatment (2000) Macromolecules, 33 (3), pp. 947-953; Kim, S.H., Misner, M.J., Xu, T., Kimura, M., Russell, T.P., Highly Oriented and Ordered Arrays from Block Copolymers via Solvent Evaporation (2004) Advanced Materials, 16 (3), pp. 226-231; D. E. Angelescu, J. H Waller, D. H Adamson, P. Deshpande, S. Y Chou, R. A Register, and P.M. Chaikin, Macroscopic Orientation of Block Copolymer Cylinders in Single-Layer Films by Shearing. Advanced Materials, 2004. 16(19): p. 1736-1740; Warke, V., Redden, C., Bakker, M.G., Nikles, D.E., Hong, K., Mays, J., Britt, P., Development of Block Co-Polymers as Self-Assembling Templates for Magnetic Media and Spin-Valves (2006) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proa, 941, pp. Q06-Q10; Warke, V., Curry, M.L., Bakker, M.G., Hong, K., Mays, J., Britt, P., Li, X., Wang, J., Development of Block Co-Polymers as Self-Assembling Templates for Patterned Media (2006) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proa, 961, pp. O01-O07},
correspondence_address1={Warke, V.; Center for Materials for Information Technologies, , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0209, United States},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={02729172},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Garrett2008117,
author={Garrett, S. and Franco, V. and Snowden, T. and Redden, C. and Warke, V. and Bakker, M.G.},
title={Development of strategies to improvement ordering and perpendicular alignment of cylinder phase block copolymers used as templates for bit patterned media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2008},
volume={1032},
pages={117-122},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications ; Conference Date: 26 November 2007 Through 30 November 2007;  Conference Code:77427},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649227747&partnerID=40&md5=640c279969907cfe5d029af12226fcf6},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, United States; Center for Materials for Information Technologies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0209, United States},
abstract={The development of patterned media for high density information storage requires the development of methods for cheaply creating patterns in the 20-40 nm range. Cylinderical phase block copolymers self-assemble on this length scale to give the desired patterns. However, use on noble metal capped magnetic phases of such cylinder forming phases needs a thin orienting layer to align the cylinders perpendicular to the substrate surface. Random copolymers of similar composition to the block copolymer provide an appropriate orienting layer. By attachment of a thiol group to the random co-polymer, the random copolymer will be covalently bound to a platinum or gold surface allowing the formation of a suitably thin orienting layer. Synthesis of such thiol-functionalized polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate random co-polymers is reported. The synthesis uses a novel two-step route starting with commercially available polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate random copolymer. © 2008 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Covalently bound;  Functionalized;  Gold surfaces;  High density;  Information storage;  Length scale;  Magnetic phasis;  Noble metals;  Patterned medias;  Random copolymer;  Self-assemble;  Substrate surface;  Thiol groups, Block copolymers;  Copolymerization;  Cylinders (shapes);  Functional polymers;  Magnetic materials;  Metal forming;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Platinum;  Polyesters;  Polystyrenes;  Precious metals;  Strategic planning, Plastic products},
references={Thurn-Albrecht, T., Schotter, J., Kastle, G.A., Emley, N., Shibauchi, T., Krusin-Elbaum, L., Guarini, K.W., Russell, T.P., (2000) Science, 290, pp. 2126-2129; Crossland, E.J.W., Ludwigs, S., Hillmyer, M.A., Steiner, U., (2007) Soft Matter, 3, pp. 94-98; Choi, D.-G., Jeong, J.-R., Kwon, K.-Y., Jung, H.-T., Shin, S.-C., Yang, S.-M., (2004) Nanotechnology, 15, pp. 970-974; Mansky, P., Liu, Y., Huang, E., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., (1997) Science, 275, pp. 1458-1461; Ryu, D.Y., Wang, J.-Y., Lavery, K.A., Drockenmuller, E., Satija, S.K., Hawker, C.J., Russell, T.P., (2006) Macromolecules, 40, pp. 4296-4300; Jabre, I., Saquet, M., Thuillier, A., (1990) J. Chem. Res., Synop, 4, pp. 106-107; Bunnelle, W.H., McKinnis, B.R., Narayanan, B.A., (1990) J. Org. Chem, 55, pp. 768-770},
correspondence_address1={Garrett, S.; Department of Chemistry, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, United States},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={02729172},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Wolf2008,
author={Wolf, J.K.},
title={Signal processing for digital recording on patterned media},
journal={2008 2nd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems, SCS 2008},
year={2008},
doi={10.1109/ICSCS.2008.4746958},
art_number={4746958},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2008 2nd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems, SCS 2008 ; Conference Date: 7 November 2008 Through 9 November 2008;  Conference Code:75612},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62949112615&doi=10.1109%2fICSCS.2008.4746958&partnerID=40&md5=d81f043d5d4fc524ff22966f8aa529cd},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States},
abstract={The exponential growth of storage density in magnetic hard disk recording is threatened by the superparamagnetic limit which sets an upper bound to the number of bits per unit area that can be reliably stored. In this paper, a new media for recording called patterned media is described. Some of the signal processing challenges which occur in both writing and reading data are explored. Emphasis is placed on the situation where there is inter-track interference, that is, where the read head senses signals from both the desired track and from neighboring tracks.},
author_keywords={Digital storage, inter-track interference, patterned media, detection, jitter noise},
keywords={Digital storage;  Jitter;  Magnetic disk storage;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Signal processing;  Superparamagnetism, Digital recordings;  Exponential growths;  Magnetic hard disks;  New medias;  Per units;  Read heads;  Storage densities;  Superparamagnetic limits;  Upper bounds, Hard disk storage},
references={White, R., New, R., Pease, R., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Nair, S., New, R., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34, pp. 1916-1918. , Jul; Hughes, G., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35, pp. 2310-2312. , Sept; Hughes, G., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 521-527. , Mar; Hughes, G., (2001) Patterned Media, the Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M. Plumer, J. van Ek, and D. Weller, Eds, Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, ch. 7; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C., Moser, A., Best, M., Terris, B., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Ltrs, 81, pp. 2875-2877. , Oct; Hughes, G., Read channels for patterned media with trench playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, pp. 2564-2566. , Sept; Nutter, P., McKirdy, D., Middleton, B., Wilton, D., Shute, H., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40, pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Takeo, A., Bertram, N., Pulse shape, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio in patterned media recording (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97, pp. 104-111,104-113. , to; Y. Suzuki, H. Saito, H. Aoi, H. Muraoka, and Y. Nakamuri, Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel, J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 108-1/3, 2005; H. Richter, A. Dobin, R. Lynch, R. Brockie, O. Heinonen, K. Gao, J. Xue, R. van der Veerdonk, P. Asselin, and M. Erden, Recording potential of bit-patterned media, Appl. Phys. Ltrs., 88, pp. 222512-1/3, May 2006; Yasuaki, N., Mitsuhiro, N., Yoshihiro, O., Hisashi, O., Hajime, A., Muraoki, M., Yoshihisa, N., A study of LDPC coding and iterative decoding system using patterned media, (2006) IEIC Technical Report, pp. 43-48. , 106, pp; Hu, J., Duman, T., Kurtas, E., Eden, F., Coding and iterative decoding for patterned media storage systems (2006) Electronics Letters, 42, pp. 934-935. , Aug; Groenland, J., Abelman, L., Twodimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2307-2309. , June; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B., Zhu, J.-G., Modifying Viterbi algorithm to Mitigate Intertrack Interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 2274-2276. , June},
correspondence_address1={Wolf, J. K.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , La Jolla, CA 92037, United States},
address={Nabeul},
isbn={9781424426287},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Int. Conf. Signals, Circuits Syst., SCS},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Duman2008,
author={Duman, T.M. and Hu, J. and Erden, M.F.},
title={Graph-based channel detection for multitrack recording channels},
journal={Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing},
year={2008},
volume={2008},
doi={10.1155/2008/738281},
art_number={738281},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61349177827&doi=10.1155%2f2008%2f738281&partnerID=40&md5=f616bbc6b350c36ec45af5e375485f3c},
affiliation={Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; Electrical Engineering Department, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4215, United States},
abstract={We propose a low complexity detection technique for multihead multitrack recording systems. By exploiting sparseness of two-dimensional partial response (PR) channels, we develop an algorithm which performs belief propagation (BP) over corresponding factor graphs. We consider the BP-based detector not only for partial response channels but also for more practical conventional media and bit-patterned media storage systems, with and without media noise. Compared to the maximum likelihood detector which has a prohibitively high complexity that is exponential with both the number of tracks and the number of intersymbol interference (ISI) taps, the proposed detector has a much lower complexity and a fast parallel structure. For the multitrack recording systems with PR equalization, the price is a small performance penalty (less than one dB if the intertrack interference (ITI) is not too high). Furthermore, since the algorithm is soft-input soft-output in nature, turbo equalization can be employed if there is an outer code. We show that a few turbo equalization iterations can provide significant performance improvement even when the ITI level is high.},
keywords={Detectors;  Intersymbol interference;  Maximum likelihood;  Recording instruments, Belief propagation;  Bit-patterned medias;  Channel detections;  Factor graphs;  Graph-based;  Inter symbol interferences;  Inter-track interferences;  Low complexity;  Lower complexity;  Maximum likelihood detectors;  Media noise;  Multi-track recordings;  Parallel structures;  Partial response;  Partial response channels;  Performance improvements;  Performance penalties;  Soft input soft outputs;  Storage systems;  Turbo equalizations;  Two-dimensional, Backpropagation algorithms},
references={Barbosa, L.C., Simultaneous detection of readback signals from interfering magnetic recording tracks using array heads (1990) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 26 (5), pp. 2163-2165; Voois, P.A., Ciof, J.M., Multichannel signal processing for multiple-head digital magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 30 (6), pp. 5100-5114; Kumar, P.S., Roy, S., Two-dimensional equalization: Theory and applications to high density magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 42 (24), pp. 386-395; Davey, P.J., Donnelly, T., Mapps, D.J., Two dimensional coding for a multiple-track, maximum-likelihood digital magnetic storage system (1994) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 30 (6), pp. 4212-4214; Kurtas, E., Proakis, J.G., Salehi, M., Coding for multitrack magnetic recording systems (1997) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 43 (6), pp. 2020-2023; Soljanin, E., Georghiades, C.N., Multihead detection for multitrack recording channels (1998) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 44 (7), pp. 2988-2997; Davey, P.J., Donnelly, T., Mapps, D.J., Darragh, N., Two-dimensional coding for a multitrack recording system to combat inter-track interference (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4), pp. 1949-1951; Kurtas, E., Proakis, J.G., Salehi, M., Reduced complexity maximum likelihood sequence estimation for multitrack high-density magnetic recording channels (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (4), pp. 2187-2193; Ahmed, Z., Donnelly, T., Davey, P.J., Clegg, W.W., Increased areal density using a 2-dimentional approach (2001) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 37 (4), pp. 1896-1898; Tosi, S., Conway, T., Near maximum likelihood multitrack partial response detection for magnetic recording, 4, pp. 2445-2449. , Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) November-December 2004 Dallas, Tex, USA; Conway, T., Conway, R., Tosi, S., Signal processing for multitrack digital data storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (4), pp. 1333-1339; White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Nair, S.K., Newt, R.M.H., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 34 (4), pp. 1916-1918; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 23-29; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems: The potential and the problems, p. 6. , Proceedings of IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 02) April-May 2002 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) Journal of Physics D, 38 (12), pp. 199-R222; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Tjhai, C.J., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low-density parity-check codes (2007) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (10), pp. 3925-3929; Marrow, M., Wolf, J.K., Iterative detection of 2-dimensional ISI channels, pp. 134-131. , Proceedings of IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 03) March-April 2003 Paris, France; Gallager, R.G., (1963) Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, , Cambridge, MA, USA MIT Press; Pearl, J., (1988) Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, , San Mateo, Calif, USA Morgan Kaufmann; Shental, O., Weiss, A.J., Shental, N., Weiss, Y., Generalized belief propagation receiver for near-optimal detection of two-dimensional channels with memory, pp. 225-229. , Proceedings of IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 04) October 2004 San Antonio, Tex, USA; Osullivan, J.A., Singla, N., Wu, Y., Indeck, R.S., Iterative decoding for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels, p. 198. , Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 02) June-July 2002 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ma, X., Ping, L., Iterative detection/decoding for two-track partial response channels (2004) IEEE Communications Letters, 8 (7), pp. 464-466; Richardson, T.J., Urbanke, R.L., The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding (2001) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47 (2), pp. 599-618; Kurkoski, B.M., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Joint message-passing decoding of LDPC codes and partial-response channels (2002) IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 48 (6), pp. 1410-1422; Colavolpe, G., Germi, G., On the application of factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm to ISI channels (2005) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 53 (5), pp. 818-825; Kaynak, M.N., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Noise predictive belief propagation (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (12), pp. 4427-4434; Ten Brink, S., Kramer, G., Ashikhmin, A., Design of low-density parity-check codes for modulation and detection (2004) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 52 (4), pp. 670-678},
correspondence_address1={Duman, T. M.; Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States; email: duman@asu.edu},
issn={16876172},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Eurasip. J. Adv. Sign. Process.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2008,
author={Hellwig, O. and Moser, A. and Dobisz, E. and Bandic, Z.Z. and Yang, H. and Kercher, D.S. and Risner-Jamtgaard, J.D. and Yaney, D. and Fullerton, E.E.},
title={Suppression of magnetic trench material in bit patterned media fabricated by blanket deposition onto prepatterned substrates},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2008},
volume={93},
number={19},
doi={10.1063/1.3013857},
art_number={192501},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-56249123252&doi=10.1063%2f1.3013857&partnerID=40&md5=98c70191a736d5697e21a6d98a4d8323},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; Western Digital Media, 1710 Automation Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131, United States; Seagate Technology LLC, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={An attractive approach for bit patterned media fabrication is the blanket deposition of magnetic material onto prepatterned substrates with elevated pillars and recessed trench areas. One issue with this method is the residual magnetic material in the trenches that causes disturbing stray fields during writing and readback. Here we present a technique to suppress the magnetic moment in the trenches with an additional annealing step by using prepatterned substrates consisting of SiN pillars on a Si wafer. The annealing triggers an interdiffusion process between the magnetic media and the Si in the trenches that results in the formation of a nonmagnetic silicide, while the magnetic moment on top of the SiN pillars remains substantially unaltered. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Additional annealing;  Interdiffusion processes;  Magnetic medias;  Nonmagnetic;  Patterned medias;  SI wafers;  Stray fields;  Trench areas, Annealing;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic moments;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Semiconducting silicon compounds;  Silicides;  Silicon;  Silicon nitride;  Silicon wafers;  Substrates, Magnetic materials},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, p. 157; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., Landis, S., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 063512; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 162502; Brady, M.J., Gambino, R.J., (1996), U.S. Patent No. 5,585,140 (17 December); Ma, Q.Y., Yang, E.S., Laibowitz, R.B., Chang, C.A., (1992) J. Electron. Mater., 21, p. 487; Camerlingo, C., Huang, H., Ruggiero, B., Russo, M., Sarnelli, E., Testa, G., Correra, L., Su, Y., (1994) Physica C, 232, p. 44; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J702; Bardou, N., Bartenlian, B., Rousseaux, F., Decanini, D., Carcenac, F., Chappert, C., Veillet, P., Ferŕ, J., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 148, p. 293; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Fullerton, E.E., Hellwig, O., Lille, J.S., Olson, J.T., Vanderheijden, P.A., Yang, H., (2008), U.S. Patent No. 2008/0112079 A1 (15 May)},
correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: olav.hellwig@hitachigst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ruchhoeft2008607,
author={Ruchhoeft, P.},
title={Fabrication of large-area nanostructure arrays using aperture array lithography},
journal={2008 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE-NANO},
year={2008},
pages={607-608},
doi={10.1109/NANO.2008.182},
art_number={4617164},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2008 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE-NANO ; Conference Date: 18 August 2008 Through 21 August 2008;  Conference Code:73829},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-55349138759&doi=10.1109%2fNANO.2008.182&partnerID=40&md5=1ee532e002bb296d228805572a42b230},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX, 77204-4005, United States},
abstract={We have developed a technique for the rapid prototyping and fabrication of nanostructure arrays over large areas and with precisely controlled geometries. Our approach, aperture array lithography, uses energetic particles (typically He+, 5-30keV) to expose resist through a stencil mask that contains a large array (108-109 openings/cm2) of circular apertures. The mask is placed in close proximity to the substrate and can be scanned over the surface with nanometer-scale displacement to change the shape, density, and size of the printed patterns. This flexibility is well-suited for rapid prototyping of a variety of structures, including bit-patterned medium, solid-liquid separation filters, infrared bandpass filters, and ion lens arrays. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Aperture array lithography;  Ion-beam proximity lithography;  Lithography},
keywords={Bandpass filters;  Concurrent engineering;  Helium;  Job analysis;  Nanostructures;  Nanotechnology;  Rapid prototyping;  Wave filters, Aperture array lithography;  Aperture arrays;  Circular apertures;  Close proximities;  Energetic particles;  Infrared bandpass filters;  Large arrays;  Lens arrays;  Liquid separations;  Nanostructure arrays;  Patterned mediums;  Printed patterns;  Stencil masks, Lithography},
references={Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Ion beam aperture-array lithography (2001) Journ. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532. , Nov-Dec; Han, K., Rapid prototyping of infrared bandpass filters using aperture array lithography (2005) Journ. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 23, pp. 3158-3163; Ruehhoeft, P., Scattering mask concept for ion-beam nanolithography (2002) Journ. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, pp. 2705-2708. , Nov-Dec; Han, K., Fabrication and Characterization of Polymeric Microfiltration Membranes using Aperture Array Lithography (2005) Journal of Membrane Science, vol, , In Press; Parekh, V., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082},
correspondence_address1={Ruchhoeft, P.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , TX, 77204-4005, United States; email: PRuohhoeft@uh.edu},
address={Arlington, TX},
isbn={9781424421046},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Conf. Nanotechnology, IEEE-NANO},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20083132,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Nishimura, M. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H. and Nakamura, Y.},
title={Iterative decoding algorithm using attenuated information in PMR with bit-patterned medium},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={3132-3135},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.024},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53949110780&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.024&partnerID=40&md5=0c14b02886ee2aa04cd0b4e7fce18da3},
affiliation={Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan; RIEC, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; JST Innovation Plaza Miyagi, JST Agency, 6-6-5, Minami-yoshinari, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-3204, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding and iterative decoding system is studied in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) with a bit-patterned medium. We propose the efficient iterative decoding algorithm attenuating reliability information, and evaluate the sector error rate (SER) performance of the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system by R/W computer simulations. It is clarified that the proposed systems provide better SER performances than that of the conventional system at an areal density of 1 Tbit/in2 and can also prevent the error floor which appears in the performance of conventional system. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Error floor;  Iterative decoding;  LDPC code},
keywords={Boolean functions;  Clarification;  Codes (symbols);  Computational methods;  Computer simulation;  Decoding;  Error analysis;  Iterative methods;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Optical devices;  Programming theory, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned medium;  Conventional systems;  Decoding system;  Error floor;  Error Rate;  Iterative decoding algorithms;  LDPC code;  LDPC coding;  Low-density-parity check;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Reliability information, Iterative decoding},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan.},
references={Nutter, P.W., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 3551; Gallager, R.G., (1962) IRE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-8, p. 21; MacKay, D.J., (1996) Electron. Lett., 32, p. 1645; Nakamura, Y., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2277; Suzuki, Y., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10P108; Kschischang, R.R., (2001) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 47, p. 498; Kretzemer, E.R., (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun., 14, p. 67; Okamoto, Y., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, p. 259},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Okamoto20082874,
author={Okamoto, S. and Kikuchi, N. and Kato, T. and Kitakami, O. and Mitsuzuka, K. and Shimatsu, T. and Muraoka, H. and Aoi, H. and Lodder, J.C.},
title={Magnetization behavior of nanomagnets for patterned media application},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2874-2879},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.034},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53849108763&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.07.034&partnerID=40&md5=0c9cad1f4a029be19fcb2a754ad44f36},
affiliation={Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Information Storage Group, MESA+, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands},
abstract={Bit patterned media (BPM) which utilize each magnetic nanostructured dot as one recorded bit has attracted much interest as a promising candidate for future high-density magnetic recording. In this study, the magnetization reversal behaviors of nanostructured L10-FePt, Co/Pt multilayer (ML), and CoPt/Ru dots are investigated. For Co/Pt and CoPt/Ru nanodots, the bi-stable state is maintained in a very wide size range up to several hundred nm, and the magnetization reversal is dominated by the nucleation of a small reversed nucleus with the dimension of domain wall width. On the other hand, the critical size for the bi-stability of L10-FePt is about 60 nm, and its magnetization reversal proceeds via domain wall displacement even for such a small dot size. These reversal behaviors, depending on the magnetic materials, might be attributed to the difference in structural inhomogeneity, such as defects. In addition to the magnetic properties, the structural uniformity of the material could be crucial for the BPM application. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bi-stability;  Bit patterned media;  Magnetic nanodot;  Magnetization reversal},
keywords={Magnetic devices;  Magnetic recording;  Magnets;  Nanoimprint lithography, Bi-stability;  Bit patterned media;  High-density magnetic recording;  Magnetic nanodot;  Magnetization behavior;  Nano-magnets;  Nano-structured;  Patterned medium, Magnetization reversal},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work is partially supported by the “Research and Development for Next-Generation Information Technology of MEXT” and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from MEXT and the Storage Research Consortium in Japan.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Brown Jr., W.F., (1963) Micromagnetics, , Interscience Publisher, London, New York; Aharoni, A., (1998) Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism, , Clarendon press, Oxford; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettners, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J702; Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Kikuchi, N., Lodder, J.C., (2006) J. Magn. Soc., 30, p. 100. , (in Japanese); Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 4313; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., (2005) Scr. Mater., 53, p. 395; Okamoto, S., Kato, T., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Tezuka, N., Sugimoto, S., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C501; Kikuchi, N., Kato, T., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., Tezuka, N., Sugimoto, S., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07C510; Kikuchi, N., Murillo, R., Lodder, J.C., Mitsuzuka, K., Shimatsu, T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3613; Mitsuzuka, K., Kikuchi, N., Shimatsu, T., Kitakami, O., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Lodder, J.C., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2160; Okamoto, S., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 24413; Sürgers, C., Kay, E., Wang, X., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 80, p. 5753; Kikuchi, N., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 103, pp. 07D511; Belashchenko, K.D., Antropv, V.P., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 244, p. 258; Miyazaki, T., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Shimada, Y., Akase, Z., Murakami, Y., Shindo, D., Hono, K., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 144419; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909; Sakuma, A., Tanigawa, S., Tokunaga, M., (1990) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 84, p. 52; Kronmüller, H., (1987) Phys. Stat. Sol. (b), 144, p. 385; Komineas, S., Vaz, C.A.F., Bland, J.A.C., Papanicolaou, N., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 060405; Hrkac, G., Bance, S., Goncharov, A., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40, p. 2695; Thiele, A.A., (1970) J. Appl. Phys., 41, p. 1139; Shimatsu, T., Sato, H., Okazaki, Y., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, S., Kitakami, O., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G908; Shimatsu, T., Okazaki, Y., Sato, H., Kitakami, O., Okamoto, S., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2995},
correspondence_address1={Okamoto, S.; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, , Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hashimoto20082935,
author={Hashimoto, M. and Miura, K. and Muraoka, H. and Aoi, H. and Wood, R. and Salo, M. and Ikeda, Y.},
title={Influence of patterning fluctuation on read/write characteristics in discrete track and bit patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2935-2943},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.063},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749104878&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.063&partnerID=40&md5=9681cc8db41d7fbb42c8455168d9f2f9},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 2880 Kozu, Odawara, 256-8510, Japan; Research Institute of Electric Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Advanced Technologies, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CA 95193, United States; San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Road, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={The read/write characteristics of non-patterned media (NPM), discrete track media (DTM), and bit patterned media (BPM) are examined by modeling the magnetization distribution of NPM and patterning fluctuation of DTM. By comparing spin-stand measurement with calculation, the magnetization distribution of NPM was well characterized with a new Voronoi cell magnetic cluster model, in which the cluster size at the track edge, 〈Dedge〉, was larger than that at the track center, 〈Dcenter〉 by a factor of two. Based on an analysis of patterning fluctuations seen in SEM images of DTM, line-edge roughness (LER) was modeled as a long-wavelength center-line roughness (CLR) plus a short-wavelength line-width roughness (LWR). It was confirmed that the standard deviation of the patterning fluctuation was much smaller than that of the magnetic fluctuation for NPM. This allowed DTM to achieve higher off-track performance than NPM. By examining the 747 curves, it was revealed that DTM could have an advantage in track-density of up to approximately 25% assuming patterning fluctuations can be well controlled at high track density. In BPM, fabricating accurate dots is essential. The relationship between dot defect rate and patterning fluctuation was examined, and the maximum allowable standard deviation of LER was derived as 2 nm for achieving 1 Tbspi. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic fluctuation;  Media noise;  Patterning fluctuation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording},
keywords={Magnets;  Temperature control, Magnetic fluctuation;  Media noise;  Patterning fluctuation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording, Nanoimprint lithography},
references={Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Kronbi, M.T., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 3690; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196; Tsang, C., Bonhote, C., Dai, Q., Do, H., Knigge, B., Ikeda, Y., Le, Q., Xial, M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 145; Hashimoto, M., Salo, M., Ikeda, Y., Moser, A., Wood, R., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 3315; Suzuki, Y., Nishida, Y., Aoi, H., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 138; Miura, K., Sudo, D., Hashimoto, M., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Nakamura, Y., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2261; Constandoudis, V., Gogolides, E., (2005) Proc. SPIE, 5752, p. 1227},
correspondence_address1={Hashimoto, M.; Central Research Laboratory, 2880 Kozu, Odawara, 256-8510, Japan; email: mitsuhiro.hashimoto.fh@hitachi.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20082980,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Recording simulation beyond 2 Tbit/in2 on bit-patterned media with shielded planar head},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2980-2984},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.039},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749102554&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.039&partnerID=40&md5=3d59b9e8a2a46caca968ca170edef04d},
affiliation={Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita, 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={A simple technique for bit-patterned media was proposed to increase achievable areal recording densities beyond 2 Tbit/in2. Introduction of longitudinal magnetic anisotropy to the media indicated reduced effect of magnetostatic interaction between the dots. Recording simulation with a shielded planar pole head exhibited increased write shift margins in both down and cross track directions compared with that of the perpendicular anisotropy media. It was suggested that recording of an areal density of 2.5 Tbit/in2 would be realized with a down and cross track margins of 3.5 and 4.0 nm, respectively. Better recording performance at high areal densities is expected if suitable head could be designed. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Beyond 2 Tbit/in2;  Bit patterned media;  Longitudinal anisotropy;  Recording simulation},
keywords={Beyond 2 Tbit/in2;  Bit patterned media;  Longitudinal anisotropy;  Recording simulation},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, SRC},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Akita Prefecture CREATE, JST and the Storage Research Consortium (SRC). The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Iwasaki, Chair of Tohoku Institute of Technology, for his stimulating guidance.},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), p. 2142; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), p. 2422; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), p. 1594; N. Honda, K. Ouchi, Design and recording simulation of 1 Tb/in2 patterned media, Digest of Intermag 2006, FB-02, San Diego, CA, May 2006, p. 562},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kondo20083157,
author={Kondo, Y. and Chiba, T. and Ariake, J. and Taguchi, K. and Suzuki, M. and Takagaki, M. and Kawamura, N. and Zulfakri, B.M. and Hosaka, S. and Honda, N.},
title={Element-specific hard X-ray micro-magnetometry of magnetic modifications in Co-Pt dots fabricated by ion etching},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={3157-3160},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.096},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749101098&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.096&partnerID=40&md5=d92d4d89ab73831d5e68077d85bb05ad},
affiliation={Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita, 010-1623, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan; Department of Nano Material System, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={We developed a micro-magnetometry with a 2.5 μm spatial resolution based on micro X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique in order to study magnetic properties of dot arrays for bit-patterned media. This micro-magnetometer was applied to the magnetic characterization of Co-Pt dot arrays fabricated by ion beam etching. As the dot size became small, the intensity of XMCD drastically decreased for dots fabricated by Ga-focused ion beam. This suggested that the dot edges were damaged magnetically by implantation of Ga ions. The damaged width of the dot edge was estimated to be about 13 nm from the decrease in XMCD intensities. This damaged edge width agreed with the ion-implanted area estimated by Monte-Carlo simulation. The less-damaged effect of Ar ion etching was verified by the XMCD measurement of Co-Pt dots with diameter of 20 and 70 nm. It was concluded that ions with inertness, lower energy and smaller atomic number should be used to fabricate dot arrays with an areal density of 1 Tbit/in2. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Co-Pt dot;  Ion implantation;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism},
keywords={Atoms;  Beam plasma interactions;  Cobalt;  Cobalt compounds;  Dichroism;  Electrolysis;  Electromagnetic waves;  Etching;  Ion beams;  Ion bombardment;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic measuring instruments;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetometers;  Optical properties;  Platinum;  Semiconductor quantum dots, Bit-patterned media;  Co-Pt dot;  Ion implantation;  X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, Ions},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This work was partly supported by grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (B) (No. 19760243) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. This work was performed at BL39XU in SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal no. 2005B0785, 2006B0123, 2007B1727).},
references={N. Honda, K. Ouchi, Digests of Intermag 2006, FB-02, San Diego, May 2006, p. 562; I. Nakatani, T. Takahashi, M. Hijikata, T. Furubayashi, K. Ozawa, H. Hanaoka, Japan Patent 1888363, 1991, publication JP03-022211A; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Kondo, Y., Keitoku, T., Takahashi, S., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., (2006) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 30, p. 112; M. Suzuki, M. Takagaki, Y. Kondo, N. Kawamura, J. Ariake, T. Chiba, H. Mimura, T. Ishikawa, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, AIP Conference Series, vol. 879, 2007, p. 1699; M. Takagaki, M. Suzuki, N. Kawamura, H. Mimura, T. Ishikawa, in: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on X-ray Microscopy, IPAP Conference Series, vol. 7, 2006, p. 267; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725; Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P., Littmark, U., (1985) The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, , Pergamon Press, New York},
correspondence_address1={Kondo, Y.; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, 4-21 Sanuki, Araya, Akita, 010-1623, Japan; email: kondo@rdc.pref.akita.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sheeda20082952,
author={Sheeda, N. and Okami, S. and Komine, T. and Sugita, R.},
title={Analysis of waveform from perpendicular magnetic printed media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2952-2954},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.003},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749100539&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=2ed5992748944a9fde4f8eb8a2e3e347},
affiliation={Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan},
abstract={Edge printing is one of the perpendicular magnetic printing methods for writing servo signals with high speed, high accuracy and low cost. Sub-peaks of waveform from edge printed media are concerned as the sub-peaks can cause errors during the read-back process. In this study, in order to reduce sub-peaks, the influence of printing field, bit length and patterned magnetic layer thickness of master medium on sub-peaks is investigated by using a metal-evaporated (ME) tape as a slave medium. The results show that sub-peak to main peak ratio decreases with stronger printing field, smaller bit length and thicker patterned magnetic layer of master media. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit length;  Magnetic printing;  Printing field;  Sub-peaks},
keywords={Magnetic devices;  Printing, Bit length;  Magnetic printing;  Printing field;  Sub-peaks, Magnetic materials},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by NEDO. The authors would like to thank the members of Fuji Film Co., Ltd. for fruitful discussion.},
references={Okami, S., Ushigome, R., Sheeda, N., Komine, T., Sugita, R., (2007) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 31 (3), p. 168; Saito, A., Hamada, T., Ishida, T., Takano, Y., Yonezawa, E., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2195; Saito, A., Sato, K., Takano, Y., Yonezawa, E., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1389; Izumi, A., Komine, T., Murata, T., Sugita, R., (2007) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 31, p. 402},
correspondence_address1={Komine, T.; Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan; email: komine@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Heinonen20082885,
author={Heinonen, O. and Gao, K.Z.},
title={Extensions of perpendicular recording},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2885-2888},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.041},
note={cited By 17},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749100005&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.07.041&partnerID=40&md5=8e67b22b23ed439859700e72c7315321},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, 7801 Computer Avenue South, Bloomington, MN, United States},
abstract={Gains in storage density in magnetic recording have fundamentally been achieved by scaling-reduced geometrical dimensions under the assumption that the recording physics does not change if all dimensions are scaled appropriately. It is becoming clear that evidence of the breakdown of scaling is now seen. We will here discuss ways to break the constraints on magnetic recording set by scaling. In particular, we will discuss energy-assisted recording, domain-wall-assisted recording, and bit-patterned media, with some emphasis on recording system considerations. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Microwave-assisted recording;  Perpendicular recording},
keywords={Magnetic devices;  Magnetic storage, Bit patterned media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording;  Microwave-assisted recording;  Perpendicular recording, Magnetic recording},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; K.Z. Gao, O. Heinonen, Y. Chen, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.05.025; Smith, N., Arnett, P., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 1448; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; X. Zhu, J.-G. Zhu, Localized microwave field generation for perpendicular recording at deep subcoercivity, in: IEEE International Magnetics Conference 2006, 8-12 May 2006, p. 445; Zhu, J.-G., Zhu, X., Microwave assisted magnetic recording (2008) IEEE Trans. Mag., 44, p. 125; Seigler, M.A., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, p. 119; Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2828; Thirion, C., Wernsdorfer, W., Mailly, D., (2003) Nat. Mater., 2, p. 524; Bertotti, G., Serpico, C., Mayergoyz, I.D., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 724; Mo, N., (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, p. 022506; Houssameddine, D., Ebels, U., Delaët, B., Rodmacq, B., Firastrau, I., Ponthenier, F., Brunet, M., Dieny, B., (2007) Nat. Mater., 6, p. 447; Rioppard, W.H., Pufall, M.R., Kaka, S., Russek, S.E., Silva, T.J., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, p. 027201; A. Lyberatos, R. Chantrell, Unpublished; Thiele, J.-U., Coffey, K.R., Toney, M.F., Hedstrom, J.A., Kellock, A.J., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6595; D. Suess, Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording, in: The Eighth Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference PMRC, 2007, 16pA-02; R. H. Victora, X. Shen, S. Hernandez, Exchange-coupled composite media: future directions, in: The Eighth Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference PMRC, 2007, 17pB-05; Shen, X., Victora, R.H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2172; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Dittrich, R., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290, p. 551; A. Dobin, H.J. Richter, in: IEEE International Magnetics Conference, 2006 INTERMAG 2006, 8-12 May, 2006, p. 260; Che, X., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 4106; See, for example, H.J. Richter, A. Yu. Dobin, D.K. Weller, Data storage device with bit patterned media with staggered islands, USPTO Patent Application 20070258161; Hughes, G.F., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Wachenschwanz, D., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 670},
correspondence_address1={Heinonen, O.; Seagate Technology, 7801 Computer Avenue South, Bloomington, MN, United States; email: Olle.G.Heinonen@seagate.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Schabes20082880,
author={Schabes, M.E.},
title={Micromagnetic simulations for terabit/in2 head/media systems},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2880-2884},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.07.035},
note={cited By 48},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098142&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.07.035&partnerID=40&md5=5855130ef9bc9c4f778cc54a2378198c},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, Hitachi GST, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned (BP) recording is a candidate for extending magnetic data storage towards 10 Tb/in2 bit densities. An analysis of the design tolerances is carried out using dynamic micromagnetic simulations and statistical models. The effects of distributions of the magnetic material properties on phase margin and addressability error-rate during writing are investigated. At 1.3 Tb/in2 a rapid increase of the error-rate is observed when the write-synchronization deviates from the optimum phase φ0. Estimates of the fabrication and write-synchronization tolerances are derived from the phase margins. It is shown that the switching-field distribution (from intra-island variations and inter-island interactions) as well as the fabrication and synchronization tolerances must be tightly controlled for Tb/in2 applications. At ultra-high densities, BP media may need to be combined with energy-assisted writing, which is referred to as second-generation BP recording. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned medium;  Magnetic recording;  Micromagnetic simulation},
keywords={Magnetic storage, Bit-patterned medium;  Magnetic data;  Magnetic recording;  Micromagnetic simulation, Data recording},
references={Tsang, C., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 145; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.v.d., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2255; M.E. Schabes, The write process and thermal stability in bit-patterned recording media, Paper DA-05, 10th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference, Baltimore, 2007; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909; Schabes, M.E., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Ertl, O., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3073; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2224; T. Schrefl, private communication, 2007; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 38 (12), pp. R199; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Faehler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Sendur, K., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1972; Nembach, H.T., Pimentel, P.M., Hermsdoerfer, S.J., Leven, B., Hillebrands, B., Demokritov, S.O., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 062503; J.G. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Tang, Microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR), Digests of PMRC 2007, 15pA-05, Tokyo, 2007; INSIC, Workgroups on 10 Tb/in2 magnetic recording, 2007; A. Dobin, Micromagnetic simulations of the domain wall assisted magnetic recording at ultra-high densities, Paper FC-02, 52nd Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Tampa, 2007},
correspondence_address1={Schabes, M.E.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: manfred.schabes@hitachigst.com},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Degawa20083092,
author={Degawa, N. and Greaves, S.J. and Muraoka, H. and Kanai, Y.},
title={Optimisation of bit patterned media for 1 Tb/in2},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={3092-3095},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.097},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749088309&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.097&partnerID=40&md5=00bddcca2731e21a66205946d3f5f0ad},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; IEE, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={Micromagnetic simulations were used to investigate the influence of patterned media geometry on the signal to noise ratio (SNR), adjacent track erasure and write margin for a target recording density of 1 Tb/in2. For an ideal patterned medium the readback noise was a maximum when the read head was directly over the dots and a minimum at the transitions. The SNR improved for smaller dots due to the larger dot separation. However, the ideal media with the highest SNR were also the most susceptible to dispersions of dot size and position. Low temperature simulations suggest that large write margins are available; however, at room temperature the write margin can be much reduced. Increasing the rise time of the write head had a deleterious effect on the write margin and the write margin was zero for rise times of more than 0.45 ns. Nevertheless, error-free writing at 1 Tb/in2 could be achieved using appropriate head geometries and material parameters. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording},
keywords={Nanoimprint lithography, Adjacent track erasure;  Bit-patterned media;  Micro-magnetic simulation;  Optimisation;  Patterned media;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording density;  Signal to noise, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Albrecht, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Kanai, Y., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. e287},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S.J.; RIEC, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kanai20082971,
author={Kanai, Y. and Hirasawa, K. and Tsukamoto, T. and Yoshida, K. and Greaves, S. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Micromagnetic recording field analysis of a fast-switching single-pole-type head},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={22},
pages={2971-2974},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.08.086},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749085196&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.08.086&partnerID=40&md5=1424debb824de2d9e1be0615147b6f99},
affiliation={Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan; Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan; Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Single-pole-type (SPT) heads for perpendicular magnetic recording were investigated using a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) micromagnetic analysis program running on a PC cluster system. Dynamic recording fields were calculated for various driving currents, head structures and head materials. The dynamic head field response is discussed with regard to the write timing window for bit-patterned media, as described in previous papers. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Head field rise time;  Micromagnetic simulation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole-type head},
keywords={Dynamic response;  Magnetic heads;  Poles, Head field rise time;  Micromagnetic simulation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole-type head, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Semiconductor Research CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation, SRC},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 18,560,352},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#18,560,352) and SRC, Japan.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-42, p. 2255; Heinonen, O., Bozeman, S.P., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08S301; T. Miyata, E. Uda, K. Yoshida, IEICE Technical Report, 2007, MR2006-76 (in Japanese); Kanai, Y., Saiki, M., Hirasawa, K., Yoshida, K., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-44, p. 1602; Kanai, Y., Saiki, M., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320, pp. e287; Degawa, N., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., (2007) PMRC, , (16pE-04); [Online]. Available:JMAG-Studio, Commercial software, JRI Solutions, Ltd. 〈http://www.jri.co.jp/pro-eng/jmag/e/jmg/index.html〉; Kaya, A., Benakli, M., Mallary, M.L., Bain, J.A., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-42, p. 2428; Scholz, W., Batra, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-41, p. 702; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-41, p. 3064; Takano, K., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-41, p. 696; [Online]. Available: Storage Research Consortium (SRC) 〈http://www.srcjp.gr.jp/HomeE.htm〉; Xing, X., Taratorin, A., Klaassen, K.B., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-43, p. 2181},
correspondence_address1={Kanai, Y.; Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan; email: kanai@iee.niit.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Gupta200835,
author={Gupta, S. and Highsmith, A. and Xiao, L. and Tadisina, Z.R. and Brown, M.E. and Guenther, C.L. and Burkett, S. and Kotru, S.},
title={Device fabrication for data storage, semiconductor and MEMS applications at the University of Alabama microfabrication facility},
journal={Biennial University/Government/Industry Microelectronics Symposium - Proceedings},
year={2008},
pages={35-40},
doi={10.1109/UGIM.2008.17},
art_number={4573195},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2008 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium - UGIM ; Conference Date: 13 July 2008 Through 16 July 2008;  Conference Code:73508},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51849104628&doi=10.1109%2fUGIM.2008.17&partnerID=40&md5=c0c3f3e4fbbb122bdb9ade86eeb00436},
affiliation={Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States; University of Alabama Microfabrication Facility, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States},
abstract={Over the past two years, a Class 100/1000 microfabrication facility set up at the University of Alabama for development of a meso-scale gyroscope has been turned into a central user facility for materials and device research. We will describe a wide range of processes and devices that are being researched, fabricated and optimized in this facility. These include a) a current-perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistive (CPP-GMR) sensor, b) precisely shaped silicon tips for atom probe specimens, c) nanosphere lithography for bit-patterned graded media, d) through silicon vias (TSVs) for integration of Si and GaAs-based circuitry, and the original focus of the facility, e) a meso-scale gyroscope for general aviation. These diversely funded efforts represent research programs from the materials and electrical engineering departments, all led by female faculty members and involving several graduate and undergraduate students from under-represented groups. The UA Microfabrication Facility, is successfully incubating and supporting several different areas of funded as well as unfunded research that could lead to significant increases in research expenditures. © 2008 IEEE.},
keywords={Atom probes;  CPP-GMR;  Data storage;  Device fabrications;  Engineering departments;  Female faculty;  General Aviation;  Magnetoresistive;  MEMS applications;  Meso-scale;  Nanosphere lithography;  Research expenditures;  Research programs;  Silicon tips;  Through-silicon vias;  Undergraduate students;  University of Alabama, Aviation;  Fabrication;  Gyroscopes;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Microanalysis;  Microfabrication;  Micromachining;  Nonmetals;  Optical design;  Semiconducting silicon compounds;  Silicon;  Technology, Engineering research},
references={Zeenath R. Tadisina, Subhadra Gupta, Patrick LeClair and Tim Mewes, in press, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A July/August 2008; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, p. 2828; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 89, p. 113105; Lu, (2007) IEEE Trans Magn, 43, p. 2941; Shimatsu, (2004) IEEE Trans. Mag, 40, p. 2483; Benelbar, R., Burkett, S., Clark, G., Dishong, J., Essary, C., McGuire, G., Mongia, R., Yok, S., (2007) Proc. GOMAC Tech. Conference, pp. 413-414; S. Burkett and L. Schaper, Chapter 17, Through Silicon Via (TSV) Interconnect Process at the University of Arkansas, P. Garrou, P. Ramm, and C. Bower, Editors, Wiley Press, in press; Abhulimen, I.U., Lam, T., Kamto, A., Burkett, S., Schaper, L., Cai, L., (2007) IEEE Region 5 conference, pp. 102-104. , Fayetteville, AR, pp, April},
correspondence_address1={Gupta, S.; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States},
address={Louisville, KY},
issn={07496877},
isbn={9781424424849},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Bien Univ Gov Ind Microelectr Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chen2008,
author={Chen, Y.J. and Huang, T.L. and Leong, S.H. and Hu, S.B. and Ng, K.W. and Yuan, Z.M. and Zong, B.Y. and Liu, B. and Ng, V.},
title={A study of multirow-per-track bit patterned media by spinstand testing and magnetic force microscopy},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2008},
volume={93},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.2978326},
art_number={102501},
note={cited By 15},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51749116912&doi=10.1063%2f1.2978326&partnerID=40&md5=3365462dddf01ad84b2861c99b530c42},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117576 Singapore, Singapore},
abstract={We propose and demonstrate a concept of multirow-per-track bit patterned media (BPM) recording to overcome the problems encountered with the conventional one-row-per-track design. Focused ion beam was used on continuous granular perpendicular magnetic media to fabricate the prototype structures consisting of birow tracks with sub-100-nm single domain magnetic islands with the two rows of islands to be interleaved along the track direction, as well as an additional nonmagnetic spacer band between adjacent birow tracks for further bit aspect ratio (BAR) 2 adjustment. Readback from such birow tracks with a two-row-wide read head was performed by dynamic spinstand testing. The proposed concept BPM provides many advantages including higher linear recording density (under the same lithographic limit), therefore enabling a higher data rate and a greater BAR2 for better integration with head design and servocontrol, as well as allowing the use of wider thus larger recording heads to improve writing efficiency for high density recording. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Acoustic surface wave filters;  Ion bombardment;  Landforms;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic materials;  Microscopic examination;  Nanoimprint lithography, Bit-patterned media;  Non-magnetic spacers;  Spin-stand, Data recording},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Ross, C.A., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , For BPM review, see, 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560144, (), and references therein;, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 1531-7331 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.203 31, 203 (2001), and references therein; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560142; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101. , 0021-8979 10.1063/1.362440; http://www.komag.com, For recent DTM prototyping and demonstration announcement, see press release from the following companies, Komag () (DTM proof-of-principle demonstration, 18/Feb/2004), Toshiba (http://www.toshiba.co.jp) (DTM drive prototype with 333 Gbits/ in.2, 06/Sep/2007), and TDK (http://www.tdk.com) (DTM demonstration with 602 Gbits/ in.2, 04/Oct/2007); Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2209179; Rubin, K.A., Terris, B.D., Rechter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Weller, D.K., (2005), U.S. Patent No. 6,937,421B2 ();, U.S. Patent No. 20,070,258,161A1 (2007); European Patent No. 1,855,273A2 (2007); Chen, Y.J., Ng, K.W., Leong, S.H., Guo, Z.B., Shi, J.Z., Liu, B., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2195. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.847627; Pang, B.S., Chen, Y.J., Leong, S.H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 094103. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2169851; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763},
correspondence_address1={Chen, Y. J.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, 117608 Singapore, Singapore; email: chen_yunjie@ieee.org},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nabavi20082061,
author={Nabavi, S. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K. and Bain, J.A.},
title={Mitigating the effects of track mis-registration in bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE International Conference on Communications},
year={2008},
pages={2061-2065},
doi={10.1109/ICC.2008.395},
art_number={4533431},
note={cited By 5; Conference of IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2008 ; Conference Date: 19 May 2008 Through 23 May 2008;  Conference Code:73328},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51249108165&doi=10.1109%2fICC.2008.395&partnerID=40&md5=a3ad163965399b349e67a145cfbd3038},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={In bit-patterned media (BPM) aimed at magnetic recording densities of 1 Tbit/in2 and higher, adjacent tracks may become very close leading to significant inter-track interference (ITI). Read-head offset or track mis-registration (TMR) can further degrade the performance of the channel. To investigate the effects of ITI and TMR on the performance of the channel, we have developed a two-dimensional (2D) pulse response simulator for BPM. Simulation results using these pulse responses suggest that equalizers and detectors optimized for zero TMR may not perform well in the presence of TMR. To mitigate the effects of TMR, we propose a modified trellis for the Viterbi algorithm (VA). The modified VA (MVA) takes into account the ITI while computing branch metrics. Simulation results show that the MVA can improve the bit error rate in the presence of TMR. ©2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interference;  Track mis-registration;  Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Inter-track interference;  Track mis-registration;  Viterbi algorithm, Magnetic recording},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned Media Recording Systems - the Potential and the Problems (2002) Intermag 2002, , Digest of Technical Papers, no. GA6; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned Media: A Viable Rout to 50Gbit/in2 and up for Magnetic Recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, Noise, and Servo Characteristics of Patterned Thin Film Media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of Island Distribution on Error Rate Performance in Patterned Media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Zhu, J., Modifying Viterbi Algorithm to Mitigate Inter-track Interference in Bit-Patterned Media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Roh, B.G., Lee, S.U., Moon, J., Single-Head/Single-Track Detection in Interfering Tracks (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4), pp. 1830-1838; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-Dimensional Generalized Partial Response Equalizer for Bit-Patterned Media (2007) Proc. ICC, pp. 6249-6254. , Glasgow, Scotland, pp; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage technology, , Academic Press, Ch 6; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track Spacing Loss of Shielded MR Heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273; Wiesen, K., Cross, B., GMR Head Side-Reading and Bit Aspect Ratio (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2609-2611; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Parallels between playback in perpendicular and longitudinal recording (2003) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 257, pp. 126-131},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
address={Beijing},
issn={05361486},
isbn={9781424420742},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int Conf Commun},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Matsumoto2008,
author={Matsumoto, T. and Nakamura, K. and Nishida, T. and Hieda, H. and Kikitsu, A. and Naito, K. and Koda, T.},
title={Thermally assisted magnetic recording on a bit-patterned medium by using a near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2008},
volume={93},
number={3},
doi={10.1063/1.2960344},
art_number={031108},
note={cited By 35},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-48249129749&doi=10.1063%2f1.2960344&partnerID=40&md5=fa46afaf6364d3d81faaf27f6f3e586a},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan; Development and Technology Division, Hitachi Maxell, Ltd., Tsukubamirai 300-2496, Japan},
abstract={A near-field optical head with a beaked metallic plate was used for writing marks on a CoPd bit-patterned medium with a diameter of 20-25 nm and a pitch of 30 nm. Magnetic-force-microscope images of the medium show that the magnetizations of single bits were selectively reversed by the head. The light-utilization efficiency (defined as the ratio of the absorbed power in the medium to the incident light power) was estimated from the writing condition used and thermal modeling as about 5%. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Optical devices;  Plates (structural components), Absorbed power;  American Institute of Physics (AIP);  Incident light power (ILP);  Magnetic (CE);  Metallic plates;  Microscope images;  Near fields;  Optical heads;  Patterned medium;  Utilization efficiency, Optical recording},
funding_text 1={This work was conducted as a part of the Terabyte Optical Storage Technology Project of the Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association (OITDA). OITDA contracted with the Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry of Japan (METI) to undertake the project in 2002 and recontracted with the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) to undertake it in 2003. (Funds were provided by METI.)},
references={Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 38, p. 1839; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; New, R.H.M., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196; McDaniel, T.W., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, p. 315; (1998) Near-field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology, , edited by M. Ohtsu (Springer, Tokyo); Saiki, T., Mononobe, S., Ohtsu, M., Saito, N., Kusano, J., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, p. 2612; Yatsui, T., Kourogi, M., Ohtsu, M., (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, p. 2090; Yatsui, T., Kourogi, M., Tsutsui, K., Takahashi, J., Ohtsu, M., (2000) Opt. Lett., 25, p. 1279; Shi, X., Hesselink, L., Thornton, R.L., (2003) Opt. Lett., 28, p. 1320; Thio, T., Pellerin, K.M., Linke, R.A., Lezec, H.J., Ebbesen, T.W., (2001) Opt. Lett., 26, p. 1972; Matsumoto, T., Shimano, T., Saga, H., Sukeda, H., Kiguchi, M., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 3901; Matsumoto, T., Anzai, Y., Shintani, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., (2006) Opt. Lett., 31, p. 259; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 19, p. 425; Igarashi, M., Sugita, Y., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2399; Chikazumi, S., (1987) Physics of Ferromagnetism, 2, pp. 29-30. , (Shokabo, Tokyo), Vol; Abramson, A.R., Tien, C., Majumdar, A., (2002) J. Heat Transfer, 124, p. 963; Cahill, D.G., Ford, W.K., Goodson, K.E., Mahan, G.D., Majumbar, A., Maris, H.J., Merlin, R., Phillpot, S.R., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 793},
correspondence_address1={Matsumoto, T.; Central Research Laboratory, , Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; email: takuya.matsumoto.eg@hitachi.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Litvinov200893,
author={Litvinov, D. and Parekh, V. and E, C. and Smith, D. and Rantschler, J. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Nanoscale bit-patterned media for next generation data storage systems},
journal={Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics},
year={2008},
volume={3},
number={2},
pages={93-112},
doi={10.1166/jno.2008.201},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62649144608&doi=10.1166%2fjno.2008.201&partnerID=40&md5=4317251e0f0084b6c82bc37ac24c7cae},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Seagate Technology, Recording Media Operations, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States},
abstract={Recording physics, design considerations, fabrication, and characterization of bit-patterned magnetic medium for next generation data storage systems is presented. (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers are evaluated as candidates for bit-patterned medium recording layer materials for their high and easily tunable magnetic anisotropy. Optimized patterned multilayers used in this study had coercivities in excess of 12-14 kOe. Bit patterning was accomplished using ion-beam proximity printing, a high-throughput direct write lithography where a large array of ion beamlets shaped by a stencil mask is used to write an arbitrary device pattern. It is found that the nature of magnetization reversal strongly depends on bit edge imperfections and is likely to contribute to switching field distribution. Copyright © 2008 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic data storage;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Recording physics},
keywords={Human computer interaction;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetism;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Optical devices, Beamlets;  Bit-patterned medias;  Bit-patterned mediums;  Coercivities;  Data storage systems;  Design considerations;  Direct-write lithographies;  High throughputs;  Large arrays;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic mediums;  Magnetization - reversals;  Nano-scale;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Proximity printings;  Recording layers;  Recording physics;  Stencil masks;  Switching field distributions, Magnetic storage},
references={Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 4; Lu, P.L., Charap, S., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30, p. 4230; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands; D. Clark, Seagate Introduces Disk Drive with 25% more Storage Capacity, Wall Street Journal, NY, New York (2005), p. B.7; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1719; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 521; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., Hughes, G.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 85, p. 5318; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91, p. 6845; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2529; Wolfe, J.C., Pendharkar, S.V., Ruchhoeft, P., Sen, S., Morgan, M.D., Horne, W.E., Tiberio, R.C., Randall, J.N., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 3896; Lodder, J.C., Wind, D.D., Dorssen, G.E.V., Pompa, T.J.A., Hubert, A., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn, 23, p. 214; Lu, B., Weller, D., Ju, G.P., Sunder, A., Karns, D., Wu, M.L., Wu, X.W., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, p. 1908; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35, p. 4423; Klemmer, T., Hoydick, D., Okumura, H., Zhang, B., Soffa, W.A., (1995) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 33, p. 1793; Cheong, B., Laughlin, D.E., (1993) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 29, p. 829; Judy, J.H., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, p. 16; Carcia, P.F., (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 63, p. 5066; Brucker, C.F., (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 70, p. 6065; Brucker, C., Nolan, T., Lu, B., Kubota, Y., Plumer, M., Lu, P.L., Cronch, R., Tabat, N., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, p. 673; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 98, p. 024505; Chang, C.H., Kryder, M.H., (1994) J. Appl. Phys, 75, p. 6864; Litvinov, D., Roscamp, T., Klemmer, T.J., Wu, M., Howard, J.K., Khizroev, S., (2001) Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 674, pp. T3.9; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 232, p. 84; Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., Klemmer, T.J., Howard, K., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 89, p. 7531; M. R. Scheinfein, LLG Micromagnetic Simulator, 2.56th edn. (2005); Stumbo, D.P., Damm, G.A., Sen, S., Engler, D.W., Fong, F.O., Wolfe, J.C., Oro, J.A., (1991) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 9, p. 3597; Han, K.P., Xu, W.D., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Chellam, S., (2005) J. Membr. Sci, 249, p. 193; Word, M.J., Adesida, I., Berger, P.R., (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, pp. L12; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, p. 2079; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 249, p. 452; Ziegler, J.F., (2003) SRIM/TRIM; Smith, C.E.D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99, p. 113901; Cinal, M., Edwards, D.M., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 3636; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, p. 978},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX 77204, United States},
issn={1555130X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Litvinov2008463,
author={Litvinov, D. and Parekh, V. and Chunsheng, E. and Smith, D. and Owen Rantschler, J. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of nanoscale bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology},
year={2008},
volume={7},
number={4},
pages={463-476},
doi={10.1109/TNANO.2008.920183},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-48849109174&doi=10.1109%2fTNANO.2008.920183&partnerID=40&md5=ca05203021d56fe46f53c8432d808d1a},
affiliation={Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States},
abstract={Recording physics, design considerations, and fabrication of bit-patterned magnetic medium for next generation data storage systems is presented. (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers are evaluated as candidates for bit-patterned medium recording layer materials for their high and easily tunable magnetic anisotropy. The optimized patterned multilayers used in this study had coercivities in excess of 12-14 kOe. Bit patterning was accomplished using ion-beam proximity printing, a high-throughput direct write lithography where a large array of ion beamlets shaped by a stencil mask is used to write an arbitrary device pattern. It is found that the nature of magnetization reversal strongly depends on bit edge imperfections and is likely to contribute to switching field distribution. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic data storage;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Recording physics},
keywords={Data storage equipment;  Magnetic storage;  Optical design, Bit-patterned media;  Data storage systems;  Design considerations;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic medium;  Nano scaling;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Recording physics, Data recording},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF},
funding_details={National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health, NIH},
funding_details={Office of Naval ResearchOffice of Naval Research, ONR},
funding_details={Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAir Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR},
funding_text 1={He was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF)—Navy Fellowship. His research is focused on understanding the physics and solving man-ufacturability issues of bit patterned media.},
funding_text 2={Manuscript received September 14, 2007; revised December 11, 2007. This work was supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the National Institute of Health, the Information Storage Industry Consortium, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor K. Likharev.},
references={Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Lu, P.L., Charap, S., Thermal-instability at 10-Gbit/In(2) magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232. , Nov; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer; D. Clark, Seagate introduces disk drivewith 25% more storage capacity, in Wall Street Journal. New York, 2005, p. B.7; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., One terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4), pp. 1719-1724. , Jul; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., Hughes, G.F., Writing on perpendicular patterned media at high density and data rate (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 85, pp. 5318-5320; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91, pp. 6845-6847; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Ion beam aperture-array lithography (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532; Wolfe, J.C., Pendharkar, S.V., Ruchhoeft, P., Sen, S., Morgan, M.D., Horne, W.E., Tiberio, R.C., Randall, J.N., A proximity ion beam lithography process for high density nanostructures (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, pp. 3896-3899; Lodder, J.C., Wind, D.D., van, G.E., Dorssen, Pompa, T.J.A., Hubert, A., Domains and magnetization reversals in CoCr (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn, 23 (1), pp. 214-216. , Jan; Lu, B., Weller, D., Ju, G.P., Sunder, A., Karns, D., Wu, M.L., Wu, X.W., Development of Co-alloys for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (4), pp. 1908-1913. , Jul; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (6), pp. 4423-4439. , Nov; Klemmer, T., Hoydick, D., Okumura, H., Zhang, B., andW, Soffa, A., Magnetic hardening and coercivity mechanisms in L1(0) ordered FePd ferromagnets (1995) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 33, pp. 1793-1805; Cheong, B., Laughlin, D.E., morphology of structural domains in a congruently ordered L10 phase Fe-Pd alloy (1993) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 29, pp. 829-834; Judy, J.H., Advancements in PMR thin-film media (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 16-26; Carcia, P.F., Perpendicular magnetic-anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pt/Co thinfilm layered structures (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 63, pp. 5066-5073; Brucker, C.F., High-coercivity Co/Pd multilayer films by heavy inert-gas sputtering (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 70, pp. 6065-6067; Brucker, C., Nolan, T., Lu, B., Kubota, Y., Plumer, M., Lu, P.L., Cronch, R., Tabat, N., Perpendicular media: Alloy versus multilayer (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (2), pp. 673-678. , Mar; Ch, E., Smith, D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Physics of patterned magnetic medium recording: Design considerations (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 98, pp. 1-8; Chang, C.H., Kryder, M.H., Effect of substrate roughness on microstructure, uniaxial anisotropy, and coercivity of Co/Pt multilayer thinfilms (1994) J. Appl. Phys, 75, pp. 6864-6866; D. Litvinov, T. Roscamp, T. J. Klemmer, M. Wu, J. K. Howard, and S. Khizroev, Co/Pd multilayers for perpendicular recording media, in Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., 2001, 674, pp. T3.9.1-T3.9.6; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., Recording physics of perpendicular media: Soft underlayers (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 232, pp. 84-90; Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., Klemmer, T.J., Howard, K., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Seed-layer effect on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 89, pp. 7531-7533; M. R. Scheinfein, LLG micromagnetic simulation, 2.56 ed., 2005. Available: http://llgmicro.home.mindspring.com/; Stumbo, D.P., Damm, G.A., Sen, S., Engler, D.W., Fong, F.O., Wolfe, J.C., Oro, J.A., High-precision motion and alignment in an ion-beam proximity printing system (1991) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 9, pp. 3597-3600; Han, K.P., Xu, W.D., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Chellam, S., Fabrication and characterization of polymeric microfiltration membranes using aperture array lithography (2005) J. Membr. Sci, 249, pp. 193-206; Word, M.J., Adesida, I., Berger, P.R., Nanometer-period gratings in hydrogen silsesquioxane fabricated by electron beam lithography (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, pp. L12-L15; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Theoretical study of magnetic pattern replication by He+ ion irradiation through stencil masks (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 249, pp. 452-457; Ziegler, J.F., (2003) SRIM/TRIM, , http://www.srim.org, Available; Ch, E., Smith, D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Combinatorial synthesis of Co/Pd magnetic multilayers (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99, pp. 113901-1-113901-6; Cinal, M., Edwards, D.M., Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Co/Pd structures (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, pp. 3636-3648; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans.Magn, 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: litvinov@uh.edu},
issn={1536125X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kanai2008,
author={Kanai, Y. and Saiki, M. and Hirasawa, K. and Tsukamoto, T. and Yoshida, K. and Greaves, S.J. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Micromagnetic recording field analysis of fast-switching single-pole-type heads for bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2008},
volume={320},
number={14},
pages={e287-e290},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.120},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42749093937&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2008.02.120&partnerID=40&md5=e131b929b5169805c32247877227fa44},
affiliation={Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan; Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Tokyo, 163-8677, Japan; Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={A Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) micromagnetic analysis of the recording field of single-pole-type (SPT) heads was carried out. The whole volume comprising the SPT head and the double-layered medium was treated micromagnetically using the finite-difference method with cubic cells as small as 5 nm, giving a total number of cells of more than 10.8 million. A parallelized fast Fourier transform (FFT) method was used to solve this large-scale problem. Dynamic recording fields were calculated for various head structures and head materials. The timing (synchronization) between the dynamic head field and land location in bit-patterned media (BPM) is discussed and the design methodology is discussed for a fast-switching SPT head. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  LLG micromagnetic analysis;  Parallel computing;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole-type (SPT) head},
keywords={Fast Fourier transforms;  Finite difference method;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic materials;  Parallel processing systems, Bit patterned media;  LLG micromagnetic analysis;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single pole type (SPT) head, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 18,560,352},
funding_details={Strategic Research CouncilStrategic Research Council, SRC},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to acknowledge use of LLG micromagnetic software from Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. and the kind support by Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan.},
funding_text 2={This work was supported in part by a grant in aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 18,560,352) and Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan.},
references={TDK announced 437 Gb/in2 discrete disk 〈http://www.eetimes.jp/contents/200610/11560_1_20061003230246.cfm〉, 2006; White, R.L., New, R.M.J., Pease, F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-33, p. 990; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.v.d., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-42, p. 2255; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 024505; Scholz, W., Batra, S., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-41, p. 702; Kaya, A., Benakli, M., Mallary, M.L., Bain, J.A., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-42, p. 2428; Kanai, Y., Watanabe, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 362; Kanai, Y., Saiki, M., Yoshida, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-43, p. 1665; T. Miyata, E. Uda, K. Yoshida, IEICE Technical Report, MR2006-76, 2007 (in Japanese); Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-43, p. 2118},
correspondence_address1={Kanai, Y.; Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719 Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan; email: kanai@iee.niit.ac.jp},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Winklhofer2008,
author={Winklhofer, M. and Dumas, R.K. and Liu, K.},
title={Identifying reversible and irreversible magnetization changes in prototype patterned media using first- and second-order reversal curves},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2008},
volume={103},
number={7},
doi={10.1063/1.2837888},
art_number={07C518},
note={cited By 70},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42149159522&doi=10.1063%2f1.2837888&partnerID=40&md5=41fb2f40b33553040e8dfbd136c98e89},
affiliation={Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Munich, D-80333 München, Germany},
abstract={Arrays of nanomagnets have important potential applications as future generation ultrahigh-density patterned magnetic recording media, in which each nanomagnet constitutes a single bit. We introduce a powerful technique to identify and quantify reversible and irreversible magnetization changes, a key challenge in characterizing these systems. The experimental protocol consists of measuring a few families of second-order reversal curves along selected profiles in the first-order-reversal-curve diagram, which then can be decomposed into truly irreversible switching events and reversible magnetization changes. The viability of the method is demonstrated for arrays of sub- 100-nm Fe nanomagnets, which exhibit complex magnetization reversal processes. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Graph theory;  Magnetic recording;  Nanostructured materials;  Switching, Irreversible magnetization;  Patterned magnetic recording, Magnetization},
references={Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449; Mayergoyz, I.D., Friedmann, G., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 212; Pike, C.R., Roberts, A.P., Verosub, K.L., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6660; Davies, J.E., Hellwig, O., Fullerton, E.E., Denbeaux, G., Kortright, J.B., Liu, K., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 224434; Newell, A.J., (2005) Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst., 6, p. 05010; Winklhofer, M., Zimanyi, G.T., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08E710; Wilde, H., Girke, H., (1959) Z. Angew. Phys., 11, p. 339; Pike, C.R., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 68, p. 104424; Liu, K., Nogues, J., Leighton, C., Masuda, H., Nishio, K., Roshchin, I.V., Schuller, I.K., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 4434; Li, C.-P., Roshchin, I.V., Batlle, X., Viret, M., Ott, F., Schuller, I.K., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 100, p. 074318; Dumas, R.K., Li, C.-P., Roshchin, I.V., Schuller, I.K., Liu, K., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 134405; Dumas, R.K., Liu, K., Li, C.-P., Roshchin, I.V., Schuller, I.K., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, p. 202501; Pan, Y.X., Petersen, N., Winklhofer, M., Davila, A.F., Liu, Q.S., Frederichs, T., Hanzlik, M., Zhu, R.X., (2005) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 237, p. 311; Feldtkeller, R., Wilde, H., (1956) ETZ, Elektrotech. Z., Ausg. A, 77, p. 449; Pike, C.R., Fernandez, A., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 6668},
correspondence_address1={Winklhofer, M.; Physics Department, , Davis, CA 95616, United States; email: michael@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Keskinoz2008533,
author={Keskinoz, M.},
title={Two-dimensional equalization/detection for patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={4},
pages={533-539},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.914966},
art_number={4475331},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41549116939&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.914966&partnerID=40&md5=3df1c2e7db20881acd5c02999ae7de8c},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Electronics Engineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey},
abstract={Although patterned media storage (PMS) is a promising candidate for ultrahigh-capacity magnetic data storage, as the capacity of PMS increases, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is degraded by increased two-dimensional intersymbol interference (2D-ISI), which results from intertrack interference (ITI), intersymbol interference (ISI), and noise. To improve the system performance under these adverse effects and to increase the capacity, in this paper, we propose to use and/or devise two-dimensional equalization/ detection techniques: iterative decision feedback detection (IDFD) and two-dimensional generalized partial response equalization, which is optimized in minimum mean square error (MMSE), followed by one-dimensional Viterbi algorithm (2D-GPR/1D-VA). We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods by using numerical experiments under different amounts of 2D-ISI and noise. Simulation results suggest that under high storage density, the performance of the IDFD is improved by using more iterations and that under the same computational load, 2D-GPR/1D-VA performs better than IDFD. 2D-GPR/1D-VA, therefore, is a good candidate for ultrahigh-capacity PMS. © 2006 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Intersymbol interference;  Patterned media;  Two-dimensional equalization/detection},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computer simulation;  Intersymbol interference;  Viterbi algorithm, Patterned media;  Two-dimensional equalization detection, Magnetic storage},
references={R. L. White, R. M. H. New, and R. F. W. Pease, Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording?, IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, no. 1, pp. 990-995, Jan. 1997; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Proakis, J., (2001) Digital Communications, , 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Burkhardt, H., Optimal data retrieval for high density storage (1989) Proc. IEEE CompEuro '89 Conf. VLSI Computer Peripherals. VLSI and Microelectronic Applications in Intelligent Peripherals and Their Interconnection Networks, pp. 43-48; Heanue, J.F., Gurkan, K., Hesselink, L., Signal detection for pageaccess optical memories with intersymbol interference (1996) Appl., Opt, 35, pp. 2431-2438; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for prepatterned media with trench playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2564-2566. , Sep; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.M., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate 3D head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (1), pp. 148-156. , Jan; Neield, M.A., Chugg, K.M., King, B.M., Parallel data detection in page oriented optical memory (1996) Opt. Lett, (21), pp. 1481-2148; Keskinoz, M., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Discrete magnitude-squared channel modeling, equalization and detection for volume holographic storage channel (2004) Appl. Opt, 43, pp. 1368-1378; Keskinoz, M., Modeling, equalization and detection for two-dimensional quadratic storage channels, (2001), Ph.D. thesis, Elect. Comput. Eng. Dept, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Iterative decision feedback equalizer detector for holographic data storage systems (2007) Proc. SPIE, 6282, pp. 62820T; Nabavi, S., Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K., Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Int. Conf. Communication (ICC), pp. 6249-6254; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, F., Coding and iterative decoding for patterned media storage systems (2006) Electron. Lett, 42 (16), pp. 934-935. , Aug},
correspondence_address1={Keskinoz, M.; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, , Istanbul 34956, Turkey; email: keskinoz@sabanciuniv.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa2008,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={High frequency switching in bit-patterned media: A method to overcome synchronization issue},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2008},
volume={92},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.2831692},
art_number={012510},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38049078330&doi=10.1063%2f1.2831692&partnerID=40&md5=a031239664f87f10b34402d396acea74},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 608, Singapore},
abstract={In this study, we show that high frequency reversal of magnetization for over Tbits in.2 recording density can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field, media properties, and bit geometry. Using micromagnetic simulation, magnetization reversal speed depends strongly on exchange coupling (A) and the ratio between applied and anisotropy fields. The analysis also shows the effect of anisotropy variation and interbit interaction on magnetization switching. When high frequency write field is applied to less than a half bit, the switching may not occur for A higher than an optimal value. This characteristic can be used to reduce overwriting on adjacent bits. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Exchange coupling;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic recording, Bit geometry;  Interbit interaction;  Magnetization switching;  Micromagnetic simulation, Magnetization reversal},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449. , JMMMDC 0304-8853 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.075; Victora, R.H., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1886. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802791; Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olsen, T., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1711. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017761; Piramanayagam, S.N., (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 102, p. 011301. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2750414; Kanai, Y., Mohammed, O.A., Matsubara, R., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 7738. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1555774; Lyberatos, A., Hohlfeld, J., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 1949. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1639948; Victora, R., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; McDaniel, T.W., (2005) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 17, p. 315. , JCOMEL 0953-8984 10.1088/0953-8984/17/7/R01; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560142; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/20.560144; Zhu, J.-G., Tang, Y., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08Q903. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.2172205; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 2822. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , APPLAB 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2209179; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2142. , IEMGAQ 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139},
correspondence_address1={Sbiaa, R.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 608, Singapore; email: rachid_sbiaa@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fukui20083671,
author={Fukui, S. and Kanamaru, T. and Matsuoka, H.},
title={Dynamic analysis schemes for flying head sliders over discrete track media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3671-3674},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002526},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955196855&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002526&partnerID=40&md5=b657f1f52dd7cf1c86008256c9f0aa58},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan},
abstract={It is becoming increasingly important to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of flying head sliders over discrete track media (DTM) and bit patterned media (BPM) using the molecular gas-film lubrication (MGL) equation. In this study, we obtained the dynamic characteristics of the air bearing of the read/write head by considering not only the stiffness and damping produced by the air film, but also the negative stiffness caused by the attractive van der Waals force; these quantities were calculated in the frequency domain using a perturbation method. The dependence of the dynamic characteristics on the groove depth and frequency were calculated numerically. Moreover, the cubic interpolated propagation (CIP) method, a highly accurate and numerically stable scheme, was extended to the twodimensional MGL problem in the time domain and the time evolution of the pressure produced by a single projection on the running disk, which is the simplest configuration of BPM, was calculated numerically. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Discrete track media;  Head disk interface (hdi);  Molecular gas-film lubrication;  Van der Waals force},
keywords={Air lubrication;  Frequency domain analysis;  Molecules;  Perturbation techniques;  Phase interfaces;  Stiffness;  Temperature control;  Van der Waals forces, Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Cubic-Interpolated Propagation methods;  Discrete track media;  Dynamic characteristics;  Head disk interface;  Molecular gas film lubrications;  Static and dynamic characteristics;  Stiffness and damping, Time domain analysis},
references={Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 670-675. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838049; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Air bearing simulation of discrete track recording media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2489-2491. , Oct; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Molecular Gas-film Lubrication (MGL) (1995) Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology, pp. 559-603. , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, ch. 13; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Analysis of ultra-thin gas film lubrication based on the linearized boltzmann equation: First report-derivation of a generalized lubrication equation including thermal creep flow (1988) Trans. ASME, J. Tribol., 110, pp. 253-262; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., A database for interpolation of poiseuille flow rates for high knudsen number lubrication problems (1990) Trans. ASME, J. Tribol., 112, pp. 78-83; Ono, K., Dynamic characteristics of air-lubricated slider bearing for noncontact magnetic recording (1975) Trans. ASME, Ser. F, J. Lubr. Tech., 97-102, pp. 250-258; Fukui, S., Kaneko, R., Dynamic analysis of flying head sliders with ultra-thin spacing based on the boltzmann equation (comparison with two limiting approximations) (1990) JSME Int. J. Ser. III, 33 (1), pp. 76-82; Takewaki, H., Yabe, T., The cubic-interpolated pseudo particle (cip) method: Application to nonlinear and multi-dimensional hyperbolic equations (1987) J. Comput. Phys., 70, pp. 355-372; Fukui, S., Matsui, H., Yamane, K., Matsuoka, H., Dynamic characteristics of flying head slider with ultra-thin spacing (CIP method and linearized method) (2005) Microsyst. Technol., 11, pp. 812-818; Kanamaru, T., Yamane, K., Mastuoka, H., Fukui, S., Molecular gas-film lubrication analyses under fixed finite-width slider-A comparison between the CIP method and linearized analyses (2006) Proc. of 3rd Asia Int. Conf. Tribology, pp. 607-608. , Kanazawa, Japan, Oct. 16-19; Israelachvili, J.N., (1992) Intermolecular and Surface Forces, , 2nd ed. New York: Academic; Matsuoka, H., Ohkubo, S., Fukui, S., Corrected expression of the van der Waals pressure for multilayered system with application to analyses of static characteristics of flying head sliders with an ultrasmall spacing (2005) Microsyst. Technol., 11, pp. 824-829},
correspondence_address1={Fukui, S.; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, , Tottori 680-8552, Japan; email: fukui@damp.tottori-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Knigge20083656,
author={Knigge, B.E. and Bandic, Z.Z. and Kercher, D.},
title={Flying characteristics on discrete track and bit-patterned media with a thermal protrusion slider},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3656-3662},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002613},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955179419&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002613&partnerID=40&md5=645507f31bd7eba7679dc1b00eb7940e},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Future disk drives may have discretized tracks or bit patterns for increased thermal stability and higher areal density. This affects the surface topography, resulting in different flying characteristics of the currently used air bearing slider. The actual flying height drop versus the pattern density and pattern depth has not been measured yet. However, it has been recently simulated. We have made flyable patterned disks with angular sections having various topographies. This allowed the measurement of flying height modulation and clearance drop within one revolution in different sections of the disks. Slider-to-disk clearance changes were measured using pulsed thermal protrusion. Furthermore, we investigated the slider dynamics and disk-lubricant changes during the transition from a flat zone to a patterned zone. This is of relevance since the servo sectors have different patterns compared to data zones on the disk leading to dynamic excitations and flying height modulation. These effects may still be detectable even after disk planarization since they are periodic and may excite the air bearing resonance. Based on our experimental observation, we have established an empirical equation that predicts slider clearance loss versus pattern density. The clearance change was measured when the slider air bearing was transitioning from a large scale pattern (in micrometers) to a small scale pattern (in nanometers), indicating increased lift with an increased number of walls/holes-even at a similar nominal pattern density. Functional drives were built that contained discrete track media with imprinted servo sectors. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Head-disk interface (HDI);  Patterned media;  Thermal protrusion;  Tribology},
keywords={Drops;  Gas bearings;  Modulation;  Nonvolatile storage;  Topography;  Tribology, Air bearing sliders;  Discrete track media;  Dynamic excitations;  Flying height modulation;  Head disk interface;  Patterned medias;  Slider air bearings;  Thermal protrusion, Magnetic heads},
references={Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst. Technol.-Micro-and Nanosyst.-Inf. Storage Process. Syst., 13 (8-10), pp. 1023-1030. , May; Li, J., Xu, J., Shimizu, Y., Performance of sliders flying over discrete-track media (2007) J. Tribol., 129-719. , Oct; Weissner, S., Tonder, K., Talke, F., (1998) Surface Roughness Effects in Compressible Lubrication, , presented at the AUSTRIB, Brisbane, Australia; Tagawa, N., Bogy, D., Air film dynamics for micro-textured flying head slider bearings in magnetic hard disk drives (2002) ASME J. Tribol., 124, pp. 568-574; Tagawa, N., Hayashi, T., Mori, A., Effects of moving three-dimensional nano-textured disk surfaces on thin film gas lubrication characteristics for flying head slider bearings in magnetic storage (2001) ASME J. Tribol., 123, pp. 151-158; Zhou, L., Beck, M., Gatzen, H.H., Kato, K., Vurens, G., Talke, F.E., Tribology of textured sliders in near contact situations (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2159-2161. , Sep; Duwensee, M., Suzuki, S., Lin, J., Wachenschwanz, D., Talke, F.E., Simulation of the head disk interface for discrete track media (2007) Microsyst. Technol., 13 (8-10), pp. 1432-1858. , May; Bandic, Z.Z., Dobisz, E., Wu, T.-W., Albrecht, T.R., Patterned magnetic media: Impact of nanoscale patterning on hard disk drives (2006) Solid State Technol., S7. , S; Hattori, K., Ito, K., Soeno, Y., Takai, M., Matsuzaki, M., Fabrication of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (2-4 PART), pp. 2510-2515. , Jul; Qing, D., Knigge, B.E., Waltman, R.J., Marchon, B., Time evolution of lubricant-slider dynamic interactions (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2459-2461. , Sep; Knigge, B., Suthar, T., Baumgart, P., Friction, Heat, and slider dynamics during thermal protrusion touchdown (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2510-2512. , Oct; Garcia, A.L., (2000) Numerical Methods for Physics, , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall},
correspondence_address1={Knigge, B. E.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: Bernhard.Knigge@HitachiGST.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nabavi20083789,
author={Nabavi, S. and Kumar, B.V.K.V. and Bain, J.A.},
title={Two-dimensional pulse response and media noise modeling for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3789-3792},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002387},
note={cited By 44},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955170861&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002387&partnerID=40&md5=10c38832ba2a4c49325e99537e1eeb34},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={In high density bit-patterned media (BPM), bits or magnetic islands are very close leading to significant inter-track interference (ITI) in addition to inter-symbol interference (ISI). Also, in BPM, major sources of media noise are the fluctuations in the location of the magnetic islands and fluctuations in the sizes of the magnetic islands. The location fluctuations can happen in both along-the-track and in cross-track directions. The size fluctuations affect both ISI and ITI. In order to obtain a more realistic channel model that includes the 2-D interference and the 2-D impact of media noise, we have developed a 2-D pulse response simulator for BPM. Utilizing the 2-D pulse response, we model the ITI and the media noise. Simulation results show that to achieve an acceptable bit error rate (BER), the location and size fluctuations should be smaller than 8% of the bit period at a density of 1.5 Tb/in2. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={2-D pulse response;  Bit-patterned media;  Media noise modeling},
keywords={Intersymbol interference;  Location;  Magnetism, 2-d interferences;  Bit-patterned media;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Inter-track interferences;  Media noise;  Pulse response;  Realistic channel models;  Size fluctuations, Bit error rate},
references={Lu, P.L., Charap, S.H., Thermal instability at 10 Gbit/in2 magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Zhu Jian-Gang, Lin Xiangdong, Guan Lijie, Messner William, Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 23-29; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Nabavi, S., Kumar, B.V.K.V., Zhu, J., Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate inter-track interference in bit-patterned media (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2274-2276; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , New York: Academic, ch. 6; Yuan, S.W., Bertram, H.N., Off-track spacing loss of shielded MR heads (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (3), pp. 1267-1273; Wiesen, K., Cross, B., GMR head side-reading and bit aspect ratio (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2609-2611; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Parallels between playback in perpendicular and longitudinal recording (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 257, pp. 126-131; Karakulak, S., Siegel, P.H., Wolf, J.K., Bertram, H.N., A new read channel model for patterned media storage (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn., 44 (1), pp. 193-197; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: snabavi@andrw.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Degawa20083434,
author={Degawa, N. and Greaves, S.J. and Muraoka, H. and Kanai, Y.},
title={Characterization of a 2 Tbit/in 2 patterned media recording system},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3434-3437},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002407},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955152099&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002407&partnerID=40&md5=f1c5d6794057e426f3a76213117fdf48},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, 1719, Fujihashi, Kashiwazaki, 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={The characteristics of bit patterned media with an areal density of 2 Tbit/in 2 were investigated using micromagnetic simulations. The influence of dot size and position dispersions on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was clarified. The head-medium synchronization tolerance (write margin) for error-free writing was calculated, and the feasibility of achieving 2 Tbit/in 2 recording with bit patterned media was demonstrated. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned perpendicular media;  Heads;  Magnetic recording;  Simulation},
keywords={Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording, Areal densities;  Bit-patterned media;  Heads;  Micromagnetic simulations;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular media;  Recording systems;  Simulation, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; http://www.srcjp.gr.jp/HomeE.htm, Storage Research Consortium SRC Online. Available; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476062; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Optimisation of bit patterned media for 1 Tb/in 2 (2007) Proc. Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conf., pp. 16pE-04. , Tokyo},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S. J.; RIEC, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Tang20083460,
author={Tang, Y. and Che, X.},
title={Characterization of mechanically induced timing jitter in synchronous writing of bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3460-3463},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001616},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955138597&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2001616&partnerID=40&md5=08d8c401d3efbd5cd2cdef9f66aeda44},
affiliation={Samsung Information System America, San Jose, CA 95134, United States},
abstract={Potential sources of timing errors in writing bit-patterned media are experimentally characterized. This paper describes a time-domain analysis of jitter in a disk drive that is identified as the effect of spindle speed variation. The jitter during head-disk interaction is characterized by a frequency modulation analysis. The impact of head vibration on write timing is also demonstrated using images reconstructed from read signal. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Jitter;  Patterned media;  Synchronization;  Write},
keywords={Jitter;  Synchronization;  Timing circuits;  Timing jitter, Bit-patterned media;  Disk drive;  Patterned medias;  Potential sources;  Spindle speed;  Timing errors;  Write, Time domain analysis},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, M.F., Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection and theoretical limits (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (8), pp. 3517-3524. , Aug; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and logitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gb/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hsia, Y.T., James, K., A novel metrology technique to capture the flying dynamics of air bearing slider with and without induced contact (2006) Proc. Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conf.; Knigge, B., Talke, F.E., Nonlinear dynamic effects at the head disk interface (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (2), pp. 900-905. , Mar; Klaassen, K.B., Van Peppen, J.C.L., Eaton, R.E., Non-invasive take-off/touch-down velocity measurements (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (6), pp. 4164-4166. , Nov},
correspondence_address1={Tang, Y.; Samsung Information System America, San Jose, CA 95134, United States; email: y.tang@samsung.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Keskinoz20083793,
author={Keskinoz, M.},
title={Soft feedback equalization for Patterned Media Storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3793-3796},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002378},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955133716&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002378&partnerID=40&md5=5b34d39c26651cc08ec98a0bb908f46d},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Electronics Engineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey},
abstract={Patterned Media Storage (PMS) is one of the promising technologies to overcome the limitations of the conventional magnetic recording. For a high areal density PMS, both inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI), and noise severely degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system. In this work, we develop soft feedback equalization (SFE) to mitigate these adverse effects. We evaluate the performance of SFE by using numerical experiments under different amount of 2D-ISI and noise. Simulation results suggest that SFE is a good candidate for ultra-high capacity PMS. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Inter-symbol interference;  Patterned Media;  Two-dimensional equalization/detection},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Magnetic storage, Adverse effect;  Bit error rate (BER) performance;  Feedback equalization;  High areal density;  Inter-track interferences;  Numerical experiments;  Patterned medias;  Two-dimensional equalization, Intersymbol interference},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (51), pp. 2310-2312. , May; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Jun; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Tracking issues in high density patterned media storage (2005) Proc. IEEE Intermag Conf. Dig., pp. 1377-1378; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for prepatterned media with trench playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2564-2566. , May; Nair, S.K., New, R.M.H., Patterned media recording: Noiseand channel equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 1916-1918. , Jul; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, F., Coding and iterative decoding for patterned media storage systems (2006) IEE Electron. Lett., 42 (16), pp. 934-935; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Tjhai, C.J., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherint jitter noise using lowdensity parity check codes (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (10), pp. 3925-3929; King, B.M., Neifeld, M.A., Parallel detection algorithms for pageoriented optical memories (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 6275-6298; Ashley, J., Holographic data storage (2000) IBM J. Res. Develop., 44 (3), pp. 341-368; Coene, W., Two dimensional optical storage (2003) Proc. Int. Conf. Optical Data Storage (ODS), Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 90-92; Proakis, J.G., (2001) Digital Communications, , 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill},
correspondence_address1={Keskinoz, M.; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, , Istanbul 34956, Turkey; email: keskinoz@sabanciuniv.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Muraoka20083423,
author={Muraoka, H. and Greaves, S.J. and Kanai, Y.},
title={Modeling and simulation of the writing process on bit-patterned perpendicular media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3423-3429},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001654},
note={cited By 23},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955125478&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2001654&partnerID=40&md5=e3eb08953848e8dbcb092fd8368e28f6},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Niigata 363-920, Japan},
abstract={The recording physics of bit-patterned media is studied for areal densities of around 2 Tbits/inch2. A model of the writing process, based on the head field gradient and switching field distribution, including various interference fields, is presented to extract the writehead and media parameters which are necessary to attain a wider write margin. Write head field distributions, calculated by the finite-element method, are presented for various head pole structures with side-and trailing-shields to improve head field gradient. Optimization of the pole configuration increased the gradient to over 500 Oe/nm for a head-to-soft magnetic under layer (SUL) spacing of 14 nm. Using the head field distribution, a recording performance analysis by micromagnetic simulation indicated that the write margin was improved. Position and size dispersions of the dots deteriorated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased adjacent track erasure (ATE). © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Head field gradient;  Landau-lifshitz-gilbert (LLG) simulation;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole head;  Switching field distribution},
keywords={Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials, Bit-patterned media;  Head fields;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole head;  Switching field distribution, Signal to noise ratio},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by Research and Development for Next-Generation Information Technology by the MEXT, Japanese Government.},
references={Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Kronbi, M.T., Hetzler, S.R., Beyond discrete tracks: Other aspects of patterned media (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69 (8), pp. 154724-154726; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 Gbits/in2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 156673-156675; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughs, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co 70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (4), pp. 1725-1730. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.1017763, PII S0018946402056662; Terris, B.D., Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 2822-2827. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476062; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Tsang, C., Tang, Y.S., Time-domain study of proximity-effect induced transition shift (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27 (2), pp. 795-802. , Mar; Schabes, M.E., Micromagnetic simulation for terabit/in2 magnetic recording head/media systems (2007) Digests of PMRC 2007, 17pB-01, pp. 316-317; Hashimoto, M., Mura, K., Muraoka, H., Aoi, H., Wood, R., Salo, M., Ikeda, Y., Influence of patterning fluctuation on read/write characteristics in discrete track and patterned media (2007) Digests of PMRC 2007, 16aA-01, pp. 146-147; JMAG-studio Commercial Software, , http://www.jri.co.jp/pro-eng/jmag/e/jmg/index.html, JRI Solutions, Ltd. Online. Available; Kanai, Y., Greaves, S.J., Yamakawa, K., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., A single-pole-type head design for 400 Gb/in2 recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 687-695. , Feb; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Characterisation of a 2 Tbit/in2 patterned media recording system (2008) Digests of Intermag Conf.; Heinonen, O., Micromagnetic modeling of reader shield-to-shield spacing and linear density roll-off (2007) Abstracts of MMM Conf. 2007, CC-13, , Tampa, FL, Nov; Kanai, Y., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Mcromagnetic recording field analysis of a fast-switching single-pole-type head using a PC cluster system (2007) Digests of PMRC 2007, 16aB-04, pp. 162-163},
correspondence_address1={Muraoka, H.; RIEC, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: muraoka@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20083438,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Simulation study of high-density bit-patterned media with inclined anisotropy},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3438-3441},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002528},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952847287&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002528&partnerID=40&md5=ee6f34bff34db3d6d97b018b5920b96a},
affiliation={Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai 982-8577, Japan; Akita Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={A new method was proposed to realize high areal densities beyond 2 Tbit/in 2 for bit-patterned media. Introduction of inclined anisotropy to the media was found to decrease the effect of magnetostatic interaction between the dots at high areal densities. Recording simulation with a perpendicular recording head revealed increased recording shift margins in both down and cross track directions. It was expected that shift margins of greater than 7 nm were expected in the both directions for recording at 2.6 Tbit/in 2 using a shielded planar head for the media with inclined anisotropy. Proposed method would be one of promising techniques for realizing high density recording beyond 2 Tbit/in 2. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Beyond 2 Tbit/in;  Bit-patterned media;  Inclined anisotropy;  Recording simulation;  Shift margin},
keywords={Magnetostatics, Beyond 2 Tbit/in;  Bit-patterned media;  High-density recording;  Magnetostatic interactions;  Perpendicular recording heads;  Recording simulation;  Shielded planar head;  Shift margin, Anisotropy},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Iwasaki of Tohoku Institute of Technology for his stimulating guidance. This work was supported in part by Akita Prefecture CREATE, JST.},
references={Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in 2 (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (6), pp. 2142-2144. , Jun; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording Simulation beyond 2 Tbit/in" on bit patterned media with shielded planar head Dig. of PMRC 2007, Tokyo, pp. 270-271. , Japan, 2007, 16pE-06; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Simulation study of factors that determine write margins in patterned media (2007) IEICE Trans. Electron., E90-C (8), pp. 1594-1598; Honda, N., Ouchi, K., Design and recording simulation of 1 Tbit/in2 patterned media (2006) Dig. of Intermag 2006, p. 562. , San Diego, CA, May, FB-02; Honda, N., Yamakawa, K., Ouchi, K., Recording simulation beyond 2 Tbit/in 2 on bit patterned media with shielded planar head J. Magn. Magnet. Mater., , press; Ise, K., Takahashi, S., Yamakawa, K., Honda, N., New shielded single-pole head with planar structure (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2422-2424. , Oct; Gao, K.Z., Bertram, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in2 and data rates beyond 1 Gb/s (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (6), pp. 3675-3683. , Nov; Ishida, T., Tohma, K., Yoshida, H., Shinohara, K., More than 1 Gb/in2 recording on obliquely oriented thin film tape (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 183-1888. , Jan; Zheng, Y.F., Wang, J.P., Control of the tilted orientation of CoCrPt/Ti thin film media by collimated sputtering (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), pp. 8007-8009. , May},
correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Department of Electronics and Intelligent Systems, , Sendai 982-8577, Japan; email: n_honda@tohtech.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kanai20083609,
author={Kanai, Y. and Hirasawa, K. and Tsukamoto, T. and Yoshida, K. and Greaves, S.J. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Micromagnetic recording field analysis of a single-pole-type head for 1-2 Tbit/in2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3609-3612},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002409},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049148828&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002409&partnerID=40&md5=30339bddaf1184fa62bb8f797541ef42},
affiliation={Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan; Kogakuin University, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={Dynamic recording fields of single-pole-type (SPT) heads, having main pole tip dimensions of 25 × 25 nm at the air bearing surface (ABS), were investigated using a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) micromagnetic analysis. The recording performance in combination with continuous media and bit-patterned media (BPM) was discussed for areal densities of 1-2 Tbit/in2 using the results of LLG micromagnetic media recording simulations. Trailing and side shields were indispensable and the switching speed of the SPT head did not deteriorate on reducing the area of the main pole tip. The advantage of BPM over continuous media was clear with regard to obtaining a higher areal density. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) micromagnetic analysis;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Single-pole-type (SPT) heads},
keywords={Electrical engineering;  Magnetic materials, Air bearing surface;  Bit-patterned media (BPM);  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert;  Micromagnetic analysis;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Recording performance;  Single-pole-type (SPT) heads;  Single-pole-type head, Magnetic heads},
funding_details={Semiconductor Research CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation, SRC},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN, 18,560,352},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by a Grant in Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (#18,560,352) and SRC, Japan. The authors would like to thank the members of Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan. The authors would also like to thank the Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., for the use of LLG micromagnetic software, and JRI Solutions, Ltd., for the use of the JMAG-Studio, FEM Software.},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterened media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Scholz, W., Batra, S., Micromagnetic modeling of head field rise time for high data-rate recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 702-706. , Feb; Schrefl, T., Schabes, M.E., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Hrkac, G., Fidler, J., Partitioning of the perpendicular write field into head and sul contributions (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (10), pp. 3064-3066. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855227; Takano, K., Micromagnetic-FEM models of a perpendicular writer and reader (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 696-701. , Feb; Heinonen, O., Bozeman, S.P., FEM and micromagnetic modeling of perpendicular writers (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8), pp. 08S301; Kaya, A., Benakli, M., Mallary, M.L., Bain, J.A., A micromagnetic study of the effect of spatial variations in damping in perpendicular recording heads (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2428-2430. , Oct; Kanai, Y., Saiki, M., Hirasawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Micromagnetic recording field analysis of single-pole-type head for bit patterned medium (2008) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 320 (14), pp. e287-e290. , Jul; Kanai, Y., Greaves, S.J., Yamakawa, K., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., A single-pole-type head design for 400 Gb/in2 recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 687-695. , Feb; http://www.jri.co.jp/pro-eng/jmag/e/jmg/index.html, JMAG-Studio, Commercial Software JRI Solutions, Ltd. Online. Available; Degawa, N., Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Characterisation of a 2 Tbit/in2 patterned media recording system IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tbit/in2 IEEE Trans. Magn., , to be published; Yamakawa, K., Ise, K., Honda, H., Ouchi, K., Shielded planar write head (2007) 8th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conf., , Presented at the, Tokyo, Japan, Oct, 15pA-03, unpublished; Scholz, W., Batra, S., Effect of write current waveform on magnetization and head field dynamics of perpendicular recording heads (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2264-2266. , Oct; Hrkac, G., Kirschner, M., Dorfbauer, F., Suess, D., Ertl, O., Fidler, J., Schrefl, T., Three-dimensional micromagnetic finite element simulations including eddy currents (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10E311; Degawa, N., Greaves, S., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Optimisation of bit patterned media for 1 Tb/in2 J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , to be published; Greaves, S.J., Muraoka, H., Kanai, Y., Simulations of magnetic recording media for 1 Tb/in2 J. Magn. Magn. Mater., , to be published},
correspondence_address1={Kanai, Y.; Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan; email: kanai@iee.niit.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Niarchos200868,
author={Niarchos, D. and Manios, E. and Panagiotopoulos, I.},
title={Towards terabit/in2 magnetic storage media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2008},
volume={1106},
pages={68-80},
doi={10.1557/proc-1106-pp02-03},
note={cited By 2; Conference of 2008 MRS Spring Meeting ; Conference Date: 24 March 2008 Through 28 March 2008;  Conference Code:77610},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449107469&doi=10.1557%2fproc-1106-pp02-03&partnerID=40&md5=b802534ccfd71e7b1063608976c9a468},
affiliation={Inst. of Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, 15310, Greece; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Ioannina, 45110, Greece},
abstract={In modern society there is an almost insatiable demand for ever increasing storage capacities in computers and consumer electronics. Magnetic recording is the dominant storage technology and the hard disk, due to its versatility, is becoming a pervasive device in various applications. The soaring demand arises from data-intensive computer applications, including graphics, animation, multimedia and desktop publishing, to which can be added a growing market for non-PC consumer devices such as set-top boxes, cameras, mobile phones, laser printers and satellite navigation systems. In response to this demand the hard disk drive manufacturers have come forward with spectacular increase in storage capacities and densities over the last decade. It is currently projected that the evolution of conventional perpendicular recording storage density in the hard disk industry will reach a limit of 500 Gbit/in2, while further progress will require major breakthroughs and alternative technologies. In this presentation we will review the state-of-the-art in magnetic recording media and we will discuss the future approaches to reach densities in excess of 1 Tbit/in2 densities along the three axes: (a) self-assembled coercive nanoparticles, (b) exchange spring media and percolated media, and (c) bit-patterned media (nanoscale patterning). This entails resolving several conflicting requirements with regard to sijjnal to noise ratio (SNR), writability and thermal stability of these new promising systems. © 2008 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Desktop publishing;  Hard disk storage;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Nanomagnetics;  Printers (computer);  Satellite navigation aids;  Set-top boxes;  Signal to noise ratio;  Thermodynamic stability, Alternative technologies;  Bit-patterned media;  Exchange spring media;  Magnetic recording media;  Magnetic storage media;  Nanoscale patterning;  Perpendicular recording;  Satellite navigation systems, Magnetic storage},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 41; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A-240, p. 599; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1949) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A-52, p. 562; Victora, R.H., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 63, p. 457; Pfeiffer, H., (1990) Phys. Stat. Sol. (A), 118, p. 295; Lu, P.-L., Charap, S.H., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4230; Coffey, K.R., Parker, M.A., Howard, J.K., (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, p. 2737; Yanagisawa, M., Shiota, N., Yamaguchi, H., Suganuma, Y., (1983) IEEE Trans. Magn., 19, p. 1638; Wang, J.-P., Qiu, J.-M., Taton, T.A., Kim, B.-S., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 3042; Jones, B.A., Dutson, J.D., Ogrady, K., Hickey, B.J., Li, D., Poudyal, N., Liu, J.P., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 3066; Sun, A.-C., Hsu, J.-H., Kuo, P.C., Huang, H.L., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2130; (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M.L. Plumer, J. van Ek and D. Weller (Eds.) Springer - Springer Series in Surface Sciences; Margulies, D.T., Supper, N., Do, H., Schabes, M.E., Berger, A., Moser, A., Rice, P.M., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10N109; Fullerton, E.E., Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., Carey, M., Gumey, B., Moser, A., Best, M., Doerner, M., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, p. 3806; Acharya, B.R., Ajan, A., Abarra, E.N., Inomata, A., Okamoto, I., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 85; Shan, Z.S., Malhotra, S.S., Stafford, D.C., Bertero, G., Wachenschwanz, D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2412; Margulies, D.T., Berger, A., Moser, A., Schabes, M.E., Fullerton, E.E., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 3701; Pang, S.I., Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 8620; Moser, A., Supper, N.F., Berger, A., Margulies, D.T., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 262501; Wang, J.P., (2005) Nature Materials, 4, p. 191; Zou, Y.Y., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1930; Thiele, J.-U., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, p. 2859; Alex, M., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1244; Suess, D., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 308, p. 183; Supper, N.F., Margulies, D.T., Moser, A., Berger, A., Do, H., Fullerton, E.E., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08S310; Suess, D., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 113105; Suess, D., Schref, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290-291, p. 551; Wang, J.-P., Shen, W.K., Bai, J.M., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Song, W.L., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, p. 142504; Suess, D., Fidler, J., Porath, K., Schrefl, T., Weller, D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G905; Terns, B.D., (2005) J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 38, p. 199; Albrecht, M., (2005) Nature Materials, 4, p. 203; Itoh, K.K., (2007) Intermag/3M Conference, , Baltimore, USA, DB-01; Oshima, H., (2007) Intermag/3M Conference, , Baltimore, USA, DB-02; Chen, M., (2006) J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 7132; Sun, S., (2006) Adv. Mater., 18, p. 393; Kockrick, E., (2007) Adv. Mater., , DOI: 10.1002/adma.20060137; Queitsch, U., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 113114; Hamann, H.F., (2003) Nanoletters, 3, p. 1643; Darling, S.B., (2005) Adv. Mater., 17, p. 2446; Sui, Y.C., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, pp. 10J304; Yasui, N., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 3347},
correspondence_address1={Niarchos, D.; Inst. of Materials Science, , Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, 15310, Greece},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781605608686},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fontana20083617,
author={Fontana, R.E. and Robertson, N. and Hetzler, S.R.},
title={Thin-film processing realities for Tbit/in2 recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3617-3620},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002532},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350613579&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002532&partnerID=40&md5=e3e85b8586cb785b3d9b4dace88dc7c4},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Almaden Research Center, IBM Research Division, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Magnetic recording has maintained a cost/bit advantage over solid-state storage by using a single transducer to self-assemble bits with sub-lithographic dimensions on an unpatterned substrate. This paper explores the ability of magnetic recording to maintain this advantage at 1 Tbit/in 2 by examining the process challenges associated with the fabrication of head structures at this areal density. Specifically, this paper describes the minimum feature, F, and alignment requirements for the thin-film head structures supporting 1 Tbit/in2 densities and compares these requirements with the projected roadmaps of the semiconductor industry. These comparisons indicate that minimum feature head processing requirements will match semiconductor capabilities in the time frame for 1 Tbit/in 2 recording product. Further, alignment requirements for the head structure will exceed projected semiconductor capabilities in this same time frame. The process implications of the technologies of discrete tracks and patterned bits are analyzed, which move the minimum feature requirements from the head structure to the disk media. These approaches require patterning sub-lithographic bit cell dimensions which by definition exceed semiconductor lithographic capabilities. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Inductive heads;  Photolithography;  Thin-film processing},
keywords={Entertainment industry;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetic thin film devices;  Photolithography;  Semiconductor device manufacture, Areal densities;  Head structure;  Inductive heads;  Lithographic dimensions;  Semiconductor industry;  Solid-state storage;  Thin film heads;  Thin-film processing, Thin films},
references={(2007) ITRS, 2007 ITRS Lithographic Projections, , www.itrs.org, Online. Available; Wood, R., Miles, J., Olsen, T., Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1711-1718. , July; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., One terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1719-1724. , July; Kryder, M., Gustafson, R., High density perpendicular recording-Advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) J. Magnetism Magn. Mat., 287, pp. 449-458; Fontana, R., Hetzler, S., Magnetic memory devices: Minimum feature and memory hierarchy discussion (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99 (8 PART III), pp. 08N9011-08N9016. , Apr},
correspondence_address1={Fontana, R. E.; San Jose Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: fontanarobert@yahoo.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nutter20083797,
author={Nutter, P.W. and Shi, Y. and Belle, B.D. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Understanding sources of errors in bit-patterned media to improve read channel performance},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3797-3800},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002516},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350609840&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002516&partnerID=40&md5=d40c130c39ecf961033ab3eb5edc431b},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={The limitations of current lithographic techniques result in a variation of the geometry of the fabricated islands in bit-patterned media. These variations give rise to jitter in the replay waveform that has a detrimental effect on the recovery of stored data. By analyzing experimental bit-patterned media, we show that the presence of lithography jitter can be quantified in terms of variations in the size and position of the islands, which can be seen to be Gaussian-like in nature. In addition, the amount of jitter increases as the periodicity and size of the islands reduces, confirming that lithography jitter will be a significant source of noise in any future storage system incorporating bit-patterned media. By using a comprehensive read channel model we demonstrate that a novel trellis structure offers improved read channel performance in the presence of island position variations. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Jitter;  Magnetic recording;  Noise;  Trellis;  Viterbi},
keywords={Digital storage;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording, Bit-patterned media;  Noise;  Read channels;  Size and position;  Source of noise;  Storage systems;  Trellis;  Viterbi, Jitter},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/E017657/1.},
references={Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R22; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Tjhai, C.J., Ahmed, M.Z., Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low-density parity-check codes (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43 (10), pp. 3923-3929. , Oct; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Ashworth, T.V., Nutter, P.W., Hill, E.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., (2008) Low Temperature Remanence Loop Measurements of Ion-milled Patterned Media, , presented at the Intermag Dig., Paper DA-09, unpublished; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P.W., Signal-to-noise ratios in recorded patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1964-1966; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Dec; Zhang, X., Negi, R., Optimal detection for perpendicular recording channels with transition noise (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08K5051-08K5053},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P. W.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: p.nutter@manchester.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Belle20083468,
author={Belle, B.D. and Schedin, F. and Ashworth, T.V. and Nutter, P.W. and Hill, E.W. and Hug, H.J. and Miles, J.J.},
title={Temperature dependent remanence loops of ion-milled bit patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3468-3471},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2001791},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350605110&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2001791&partnerID=40&md5=db6e0217df75c125fc125d7e6c03029b},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Institute of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland},
abstract={Magnetic multilayered thin films with perpendicular anisotropy have been patterned into nanoscale islands by ion-milling with an oxygen-plasma patterned carbon hard mask. The islands have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to determine the switching field distribution and its origin. Larger islands exhibit coercivities of ∼ 450 kA/m (5.6 kOe), but coercivity falls rapidly when island diameter falls below 40 nm. The switching field distribution becomes larger in absolute terms and as a fraction of the coercivity as island diameter falls. The origin of these effects is thought to be edge damage during ion milling and intrinsic defects (grain boundaries or dislocations) in the original magnetic thin film. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Magnetic recording magnetic thinfilms;  Nanostructures;  Switching field distributions;  Temperature},
keywords={Carbon films;  Coercive force;  Grain boundaries;  Ions;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic thin films;  Milling (machining);  Nanomagnetics;  Nanostructures;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Temperature, Bit-patterned media;  Carbon hard masks;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Multilayered thin films;  Nanoscale islands;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Switching field distribution;  Temperature dependent, Magnetoplasma},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/E017657/1},
funding_details={University of TwenteUniversity of Twente},
funding_text 1={ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors acknowledge the support of EPSRC and INSIC, and L. Abelmann and M. Siekman of the University of Twente for the use of the DI3100 MFM.},
references={Press Release. Western Digital, , http://www.wdc.com/en/company/releases/index2.asp?Year=2007, Lake Forest, CA Online. Available; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Miles, J.J., McKirdy, D.M., Chantrell, R.W., Wood, R., Parametric optimization for Terabit perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1876-1890. , Jul; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benkali, M., One Terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1719-1724. , Jul; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fahler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, pp. 012504-125043. , Jun; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Submicron patterning of thin cobalt films for magnetic storage (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 12 (6), pp. 3196-3201. , Dec; Richter, H.J., Dobinl, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynchl, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, pp. 257204-2572044. , Jun; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Pilet, N., Ashworth, T.V., Hill, E.W., Nutter, P.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., High resolution magnetic force microscopy study of e-beam lithography patterned Co/Pt nanodots (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, pp. 09f517-09f5173. , May; National Physical Laboratory, , http://www.npl.co.uk, Middlesex, U. K. Online. Available; Aziz, Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Huan, D., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , Sep; Hug, H.J., Stiefel, B., Van Schendel, P.J.A., Moser, A., Martin, S., Guntherodt, H.J., A low temperature ultrahigh vaccum scanning force microscope (1999) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 70, pp. 3625-3640. , Sept; Zhu, X., Grutter, P., Metlushko, V., Hao, Y., Castano, F.J., Ross, C.A., Ilic, B., Smith, H.I., Construction of hysteresis loops of single domain elements and coupled permalloy ring arrays by magnetic force microscopy (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 8540-8542. , May; Lau, J.W., McMichael, R.D., Chung, S.H., Rantschler, J.O., Parekh, V., Litvinov, D., Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, pp. 012506-0125063. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Belle, B. D.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: belleb@cs.man.ac.uk},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Greaves20083430,
author={Greaves, S.J. and Kanai, Y. and Muraoka, H.},
title={Magnetic recording in patterned media at 5-10 Tb/in 2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3430-3433},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002365},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350603721&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002365&partnerID=40&md5=62cdb9f7ed1cb9dc7b545ea7ab4d5a8f},
affiliation={RIEC, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Department of Information and Electronics Engineering, Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki 945-1195, Japan},
abstract={In this paper, the feasibility of patterned media systems able to support areal densities of 5-10 Tb/in 2 is examined. The systems considered used only a conventional write head, without additional electromagnetic devices. Despite the use of a shielded head and contact recording it was impossible to discriminate reliably between bits at 10 Tb/in 2. Areal densities of around 5 Tb/in 2 appear feasible, but only if geometrical and material parameter dispersions are minimized. Including such dispersions reduced the maximum areal density to around 4 Tb/in 2. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned perpendicular media (BMP);  Heads;  Magnetic recording;  Simulation},
keywords={Electromagnets;  Magnetic heads, Contact recording;  Electromagnetic devices;  Heads;  Material parameter;  Maximum areal densities;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular media;  Simulation, Magnetic recording},
references={Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Kanai, Y., Greaves, S.J., Yamakawa, K., Aoi, H., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., A single-pole-type head design for 400 Gb/in 2 recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, pp. 687-695. , Feb; Greaves, S.J., Kanai, Y., Muraoka, H., Trailing shield head recording in discrete track media (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, pp. 2408-2410. , Oct; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , DOI 10.1063/1.1476062; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, p. 257204. , Jun; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Bandic, Z.Z., Yang, H., Kercher, D.S., Fullerton, E.E., Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Shaw, J.M., Rippard, W.H., Russek, S.E., Reith, T., Falco, C.M., Origins of switching field distributions in perpendicular magnetic nanodot arrays (2007) J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 023909},
correspondence_address1={Greaves, S. J.; RIEC, , Sendai 980-8577, Japan; email: simon@riec.tohoku.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Morooka20083754,
author={Morooka, A. and Nagao, M. and Yasunaga, T. and Nishimaki, K.},
title={Magnetic recording performance of "Bit printing method" on PMR media and its extendibility to the higher areal density},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2008},
volume={44},
number={11 PART 2},
pages={3754-3756},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002421},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350587088&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2008.2002421&partnerID=40&md5=652c8dbe48909c40b9273cdfbd6811f3},
affiliation={Recording Media Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Odawara 250-0001, Japan; Production Engineering and Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Odawara 250-0001, Japan},
abstract={Servo pattern printing which supports bulk magnetic transfer of the servo pattern is expected to be the ultimate solution for perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media servo track writing method. There are two printing methods, "Edge Printing (EP)" and "Bit printing (BP)" for PMR media. The reproduced waveform of EP method is not compatible with head writing. On the other hand, BP method is able to give the waveform like head write. We examined BP characteristic of the short bit length recording and its extendibility. The reproduced waveform of BP at 70 nm bit was equivalent to the head writing in its shape and amplitude. The spacing loss factor of BP was about 8 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio of reproduced waveform had its peak at the point where Ha was close to Hc of recording media. It was easy to apply larger Ha by BP method than EP method, and magnetic printing signal had no write stitching problem that was seen in head writing especially at outer diameter area. There was no significant concern to increase Ha on BP, and BP was suitable for the future short bit length pattern. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Hard disk drive (HDD);  Magnetic printing;  Patterned master;  Perpendicular magnetic recording media;  Servo track writing},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Signal to noise ratio, Hard disk drives;  Magnetic printing;  Patterned master;  Perpendicular magnetic recording media;  Servo track writing, Magnetism},
references={Nishikawa, M., Komatsu, K., Nagao, M., Kashiwagi, A., Sugita, R., Readback properties of novel magnetic contact duplication of high recording density floppy disk (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (5), pp. 2288-2290. , Sep; Nishikawa, M., Wakamatsu, S., Ichikawa, K., Usa, T., Nagao, M., Ishioka, T., Yasunaga, T., Sugita, R., Potential of servo pattern printing on PMR media with high density servo signal pattern (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42 (10), pp. 2612-2614. , Oct; Saito, A., Hamada, T., Ishida, T., Takano, Y., Yonezawa, E., A novel magnetic printing technique for perpendicular recording media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2195-2197. , Sep; Magnetic duplication for precise servo writing on magnetic disks (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (4), pp. 2528-2530. , Jul; Bertram, H.N., Niederrneyer, R., The effect of spacing on demagnetization in magnetic recording (1982) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-18 (6), pp. 1206-1208. , Nov; Sugita, R., (2008) Announced Intermag},
correspondence_address1={Morooka, A.; Recording Media Research Laboratories, , Odawara 250-0001, Japan; email: atsushi_morooka@fujifilm.co.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wang20081847,
author={Wang, J.-P.},
title={FePt magnetic nanoparticles and their assembly for future magnetic media},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE},
year={2008},
volume={96},
number={11},
pages={1847-1863},
doi={10.1109/JPROC.2008.2004318},
art_number={4694037},
note={cited By 92},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57249084224&doi=10.1109%2fJPROC.2008.2004318&partnerID=40&md5=29e250ef121126b1b5a9f722d0953446},
affiliation={Center for Micromagnetic and Information Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States},
abstract={Magnetic nanoparticles with extremely high anisotropy such as chemically ordered L1o phase FePt nanoparticles have been considered one of the best candidates for future magnetic recording media with areal density beyond 1 Tbit/in2 for either the nanocomposite-film-type heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media or the self-organized-magnetic-array (SOMA)-type bit patterned media. However, current preparation methods via phase transformation must overcome many obstacles, including particle agglomeration, twinning, and difficulty of easy axis alignment. In this paper, the effort on and promise of the preparation of monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles with high anisotropy by a gas phase condensation method is reviewed and reported. The focus is to review recent progress on the fabrication of monodispersed highly ordered L10 phase FePt nanoparticles without phase transformation, successfully self-assembled and magnetically aligned magnetic nanoparticles for SOMA and HAMR media. The mechanisms for directly forming L1o phase FePt nanoparticles during nucleation and growth processes and magnetically aligning these particles are analyzed. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Direct ordering;  Exchange coupled composite (ECC) media;  FePt;  Graded media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media;  Heat-assisted recording media;  Magnetic nanoparticles;  Multilevel storage; nanocomposite;  Patterned media;  Self-assembly;  Self-organized magnetic array (SOMA);  Shape-assisted assembly;  Tilted media},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Binary alloys;  Iron alloys;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Nanocomposite films;  Nanocomposites;  Nanoparticles;  Phase transitions;  Platinum alloys;  Self assembly, Direct ordering;  Exchange coupled composite media;  FePt;  Graded media;  Heat-assisted magnetic recording medias;  Heat-assisted recording media;  Magnetic nano-particles;  Multilevel storage;  Patterned medias;  Self-organized magnetic arrays;  Shape-assisted assembly;  Tilted media, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={70NANB1H3056},
funding_details={National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNational Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST},
funding_details={U.S. Department of CommerceU.S. Department of Commerce, DOC},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received September 17, 2007; revised June 16, 2008. Current version published December 2, 2008. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Advanced Technology Program under Cooperative Agreement Number 70NANB1H3056 and in part by Seagate Technology and Heraeus Corp. The author is with the Center for Micromagnetic and Information Technology and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA (e-mail: jpwang@umn.edu).},
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Phys. Lett, 431 (1-3), pp. 113-117; Cao, F., Bai, J.M., Wang, J.P., Univ. of Minnesota unpublished; Jing, Y., Wang, J.P., Univ. of Minnesota to be published; Skumryev, V., Stoyanov, S., Zhang, Y., Beating the superparamagnetic limit with exchange bias (2003) Nature, 423 (6942), pp. 850-853. , Jun. 19; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwigand, O., Terris, B.D., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 97, pp. 103-910; Wang, J.P., Mutlilevel magnetic recording media (2008) INSIC Rep, , Mar; Ko, H.Y.Y., Takao, S., Self-assembly and magnetic properties of FePt, FeRh nanoparticles, and FePt/FeRh nanocomposite particles (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43 (2), pp. 885-887; Xu, Y., Wang, J.P., Direct synthesis of heterostructured nanoparticles through surface segregation and phase separation in gas phase (2008) Adv. Mater, 20 (5), pp. 994-999; Xu, Y., Wang, J.P., FeCo-Au core-shell nanocrystals (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, pp. 233 107-233 109; Suess, D., Multilayer exchange spring media for magnetic recording (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 89 (11). , Sep. 11; Dobin, A.Y., Richter, H.J., Domain wall assisted magnetic recording (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 101 (9). , May 1; Ding, Y., Majetich, S.A., Size dependence, nucleation, and phase transformation of FePt nanoparticles (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 87 (2). , Jul. 11; Ding, Y., Majetich, S.A., Saturation of nuclei concentration in the phase transformation of FePt nanoparticles (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn, 43, pp. 3100-3102. , Jun; Sun, X.C., Kang, S.S., Harrell, J.W., Synthesis, chemical ordering, and magnetic properties of FePtCu nanoparticle films (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93 (10 PART. 2), pp. 7337-7339. , May 15; Kang, S.S., Jia, Z.Y., Shi, S.F., Easy axis alignment of chemically partially ordered FePt nanoparticles (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 86 (6). , Feb. 7; Xu, Y.F., Yan, M.L., Sellmyer, D.J., FePt nanocluster films for high-density magnetic recording (2007) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 7 (1), pp. 206-224. , Jan; Wang, J.P., FePt type exchange coupled composite media with graded structure and multilevel magnetic recording, (2008) Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) Quarterly Report, , Mar. 2008; The Magnetic Recording Conference, BB-03, Singapore, Jul},
correspondence_address1={Wang, J.-P.; Center for Micromagnetic and Information Technology, , Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: jpwang@umn.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189219},
coden={IEEPA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dobisz20081836,
author={Dobisz, E.A. and Bandić, Z.Z. and Wu, T.-W. and Albrecht, T.},
title={Patterned media: Nanofabrication challenges of future disk drives},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE},
year={2008},
volume={96},
number={11},
pages={1836-1846},
doi={10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007600},
art_number={4694027},
note={cited By 63},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57149148258&doi=10.1109%2fJPROC.2008.2007600&partnerID=40&md5=a9d040b52a4dc36b1d657818e4cb96a4},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={Scaling of the bit size in conventional magnetic recording media is becoming increasingly difficult due to the superparamagnetic limit. Innovations in magnetic recording technology are emerging to enable the continued growth in bit areal density. Thermal stability problems of conventional granular media can be greatly helped by patterning single domain magnetic islands for each magnetic bit. Fabrication of patterned media requires application of nanoimprint lithography for high-volume production of patterned media disks and high-resolution electron beam lithography for fabrication of the nanoimprint masters. We discuss the approaches and the many challenges to the implementation of patterned media disks. © 2008 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Data storage;  E-beam lithography;  Magnetic storage;  Nanofabrication;  Nanoimprint;  Nanomagnetic;  Patterned media},
keywords={Digital storage;  Electron beam lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanomagnetics;  Nanotechnology, Data storage;  e-Beam lithography;  High-resolution electron beam lithography;  High-volume production;  Magnetic recording media;  Nano-imprint;  Patterned medias;  Superparamagnetic limit, Magnetic storage},
references={Fontana, R.E., Hetzler, S.R., (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99 (8); Parkin, S.S.P., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett, 71, p. 1641; Parker, M.A., Coffey, K.R., Howard, J.K., Tsang, C.H., Fontana, R.E., Hylton, T.L., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn, 32, p. 142; Ho, M.K., Tsang, C.H., Fontana, R.E., Parkin, S.S., Carey, K.J., Pan, T., MacDonald, S., Moore, J.O., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 25, p. 993; Childress, J.R., Carey, M.J., Maat, S., Smith, N., Fontana, R.E., Druist, D., Carey, K., Tsang, C.H., (2008) IEEE Trans. Magn, 44, p. 90; Wood, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 36; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (6), p. 4423; Weller, D., Doerner, M.F., (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci, 30, pp. 611-644; Mallary, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4), p. 1719; Stone, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Trans. Roy. Soc, 240, p. 599; Rottmayer, R.E., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), p. 2417; Rottmayer, R., Cheng, C., Shi, X., Tong, L., Tong, H., (1999), U.S. Patent 5 986 978; Yin, L., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett, 85 (3), p. 467; Shi, X., Hesselink, J., (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 41, p. 1632; Grober, R., Bukofsky, S., Seeberg, S., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett, 70, p. 2368; Thiele, J.-U., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, p. 2859; Richter, H.J., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, p. 2255; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors: ITRS, 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.itrs.net/Links/2007ITRS/Home2007.htm; Fugita, J., Ohnishi, Y., Nomura, E., Matsui, S., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4272; Austin, M.D., Ge, H., Wu, W., Li, M., Yu, Z., Wasserman, D., Lyon, S.A., Chou, S.Y., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett, 84, p. 5299; Chou, S.Y., Keimel, C., Gu, J., (2002) Nature, 417 (6891), p. 835; Wachenschwanz, D., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, p. 670; Kikitsu, A., Proc. IEEE INTERMAG 2003, Mar. 28-Apr. 3, 2003, p. CC-06; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4129; Bailey, T., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18, p. 3572; R. Ruiz, K. M., F. A. Detcheverry, E. Dobisz, D. S. Kercher, T. R. Albrecht, J. J. de Pablo, and P. F. Nealey, Density multiplication and improved lithography by directed block copolymer assembly, Science, 321, no. 5891, pp. 936-939, 2008; Solak, H.H., Ekinci, Y., Kaser, P., Park, S., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 91; Heidari, B., Moller, T., Palm, R., Bolmsjo, E., Beck, M., (2005) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Micropracess. Nanotechnol. Conf, pp. 144-145. , Oct. 25-28; Bogdanov, A., Holmqvist, T., Jedrasik, P., Nilsson, B., (2003) Microelectron. Eng, 67-68, pp. 381-389; Yang, X.M., Xiao, S., Wu, W., Xu, Y., Lee, K., Kuo, D., Weller, D., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 2202; Nishida, T., Electron-beam mastering with fine beam and precise positioning for patterned disks (2006) Fall MRS Meeting, , Boston, Nov. 26-Dec. 1; Kwon, S., Yan, X., Conteras, A.M., Liddle, J.A., Somorjai, G.A., Bokor, J., (2005) Nanoletters, 5, p. 2557; Resnick, D.J., (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24, p. 2979; Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Olav, Kercher, D., Dobisz, E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, p. 162502; Hirano, T., Fan, L.S., Gao, J.Q., Lee, W.Y., MEMS milliactuator for hard-disk-drive tracking servo (1998) J. Microelecfromech. Syst, 7, p. 149},
correspondence_address1={Dobisz, E. A.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189219},
coden={IEEPA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ross2008838,
author={Ross, C.A. and Cheng, J.Y.},
title={Patterned magnetic media made by self-assembled block-copolymer lithography},
journal={MRS Bulletin},
year={2008},
volume={33},
number={9},
pages={838-845},
doi={10.1557/mrs2008.179},
note={cited By 68},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52649169250&doi=10.1557%2fmrs2008.179&partnerID=40&md5=ecef3f584ccf838125d4c1983e0674ec},
abstract={Patterned magnetic recording media, in which data bits are stored in discrete single-domain magnetic particles, have been proposed for the next generation of recording media. To achieve high densities, features with periodicities on the order of 25 nm and below are required over large areas, which is a challenging task for any lithography process. Block copolymers (BCPs), which phase-separate into ordered periodic nanoscale structures, might provide a path to accomplish such patterning. In this article, we describe BCP lithography and show how the self-assembled patterns can be templated to make large-area arrays of nanoscale structures with long-range order.},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Magnetism;  Nanotechnology, Block copolymer lithography;  Lithography process;  Long range orders;  Magnetic recording media;  Nanoscale structure;  Patterned magnetic media;  Self-assembled patterns;  Single domain magnetic particles, Lithography},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199; Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci, 31, p. 203; Richter, H.J., (2007) J. Phys. D, 40, pp. R149; Krausch, G., Magerle, R., (2002) Adv. Mater, 14, p. 1579; Park, C., Yoon, J., Thomas, E.L., (2003) Polymer, 44, p. 6725; Hamley, I.W., (2003) Nanotechnology, 14, pp. R39; Segalman, R.A., (2005) Mater. Sci. Eng. Rep, 48, p. 191; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., (2006) Adv. Mater, 18, p. 2505; Darling, S.B., (2007) Prog. Polym. Sci, 32, p. 1152; Black, C.T., Ruiz, R., Breyta, G., Cheng, J.Y., Colburn, M.E., Guarini, K.W., Kim, H.-C., Zhang, Y., (2007) IBM J. Res. Dev, 51, p. 605; Ross, C.A., (2007) Microlithogr. World, 16, p. 4; Mansky, P., Huang, E., Liu, Y., Russell, T.P., Hawker, C., (1997) Science, 275, p. 1458; Ni, Y., Rulkens, R., Manners, I., (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc, 118, p. 4102; Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., (2007) Nano Lett, 7, p. 2046; Bates, E.S., Fredrickson, G.H., (1990) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem, 41, p. 525; Russell, T.P., Hjelm, R.P., Seeger, P.A., (1990) Macromolecules, 23, p. 890; Hammond, M.R., Cochran, E., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., (2005) Macromolecules, 38, p. 6575; Eitouni, H.B., Balsara, N.P., Hahn, H., Pople, J.A., Hempenius, M.A., (2002) Macromolecules, 35, p. 7765; Nose, T., (1995) Polymer, 36, p. 2243; Segalman, R.A., Yokoyama, H., Kramer, E.J., (2001) Adv. Mater, 13, p. 1152; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1949; Cheng, J.Y., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., (2004) Nat. Mater, 3, p. 823; Black, C.T., Bezencenet, O., (2004) IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol, 3, p. 412; Sundrani, D., Darling, S.B., Sibener, S.J., (2004) Nano Lett, 4, p. 273; S. Xiao, X. Yang, E.W. Edward, Y. La, P.F. Nealey, Nanotechnology 16, S324 (2005); Ruiz, R., Sandstrom, R.L., Black, C.T., (2007) Adv. Mater, 19, p. 587; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F.L., Smith, H.I., Vancso, G.J., Ross, C.A., (2006) Adv. Mater, 18, p. 597; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., (2006) Nano Lett, 6, p. 2099; Bita, I., Yang, J.K.W., Jung, Y.S., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Berggren, K.K., (2008) Science, 321, p. 939; Rockford, L., Liu, Y., Mansky, P., Russell, T.P., Yoon, M., Mochrie, S.G.J., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett, 82, p. 2602; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N.J., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2003) Nature, 424, p. 411; Edwards, E.W., Montague, M.F., Solak, H.H., Hawker, C.J., Nealey, P.F., (2004) Adv. Mater, 16, p. 1315; Stoykovich, M.P., Muller, M., Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Edwards, E.W., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2005) Science, 308, p. 1442; Edwards, E.W., Muller, M., Stoykovich, M.P., Solak, H.H., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2007) Macromolecules, 40, p. 90; Ruiz, R., Kang, H., Detcheverry, F.A., Dobisz, E., Kercher, D.S., Albrecht, T.R., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., (2008) Science, 321, p. 936; Cheng, J.Y., Rettner, C.T., Sanders, D.P., Kim, H.C., Hinsberg, W.D., (2008) Adv. Mater, 20, p. 3155; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.H., Thomas, E.L., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., (2001) Adv. Mater, 13, p. 1174; Walsh, M.E., Hao, Y., Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18, p. 3539; Cheng, J.Y., Jung, W., Ross, C.A., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 064417; Asakawa, K., Hiraoka, T., (2002) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 41, p. 6112; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 95, p. 6705; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol, 19, p. 425; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., Bai, J.M., Ishio, S., (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 46, p. 999; S. Xiao, X. Yang, E.W. Edward, Y. La, P.F. Nealey, Nanotechnology 16, S324 (2005); Kubo, T., Parker, J.S., Hillmyer, M.A., Leighton, C., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 90, p. 233113; Black, C.T., Guarini, K.W., Sandstrom, R.L., Yeung, S., Zhang, Y., (2002) Proc. Mater. Res. Soc, 728, pp. S4.9; Bal, M., Ursache, A., Tuominen, M.T., Goldbach, J.T., Russell, T.P., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 81, p. 3479; Abes, J.I., Cohen, R.E., Ross, C.A., (2003) Chem. Mater, 15, p. 1125; Hashimoto, T., Tsutsumi, K., Funaki, Y., (1997) Langmuir, 13, p. 6869; Darling, S.B., Yufa, N.A., Cisse, A.L., Bader, S.D., Sibener, S.J., (2005) Adv. Mater, 17, p. 2446; F. Ilievski, C.A. Ross, G.J. Vancso, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 07C520 (2008); Guarini, K.W., Black, C.T., Yeuing, S.H.I., (2002) Adv. Mater, 14, p. 1290; Xiao, S., Yang, X., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 1953; Hammond, M.R., Sides, S.W., Fredrickson, G.H., Kramer, E.J., Ruokolainen, J., Hahn, S.F., (2003) Macromolecules, 36, p. 8712},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
issn={08837694},
coden={MRSBE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={MRS Bull},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{NoAuthor2008831,
title={Nanostructured materials in information storage},
journal={MRS Bulletin},
year={2008},
volume={33},
number={9},
pages={831-834},
doi={10.1557/mrs2008.178},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52649134568&doi=10.1557%2fmrs2008.178&partnerID=40&md5=9bc6ffc58ef513f52771ca517ae58fa9},
abstract={The ever-increasing demand for information storage has pushed research and development of nonvolatile memories, particularly magnetic disk drives and siliconbased memories, to areal densities where bit sizes are approaching nanometer dimensions. At this level, material and device phenomena make further scaling increasingly difficult. The difficulties are illustrated in the examples of magnetic media and flash memory, such as thermal instability of sub-100-nm bits in magnetic memory and charge retention in flash memory, and solutions are discussed in the form of patterned media and crosspoint memories. The materials-based difficulties are replaced by nanofabrication challenges, requiring the introduction of new techniques such as nanoimprinting lithography for cost-effective manufacturing and self-assembly for fabrication on the sub-25-nm scale. Articles in this issue describe block-copolymer lithographic fabrication of patterned media, materials studies on the scaling limits of phase-change-based crosspoint memories, nanoscale fabrication using imprint lithography, and biologically inspired protein-based memory.},
keywords={Biomimetics;  Block copolymers;  Cost effectiveness;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetism;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanostructured materials;  Phase change materials;  Phase change memory;  Thermodynamic stability, Biologically inspired;  Imprint lithography;  Lithographic fabrication;  Nano-scale fabrication;  Nanoimprinting lithography;  Nanometer dimensions;  Research and development;  Thermal instabilities, Flash memory},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35, p. 4423; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 10; McFadyen, I.R., Fullerton, E.E., Carey, M.J., (2006) MRS Bull, 31, p. 379; Fazio, A., (2004) MRS Bull, 29, p. 814; Raoux, S., Rettner, C.T., Chen, Y.-C., Burr, G.W., (2008) MRS Bull, 33 (9); Bandic, Z.Z., Dobisz, E.A., Wu, T.W., Albrecht, T.R., (2006) Solid State Technol, 49 (9); Sreenivasan, S.V., Resnick, D.J., Xu, F., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., LaBrake, D., McMackin, I., (2008) MRS Bull, 33 (9); Ross, C.A., Cheng, J.Y., (2008) MRS Bull, 33 (9); S.A. Tsaftaris, V. Hatzimanikatis, A.K. Katsaggelos, presented at Artificial Life X, Bloomington, IN, 3-7 June 2006; Khizroev, S., Ikkawi, R., Amos, N., Chomko, R., Renugopalakrishnan, V., Haddon, R., Litvinov, D., (2008) MRS Bull, 33 (9)},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
issn={08837694},
coden={MRSBE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={MRS Bull},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ozatay2008567,
author={Ozatay, O. and Gowtham, P.G. and Tan, K.W. and Read, J.C. and Mkhoyan, K.A. and Thomas, M.G. and Fuchs, G.D. and Braganca, P.M. and Ryan, E.M. and Thadani, K.V. and Silcox, J. and Ralph, D.C. and Buhrman, R.A.},
title={Sidewall oxide effects on spin-torque- and magnetic-field-induced reversal characteristics of thin-film nanomagnets},
journal={Nature Materials},
year={2008},
volume={7},
number={7},
pages={567-573},
doi={10.1038/nmat2204},
note={cited By 56},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-45849109171&doi=10.1038%2fnmat2204&partnerID=40&md5=86ba55fcbd48388d276cbeaaa798cc0e},
affiliation={Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2501, United States; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95136, United States},
abstract={The successful operation of spin-based data storage devices depends on thermally stable magnetic bits. At the same time, the data-processing speeds required by todays technology necessitate ultrafast switching in storage devices. Achieving both thermal stability and fast switching requires controlling the effective damping in magnetic nanoparticles. By carrying out a surface chemical analysis, we show that through exposure to ambient oxygen during processing, a nanomagnet can develop an antiferromagnetic sidewall oxide layer that has detrimental effects, which include a reduction in the thermal stability at room temperature and anomalously high magnetic damping at low temperatures. The in situ deposition of a thin Al metal layer, oxidized to completion in air, greatly reduces or eliminates these problems. This implies that the effective damping and the thermal stability of a nanomagnet can be tuned, leading to a variety of potential applications in spintronic devices such as spin-torque oscillators and patterned media. © 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.},
keywords={Chemical analysis;  Chemical stability;  Damping;  Data handling;  Digital storage;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Nanoparticles;  Thermodynamic stability;  Virtual storage, Antiferromagnetics;  Data storage devices;  Effective damping;  In-situ deposition;  Magnetic nano-particles;  Spin-torque oscillators;  Surface chemical analysis;  Ultrafast switching, Nanomagnetics},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECS 03-35765},
funding_details={Office of Naval ResearchOffice of Naval Research, ONR},
funding_details={Semiconductor Research CorporationSemiconductor Research Corporation, SRC},
funding_details={Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard UniversityMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University, MRSEC},
funding_text 1={We thank J. C. Sankey for providing us with the macrospin simulation code and T. Hauet for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Semiconductor Research Corporation, the Office of Naval Research, the NSF/NSEC program through the Cornell Center for Nanoscale Systems and an IBM-Faculty Partnership award. The work was carried out in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECS 03-35765), and it benefited from use of the facilities of the Cornell Center for Materials Research, which is supported by the NSF/MRSEC program.},
references={Meiklejohn, W.H., Bean, C.P., New magnetic anisotropy (1956) Phys. Rev, 102, pp. 1413-1414; Hagedorn, F.B., Exchange anisotropy in oxidized permalloy thin films at low temperatures (1967) J. Appl. Phys, 38, pp. 3641-3645; Patton, C.E., Wilts, C.H., Temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in thin Ni-Fe films (1967) J. Appl. Phys, 38, pp. 3537-3540; Nogues, J., Exchange bias in nanostructures (2005) Phys. Rep, 422, pp. 65-117; Krivorotov, I.N., Leighton, C., Nogues, J., Schuller, I.K., Dahlberg, E.D., Relation between exchange anisotropy and magnetization reversal asymmetry in Fe/MnF2 bilayers (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 100402; McMichael, R.D., Stiles, M.D., Chen, P.J., Egelhoff, W.F., Ferromagnetic resonance studies of NiO-coupled thin films of Ni 80Fe20 (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, pp. 8605-8612; Krishnan, K.M., Exchange biasing of permalloy films by MnxPt1-x : Role of composition and microstructure (1998) J. Appl. Phys, 83, pp. 6810-6812; Emley, N.C., Time-resolved spin-torque switching and enhanced damping in permalloy/Cu/permalloy spin-valve nanopillars (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96, p. 247204; Fitzsimmons, M.R., Silva, T.J., Crawford, T.M., Surface oxidation of permalloy thin films (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 014420; Krivorotov, I.N., Temperature dependence of spin-transfer-induced switching of nanomagnets (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett, 93, p. 166603; Florez, S.H., Katine, J.A., Carey, M., Folks, L., Terris, B.D., Modification of critical spin torque current induced by rf excitation J. Appl. Phys, 103. , 07A708 2008; Kurkijarvi, J., Intrinsic fluctuations in a superconducting ring closed with a Josephson junction (1972) Phys. Rev. B, 6, pp. 832-835; Myers, E.B., Thermally activated magnetic reversal induced by a spin-polarized current (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett, 89, p. 196801; Sharrock, M.P., Time-dependent magnetic phenomena and particle-size effects in recording media (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn, 26, pp. 193-197; Wernsdorfer, W., Experimental evidence of the Neel-Brown model of magnetization reversal (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett, 78, pp. 1791-1794; Leighton, C., Coercivity enhancement above the Neel temperature of an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayer (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 92, pp. 1483-1488; Fitzsimmons, M.R., Influence of in-plane crystalline quality of an antiferromagnet on perpendicular exchange coupling and exchange bias (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 134436; Braganca, P.M., Reducing the critical current for short-pulse spin-transfer switching of nanomagnets (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 87, p. 112507; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0 Interagency Report NISTIR 6376, , National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Blundell, S., (2001) Magnetism in Condensed Matter, pp. 188-189. , Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford; Gruyters, M.J., Structural and magnetic properties of transition metal oxide/metal bilayers prepared by in situ oxidation (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 248, pp. 248-257; Khapikov, A.F., Harrell, J.W., Fujiwara, H., Hou, C., Temperature dependence of exchange field and coercivity in polycrystalline NiO/NiFe film with thin antiferromagnetic layer: Role of antiferromagnet grain size distribution (2000) J. Appl. Phys, 87, pp. 4954-4956; Sun, J.Z., Spin-current interaction with a monodomain magnetic body: A model study (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, pp. 570-578; Compton, R.L., Pechan, M.J., Maat, S., Fullerton, E.E., Probing the magnetic transitions in exchange-biased FePt3/Fe bilayers (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 054411; Dubowik, D., Temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance in permalloy/NiO exchange-biased films (2005) Eur. Phys. J. B, 45, pp. 283-288; Slonczewski, J.C., Currents and torques in metallic magnetic multilayers (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 247, pp. 324-338; Nadgorny, B., Transport spin-polarization of Ni xFe1-x: Electron kinematics and band structure (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, pp. R3788-R3791; Fuchs, G.D., Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements of damping in nanomagnets (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett, 91, p. 062507},
correspondence_address1={Ozatay, O.; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2501, United States; email: ozhan.ozatay@hitachigst.com},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group},
issn={14761122},
coden={NMAAC},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nat. Mater.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao20071953,
author={Xiao, S. and Yang, X.},
title={Graphoepitaxial cylindrical block copolymer nanodomains evaluated as bit patterned media template},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2007},
volume={25},
number={6},
pages={1953-1957},
doi={10.1116/1.2801860},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37149046183&doi=10.1116%2f1.2801860&partnerID=40&md5=5cf0843efab6ad1dcca071d33aeee1ab},
affiliation={Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States},
abstract={To utilize self-assembled block copolymer structures to fabricate the template of bit patterned media, two basic issues of block copolymer nanodomains need to be considered: (a) size uniformity and (b) position accuracy. The manipulation of domain position was achieved here by graphoepitaxy of cylindrical block copolymer domains in a topographic trench pattern. Trench surface may be neutralized to guarantee the perpendicular orientation of cylindrical domains on the trench bottom surface and domain alignment along the trench sidewall. The size distributions of cylindrical domains on both flat surface and topographically patterned surface have been analyzed and the correlation between the size distribution and the local-range order is addressed. The distributions of the domain size and domain position-related parameters, such as the dot spacing along the axis (parallel to the trench edge) and across the axis, have been investigated as a function of the number of domain rows in the trench. Qualitatively, line edge roughness or linewidth roughness of trenches attributes to the larger variation of spacing across the axis. Finally, a surface trench without neutralization pretreatment was found to enable the graphoepitaxy of block copolymer domains with an areal density >1 Tdot/ in.2. © 2007 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Block copolymer nanodomains;  Graphoepitaxy;  Position-related parameters, Self assembly;  Size distribution;  Surface roughness, Block copolymers},
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correspondence_address1={Xiao, S.; Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; email: shuaigang.xiao@seagate.com},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yang20072202,
author={Yang, X. and Xiao, S. and Wu, W. and Xu, Y. and Mountfield, K. and Rottmayer, R. and Lee, K. and Kuo, D. and Weller, D.},
title={Challenges in 1 Teradotin. 2 dot patterning using electron beam lithography for bit-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2007},
volume={25},
number={6},
pages={2202-2209},
doi={10.1116/1.2798711},
note={cited By 91},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37149010789&doi=10.1116%2f1.2798711&partnerID=40&md5=ca320b5a93e8643fc21c043bf3ae597b},
affiliation={Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; RMO, Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States},
abstract={Electron beam lithography presents a great opportunity for bit-patterned media (BPM) applications due to its resolution capability and placement accuracy. However, there are still many challenges associated with this application including tool availability, resist capability, process development, and associated metrology needs. This paper will briefly discuss these challenges and show the results of sub-25 nm pitch (1 Tdotsin. 2) patterning from both a simulation and experimental perspective. The simulation results indicate that the energy contrast between the exposed and unexposed areas goes down quickly as the pitch size gets smaller and smaller, making it more difficult for image formation of high-resolution dot patterning. The strategy to overcome this issue is to optimize the development process, which aims at increasing the resist contrast and enlarging the process window. By using this approach, the authors have successfully demonstrated a pitch resolution down to 18 nm for a positive-tone resist ZEP520 and 12 nm for a negative-tone resist silsesquioxane, corresponding to the areal density of ∼2.0 and ∼4.5 Tdotsin. 2, respectively. Using the ZEP520 resist process, a Cr dot array with a pitch of 21 nm (∼1.5 Tdotsin. 2) for template fabrication is demonstrated. High-quality scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images were used as primary metrology for both the dot size uniformity and the placement accuracy analysis. © 2007 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Negative-tone resist silsesquioxane;  Pitch resolution, Atomic force microscopy;  Computer simulation;  Measurement theory, Electron beam lithography},
references={Rottmayer, R.E., Batra, S., Buechel, D., Challener, W., Hohlfeld, J., Kubota, Y., Li, L., Yang, X.-M., (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn., 42, p. 2417. , 0018-9464 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879572; Seigler, M.A., Challener, W.A., Gage, E., Gokemeijer, N., Ju, G., Lu, B., Pelhos, K., Rausch, T., IEEE Trans. Magn., , 0018-9464; Bandic, Z.Z., Dobisz, E.A., Wu, T., Albrecht, T.R., (2006) Solid State Technol., 49, p. 7; Service, R.F., (2006) Science, 314, p. 1868. , 0036-8075 10.1126/science.314.5807.1868; Schmid, G., Thompson, E., Stacy, N., Resnick, D., Deirdre, O., Anderson, E., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 853; Zhou, J., Yang, X.-M., (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24, p. 1202; Yang, X.-M., (2005) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 23, p. 2624; (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2209179; Hu, W., Sarveswaran, K., Lieberman, M., Bernstein, G.H., (2004) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 22, p. 1711. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.1763897; Ocola, L.E., Stein, A., (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24, p. 3061. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.2366698; Note: Mack4 development model. Rmax: the develorate of fully exposed chains; Rmin: develorate of the nonexposed resist; n: selectivity of the developer; Mth: threshold of the PAC concentration. R (x,y,z) =Rmax [(a+1) (1-M (x,y,z)) n] [a+ (1-M (x,y,z)) n] +Rmin;a= [(n+1) (n-1)] (1- Mth) n; Henschel, W., Georgiev, Y.M., Kurz, H., (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, p. 2018. , 1071-1023 10.1116/1.1603284; Yang, H., Jin, A., Luo, Q., Gu, C., Cui, Z., Chen, Y., (2006) Microelectron. Eng., 83, p. 788. , 0167-9317 10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.004; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Itoh, K., Sone, H., (2006) Microelectron. Eng., 83, p. 792; Fujita, J., Ohnishi, Y., Manako, S., Ochiai, Y., Nomura, E., Sakamoto, T., Matsui, S., (1997) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, p. 7769. , 0021-4922; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131. , 0003-6951 10.1063/1.2400102},
correspondence_address1={Yang, X.; Seagate Research Center, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; email: xiaomin.yang@seagate.com},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Solak20072123,
author={Solak, H.H. and Ekinci, Y.},
title={Bit-array patterns with density over 1 Tbit in.2 fabricated by extreme ultraviolet interference lithography},
journal={Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures},
year={2007},
volume={25},
number={6},
pages={2123-2126},
doi={10.1116/1.2799974},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37149011432&doi=10.1116%2f1.2799974&partnerID=40&md5=6c92e81cb68057d630240d5482cb1ffb},
affiliation={Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; EULITHA GmbH, c/o Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland; Metal Physics and Technology, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland},
abstract={The use of patterned magnetic media in future data storage devices requires the fabrication of two-dimensional periodic patterns with resolution well below 35 nm in terms of the pattern period. The authors have used extreme ultraviolet interference lithography based on transmission diffraction gratings to demonstrate arrays of structures in negative resists calixarene and hydrogen silsesquioxane. The produced patterns have density exceeding 1 Tbit in.2. Analysis of structure size and position on one of the patterns indicates variations of subnanometer magnitude. © 2007 American Vacuum Society.},
keywords={Data storage equipment;  Density (specific gravity);  Diffraction gratings;  Optical resolving power;  Two dimensional, Calixarene;  Hydrogen silsesquioxane;  Transmission diffraction gratings, Extreme ultraviolet lithography},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199; Service, R.F., (2006) Science, 314, p. 868; Richter, H.J., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Shirai, M., Sone, H., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, p. 223131; Solak, H.H., Ekinci, Y., Kaser, P., Park, S., (2007) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 25, p. 91; Solak, H.H., David, C., Gobrecht, J., Wang, L., Cerrina, F., (2002) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, p. 2844; Solak, H.H., David, C., (2003) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, p. 2883; Wachulak, P.W., Capeluto, M.G., Marconi, M.C., Menoni, C.S., Rocca, J.J., (2007) Opt. Express, 15, p. 3465; Solak, H.H., David, C., Gobrecht, J., Golovkina, V., Cerrina, F., Kim, S.O., Nealey, P.F., (2003) Microelectron. Eng., 67-68, p. 56; Solak, H.H., (2005) Microelectron. Eng., 78-79, p. 410; Narihiro, M., Arai, K., Ishida, M., Ochiai, Y., Natsuka, Y., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 44, p. 5581; Ekinci, Y., Solak, H.H., Padeste, C., Gobrecht, J., Stoykovich, M.P., Nealey, P.F., (2007) Microelectron. Eng., 84, p. 700; Yasin, S., Hasko, D.G., Carecenac, F., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 311; Ishida, M., Fujita, J., Ogura, T., Ochiai, Y., Ohshima, E., Momoda, J., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 42, p. 3913},
correspondence_address1={Solak, H.H.; Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; email: harun.solak@psi.ch},
issn={10711023},
coden={JVTBD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Vac Sci Technol B Microelectron Nanometer Struct},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sbiaa200729,
author={Sbiaa, R. and Piramanayagam, S.N.},
title={Patterned media towards nano-bit magnetic Recording: Fabrication and challenges},
journal={Recent Patents on Nanotechnology},
year={2007},
volume={1},
number={1},
pages={29-40},
doi={10.2174/187221007779814754},
note={cited By 54},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60849133176&doi=10.2174%2f187221007779814754&partnerID=40&md5=a63067f0960fe26fa3dd9f97cc5d5266},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore - 117 608, Singapore},
abstract={During the past decade, magnetic Recording density of HDD has doubled almost every 18 months. To keep increasing the recording density, there is a need to make the small bits thermally stable. The most recent method using perpendicular recording media (PMR) will lose its fuel in a few years time and alternatives are sought. Patterned media, where the bits are magnetically separated from each other, offer the possibility to solve many issues encountered by PMR technology. However, implementation of patterned media would involve developing processing methods which offer high resolution (small bits), regular patterns, and high density. All these need to be achieved without sacrificing a high throughput and low cost. In this article, we review some of the ideas that have been proposed in this subject. However, the focus of the paper is on nano-imprint lithography (NIL) as it fulfills most of the needs of HDD as compared to conventional lithography using electron beam, EUV or X-Rays. The latest development of NIL and related technologies and their future prospects for patterned media are also discussed. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.},
author_keywords={Conventional;  Hard disk drives (HDD);  Lithography;  Lithography method;  Magnetic Recordings;  Media;  Nano fabrication;  Nano-imprint lithography;  Optical lithography;  Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR);  X-rays},
keywords={Conventional;  Conventional lithography;  Future prospects;  Hard disk drives;  High density;  High resolution;  High throughput;  Latest development;  Low costs;  Media;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular recording media;  Processing method;  Recording density;  Regular patterns;  Signaltonoise ratio (SNR);  Thermally stable, Electron beams;  Hard disk storage;  Lithography;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Photolithography;  X rays, Magnetic recording, automated pattern recognition;  magnetism;  mass medium;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  review;  temperature, Communications Media;  Magnetics;  Nanotechnology;  Pattern Recognition, Automated;  Temperature},
references={Choe, G., Acharya, B.R., Johnson, K.E., Lee, K.J., Transition and DC Noise Characteristics of Longitudinal Oriented Media (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2264-2266; Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., Areal density limits for perpendicular magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, pp. 1886-1891; Charap, S., Lu, F.L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans Magn, 33, pp. 978-983; Iwasaki, S., Development of perpendicular magnetic recording conference (2005) J Magn Magn Mater, 287, pp. 1-8; Jorgensen, F., The inventor Valdemar Poulsen (1999) J Magn Magn Mater, 193, pp. 1-7; Bertero, G.A., Wachenschwanz, D., Malhotra, S., Velu, S., Bian, B., Stafford, D., Yan, W., Wang, S.X., Optimization of granular double-layer perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, pp. 1627-1931; Hikosaka, T., Komai, T., Tanaka, Y., Oxygen effect on the microstructure and magnetic properties of binary CoPt thin films for perpendicular recording (1994) IEEE Trans Magn, 30, pp. 4026-4028; Oikawa, T., Nakamura, M., Uwazumi, H., Shimatsu, T., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Microstructure and magnetic properties of CoPtCr- SiO2 perpendicular recording media (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, pp. 1976-1978; Piramanayagam, S.N., Pock, C.K., Li, L., Ong, C.Y., Mah, C.S., Shi, J.Z., (2006) Appl Phys Lett, 89 (16), p. 162504; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 Gbits/in.2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J Appl Phys, 76, pp. 6673-6675; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) IEEE Trans Magn, 85 (4), pp. 652-671; Ross, C.A., Patterned magnetic recoding media (2001) Annu Rev Mater Res, 31, pp. 203-235; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J Phys D Appl Phys, 38, pp. R199-R222; Farhoud, M., Ferrera, J., Lochtefeld, A.J., Fabrication of 200 nm period nanomagnet arrays using interference lithography and a negative resist (1999) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology, B17, pp. 3182-3185; Haast, M.A.M., Heskamp, I.R., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Popma, T.H.J.A., Magnetic characterization of large area arrays of single and multi domain CoNi/Pt multilayer dots (1999) J Magn Magn Mat, 193, pp. 511-514; Sindhu, S., Haast, M.A.M., Ramstöck, K., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Micromagnetic simulations of the domain structure and the magnetization reversal of Co50Ni50/Pt multilayer dots (2002) J Magn Magn Mat, 238, pp. 246-251; Switkes, M., Bloomstein, T.M., Rothschild, M., Patterning of sub-50 nm dense features with space-invariant 157 nm interference lithography (2000) Appl Phys Lett, 77, pp. 3149-3151; Cohen, S.J., Jeong, H., Shafer, D.R., (2000), US20006142641; Ray-Chaudhuri, A.K., Spence, P.A., Kanouff, M.P., (2001), US20016206528; Schriever, G., (2004), US20046770896; Solak, H.H., Nanolithography with coherent extreme ultraviolet light (2006) J Phys D Appl Phys, 39, pp. R171-R188; Enichen, W.A., Robinson, C.F., (1998), US5763894; Brooks, C.J., (2001), US6261726; Stanton, S.T., (2006), US20067050957; Berger, S.D., Leventhal, M., Liddle, J.A., (1993), US5260151; Komatsu, K., Usa, T., (2006), US20067026098; Vladimirsky, Y., Bourdillon, A., (2002), US20026383697; Seres, J., Seres, E., Verhoef, A.J., Source of coherent kiloelectronvolt (2005) Nature, 596 S, p. 433; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 17, pp. 3168-3176; Metzger, R.M., Konovalov, V.V., Sun, M., Xu, T., Zangari, G., Xu, B., Benakli, M., Doyle, W.D., Magnetic nanowires in hexagonally ordered pores (2000) IEEE Trans Magn, 36, pp. 30-35; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jin, S., CoPt patterned media in anodized aluminum oxide templates (2006) J Appl Phys, 99, pp. 08G902-08G904; Hideki, M., Masashi, N., Toshiaki, T., (2000), US20006139713; Yang, X., Xiao, S., Liu, C., Pelhos, K., Minor, K., Nanoscopic templates using self-assembled cylindrical diblock copolymers for patterned media (2004) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 22, pp. 3331-3334; Xiao, S., Yang, X.M., Edwards, E.W., La, Y.-H., Nealey, P.F., Graphoepitaxy of cylinder-forming block copolymers for use as templates to pattern magnetic metal dot arrays (2005) Nanotechnology, 16, pp. S324-S329; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Baglin, E.E.J., Hamann, H.F., Sun, S., (2005), US20056866898; Kang, S., Harrell, J.W., Nikles, D.E., Large-scale Fabrication of Ordered Nano-Bowl Arrays (2002) Nano Lett, 2, p. 1033; Weller, D., Deeman, N., van de Veerdak, R.J.M., Shukla, N., (2006), US20067041394; Song, T., Zhang, Y., Zhou, T., Lim, C.T., Ramakrishna, S., Liu, B., Encapsulation of self-assembled FePt magnetic nanoparticles in PCL nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning (2005) Chem Phys Lett, 415, pp. 317-322; Sellmyer, D.J., Xu, Y., Yan, M., Sui, Y., Zhou, J., Skomski, R., Assembly of high-anisotropy L10 FePt nanocomposite films (2006) J Magn Magn Mat, 303, pp. 302-308; Kim, S.O., Solak, H.H., Stoykovich, M.P., Ferrier, N., de Pablo, J.J., Nealey, P.F., Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 411-414; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted selfassembling method (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, pp. 1949-1951; Sakurai, M., Hieda, H., Naito, K., (2005), US2005/0079283; Chou, S.Y., (1998), US5772905; Ling, T., Montelius, L., Heidari, B., (2005), US20056923930; Heidari, B., (2005), EP1533657; Perret, C., Gourgon, C., Landis, S., (2006), pp. A1. , US2006/0183060; Willson, C.G.M.E., Colburn, M.E., (2002), US20026334960; Chou, S.Y., (2002), US20026482742; Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Colburn, M., Sreenivasan, S.V., Willson, C.G., Ekerdt, J., (2004), US20046696220; Sreenivasan, S.V., Choi, B.J., Schumaker, N.E., Voisin, R.D., Watts, M.P.C., Meissl, M.J., (2006), US20067077992; Sreenivasan, S.V., Watts, M.P.C., Choi, B.J., Voisin, R.D., (2005), US20056916584; Choi, B.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Johnson, S.C., (2006), US20067060402; Watts, M.P.C., McMackin, I., (2006), US20067027156; Chappert, C., Brenan, H., Ferre, J., Planar Patterned Magnetic Media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922; Warin, P., Hyndman, R., Glerak, J., Modification of Co'Pt multilayers by gallium irradiation-Part 2: The effect of patterning using a highly focused ion beam (2001) J Appl Phys, 90, pp. 3850-3855; Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., (2000) J Appl Phys, 87, p. 5768; Ravelosona, D., Chappert, C., Mathet, V., Bernas, H., Chemical order induced by ion irradiation in FePt (001) films (2000) Appl Phys Let, 76, pp. 236-238; Dmitrieva, O., Rellinghaus, B., Kästner, J., Liedke, M.O., Fassbender, J., Ion beam induced destabilization of icosahedral structures in gas phase prepared FePt nanoparticles (2005) J Appl Phys, 97, pp. 10N1121-10N1123; Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Folks, L., (2000) J Appl Phys, 87, p. 7004; Piramanayagam, S.N., Wang, J.P., (2004), US20046699332; Wang, J.P., Zhou, T.J., Chong, T.C., (2002), US20026500497; Curtiss, D.E., Leigh, J., Quan, F., (2004), US20046740163},
correspondence_address1={Piramanayagam, S. N.; Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore - 117 608, Singapore; email: prem_SN@dsi.a-star.edu.sg},
issn={18722105},
pubmed_id={19076018},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Recent Pat. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Litvinov2007395,
author={Litvinov, D. and Parekh, V. and Chunsheng, E. and Smith, D. and Rantschler, J. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Nanoscale bit-patterned media for next generation magnetic data storage applications},
journal={2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007, Proceedings},
year={2007},
pages={395-398},
doi={10.1109/NANO.2007.4601217},
art_number={4601217},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007 ; Conference Date: 2 August 2007 Through 5 August 2007;  Conference Code:73744},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52949118529&doi=10.1109%2fNANO.2007.4601217&partnerID=40&md5=441082aaac1832f862d8d12b65b2b52c},
affiliation={IEEE; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, United States; University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={Design considerations and fabrication of bit-patterned magnetic recording media are presented. The application of ion-beam proximity printing, a high-throughput direct-write lithography, to media patterning is evaluated. Ultra-high magnetic anisotropy (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers are analyzed as candidates for patterned recording layers. Following patterning, optimized multilayers are shown to exhibit coercivity values well in excess of 14kOe. It is found that the magnetization reversal in patterned bits takes place via domain wall nucleation and propagation. The nucleation field and the location of the nucleation site strongly depend on the bit edge imperfections and contribute to finite switching field distribution. Playback off a bit-patterned media using various magnetic reader designs is analyzed using reciprocity theory. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic data storage;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Recording physics},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Design considerations;  Direct-write lithography;  High throughputs;  International conferences;  Magnetic data;  Magnetic data storage;  Magnetic recording medium;  Nano scaling;  Nanomagnetic arrays;  Patterned medium;  Proximity printing;  Recording physics;  Ultra-high, Crystallography;  Lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Nanotechnology;  Optical design;  Technology, Magnetic storage},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 978-983; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 521-527; Parekh, V., Ruiz, C.E.A., Graver, B., Wolfe, J., Litvinov, D., Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Nanoscale Patterned Magnetic Recording Medium (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Ion beam aperture-array lithography (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Physics of Patterned Magnetic Medium Recording: Design Considerations (2005) J. Appl. Phys, 98; Smith, C.E.D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Combinatorial synthesis of Co/Pd magnetic multilayers (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96; Smith, C.E.D., Khizroev, S., Weiler, D., Litvinov, D., Micromagnetics of Magnetization Reversal in Patterned Magnetic Recording Medium (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2411-2413; Smith, D., Khizroev, C.E.S., Litvinov, D., Magnetoresistive playback heads for bit-patterned medium recording applications (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99; Smith, D., Khizroev, C.E.S., Litvinov, D., The Influence of Bit Patterned Medium Design and Imperfections on Magnetoresistive Playback (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42, pp. 2285-2287},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: dlitvinov@uh.edu},
address={Hong Kong},
isbn={1424406080; 9781424406081},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Conf. Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO, Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Parekh2007632,
author={Parekh, V. and Ruiz, A. and Chunsheng, E. and Rantschler, J. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D. and Weller, D.},
title={Fabrication of patterned recording medium using ion beam proximity lithography},
journal={2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007, Proceedings},
year={2007},
pages={632-636},
doi={10.1109/NANO.2007.4601270},
art_number={4601270},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007 ; Conference Date: 2 August 2007 Through 5 August 2007;  Conference Code:73744},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52949095056&doi=10.1109%2fNANO.2007.4601270&partnerID=40&md5=fef9ba9cd20568cb755feb42fd17403d},
affiliation={IEEE; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, United States; University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We describe the lithographic structuring of large-area patterned medium samples with sub-50nm features using ion beam proximity lithography (IBPL). The quality of the patterns formed in IBPL system is primarily limited by the quality of the stencil masks. Hence, the emphasis of this work has been to develop a reliable mask fabrication process that can achieve a size uniformity that is suitable for patterned media. We have developed a mask fabrication approach that incorporates palladium as a hard mask for transferring the lithography pattern through a silicon nitride membrane. A conformal gold coating allows for further reduction of the mask features without a significant increase in the feature size variation. An average standard deviation of 3nm and 5nm was measured during various steps of the stencil mask fabrication and after printing using IBPL in PMMA resist, respectively. Patterned medium prototypes with features ranging from 40nm to 300nm have been fabricated and magnetic properties measured. A 6-12 fold increase in coercivity was measured for multilayer samples after patterning. Ion irradiation of patterned multilayer samples was also studied as a means to control magnetic anisotropy as well as to evaluate possible ion irradiation damage involved in ion-beam proximity lithography patterning. Patterned multilayer samples show a decrease in coercivity from 11kOe for as-patterned to 0.3kOe for 800μC/cm2 and suggests that ion irradiation can be an integral part of bit patterned medium fabrication for anisotropy control. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Ion-beam proximity lithography;  Nanostructured arrays;  Patterned medium;  Stencil mask fabrication},
keywords={Average standard deviation;  Coercivity;  Feature sizes;  Gold coatings;  Hard masks;  International conferences;  Ion irradiations;  Ion-beam proximity lithography;  Lithography patterning;  Mask fabrication;  Mask features;  Multilayer samples;  Nanostructured arrays;  Patterned medium;  Recording medium;  Silicon nitride membranes;  Size uniformity;  Stencil mask fabrication;  Stencil masks;  Sub-50 nm, Beam plasma interactions;  Cladding (coating);  Coercive force;  Crystallography;  Electron beam lithography;  Gold;  Ion beams;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Masks;  Multilayers;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Nanotechnology;  Nitrides;  Nonmetals;  Optical design;  Optical devices;  Palladium;  Photoresists;  Protective coatings;  Silicon;  Silicon nitride;  Standards;  Technology, Magnetic properties},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 978-983; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 4-9; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 521-527; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Patterning of granular magnetic media with a focused ion beam to produce single-domain islands at > 140 Gbit/in (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37, pp. 1649-1651; Ross, C., Patterned magnetic recording media (2001) Annual Review Of Materials Research, 31, pp. 203-235; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Ion beam aperture-array lithography (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, pp. 2529-2532; Wolfe, J.C., Pendharkar, S.V., Ruchhoeft, P., Sen, S., Morgan, M.D., Home, W.E., Tiberio, R.C., Randall, J.N., A proximity ion beam lithography process for high density nanostructures (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, pp. 3896-3899; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., (2002) Magnetic properties of dot arrays made by block copolymer lithography, , Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cheng, J.Y., Zhang, F., Chuang, V.P., Mayes, A.M., Ross, C.A., Sell-assembled one-dimensional nanostructure arrays (2006) Nano Letters, 6, pp. 2099-2103; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Applied Physics Letters, 81, p. 1483; Resnick, D.J., Schmid, G., Miller, M., Doyle, G., Jones, C., Labrake, D., High-volume full-wafer step-and-flash imprint lithography. (Cover story) (2007) Solid State Technology, 50, pp. 39-43; Zankovych, S., Hoffmann, T., Seekamp, J., Bruch, J.U., Sotomayor Torres, C.M., (2001) Nanoimprint lithography: Challenges and prospects, , Toledo; Kaesmaier, R., Loschner, H., Stengl, G., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Ion projection lithography: International development program (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, pp. 3091-3097; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Determination of resist exposure parameters in helium ion beam lithography: Absorbed energy gradient, contrast, and critical dose (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18, pp. 3177-3180; Parekh, V., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Nounu, H., Litvinov, D., Wolfe, J.C., Estimation of scattered particle exposure in ion beam aperture array lithography (2006) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B (Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures), 24, pp. 2915-2919; Randall, J.N., Flanders, D.C., Economou, N.P., Donnelly, J.P., Bromley, E.I., Silicon Nitride Stencil Masks for High Resolution Ion Lithography Proximity Printing (1983) Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena, 1, pp. 1152-1155; Randall, J.N., Flanders, D.C., Economou, N.P., Donnelly, J.P., Bromley, E.I., High resolution ion beam lithography at large gaps using stencil masks (1983) Applied Physics Letters, 42, pp. 457-459; Fong, F.O., Sen, S., Stumbo, D.P., Wolfe, J.C., Randall, J.N., (1988) High-resolution fabrication process for silicon ion masks, , Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; Han, K., Fabrication of Micro-Filtration Membranes Using Ion Beam Aperture Array Lithography (2004) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. Master of Science, , Houston: University of Houston; Keping, H., Wendong, X., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Chellam, S., Fabrication and characterization of polymeric microfiltration membranes using aperture array lithography (2005) Journal of Membrane Science, 249, pp. 193-206; Pendharkar, S.V., Wolfe, J.C., Rampersad, H.R., Chau, Y.L., Licon, D.L., Morgan, M.D., Home, W.E., Randall, J.N., Reactive ion etching of silicon stencil masks in the presence of an axial magnetic field (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 2588-2592; Yang, C.C., Chen, W.C., Chen, L.M., Wang, C.J., Characterization of poly(silsesquioxane) by thermal curing (2001) Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China, Part A: Physical Science and Engineering, 25, pp. 339-343; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Torres, J.L., Bass, R., Scattering mask concept for ion-beam nanolithography (2002) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, pp. 2705-2708; Parekh, V., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Nounu, H., Litvinov, D., Wolfe, J.C., Estimation of Scattered Particle Exposure in Ion Beam Aperture Array Lithography (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24, p. 2915; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; (2005) International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, , ITRS},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: dlitvinov@uh.edu},
address={Hong Kong},
isbn={1424406080; 9781424406081},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Conf. Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO, Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hu20072526,
author={Hu, J. and Duman, T.M. and Kurtas, E.M. and Erden, M.F.},
title={Detection algorithms and information rates for bit-patterned media storage systems with written-in errors},
journal={IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings},
year={2007},
pages={2526-2530},
doi={10.1109/ISIT.2007.4557177},
art_number={4557177},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2007 ; Conference Date: 24 June 2007 Through 29 June 2007;  Conference Code:73420},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51649087388&doi=10.1109%2fISIT.2007.4557177&partnerID=40&md5=0aa773db9b2fc2f34b9a9f5b093d518a},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, United States},
abstract={This paper studies bit-patterned media recording channels when there exist written-in errors. Using a signal processing point of view, we consider an abstract model for the overall recording channel, incorporating errors occurred during the write process. Based on the resulting channel model, we develop various trellis structures, and propose several detection algorithms for data recovery. Furthermore, we investigate the achievable information rates for patterned media recording systems with different levels of write error probability, which provide an information theoretical performance assessment for such systems. ©2007 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Detection algorithms;  International symposium;  Written-in errors, Algorithms;  Channel capacity;  Cybernetics;  Data storage equipment;  Data structures;  Information theory;  Magnetic recording;  Model structures;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Probability;  Risk assessment;  Signal detection;  Signal processing;  Technical presentations, Errors},
references={Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sept; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 88, pp. 222512-222521. , 222512-3, May; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 1-7. , Mar; R. L. White, R. M. H. New, and R. F. W. Pease, Patterned media: A viable route to 50Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, no. 1, pp. 990 - 995, Jan. 1997},
correspondence_address1={Hu, J.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; email: hujun@asu.edu},
sponsors={IEEE Information Theory Society},
address={Nice},
issn={21578101},
isbn={1424414296; 9781424414291},
coden={PISTF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int Symp Inf Theor Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hu200774,
author={Hu, J. and Duman, T.M. and Kurtas, E.M. and Erden, M.F.},
title={Belief propagation based multihead multitrack detection over conventional and bit-patterned media storage systems},
journal={Forty-first Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2007 - Proceedings},
year={2007},
pages={74-79},
doi={10.1109/CISS.2007.4298276},
art_number={4298276},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2007 ; Conference Date: 14 March 2007 Through 16 March 2007;  Conference Code:72084},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44049086219&doi=10.1109%2fCISS.2007.4298276&partnerID=40&md5=53b1568bf2e3d34eb178be708cfaddf9},
affiliation={Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, United States},
abstract={We propose a low complexity detection technique for multihead multitrack recording systems. By exploiting the sparseness of the two dimensional (2-D) partial response channel, we start with the development of an algorithm which performs belief propagation (BP) over the corresponding factor graph. We consider the BP-based detector not only for the partial response channel, but also for the more practical conventional media and bit-patterned media storage systems, with and without media noise. Compared to the maximum likelihood detector which has a prohibitively high complexity that is exponential with both the number of tracks and the number of ISI taps, the proposed detector has a much lower complexity and a fast parallel structure which come at a small performance penalty. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Belief propagation;  Bit-patterned media;  Multi-track detection;  Partial response channel;  Viterbi algorithm},
keywords={Belief propagation;  Bit patterned media;  Multi track detection;  Partial response channels;  Viterbi algorithms, Bayesian networks;  Computational complexity;  Data recording;  Spurious signal noise, Data storage equipment},
references={Barbossa, L.C., Simultaneous detection of readback signals from interfering magnetic recording tracks using array heads (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn, 26 (5), pp. 2163-2165. , Sept; Voois, P.A., Cioffi, J.M., Multichannel signal processing for multiple-head digital magnetic recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), pp. 5100-5114. , Nov; Kurtas, E.M., Proakis, J.G., Salehi, M., Reduced complexity maximum likelihood sequence estimation for multitrack high-density magnetic recording channels (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (4), pp. 2187-2193. , July; Soljanin, E., Georghiades, C.N., Multihead detection for multitrack recording channels (1998) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 44 (7), pp. 2988-2997. , Nov; Davey, P.J., Donnelly, T., Mapps, D.J., Darragh, N., Two-dimensional coding for a multi-track recording system to combat intertrack interference (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (4), pp. 1949-1951. , July; Conway, T., Conway, R., Tosi, S., Signal processing for multitrack digital data storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (4), pp. 1333-1339. , Apr; R. L. White, R. M. H. New, and R. F. W. Pease, Patterned media: A viable route to 50Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, no. 1, pp. 990-995, Jan. 1997; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media recording systems: The potential and the problems (2002), (GA6). , Feb; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199-R222. , June; Kaynak, M.N., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Noise predictive belief propagation (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 4427-4434. , Dec},
correspondence_address1={Hu, J.; Department of Electrical Engineering, , Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; email: hujun@asu.edu},
address={Baltimore, MD},
isbn={1424410371; 9781424410378},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Ann. Conf. Inf. Sci. Sys. CISS Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Nabavi20076249,
author={Nabavi, S. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.},
title={Two-dimensional generalized partial response equalizer for bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE International Conference on Communications},
year={2007},
pages={6249-6254},
doi={10.1109/ICC.2007.1035},
art_number={4289706},
note={cited By 95; Conference of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'07 ; Conference Date: 24 June 2007 Through 28 June 2007;  Conference Code:71262},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38549159508&doi=10.1109%2fICC.2007.1035&partnerID=40&md5=6c4c605ab997cdf1227f225a4b2e9414},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={The use of bit-patterned media is one of the approaches being investigated to extend magnetic recording densities to 1 Tbit/in2 and beyond. In patterned media, track pitch may be small causing adjacent tracks to have significant interference on the replay waveform from the main data track. To mitigate the effect of such inter-track interference (ITI), we propose the use of a two-dimensional (2D) generalized partial response (GPR) equalizer. We select both the equalizer and the partial response target using the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. However, we avoid the need for a 2D Viterbi algorithm by imposing a constraint on the 2D target that forces the adjacent track contributions (in the ideal case) to zero. Simulation results show that this 2D equalizer significantly improves the bit error rate (BER). In this work, the effect of a 2D GPR equalizer on the performance of a patterned media system in the presence of track mis-registration (TMR) is also investigated. Based on the simulation results, the 2D equalization method appears to be more tolerant to TMR than the conventional GPR. The main drawback of the proposed method is the need for simultaneously acquiring the signals from three adjacent tracks. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Intertrack interference;  Two-dimentional equalization},
keywords={Algorithms;  Data reduction;  Mean square error;  Two dimensional, Bit-patterned media;  Intertrack interference;  Replay waveform, Magnetic recording},
references={Lu, P.L., Charap, S.H., Thermal Instability at 10 Gbit/in 2 Magnetic Recording (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), pp. 4230-4232; Hughes, G.F., Patterned Media Recording Systems - the Potential and the Problems (2002) Intermag 2002, , Digest of Technical Papers, no. GA6; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned Media: A Viable Rout to 50Gbit/in2 and up for Magnetic Recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, Noise, and Servo Characteristics of Patterned Thin Film Media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29; Nair, S.K., New, R.M.H., Patterned Media Recording: Noise and Channel Equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (4), pp. 1916-1918; Hughes, G.F., Read Channel for Patterned Media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (51), pp. 2310-2312; Hughes, G.F., Read Channel for Prepatterned Media with Trench Playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2564-2566; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of Island Geometry on the Replay Signal in Patterned Media Storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An Investigation of the Effects of Media Characteristics on Read Channel Performance for Patterned Media Storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Middleton, B.K., Evaluation of Read Channel Performance for Perpendicular Patterned Media (2005) Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 287, pp. 437-441; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of Island Distribution on Error Rate Performance in Patterned Media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Tracking Issues in High-Density Patterned Media Storage (2005) Intermag 2005, pp. 1377-1378. , Digest of Technical Papers, pp; Ashley, J., Holographic Data Storage (2000) IBM Journal of Research and Development, 44 (3), pp. 341-368; Coene, W., Two Dimensional Optical Storage (2003) Proc. Int. Conf Optical Data Storage (ODS), pp. 90-92. , Vancouver, BC, Canada; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for Maximum Likelihood Detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088; Kovintavewat, P., Ozgunes, I., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., McLaughlin, S.W., Generalized Partial-Response Targets for Perpendicular Recording With Jitter Noise (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (5), pp. 2340-2342; Bellini, S., Migliorati, P., Olivieri, S., Agarossi, L., Channel Equalization and Cross-Talk Cancellation for High Density Optical Recoding (1996) Proc Global Telecommunications Conference, 1, pp. 513-518. , London, UK; Kudo, H., Minemura, H., Miyamoto, H., Tamura, R., Adachi, K., Crosstalk Cancellation for 50-GB/Layer Optical Recording (2005) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44 (5 B), pp. 3445-3448},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
address={Glasgow, Scotland},
issn={05361486},
isbn={1424403537; 9781424403530},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int Conf Commun},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee20075,
author={Lee, J. and Suess, D. and Fidler, J. and Schrefl, T. and Hwan Oh, K.},
title={Micromagnetic study of recording on ion-irradiated granular-patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2007},
volume={319},
number={1-2},
pages={5-8},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.019},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548014544&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2007.04.019&partnerID=40&md5=4a094393c0ded4649abc8af756f4ab52},
affiliation={Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria; Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom},
abstract={Micromagnetic simulations are used to study magnetic recording processes of ion-irradiated bit-patterned media. The media is composed of several hundred grains. It is assumed that the ion irradiation affects the magnetic anisotropy but keeps the magnetization unchanged. The recording simulations were performed using a fully integrated micromagnetic simulation package. The background region that is regarded to be irradiated triggers the magnetic switching of the bits. Thus some degree of intergrain exchange between bits and background is needed to reduce the write field. However, the intergrain exchange leads to spin waves. It is found that the spin waves may cause adjacent tracks erasure. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Exchange coupled media;  Magnetic recording;  Micromagnetics},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Exchange coupling;  Grain size and shape;  Granular materials;  Ion bombardment;  Magnetic anisotropy, Exchange coupled media;  Micromagnetics, Magnetic recording},
references={White, R., New, R., Pease, R., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Martin, J., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J., Shuller, I., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449; Landis, S., Rodmaq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226, p. 1708; Rettner, C., Best, M., Terris, B., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8327; Terris, B., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J., Kellock, A., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Bernas, H., Jamet, J., Ferre, J., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 3383; Xiong, G., Allwood, D., Cooke, M., Cowburn, R., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 3461; Hu, G., Thomson, H., Albrecht, M., Best, E., Terris, B., Rettner, C., Raoux, S., Hart, M., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7013; Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Devolder, T., Rousseaux, F., Mathet, V., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1922; Weller, D., Baglin, J., Kellock, A., Hannibal, K., Toney, M., Kusinski, G., Lang, S., Terris, B., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5768; Kaminsky, W., Jones, G., Patel, N., Booij, W., Blamire, M., Gardiner, S., Xu, Y., Bland, J., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 2589; Bai, J., Takahoshi, H., Ito, H., Rheem, Y., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 283, p. 291; Graef, M., Willard, M., Laughlin, D., McHenry, M., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 2343; Zeng, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Sun, S., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2598; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98, p. 024505; Etrl, O., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Schabes, M., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 290-291, p. 518; Jeong, S., Hsu, Y., Laughlin, D., McHenry, E., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2336; Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Fähler, S., Kirschner, M., Hrkac, G., Dorfbauer, F., Fidler, J., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 012504; Gao, K., Bertram, N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 3675; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Best, M., Terris, B., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 4363; },
correspondence_address1={Fidler, J.; Institute of Solid State Physics, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria; email: josef.fidler@tuwien.ac.at},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moser2007,
author={Moser, A. and Hellwig, O. and Kercher, D. and Dobisz, E.},
title={Off-track margin in bit patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2007},
volume={91},
number={16},
doi={10.1063/1.2799174},
art_number={162502},
note={cited By 22},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35548954181&doi=10.1063%2f1.2799174&partnerID=40&md5=118c7173f76a7c1fc45ee15e6f3bf276},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States},
abstract={When two dimensional patterns are written into bit patterned media the off-track margin is of great importance. Using a static write/read tester we measure the hard error rate (written-in errors) as a function of the distance from the track center. We observe three different segments. In the track center, the head writes very well and almost no hard errors are observed. At the track edges the hard error rate increases linearly over an interval, which is shown to relate to the off-track margin of the recording system. At larger distances from the track center, no islands are switched. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Error analysis;  Image analysis, Bit patterned media;  Hard error rates;  Off track margins;  Recording systems;  Static write testers, Pattern recognition},
references={Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D, 35, p. 157; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, p. 222512; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Hughes, G.F., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2564; Hellwig, O., Berger, A., Thomson, T., Dobisz, E., Yang, H., Bandic, Z., Kercher, D., Fullerton, E.E., (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, p. 162516; Olson, T., },
correspondence_address1={Moser, A.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: moser.sj@gmail.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Melliar-Smith2007,
author={Melliar-Smith, M.},
title={Lithography beyond 32nm - A role for imprint?},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2007},
volume={6521},
pages={xiii-xxvi},
note={cited By 1; Conference of Design for Manufacturability through Design-Process Integration ; Conference Date: 28 February 2007 Through 2 March 2007;  Conference Code:70393},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148893124&partnerID=40&md5=35f8d86fbd8877aa4dd0160707ea3092},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={Imprint lithography has been used since the application of the Chinese wax seal to authenticate official documents. In the past century the resolution of the technology has been driven through commercial applications such as vinyl records, CDs and more recently by high definition DVDs. In the past decade, high resolution imprinting has extended the resolution down to sub 10nm features and this fact, coupled with the low cost of the tool, make it attractive as an alternative to other lithographic technologies. More recently the evolution of imprint lithography from thermal imprinting to UV cured materials, has allowed the technology to operate at room temperature (allowing tight overlay) and low material viscosities (important for high throughput), opening up the potential for CMOS applications. This paper will discuss recent progress in align/overlay, throughput, defect density, materials and the availability of sub 20nm templates, along with tool developments, that make the technology a viable option for advanced CMOS beyond 32nm HP design nodes. In addition, imprint lithography is being developed for other large electronic markets such as bit patterned media (BPM) for disk drives, and photonic crystals to increase the brightness and efficiency of LEDs used for solid sate lighting, both of which applications are likely to go into production ahead of sub 32nm CMOS. Since overlay requirements are significantly less, whole wafer (as opposed to step and repeat) imprinting is used for these applications, and the presentation will discuss the synergies with CMOS imprint technology.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography;  Photolithography;  Photonic crystals},
keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography;  Thermal imprinting, CMOS integrated circuits;  Light emitting diodes;  Optical resolving power;  Photonic crystals;  Videodisks;  Viscosity, Lithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proceedings of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, 3676, pp. 379-389. , March; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Nanoimprint lithography (1996) J. Vac. Sci., Tech. B, 14 (6); Bender, M., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 407-413; McMackin, I., Schumaker, P., Babbs, D., Choi, J., Wenli Collison, S.V.S., Schumaker, N., Watts, M., Voisin, R., (2003) Proc. of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII, Santa Clara, CA, February; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Johnson, S., Stacey, N., Ekhert, J.G., Schumaker, N., (2003) J.Vac. Sci. Tech B, 21, p. 2624. , November; D.J.Resnick, D.P.Mancini, K.J.Norquist, W.J.Dauksher, I.McMackin, P.Schumaker, E.Thompson and S.V.Sreenivasan, J. Microlith, Microfab and Microsystems, 3, p316 April 2004; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M.A., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Letters, 4, p. 2467; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors - 2006 Update - Table 78a Optical Mask Requirements; Scmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D., (2007) SPIE Emerging Lithographic Technologies Symposium, , Feb; See www.vistec-semi.com for more details; Schmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., Olynick, D.L., Anderson, E.H., Microlelectronic Engineering (2007), to be published; Sreenivasan, S.V., Schumaker, P., MaMackin, I., Choi, J., (2006), 5th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, Nov; Myron, L.J., Thompson, E., McMackin, I., Resnick, D.J., Kitamura, T., Hasebe, T., Nakazawa, S., Dauksher, W., (2006) Proc SPIE, 6151, p. 173; Dauksher, W., Nordquist, K., Le, N.V., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Resnick, D.J., Bozak, R., Lee, D., (2004) J. Vac. Sci Technology, p. 3306; Schmid, G.M., Resnick, D.J., Fettig, R., Edinger, K., Young, S.R., Dauksher, W.J., (2007) European Mask and Lithography Conference, , January; Moon, E.E., (1995) 2648 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13 (6). , Nov/Dec; Choi, B.J., SPIE Intl (2001) Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Santa Clara, CA; Euclid E. Moon, et al; J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, No. 6, Nov'Dec 2003; Choi, J., (2004) Microelectronic Engineering, 78-79, p. 633; Schumaker, P., Rafferty, T., Choi, J., McMackin, I., DiBiase, A., SPIE Intl Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Poster Session 2006; McMackin, I., private communication; Xu, F., Stacey, N., Watts, M., Truskett, V., McMackin, I., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., Schumaker, N., (2004) Proceedings of SPIE, 5374 (1), pp. 232-241. , Santa Clara, California, USA; Kim, E.K., Stacey, N.A., Smith, B.J., Dickey, M.D., Johnson, S.C., Trinque, B.C., Willson, C.G., (2004) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 22 (1), pp. 131-135. , Jan/Feb; Reddy, S., Bonnecaze, R.T., (2005) Microeletronic Engineering, 82, pp. 60-70; McMackin, I., LaBrake, D., private communication; Sreenivasan, S.V., McMackin, I., Xu, F., Wang, D., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., (2005) MICRO Magazine, , January; Stewart, M.D., (2005) SPIE Intl Symp Microlithography Conference, March, , Paper 5751-21; Willson, G., to be published; Willson, G., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; Sooriyakumaran, R., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; K. Gopalakrishnan et al, IEDM Tech. Digest 2005, p 471; R. S. Shenoy et al, Proc Symp VLSI Tech, June 2006, p 140. and Y. C. Chen et al, IEEE Electron Device Meeting, December 2006; Hart, M., (2007) DARPA presentation January 22; Z. Z. Bandic, E. A. Dobisz, T-W. Wu and T.R.Albrecht Soild State Technology Supplement Sept 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid and M. Miller MRS Proc Nov 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid, M. Miller, G. F. Doyle, C. Jones and D. LaBrake; Solid State Tech Feb 2007; Wierer, J.J., Krames, M.R., Epler, J.E., Gardner, N.F., Wendt, J.R., Sigalas, M.M., Brueck, S.R.J., Shagam, M., (2005) Proc SPIE, 5739, p. 103; Karlicek, R., (2007) Strategies in Light Symposium, , San Jose, February; For more data on the Imprio-1100 see www.molecularimprints.com},
correspondence_address1={Melliar-Smith, M.; Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; email: mark@molecularimprints.com},
sponsors={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={0819466409; 9780819466402},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Melliar-Smith2007,
author={Melliar-Smith, M.},
title={Lithography beyond 32nm - A Role for Imprint?},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2007},
volume={6520},
number={PART 1},
pages={xxv-xxxviii},
note={cited By 1; Conference of Optical Microlithography XX ; Conference Date: 27 February 2007 Through 2 March 2007;  Conference Code:70392},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148889133&partnerID=40&md5=2582b93fae54a73f4f88759885c02951},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={Imprint lithography has been used since the application of the Chinese wax seal to authenticate official documents. In the past century the resolution of the technology has been driven through commercial applications such as vinyl records, CDs and more recently by high definition DVDs. In the past decade, high resolution imprinting has extended the resolution down to sub 10nm features and this fact, coupled with the low cost of the tool, make it attractive as an alternative to other lithographic technologies. More recently the evolution of imprint lithography from thermal imprinting to UV cured materials, has allowed the technology to operate at room temperature (allowing tight overlay) and low material viscosities (important for high throughput), opening up the potential for CMOS applications. This paper will discuss recent progress in align/overlay, throughput, defect density, materials and the availability of sub 20nm templates, along with tool developments, that make the technology a viable option for advanced CMOS beyond 32nm HP design nodes. In addition, imprint lithography is being developed for other large electronic markets such as bit patterned media (BPM) for disk drives, and photonic crystals to increase the brightness and efficiency of LEDs used for solid sate lighting, both of which applications are likely to go into production ahead of sub 32nm CMOS. Since overlay requirements are significantly less, whole wafer (as opposed to step and repeat) imprinting is used for these applications, and the presentation will discuss the synergies with CMOS imprint technology.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography;  Photolithography;  Photonic crystals},
keywords={Bit patterned media (BPM);  CMOS applications;  Imprints lithography;  Tool developments, CD-ROM;  CMOS integrated circuits;  Defect density;  Light emitting diodes;  Photonic crystals;  Ultraviolet radiation;  Videodisks, Photolithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proceedings of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, 3676, pp. 379-389. , March; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Nanoimprint lithography (1996) J. Vac. Sci., Tech. B, 14 (6); Bender, M., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 407-413; McMackin, I., Schumaker, P., Babbs, D., Choi, J., Wenli Collison, S.V.S., Schumaker, N., Watts, M., Voisin, R., (2003) Proc. of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII, Santa Clara, CA, February; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Johnson, S., Stacey, N., Ekhert, J.G., Schumaker, N., (2003) J.Vac. Sci. Tech B, 21, p. 2624. , November; D.J.Resnick, D.P.Mancini, K.J.Norquist, W.J.Dauksher, I.McMackin, P.Schumaker, E.Thompson and S.V.Sreenivasan, J. Microlith, Microfab and Microsystems, 3, p316 April 2004; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M.A., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Letters, 4, p. 2467; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors - 2006 Update - Table 78a Optical Mask Requirements; Scmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D., (2007) SPIE Emerging Lithographic Technologies Symposium, , Feb; See www.vistec-semi.com for more details; Schmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., Olynick, D.L., Anderson, E.H., Microlelectronic Engineering (2007), to be published; Sreenivasan, S.V., Schumaker, P., MaMackin, I., Choi, J., (2006), 5th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, Nov; Myron, L.J., Thompson, E., McMackin, I., Resnick, D.J., Kitamura, T., Hasebe, T., Nakazawa, S., Dauksher, W., (2006) Proc SPIE, 6151, p. 173; W. Dauksher, K. Nordquist, N. V. Le, K. Gehoski, D. Mancini, D. J. Resnick, R. Bozak, R. White, J. Csuy and D. Lee, J. Vac. Sei Technology (2004), 3306; Schmid, G.M., Resnick, D.J., Fettig, R., Edinger, K., Young, S.R., Dauksher, W.J., (2007) European Mask and Lithography Conference, , January; Moon, E.E., (1995) 2648 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13 (6). , Nov/Dec; Choi, B.J., SPIE Intl (2001) Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Santa Clara, CA; Euclid E. Moon, et al; J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, No. 6, Nov'Dec 2003; Choi, J., (2004) Microelectronic Engineering, 78-79, p. 633; Schumaker, P., Rafferty, T., Choi, J., McMackin, I., DiBiase, A., SPIE Intl Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Poster Session 2006; McMackin, I., private communication; Xu, F., Stacey, N., Watts, M., Truskett, V., McMackin, I., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., Schumaker, N., (2004) Proceedings of SPIE, 5374 (1), pp. 232-241. , Santa Clara, California, USA; Kim, E.K., Stacey, N.A., Smith, B.J., Dickey, M.D., Johnson, S.C., Trinque, B.C., Willson, C.G., (2004) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 22 (1), pp. 131-135. , Jan/Feb; Reddy, S., Bonnecaze, R.T., (2005) Microeletronic Engineering, 82, pp. 60-70; McMackin, I., LaBrake, D., private communication; Sreenivasan, S.V., McMackin, I., Xu, F., Wang, D., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., (2005) MICRO Magazine, , January; Stewart, M.D., (2005) SPIE Intl Symp Microlithography Conference, March, , Paper 5751-21; Willson, G., to be published; Willson, G., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; Sooriyakumaran, R., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; Gopalakrishnan, K., (2005) IEDM Tech. Digest, p. 471; R. S. Shenoy et al, Proc Symp VLSI Tech, June 2006, p 140. and Y. C. Chen et al, IEEE Electron Device Meeting, December 2006; Hart, M., (2007) DARPA presentation January 22; Z. Z. Bandic, E. A. Dobisz, T-W. Wu and T.R.Albrecht Soild State Technology Supplement Sept 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid and M. Miller MRS Proc Nov 2006; D. J. Resnick, G M. Schmid, M. Miller, G F. Doyle, C. Jones and D. LaBrake; Solid State Tech Feb 2007; Wierer, J.J., Krames, M.R., Epier, J.E., Gardner, N.F., Wendt, J.R., Sigalas, M.M., Brueck, S.R.J., Shagam, M., (2005) Proc SPIE, 5739, p. 103; Karlicek, R., (2007) Strategies in Light Symposium, , San Jose, February; For more data on the Imprio-1100 see www.molecularimprints.com},
correspondence_address1={Melliar-Smith, M.; Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; email: mark@molecularimprints.com},
sponsors={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={0819466395; 9780819466396},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Melliar-Smith2007,
author={Melliar-Smith, M.},
title={Lithography beyond 32nm - A role for imprint?},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2007},
volume={6518},
number={PART 1},
pages={xxiii-xxxvi},
note={cited By 2; Conference of Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI ; Conference Date: 26 February 2007 Through 1 March 2007;  Conference Code:70390},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148875097&partnerID=40&md5=48209f99f6738ce72e7e4f1257971f53},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={Imprint lithography has been used since the application of the Chinese wax seal to authenticate official documents. In the past century the resolution of the technology has been driven through commercial applications such as vinyl records, CDs and more recently by high definition DVDs. In the past decade, high resolution imprinting has extended the resolution down to sub 10nm features and this fact, coupled with the low cost of the tool, make it attractive as an alternative to other lithographic technologies. More recently the evolution of imprint lithography from thermal imprinting to UV cured materials, has allowed the technology to operate at room temperature (allowing tight overlay) and low material viscosities (important for high throughput), opening up the potential for CMOS applications. This paper will discuss recent progress in align/overlay, throughput, defect density, materials and the availability of sub 20nm templates, along with tool developments, that make the technology a viable option for advanced CMOS beyond 32nm HP design nodes. In addition, imprint lithography is being developed for other large electronic markets such as bit patterned media (BPM) for disk drives, and photonic crystals to increase the brightness and efficiency of LEDs used for solid sate lighting, both of which applications are likely to go into production ahead of sub 32nm CMOS. Since overlay requirements are significantly less, whole wafer (as opposed to step and repeat) imprinting is used for these applications, and the presentation will discuss the synergies with CMOS imprint technology.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography;  Photolithography;  Photonic crystals},
keywords={Bit patterned media;  CMOS imprint technology;  Imprint lithography;  Bit patterned media (BPM);  Solid sate lighting;  Thermal imprinting, CMOS integrated circuits;  Compact disks;  Light emitting diodes;  Optical resolving power;  Photonic crystals;  Videodisks;  Luminance;  Ultraviolet radiation;  Viscosity;  WSI circuits, Photolithography;  Lithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proceedings of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, 3676, pp. 379-389. , March; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Nanoimprint lithography (1996) J. Vac. Sci., Tech. B, 14 (6); Bender, M., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 407-413; McMackin, I., Schumaker, P., Babbs, D., Choi, J., Wenli Collison, S.V.S., Schumaker, N., Watts, M., Voisin, R., (2003) Proc. of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII, Santa Clara, CA, February; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Johnson, S., Stacey, N., Ekhert, J.G., Schumaker, N., (2003) J.Vac. Sci. Tech B, 21, p. 2624. , November; D.J.Resnick, D.P.Mancini, K.J.Norquist, W.J.Dauksher, I.McMackin, P.Schumaker, E.Thompson and S.V.Sreenivasan, J. Microlith, Microfab and Microsystems, 3, p316 April 2004; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M.A., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Letters, 4, p. 2467; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors - 2006 Update - Table 78a Optical Mask Requirements; Scmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D., (2007) SPIE Emerging Lithographic Technologies Symposium, , Feb; See www.vistec-semi.com for more details; Schmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., Olynick, D.L., Anderson, E.H., Microlelectronic Engineering (2007), to be published; Sreenivasan, S.V., Schumaker, P., MaMackin, I., Choi, J., (2006), 5th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, Nov; Myron, L.J., Thompson, E., McMackin, I., Resnick, D.J., Kitamura, T., Hasebe, T., Nakazawa, S., Dauksher, W., (2006) Proc SPIE, 6151, p. 173; Dauksher, W., Nordquist, K., Le, N.V., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Resnick, D.J., Bozak, R., Lee, D., (2004) J. Vac. Sci Technology, p. 3306; Schmid, G.M., Resnick, D.J., Fettig, R., Edinger, K., Young, S.R., Dauksher, W.J., (2007) European Mask and Lithography Conference, , January; Moon, E.E., (1995) 2648 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13 (6). , Nov/Dec; Choi, B.J., SPIE Intl (2001) Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Santa Clara, CA; Euclid E. Moon, et al; J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, No. 6, Nov'Dec 2003; Choi, J., (2004) Microelectronic Engineering, 78-79, p. 633; Schumaker, P., Rafferty, T., Choi, J., McMackin, I., DiBiase, A., SPIE Intl Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Poster Session 2006; McMackin, I., private communication; Xu, F., Stacey, N., Watts, M., Truskett, V., McMackin, I., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., Schumaker, N., (2004) Proceedings of SPIE, 5374 (1), pp. 232-241. , Santa Clara, California, USA; Kim, E.K., Stacey, N.A., Smith, B.J., Dickey, M.D., Johnson, S.C., Trinque, B.C., Willson, C.G., (2004) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 22 (1), pp. 131-135. , Jan/Feb; Reddy, S., Bonnecaze, R.T., (2005) Microeletronic Engineering, 82, pp. 60-70; McMackin, I., LaBrake, D., private communication; Sreenivasan, S.V., McMackin, I., Xu, F., Wang, D., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., (2005) MICRO Magazine, , January; Stewart, M.D., (2005) SPIE Intl Symp Microlithography Conference, March, , Paper 5751-21; Willson, G., to be published; Willson, G., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; Sooriyakumaran, R., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; K. Gopalakrishnan et al, IEDM Tech. Digest 2005, p 471; R. S. Shenoy et al, Proc Symp VLSI Tech, June 2006, p 140. and Y. C Chen et al, IEEE Electron Device Meeting, December 2006; Hart, M., (2007) DARPA presentation January 22; Z. Z. Bandic, E. A. Dobisz, T-W. Wu and T.R.Albrecht Soild State Technology Supplement Sept 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid and M. Miller MRS Proc Nov 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid, M. Miller, G. F. Doyle, C Jones and D. LaBrake; Solid State Tech Feb 2007; Wierer, J.J., Krames, M.R., Epier, J.E., Gardner, N.F., Wendt, J.R., Sigalas, M.M., Brueck, S.R.J., Shagam, M., (2005) Proc SPIE, 5739, p. 103; Karlicek, R., (2007) Strategies in Light Symposium, , San Jose, February; For more data on the Imprio-1100 see www.molecularimprints.com},
correspondence_address1={Melliar-Smith, M.; Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; email: mark@molecularimprints.com},
sponsors={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
isbn={0819466379; 9780819466372},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Melliar-Smith2007,
author={Melliar-Smith, M.},
title={Lithography beyond 32nm - A role for imprint?},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2007},
volume={6517},
number={PART 1},
pages={xxi-xxxiv},
note={cited By 12; Conference of Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI ; Conference Date: 27 February 2007 Through 1 March 2007;  Conference Code:70389},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148863120&partnerID=40&md5=955d2bd924e062b6d4cf158b99aea70e},
affiliation={Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States},
abstract={Imprint lithography has been used since the application of the Chinese wax seal to authenticate official documents. In the past century the resolution of the technology has been driven through commercial applications such as vinyl records, CDs and more recently by high definition DVDs. In the past decade, high resolution imprinting has extended the resolution down to sub 10nm features and this fact, coupled with the low cost of the tool, make it attractive as an alternative to other lithographic technologies. More recently the evolution of imprint lithography from thermal imprinting to UV cured materials, has allowed the technology to operate at room temperature (allowing tight overlay) and low material viscosities (important for high throughput), opening up the potential for CMOS applications. This paper will discuss recent progress in align/overlay, throughput, defect density, materials and the availability of sub 20nm templates, along with tool developments, that make the technology a viable option for advanced CMOS beyond 32nm HP design nodes. In addition, imprint lithography is being developed for other large electronic markets such as bit patterned media (BPM) for disk drives, and photonic crystals to increase the brightness and efficiency of LEDs used for solid sate lighting, both of which applications are likely to go into production ahead of sub 32nm CMOS. Since overlay requirements are significantly less, whole wafer (as opposed to step and repeat) imprinting is used for these applications, and the presentation will discuss the synergies with CMOS imprint technology.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography;  Photolithography;  Photonic crystals},
keywords={Bit patterned media;  Imprints lithography, CMOS integrated circuits;  Defect density;  Optical resolving power;  Photonic crystals;  Videodisks;  Viscosity, Photolithography},
references={Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B.J., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proceedings of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, 3676, pp. 379-389. , March; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., Nanoimprint lithography (1996) J. Vac. Sci., Tech. B, 14 (6); Bender, M., (2002) Microelectronic Engineering, 61-62, pp. 407-413; McMackin, I., Schumaker, P., Babbs, D., Choi, J., Wenli Collison, S.V.S., Schumaker, N., Watts, M., Voisin, R., (2003) Proc. of the SPIE's Int. Symp. on Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII, Santa Clara, CA, February; Resnick, D.J., Dauksher, W.J., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K.J., Johnson, S., Stacey, N., Ekhert, J.G., Schumaker, N., (2003) J.Vac. Sci. Tech B, 21, p. 2624. , November; D.J.Resnick, D.P.Mancini, K.J.Norquist, W.J.Dauksher, I.McMackin, P.Schumaker, E.Thompson and S.V.Sreenivasan, J. Microlith, Microfab and Microsystems, 3, p316 April 2004; Hua, F., Sun, Y., Gaur, A., Meitl, M.A., Bilhaut, L., Rotkina, L., Wang, J., Rogers, J.A., (2004) Nano Letters, 4, p. 2467; International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors - 2006 Update - Table 78a Optical Mask Requirements; Scmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D., (2007) SPIE Emerging Lithographic Technologies Symposium, , Feb; See www.vistec-semi.com for more details; Schmid, G.M., Thompson, E., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., Olynick, D.L., Anderson, E.H., (2007) Microelectronic Engineering, , to be published; Sreenivasan, S.V., Schumaker, P., MaMackin, I., Choi, J., (2006), 5th International Conference on Nanoimprint and Nanoprint Technology, Nov; Myron, L.J., Thompson, E., McMackin, I., Resnick, D.J., Kitamura, T., Hasebe, T., Nakazawa, S., Dauksher, W., (2006) Proc SPIE, 6151, p. 173; Dauksher, W., Nordquist, K., Le, N.V., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Resnick, D.J., Bozak, R., Lee, D., (2004) J. Vac. Sci Technology, p. 3306; Schmid, G.M., Resnick, D.J., Fettig, R., Edinger, K., Young, S.R., Dauksher, W.J., (2007) European Mask and Lithography Conference, , January; Moon, E.E., (1995) 2648 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13 (6). , Nov/Dec; Choi, B.J., SPIE Intl (2001) Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Santa Clara, CA; Euclid E. Moon, et al; J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 21, No. 6, Nov'Dec 2003; Choi, J., (2004) Microelectronic Engineering, 78-79, p. 633; Schumaker, P., Rafferty, T., Choi, J., McMackin, I., DiBiase, A., SPIE Intl Symp. Microlithography, , Emerging Lithographic Technologies, Poster Session 2006; McMackin, I., private communication; Xu, F., Stacey, N., Watts, M., Truskett, V., McMackin, I., Choi, J., Schumaker, P., Schumaker, N., (2004) Proceedings of SPIE, 5374 (1), pp. 232-241. , Santa Clara, California, USA; Kim, E.K., Stacey, N.A., Smith, B.J., Dickey, M.D., Johnson, S.C., Trinque, B.C., Willson, C.G., (2004) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 22 (1), pp. 131-135. , Jan/Feb; Reddy, S., Bonnecaze, R.T., (2005) Microeletronic Engineering, 82, pp. 60-70; McMackin, I., LaBrake, D., private communication; Sreenivasan, S.V., McMackin, I., Xu, F., Wang, D., Stacey, N., Resnick, D.J., (2005) MICRO Magazine, , January; Stewart, M.D., (2005) SPIE Intl Symp Microlithography Conference, March, , Paper 5751-21; Willson, G., to be published; Willson, G., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; Sooriyakumaran, R., (2006) SEMATECH Litho Forum, May, , Vancouver, Canada; K. Gopalakrishnan et al, IEDM Tech. Digest 2005, p 471; R. S. Shenoy et al, Proc Symp VLSI Tech, June 2006, p 140. and Y. C Chen et al, IEEE Electron Device Meeting, December 2006; Hart, M., (2007) DARPA presentation January 22; Z. Z. Bandic, E. A. Dobisz, T-W. Wu and T.R.Albrecht Soild State Technology Supplement Sept 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid and M. Miller MRS Proc Nov 2006; D. J. Resnick, G. M. Schmid, M. Miller, G. F. Doyle, C. Jones and D. LaBrake; Solid State Tech Feb 2007; Wierer, J.J., Krames, M.R., Epler, J.E., Gardner, N.F., Wendt, J.R., Sigalas, M.M., Brueck, S.R.J., Shagam, M., (2005) Proc SPIE, 5739, p. 103; Karlicek, R., (2007) Strategies in Light Symposium, , San Jose, February; For more data on the Imprio-1100 see www.molecularimprints.com},
correspondence_address1={Melliar-Smith, M.; Molecular Imprints, 1807C West Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78758, United States; email: mark@molecularimprints.com},
sponsors={SPIE},
address={San Jose, CA},
issn={0277786X},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Parekh20073246,
author={Parekh, V.A. and Ruiz, A. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Brankovic, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Close-packed noncircular nanodevice pattern generation by self-limiting ion-mill process},
journal={Nano Letters},
year={2007},
volume={7},
number={10},
pages={3246-3248},
doi={10.1021/nl071793r},
note={cited By 10},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36248971260&doi=10.1021%2fnl071793r&partnerID=40&md5=d0e04741aa55a3d707b01caf8797d87e},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We describe a self-limiting, low-energy argon-ion-milling process that enables noncircular device patterns, such as squares or hexagons, to be formed using precursor arrays of uniform circular openings in poly(methyl methacrylate) defined using electron beam lithography. The proposed patterning technique is of particular interest for bit-patterned magnetic recording medium fabrication, where square magnetic bits result in improved recording system performance. Bit-patterned magnetic medium is among the primary candidates for the next generation magnetic recording technologies and is expected to extend the areal bit density limits far beyond 1 Tbit/in 2. The proposed patterning technology can be applied either for direct medium prototyping or for manufacturing of nanoimprint lithography templates or ion beam lithography stencil masks that can be utilized in mass production. © 2007 American Chemical Society.},
keywords={Magnetic recording';  Noncircular nanodevices;  Patterning technique;  Precursor arrays, Argon;  Electron beams;  Ion beam lithography;  Nanoimprint lithography, Nanostructured materials, Argon;  Electron Beams;  Lithography, ion;  nanomaterial;  poly(methyl methacrylate), article;  chemistry;  conformation;  crystallization;  macromolecule;  materials testing;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  particle size;  radiation exposure;  surface property;  ultrastructure, Crystallization;  Ions;  Macromolecular Substances;  Materials Testing;  Molecular Conformation;  Nanostructures;  Nanotechnology;  Particle Size;  Polymethyl Methacrylate;  Surface Properties},
chemicals_cas={poly(methyl methacrylate), 39320-98-4, 9008-29-1; Ions; Macromolecular Substances; Polymethyl Methacrylate, 9011-14-7},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 978-983; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 4-9; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 521-527; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37 (4), pp. 1649-1651; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res, 37, pp. 203-235; Mancini, D.P., Resnick, D.J., Sreenivasan, S.V., Watts, M.P.C., (2004) Solid State Technol, 47 (2), pp. 55-+; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L.J., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 75 (6), pp. 2897-2904; Ruchhoeft, P., Colburn, M., Choi, B., Nounu, H., Johnson, S., Bailey, T., Damle, S., Willson, C.G., (1999) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 17 (6), pp. 2965-2969; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., (2001) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 79 (6), pp. 2529-2532; Wolfe, J.C., Pendharkar, S.V., Ruchhoeft, P., Sen, S., Morgan, M.D., Home, W.E., Tiberio, R.C., Randall, J.N., (1996) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 14 (6), pp. 3896-3899; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17 (9), pp. 2079-2082; Kaesmaier, R., Loschner, H., Stengl, G., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., (1999) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol, B, 17 (6), pp. 3091-3097; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., (2000) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 18 (6), pp. 3177-3180; Han, K., (2004) Fabrication of Micro-Filtration Membranes Using Ion Beam Aperture Array Lithography, , University of Houston, Houston; Koval, Y., (2004) J. Vacuum Sci. Technol., B, 22 (2), pp. 843-851; Gokan, H., Esho, S., Ohnishi, Y., (1983) J. Electrochem. Soc, 130 (1), pp. 143-146; Qiang, R., Chen, J., Zhao, T.X., Han, K.P., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Morgan, M., (2006) Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett, 48 (9), pp. 1749-1754; Han, K.P., Xu, W.D., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Chellam, S., (2005) J. Membr. Sci, 249 (1-2), pp. 193-206},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX 77204, United States; email: dlitvinov@uh.edu},
issn={15306984},
pubmed_id={17725377},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Nano Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ntokas20073925,
author={Ntokas, I.T. and Nutter, P.W. and Tjhai, C.J. and Ahmed, M.Z.},
title={Improved data recovery from patterned media with inherent jitter noise using low-density parity-check codes},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={10},
pages={3925-3929},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.903349},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34648857570&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.903349&partnerID=40&md5=ca060897a247c32e1cfa547c2a17c2c3},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom},
abstract={Patterned magnetic media promises areal densities in excess of 1 Tbit/in2 for data storage. However, current imperfect patterning techniques result in a variation in the dimensions and distribution of the fabricated islands. As a result, this variation introduces jitter in the replay waveform that makes data recovery difficult. In this paper, we investigate the use of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and iterative decoding for mitigating the effects of lithography jitter and improving the read channel performance in patterned media storage systems. In addition, we show that the adoption of LDPC coding techniques permits an increase in the data storage capability of the medium to approximately 1.6 Tbit/in2 with acceptable bit-error-rate performance. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Lithography jitter;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Perpendicular patterned media;  Read channel performance},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Codes (symbols);  Iterative decoding;  Jitter;  Lithography, Data recovery;  Lithography jitter;  Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes;  Perpendicular patterned media;  Read channel performance, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/R63479},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., under Grant GR/R63479.},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38, pp. R199-R222. , Jul; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., van, R.J.M., de Veerdonk, T., Crawford, M., Weller, D., Writing and reading bits on pre-patterned media (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett, 84, pp. 1519-1521; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , New York: Academic; Zhu, J.G., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., van de Veerdonk, R.J.M., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tbit/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording-Advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 449-458; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P.W., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effect of island geometry on read channel performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for prepatterned media with trench play-back (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2564-2566. , Sep; Nair, S.K., New, R.M.H., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (4), pp. 1916-1918. , Jul; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, F., Coding and iterative decoding for patterned media storage systems (2006) Electron. Lett, 42, pp. 934-935. , Aug; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M.A., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.M.A., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate 3-D head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (1), pp. 148-156. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., The effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Hu, X., Eleftheriou, E., Arnold, D., Regular and irregular progressive edge-growth tanner graphs (2005) IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 51 (1), pp. 386-398. , Jan; Ping, L., Leung, W.K., Phamdo, N., Low-density parity-check codes with semi-random parity-check matrix (1999) Electron. Lett, 35, pp. 38-39. , Jan; Belle, B.D., Schedin, F., Pilet, N., Ashworth, T.V., Hill, E.W., Nutter, P.W., Hug, H.J., Miles, J.J., High resolution magnetic force microscopy study of e-beam lithography patterned Co/Pt nanodots (2007) J. Appl. Phys, 101; Sawaguchi, H., Nishida, Y., Takano, H., Aoi, H., Performance analysis of modified PRML channels for perpendicular recording systems (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 235, pp. 265-272; Dholakia, A., Eleftheriou, E., Mittelholzer, T., Fossorier, M.P.C., Capacity-approaching codes: Can they be applied to the magnetic recording channel? (2004) IEEE Commun. Mag, pp. 122-130. , Feb; Lynch, R., Kurtas, E.M., Kuznetsov, A., Yeo, E., Nikolic, B., The search for a practical iterative detector for magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (1), pp. 213-218. , Jan; Eleftheriou, E., Hirt, W., Improving performance of PRML/EPRML through noise prediction (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn, 32 (5), pp. 3968-3970. , Sep; Tan, W., Cruz, J.R., Signal-to-noise ratio mismatch for low-density parity-check coded magnetic recording channels (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (2), pp. 498-506. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P.W.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: p.nutter@manchester.ac.uk},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Allwood200737,
author={Allwood, D. and Schrefl, T.},
title={Storing by numbers},
journal={Materials World},
year={2007},
volume={15},
number={9},
pages={37-39},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35649001475&partnerID=40&md5=2fe1425ec31db5812b6f5dfb003d5e6b},
affiliation={Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom},
abstract={Numerical modeling helps extensively in studying the modern complex magnetic data storage technologies, which are based solely on nanotechnology. Numerical modeling can help in simulating and observing the magnetization processes on a nanoscale. Modeling has also helped in the development of assisted writing technologies such as heat assisted magnetic recording, and microwave assisted recording. Bit patterned media where a single physical entity is used to store a single bit is expected to offer a huge support to area density. The prototype design for magnetic recording on bit patterned media can be optimized numerically. One of the major developments in data storage technology in which numerical modeling has played an important role is Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), which offers a number of advantages like quick access, and no power consumption for data retention. Numerical modeling has also been used for studying the nature of domain wall propagation and pinning in nanowires.},
keywords={Assisted writing technologies;  Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM);  Nanoscale, Computer simulation;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Nanotechnology;  Numerical methods;  Optimization;  Random access storage, Magnetic storage},
correspondence_address1={Allwood, D.; Department of Engineering Materials, United Kingdom; email: d.allwood@sheffield.ac.uk},
issn={09678638},
coden={MORLE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater World},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hu20073517,
author={Hu, J. and Duman, T.M. and Kurtas, E.M. and Fatih Erden, M.},
title={Bit-patterned media with written-in errors: Modeling, detection, and theoretical limits},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={8},
pages={3517-3524},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.898307},
note={cited By 42},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547436735&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.898307&partnerID=40&md5=00d9afcbb8c437851b0e063d90b7cb0d},
affiliation={Electrical Engineering Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4215, United States},
abstract={We report a study of bit-patterned media recording channels containing written-in errors. From a signal processing point of view, we consider an abstract model for the overall recording channel, incorporating errors caused by timing and write ability. Based on the resulting channel model, we develop various trellis structures, and propose several detection algorithms that can be used to recover the recorded data. Furthermore, we investigate achievable information rates for patterned media recording systems with different levels of written-in error probability, providing an information theoretical performance assessment for such systems. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Achievable information rates;  Bit-patterned media;  Intersymbol interference (ISI);  Maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection;  Written-in errors},
keywords={Abstracting;  Algorithms;  Errors;  Intersymbol interference;  Mathematical models;  Probability;  Trellis codes, Achievable information rates;  Bit-patterned media;  Maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection;  Written-in errors, Magnetic recording},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by Seagate Technology.},
references={R. L. White, R. M. H. New, and R. F. W. Pease, Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording?, IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, no. 1, pp. 990-995, Jan. 1997; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M. L. Plumer, J. V. Ek, and D. Weiler, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ch. 7; G. F. Hughes, Patterned media recording systems: The potential and the problems, presented at the Intermag Europe 2002 Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2002, GA6; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199-R222. , June; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 1-7. , Mar; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in. patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nair, S.K., Newt, R.M.H., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn, 34 (4), pp. 1916-1918. , July; Zhu, J., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with. a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett, 80 (18), pp. 3409-3411. , May; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2323-2325. , Sep; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., Recording potential of bit-patterned media (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, pp. 222-512. , 1-222 512-3, May; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D., Lynch, R.T., Xue, J., Brockie, R.M., Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1 Tb/in 2 and beyond (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn, 42 (10), pp. 2255-2260. , Oct; Bahl, L.R., Cocke, J., Jelink, F., Raviv, J., Optimal decoding of linear codes for minimizing symbol error rate (1974) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-20, pp. 284-287. , Mar; (2004) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, 33, p. 39. , B. Vasic and E. M. Kurtas, Eds, Boca Raton, FL: CRC, ch. 12; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Hu, J., Duman, T.M., Kurtas, E.M., Erden, F., Coding and iterative decoding for patterned media storage systems (2006) Electron. Lett, 42 (16), pp. 934-935. , Aug; Cover, T.M., Thomas, J.A., (1991) Elements of Information Theory, , 1st ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience; Arnold, D., Loeliger, H.-A., On the information rate of binary-input channels with, memory (2001) Proc. Intl. Conf. on Commun, 9, pp. 2692-2695. , Helsinki, Finland, Jun},
correspondence_address1={Hu, J.; Electrical Engineering Department, , Tempe, AZ 85287-5706, United States; email: hujun@asu.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Oshima2007,
author={Oshima, H. and Kikuchi, H. and Nakao, H. and Itoh, K.-I. and Kamimura, T. and Morikawa, T. and Matsumoto, K. and Umada, T. and Tamura, H. and Nishio, K. and Masuda, H.},
title={Detecting dynamic signals of ideally ordered nanohole patterned disk media fabricated using nanoimprint lithography},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2007},
volume={91},
number={2},
doi={10.1063/1.2757118},
art_number={022508},
note={cited By 40},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547212782&doi=10.1063%2f1.2757118&partnerID=40&md5=ecd37a808f4526d474dcde1459bdd3e3},
affiliation={Yamagata Fujitsu Ltd., Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Kou5004-2, Higashine 999-3701, Japan; Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Nishiwaki-64, Ohkubo-cho, Akashi 674-8555, Japan; Fujitsu Ltd., 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8588, Japan; Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 5-4-30 Nishihashimoto, Sagamihara 229-1131, Japan},
abstract={The authors have fabricated ideally ordered alumina nanohole patterned disk media via anodic oxidation and nanoimprint lithography with a thermoplastic resist. The ordered arrays of alumina nanoholes with 100 nm pitch, filled with Co by electrodeposition, were created over a macroscopically large area on a hard-disk substrate using these industrially applicable nanofabrication technologies. Stable flight of a perpendicular magnetic head above the media and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the Co nanopillars enable high-speed dynamic magnetic recording and playback. Dynamic periodic signals that matched the nanopillar periodicity were clearly observed after writing bit patterns, showing alternate reversal of magnetization of the nanopillars. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Alumina;  Anodic oxidation;  Electrodeposition;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanoimprint lithography, Hard disk substrate;  Nanopillars;  Thermoplastic resist, Nanostructured materials, Aluminum Oxide;  Electroplating;  Oxidation},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work is supported by the “Research Program on Development of Innovative Technology” of Japan Science and Technology Agency.},
references={Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; Saito, T., Imada, A., Den, T., (2003), p. 376. , Digests of the 27th Annual Conference on Magnetics in Japan; Oshima, H., Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Nishio, K., Masuda, H., Itoh, K., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2, 44, p. 1355; Masuda, H., Fukuda, K., (1995) Science, 268, p. 1466; Masuda, H., Yamada, H., Satoh, M., Asoh, H., Nakao, M., Tamamura, T., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 2770; Kawai, S., Ueda, R., (1975) J. Electrochem. Soc., 122, p. 32; Li, F., Metzger, R.M., Doyle, W.D., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 3715; Nielsch, K., Wehrspohn, R.B., Barthel, J., Kirschner, J., Gösele, U., Fischer, S.F., Kronmüller, H., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 1360; Yasui, K., Morikawa, T., Nishio, K., Masuda, H., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2, 44, p. 469; Liu, C.Y., Datta, A., Wang, Y.L., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 120; Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Yasui, K., Nishio, K., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Masuda, H., Itoh, K., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 3226; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2323; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozìres, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519; Ahanoni, A., (1990) J. Appl. Phys., 68, p. 2892; Kazakova, O., Hanson, M., Blomquist, P., Wäppling, R., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 2440; Hao, Y., Castao, F.J., Ross, C.A., Vögeli, B., Walsh, M.E., Smith, H.I., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 7989; Matsui, Y., Nishio, K., Masuda, H., (2006) Small, 2, p. 522; Oshima, H., Kikuchi, H., Nakao, H., Kamimura, T., Morikawa, T., Matsumoto, K., Yuan, J., Itoh, K., (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn., 43, p. 2148; Yasui, N., Imada, A., Den, T., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 3347; Gapin, A.I., Ye, X.R., Aubuchon, J.F., Chen, L.H., Tang, Y.J., Jin, S., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, pp. 08G902; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 15, p. 2897},
correspondence_address1={Oshima, H.; Yamagata Fujitsu Ltd., Kou5004-2, Higashine 999-3701, Japan; email: oshimah@jp.fujitsu.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Matsuyama20073882,
author={Matsuyama, T. and Kawata, Y.},
title={Fabrication of nanohole array via nanodot array using simple self-assembly process of diblock copolymer},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers},
year={2007},
volume={46},
number={6 B},
pages={3882-3885},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.46.3882},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547908577&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.46.3882&partnerID=40&md5=e351f023eb11077d0c11f4f43f807378},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan; Department of Engineering, Pulstec Industrial Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu 431-1304, Japan},
abstract={We present a simple self-assembly process for fabricating a nanohole array via a nanodot array on a glass substrate by dripping ethanol onto the nanodot array. It is found that well-aligned arrays of nanoholes as well as nanodots are formed on the whole surface of the glass. A dot is transformed into a hole, and the alignment of the nanodots strongly reflects that of the nanoholes. We find that the change in the depth of holes agrees well with the change in the surface energy with the ethanol concentration in the aqueous solution. We believe that the interfacial energy between the nanodots and the dripped ethanol causes the transformation from nanodots into nanoholes. The nanohole arrays are directly applicable to molds for nanopatterned media used in high-density near-field optical data storage. The bit data can be stored and read out using probes with small apertures. © 2007 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
author_keywords={Array;  Diblock copolymer;  Micelle;  Nanodot;  Nanohole;  Patterned media;  Self-assembly},
keywords={Block copolymers;  Interfacial energy;  Micelles;  Self assembly;  Surface properties, Nanodots;  Nanoholes;  Patterned media, Nanostructures},
references={Widawski, G., Rawiso, M., Franois, B., (1994) Nature (London), 369, p. 387; Bates, F.S., Fredrickson, G.H., (1999) Phys. Today, 52, p. 32; Cho, Y.-H., Yang, J.-E., Lee, J.-S., (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 24, p. 293; Spatz, J.P., Sheiko, S., Möller, M., (1996) Macromolecules, 29, p. 3220; Matsuyama, T., Kawata, Y., (2005) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 44, p. 3524; Matsuyama, T., Kawata, Y., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 45, pp. L20; Matsuyama, T., Kawata, Y., (2006) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 45, p. 1438; Hellmann, J., Hamano, M., Karthaus, O., Ijiro, K., Shimomura, M., Irie, M., (1998) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 37, pp. L816; Asakawa, K., Hiraoka, T., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Naito, K., (2002) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol, 15, p. 465; Rath, S., Mager, O., Heilig, M., Strauß, M., Mack, O., Port, H., (2001) J. Lumin, 94-95, p. 157; (1999) Polymer Handbook, p. 499. , ed. J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, and E. A. Grulke Wiley, New York, 4th ed, Chap. 7, p; Dann, J.R., (1970) J. Colloid Interface Sci, 32, p. 302; Ebbesen, T.W., (1998) Nature (London), 391, p. 667; Noda, S., Chutinan, A., Imada, M., (2000) Nature (London), 407, p. 608; Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J., Stewart, W.J., (1999) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, 47, p. 2075},
correspondence_address1={Matsuyama, T.; Department of Engineering, , Hamamatsu 431-1304, Japan},
issn={00214922},
coden={JAPND},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn J Appl Phys Part 1 Regul Pap Short Note Rev Pap},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nasvik200744,
author={Nasvik, J.},
title={Angle grinders for decorative concrete work},
journal={Concrete Construction - World of Concrete},
year={2007},
volume={52},
number={6},
pages={44-48},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34250635882&partnerID=40&md5=850c4dc6ff69e1419afb112100724c80},
abstract={Decorative concrete work depends on the use of angle grinders rather than any other electric power tool, as it improves the quality of the appearance of stamped concrete, to engrave patterned lines, to diamond polish small areas, to grind or polish restricted areas, or even grind or cut rebar. A proper grinder should have a protective shroud around grinder bits, which should be easy to rotate and adjust, and must also have a good line-of-sight in both the vertical and horizontal axes. The engineering of the tool should minimize the amount of dust that flows through the tool, specially around the armature, brushes, the switch mechanism, and bearings of the motor. Light or medium weight grinders, equipped with a trigger type switch that can be used to turn the grinder off when not in use, should be preferred. A grinder with a variable speed control, particularly when doing a diamond polishing work, is also of great significance to the user.},
issn={15337316},
coden={CCCNA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Concr. Constr. World Concr.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hosaka2007802,
author={Hosaka, S. and Sano, H. and Shirai, M. and Yin, Y. and Sone, H.},
title={Nano-dot arrays with a bit pitch and a track pitch of 25 nm formed by EB writing for 1 Tb/in2 storage},
journal={Microelectronic Engineering},
year={2007},
volume={84},
number={5-8},
pages={802-805},
doi={10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.119},
note={cited By 13},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247604049&doi=10.1016%2fj.mee.2007.01.119&partnerID=40&md5=7b91c24137b017b21fb4bcf32e8cdb1e},
affiliation={Department of Nano Material Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={The possibility of forming very fine pits or dots with a bit pitch (BP) and a track pitch (TP) of 25 nm was investigated using a conventional electron-beam (EB) writing system and positive and negative EB resists ZEP520 and calixarene, respectively. In our experiments, we obtained very small dots with a diameter of around 13 nm, and ultrahigh-density dot arrays with a BP and a TP of 25 nm using calixarene resist. Calixarene resist is very suitable for the formation of ultrahigh-packed dot array patterns, and promises to open the way toward 1 trillion bits/in2 storage. We believe that calixarene is more suitable for ultrahigh-density pattern formation than ZEP520 because of its exposure intensity distribution function and its resist structure. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={EB writing;  Nano-dot;  Near-field optical recording;  Patterned media;  Ultrahigh-density recording},
keywords={Carrier concentration;  Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Optical recording, Bit pitch (BP);  Calixarene;  Intensity distribution function;  Patterned media, Semiconductor quantum dots},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={We thank Dr. K. Itoh, Mr. S. Watanabe and Mr. M. Noguchi of the Department of Electronic Engineering at Gunma University for their technical support of our EB writing experiments. This research was performed as part of the Kiryu Ohta Toshi Area project supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.},
references={Rittner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, pp. 1649-1651; Hosaka, S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 8082-8086; Ishida, M., Fujita, J., Ogurai, T., Ochai, Y., Ohshima, E., Momoda, J., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 3913-3916; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Itoh, K., Sone, H., (2006) Microelectron. Eng., 83, pp. 792-795; Hosaka, S., Ichihashi, M., Hayakawa, H., Hishi, S., Migitaka, M., (1982) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 21, pp. 543-549},
correspondence_address1={Hosaka, S.; Department of Nano Material Systems, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; email: hosaka@el.gunma-u.ac.jp},
issn={01679317},
coden={MIENE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microelectron Eng},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hellwig2007,
author={Hellwig, O. and Berger, A. and Thomson, T. and Dobisz, E. and Bandic, Z.Z. and Yang, H. and Kercher, D.S. and Fullerton, E.E.},
title={Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2007},
volume={90},
number={16},
doi={10.1063/1.2730744},
art_number={162516},
note={cited By 142},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34247350009&doi=10.1063%2f1.2730744&partnerID=40&md5=16d1966c5c50e7477475209ac609aa48},
affiliation={San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={A critical requirement for bit patterned media applications is the control and minimization of the switching field distribution (SFD). Here, we use the ΔH(M,ΔM) method to separate dipolar interactions due to neighbor islands from the intrinsic SFD by measuring a series of partial reversal curves of perpendicular anisotropy Co/Pd based multilayer films deposited onto prepatterned Si substrates. For a 100-nm-period island array the dipolar broadening contributes 22% to the observed SFD. For a 45-nm-period array this value increases to 31%. These results highlight the importance of quantifying long-range dipolar interactions for determining the intrinsic SFD of patterned media. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Perpendicular anisotropy;  Switching field distribution (SFD), Cobalt;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Multilayer films;  Optimization;  Palladium;  Silicon;  Substrates, Switching systems},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D, 35, pp. R157; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Lynch, R.T., Weller, D., Brockie, R.M., Heinonen, O., Gao, K.Z., Erden, M.F., (2006) Appl. Phys. Lett, 88, p. 222512; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96, p. 257204; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J.P., van de Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., Landis, S., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 86, p. 063512; J. M. Shaw, W. H. Rippard, S. E. Russek, T. Reith, and C. M. Falco, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 023909 (2007); Tagawa, I., Nakamura, Y., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn, 27, p. 45; Berger, A., Xu, Y., Lengsfield, B., Ikeda, Y., Fullerton, E.E., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, p. 3178; A. Berger, B. Lengsfield, and Y. Ikeda, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08E705 (2006); Henkel, O., (1964) Phys. Status Solidi, 7, p. 919; Kelly, P.E., O'Grady, K., Mayo, P.I., Chantrell, R.W., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn, 25, p. 3881; Yuan, E., Victora, R.H., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40, p. 2452; van de Veerdonk, R.J.M., Wu, X., Weller, D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39, p. 590; Repain, V., Jamet, J.-P., Vernier, N., Bauer, M., Ferre, J., Chappert, C., Gierak, J., Mailly, D., (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 95, p. 2614; Jang, H.-J., Eames, P., Dahlberg, E.D., Farhoud, M., Ross, C.A., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett, 86, p. 023102; G. Hu, T. Thomson, C. T. Rettner, S. Raux, and B. D. Terris, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 10J702 (2005); Bardou, N., Bartenlian, B., Rousseaux, F., Decanini, D., Carcenac, F., Chappert, C., Veillet, P., Ferré, J., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 148, p. 293; In contrast to the original description of the ΔH(M, ΔM)-method (Refs. 8 and 9), we are fitting the logarithm of the experimental ΔH data here. We found this procedure to be more reliable because it does not overemphasize the significance of the few data points along the boundaries of the definition ranges, where the ΔH values diverge},
correspondence_address1={Hellwig, O.; San Jose Research Center, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd., San Jose, CA 95135, United States; email: olav.hellwig@hitachigst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kamata2007999,
author={Kamata, Y. and Kikitsu, A. and Hieda, H. and Sakurai, M. and Naito, K. and Bai, J. and Ishlo, S.},
title={Microscopic magnetic characteristics of CoCrPt-patterned media made by artificially aligned self-organized mask},
journal={Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers},
year={2007},
volume={46},
number={3 A},
pages={999-1002},
doi={10.1143/JJAP.46.999},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547875452&doi=10.1143%2fJJAP.46.999&partnerID=40&md5=43b6a7832948fef06b81a07c598dd59a},
affiliation={Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan; Venture Business Laboratory, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan},
abstract={The microscopic magnetic characteristics of CoCrPt-patterned media after magnetic recording by a ring head were investigated. The media consists of two rows of aligned CoCrPt dots with a diameter of 40 nm. The magnetization reversal of each dot is clearly observed by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). A few misreversed dots were observed in the written "bit" patterns. The distribution of coercivity Hc was investigated by MFM using dot-by-dot analysis. It was found that Hc is about 4 kOe on the average with a wide distribution ranging from 0.5 to 7.5 kOe. This large distribution of Hc causes these magnetization reversal defects. One possible origin of the large Hc distribution is the grain boundary observed in each grain ofthe CoCrPt layer. © 2007 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},
author_keywords={Magnetization switching;  Nanoimprint;  Patterned media;  Self-assembling},
keywords={Coercive force;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Self assembly, Magnetization switching;  Nanoimprint;  Patterned media, Cobalt alloys},
references={Ross, C.A., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res, 31, p. 203; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 272-276, p. 1692; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, A., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, p. 1949; Kamata, Y., Kikitsu, A., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Naito, K., (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 95, p. 6705; Bai, J., Takahoshi, H., Ito, H., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) J. Appl. Phys, 96, p. 1133; Asakawa, K., Hiraoka, T., (2002) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 41, p. 6112},
correspondence_address1={Kamata, Y.; Corporate Research and Development Center, , Kawasaki 212-8582, Japan},
issn={00214922},
coden={JAPND},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jpn J Appl Phys Part 1 Regul Pap Short Note Rev Pap},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Miles2007955,
author={Miles, J.J.},
title={Effect of grain size distribution on the performance of perpendicular recording media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={3},
pages={955-967},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.888354},
note={cited By 14},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847691914&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.888354&partnerID=40&md5=4acd80bf1fb48055adfa951eb2413b49},
affiliation={School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Micromagnetic simulations of perpendicular recording in hard disk storage media have been performed with model media of variable microstructural disorder. Simulations indicate that increasing disorder, either due to size and shape distribution or due to disordered packing, decreases signal and increases noise. The mechanism observed in the model is that, in a disordered microstructure, there is a distribution of magnetostatic and exchange coupling between grains that acts to create clusters of grains that act collectively. These clusters increase the auto-correlation function of the spatial distribution of magnetization that is a measure of the magnetic feature size. Consequently, the transition width between recorded bits increases and the position variation of the transition locations (jitter) increases, so that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) falls. The results suggest that microstructurally ordered media will exhibit higher performance, and that such effects may ultimately demand the use of self-assembled or patterned media with regular packing and very narrow size distribution. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Magnetic disk recording;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording media},
keywords={Exchange coupling;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Microstructure;  Signal to noise ratio, Magnetic disk recording;  Micromagnetic modeling;  Microstructural disorders;  Perpendicular recording;  Recording media, Grain size and shape},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) EHDR Program, and in part by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Ltd. The author thanks INSIC for their support of this work, and R. Wood of Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for his ongoing support and advice.},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1 PART. 1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1 PART. 1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Wood, R.W., Miles, J., Olson, T., Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4 PART. 1), pp. 1711-1718. , Jul; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., One terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4 PART. 1), pp. 1719-1724. , Jul; Gao, K.-Z., Bertram, H.N., Magnetic recording configuration for densities beyond 1 Tb/in2 and data rates beyond 1 Gb/s (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (6 PART. 1), pp. 3675-3683. , Nov; Victora, R.H., Xue, J., Patwari, M., Areal density limits for perpendicular magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (5 PART. 1), pp. 1886-1891. , Sep; Miles, J.J., McKirdy, D.M.A., Chantrell, R.W., Wood, R., Parametric optimization for terabit perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (4), pp. 1876-1890. , Jul; Mallinson, J., On extremely high density magnetic recording (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn, MAG-10 (2), pp. 368-373. , Jun; Takeo, A., Takahashi, Y., Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Precise noise characterization of perpendicular recording media (2000) J. Appl. Phys, 87, p. 4987; Miura, K., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Effect of head field gradient on transition jitter in perpendicular magnetic recording (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37 (4), pp. 1926-1928. , Jul; Fu, C., Jin, Z., Bertram, H.N., Wu, Y., Guarisco, D., Measurements and analysis of transition noise in perpendicular media (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (5), pp. 2606-2608. , Sep; Shimatsu, T., Uwazumi, H., Oikawa, T., Inaba, Y., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Magnetic cluster size and activation volume in perpendicular recording media (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93 (103), pp. 7732-7734. , May 15; M. Hashimoto, K. Miura, H. Muraoka, H. Aoi, and Y. Nakamura, Influence of magnetic cluster-size distribution on signal-to-noise ratio in perpendicular magnetic recording media, IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, no. 4 II, pp. 2458-2460, Jul. 2004; Shimatsu, T., Uwazumi, H., Oikawa, T., Inaba, Y., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Influence of magnetic cluster size distribution on SNR and bit error rate in perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 123-127. , Feb; Valcu, B., Roscamp, T., Bertram, H.N., Pulse shape, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in perpendicular recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38, pp. 288-294. , Jan; Miles, J.J., Media design for perpendicular recording (2003) Dig, ISSS, pp. 76-85. , Oct; Greaves, S.J., Goodman, A.M., Muraoka, H., Nakamura, Y., Exchange coupling and grain-size distributions in perpendicular recording media (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 66-71. , Feb; Suess, D., Tsiantos, V., Schrefl, T., Fidler, J., Scholx, W., Forster, H., Dittrich, R., Miles, J.J., Time resolved micromagnetics using a preconditioned time integration method (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 248, pp. 298-311; Chantrell, R.W., Walmsley, N.S., Gore, J., Maylin, M., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, pp. 24410-24414. , Jan; van de Veerdonk, R.J.M., Wu, X.W., Chantrell, R.W., Miles, J.J., Slow dynamics in perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans., Magn, 38 (4 PART. 1), pp. 1676-1681. , Jul; Batra, S., Scholz, W., Roscamp, T., Effect of thermal fluctuation field on the noise performance of a perpendicular recording system (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99 (8 E706). , Apr; Karlqvist, O., Calculation of the magnetic field in the ferromagnetic layer of a magnetic drum (1954) Trans. R. Inst. Technol. (Stockholm), (86), p. 1; Fan, G.J., Study of the playback process of a magnetic ring head (1961) IBM J. Res. Develop, 5, p. 321; Lindholm, D.A., Dependence of reproducing gap null on head geometry (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn, MAG-11 (6), pp. 1692-1696. , Nov; Miles, J.J., Middleton, B.K., A hierarchical micromagnetic model of longitudinal thin film recording media (1991) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 95, pp. 99-108. , Apr; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Angle effects at high-density magnetic recording (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 41-50. , Feb; Jones, M., Miles, J.J., An accurate and efficient 3-D micromagnetic simulation of metal evaporated tape (1997) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 171, pp. 190-208. , Jul; Caroselli, J., Wolf, J.K., A new model for media noise in thin film magnetic recording media (1995) Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 2605, pp. 29-38; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Exchange coupled composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 2828-2833. , Oct; Sonobe, Y., Weller, D., Ikeda, Y., Schabes, M., Takano, K., Zeltzer, G., Yen, B.K., Nakamura, Y., Thermal stability and SNR of coupled granular/continuous media (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn, 37 (4), pp. 1667-1670. , Jul},
correspondence_address1={Miles, J.J.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: Jim.Miles@manchester.ac.uk},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Smith200764,
author={Smith, D. and Zhang, S. and Donner, W. and Chunsheng, E. and Randall Lee, T. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={On the physics of magnetic anisotropy in Co/Pd multilayer thin films},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2007},
volume={998},
pages={64-69},
doi={10.1557/proc-998-j04-04},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Nanoscale Magnetics and Device Applications - 2007 MRS Spring Meeting ; Conference Date: 9 April 2007 Through 13 April 2007;  Conference Code:76954},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349925820&doi=10.1557%2fproc-998-j04-04&partnerID=40&md5=bed7e42082a8fc009f6a814fe05dbe2d},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States; Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States; Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States; Electrical Engineering, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States},
abstract={(Co/Pd)N multilayers with Co and Pd layer thicknesses of only a few monolayers exhibit high vertical magnetic anisotropy and have been extensively explored as recording medium candidates for high density magnetic recording applications. In the work reported here, the magnetic properties of (Co/Pd) N multilayers deposited by magnetron sputtering and designed for bit-patterned medium applications are correlated with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data - an approach commonly used to probe the binding energies and valence band positions. Although the XPS probing depth is limited to ~2-3 nm, it is sufficient for the evaluation of the 1- 2 topmost bilayers in a multilayer stack, and allows us to infer the relevant details of the bandstructure of the entire film. Confirming theoretical predictions, we demonstrate that the degree of d-shell hybridization at Co/Pd interfaces directly correlates with the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy. Significantly, the highest hybridization of Pd atoms is observed for about one monolayer thick Co layers in the bilayer stack. Variation of the deposition conditions (e.g., deposition pressure) shows a measurable influence on delectron hybridization, multilayer microstructure, and magnetic anisotropy. © 2007 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Binding energy;  Deposition;  Film preparation;  Magnetic multilayers;  Molecular orbitals;  Monolayers;  Multilayer films;  Nanomagnetics;  X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Band position;  Bit-patterned medium;  Co/Pd multilayers;  Deposition conditions;  Deposition pressures;  High-density magnetic recording;  Multilayer stacks;  Recording medium, Magnetic anisotropy},
references={Garcia, P.F., Meinholdt, D., Suna, A., (1987) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 66, p. 351; Ho, K., Lairson, B.M., Kim, Y.K., Noyes, G.I., Sun, S.Y., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), p. 1854; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), p. 3589; Brucker, C.F., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 70 (10), p. 6065; Simsa, Z., Zemek, J., Simsova, J., Dehaan, P., Lodder, C., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (2), p. 951; Cinal, M., Edwards, D.M., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55 (6), p. 3636; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98 (1); Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17 (9), p. 2079; Zemek, J., Kambersky, V., De Haan, P., Weber, J., Janda, P., (1998) Surface Science, 404 (1-3), p. 529; Lesiak, B., Zemek, J., Dehaan, P., Jozwik, A., (1996) Surface Science, 346 (1-3), p. 79; Peng, W., Victora, R.H., Judy, J.H., Gao, K., Sivertsen, J.M., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), p. 6358},
correspondence_address1={Smith, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX, 77004, United States},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781605604312},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nishida2007,
author={Nishida, T. and Matsumoto, T. and Akagi, F. and Hieda, H. and Kikitsu, A. and Naito, K. and Koda, T. and Nishida, N. and Hatano, H. and Hirata, M.},
title={Hybrid recording on bit-patterned media using a near-field optical head},
journal={Journal of Nanophotonics},
year={2007},
volume={1},
number={1},
doi={10.1117/1.2835452},
art_number={11597},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70249085344&doi=10.1117%2f1.2835452&partnerID=40&md5=b015abaf345512d81785a8fe6cc7df7f},
affiliation={Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukaitoshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 212-8582, Japan; Development and Technology Division, Hitachi Maxell, Ltd., 6-20-1, Kinunodai, Tsukubamirai-shi, Ibaraki 300-2496, Japan; Research and Development Center, Konica Minolta Opto, Inc., 2970, Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8505, Japan; Research and Development Center, Seiko Instruments Inc., 563, Takatsuka-shinden, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 270-2222, Japan},
abstract={We have demonstrated hybrid recording on magnetic bit-patterned media by a nearfield optical head with plasmon probe. The near-field plasmon probe "nanobeak" that uses a triangular metallic plate with a three-dimensionally tapered apex can provide a highly efficient optical spot as small as 16 nm x 20 nm. The bit-patterned media consist of a Co (0.3 nm)/Pd (0.7 nm) multilayer of 20-nm-thick magnetic nanodots each with a diameter of 20 nm and a period of 30 nm. We confirmed magnetic single-dot recording on the Co/Pd bitpatterned media. Hybrid recording simulation results suggest that hybrid recording on bitpatterned media can achieve significant data-density recording, even when the magnetic dot size is less than 5 nm. For practical use, we made a prototype of nanodot circularly aligned Co/Pd bit-patterned media, and also demonstrated light delivery method using either solid immersion optics or an optical fiber. © 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Co/Pd-multilayer;  Hybrid recording;  Nanobeak;  Near-field;  Plasmon probe},
keywords={Nanodots;  Optical fibers;  Plasmons;  Probes, Bit-patterned media;  Hybrid recording;  Light delivery;  Magnetic bit patterned medias;  Magnetic nano-dots;  Nanobeak;  Near fields;  Solid immersion, Magnetism},
funding_details={New Energy and Industrial Technology Development OrganizationNew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, NEDO},
funding_details={Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI},
funding_text 1={This work was performed as part of the Terabyte Optical Storage Technology Project (2002-2006 FY) of the Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association (OITDA). OITDA contracted with the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) to undertake the project based on funds provided from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI).},
references={Saga, H., Nemoto, H., Sukeda, H., Takahashi, M., New recording method combining thermo-magnetic writing and flux detection (1999) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38, pp. 1839-1840. , [doi:10.1143/JJAP.38.1839]; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35 nm diameter and 65 Gbits/in.2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, pp. 6673-6675. , [doi:10.1063/1.358164]; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (1), pp. 978-983; Hosoe, Y., Tamai, I., Experimental study of thermal decay in high-density magnetic recording media (1997) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 33 (5), pp. 3028-3030; Matsumoto, T., Anzai, Y., Shintani, T., Nakamura, K., Nishida, T., Writing 40 nm marks by using a beaked metallic plate near-field optical probe (2006) Opt. Lett., 31, pp. 259-261. , [doi:10.1364/OL.31.000259]; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., 2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2002) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 38 (5), pp. 1949-1951. , DOI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802847; Hieda, H., Yanagita, Y., Kikitsu, A., Maeda, T., Naito, K., Fabrication of FePt patterned media with diblock copolymer templates (2006) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 19, pp. 425-430. , [doi:10.2494/photopolymer.19.425]; Igarashi Masukazu, Akagi Fumiko, Nakamura Atsushi, Ikekame Hiroshi, Takano Hisashi, Yoshida Kazuetsu, Computer simulation of magnetization switching behavior in high-data-rate hard-disk media (2000) IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36 (1), pp. 154-158},
correspondence_address1={Nishida, T.; Central Research Laboratory, 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan; email: tetsuya.nishida.mh@hitachi.com},
publisher={SPIE},
issn={19342608},
coden={JNOAC},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanophoton.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Marinero20073,
author={Marinero, E.E.},
title={Materials Challenges for Tb/in2 Magnetic Recording},
journal={Springer Series in Materials Science},
year={2007},
volume={94},
pages={3-6},
doi={10.1007/978-3-540-49336-5_1},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61649089248&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-540-49336-5_1&partnerID=40&md5=5ed7080dde3f8cfb42efcf70c981ea32},
affiliation={Hitachi San Jose Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA  95120, United States},
abstract={Magnetic recording technology aims to provide the capability of storing as much as 1012 bits/in2 (1.6 × 1011 bits/cm2) in the foreseeable future. This remarkable storage density projection is made possible by recent major improvements in the microstructural and intrinsic magnetic properties of the thin film materials utilized for both recording and reading nanoscale magnetic domains which form the basis for digitally encoding information. To meet the Tb/in2 goal, further reductions in the recording medium grain size, the grain size distribution as well as increments in the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy will be required. Currently used longitudinal recording materials are unlikely to support such high density targets and a migration to perpendicular recording is expected. On account of the superparamagnetic limit and the need for stringent control on the domain size, it is also likely that a transition to patterned media will also be required. The read sensor sensitivity will also need to increment to provide large enough signals needed for low error rate. Therefore, breakthroughs in magnetic thin films for the disk and head components will be required to meet the technology goals. © 2007, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
author_keywords={Grain Size Distribution;  Magnetic Tunnel Junction;  Read Sensor;  Sensor Material;  Storage Density},
correspondence_address1={Marinero, E.E.; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, 650 Harry Road, United States},
publisher={Springer Verlag},
issn={0933033X},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Springer Ser. Math. Sci.},
document_type={Book Chapter},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Chunsheng2007339,
author={Chunsheng, E. and Parekh, V. and Rantschler, J.O. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={The effects of edge defects on the switching characteristics of bit patterned media},
journal={2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007, Proceedings},
year={2007},
pages={339-340},
doi={10.1109/NANO.2007.4601220},
art_number={4601220},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2007 7th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO 2007 ; Conference Date: 2 August 2007 Through 5 August 2007;  Conference Code:73744},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52949133432&doi=10.1109%2fNANO.2007.4601220&partnerID=40&md5=ff9ef6b17c14400d746bb68ef124f75c},
affiliation={IEEE; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, TX 77204, United States; Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={We present the results of micromagnetic studies on realistic patterning defects in perpendicularly oriented magnetic thin films. Both undercut and line edge roughness are investigated systematically with simulations using simple test structures to see the effect of the side wall angle, the roughness amplitude on a nanostructure's switching field, and the roughness period on mathematically tractable figures. We then run simulations of hysteresis loops of actual 200 nm diameter nanostructures using AFM images to define the structure boundary and compare the results to MFM images of DC demagnetized dots. © 2007 IEEE.},
keywords={Magnetic materials;  Magnetic thin films;  Nanostructures, Bit-patterned media;  Line Edge Roughness;  Micromagnetic study;  Roughness amplitude;  Sidewall angles;  Simple tests;  Switching characteristics;  Switching field, Defects},
references={Charap, S.J., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33, pp. 978-983; S. Khizroev and D. Litvinov, Perpendicular Magnetic Recording. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. B. Smith, An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work: style), unpublished; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 521-527; Thomson, T., Hu, G., Terris, B.D., Intrinsic distribution of magnetic anisotropy in thin films probed by patterned nanostructures (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96; Ref. for OOMMF; Smith, C.E.D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Combinatorial synthesis of Co/Pd magnetic multilayers (2006) J. Appl. Phys, p. 99. , col; V.Parekh, A. Ruiz, C. E, J. Rantschler, P. Ruchhoeft, S. Khizroev, and D. Litvinov, Fabrication of patterned magnetic recording medium using ion beam proximity lithography, submitted to IEEE-Nano 2007, Hong Kong, China, 2007},
correspondence_address1={Rantschler, J. O.; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , TX 77204, United States; email: ce20@central.uh.edu},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
address={Hong Kong},
isbn={1424406080; 9781424406081},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Int. Conf. Nanotechnology - IEEE-NANO, Proc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Li200713,
author={Li, K. and Wu, Y. and Guo, Z. and Zheng, Y. and Han, G. and Qiu, J. and Luo, P. and An, L. and Zhou, T.},
title={Exchange coupling and its applications in magnetic data storage},
journal={Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2007},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={13-45},
note={cited By 30},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447332559&partnerID=40&md5=56d0dcff9d0d17db158e122f9940b037},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Seagate Technology International, Recording Media Operations, 16 Woodlands Loop, Singapore 738340, Singapore},
abstract={The continuing scaling of magnetic recording is facing more and more scientific and technological challenges because both the read sensor and recording bit are approaching sub-50 nm regime with the ever increasing areal density in hard disk drives. One of the key and indispensable elements for both high-sensitivity sensors and high-density media is the exchange bias between a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic layer or the exchange coupling between two ferromagnets via a non-magnetic spacer. In the nanometer regime, the exchange coupling between ferromagnet and antiferromagnet or two ferromagnets through a conductive spacer is governed by the intergrain exchange interaction which has its origin in electron spins. Interlayer exchange coupling in multilayer or trilayer essentially originates from the quantum confinement effect. In this paper, we first review the physical origin and various theoretical models of the two types of exchange couplings, followed by a review of the applications of the exchange bias and interlayer exchange coupling in data storage with emphasis on the advanced read sensor and advanced media including perpendicular media and patterned media. Copyright © 2007 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Current-Perpendicular-to-the-Plane (CPP);  Exchange Bias;  Giant Magnetoresistive;  Interlayer Exchange Coupling;  Magnetic Media;  Magnetic Read Head;  Patterned Media;  Perpendicular Media;  Spin Valves;  Tunnel Magnetoresistance},
keywords={Antiferromagnet;  Antiferromagnetic (AFM) layers;  Areal density (AD);  Data storage;  Electron spins;  Exchange bias (EB);  Ferromagnet (FM);  Ferromagnets (FMs);  Hard disk drives (HDDs);  High sensitivity sensors;  High-density;  Intergrain exchange interaction;  Interlayer exchange couplings;  Magnetic (CE);  Magnetic data;  Multilayer (ML);  Nano-meter regimes;  Non magnetic;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular medium;  Quantum confinement effect (QCE);  Sub-50 nm;  Technological challenges;  Trilayer;  Two types, Antiferromagnetic materials;  Antiferromagnetism;  Data storage equipment;  Detectors;  Exchange interactions;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Ferromagnetism;  Hard disk storage;  Hard facing;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetism;  Magnets;  Models;  Sensors;  Spin dynamics;  Technology transfer, Exchange coupling, iron, atomic force microscopy;  chemistry;  computer program;  data storage device;  information retrieval;  magnetism;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  review;  sensitivity and specificity;  statistical model, Computer Storage Devices;  Information Storage and Retrieval;  Iron;  Magnetics;  Microscopy, Atomic Force;  Models, Statistical;  Nanotechnology;  Sensitivity and Specificity;  Software},
chemicals_cas={iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; Iron, 7439-89-6},
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correspondence_address1={Li, K.; Data Storage Institute, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore},
issn={15334880},
pubmed_id={17455474},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xu2007206,
author={Xu, Y.F. and Yan, M.L. and Sellmyer, D.J.},
title={FePt nanocluster films for high-density magnetic recording},
journal={Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology},
year={2007},
volume={7},
number={1},
pages={206-224},
note={cited By 32},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447328476&partnerID=40&md5=8f595b863d0f45343b7149b3a853fc0c},
affiliation={Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanosclence, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0111, United States},
abstract={High anisotropy L1 0 ordered FePt thin films are considered to have high potential for use as high areal density recording media, beyond 1 Tera bit/in 2. In this paper, we review recent results on the synthesis and magnetic properties of L1 0 FePt nanocomposite films. Several fabrication methods have been developed to produce high-anisotropy FePt films: epitaxial and non-epitaxial growth of (001)-oriented FePt:X (X = Au, Ag, Cu, C, etc.) composite films that might be used for perpendicular media; monodispersed FePt nanocluster-assembled films grown with a gas-aggregation technique and having uniform cluster size and narrow size distribution; self-assembled FePt particles prepared with chemical synthesis by reduction/decomposition techniques, etc. The magnetic properties are controllable through variations in the nanocluster properties and nanostructure. FePt and related films show promise for development as heat-assisted magnetic recording media at extremely high areal densities. The self-assembled FePt arrays show potential for approaching the ultimate goal of single-grain-per-bit patterned media. Copyright © 2007 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={FePt;  High Anisotropy;  High-Density Media;  Nanoclusters;  Self-Assembly},
keywords={High anisotropy;  High-density magnetic recording;  Nanocluster films, Crystallography, Magnetic recording, iron;  nanoparticle;  platinum, algorithm;  anisotropy;  chemistry;  data storage device;  electrochemistry;  equipment design;  information retrieval;  magnetism;  methodology;  nanotechnology;  review;  time, Algorithms;  Anisotropy;  Computer Storage Devices;  Electrochemistry;  Equipment Design;  Information Storage and Retrieval;  Iron;  Magnetics;  Nanoparticles;  Nanotechnology;  Platinum;  Time Factors},
chemicals_cas={iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; platinum, 7440-06-4; Iron, 7439-89-6; Platinum, 7440-06-4},
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correspondence_address1={Xu, Y. F.; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanosclence, , Lincoln, NE 68588-0111, United States},
issn={15334880},
pubmed_id={17455485},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Honda20072142,
author={Honda, N. and Yamakawa, K. and Ouchi, K.},
title={Recording simulation of patterned media toward 2 Tb/in2},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={6},
pages={2142-2144},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.893139},
note={cited By 34},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249074705&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.893139&partnerID=40&md5=a1bab94113cd1a3689b9d4c46f3f719e},
affiliation={IEEE; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Akita Prefectural R and D Center, Akita 010-1623, Japan},
abstract={Recording simulation of bit patterned media for recording densities toward 2 Tb/in2 was studied. The magnetic dot was modeled as 10 nm long, 15 nm wide, and 5 nm thick with ms = 1000 emu/cm3. The dots were arranged in densities of 1-2 Tb/in2 on a soft magnetic underlayer with a 25-nm cross track pitch. A head field of a shielded planar head with a pole size of 14 × 45 nm3 and a head-medium spacing of 6 nm was used. When the switching timing of the head field was properly chosen, a 2 Tb/in2 pattern was successfully recorded on a track but the obtained switching window was only 2.5 nm due to increased magnetostatic interaction between the dots. Introduction of the exchange coupling between the neighboring dots by connecting the dots was found to increase the switching window up to 6 nm along with an increase in cross track shift margin. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Areal density of 2 Tb/in2;  Bit patterned media;  Recording simulation;  Shielded planar head;  Switching window},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Exchange coupling;  Magnetic materials;  Mathematical models;  Terbium, Areal density of 2 Tb/2;  Bit patterned media;  Recording simulation;  Shielded planar head;  Switching window, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_details={Japan Science and Technology AgencyJapan Science and Technology Agency, JST},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Akita Prefecture CREATE, JST and the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, MEXT.},
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correspondence_address1={Honda, N.; Research Institute of Advanced Technology, , Akita 010-1623, Japan; email: n_honda@rdc.pref.akita.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Groenland20072307,
author={Groenland, J.P.J. and Abelmann, L.},
title={Two-dimensional coding for probe recording on magnetic patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={6},
pages={2307-2309},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.893137},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249055812&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.893137&partnerID=40&md5=440321c3f778b337c7a61d794666d4b7},
affiliation={Mesa+ Institute for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, University of Twente, NL-7500 AE, Enschede, Netherlands},
abstract={The effect of intertrack intersymbol interference in a magnetic patterned medium is studied. A 2-D channel code is proposed, dedicated to perpendicularly magnetized media without soft underlayer, which exhibit read pulses showing overshoot. Read pulse shapes were investigated using a magnetic-force microscope tip scanning the patterned medium row by row. To test different codes, a bit-detection simulation program was developed to generate large amounts of data on which bit error rates can be measured. Application of the 2-D channel code, which implies recording of particular dot positions with fixed bits ("ones," "zeros") resulted in the elimination of 2-D worst case bit patterns and a subsequent reduction of detected-bit errors. The accompanying redundancy of 22% is inevitable for this type of 2-D code. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Intertrack interference;  Magnetic force microscopy (MFM);  Patterned media;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Two-dimensional coding},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computer simulation;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Pattern matching;  Redundancy;  Signal encoding, Intertrack interference;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Two-dimensional coding, Magnetic recording},
references={Moser, A., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys, 35 (19), pp. R157-R167; (2005) Coding and Signal Processing for Magnetic Recording Systems, 25, p. 39. , B. Vasic and E. M. Kurtas, Eds, Boca Raton, FL: CRC, ch. 24; Abelmann, L., Bolhuis, T., Hoexum, A.M., Krijnen, G.J.M., Lodder, J.C., Large capacity probe recording using storage robots (2003) Inst. Elec. Eng. Proc. - Sci. Measure. Technol, 150, pp. 218-221; Murillo, R., van Wolferen, H.A., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Fabrication of patterned magnetic nanodots by laser interference lithography (2005) Microelectron. Eng, 78-79, pp. 260-265; Magnetic force microscopy - Towards higher resolution (2005) Magnetic Microscopy of Nanostructures, pp. 253-283. , L. Abelmann, A. G. van den Bos, and J. C. Lodder, H. Hopster and H. P. Oepen, Eds, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; Vellekoop, B., Abelmann, L., Porthun, S., Lodder, J.C., On the determination of the internal magnetic structure by magnetic force microscope (1998) J Magn. Magn. Mater, 190, pp. 148-151; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, 38, pp. R199-R222},
correspondence_address1={Groenland, J.P.J.; Mesa+ Institute for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, , NL-7500 AE, Enschede, Netherlands; email: j.p.j.groenland@utwente.nl},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakamura20072277,
author={Nakamura, Y. and Nishimura, M. and Okamoto, Y. and Osawa, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H. and Nakamura, Y.},
title={Iterative decoding using attenuated extrinsic information from sum-product decoder for PMR channel with patterned medium},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={6},
pages={2277-2279},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.893421},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249007115&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.893421&partnerID=40&md5=0404f92e68f27619f922fb7951413dde},
affiliation={IEEE, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication (RIEC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan},
abstract={An LDPC coding and iterative decoding system is studied in perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) with a bit-patterned medium. We propose an iterative decoding scheme using attenuated extrinsic information from a sum-product decoder, and the bit error rate (BER) performance of the LDFC coding and iterative decoding system is evaluated by R/W computer simulations. It has been clarified that at an area] density of 1 Tbpsi the proposed system provides a jitter margin of the island edges of approximately 0.6 % larger than the conventional system using (3, 18)-regular LDPC code. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Iterative decoding;  LDPC codes;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR)},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Codes (symbols);  Computer simulation;  Information retrieval;  Magnetic recording, LDPC codes;  Patterned medium;  Perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), Iterative decoding},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, 17560310},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), in part by the Grant-in-Aid no. 17560310, and in part by the Storage Research Consortium (SRC), Japan.},
references={Nutter, P.W., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Gallager, R.G., (1962) IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, IT-8, pp. 21-28. , Jan; MacKay, D.J.C., Neal, R.M., (1996) Electron. Lett, 32, pp. 1645-1646. , Aug; Chung, S.Y., (2001) IEEE Commun. Lett, 5 (2), pp. 58-60. , Feb; Y. Suzuki, J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 10P108, 2005; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), pp. 521-526. , Mar; Kretzmer, E.R., (1966) IEEE Trans. Commun, 14 (COM-1), pp. 67-68. , Jan; Okamoto, Y., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 235, pp. 259-264; Kschischang, R.R., (2001) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 47 (2), pp. 498-519. , Feb; Okamoto, Y., (2006) Dig. Intermag, CQ-03},
correspondence_address1={Nakamura, Y.; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, , Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; email: nakamura@rec.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nabavi20072274,
author={Nabavi, S. and Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Modifying viterbi algorithm to mitigate intertrack interference in bit-patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2007},
volume={43},
number={6},
pages={2274-2276},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2007.893479},
note={cited By 48},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249006513&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2007.893479&partnerID=40&md5=66649d8dc0a838a93c583108b3b4c6f6},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={Bit-patterned media are currently being investigated to obtain magnetic recording densities of 1 Tbit/in3 and more. In bit-patterned media, the adjacent tracks may be as close as adjacent bits in a track resulting in significant intertrack interference (ITI). In this work, we propose a modified trellis for the Viterbi algorithm (VA) that can mitigate the effects of ITI. Simulation results show that the modified VA improves the bit error rate. Using a simple model for track misregistration (TMR), the performance of this modified VA in the presence of TMR is also investigated. Based on the simulation results, this modified VA also appears to be more tolerant to TMR than the conventional VA. © 2007 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit-patterned media;  Intertrack interference;  Viterbi algorithm (VA)},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computer simulation;  Mathematical models;  Signal interference;  Viterbi algorithm, Bit-patterned media;  Intertrack interference, Magnetic recording},
references={G. F. Hughes, Patterned media recording systems - The potential and the problems, presented at the Intermag, 2002, Dig. Tech. Papers, GA6; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable rout to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), pp. 23-29. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Hughes, G.F., Read channel for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.M., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn, 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Ntokas, I.T., Nutter, P.W., Middleton, B.K., Evaluation of read channel performance for perpendicular patterned media (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, pp. 437-441; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P.W., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Nabavi, S.; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: snabavi@andrew.cmu.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Terris2007189,
author={Terris, B.D. and Thomson, T. and Hu, G.},
title={Patterned media for future magnetic data storage},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2007},
volume={13},
number={2},
pages={189-196},
doi={10.1007/s00542-006-0144-9},
note={cited By 113},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33751077278&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-006-0144-9&partnerID=40&md5=f57f4f0c9f6c4bcfc9caf2b5452dd603},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={One strategy to delay the onset of superparamagnetism and achieve magnetic storage densities approaching 1 Tb/in.2 is the use of lithographically patterned magnetic media. While one of the main advantages enjoyed by magnetic recording is low cost due to use of featureless media, there are several advantages that may be realized by patterning the medium in a hard disk drive. The commercial success of patterned media will of course depend on the relative costs and gains. In particular, there are three main types of disk patterning proposed, each requiring a different length scale of patterned feature. Patterning of servo marks for maintaining the head position on-track, the fabrication of discrete tracks, and the fabrication of discrete bits have all been proposed and will be discussed. For discrete bit recording single domain magnetic islands are required, and one approach to fabricating these, by depositing magnetic films onto prepatterned substrates, is described. The switching characteristics of the islands as compared to those of the full film, along with initial recording results are presented. © Springer-Verlag 2007.},
keywords={Data recording;  Lithography;  Magnetic films;  Superparamagnetism, Discrete bit recording;  Disk patterning;  Magnetic islands, Hard disk storage},
references={Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl Phys Lett, 80, p. 3409; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl Phys Lett, 81, p. 2875; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39, p. 2323; Bandic, Z.Z., Xu, H., Albrecht, T.R., (2003) Appl Phys Lett, 82, p. 145; Bandic, Z.Z., Xu, H., Hsu, Y.M., Albrecht, T.R., (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39, p. 2231; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.U., (2003) J Appl Phys, 93, p. 8471; Dittrich, R., Hu, G., Schrefl, T., Thomson, T., Suess, D., Terris, B.D., Fidler, J., (2005) J Appl Phys, 97, pp. 10J705; Driskill-Smith, A.A., (2004) Emerging Lithographic Technologies, 8; Proceedings of the SPIE, 5374, p. 16. , Mackay RS (ed); Hu, G., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Hart, M.W., (2004) J Appl Phys, 95, p. 7013; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., (2005) IEEE Trans Magn, 41, p. 3589; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., (2005) J Appl Phys, 97, p. 101702; Hughes, G.F., (2003) IEEE Trans Magn, 39, p. 2564; Ishida, T., Morita, O., Noda, M., Seko, S., Tanaka, S., Ishioka, H., (1993) Ieice Trans Fundam Electron Commu Comput Sci, E76A, p. 1161; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J Magn Magn Mater, 272-276, p. 1692; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans Magn, 37, p. 1652; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl Phys Lett, 78, p. 990; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl Phys Lett, 81, p. 1483; Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.C., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Rodmacq, B., Casali, G., Lebib, A., Dieny, B., (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, p. 1731; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., (2004) Appl Phys Lett, 84, p. 1519; Moser, A., Weller, D., (2001) Thermal Effects in High-density Recording Media in Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, , Plummer M, van Ek J, Weller D (eds) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New york; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S.H., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J Phys D Appl Phys, 35, pp. R157; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans Magn, 37, p. 1649; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans Magn, 38, p. 1725; Ross, C., (2001) Annu Rev Mater Res, 31, p. 203; Sharrock, M.P., McKinney, J.T., (1981) IEEE Trans Magn, 17, p. 3020; Stoev, K., Liu, F., Chen, Y., Dang, X., Luo, P., Chen, J., Wang, J., Yu, M., (2003) J Appl Phys, 93, p. 6552; Sugita, R., Muranoi, T., Nishikawa, M., Nagao, M., (2003) J Appl Phys, 93, p. 7008; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J Phys D Appl Phys, 38, pp. R199; Wachenschwanz, D., Jiang, W., Roddick, E., Homola, A., Dorsey, P., Harper, B., Treves, D., Bajorek, C., (2005) IEEE Trans Magn, 41, p. 670; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans Magn, 35, p. 4423},
correspondence_address1={Terris, B.D.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, , San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: Bruce.Terris@HitachiGST.com},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hosaka2006,
author={Hosaka, S. and Sano, H. and Shirai, M. and Sone, H.},
title={Nanosilicon dot arrays with a bit pitch and a track pitch of 25 nm formed by electron-beam drawing and reactive ion etching for 1 Tbit in.2 storage},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2006},
volume={89},
number={22},
doi={10.1063/1.2400102},
art_number={223131},
note={cited By 44},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33751574077&doi=10.1063%2f1.2400102&partnerID=40&md5=8d66defe6d2d09ac487811a52e1f2a72},
affiliation={Department of Nano Material Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={The formation of very fine Si dots with a bit pitch and a track pitch of less than 25 nm using electron-beam (EB) lithography on ZEP520 and calixarene EB resists and C F4 reactive ion etching has been demonstrated. The experimental results indicate that the calixarene resist is very suitable for forming an ultrahigh-packed bit array pattern of Si dots. This result promises to open the way toward 1 Tbit in.2 storage using patterned media with a dot size of <15 nm. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Arrays;  Electron beam lithography;  Reactive ion etching;  Semiconductor quantum dots, Calixarene;  Electron-beam drawing;  Ultrahigh-packed bit arrays, Semiconducting silicon},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank K. Itoh, S. Watanabe, and M. Noguchi of the Department of Electronic Engineering, Gunma University, for their technical support with regard to the EB drawing. This research was performed as part of the Kiryu Ohta City Area project supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.},
references={Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Mag., 37, p. 1652; Hosaka, S., Shintani, T., Miyamoto, M., Kikukawa, A., Hirotsune, A., Terao, M., Yoshida, M., Kammer, S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 8082; Hosaka, S., Ichihashi, M., Hayakawa, H., Hishi, S., Migitaka, M., (1982) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 21, p. 543; Ogata, S., Tada, M., Yoneda, M., (1994) Appl. Opt., 33, p. 2032; Kojima, Y., Kitahara, H., Katsumura, M., Wada, Y., (1998) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 37, p. 2137; Hosaka, S., Suzuki, T., Yamaoka, M., Katoh, K., Isshiki, F., Miyamoto, M., Miyauchi, Y., Nishida, T., (2002) Microelectron. Eng., 61-62, p. 309; Fujita, J., Ohnishi, Y., Manako, S., Ochiai, Y., Nomura, E., Sakamoto, T., Matsui, S., (1997) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 36, p. 7769; Ishida, M., Fujita, J., Ogurai, T., Ochai, Y., Ohshima, E., Momoda, J., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 42, p. 3913; Hosaka, S., Sano, H., Itoh, K., Sone, H., (2006) Microelectron. Eng., 83, p. 792},
correspondence_address1={Hosaka, S.; Department of Nano Material Systems, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan; email: hosaka@el.gunma-u.ac.jp},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Smith2006801,
author={Smith, D. and E, C. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Magneto-resistive playback heads for bit patterned medium recording applications},
journal={INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2006},
pages={801},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2006.376525},
art_number={4262234},
note={cited By 0; Conference of INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference ; Conference Date: 8 May 2006 Through 12 May 2006;  Conference Code:73126},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50349103193&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2006.376525&partnerID=40&md5=db03079df022b17480137944b4ba10d7},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States},
references={Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, p. 521; Smith, N., Wachenschwanz, D., (1987) IEEE Trans. Mag, 23, p. 2494; Khizroev, S., Bain, J.A., Kryder, M.H., (1997) IEEE Trans. Mag, 33, p. 2893},
correspondence_address1={Smith, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX, United States},
address={San Diego, CA},
isbn={1424414792; 9781424414796},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Richter2006721,
author={Richter, H.J. and Dobin, A.Y. and Gao, K. and Heinonen, O. and Van De Veerdonk, R.J. and Lynch, R.T. and Xue, J. and Weller, D.K. and Asselin, P. and Erden, M.F. and Brockie, R.M.},
title={Recording on bit-patterned media at densities of 1Tb/in2 and beyond},
journal={INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2006},
pages={721},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2006.376445},
art_number={4262154},
note={cited By 7; Conference of INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference ; Conference Date: 8 May 2006 Through 12 May 2006;  Conference Code:73126},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50249141259&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2006.376445&partnerID=40&md5=77a336bd7b3dda57014bf088723d2f4a},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, United States; Seagate Technology, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States},
references={Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199; Hughes, G.F., (2001) Chapter VII in The physics of ultra-high-density magnetic recording, , Eds. M. Plumer, Springer; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, p. 537},
correspondence_address1={Richter, H. J.; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, United States},
address={San Diego, CA},
isbn={1424414792; 9781424414796},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bandić2006,
author={Bandić, Z.Z. and Dobisz, E.A. and Wu, T.-W. and Albrecht, T.R.},
title={Patterned magnetic media: Impact of nanoscale patterning on hard disk drives},
journal={Solid State Technology},
year={2006},
volume={49},
number={9 SUPPL.},
pages={s7-s13+s19},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750394351&partnerID=40&md5=180557126da2871231c8e0d64c5715cf},
affiliation={Hitachi Son Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, United States; Storage System Technology Division, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, United States},
abstract={As the superparamagnetic limit continues to make scaling of conventional magnetic recording technology to higher densities and larger capacities more difficult, novel concepts such as patterned magnetic media are being considered as likely routes to terabit per square inch densities and beyond. Patterned media overcomes the thermal stability problems of conventional magnetic media by implementing single domain magnetic islands for each bit of recorded information. Fabrication of patterned media requires the application of emerging technologies, such as nanoimprint lithography for patterned media disks, and advanced electron beam lithography for master mold fabrication. Practical realization of these new technologies offers challenges in disk fabrication as well as the design of the overall recording system.},
keywords={Hard disk drives;  Magnetic islands;  Nanoscale patterning;  Patterned magnetic media, Density (specific gravity);  Electron beam lithography;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Molds;  Superparamagnetism, Nanotechnology},
references={Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 36; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Weller, D., High K-u materials approach to 100 Gbits/in(2) (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 10; Rothschild, M., Nanopatterning with UV optical lithography (2005) MRS Bulletin, 30, p. 942; Chou, S.Y., Nanoimprint lithography and lithographically induced self-assembly (2001) MRS Bulletin, 26, p. 512; Stewart, M.D., Willson, C.G., Imprint materials for nanoscale devices (2005) MRS Bulletin, 30, p. 947; http://www.optical-disc.com/techmat.techpaper.htm; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys., D38, pp. R199; Hirano, T., Fan, L.S., Gao, J.Q., Lee, W.Y., MEMS milliactuator for hard-disk-drive tracking servo (1998) Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 7, p. 149},
correspondence_address1={Bandić, Z.Z.; Hitachi Son Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States; email: Zvonimir.Bandic@hitachigst.com},
issn={0038111X},
coden={SSTEA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Solid State Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Richter2006,
author={Richter, H.J. and Dobin, A.Y. and Lynch, R.T. and Weller, D. and Brockie, R.M. and Heinonen, O. and Gao, K.Z. and Xue, J. and Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D. and Asselin, P. and Erden, M.F.},
title={Recording potential of bit-patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2006},
volume={88},
number={22},
doi={10.1063/1.2209179},
art_number={222512},
note={cited By 134},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33744816783&doi=10.1063%2f1.2209179&partnerID=40&md5=f6ed759e6c08989b9b4c9f079e0442bf},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; Seagate Technology, 7801 Computer Avenue South, Bloomington, MN 55435, United States; Seagate Technology, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States},
abstract={A comprehensive analysis of the areal density potential of bit-patterned media recording shows that the recording performance is dominated by written-in errors. The statistical fluctuations of the magnetic properties and the locations of the individual bits lead to error probabilities so that some dots are either not recorded at all or cannot be recorded in the time window necessary to ensure synchronized writing. The highest areal densities are obtained with a combination of a pole head, a soft magnetic underlayer, and a storage medium of the composite type. Areal density scenarios of up to 5 Tbits in.2 are analyzed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal density;  Bit-patterned media;  Synchronized writing;  Written-in errors, Bits;  Error analysis;  Magnetic properties;  Recording instruments;  Statistical methods, Density measurement (specific gravity)},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, p. 449; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Hughes, G., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , edited by M. L.Plumer, J.van Ek, and D.Weller (Springer, Heidelberg; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., (2005) J. Phys. D, 38, p. 199; Hughes, G., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2310; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 4327; Yeh, N.H., Wachenschwanz, D., Mei, L., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 776; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 240, p. 599; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41, p. 537; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Yu., (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 081905},
correspondence_address1={Richter, H.J.; Seagate Technology, 47010 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538, United States; email: hans.j.richter@seagate.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ohkubo2006571,
author={Ohkubo, T. and Hirata, M. and Oumi, M. and Nakajima, K. and Hirota, T.},
title={Tracking and readout characteristics of a minute aperture mounted optical head slider flying above a chromium patterned medium},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2006},
volume={12},
number={6},
pages={571-578},
doi={10.1007/s00542-006-0127-x},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645940607&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-006-0127-x&partnerID=40&md5=da12b499548cfd54f76fc03a7ddb475b},
affiliation={Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, 350-8585, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan; Seiko Instruments, Inc., 563 Takatsuka-Shinden, 270-2222, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, Japan; University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={Recent rapid progress in a digital network society necessitates storage devices with higher-density and faster transfer rates. In optical storage, a novel recording principle is eagerly awaited that will drastically improve recording density without being restricted by a wavelength shortening limit or a numerical aperture (NA) limit of the optics utilized. Storage based on the "near-field" principle is thought to be one of the most promising breakthroughs for overcoming various limitations governing traditional optical recording. We have already proposed an integrated optical head slider assembly that relies on the novel near-field principle for its operation; it is mounted on a minute tapered aperture and has a planar focusing lens and a micro silicon mirror. Readout signals corresponding to a 200-nm-long bit have demonstrated a frequency band up to approximately 10 MHz, using a chromium patterned medium. In this study, we have investigated the accuracy of the tracking characteristics of an aperture-mounted head slider by using linearly arranged 1-mm-long line-and-space patterns. Based on the step or inverse step responses that occur when an aperture flies obliquely across the linearly arranged pattern region boundary, we present a simple method of predicting accurate tracking characteristics in detail, and also by using a 350-nm line-and-space pattern signal, we were able to predict both tracking characteristics and tracking sensitivities of arbitrary wide tracks to a track width of 100 nm.},
keywords={Chromium;  Data transfer;  Mirrors;  Optical recording;  Sensitivity analysis;  Silicon, Numerical aperture (NA);  Recording density;  Slider assembly;  Tracking sensitivities, Optical data storage},
references={Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Wolfe, R., Gyorgy, E.M., Finn, P.L., Kryder, M.H., Chang, C.-H., Near-field magneto-optics and high density data storage (1992) Appl Phys Lett, 61, pp. 142-144; Hirata, M., Oumi, M., Nakajima, K., Ohkubo, T., Near-field optical flying head with protruding aperture and its fabrication (2005) J Appl Phys, 44 (5 B), pp. 3519-3523; Ito, K., Kikukawa, A., Hosaka, S., Muranishi, M., A flat probe for a near-field optical head on a slider (1998) Tech Digest of 5th International Conference on Near-Field Opt (NFO-5), pp. 480-481; Isshiki, F., Ito, K., Hosaka, S., 1.5-Mbit/s direct readout of line-and-space patterns using a scanning near-field optical microscopy probe slider with air-bearing control (2000) Appl Phys Lett, 76 (7), pp. 804-806; Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Maeda, H., Oumi, M., Niwa, T., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Itao, K., High-speed readout using small near-field optical head module with horizontal light introduction through optical fiber (2003) Jpn J Appl Phys, 42, pp. 5102-5104; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Hosaka, H., Itao, K., (2000), Optical head and optical data storage. Japanese Patent, Appl no. 2001-249233; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Shinohara, Y., Nakajima, K., Readout signal evaluation of optical flying head slider with visible light-wave guide (2002) Microsys Technol, 8 (2-3), pp. 212-219; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Oumi, M., Nakajima, K., High speed sub-micron bit detection using tapered aperture mounted optical slider flying above a patterned metal medium (2003) Microsys Technol, 9, pp. 413-419; Tanaka, K., Ohkubo, T., Oumi, M., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Hosaka, H., Itao, K., Simulation of simultaneous tracking/data signal detection using novel aperture-mounted surface recording head (2002) Jpn J Appl Phys, 41 (1-3 PART AND B), pp. 1628-1631; Yoshikawa, H., Andoh, Y., Yamanoto, M., Fukuzawa, K., Tamamura, T., Ohkubo, T., 7.5MHz data transfer rate with a planar aperture mounted upon a near-field optical slider (2000) Opt Lett, 25 (1), pp. 67-69},
correspondence_address1={Ohkubo, T.; Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, 350-8585, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan; email: tohkubo@eng.toyo.ac.jp},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hosaka2006792,
author={Hosaka, S. and Sano, H. and Itoh, K. and Sone, H.},
title={Possibility to form an ultrahigh packed fine pit and dot arrays for future storage using EB writing},
journal={Microelectronic Engineering},
year={2006},
volume={83},
number={4-9 SPEC. ISS.},
pages={792-795},
doi={10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.005},
note={cited By 26},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646069022&doi=10.1016%2fj.mee.2006.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=663caed4cb81d5a69639bde2f21653bb},
affiliation={Department of Nano Material Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; Department of Electronic Engineering, Facility of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan},
abstract={Possibility of very fine bit arrays formation for an ultrahigh density optical and magnetic recordings has been researched using electron beam (EB) writing with a high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM), a writing controller and positive and negative electron resists. As experimental results, calixarene negative EB resist is very suitable to form an ultrahigh packed bit arrays pattern. We obtained extremely fine dot arrays with a diameter of &lt;15 nm, and both bit pitch (BP) and track pitch (TP) of &lt;30 nm. The writing pattern promises to open trillion bits/in.2 era. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={EB writing;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nano-pit arrays;  Near-field optical recording;  Patterned media;  Ultrahigh density recording},
keywords={Density (optical);  Optical recording;  Scanning electron microscopy, EB writing;  Nano-dot arrays;  Nano-pit arrays;  Near-field optical recording, Electron beam lithography},
funding_text 1={We thank Mr. S. Watanabe and Mr. M. Noguchi in Dept. of Electronic Eng., Gunma Univ. for technical supports in EB writing. This research was performed in Kiryu Ohta Area project supported by the Ministry of Monbukagaku-sho of Japan.},
references={Hosaka, S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 8082-8086; Hosaka, S., Ichihashi, M., Hayakawa, H., Hishi, S., Migitaka, M., (1982) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 21, pp. 543-549; Fujita, J., Ohnishi, Y., Manako, S., Ochiai, Y., Nomura, E., Sakamoto, T., Matsui, S., (1997) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, pp. 7769-7772; Ishida, M., Fujita, J., Ogurai, T., Ochai, Y., Ohshima, E., Momoda, J., (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 3913-3916; Hosaka, S., (2002) Microelectron. Eng., 61-62, pp. 309-316},
correspondence_address1={Hosaka, S.; Department of Nano Material Systems, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan; email: hosaka@el.gunma-u.ac.jp},
issn={01679317},
coden={MIENE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microelectron Eng},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Small2006,
author={Small, E. and Yang, Y. and Sadeghipour, S.M. and Asheghi, M.},
title={Simulation of the writing on the patterned optical phase-change recording media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2006},
volume={99},
number={3},
doi={10.1063/1.2165411},
art_number={033101},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645530915&doi=10.1063%2f1.2165411&partnerID=40&md5=0352544ed08f5ec05f6d13283fbd9aa1},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States},
abstract={Irregularities in the edge of the bit marks is one of the most critical sources of the noise that lead to timing jitter in optical phase change recording. The maximum linear bit density achievable at a given wavelength and lens numerical aperture is often limited by jitter. Jitter is largely determined by the combined optical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the medium and by the optical quality and recording strategy of the laser beam. Media with a patterned phase-change layer are proposed for controlling the mark edge jitter by making distinct mark edges. The preliminary simulation results from writing on the transverse and longitudinal patterns look promising in producing rectangular bit marks with distinct boundaries. The bit marks written on patterned media also have a smaller size compared to those written on continuous media. An interesting and unexpected result is the disappearance of the crescent-shaped trailing edge in all the bit marks on the patterned media, the shape and existence of which can have a great effect on the trailing edge jitter. Writing on grooved media has also been simulated for further comparison. In the present investigation a simulation code is developed using commercial finite element analysis software for the heat transfer simulation, with a custom-integrated crystallization model. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Optical phase change recording;  Optical quality, Computer simulation;  Crystallization;  Finite element method;  Jitter;  Laser beams;  Pattern recognition, Optical recording},
references={Peng, C., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 82, p. 4183; Miyamoto, M., (1998) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 4, p. 826; Meinder, E.R., Borg, H.J., Lankhorst, M., Hellmig, J., Mijiritskii, A.V., Dekker, M.J., (2001) Proceedings of the Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 25-27. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Miao, X.S., Chong, T.C., Shi, L.P., Tan, P.K., Li, J.M., Lim, K.G., Hu, X., (2001) Proceedings of the Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 190-192. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Li, J.M., Shi, L.P., Lim, K.G., Miao, X.S., Zhao, R., Cong, T.C., (2003) Proceedings of the Optical Data Storage Conference, pp. 214-216. , Vancouver, Canada, 11-14 May; Nishi, Y., Kando, H., Terao, M., (2001) Proceedings of the Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 46-48. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Sheila, A.C., (2001), Ph.D. dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University; Nilsson, M., Heydari, B., Breaking the Limit-patterned Media for 100 Gbit and Beyond, pp. 93-96. , http://www.obducat.com/pdf/PatternedPaper.pdf, Datatech; http://oemagazine.com/fromTheMagazine/aug05/feature.html; http://oemagazine.com/fromTheMagazine/aug03/tutorial.html; Miyagawa, N., (1993) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, 32, p. 5324; Borg, H.J., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 93, p. 519; Qiang, W., Cong, T.C., Shi, L.P., Tan, P.K., Miao, X.S., (2001) Proceedings of the Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 43-45. , Santa Fe, New Mexico, April; (2004) Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and R&D Exposition, , Anaheim, CA, 13-19 November Paper No. IMECE2003-41565; Yang, Y., Li, C.-T., Sadeghipour, S.M., Asheghi, M., Dieker, H., Wuttig, M., (2005) Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, , San Francisco, CA, 17-22 July Paper No. HT2005-72679; Peng, C., (2000) Appl. Opt., 39, p. 2347; Sahni, P.S., (1983) Phys. Rev. B, 28, p. 2705},
correspondence_address1={Asheghi, M.; Data Storage Systems Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: masheghi@andrew.cmu.edu},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Fidler2006312,
author={Fidler, J. and Schrefl, T. and Suess, D. and Ertl, O. and Kirschner, M. and Hrkac, G.},
title={Full micromagnetics of recording on patterned media},
journal={Physica B: Condensed Matter},
year={2006},
volume={372},
number={1-2},
pages={312-315},
doi={10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.074},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30844463454&doi=10.1016%2fj.physb.2005.10.074&partnerID=40&md5=94553aa54ada9bb15a12b52edb197cfa},
affiliation={Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics, Austria; Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria},
abstract={Numerical micromagnetics of the bit writing process revealed the theoretical limits for remanence, coercive field, switching behaviour at a short time scale of less than 1 ns for patterned recording media. We discuss our recent results concerning the influence of the granular microstructure on the fast switching processes of typical CoCrPtX, FePt and CoPd thin films used for high density magnetic recording with longitudinal and perpendicular anisotropy. In detail, we will show that the degree of the exchange coupling between neighbouring grains, the grain size and its distribution and the offset between recording head and bit structure finally control the magnetization reversal properties of the individual bits.},
author_keywords={Magnetic switching;  Numerical micromagnetics;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Coercive force;  Grain size and shape;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Microstructure;  Nanostructured materials;  Remanence;  Thin films, Magnetic switching;  Numerical micromagnetics;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={European CommissionEuropean Commission, EC, G5RD-CT-2002-00731},
funding_details={Austrian Science FundAustrian Science Fund, FWF, Y132PHY},
funding_text 1={The work has partly been supported by the EC Growth project HIDEMAR (Contract# G5RD-CT-2002-00731) and partly by the Austrian Science Fund project Y132PHY.},
references={Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226, p. 1708; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, p. 449; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8327; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2323; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Baglin, J.E.E., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 279; Dittrich, R., Schrefl, T., Suess, D., Scholz, W., Fidler, J., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2507; Carcia, P.F., Meinhaldt, A.D., (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., 47, p. 178},
correspondence_address1={Fidler, J.; Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria; email: josef.fidler@tuwien.ac.at},
issn={09214526},
coden={PHYBE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Phys B Condens Matter},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Smith2006,
author={Smith, D. and Chunsheng, E. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Magnetoresistive playback heads for bit-patterned medium recording applications},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2006},
volume={99},
number={1},
doi={10.1063/1.2150147},
art_number={014503},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30944459891&doi=10.1063%2f1.2150147&partnerID=40&md5=90462aed4a686e6bb52ec10ea9bd8ed8},
affiliation={Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States},
abstract={This work examines playback characteristics of common magnetoresistive heads applied in magnetic recording systems based on bit-patterned medium. Playback for different head designs is evaluated using the reciprocity principle. Analytical solution for a pointlike reader is used to elucidate the playback resolution limits for a given patterned medium morphology. Various recording system design parameters including recording layer design (thickness, bit geometry, and bit-to-bit spacing), exchange/buffer layer thickness, soft underlayers, and fly height are examined. Differential readers are shown to offer significantly higher spatial resolution, higher signal amplitude, and the weakest dependence on fly-height variations and bit geometry. For example, for a 1 Tb in2 reader design considered, D50 is 1.46 and 2.64 Tb in2 for shielded and differential readers, respectively; differential readers have more than 35% higher playback amplitude than equivalent shielded readers. The loss in playback amplitude can be as high 18% due to bit-corner rounding (lithography imperfections) for shielded readers; differential readers exhibit only a weak dependence on bit-corner rounding (±2%-3%). Pseudodifferential readers with a single-sensor element are shown to offer advantages similar to the advantages of conventional double-sensor differential readers while addressing manufacturability issues. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Playback;  Spatial resolutions;  Underlayers, Differential amplifiers;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetoresistance;  Product design;  Sensors, Magnetic heads},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECS-0401297, ECS-0404308, ECS-0421255},
funding_details={Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAir Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to express their gratitude to Paul Frank of INSIC and Dieter Weller of Seagate Technology for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the grants from National Science Foundation (ECS-0404308, ECS-0421255, and ECS-0401297), Information Storage Industry Consortium, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research.},
references={Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Smith, D., Wolfe, J., Khizroev, S., Weller, D., Litvinov, D., (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98, p. 1; Hunt, R.P., (1971) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-7, p. 150; Fan, G.J.Y., (1960) J. Appl. Phys., 31, pp. 402S; Indeck, R.S., Judy, J.H., Iwasaki, S., (1988) IEEE Trans. Magn., 24, p. 2617; Gill, S.H., Hesterman, V.W., Tarnopolsky, G.J., Tran, L.T., Frank, P.D., Hamilton, H., (1989) J. Appl. Phys., 65, p. 402; Wilton, D.T., Mapps, D.J., (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29, p. 4182; Mallinson, J.C., (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., 26, p. 1123; Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 264, p. 275; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 9155; Smith, N., Wachenschwanz, D., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-23, p. 2494; Khizroev, S.K., Bain, J.A., Kryder, M.H., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 2893; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , University Press, Cambridge; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1719; Integrated Engineering Software, , AMPERES (Winnipeg, Canada); Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 241, p. 453; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 4521; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 232, p. 84; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 257, p. 126; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
correspondence_address1={Smith, D.; Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , Houston, TX 77204, United States},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chunsheng20062411,
author={Chunsheng, E. and Smith, D. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Micromagnetics of magnetization reversal in patterned magnetic recording medium},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2006},
volume={42},
number={10},
pages={2411-2413},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.878397},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008050970&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.878397&partnerID=40&md5=740eb606ba772bbc44b556f51302835b},
affiliation={Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, 94538, United States},
abstract={Selected aspects of the recording physics of data storage systems based on patterned magnetic recording medium are discussed. The micromagnetic study of the magnetization reversal in patterned magnetic recording medium is presented. The effects of bit size, head/medium misregistration, bit-to-bit spacing, soft underlayer (SUL) patterning, and side wall roughness on magnetization reversal are explored. The results offer the guidelines for the design and optimization of patterned magnetic recording medium. © 2006, IEEE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit magnetization reversal;  micromagnetics;  patterned medium recording},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECS-0401297, ECS-0404308, ECS-0421255},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank High Performance Computing Center of University of Houston for enabling an efficient use of the Center resources and their superb technical support. In addition, the authors would like to thank M. Minardi of Hitachi GST and P. Frank of INSIC for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation (ECS-0404308, ECS-0421255, ECS-0401297), Information Storage Industry Consortium, and Air Force Office of Sponsored Research.},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35-Nm diameter and 65-Gbits/in2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, pp. 6673-6675; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., Recording characteristics of sub-micron discrete magnetic tracks (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, pp. 3690-3692; Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Iwasaki, S., Takemura, K., An analysis for the circular mode of magnetization in short wavelength recording (1975) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-11, pp. 1173-1175; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y.J., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Physics of patterned magnetic medium recording: Design considerations (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98; Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E., On the theory of the dispersion of magnetic permeability in ferromagnetic bodies (1935) Phys. Z. Sowjetunion, 8, p. 153; Gilbert, T.L., A Lagrangian formulation of the gyromagnetic equation of the magnetization field (1955) Phys. Rev., 100, p. 1243},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nishikawa20062612,
author={Nishikawa, M. and Wakamatsu, S. and Ichikawa, K. and Nagao, M. and Ishioka, T. and Yasunaga, T.},
title={Potential of Servo Pattern Printing on PMR Media with High-Density Servo Signal Pattern},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2006},
volume={42},
number={10},
pages={2612-2614},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.880466},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008048134&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.880466&partnerID=40&md5=66a07f6c986f95dd4d47fdb61161e8c5},
affiliation={R and D Laboratories, Recording Media Products Division, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Odawara, 250-0001, Japan; Production Engineering and Development Division., R and D Management, Headquarters, Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd., Odawara, 250-0001, Japan; Department of Media and Telecommunication Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan},
abstract={Servo pattern printing (SPP) is recognized as a candidate for the future high resolution and high throughput servo track writing method. In terms of the application to perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media, there are two methods of SPP, “edge printing (EP)” and “bit printing (BP),” which use horizontal and vertical external field during printing process, respectively. Comparing between EP and BP, EP has higher potential for the PMR application, because of the properties of a dc-free signal, a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and smaller repeatable run out (RRO) from 8th to 19th order than a conventional head writing method. In the simulation, the less write-fringe of the recorded bits was confirmed as the benefits of EP. The most recent experiment demonstrated 55-nm bit length (BL) with adequate read back signal and EP is considered to have adaptability to the areal density beyond 48 Gbits/cm2 (300 Gbpsi). © 2006, IEEE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={(RRO);  Hard disk drive;  magnetic printing;  patterned master;  perpendicular magnetic recording media;  repeatable run out;  servo track writing},
references={Nagao, M., Kubota, H., Nishikawa, M., Yasunaga, T., Komine, T., Sugita, R., Performance and potential of high-density bit recording using patterned master contact duplication (2005) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 5, pp. 120-124. , Aug; Saito, A., Ono, T., Takenoiri, S., Magnetic printing technique for perpendicular thin-film media with coercivity of up to 10000 Oe (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (9), pp. 2234-2236. , Sep; Suzuki, H., Komoriya, H., Nakamura, Y., Hirahara, T., Yasunaga, T., Nishikawa, M., Nagao, M., Magnetic duplication for precise servo writing on magnetic disks (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (7), pp. 2528-2530. , Jul; Izumi, A., Nagahama, Y., Komine, T., Sugita, R., Muranoi, T., Nagao, T., Nishikawa, M., Yasunaga, T., Simulation of magnetic contact duplication for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2006) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 30, pp. 184-187. , Mar; Hamaguchi, T., Ichihara, T., Takano, H., An accurate head-positioning signal for perpendicular recording using a dc-free servo pattern (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 8697-8699. , May},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suharyadi20062972,
author={Suharyadi, E. and Kato, T. and Tsunashima, S. and Iwata, S.},
title={Magnetic Properties of Patterned Co/Pd Nanostructures by E-Beam Lithography and Ga Ion Irradiation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2006},
volume={42},
number={10},
pages={2972-2974},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.880076},
note={cited By 28},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008008494&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.880076&partnerID=40&md5=803d84d676e3fe8acadcf3f39e06be62},
affiliation={Venture Business Laboratory (VBL), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; CCRAST, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan},
abstract={Patterned Co/Pd perpendicular magnetic multilayers using e-beam lithography followed by Ga ion irradiation have been successfully fabricated. Perpendicularly magnetized squared-bits with lateral sizes of 200 to 500 nm were separated by ion-irradiated area, magnetic force microscopy images showed that the most of the patterned squared-bits with size of 200 nm have either uniformly bright or dark magnetic contrasts. Magnetization curves of patterned Co/Pd films were strongly influenced by the bit size and spacing between bits and indicated the existence of exchange coupling between the bits via irradiated spacing. The reduction of exchange stiffness of irradiated area was found to be crucial, to achieve high density in ion-irradiated media. © 2006, IEEE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Co/Pd multilaver film;  e-beam lithography;  exchange coupling;  ion-irradiation-patterned media;  netic anisotropy;  perpendicular mag},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Sci. & Technology of Japan under a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research.},
references={Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by Ion Irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922. , Jun; Ferre’, J., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.-P., Meyer, P., Kaitanov, O., Lemerle, S., Launois, H., Irradiation induced effects on magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt ultrathin films (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, pp. 191-193. , Jun; Aign, T., Meyer, P., Lemerle, S., Jamet, J.-P., Ferre, J., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Magnetization Reversal in Arrays of Perpendicularly Magnetized Ultrathin Dots Coupled by Dipolar Interaction (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, pp. 5656-5659. , Dec; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1725-1730. , Jul; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Magnetic block array for patterned magnetic media (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78 (6), pp. 784-786. , Feb; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, pp. 403-405. , Jul; Abes, M., Venuat, J., Muller, D., Carvalho, A., Schmerber, G., Beau-repaire, E., Dinia, A., Pierron-Bohnes, V., Magnetic patterning using ion irradiation for highly ordered CoPt alloys with perpendicular anisotropy (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 96, pp. 7420-7423. , Dec; Suharyadi, E., Natsume, S., Kato, T., Tsunashima, S., Iwata, S., Microstructures and magnetic properties of the FIB irradiated Co-Pd mul-tilayer films (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41 (10), pp. 3595-3597. , Oct; Hubert, A., Schafer, R., Magnetic Domains: The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructure (1998), pp. 291-354. , Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Richter20062255,
author={Richter, H.J. and Dobin, A.Y. and Heinonen, O. and Gao, K.Z. and Veerdonk, R.J.M.V.D. and Lynch, R.T. and Xue, J. and Weller, D. and Asselin, P. and Erden, M.F. and Brockie, R.M.},
title={Recording on Bit-Patterned Media at Densities of 1 Tb/in2 and Beyond},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2006},
volume={42},
number={10},
pages={2255-2260},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.878392},
note={cited By 263},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008008359&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.878392&partnerID=40&md5=dd19ddc288be04394657350c5d76db9f},
affiliation={Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, 94538, United States; Seagate Technology, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222, United States; Seagate Technology, Bloomington, MN, 55435, United States},
abstract={We present a comprehensive analysis of the areal density potential of a bit-patterned media recording. The recording performance is dominated by written-in errors rather than traditional signal-to-noise considerations. Written-in errors are caused by statistical fluctuations of the magnetic properties and the locations of the individual dots. The highest areal densities are obtained with a combination of a pole head, a soft magnetic underlayer, and a storage medium of the composite type. Areal density scenarios of up to 5 Tb/in2 are analyzed. © 2006, IEEE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Composite media;  patterned media recording;  write synchronization;  written-in errors},
references={Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording-advances, issues and extensibility (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 287, pp. 449-458. , Feb; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., Disk recording beyond 100 Gb/in2: Hybrid recording? (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 4503-5398. , May; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: Viable route to 50 Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , pt. 2 Jan; Hughes, G., Patterned Media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M. Plumer, J. van Ek, and D. Weller, Eds. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Appl. Phys. D, 38, pp. R199-R222. , June; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (11), pp. 4327-4334. , Nov; Yeh, N.H., Wachenschwanz, D., Mei, L., Optimal head design and characterization from a media perspective (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (2), pp. 776-781. , pt. 1 Mar; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, A., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Recording performance on high-density patterned perpendicular media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 3409-3411. , May; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1948) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A240, pp. 599-642. , May; Victora, R.H., Shen, X., Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (2), pp. 537-542. , Feb; Richter, H.J., Dobin, A.Y., Analysis of magnetization processes in composite media grains (2006) Appl. Phys., , in press; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Tb per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42. , Jan; Rottmayer, R., Zhu, J.G., A new design for an ultra-high density magnetic recording head using a GMR sensor in CPP mode (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (6), pp. 2259-2597. , pt. 1 Nov; Klaassen, K.B., Xing, X., van Peppen, J.C.L., Broad-band noise spectroscopy of giant magnetoresistive read heads (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (7), pp. 2307-2317. , Jul; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., 1 Tb/in2 perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1719-1724. , Jul; McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Sendur, W.A.K., Issues in heat-assisted perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 1972-1979. , pt. 1 Jul},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Smith20062285,
author={Smith, D. and Chunsheng, E. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={The Influence of Bit Patterned Medium Design and Imperfections on Magnetoresistive Playback},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2006},
volume={42},
number={10},
pages={2285-2287},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2006.880458},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-52949085034&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2006.880458&partnerID=40&md5=582a7f30eee041f2ad6f133cde019041},
affiliation={Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston., TX, 77204, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, United States},
abstract={Magnetoresistive playback off bit patterned magnetic recording media is studied. Three playback configurations are compared: not shielded sensors, shielded sensors commonly used in magnetic recording systems, and shielded differential sensors. Influence of patterned medium parameters including bit-filling ratio, bit shape, bit position jitter, bit-size variation on the playback signal is studied. Playback signal amplitude, D50, and signal-to-noise ratio are used to compare different playback sensor configurations. It is found that in general, shielded differential readers offer superior performance as compared to both shielded single sensor readers and not shielded readers. © 2006, IEEE. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit patterned medium recording;  differential playback heads;  magnetic recording;  magnetoresistive playback},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECS-0401297, ECS-0404308, ECS-0421255},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to express their gratitude to P. Frank of INSIC and D. Weller of Seagate Technology for insightful discussions. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant ECS-0404308, Grant ECS-0421255, and Grant ECS-0401297, in part by the Information Storage Industry Consortium, NSTAR Program, and in part by the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research.},
references={Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Patterning of granular magnetic media with a focused ion beam to produce single-domain islands at >140 Gbit/in(2) (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), pp. 1649-1651. , Jul; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Parekh, V., Ruiz, C.E.A., Craver, B., Wolfe, J., Litvinov, D., Fabrication and magnetic properties of nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Smith, D., Khizroev, C.E.S., Litvinov, D., Magnetoresistive play-back heads for bit-patterned medium recording applications (2006) J. Appl. Phys., 99; Smith, C.E.D., Wolfe, J., Weller, D., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Physics of patterned magnetic medium recording: Design considerations (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 98; Hunt, R.P., A magnetoresistive readout transducer (1971) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-7 (1), pp. 150-154. , Mar; Wilton, D.T., Mapps, D.J., An analysis of a shielded magnetic-pole for perpendicular recording (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29, pp. 4182-4193; Mallinson, J.C., Gradiometer head pulse shapes (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., 26 (2), pp. 1123-1129. , Mar; Trindade, I.G., Kryder, M.H., Narrow-track differential head: Performance on longitudinal and perpendicular disk media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1814-1820. , Jul; Smith, N., Wachenschwanz, D., Magnetoresistive heads and reciprocity principle (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-23 (5), pp. 2494-2496. , Sep; Litvinov, D., Khizroev, S., Overview of magneto-resistive probe heads for nanoscale magnetic recording applications (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 264, pp. 275-283; Khizroev, S.K., Bain, J.A., Kryder, M.H., Considerations in the design of probe heads for 100 Gbit/in(2) recording density (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (5), pp. 2893-2895. , Sep; Amperes, , 5th ed. Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., One terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1719-1724. , Jul; Svedberg, E.B., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Magnetic force microscopy study of perpendicular media: Signal-to-noise determination and transition noise analysis (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, pp. 5365-5370; Mian, G., Howell, T.D., Determining a signal-to-noise ratio for an arbitrary data sequence by a time-domain analysis (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29 (6), pp. 3999-4001. , Nov},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Litvinov2006249,
author={Litvinov, D. and E, Ch. and Parekh, V. and Smith, D. and Rantschler, J. and Zhang, S. and Donner, W. and Lee, T.R. and Ruchhoeft, P. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S.},
title={Design and fabrication of high anisotropy nanoscale bit-patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (invited)},
journal={ECS Transactions},
year={2006},
volume={3},
number={25},
pages={249-258},
doi={10.1149/1.2753257},
note={cited By 4; Conference of 9th International Symposium on Magnetic Materials, Processes and Devices - 210th ECS Meeting ; Conference Date: 31 October 2006 Through 2 November 2006;  Conference Code:72270},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-45449092858&doi=10.1149%2f1.2753257&partnerID=40&md5=44349787d037ef0e2851c122ba859875},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engmeering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Materials Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA, United States; Electrical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States},
abstract={Design considerations for bit-patterned magnetic medium for next generation data storage systems is presented. (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers are evaluated as candidates for bit-patterned medium recording layer materials for their high and easily tunable magnetic anisotropy Optimized patterned multilayers used in this study had coercivities in excess of 12-14kOe. Bit patterning was accomplished using ion-beam proximity printing, a highthroughput direct write lithography where a large array of ion beamlets shaped by a stencil mask is used to write an arbitrary device pattern. It is found that the nature of magnetization reversal strongly depends on bit edge imperfections and is likely to contribute to switching field distribution copyright The Electrochemical Society.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Ion beams;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization reversal;  Nanomagnetics, Bit-patterned medium;  Data storage applications;  Data storage systems;  Design considerations;  Direct-write lithography;  Magnetic recording medium;  Proximity printing;  Switching field distribution, Magnetic multilayers},
references={Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (1), p. 4; Lu, P.L., Charap, S., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30 (6), p. 4230; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; D. Clark, in Wall Street Journal (New York, NY, 2005), pp. B.7; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakh, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4), p. 1719; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36 (2), p. 521; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., Hughes, G.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys, 85 (8), p. 5318; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 91 (10), p. 6845; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19 (6), p. 2529; Wolfe, J.C., Pendharkar, S.V., Ruchhoeft, P., Sen, S., Morgan, M.D., Home, W.E., Tiberio, R.C., Randall, J.N., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14 (6), p. 3896; J.C. Lodder, D. D Wind, G.E v Dorssen, T J A Pompa, and A. Hubert, IEEE Trans. Magn. 23, 214 (1987); Lu, B., Weller, D., Ju, G.P., Sunder, A., Karns, D., Wu, M.L., Wu, X.W., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (4), p. 1908; Weller andA Moser, D., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn, 35 (6), p. 4423; Klemmer, T., Hoydick, D., Okumura, H., Zhang, B., Soffa, W.A., (1995) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 33 (10-11), p. 1793; Cheong, B., Laughlin, D.E., (1993) Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 29 (6), p. 829; Judy, J.H., (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 287, p. 16; Carcia, P.F., (1988) J. Appl. Phys, 63 (10), p. 5066; Brucker, C.F., (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 70 (10), p. 6065; Brucker, C., Nolan, T., Lu, B., Kubota, Y., Plumer, M., Lu, P.L., Cronch, R., Chen, D., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn, 39 (2), p. 673; Chunsheng, E, D, Smith, J.; Wolfe, D; Weller, S ; Khizroev, and D. Litvinov, J. Appl. Phys. 98(1) (2005); Chang, C.H., Kryder, M.H., (1994) J. Appl. Phys, 75 (10), p. 6864; Litvinov, D., Roscamp, T., Klemmer, T.J., Wu, M., Howard, J.K., Khizroev, S., (2001) Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 674, pp. T3.9; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 231 (1-2), p. 84; Roy, A.G., Laughhn, D.E., Klemmer, T.J., Howard, K., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2001) J. Appl. Phys, 89 (11), p. 7531; Scheinfein, M.R., Micromagnetic, L.L.G., (2005) Simulator; Stumbo, D.P., Damm, G.A., Sen, S., Engler, D.W., Fong, F.O., Wolfe, J.C., Oro, J.A., (1991) J. Vac Sci. Technol. B, 9 (6), p. 3597; Han, K.P., Xu, W.D., Ruiz, A., Ruchhoeft, P., Chellam, S., (2005) Journal Of Membrane Science, 249 (1-2), p. 193; Word, M.J., Adesida, I., Berger, P.R., (2003) J. Vac Sci. Technol. B, 21 (6), pp. L12; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., (2006) Nanotechnology, 17 (9), p. 2079; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Rousseaux, F., (1998) Science, 280 (5371), p. 1919; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 249 (3), p. 452; J.F Ziegler,SRIM/TRIM(2003); Ch, E., Smith, D., Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2006) J. Appl. Phys, 99 (11); Cmal, M., Edwards, D.M., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55 (6), p. 3636},
correspondence_address1={Litvinov, D.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX, United States},
sponsors={Electrochemical Society, Electrodeposition Division},
publisher={Electrochemical Society Inc.},
address={Cancun},
issn={19385862},
isbn={9781566775601},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={ECS Transactions},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Chunsheng2006242,
author={Chunsheng, E. and Rantschler, J. and Zhang, S. and Lee, T.R. and Smith, D. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Annealing study of (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers for applications in bit-patterned magnetic recording media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings},
year={2006},
volume={961},
pages={242-248},
doi={10.1557/proc-0961-o01-06},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2006 MRS Fall Meeting ; Conference Date: 27 November 2006 Through 1 December 2006;  Conference Code:71604},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-40949126124&doi=10.1557%2fproc-0961-o01-06&partnerID=40&md5=8fb660df123a0be7461ae5f706cc9594},
affiliation={Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Materials Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Seagate, Fremont, TX 94538, United States; Electrical Engineering, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States},
abstract={This work presents an annealing study of high-anisotropy (Co/Pd)N magnetic multilayers designed for bit-patterned medium recording applications. Magnetic multilayers were deposited by magnetron sputtering at 2.5mT argon pressure at room temperature and annealed at different temperatures (up to 250°C) for up to 2 hours in atmosphere and in vacuum. Depending on the annealing time, the samples annealed in atmosphere exhibited two distinct modes of magnetization reversal. In samples annealed for a time shorter than some critical time, tc, where tc is a function of the annealing temperature, the magnetization reversal occurs by domain wall injection and propagation. In samples annealed for times longer then tc, the magnetization reversal mode switches to magnetization rotation. Using XPS, it is found that the transition is accompanied by the formation of oxidizes at the grain boundaries leading to exchange decoupling of the grains. In samples annealed at higher temperatures, the increases of the coercivity of as high as 30 times the coercivity of as prepared samples are observed. Significantly, annealing in vacuum showed only small modification of magnetic properties as manifested by relatively minor modifications of vertical M-H loops and unchanged morphology of domain patterns in ac demagnetized state. © 2007 Materials Research Society.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Annealing;  Cobalt;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ac demagnetized state, Magnetic multilayers},
references={Brucker, C.F., High-Coercivity Co/Pd Multilayer Films By Heavy Inert-Gas Sputtering (1991) J. Appl. Phys, 70, pp. 6065-6067; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doerner, M.F., High K-u materials approach to 100 Gbits/in (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn, 36, pp. 10-15; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., Rotation and wall propagation in multidomain Co/Pd islands (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn, 41, pp. 3589-3591; Parekh, V., Chunsheng, E., Smith, D., Ruiz, A., Wolfe, J.C., Ruchhoeft, P., Svedberg, E., Litvinov, D., Fabrication of a high anisotropy nanoscale patterned magnetic recording medium for data storage applications (2006) Nanotechnology, 17, pp. 2079-2082; Denbroeder, F.J.A., Kuiper, D., Draaisma, H.J.G., Effects of Annealing and IonImplantation on the Magnetic-Properties of Pd/Co Multilayers Containing Ultrathin Co (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn, 23, pp. 3696-3698; Viegas, A.D.C., Schelp, L.F., Schmidt, J.E., Magnetostriction in Ar(+)Implanted and Annealed Co/Pd Multilayers (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn, 31, pp. 4106-4108; Yamane, H., Maeno, Y., Kobayashi, M., Annealing Effects on Multilayered Co/Pt and Co/Pd Sputtering Films (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett, 62, pp. 1562-1564; Litvinov, D., Roscamp, T., Klemmer, T.J., Wu, M., Howard, J.K., Khizroev, S., Co/Pd multilayers for perpendicular recording media (2001) Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 674, pp. T3.9; Simsa, Z., Zemek, J., Simsova, J., Dehaan, P., Lodder, C., Kerr Rotation and Xps Spectra of Co/Pd Multilayers (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn, 30, pp. 951-953; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.U., Angular dependence of the switching field of thin-film longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording media (2002) J. Appl. Phys, 92, pp. 4553-4559; Ulbrich, T.C., Makarov, D., Hu, G., Guhr, I.L., Suess, D., Schrefl, T., Albrecht, M., Magnetization reversal in a novel gradient nanomaterial (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett, 96; Sharrock, M.P., McKinney, J.T., Kinetic Effects in Coercivity Measurements (1981) IEEE Trans. Magn, 17, pp. 3020-3022; Victora, R.H., Predicted Time-Dependence of the Switching Field for Magnetic-Materials (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett, 63, pp. 457-460},
correspondence_address1={Chunsheng, E.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, , Houston, TX 77204, United States},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={02729172},
isbn={9781604234138},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Xiao2006,
author={Xiao, P. and Yuan, Z. and Kuan Lee, H. and Guo, G.},
title={Bit-array alignment effect of perpendicular SOMA media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2006},
volume={303},
number={2 SPEC. ISS.},
pages={e6-e10},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.01.117},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646243251&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2006.01.117&partnerID=40&md5=6948fafa322570d6ee24c9a4530eff6b},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117608, Singapore},
abstract={One effective way to overcome the superparamagnetic limit of magnetic recording system is to reduce the grain number per bit at given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level by using uniformed media grains. The self organized magnetic array (SOMA) is designed to have uniform grains with perfect grain array structure. It is believed that high enough SNR with small number of grains per bit can be acheived. But in the engineering application, the recorded bit on SOMA media may align with the regular array at different locations and angles due to non-grain synchronized writing, skew angle, and circular track. This induces the bit-array alignment effect and degrades system performance of SOMA media. In this paper, the micromagnetic simulation results show that the bit array alignment effect causes large level SNR fluctuation on the same media. The SOMA media is not preferred to be used in the conventional recording configuration. It is only suitable for the configuration of patterned media. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Bit-array alignment;  Easy-axis;  Exchange coupling;  Perpendicular recording;  SNR;  SOMA},
keywords={Arrays;  Computer simulation;  Magnetic materials;  Superparamagnetism, Bit-array alignment;  Easy-axis;  Exchange coupling;  Perpendicular recording;  SNR;  SOMA, Magnetic recording},
references={Plumer, M.L., van EK, J., Weller, D., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , Springer, Berlin; Lindholm, D.A., (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-13 (5); Zhu, J.-G., Bertram, H.N., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63 (8); Jin, Z., Wang, X., Bertram, H.N., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30 (5)},
correspondence_address1={Xiao, P.; Data Storage Institute, , Singapore, 117608, Singapore; email: PeiYing.Xiao@Seagate.com},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ohkubo2005,
author={Ohkubo, T. and Hirata, M. and Oumi, M. and Nakajima, K. and Hirota, T.},
title={Tribological and micro-optical characteristics of a minute aperture mounted miniaturized optical head slider},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2005},
volume={6050},
doi={10.1117/12.648823},
art_number={60500C},
note={cited By 3; Conference of Optomechatronic Micro/Nano Devices and Components ; Conference Date: 5 December 2005 Through 7 December 2005;  Conference Code:66905},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645095727&doi=10.1117%2f12.648823&partnerID=40&md5=719a7596424962ecc86cc31d2d67f0bf},
affiliation={Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; Seiko Instruments Inc., 563, Takatsuka-Shinden, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 270-2222, Japan; University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan},
abstract={Recent rapid progress in a digital network society necessitates storage devices with higher-density and faster transfer rates. In optical storage, a novel recording principle is eagerly awaited that will drastically improve recording density without being restricted by a wavelength shortening limit or a numerical aperture (N.A.) limit of the optics utilized. Storage based on the "near-field" principle is thought to be one of the most promising breakthroughs for overcoming various tough limitations governing traditional optical recording. From this perspective, we have already proposed an integrated optical head slider assembly that relies on the novel near-field principle for its operation; it is mounted on a minute tapered aperture and has a planar focusing lens and a micro silicon mirror. Readout signals corresponding to a 200-nm-long bit have demonstrated a frequency band up to approximately 10 MHz, using a chromium patterned medium. In this study, we have investigated a tribological (glide height) property and flying stability of a miniaturized 1.5-mm-long optical head slider by using acoustic emission sensor signal and readout signal from the medium. We have also evaluated detecting performance separately using traditional 3.2-mm-long slider and a chromium patterned medium whose bit patterns are accurately scored with bit lengths less than 100 nm using electron beam lithography including reactive ion etching. We have confirmed stable flying performance of 1.5-mm-long slider assembly and furthermore, ability of detecting sub-100-nm long bit patterns.},
author_keywords={Flying Head Slider;  Glide Height;  Minute Aperture;  Near-Field;  Patterned Medium},
keywords={Chromium;  Data storage equipment;  Mirrors;  Optical recording;  Silicon, Flying Head Sliders;  Glide Height;  Minute Aperture;  Near-Field;  Patterned Medium, Microoptics},
references={Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Wolfe, R., Gyorgy, E.M., Finn, P.L., Kryder, M.H., Chang, C.H., Near-field magneto-optics and high density data storage (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, pp. 142-144; Knight, G., (1998) Beyond the Superparamagnetic Limit: Near-field Recording, pp. 23-30. , Data Storage, Feb; Ito, K., Kikukawa, A., Hosaka, S., Muranishi, M., A flat probe for a near-field optical head on a slider (1998) Tech. Digest of 5th Int. Conf. Near-field Opt. (NFO-5), pp. 480-481; Isshiki, F., Ito, K., Hosaka, S., 1.5-Mbit/s direct readout of line-and-space patterns using a scanning near-field optical microscopy probe slider with air-bearing control (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76 (7), pp. 804-806; Yoshikawa, H., Andoh, Y., Yamanoto, M., Fukuzawa, K., Tamamura, T., Ohkubo, T., 7.5MHz data transfer rate with a planar aperture mounted upon a near-field optical slider (2000) Opt. Lett., 25 (1), pp. 67-69; Ohkubo, T., Hashimoto, M., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Mechanical characteristics of an optical flying head assembly with visible light-wave guide flexure (2000) J. Info. Storage Proc. Syst., 2, pp. 323-330; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Shinohara, Y., Nakajima, K., Readout signal evaluation of optical flying head slider with visible light-wave guide (2002) Microsys. Technol., 8 (2-3), pp. 212-219; Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Maeda, H., Oumi, M., Niwa, T., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Itao, K., High-speed readout using small near-field optical head module with horizontal light introduction through optical fiber (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 5102-5104; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Ohmi, M., Nakajima, K., High speed sub-micron bit detection using tapered aperture mounted optical slider flying above a patterned metal medium (2003) Microsys. Trchnol., 9, pp. 413-419; Hirata, M., Oumi, M., Nakajima, K., Ohkubo, T., Near-field optical flying head with protruding aperture and its fabrication (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 44 (5 B), pp. 3519-3523},
correspondence_address1={Ohkubo, T.; Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; email: tohkubo@eng.toyo.ac.jp},
editor={Katagiri Y.},
sponsors={SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Hokkaido University, Japan; Sapporo International Plaza, Japan},
address={Sappora},
issn={0277786X},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Small2005579,
author={Small, E. and Reifenberg, J. and Yang, Y. and Sadeghipour, S.M. and Asheghi, M.},
title={Numerical simulation of mark formation/erasure in phase change recording},
journal={Proceedings of the ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference},
year={2005},
volume={3},
pages={579-586},
doi={10.1115/HT2005-72330},
art_number={HT2005-72330},
note={cited By 1; Conference of 2005 ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, HT 2005 ; Conference Date: 17 July 2005 Through 22 July 2005;  Conference Code:66315},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29644442096&doi=10.1115%2fHT2005-72330&partnerID=40&md5=ecd52d7e66a3c9b3fa493014f12a37ee},
affiliation={Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States},
abstract={Design/optimization of the phase change recording media to create proper marks, in size, shape, and quality, needs a robust modeling tool to predict temperature distribution in the constituting layers and model the phase formation during writing/erasure of the information bits. This requires a modeling of the heat transfer (thermal performance) and the crystallization processes. The thermal modeling, which is based on the solution of the heat diffusion equation for finding temperature distribution in the multilayer media, has been done before, using the finite difference techniques. These techniques have limited potentials for modeling real phase change recording media that have a rather more complex geometry. The finite elements method has, on the other hand, the required flexibility for such applications. In this work, we are reporting on development of a numerical simulation tool that uses the finite elements method for heat transfer simulation. ANSYS is used as the source code for the heat transfer simulation, in this application, with the crystallization model then being built into this media. This code has been used to simulate mark formation during writing on grooved plain and planer patterned media. Patterning the phase change material layer looks very promising in controlling the mark size and the mark edge irregularity which lead to timing jitter. Copyright © 2005 by ASME.},
keywords={Mark formation;  Multilayer media;  Thermal modeling, Crystallization;  Design;  Finite difference method;  Optimization;  Robustness (control systems);  Temperature distribution, Phase transitions},
references={Peng, C., Cheng, L., Mansuripur, M., Experimental and theoretical investigation of laser-induced crystallization and amorphization in phase-change optical recording media (1997) J. Applied Physics, 82 (9), pp. 4183-4191; Miyamoto, M., Hirotsune, A., Miyauchi, Y., Ando, K., Terao, M., Tokusyuku, N., Tamura, R., Analysis of mark formation process for phase-change media (1998) IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 4 (5), pp. 826-831; Meinder, E.R., Borg, H.J., Lankhorst, M., Hellmig, J., Mijiritskii, A.V., Dekker, M.J., Advances in thermal modeling of dual-layer DVR-blue fast-growth media (2001) Proc. Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 25-27. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Miao, X.S., Chong, T.C., Shi, L.P., Tan, P.K., Li, J.M., Lim, K.G., Hu, X., New absorption control layer of high density phase-change optical disk (2001) Proc. Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 190-192. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Li, J.M., Shi, L.P., Lim, K.G., Miao, X.S., Zhao, R., Cong, T.C., High-density optical disk structure analysis with Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method (2003) Proc. Optical Data Storage Conf., pp. 214-216. , May 11-14, Vancouver, Canada; Nishi, Y., Kando, H., Terao, M., Simulation of re-crystallization in phase change recording material (2001) Proc. Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 46-48. , Santa Fe, NM, April; Sheila, A.C., (2001) Simulation Studies on Media Jitter in Phase Change Optical Recording at High Data Rates, , PhD Dissertation, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Miyagawa, N., Gotoh, Y., Ohno, E., Nishiuchi, K., Akahira, N., Land and groove recording for high track density on phase change optical disks (1993) Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 32, p. 5324; Borg, H.J., Van Woudenberg, R., Trends in optical recording (1999) J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 93, pp. 519-525; Qiang, W., Cong, T.C., Shi, L.P., Tan, P.K., Miao, X.S., Supperlattice-like phase change optical disc (2001) Proc. Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting 2001, pp. 43-45. , Santa Fe, New Mexico, April; Li, C.-T., Yang, Y., Sadeghipour, S.M., Asheghi, M., Thermal conductivity measurements of the ZnS-SiO2 dielectric films for optical data storage applications (2004) Proc. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and R&D Exposition, , November 13-19, Anaheim, CA, IMECE2003-41565; Yang, Y., Li, C.-T., Sadeghipour, S.M., Asheghi, M., Dieker, H., Wuttig, M., Thermal characterization of dielectric and phase change materials for the optical recording applications (2005) Proc. ASME Summer Heat Transfer Conference, , July 17-22, San Francisco, CA, Paper # HT2005-72679; Peng, C., Mansuripur, M., Measurement of the thermal conductivity of erasable phase-change optical recording media (2000) App. Opt., 39, pp. 2347-2352; Sahni, P.S., Srolovitz, D.J., Grest, G.S., Anderson, M.P., Safran, S.A., Kinetics of ordering two dimensions. Il. Quenched systems (1983) Phys. Rev. B, 28, pp. 2705-2716},
correspondence_address1={Small, E.; Data Storage Systems Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
sponsors={ASME Heat Transfer Division},
address={San Francisco, CA},
isbn={0791847314; 9780791847312},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. Summer Heat Transfer Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nutter20054327,
author={Nutter, P.W. and Ntokas, I.T. and Middleton, B.K.},
title={An investigation of the effects of media characteristics on read channel performance for patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2005},
volume={41},
number={11},
pages={4327-4334},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2005.856586},
note={cited By 56},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28644442848&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2005.856586&partnerID=40&md5=0548aa0286e30b370602a902bf6fec50},
affiliation={IEEE, United Kingdom; School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Many view data storage on patterned magnetic media as one way of attaining storage densities in excess of 1 Tb/in 2 and thus over-coming the problems associated with recording at ultrahigh densities on conventional continuous media. In this paper we investigate, through the use of a replay simulation developed to take into account the three-dimensional nature of the patterned media, the effects that the shape-constrained media have on the bit-error-rate performance of the read channel in 1-Tb/in 2 perpendicular recording. In particular, we analyze how media configurations with varying island shape, size, and distribution affect the channel performance. © 2005 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Generalized partial response;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording;  Shape constrained media},
keywords={Generalized partial response;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording;  Shape constrained media, Bit error rate;  Magnetic recording;  Terbium, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/R63479},
funding_text 1={This work was supported by Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant GR/R63479. The authors extend their gratitude to Dr. D. Wilton and Dr. H. Shute of the Centre for Research in Information Storage Technology & the School of Mathematics & Statistics, the University of Plymouth, Plymouth, U.K., for their help and advice and for producing the 3-D potential distributions required for the replay modeling.},
references={Bertram, H.N., Williams, M., SNR and density limit estimates: A comparison of longitudinal and perpendicular recording (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 4-9. , Jan; Sawaguchi, H., Nishida, Y., Takano, H., Aoi, H., Performance analysis of modified PRML channels for perpendicular recording systems (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 235, pp. 265-272; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 6101-6106. , Apr; Wood, R., Miles, J., Olson, T., Recording technologies for terabit per square inch systems (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1711-1718. , Jul; Kryder, M.H., Gustafson, R.W., High-density perpendicular recording-advances, issues, and extensibility (2005) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 287, pp. 449-458. , Feb; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85 (4), pp. 652-671. , Apr; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in 2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; White, R.L., The physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 209, pp. 1-5; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), pp. 978-983. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.McA., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (6), pp. 3551-3558. , Nov; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Read channels for prepatterned media with trench playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (5), pp. 2564-2566. , Sep; Patterned media (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , M. L. Plumer, J. van Ek, and D. Weller, Eds. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Varlag, ch. 7; Potter, R.I., Digital magnetic recording theory (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-10 (3), pp. 502-508. , Sep; Ruigrok, J.J.M., (1990) Short-Wavelength Magnetic Recording: New Methods and Analyses, , Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier Science, Apr. ch. 5; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.McA., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate three-dimensional head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 148-156. , Jan; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , Sep; Jin, Z., Bertram, H.N., Luo, P., Simulation of servo position error signal in perpendicular recording (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (6), pp. 3977-3980. , Nov; Moon, J., Zeng, W., Equalization for maximum likelihood detectors (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31 (2), pp. 1083-1088. , Mar; Sawaguchi, H., Nishida, Y., Takano, H., Aoi, H., Performance analysis of modified PRML channels for perpendicular recording systems (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 235, pp. 265-272; Kovintavewat, P., Ozgunes, I., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., McLaughlin, S.W., Generalized partial-response targets for perpendicular recording with jitter noise (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2340-2342. , Sep; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , San Diego, CA: Academic, ch. 12; Ide, H., A modified PRML channel for perpendicular recording (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (5), pp. 3965-3967. , Sep; Chen, J., Moon, J., Detection signal-to-noise ratio versus bit cell aspect ratio at high areal densities (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (3), pp. 1157-1168. , May; Batra, S., Hannay, J.D., Zhou, H., Goldberg, J.S., Investigations of perpendicular write head design for 1 Tb/in 2 (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 319-325. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Du, H., Vorithitikul, V., Edmundson, D., Hill, E.W., Miles, J.J., Wright, C.D., Fabrication of patterned Pt/Co multilayers for high density probe storage (2003) Inst. Elect. Eng. Proc. Sci. Technol., 150, pp. 227-231. , Sep; Nutter, P.W., Ntokas, I.T., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. 3214-3216. , Oct; Terris, B.D., Thomson, T., Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media (2005) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 38, pp. R199-R222. , Jun},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P.W.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Chunsheng2005,
author={Chunsheng, E. and Smith, D. and Wolfe, J. and Weller, D. and Khizroev, S. and Litvinov, D.},
title={Physics of patterned magnetic medium recording: Design considerations},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2005},
volume={98},
number={2},
doi={10.1063/1.1977192},
art_number={024505},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844432288&doi=10.1063%2f1.1977192&partnerID=40&md5=4471ebcf342f3d28db91745bea29a686},
affiliation={Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Seagate Research, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States},
abstract={Selected aspects of the recording physics of magnetic data storage systems based on patterned medium are discussed. Considerations for the choice of a recording layer material are outlined. A micromagnetic study of magnetization reversal in patterned magnetic recording medium is presented. The effects of bit geometry, medium thickness, head/medium magnetic spacing, air-bearing surface geometry, write pole material, and write misregistration on magnetization reversal are explored. The influence of a recording layer design on playback resolution is evaluated. The results offer the guidelines for the design and optimization of patterned magnetic recording medium. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit density;  Magnetic spacing;  Superparamagnetic limit;  Thermal activation, Grain size and shape;  Lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Magnetoresistance;  Polycrystalline materials;  Signal to noise ratio;  Superparamagnetism;  Thermodynamic stability, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation, NSF, ECS0404308},
funding_text 1={This project is supported by the grant from the National Science Foundation (ECS0404308 “NIRT: Nanomanufacturing Strategy and System Design for Nanoscale Patterned Magnetic Recording Medium”) and the grant from the Information Storage Industry Consortium (Materials for Patterned Magnetic Recording Medium). The authors would like to thank High Performance Computing Center of University of Houston for enabling an efficient use of the Center resources and their superb technical support. In addition, the authors would like to thank Marry Doerner of Hitachi GST, Paul Frank of INSIC, and Long V. Chang of University of Houston for insightful discussions.},
references={Moore, F., (2003); Charap, S.H., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Litvinov, D., Kryder, M.H., Khizroev, S., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 241, p. 453; Plumer, M.L., Van Ek, J., Weller, D., (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , Springer, Berlin; Bertram, N.H., Williams, M., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 4; Iwasaki, S., Nakamura, Y., (1977) IEEE Trans. Magn., 13, p. 1272; Fan, G.J.Y., (1960) J. Appl. Phys., 31, pp. 402S; Cain, W., Payne, A., Baldwinson, M., Hempstead, R., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 97; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozieres, J.P., Van De Veerkonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thompson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725; Lodder, J.C., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272, p. 1692; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thompson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725; McDaniel, T.W., Challener, W.A., Sendur, K., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1972; Hughes, G., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Hughes, G., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2310; Hoffmann, H., (1986) IEEE Trans. Magn., 22, p. 472; Lodder, J.C., Wind, D., Dorssen, G.E.V., Pompa, T.J.A., Hubert, A., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 214; Simsova, J., Gemperle, R., Lodder, J.C., (1991) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 95, p. 85; Lu, B., Weller, D., Ju, G., Sander, A., Karns, D., Wu, M., Wu, X., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1908; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Klemmer, T., Hoydick, D., Okumura, H., Zhang, B., Soffa, W.A., (1995), 33, p. 1793; Endo, Y., Kikuchi, N., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7065; Platt, C.L., Wierman, K.W., Svedberg, E.B., Van De Veerdonk, R., Howard, J.K., Roy, A.G., Laughlin, D.E., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 6104; Ito, H., Kusunoki, T., Saito, H., Ishio, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272, p. 2180; Shibata, K., (2003), 44, p. 1542; Ho, K., Lairson, B., Kim, Y., Noyes, G., Sun, S., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1854; Svedberg, E.B., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 92, p. 1024; Hatwar, T.K., Brucker, C.F., (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, p. 3256; Hu, G., (2004) J. Appl. Phys., 95, p. 7073; Litvinov, D., Roscamp, T., Klemmer, T., Wu, M., Howard, J.K., Khizroev, S., (2001) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 674, p. 39; Wu, L.J., Honda, N., Ouchi, K., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2775; Matsunuma, S., Yano, A., Fujita, E., Onuma, T., Takayama, T., Ota, N., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1622; Kawada, Y., Ueno, Y., Shibata, K., (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, p. 2489; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2004) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, , Kluwer, Boston; http://math.nist.gov/oommf; MATLAB, The MathWorks, Natick, MA; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L.J., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 15, p. 2897; Ruchhoeft, P., Wolfe, J.C., Bass, R., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2529; Bailey, T.C., Johnson, S.C., Sreenivasan, S.V., Ekerdt, J.G., Willson, C.G., (2002) J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 15, p. 481; Fan, G.J., (1961) IBM J. Res. Dev., 5, p. 321; Potter, R.I., (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-10, p. 502; Smith, N., Wachenshwantz, D., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 2494; Khizroev, S., Bain, J.A., Kryder, M.H., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 2893},
correspondence_address1={Center for Nanomagnetic Systems, , Houston, TX 77204, United States},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Suzuki2005,
author={Suzuki, Y. and Saito, H. and Aoi, H. and Muraoka, H. and Nakamura, Y.},
title={Reproduced waveform and bit error rate analysis of a patterned perpendicular medium R/W channel},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2005},
volume={97},
number={10},
doi={10.1063/1.1853695},
art_number={10P108},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20944446023&doi=10.1063%2f1.1853695&partnerID=40&md5=2d8dfec0ae6bcfaa891e3cfb41904e7b},
affiliation={Tohoku University, RIEC, IT21 Center, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808577, Japan; Kogakuin University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan},
abstract={Patterned media were investigated as candidates for 1 Tb in.2 recording. In the case of recording with a patterned medium, the noise due to the irregularity of the pattern has to be taken into account instead of the medium noise due to grains. The bit error rate was studied for both continuous and patterned media to evaluate the advantages of patterning. The bit aspect ratio (BPI/TPI) was set to two for the patterned media and four for the continuous medium. The bit error rate (BER), calculated with a PR(1,1) channel simulator, indicated that for both double layered and single layered patterned media an improvement of the BER over conventional continuous media is expected when the patterning jitter is controlled to within 8%. When the system noise is large the BER of single layered patterned media deteriorates more rapidly than that of double layered media, due to the higher boost in the PR(1,1) channel. It was found that making the land length to bit length ratio large was quite effective at improving BER. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Channel simulators;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular medium;  Thermal excitation, Aspect ratio;  Bit error rate;  Computer simulation;  Jitter;  Magnetization;  Signal to noise ratio;  Synchronization, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho},
funding_text 1={This work was partly supported from the IT program RR2002 of MEXT of Japan.},
references={Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 521; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, pp. 205-229. , edited by M. L.Plumer, J.van Ek, and D.Weller (Springer, Bevlin; Albrecht, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Zhu, J.-G., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 22; Suzuki, Y., Nishida, Y., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2633; Suzuki, Y., Saito, H., Aoi, H., Waveform from patterned perpendicular medium (2003) Digest of International Symposium on Ultra-High Density Spinic Storage System, p. 40; Hughes Gordon, F., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2310},
correspondence_address1={Suzuki, Y.; Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808577, Japan},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Baltz20051286,
author={Baltz, V. and Landis, S. and Rodmacq, B. and Dieny, B.},
title={Multilevel magnetic media in continuous and patterned films with out-of-plane magnetization},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2005},
volume={290-291 PART 2},
pages={1286-1289},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.449},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14944355932&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2004.11.449&partnerID=40&md5=4537d6a0b27200c8dc88d82a9c54058c},
affiliation={SPINTEC URA 2512 CEA/CNRS, 17 Av. des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; LETI/D2NT/CEA, 17 Av. des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France},
abstract={In conventional high-density magnetic media, information is stored in the form of magnetic domains oriented in two possible remanent states along an easy axis of anisotropy. In order to further increase the areal density keeping the same bit size, multilevel magnetic media consisting of N decoupled ferromagnetic storage layers (N ≥2) with different coercivities can be used. In such a case, the recording media exhibit up to 2N stable remanent states. In this study, decoupled (Co/Pt) multilayers systems with perpendicular anisotropy have been sputtered on continuous silicon substrates and arrays of pre-patterned silicon nanodots in order to achieve magnetic continuous and patterned multilevel media. These media were characterized from a magnetic point of view. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={(Co/Pt) multilayers;  Anisotropy - magnetic;  Anisotropy - perpendicular;  Multilevel recording;  Patterned media},
keywords={Coercive force;  Density (specific gravity);  Ferromagnetism;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetization;  Nanostructured materials;  Phase separation;  Silicon, (Co/Pt) multilayers;  Anisotropy-magnetic;  Anisotropy-perpendicular;  Multilevel recording;  Patterned media, Magnetic films},
references={Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., (2002) J. Phys. D, 35, p. 157; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 256, p. 449; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 12271; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Bayle, P., Baltz, V., Dieny, B., (2004) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 6, p. 3790; Westmijze, W.K., (1953) Philips Res. Rep., 8, p. 148; Shimazaki, K., Yoshihiro, M., Ishizaki, O., Ohnuki, S., Ohta, N., (1995) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 19, p. 429; Bleiker, C., Melchior, H., (1987) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 22, p. 460; Mulloy, M., Vélu, E., Dupas, C., Galtier, M., Kolb, E., Renard, D., Renard, J.P., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mat., 147, p. 177; Zeper, W.B., Van Kesteren, H.W., Jacobs, B.A., Spruit, J.H.M., Garcia, P.F., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 70, p. 2264; Honda, S., Tanimoto, H., Kusuda, T., (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., 26, p. 2730; Moritz, J., Garcia, F., Toussaint, J.C., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., (2004) Europhys. Lett., 65, p. 123},
correspondence_address1={Baltz, V.; SPINTEC URA 2512 CEA/CNRS, 17 Av. des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; email: baltz@drfmc.ceng.cea.fr},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moritz20051,
author={Moritz, J. and Dieny, B. and Nozìres, J.P. and Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M. and Crawford, T.M. and Weller, D. and Landis, S.},
title={Magnetization dynamics and thermal stability in patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2005},
volume={86},
number={6},
pages={1-3},
doi={10.1063/1.1861973},
art_number={063512},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18644369945&doi=10.1063%2f1.1861973&partnerID=40&md5=3afcaa0f422a2ec7dcc9508af5677823},
affiliation={SPINTEC, CEA/Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Seagate Research, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States; LETI/DTS, CEA/Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France},
abstract={The dynamic coercivity of patterned media with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is measured over ten orders of magnitude using magnetic field pulses from magnetic recording heads with pulse widths in the range 150 ps to 1 s. The local field generated by write heads allows the study of the switching dynamics of individual bits. Existing models have been applied for a quantitative analysis of the data. As a result, we found the written bits are stable for at least 10 years. Individual dot magnetization switching has been achieved with subnanosecond pulses showing that very-high-data-rate recording is possible in patterned media. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic recording;  Mathematical models;  Switching;  Thermodynamic stability, Dot magnetization switching;  Patterned media;  Pulse widths;  Subnanosecond pulses, Magnetization},
funding_text 1={This work was partially supported by Region Rhône-Alpes.},
references={Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990; Moritz, J., Buda, L., Dieny, B., Nozìres, J.P., Van De Veerdonk, R.J.M., Crawford, T.M., Weller, D., Landis, S., (2004) Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, p. 1519; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Ńel, L., (1951) J. Phys. Radium, 12, p. 339; Brown Jr., W.F., (1963) Phonetica, 130, p. 1677; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599; Sharrock, M.P., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6413; Shabes, M.E., Aharoni, A., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, p. 3882},
correspondence_address1={Moritz, J.; SPINTEC, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ntokas2005437,
author={Ntokas, I.T. and Nutter, P.W. and Middleton, B.K.},
title={Evaluation of read channel performance for perpendicular patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2005},
volume={287},
number={SPEC. ISS.},
pages={437-441},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.073},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344298334&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2004.10.073&partnerID=40&md5=92f62a9ad9f2ec6b7633a0f4afa60582},
affiliation={Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={The use of patterned media is one of the proposed approaches for extending magnetic storage densities and delaying the problems imposed by the superparamagnetic limit. In this paper, we investigate the reliable recovery of data from patterned media with perpendicular anisotropy using a software tool developed to simulate the read channel. The bit error rate against signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of various partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) channels is evaluated. It is shown that the PRML channels for perpendicular recording offer better performance than the conventional channels for longitudinal recording. In addition, simulations reveal that the use of run-length limited encoders and the existence of a soft magnetic underlayer contribute to an improved performance in terms of SNR. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording;  PRML;  Read channel},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computer aided software engineering;  Computer simulation;  Encoding (symbols);  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic recording;  Maximum likelihood estimation;  Signal to noise ratio;  Soft magnetic materials;  Superparamagnetism, Partial response maximum likelihood (PRML);  Patterned media;  Perpendicular recording;  PRML;  Read channel, Magnetic storage},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/R63479/01},
funding_text 1={The authors would like to thank the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, for supporting this work through Grant GR/R63479/01.},
references={White, R.L., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33 (1), p. 990; Chou, S.Y., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79 (8), p. 6101; Cideciyan, R.D., (1992) IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 10 (1), p. 38; Potter, R.I., (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn., 10 (3), p. 502; Zheng, Y.K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 2268; Aziz, M.M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 1964; Ide, H., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (5), p. 3965; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A.M., (1998) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , Academic Press USA},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P.W.; Department of Computer Science, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: p.nutter@man.ac.uk},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Terris20052822,
author={Terris, B.D. and Albrecht, M. and Hu, G. and Thomson, T. and Rettner, C.T.},
title={Recording and reversal properties of nanofabricated magnetic islands},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2005},
volume={41},
number={10},
pages={2822-2827},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2005.855264},
note={cited By 42},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744580934&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2005.855264&partnerID=40&md5=e9112ecd9b25d8897e09ab7701b659dd},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Emmy-Noether Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Patterned media are a promising approach for future high density magnetic recording. In order to reliably address individual bits, a recording head will be required to reverse a selected island without disturbing neighboring islands. This leads to a requirement for islands with a narrow switching field distribution. We review the switching and recording properties of patterned granular CoPtCr-based films, and present results on the reversal properties of topographically patterned Co/Pd multilayer films, with particular emphasis on switching field distributions. Finally, the use of islands with multiple storage layers is demonstrated as a potential route to even higher storage density without the need for smaller, lithographically defined islands. © 2005 IEEE.},
author_keywords={High density recording;  Island reversal properties;  Magnetic arrays;  Patterned media},
keywords={Arrays;  Cobalt compounds;  Granular materials;  Lithography;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Switching circuits;  Thin films, High density recording;  Island reversal properties;  Magnetic arrays;  Patterned media, Magnetic materials},
references={Jang, H.-J., Eames, P., Dahlberg, E.D., Farhoud, M., Ross, C., Magnetostatic interactions of single-domain nanopillars in quasistatic magnetization states (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 86 (5), p. 023102; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., Magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayers deposited on patterned Si substrates (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226, pp. 1708-1710; Martin, J.I., Nogues, J., Liu, K., Vicent, J.L., Schuller, I.K., Ordered magnetic nanostructures: Fabrication and properties (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 256, pp. 449-501; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., Magnetic nanoparticle array with perpendicular crystal magnetic anisotropy (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 8327-8331; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Patterning of granular magnetic media with a focused ion beam to produce single-domain islands at > 140 Gbit/in(2) (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), pp. 1649-1651. , Jul; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co 70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1725-1730. , Jul; Fullerton, E.E., Hellwig, O., Ikeda, Y., Lengsfield, B., Takano, K., Kortright, J.B., Soft X-ray characterization of perpendicular recording media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (4), pp. 1693-1697. , Jul; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Writing of high-density patterned perpendicular media with a conventional longitudinal recording head (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 3409-3411; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 2875-2877; Albrecht, M., Ganesan, S., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., White, R.L., Terris, B.D., Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media: A magnetic recording study (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39 (4), pp. 2323-2325. , Jul; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , Mar; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Baglin, J.E.E., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., Characterization of the magnetic modification of Co/Pt multilayer films by He+, Ar+, and Ga+ ion irradiation (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 279-281; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 1483-1485; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Raoux, S., Terris, B.D., Magnetization reversal in Co/Pd nanostructures and films (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., Rotation and wall propogation in multidomain Co/Pd islands (2005) IEEE Trans. Magn., 41 (10), pp. XXXX-XXXX. , Oct; Coffey, K.R., Thomson, T., Thiele, J.U., Angle dependent magnetization reversal of thin film magnetic recording media (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, pp. 8471-8473; Hu, G., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Terris, B.D., (2005), private communication; Albrecht, M., Hu, G., Moser, A., Hellwig, O., Terris, B.D., Magnetic dot arrays with multiple storage layers (2005) J. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 103910},
correspondence_address1={Terris, B.D.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, , San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nutter20053214,
author={Nutter, P.W. and Ntokas, I.T. and Middleton, B.K. and Wilton, D.T.},
title={Effect of island distribution on error rate performance in patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2005},
volume={41},
number={10},
pages={3214-3216},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2005.854780},
note={cited By 63},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744479400&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2005.854780&partnerID=40&md5=403187dd2a89ed736828c98bf552d12b},
affiliation={IEEE, United Kingdom; School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom},
abstract={The size, shape, and distribution of islands in a patterned medium depends on the patterning process adopted. The off-track performance in this case is mainly dominated by inter-track interference due to the neighboring islands. In this paper, the effect that the island distribution has on the off-track performance is investigated with respect to read channel bit-error-rate performance. © 2005 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Patterned media;  PRML;  Track misregistration},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Error analysis;  Pattern recognition, Patterned media;  PRML;  Track misgresistration, Magnetic tape},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/R63479},
funding_text 1={This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., under Grant GR/R63479.},
references={White, R.L., The physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording' (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 209, pp. 1-5; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sep; Jin, Z., Bertram, N., Wilson, B., Wood, R., Simulation of the off-track capability of a one terabit per square inch recording system (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (2), pp. 1429-1435. , Mar; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up fro magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn, 33 (1), pp. 990-995. , Jan; Nutter, P.W., Du, H., Vorithitikul, V., Edmundson, D., Hill, E.W., Miles, J.J., Wright, C.D., Fabrication of patterned Pt/Co multilayers for high density probe storage (2003) IEE Proc. Sci. Technol., 150, pp. 227-231. , Sep; Ruigrok, J.J.M., (1990) Short-wavelength Magnetic Recording, , U.K.: Elsevier; Nutter, P.W., McKirdy, D.McA., Middleton, B.K., Wilton, D.T., Shute, H.A., Effect of island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (6), pp. 3551-3557. , Nov; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.McA., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate 3-D head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40 (1), pp. 148-156. , Jan; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P.W., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 1964-1966. , Sep; Kovintavewat, P., Ozgunes, I., Kurtas, E., Barry, J.R., McLaughlin, S.W., Generalized partial-response targets for perpendicular recording with jitter noise (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), pp. 2340-2342. , Sep},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P.W.; School of Computer Science, , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kim200557,
author={Kim, Y.-S. and Lee, C.S. and Jin, W.-H. and Jang, S. and Nam, H.-J. and Bu, J.-U.},
title={100×100 thermo-piezoelectric cantilever array for SPM nano-data-storage application},
journal={Sensors and Materials},
year={2005},
volume={17},
number={2},
pages={57-63},
note={cited By 21},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17744374618&partnerID=40&md5=d15aee7510555dcb3b324114ea064aad},
affiliation={D3 Group, LG Electronics Inst. of Technology, 16 Woomyeon-Dong, Secho-Gu, Seoul 137-724, South Korea},
abstract={A PZT cantilever array with integrated heaters and piezoelectric sensors, termed a thermo piezoelectric cantilever has been fabricated and studied for application to a high-speed and low-power scanning probe microscopy (SPM)-based nano-data-storage system. In this system, the data are written using a heater and read using a piezoelectric sensor integrated with the cantilever. By the use of a piezoelectric readback method, power consumption during the read/write process can be lowered considerably. With the thermopiezoelectric cantilever we can successfully write 40 nm data bits on the polymer media, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The sensitivity of the PZT piezoelectric sensor was 0.55 fC/nm. The charge readback signal of the cantilever was obtained using a patterned SiO2 sample. To improve the data rate, we developed a (100×100) 2D thermo-piezoelectric cantilever array for parallel operation.},
author_keywords={Piezoelectric sensor;  PZT thin film;  SPM-based data storage;  Thermo-piezoelectric cantilever},
references={Vettiger, P., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., Durig, U., Haberle, W., Lutwyche, M.I., Rothuizen, H.E., Binnig, G.K., (2000) IBM J. Res. Develop., 44, p. 323; Vettiger, P., Cross, G., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., Durig, U., Gotsmann, B., Haberle, W., Binnig, G.K., (2002) Nanotechnology, IEEE Trans., 1, p. 39; Lee, C.S., Nam, H.J., Kim, Y.S., Jin, W.H., Cho, S.M., Bu, J.U., (2003) Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, p. 4839; Nam, H.J., Cho, S.M., Yee, Y.J., Lee, H.M., Kim, D.C., Bu, J.U., Hong, J.H., (2001) Integ. Ferroelec., 35, p. 185; Kim, Y.S., Nam, H.J., Cho, S.M., Hong, J.W., Kim, D.C., Bu, J.U., (2003) Sensors and Actuators A, 103, p. 122},
correspondence_address1={Kim, Y.-S.; D3 Group, 16 Woomyeon-Dong, Secho-Gu, Seoul 137-724, South Korea; email: ysrevol@lge.com},
issn={09144935},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Sens. Mater.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Kawata2005997,
author={Kawata, Y. and Nakano, M.},
title={New development of multilayered optical memory for terabyte data storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2005},
volume={41},
number={2},
pages={997-1000},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2004.842063},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14544306456&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2004.842063&partnerID=40&md5=c27c69f1e1b733f1e46b9cb4271bbf05},
affiliation={Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan},
abstract={We report a recording medium in which a three-dimensional nanoscale structure can be photofabricated for multilayered optical memory using two-photon process. By fabricating the structures in the medium, we can control the shape of the recorded bits and in effect, their spatial frequency distribution. We succeeded in recording bits with 0.5 μm interval in any particular plane and 2.0 μm interval between successive layers. Thus, a storage density of 2.0 Tb/cm3 is achieved.},
author_keywords={Fabrication;  Holographic memories;  Memories;  Optical memories},
keywords={Fabrication;  Frequencies;  Holography;  Multilayers;  Optical recording;  Photons, Frequency distribution;  Holographic memories;  Nano-patterned recording;  Photofabrication, Optical data storage},
references={Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Wolfe, R., Gyorgy, E.M., Finn, P.L., Kryder, M.H., Chang, C.H., Near-field magneto-optics and high density data storage (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61 (2), pp. 142-144. , Jul; Mansfield, S.M., Studenmund, W.R., Kino, G.S., Osato, K., High-numerical-aperture lens system for optical storage (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (4), pp. 305-307. , Feb; Martin, Y., Rishton, S., Wickramashinghe, H.K., Optical data storage readout at 256 Gbits/in2 (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (1), pp. 1-3. , Jul; Brady, D., Psaltis, D., Information capacity of (3-D) holographic data storage (1993) Opt. Quantum Electron., 25, pp. 597-610; Hesselink, L., Bashaw, M.C., Optical memories implemented with photorefractive media (1993) Opt. Quantum Electron., 25, pp. 611-661; Parthenopoulos, D.A., Rentzepis, P.M., Two-photon volume information storage in doped polymer systems (1990) J. Appl. Phys., 68 (11), pp. 5814-5818. , Dec; Strickler, J.H., Webb, W.W., Three-dimensional optical data storage in refractive media by two-photon point excitation (1991) Opt. Lett., 16, pp. 1780-1782; Kawata, S., Tanaka, T., Hashimoto, Y., Kawata, Y., Three-dimensional confocal optical memory using photorefractive materials (1993) Photopolymers and Applications in Holography, Optical Data Storage, Optical Sensors, and Interconnects, 2042, pp. 314-325. , Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng., R. A. Lesard, Ed; Glezer, E., Milosavljevic, M., Huang, L., Finlay, R., Her, T.H., Mazur, J.P.C.E., Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials (1996) Opt. Lett., 21 (24), pp. 2023-2025. , Dec; Kawata, Y., Ishitobi, H., Kawata, S., Use of two-photon absorption in a photorefractive crystal for three-dimensional optical memory (1998) Opt. Lett., 23 (10), pp. 756-758; Gu, M., Day, D., Use of continuous-wave illumination for two-photon three-dimensional optical bit data storage n a photo-bleaching polymer (1999) Opt. Lett., 24 (5), pp. 230-288. , Mar; Kawata, S., Kawata, Y., Three-dimensional optical data storage using photochromic materials (2000) Chem. Rev., 100 (5), pp. 1777-1788; Toriumi, A., Kawata, S., Gu, M., Reflection confocal microscope readout system for three-dimensional photochromic optical data storage (1998) Opt. Lett., 23 (24), pp. 1924-1926. , Dec; Ishikawa, M., Kawata, Y., Egami, C., Sugihara, O., Okamoto, N., Tsuchimori, M., Watanabe, O., Reflection confocal readout for multilayered optical memory (1998) Opt. Lett., 23 (22), pp. 1781-1783. , Nov; Nakano, M., Kawata, Y., Compact confocal readout system for three-dimensional memories using a laser-feedback semiconductor laser (2003) Opt. Lett., 28 (15), pp. 1356-1358. , Aug; Wilson, T., Kawata, Y., Kawata, S., Readout of three-dimensional optical memories (1996) Opt. Lett., 21 (13), pp. 1003-1005. , Jul; Neil, M.A.A., Juskaitis, R., Booth, M.J., Wilson, T., Tanaka, T., Kawata, S., Active aberration correction for the writing of three-dimensional optical memory devices (2002) Appl. Opt., 42 (7), pp. 1374-1379. , Mar},
correspondence_address1={Kawata, Y.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Johoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan; email: kawata@eng.shizuoka.ac.jp},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ohkubo200423,
author={Ohkubo, T. and Hirota, T. and Oumi, M. and Hirata, M. and Nakajima, K.},
title={Readout characteristics of a minute aperture-mounted optical head slider flying above a sub-micron wide metal patterned medium track},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2004},
volume={5604},
pages={23-30},
doi={10.1117/12.570545},
art_number={03},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Optomechatronic Micro/Nano Components, Devices, and Systems ; Conference Date: 27 October 2004 Through 28 October 2004;  Conference Code:64625},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644395659&doi=10.1117%2f12.570545&partnerID=40&md5=9a667aed5ba045866a36f91a57f97e26},
affiliation={Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Seiko Instruments Inc., 563, Takatsuka-Shinden, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 270-2222, Japan},
abstract={Advances in a digital network society require both higher densities and higher transfer rates in all sorts of storage devices. In optical recording, the trend toward higher recording density and larger storage capacity requires novel surface recording technologies that would drastically improve recording density. To satisfy these severe requirements, we have already proposed a compact integrated optical head slider assembly for proximity optical recording based on the "near field principle". Using the optical head slider, we have successfully demonstrated readout signals from 200 to 150-nm-long bit patterns at frequency bands up to approximately 10 MHz. However, from the practical point of view, it is quite necessary to evaluate readout signals from patterns of smaller (sub-micron to sub-sub-micron) track width in order to prove high-density recording potential. In this paper, we have investigated tracking accuracy characteristics utilizing sub-micron sized alternate patterns of 1-mm length formed in a straight line in the circumferential direction of the medium. Arranging precisely the head's relative position to these recorded patterns, we have successfully obtained readout signals just crossing the sub-micron line-and-space pattern's boundaries. Assuming that an aperture runs along an accurate trajectory of the arc of a circle, readout signal amplitude variations when crossing the pattern edge at a right angle have precisely predicted. Also, the influences of track width on maximum readout signal intensity and tracking sensitivity are discussed in detail.},
author_keywords={Flying Head Slider;  Minute Aperture;  Near-Field;  Patterned Medium;  Tracking},
keywords={Data transfer;  Digital storage;  Optical data storage;  Optical microscopy;  Optical recording;  Signal detection, Flying head slider;  Minute aperture;  Near-field;  Patterned medium, Optical devices},
references={Knight, G., Beyond the superparamagnetic limit: Near-field recording (1998) Data Storage, (FEBRUARY), pp. 23-30; Isshiki, F., Ito, K., Hosaka, S., 1.5-Mbit/s direct readout of line-and-space patterns using a scanning near-field optical microscopy probe slider with air-bearing control (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 76 (7), pp. 804-806; Yoshikawa, H., Andoh, Y., Yamanoto, M., Fukuzawa, K., Tamamura, T., Ohkubo, T., 7.5MHz. data transfer rate with a planar aperture mounted upon a near-field optical slider (2000) Opt. Lett., 25 (1), pp. 67-69; Ohkubo, T., Hashimoto, M., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Mechanical characteristics of an optical flying head assembly with visible light-wave guide flexure (2000) J. Info. Storage Proc. Syst., 2, pp. 323-330; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Shinohara, Y., Nakajima, K., Readout signal evaluation of optical flying head slider with visible light-wave guide (2002) Microsys. Technol., 8 (2-3), pp. 212-219; Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Maeda, H., Oumi, M., Niwa, T., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Itao, K., High-speed readout using small near-field optical head module with horizontal light introduction through optical fiber (2003) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, pp. 5102-5104; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Ohmi, M., Nakajima, K., High speed sub-micron bit detection using tapered aperture mounted optical slider flying above a patterned metal medium (2003) Microsys. Trchnol., 9, pp. 413-419; Hirata, M., Oumi, M., Nakajima, K., Ohkubo, T., Signal read-out using near-field optical flying head with a protruded aperture The Digest of ISOM 2004, , yet to appear; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Hosaka, H., Itao, K., (2000), Optical Head and Optical Data Storage, Japanese Patent, Appl. No. 2001-249233},
correspondence_address1={Ohkubo, T.; Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; email: tohkubo@eng.toyo.ac.jp},
editor={Katagiri Y.},
sponsors={SPIE},
address={Philadelphia, PA},
issn={0277786X},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Boboc2004785,
author={Boboc, A. and Rahman, I.Z. and Rahman, M.A.},
title={Magnetic modelling at nanoscale level},
journal={Journal of Materials Processing Technology},
year={2004},
volume={153-154},
number={1-3},
pages={785-790},
doi={10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.108},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9444291297&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmatprotec.2004.04.108&partnerID=40&md5=af924fe9ca05bfe707a07a864dc09f2b},
affiliation={Mat. and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, National Technological Park, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Physics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Dept. Electron. and Comp. Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland},
abstract={With the development of the information technology in all areas of present life, high-density data storage devices are in great demand. Currently, the bit dimension is below a micron and in the future will approach the nanoscale level. At present, not many theoretical approaches are available to explain the magnetic information storage properties at nanoscale level, as there is a lack of experimental data for example. This is due to difficulty in implementing measurement techniques for magnetic properties at this low scale. In this article, we have presented a short review of the most used methods to represent the physical behaviour at microscale level. Our goal was to apply some of these methods at a nanoscale range, where the physical properties change dramatically and various physical effects cannot be neglected that are not considered at micron scale. Some of the results regarding the simulation of magnetic properties of the nanostructured patterned media and comparison with experimental data are also presented. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic modelling;  Magnetic recording;  Nanomagnetic structures;  Patterned media},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Ferromagnetic materials;  Finite element method;  Information technology;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic moments;  Nanostructured materials;  Polycrystalline materials;  Thermoanalysis, Magnetic modeling;  Nanomagnetic structures;  Patterned media;  Thermal fluctuations, Magnetic recording},
funding_text 1={This project is funded by FP5 Marie Curie Host Development Fellowship award (Contract No. HPMD-CT-2000-00045). The authors would like to thank K.M. Razeeb and S.A.M. Tofail for providing some of the experimental results.},
references={Tofail, S.A.M., Rahman, Z., Rahman, M.A., (2001) Appl. Org. Met. Chem., 5, pp. 373-382; Fiddler, J., Schrefl, T., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 33, pp. 135-156; Schabes, M.E., (1991) J. Magn. Mater., 95, pp. 249-288; Bagneres-Viallix, A., Baras, P., Albertini, J.B., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, pp. 3319-3321; Chen, W., Redkin, D.R., Koehler, T.R., (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29, p. 2124; Berkov, D.V., Ramstöck, K., Hubert, A., (1993) Phys. Status Solidi A, 137, pp. 207-225; Fredkin, D.R., (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, pp. 3385-3390; Donahue, M.J., Porter, D.G., (1999) NISTIR 6376 NIST, , Gaithersburg, MD; McMichael, R.D., Donahue, M.J., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 4167-4169; Della Torre, E., (1985) IEEE Trans. Magn., 21, pp. 1423-1425; Schmidts, H.F., (1994) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 130, pp. 329-341; Sellmyer, J., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., (2001) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 13, pp. 433-480; Tofail, S.A.M., Rahman, I.Z., Rahman, M.A., Mahmood, K.U., (2002) Chem. Monthly, 133, pp. 859-872; Razeeb, K.M., (2003) Electrodeposition of Magnetic Nanowires in NCA Templates, , PhD Thesis, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Rahman, I.Z., Razeeb, K.M., Rahman, M.A., Kamruzzaman, Md., (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 262 (1), pp. 166-169; Brown, R.H., Nicholson, D.M.C., Schulthess, T.C., Wang, X.-D., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4830},
correspondence_address1={Rahman, I.Z.; Mat. and Surface Science Institute, , Limerick, Ireland; email: zakia.rahman@ul.ie},
issn={09240136},
coden={JMPTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Mater Process Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nutter20043551,
author={Nutter, P.W. and McKirdy, D.McA. and Middleton, B.K. and Wilton, D.T. and Shute, H.A.},
title={Effect of Island geometry on the replay signal in patterned media storage},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2004},
volume={40},
number={6},
pages={3551-3558},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2004.835697},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9644254069&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2004.835697&partnerID=40&md5=5a585b795053e139d8b8d0f02feb4092},
affiliation={Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom},
abstract={In a move to extend the storage capabilities of magnetic storage systems beyond 1 Tb/in2, the use of patterned media has often been cited. Here, recorded domains are constrained by the geometry of the magnetic island and not the geometry of the recording head. Conventional two-dimensional readout modeling techniques, using the reciprocity integral, rely on the assumption that the across-track medium magnetization is uniform under the giant magnetoresistive replay head. However, in the case of a geometrically constrained medium this is not the case. This paper investigates the effect that the island geometry has on the characteristics of the replay signal in perpendicular patterned magnetic media storage through the extension of the reciprocity integral to three dimensions. The paper describes replay pulses that offer different characteristics from those obtained by conventional two-dimensional techniques. The origins of these differences are explained by the variation in medium magnetization across the track.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular magnetization;  Reciprocity},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetization;  Mathematical models;  Signal filtering and prediction;  Signal processing, Bit-rate error;  Patterned media;  Perpendicular magnetization;  Reciprocity;  Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/R63479},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received May 28, 2004; revised July 16, 2004. This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., under Grant GR/R63479.},
references={Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 978-983. , Jan; Zhang, Y., Bertram, H.N., Thermal decay in high density disk media (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, pp. 3786-3793. , Sept; Weller, D., Moser, A., Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 4423-4437. , Nov; Zhang, Y., Bertram, H.N., Thermal decay of signal and noise in high-density thin-film media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 4326-4338. , Sept; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.R.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Richter, H.J., How antiferromagnetic coupling can stabilize recorded information (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1867-1872. , Sept; Moser, A., Takano, K., Margulies, D.T., Albrecht, M., Sonobe, Y., Ikeda, Y., Sun, S., Fullerton, E.E., Magnetic recording: Advancing into the future (2002) J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 35 (19), pp. R157-R167; White, R.L., The physical boundaries to high-density magnetic recording (2000) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 209, pp. 1-5; Chou, Y., Krauss, P.R., Quantum magnetic disk (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 155, pp. 151-153; Hughes, O.F., (2001) Patterned Media, the Physics of Ultra-high-density Magnetic Recording, , M. L. Plumer, J. van Ek, and D. Weller, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ch. 7; Nair, S.K., New, R.M.H., Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, pp. 1916-1918. , July; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 2310-2312. , Sept; Read channels for prepatterned media with trench playback (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 2564-2566. , Sept; Wang, S.X., Taratorin, A., (1999) Magnetic Information Storage Technology, , New York: Academic; Potter, R.I., Digital magnetic recording theory (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-10, pp. 502-508. , Sept; Ruigrok, J.J.M., (1990) Short-wavelength Magnetic Recording: New Methods and Analyses, , Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier; Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., Parallels between playback in perpendicular and longitudinal recording (2003) J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 257, pp. 126-131; Shute, H.A., Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.MaC., Mapps, D.J., Improved approximations for two-dimensional perpendicular magnetic recording heads (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 2098-2102. , July; Valcu, B., Roscamp, T., Bertram, H.N., Pulse shape, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio in perpendicular recording (2002) IEEE Trans, Magn., 38, pp. 288-294. , Jan; Wilton, D.T., McKirdy, D.MaC., Shute, H.A., Miles, J.J., Mapps, D.J., Approximate 3-D head fields for perpendicular magnetic recording (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn., 40, pp. 148-156. , Jan; Mallary, M., Torabi, A., Benakli, M., One terabit per square inch perpendicular recording conceptual design (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1719-1724. , July; Zheng, Y.K., You, D., Wu, Y.H., Flux-enhanced giant magnetoresistive head design and simulation (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 2268-2270. , Sept; Jin, Z., Bertram, H.N., Wilson, B., Wood, R., Simulation of the off-track capability of a one terabit per square inch recording system (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1429-1435. , Mar; Khizroev, S., Liu, Y., Mountfield, K., Kryder, M.H., Litvinov, D., Physics of perpendicular magnetic recording: Writing process (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 246, pp. 335-344; Khizroev, S.K., Bain, J.A., Kryder, M.H., Considerations in the design of probe heads for 100 Obit/in2 recording density (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 2893-2895. , Sept; Zhu, J.-G., Bai, D.Z., Torabi, A.F., The role of SUL in readback and effect on linear density performance for perpendicular recording (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, pp. 1961-1966. , July},
correspondence_address1={Nutter, P.W.; Department of Computer Science, , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: p.nutter@man.ac.uk},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Driskill-Smith200416,
author={Driskill-Smith, A.A.G.},
title={Electron-beam and emerging lithography for the magnetic recording industry},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2004},
volume={5374},
number={PART 1},
pages={16-30},
doi={10.1117/12.536002},
note={cited By 5; Conference of Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII ; Conference Date: 24 February 2004 Through 26 February 2004;  Conference Code:63411},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3843130638&doi=10.1117%2f12.536002&partnerID=40&md5=7d98a6912e8e71275f88c669627e31e2},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CA 95193, United States},
abstract={Today in 2004, the areal density in magnetic recording systems stands at approximately 100 Gbit/in 2. It is projected to increase by 30-60% per year for the foreseeable future and reach 1 Tbit/in 2 around the end of the decade. The corresponding rapid reduction in bit dimension poses significant challenges for lithography, both now in the thin-film head, and in the future on the disk, with the possible transition to patterned media. In thin-film head production, the critical dimension is now less than 100 nm and by 2006 will be less than 50 nm. To meet these requirements, the magnetic recording industry in recent years has been turning to direct-write electron-beam lithography. However, advances in both electron-beam systems and chemically-amplified resists will be required as areal density approaches the Terabit per square inch regime. No lithography is presently used on the disk or media, but this could change within a few years if discrete track media or patterned media is introduced. The key challenge will be establishing a low cost manufacturing capability at the very high resolution bit dimensions required. One new technology that shows considerable potential is nanoimprint lithography, but significant tool development will be required to improve throughput and provide sufficiently low cost per disk. High-resolution electron-beam systems and advanced resists will also be required to fabricate the 1× master templates. Further in the future, a combination of lithography and selfassembly of magnetic nanoparticles may provide a path to areal densities as high as 40 Tbit/in 2.},
author_keywords={Electron-beam lithography;  Giant magnetoresistive thin-film head;  Magnetic recording;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Patterned media},
keywords={Critical dimensions (CD);  Nanoimprint lithography;  Patterned media;  Thin-film heads, Electron beams;  Giant magnetoresistance;  Magnetic recording;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanotechnology;  Polymethyl methacrylates;  Polystyrenes;  Signal to noise ratio;  Superparamagnetism;  Surface roughness;  Thin films, Electron beam lithography},
references={Fontana, R.E., Katine, J., Rooks, M., Viswanathan, R., Lille, J., MacDonald, S., Kratschmer, E., Kasiraj, P., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 95; Driskill-Smith, A.A.G., Katine, J.A., Druist, D.P., Lee, K.Y., Tiberio, R.C., Chiu, A., (2004) Microelectron. Eng.; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Bandic, Z.Z., Xu, H., Hsu, Y.M., Albrecht, T.R., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 2231; Soeno, Y., Moriya, M., Ito, K., Hattori, K., Kaizu, A., Aoyama, T., Matsuzaki, M., Sakai, H., (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn., 39, p. 1967; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., (1999) J. Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, p. 8327; Rousseaux, F., Decanini, D., Carcenac, F., Cambril, E., Ravet, M.F., Chappert, C., Bardou, N., Veillet, P., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 2787; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; Dietzel, A., Berger, R., Loeschner, H., Platzgummer, E., Stengl, G., Bruenger, W.H., Letzkus, F., (2003) Adv. Mater., 15, p. 1152; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Renstrom, P.J., (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; Colburn, M., Johnson, S., Stewart, M., Damle, S., Bailey, T., Choi, B., Wedlake, M., Willson, C.G., (1999) Proc. SPIE, Emerging Lithographic Technologies, 3, p. 379; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1483; Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Thomas, E.L., Smith, H.I., Lammertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 2541; Naito, K., Hieda, H., Sakurai, M., Kamata, Y., Asakawa, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1949},
correspondence_address1={Driskill-Smith, A.A.G.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 5600 Cottle Road, San Jose, CA 95193, United States; email: alexander.driskill-smith@hgst.com},
editor={Mackay R.S.},
sponsors={SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering},
address={Santa Clara, CA},
issn={0277786X},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nakano2004176,
author={Nakano, M. and Kooriya, T. and Kuragaito, T. and Egami, C. and Kawata, Y. and Tsuchimori, M. and Watanabe, O.},
title={Three-dimensional patterned media for ultrahigh-density optical memory},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2004},
volume={85},
number={2},
pages={176-178},
doi={10.1063/1.1771800},
note={cited By 44},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242879097&doi=10.1063%2f1.1771800&partnerID=40&md5=5bb5b926ce047c53bd8ef16df1c478bb},
affiliation={Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Jokoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan; Toyota Ctrl. Res./Devmt. Labs., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan},
abstract={The photofabrication of a three-dimensional patterned media was studied for ultrahigh-density optical memory. A mesh-like pattern was fabricated in the recording layers by scanning a focused beam of light in three dimensions with a three-axis translation stage. Spacing of the vertical and transition stage were controlled with a computer to record sequential bit data. The results show that by fabricating the structures in the medium, the shape of the recorded bits can be controlled, and in effect their frequency distribution.},
keywords={Bessel functions;  Durability;  Microscopic examination;  Optical transfer function;  Photons;  Polyvinyl acetates;  Readout systems;  Reflection;  Thin films, Multilayered optical memory;  Photofabrication;  Three-dimensional patterned media;  Two-photon processes, Optical data storage},
funding_details={Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT},
funding_text 1={This research was supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. The authors thank Dr. Sucharita Sanyal for reviewing this letter.},
references={Betzig, E., Trautman, J.K., Wolfe, R., Gyorgy, E.M., Finn, P.L., Kryder, M.H., Chang, C.H., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, p. 142; Mansfield, S.M., Studenmund, W.R., Kino, G.S., Osato, K., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 305; Martin, Y., Rishton, S., Wickramashinghe, H.K., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 1; Ohtsu, M., Hori, H., (1999) Near-field Nano-optics, , Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, New York; Brady, D., Psaltis, D., (1993) Opt. Quantum Electron., 25, p. 597; Hesselink, L., Orlov, S.S., Liu, A., Akella, A., Lande, D., Neurgaonkar, R.R., (1998) Science, 282, p. 1089; Parthenopoulos, D.A., Rentzepis, P.M., (1989) Science, 245, p. 843; Strickler, J.H., Webb, W.W., (1991) Opt. Lett., 16, p. 1780; Kawata, S., Tanaka, T., Hashimoto, Y., Kawata, Y., (1993) Proc. SPIE, 2042, p. 314; Glezer, E.N., Milosavljevic, M., Huang, L., Finlay, R.J., Her, T.-H., Callan, J.P., Mazur, E., (1996) Opt. Lett., 21, p. 2023; Kawata, Y., Ishitobi, H., Kawata, S., (1998) Opt. Lett., 23, p. 756; Gu, M., Day, D., (1999) Opt. Lett., 24, p. 288; Kawata, S., Kawata, Y., (2000) Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.), 100, p. 1777; Ishikawa, M., Kawata, Y., Egami, C., Sugihara, O., Okamoto, N., (1998) Opt. Lett., 23, p. 1781; Toriumi, A., Kawata, S., Gu, M., (1998) Opt. Lett., 23, p. 1924; Nakano, M., Kawata, Y., (2003) Opt. Lett., 28, p. 1356; Wilson, T., Kawata, Y., Kawata, S., (1996) Opt. Lett., 21, p. 1003; Karthaus, O., Maruyama, N., Cieren, X., Shimomura, M., Hasegawa, H., Hashimoto, T., (2000) Langmuir, 16, p. 6071},
correspondence_address1={Kawata, Y.; Faculty of Engineering, , Jokoku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan; email: kawata@eng.shizuoka.ac.jp},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lee2004227,
author={Lee, C.S. and Nam, H.-J. and Kim, Y.-S. and Jin, W.-H. and Bu, J.-U.},
title={PZT cantilevers integrated with heaters and new piezoelectric sensors for SPM-based nano-data storage application},
journal={Journal of the Korean Physical Society},
year={2004},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={227-230},
note={cited By 12},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3843099141&partnerID=40&md5=9231b8762316f7284ebe4b4147a15d2d},
affiliation={Devices and Materials Laboratory, LG Electron. Inst. of Technology, Seoul 137-724, South Korea},
abstract={Silicon cantilevers integrated with heaters and piezoelectric sensors were used to demonstrate a thermomechanical writing system and a piezoelectric readback system for a low-power Scanning-Probe-Microscopy data-storage system. To demonstrate a thermal writing system, a thin polymer medium was used to record data bits, 40 nm in diameter and 20 nm in depth, by using this silicon cantilever. A sensitivity of 0.22 fC/nm was obtained by using the fabricated cantilever. Finally, to obtain readback signals using the piezoelectric cantilever, a patterned oxide wafer of 100-nm depth was scanned to show the distinctive charge signals. Therefore, the piezoelectric readback method using a PZT sensor for a low power system was successfully demonstrated in this paper.},
author_keywords={Cantilever;  Nano storage;  Piezoelectric sensor;  PZT;  SPM},
references={Hosaka, S., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 32, p. 1873; Hosaka, S., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 37, p. 855; King, W.P., Kenny, T.W., Goodson, K.E., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 1300; Vettiger, P., Binnig, G., (2003) Scientific American, 288, p. 46; Vettiger, P., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., Durig, U., Haberle, W., Lutwyche, M.I., Rothuizen, H.E., Binnig, G.K., (2000) IBM J. Res. Develop., 44, p. 323; Vettiger, P., Cross, G., Despont, M., Drechsler, U., Durig, U., Gotsmann, B., Haberle, W., Binnig, G.K., (2002) IEEE Trans., 1, p. 39. , Nanotechnology; Shin, J.G., Shin, H.J., Jeon, J.U., (2002) J. Korean Phys. Soc., 40, p. 145; Lee, K.H., Lee, K.B., Desu, S.B., (2003) J. Korean Phys. Soc., 42, p. 5382; Nam, H.J., Cho, S.M., Yee, Y.J., Lee, H.M., Kim, D.C., Bu, J.-U., Hong, J.H., (2001) Integ. Ferroelec., 35, p. 185; King, W.P., Santiago, J.G., Kenny, T.W., Goodson, K.E., (1999) ASME MEMS, 1, p. 583; Asheghi, M., King, W.P., Chui, B.W., Kenny, T.W., Goodson, K.E., (1999) Tech. Digest of Transducers 1999, the 10th Inter. Conf. on Solid-state Sensors and Actuators, 1, p. 1840; Eleftheriou, E., Antonakopoulos, T., Binnig, G.K., Cherubini, G., Despont, M., Dholakia, A., Durig, U., Vettiger, P., (2002) Digest of the Asia-pacific 2002, Magnetic Recording Conf., CE2. , 01-02; Lee, C., Itoh, T., Suga, T., (1996) IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 43, p. 553},
correspondence_address1={Lee, C.S.; Devices and Materials Laboratory, , Seoul 137-724, South Korea; email: sunyong@lg-elite.com},
issn={03744884},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J. Korean Phys. Soc.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Moritz20041519,
author={Moritz, J. and Buda, L. and Dieny, B. and Nozières, J.P. and Van de Veerdonk, R.J.M. and Crawford, T.M. and Weller, D.},
title={Writing and reading bits on pre-patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2004},
volume={84},
number={9},
pages={1519-1521},
doi={10.1063/1.1644341},
note={cited By 41},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642635115&doi=10.1063%2f1.1644341&partnerID=40&md5=a3544b677ec84a008ea2ec45625ef11b},
affiliation={SPINTEC, CEA/Grenoble, Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France; Seagate Research, 1251 Waterfront Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, United States},
abstract={The write and read-back processes of perpendicular pre-patterned media were investigated. It was shown that it was possible to address individual dots in these arrays, both in the down-track and cross-track directions. It was found that the signal to noise ratio (SNR), which was dominated by position jitter was independent of the bit length. It was also found that the overall jitter was limited by the lithographic process and was ∼ 10 nm for the feature sizes investigated in these samples.},
keywords={Ion etching;  Magnetic storage devices, Electron beam lithography;  Etching;  Irradiation;  Jitter;  Magnetron sputtering;  Microscopic examination;  Nanotechnology;  Nucleation;  Numerical methods;  Optical resolving power;  Signal to noise ratio;  Substrates;  Superparamagnetism, Magnetic storage},
references={Hughes, G., (2001) Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 41. , The Physics of Ultra-high-density Magnetic Recording, edited by Plumer, Van Ek, and Weller Springer, Berlin, Chap. 7; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Lebib, A., Chen, Y., Bourneix, J., Carcenac, F., Cambril, E., Couraud, L., Launois, H., (1999) Microelectron. Eng., 46, p. 319; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Terris, B., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 2473; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Zhuang, L., (1997) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 15, p. 2897; Moritz, J., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P., Landis, S., Lebib, A., Chen, Y., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 7314; Jamet, J.P., Lemerle, S., Meyer, P., Ferré, J., Bartenlian, B., Bardou, N., Chappert, C., Launois, H., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 14320; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Sin, K., Glijer, P., Sivertsen, J.M., Judy, J.H., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 1052; Svedberg, E., Khizroev, S., Litvinov, D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 5365},
correspondence_address1={Moritz, J.; SPINTEC, Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex, France},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Gurovich20041629,
author={Gurovich, B. and Kuleshova, E. and Meilikhov, E. and Maslakov, K.},
title={Selective removal of atoms as a new method for fabrication of single-domain patterned magnetic media and multi-layered nanostructures},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2004},
volume={272-276},
number={III},
pages={1629-1630},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.775},
note={cited By 6},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044486764&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2003.12.775&partnerID=40&md5=7bde46f3d2f8e88eaa5b6dd0581648af},
affiliation={Russian Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, 1. Kurchatov sq., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation},
abstract={The paper demonstrates the practical opportunities of the new phenomenon of "selective removal of atoms" for producing nanoscale patterned media. We have experimentally demonstrated the direct variation of a solid state atomic composition under exposure to the low-energy ion beam which leads to radical changes of the material physical properties of separate layers in a multi-layered structure. Using this method we have produced patterned magnetic media consisting of single-domain elongated Co-magnetic elements in Co-oxide matrix with the bit sizes from 320 × 1600 nm2 down to 20 × 100 nm2 (with the areal density of about 60 Gb/inch 2). © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Ion irradiation;  Nanoscale structure;  Patterned media;  Selective removal of atoms},
keywords={Chemical modification;  Cobalt compounds;  Energy transfer;  Ion beams;  Magnetism;  Metal insulator transition;  Multilayers;  Removal;  Solid state physics, Ion irradiation;  Nanoscale structures;  Patterned media;  Selective removal of atoms, Nanostructured materials},
references={Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M., (1976) Mechanics, Vol. 1, 3rd Edition, 1. , Butterworth-Heinemann, London; Gurovich, B.A., Dolgy, D.I., Kuleshova, E.A., Velikhov, E.P., Ol'Shansky, E.D., Domantovsky, A.G., Aronzon, B.A., Meilikhov, E.Z., (2001) Phys. Uspckhi, 44 (1), p. 95},
correspondence_address1={Gurovich, B.; Russian Research Center, 1. Kurchatov sq., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lodder20041692,
author={Lodder, J.C.},
title={Methods for preparing patterned media for high-density recording},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2004},
volume={272-276},
number={III},
pages={1692-1697},
doi={10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.259},
note={cited By 75},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15044345170&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmmm.2003.12.259&partnerID=40&md5=39deabf2f64c6fbe53ccc72e5079ef62},
affiliation={Systems and Materials for Information Storage, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands},
abstract={The areal bit density of magnetic disk recording has made a colossal increase over the last decades. Extrapolation leads to recording parameters not likely to be achieved without changes in the present way of storing magnetic data. One of the potential solutions is the use of patterned media, which should consist of a regular two-dimensional array of single domain dots with large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Such media will shift the super paramagnetic limit positively in comparison with the present thin film media. Theoretically, a bit density in the order of Tbpsi is possible. This paper will discuss the most valuable methods for preparing patterned media. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  Nanolithography},
keywords={Antiferromagnetism;  Data transfer;  Magnetic disk storage;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanotechnology;  Paramagnetism;  Signal to noise ratio;  Thin films, Longitudinal magnetic recording (LMR);  Magnetic energy;  Magnetic nanoparticles;  Superparamagnetic effect, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Stichting voor de Technische WetenschappenStichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen, STW},
funding_text 1={The author thanks the SMI-group members for their contributions and the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) for financial assistance.},
references={Stoev, K., (2002) Abstract Ag-08, 47th MMM, , Tampa, November; Mallery, M., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn, 38 (4), p. 1719; Sun, S., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Jaap, J.M., Ruigrok, J., (2001) Magn. Soc. Jpn, 25, p. 313; White, R.L., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Todorovic, M., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett, 74 (17), p. 2516; Chappert, C., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Chou, S.Y., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 155, p. 151; Rousseaux, F., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 2787; Ross, C.A., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B6, p. 316; Carl, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), p. 3106; Haast, M.A.M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), p. 1006; Albrecht, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (18), p. 3409; Rettner, C.T., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (2), p. 279; Dial, O., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, p. 3887; New, R.M.H., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196; Krauss, P.R., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 2850; O'Barr, R., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 4730; Chou, S.Y., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101; Allenspach, R., (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, p. 3598; Aign, T., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 (25), p. 5656; Traverse, A., (1989) Europhys. Lett., 8 (7), p. 633; Garcia, P.F., (1990) App. Phys. Lett., 56 (23), p. 2345; Ferre, J., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 198-199, p. 191; Weller, D., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87 (9), p. 5768; Dietzel, A., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 1952; Rettner, C.T., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37 (4), p. 1649; Lohau, J., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78 (7), p. 990; Albrecht, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (18), p. 3409; Albrecht, M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (15), p. 2875; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), p. 521; Guan, L., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (5), p. 2297; Johnson, L.F., (1978) Appl. Opt., 17, p. 1165; Anderson, E.H., (1983) Appl. Phys. Lett., 43, p. 874; Wu, W., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, p. 3825; Schattenburg, M.L., (1991) Opt. Eng., 30, p. 1590; Fernandez, A., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 4472; Wassermann, E.F., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 83, p. 1753; Farhoud, M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1087; Haast, M.A.M., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1006; Spallas, J.P., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 2005; Savas, T.A., (1996) J. Vac. Technol. B, 14, p. 4167; Hinsberg, W., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, p. 3689; Savas, T.A., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 2732; Yen, A., (1992) Appl. Opt., 31, p. 4540; Yen, A., (1992) Applied Opt., 31, p. 2972; Chou, S.Y., (1995) APL, 67 (21), p. 3114; Heidari, B., (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (6), p. 3557; Haisma, J., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14 (6), p. 4124; Bailey, T., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (6), p. 3572; Wei, W., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16 (6), p. 3825; McClelland, G.M., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 (8), p. 1483; Carcenac, F., Micr. Eng., 53 (200), p. 163; Moritz, J., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91 (10), p. 7314; Cheng, J.Y., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 2541; Naito, K., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38 (5), p. 1949; Weller, D., IMST2002 Presentation, , Exeter, UK},
correspondence_address1={Lodder, J.C.; Systems and Materials for Information Storage, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; email: j.c.lodder@utwente.nl},
publisher={Elsevier},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Albrecht20034363,
author={Albrecht, M. and Rettner, C.T. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Magnetic coercivity patterns for magnetic recording on patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2003},
volume={83},
number={21},
pages={4363-4365},
doi={10.1063/1.1630153},
note={cited By 27},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346846583&doi=10.1063%2f1.1630153&partnerID=40&md5=5527718f16035fca0c168d194573edd8},
affiliation={Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={An overview is given of a type of magnetic servo pattern made by locally altering the magnetic coercivity of a perpendicular anisotropy film where the FIB-irradiated areas are permanently defined and easily recovered in their exact positions by applying a uniform magnetic field. The generated magnetic pattern can be integrated as a servo pattern along with the data pattern, which allows single patterned media bits to be written with positioning accuracy of better than 10 nm, well below the lithographic resolution and sensor track width.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Irradiation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Nanostructured materials;  Soft magnetic materials, Ion irradiation;  Magnetic pattern;  Single domain nanostructured, Magnetic recording},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978; Bertran, H.N., Zhou, H., Gustafson, R., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1845; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875; Barbic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1657; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5117; Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., Anders, S., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 4696; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018},
correspondence_address1={Terris, B.D.; Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: bruce.terris@hgst.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hughes2003,
author={Hughes, G.F.},
title={Read channels for pre-patterned media, with trench playback},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2003},
pages={DT07},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Intermag 2003: International Magnetics Conference ; Conference Date: 28 March 2003 Through 3 April 2003;  Conference Code:61560},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141679341&partnerID=40&md5=582b7d20eae05651f5f494a236a5a0bf},
affiliation={Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, USCD, San Diego, CA, United States},
abstract={The read channels for pre-patterned media with trench playback were analyzed. The trench media can produce significant playback signals, as the maximum trench depth is comparable to the bit size. By DC magnetizing the trenches, the signal produced was a repeatable single polarity pulse.},
keywords={Error correction;  Lithography;  Magnetic heads;  Videodisks, Patterned media, Magnetic recording},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, , Ch. 7, edited by Jan van Ek, Dieter Weller, and Martin Plumer (Springer, Heidelberg, June); Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., Anders, S., McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording on Patterned Magnetic Media (2001) 2002 TMRC; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Mag., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, G.F.; Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA, United States},
sponsors={Magnetics Society of the IEEE},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Albrecht2003,
author={Albrecht, M. and Ganesan, S. and Rettner, C.T. and Moser, A. and Best, M.E. and White, R.L. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Patterned perpendicular and longitudinal media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2003},
pages={DE09},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Intermag 2003: International Magnetics Conference ; Conference Date: 28 March 2003 Through 3 April 2003;  Conference Code:61560},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141456441&partnerID=40&md5=12da9d2e3237eab83793af6e13f98a59},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States},
abstract={A study comparing the recording performance of perpendicular and longitudinal media was presented. The recording experiments were carried out using a static write/read tester equipped with a longitudinal giant magneto-resistive recording head. Writing and read back of individual longitudinal and perpendicular islands with periodicity that would support bit densities of up to 200 Gbit/in2 were obtained.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetoresistance;  Microscopic examination, Focused ion beam (FIB), Magnetic recording},
references={Moser, A., Weller, D., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Ganesan, S., Park, C.M., Hattori, K., Park, H.C., White, R.L., Koo, H., Gomez, R.D., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2987; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Moser, A., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 2875},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, M.; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
sponsors={Magnetics Society of the IEEE},
address={Boston, MA},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ohkubo2003413,
author={Ohkubo, T. and Tanaka, K. and Hirota, T. and Itao, K. and Kato, K. and Ichihara, S. and Ohmi, M. and Maeda, H. and Niwa, T. and Mitsuoka, Y. and Nakajima, K.},
title={High speed sub-micron bit detection using tapered aperture mounted optical slider flying above a patterned metal medium},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2003},
volume={9},
number={6-7},
pages={413-419},
doi={10.1007/s00542-002-0272-9},
note={cited By 5},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242664132&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-002-0272-9&partnerID=40&md5=7c0009dda326443b848da5b8f678f227},
affiliation={Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Seiko Instruments Inc., 563 Takatsuka-Shinden, Matsudo-Shi, Chiba 270-2222, Japan},
abstract={Rapid advances in the development of the digital network society have necessitated both large capacity and higher data transfer rate for every type of digital storage equipment. Proximity optical recording based on the near-field interaction principle promises to provide breakthroughs in overcoming rigid optical diffraction limits and wave length shortening limits. We have previously presented a compact optical head assembly consisting of a combination of a pyramidal hole processed silicon slider and light-wave guide combined suspension. Attaining higher recording density requires both a much smaller sized aperture and a highly efficient laser power delivery mechanism. To satisfy these requirements, we have introduced a planar lens and tapered aperture processed optical slider, delivering laser power through a single mode optical fiber, and we have demonstrated sub-micron size (150-200 nm-long) bit signals at more than a 10 MHz frequency band.},
keywords={Density (optical);  Optical fibers;  Optical waveguides;  Silicon, Laser power, Optical recording},
references={Davis, J., Beyond the superparamagnetic limit II: Far-field recording (1998) Data Storage, pp. 33-36. , Feb; Isshiki, F., Ito, K., Etoh, K., Hosaka, S., 1.5-Mbit/s direct readout of line-and-space patterns using a scanning near-field optical microscopy probe slider with air-bearing control (2000) Appl Phys Lett, 76 (7), pp. 804-806; Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Maeda, H., Oumi, M., Niwa, T., Mitsuoka, Y., Nalajima, K., Itao, K., High-Speed Readout Using Small Near-Field Optical Head Module with Horizontal Light Introduction through Optical Fiber (2002) The Digest of ISOM.ODS 2002, , to appear; Knight, G., Beyond the superparamagnetic limit I: Near-field recording (1998) Data Storage, pp. 23-30. , Feb; Mansfield, S.M., Studenmund, W.R., Kino, G.S., Osato, K., High-numerical aperture system for optical storage (1993) Opt Lett, 18 (4), pp. 305-307; Ohkubo, T., Hashimoto, M., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Mechanical characteristics of an optical flying-head assembly with visible light-wave guide flexure (2000) J Info Storage Proc Syst, 2, pp. 323-330; Ohkubo, T., Tanaka, K., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Shinohara, Y., Nakajima, K., Readout signal evaluation of optical flying head slider with visible light-wave guide (2002) Microsys Technol, 8 (2-3), pp. 212-219; Shinohara, Y., Miktsuoka, Y., Oumi, M., Kasama, N., Maeda, H., Kato, K., Ichihara, S., Itao, K., (2001) Optical Data Storage Equipment, , Japanese Patent, Appl. No. 2001-189769 (In Japanese); Yoshikawa, H., Andoh, Y., Yamamoto, M., Fukuzawa, K., Tamamura, T., Ohkubo, T., 7.5 MHz data transfer rate with a planar aperture mounted upon a near-field optical slider (2000) Opt Lett, 25 (1), pp. 67-69},
correspondence_address1={Ohkubo, T.; Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan; email: tobkubo@eng.toyo.ac.jp},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aziz2003232,
author={Aziz, M.M. and Middleton, B.K. and Wright, C.D.},
title={Signal-to-noise ratios in recorded patterned media},
journal={IEE Proceedings: Science, Measurement and Technology},
year={2003},
volume={150},
number={5},
pages={232-236},
doi={10.1049/ip-smt:20030865},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141904723&doi=10.1049%2fip-smt%3a20030865&partnerID=40&md5=faf127671be02d504dbd2d6269a80f45},
affiliation={School of Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={The replay flux from isolated and sequences of recorded patterned elements was analysed and analytical expressions for the replay spectra were derived. The noise arising from bit size variations and bit position jitter has been modelled analytically allowing expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio for patterned media to be presented.},
keywords={Approximation theory;  Fourier transforms;  Geometry;  Magnetic devices;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetization, Head field function;  Magnetic media;  Replay flux, Signal to noise ratio},
references={White, R.I., New, R.M., Pease, F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 GBit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Ikeda, Y., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic characterization and recording properties of patterned Co70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1725-1730; Aziz, M.M., Wright, C.D., Middleton, B.K., Du, H., Nutter, P.W., Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, pp. 1964-1966; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 2310-2312; Shtrikman, S., Smith, D.R., Analytical formulas for the unshielded magnetoresistive head (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 1987-1994; Wright, C.D., Hill, E.W., A reciprocity-based approach to understanding magnetic force microscopy (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 4144-4146; Middleton, B.K., The recording and reproducing processes (1996) Magnetic Recording Technology, , in Mee, C.D. and Daniel, E.D. (Eds.); (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2nd Edn.); Lathi, B.P., (1998) Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, , (Oxford University Press, New York, 3rd Edn.); Bertram, H.N., Theory of magnetic recording (1994), (Cambridge University Press, London)},
correspondence_address1={Aziz, M.M.; School of Engineering, , Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom},
issn={13502344},
coden={ISMTE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEE Proc Sci Meas Technol},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Dietzel20031152,
author={Dietzel, A. and Berger, R. and Loeschner, H. and Stengl, G. and Bruenger, W.H. and Leizkus, F.},
title={Nanopatterning of magnetic disks by single-step Ar+ ion projection},
journal={Advanced Materials},
year={2003},
volume={15},
number={14},
pages={1152-1155},
doi={10.1002/adma.200304943},
note={cited By 20},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042661010&doi=10.1002%2fadma.200304943&partnerID=40&md5=041c54de55913c9172810c66aff4a449},
affiliation={IBM Speichersysteme GmbH, Hechtsheimersir. 2, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; IMS Nanofabrication GmbH, Schreygasse 3, A-1020 Vienna, Austria; Fraunhofer ISiT, Fraunhoterstr. 1, D-25524 Itzehole, Germany; Inst. fur Mikroelektronik Stuttgart, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany},
abstract={A single-step process for a cost-effective patterning of future magnetic recording media is presented. This technique implies media with bit-islands that are magnetically softer than the surrounding matrix. Simulations reveal that the lateral straggle of intermixing events that potentially limits the resolution of IPDS with Ar+ is clearly below 6 nm given by Hughes as a projected value for the bit cell spacing in patterned media with 1 Tbit/in2 storage density.},
keywords={Argon;  Computer simulation;  Etching;  Lithography;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetometers;  Monte Carlo methods;  Morphology;  Multilayers;  Superparamagnetism, Magnetic defects;  Magnetic disks;  Magnetic hard disk drives, Nanostructured materials},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423; Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., (2000) IBM J. Res. Dev., 44, p. 310; Ross, C., (2001) Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 31, p. 203; Hughes, G.F., (2001) The Physics of Ultrahigh-High-Density Magnetic Recording, , (Eds: M. L. Plumer, J. van Ek, D. Weller), Springer, Berlin; Ch. 7; Dietzel, A., (2003) Nanoelectronics and Information Technology, , (Ed: R. Waser), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim; Ch. 24; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Warin, P., Hyndman, R., Glerak, J., Chapman, J.N., Ferre, J., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3850; Hyndman, R., Mougin, A., Repain, V., Ferre, J., Jamet, J.P., Gierak, J., Mailly, D., Chapman, J.N., (2001) Trans. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 2, p. 175; Carl, A., Kirsch, S., Lohau, J., Weinforth, H., Wassermann, E.F., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 3106; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1996) Science, 272, p. 85; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1483; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Devolder, J.T., Chappert, C., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Bernas, H., Jamet, J.P., Ferre, J., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 3383; Loeschner, H., Stengl, G., Kaesmaier, R., Wolter, A., (2001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 19, p. 2520; Dietzel, A., Berger, R., Grimm, H., Schug, C., Bruenger, W.H., Dzionk, C., Letzkus, F., Adam, D., (2002) Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 705, p. 279; Dietzel, A., Berger, R., Grimm, H., Bruenger, W.H., Dzionk, C., Letzkus, F., Springer, R., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1952; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Baglin, J.E.E., Thompson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 279; Hyndman, R., Warin, P., Gierak, J., Ferre, J., Chapman, J.N., Jamet, J.P., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 90, p. 3843; Vieu, C., Gierak, J., Lanois, H., Aign, T., Meyer, P., Jamet, J.P., Ferre, J., Mathet, V., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 3103; Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Denbeaux, G., Thomas, G., Terris, B.D., Weller, D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 2211; Aign, T., Meyer, P., Lemerle, S., Jamet, J.P., Ferre, J., Mathet, V., Chappert, C., Bernas, H., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, p. 5656; note; Letzkus, F., Butschke, J., Höfflinger, B., Irmscher, M., Reuter, C., Springer, R., Erhmann, A., Mathuni, J., (2000) Microelectron. Eng., 53, p. 609; Weller, D., Folks, L., Best, M., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., Kusinski, G.J., Krishnan, K.M., Thomas, G., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 7525},
correspondence_address1={Dietzel, A.; IBM Speichersysteme GmbH, Hechtsheimersir. 2, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; email: andreas.dietzel@gmx.de},
issn={09359648},
coden={ADVME},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Adv Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Bogdanov2003381,
author={Bogdanov, A.L. and Holmqvist, T. and Jedrasik, P. and Nilsson, B.},
title={Dual pass electron beam writing of bit arrays with sub-100 nm bits on imprint lithography masters for patterned media production},
journal={Microelectronic Engineering},
year={2003},
volume={67-68},
pages={381-389},
doi={10.1016/S0167-9317(03)00093-5},
note={cited By 7; Conference of Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on MNE ; Conference Date: 16 September 2002 Through 19 September 2002;  Conference Code:61077},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038359098&doi=10.1016%2fS0167-9317%2803%2900093-5&partnerID=40&md5=f402b89df32d9f1d09e10961448f01b4},
affiliation={OBDUCAT Technologies AB, Box 580, SE-201 25, Malmö, Sweden; MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden},
abstract={A model and experimental results of a new method for exposing bit arrays with electron beam lithography are presented. The method allows the reduction of the amount of pattern data by orders of magnitude. The method utilises two overlapped exposures. In the first exposure a 1-D array of parallel stripes is written and in the second exposure another 1-D array of parallel stripes orthogonal to the first ones. Exposure dose is chosen so that after development only the areas where a positive resist have been subjected to overlapped exposure are fully developed. The bit size is determined by the widths of the stripes. In order to compensate for an approximately 50% loss of contrast a contrast enhancement scheme utilizing a trilayer resist was used. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Electron beam;  Lithography;  Nanoimprint;  Patterned media},
keywords={Data reduction;  Electron beam lithography;  Electron beams;  Mathematical models, Patterned media, Arrays},
references={McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, pp. 1483-1485; Snape, C.A., (2001) Developing e-Beam Technology at Unaxis Nimbus, , http://www.oto-online.com/current_issue/ebeam.html, September; http://www.obducat.com/sida_22.asp; Egerton, R.P., (1986) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy in the Electron Microscopy, p. 304. , New York: Plenum Press},
correspondence_address1={Bogdanov, A.L.; OBDUCAT Technologies AB, , SE-201 25, Malmö, Sweden; email: alexei.bogdanov@obducat.com},
editor={Brugger J., Gobrecht J., Rothuizen H., Staufer U., Vettig P.},
address={Lugano},
issn={01679317},
coden={MIENE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microelectron Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hughes2003,
author={Hughes, G.F.},
title={Read channels for pre-patterned media, with trench playback},
journal={Intermag 2003 - Program of the 2003 IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2003},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2003.1230514},
art_number={1230514},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2003 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, Intermag 2003 ; Conference Date: 30 March 2003 Through 3 April 2003;  Conference Code:114081},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949514804&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2003.1230514&partnerID=40&md5=6c6789ea58476c877a4878f1fe67f3a8},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, USCD, San Diego, CA, United States},
abstract={In this paper, the trench media can produce significant playback signals, since the maximum trench depth is comparable to the bit size a lithographic minimum feature size requirement. By DC magnetizing the trenches, their signal is a repeatable signal polarity pulse (bit writing must not switch the trench media). © 2003 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Bit error rate;  Disk recording;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Physics;  Plastics;  Substrates;  Sun;  Switches},
keywords={Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Physics;  Plastics;  Substrates;  Sun;  Switches, Bit size;  Disk recording;  Minimum feature sizes;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic recording;  Read channels;  Signal polarity;  Trench depth, Bit error rate},
references={Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, , Ch. 7, edited by Jan van Ek, Dieter Weller, and Martin Plumer Springer, Heidelberg, June; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., Anders, S., McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Recording on Patterned Magnetic Media 2002 TMRC; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Mag., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, G.F.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, United States},
sponsors={Magnetics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780376471; 9780780376472},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Intermag - Program IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Albrecht200336,
author={Albrecht, M. and Rettner, C.T. and Thomson, T. and McClelland, G.M. and Hart, M.W. and Anders, S. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Magnetic recording on patterned media},
journal={Joint NAPMRC 2003 - Digest of Technical Papers [Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference]},
year={2003},
pages={36},
doi={10.1109/NAPMRC.2003.1177040},
art_number={1177040},
note={cited By 2; Conference of Joint 2nd North American Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference, NAPMRC 2003 and 6th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference ; Conference Date: 6 January 2003 Through 8 January 2003;  Conference Code:113817},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952668936&doi=10.1109%2fNAPMRC.2003.1177040&partnerID=40&md5=6019e1b9bb6f2dced9ec378d4325e0b5},
affiliation={IBM, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA  95120, United States},
abstract={Summary form only given. The storage density of conventional thin film recording media, where each bit is comprised of several hundred grains, is limited by superparmagnetism, since thermal excitation of the magnetization may degrade recorded information. Patterned magnetic media where magnetic bits are recorded on pre-defined, single-domain islands is one of the proposed approaches for extending magnetic storage densities beyond the limit set by thermal decay for conventional media. In this paper we discuss writing and reading from single domain magnetic islands with a conventional recording head, compare the performance to unpatterned media, and present a possible manufacturable approach to achieving run-scale patterning over disk sized areas. © 2003 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Disk recording;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic memory;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Pulp manufacturing;  Thermal degradation;  Transistors;  Writing},
keywords={Magnetic domains;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Magnetization;  Pyrolysis;  Technical writing;  Transistors, Disk recording;  Magnetic memory;  Patterned magnetic media;  Patterned medias;  Pulp manufacturing;  Storage densities;  Thermal excitation;  Thin film recording media, Magnetic storage},
references={Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6845; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1483},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, M.; IBM, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, United States},
sponsors={Committee 144; Japan Society for Promotion of Science; National Science Foundation; The Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineering; The Magnetics Society of Japan},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={078037746X; 9780780377462},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Jt. NAPMRC - Dig. Tech. Pap. [Perpendicular Magn. Rec. Conf.]},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Baglin200353,
author={Baglin, J.E.E. and Sun, S. and Kellock, A.J. and Thomson, T. and Toney, M.F. and Terris, B.D. and Murray, C.B.},
title={Ion Beam Stabilization of FePt Nanoparticle Arrays for Magnetic Storage Media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings},
year={2003},
volume={777},
pages={53-58},
doi={10.1557/proc-777-t6.5},
note={cited By 5; Conference of Nanostructuring Materials with Energetic Beams ; Conference Date: 22 April 2003 Through 23 April 2003;  Conference Code:61707},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242290943&doi=10.1557%2fproc-777-t6.5&partnerID=40&md5=15398b78c67f5bb89f18d0373ee86bac},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Materials Research Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3116, United States; IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States; Hitachi San Jose Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; Stanford Synchrt. Radiat. Laboratory, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States},
abstract={We describe the use of ion beam induced crosslinking to harden the organic matrix material of self-assembled arrays of monodisperse (4 nm) FePt nanoparticles, providing diamondlike carbon barriers to inhibit agglomeration of the nanoparticles under heat treatment. Such stabilization is necessary for the particles to survive the &gt;500°C annealing required for growth of the fct L10 phase of FePt, whose magnetic anisotropy is necessary for application of such arrays for high density recording. Selective area irradiation of continuous nanoparticle coatings, using ion beams patterned over a full disk by stencil mask or with ion projection optics, followed by dissolution of the unexposed coating, is proposed as a means of fabricating extended bit patterns consisting of isolated "islands" of FePt nanoparticles, with characteristic dimensions of tens of nanometers.},
keywords={Agglomeration;  Annealing;  Heat treatment;  Ion beams;  Iron compounds;  Irradiation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Nanostructured materials, High density recording, Magnetic disk storage},
references={Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989; Sun, S., Anders, S., Hamann, H.F., Thiele, J.-U., Baglin, J.E.E., Thomson, T., Fullerton, E.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) J. Am. Chem Soc., 124, p. 2884; Sun, S., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Baglin, J.E.E., Toney, M.F., Hamann, H.F., Murray, C.B., Terris, B.D., (2003) J. Phys. Chem, B., 107, p. 5419; Anders, S., Toney, M.F., Thomson, T., Farrow, R.F.C., Thiele, J.-U., Terris, B.D., Sun, S., Murray, C.B., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 6299; Lee, E.H., Ion Beam Modification of Polyimides (1996) Polyimides: Fundamentals and Applications, , Chapter 17, eds. M.K. Ghosh and K. Mittal, Marcel Dekker, New York; Calcagno, L., Compagnini, G., Foti, G., (1992) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 865, p. 413; Marietta, G., Chemical and Physical Property Modification Induced by Ion Irradiation in Polymers (1995) Materials and Processes for Surface and Interface Enginering, p. 597. , ed. Y. Pauleau, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht; Thomson, T., Toney, M.F., IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA. unpublished, (2001); Hamann, H.F., Sun, S., Baglin, J.E.E., (2003) Method and Apparatus for Linking and/or Patterning Self-assembled Objects, , US Patent No. 6566665, issued May 20; Terris, B.D., Weller, D., Folks, L., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 7004; Dietzel, A., Berger, R., Loeschner, H., Platzgummer, E., Stengl, G., Bruenger, W.H., Letzkus, F., (2003) Advanced Materials, , to be published; Loeschner, H., Fantner, E.J., Komtner, R., Platzgummer, E., Stengl, G., Zeininger, M., Baglin, J.E.E., Merhari, L., (2003) Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 739, pp. H131; Woods, S.I., Ingvarsson, S., Kirtley, J.R., Hamann, H.F., Koch, R.H., (2002) Appl. Phys. Letters, 81, p. 1267; Chang, G.S., Callcott, T.A., Zhang, G.P., Woods, G.T., Kim, S.H., Shin, S.W., Jeong, K., Moewes, A., (2002) Appl. Phys. Letters, 81, p. 3016},
correspondence_address1={Baglin, J.E.E.; IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
publisher={Materials Research Society},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes20032564,
author={Hughes, G.F.},
title={Read Channels for Prepatterned Media With Trench Playback},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2003},
volume={39},
number={5 II},
pages={2564-2566},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2003.816479},
note={cited By 11},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141919409&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2003.816479&partnerID=40&md5=548aed8c07e507024129ddcea7bd969f},
affiliation={Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={Patterned media can be prepared by depositing conventional continuous-film media on prepatterned substrates, such as DVD-like plastic disks. Significant playback signals are produced from media deposited in the substrate trenches, at terabits-per-inch2 lithographic feature size limits. Three recording channels are analyzed to deal with these signals - standard symmetric-pulse partial response maximum likelihood (ignoring the trench signal), an asymmetric partial response channel with different positive and negative pulse targets, and simple cancellation of the trench signal. The latter has the best bit-error rate (BER), even with 10% cancellation errors. Perpendicular media without an underlayer had superior BER to horizontal.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  Patterned media;  Patterned substrates},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Error analysis;  Lithography;  Maximum likelihood estimation;  Substrates;  Videodisks, Read channels, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNational Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, 70NANB1H3022},
funding_details={U.S. Department of CommerceU.S. Department of Commerce, DOC},
funding_details={International Business Machines CorporationInternational Business Machines Corporation, IBM},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received December 30, 2002. This work was supported in part by GE, IBM, and Imation, under an Advanced Technology Project by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Program, Cooperative Agreement 70NANB1H3022, and also by INSIC.},
references={White, R.L., Newt, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gb/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media (2001) The Physics of High Density Magnetic Recording, , J. van Ek, D. Weller, and M. Plumer, Eds. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, ch. 7; Moritz, J., Landis, S., Toussaint, J.C., Bayle-Guillemaud, P., Rodmacq, B., Casali, G., Lebib, A., Dieny, J.P.B., Patterned media made from pre-etched wafers: A promising route toward ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., pp. 1731-1736. , July; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., Spin stand study of density dependence of switching proprieties in patterned media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 2999-3001. , Sept; Barbic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Recording processes in perpendicular patterned media using longitudinal magnetic recording heads (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, pp. 1657-1660. , July; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Thomson, T., McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Anders, S., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Magnetic recording on patterned media (2003) 2nd North American Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conf. (NAPMRC2003) MP20, , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 2310-2312. , Sept; Neal Bertram, H., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 521-527. , Mar; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29. , Jan; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Investigation of advanced position error signal patterns in patterned media (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5117-5119. , May},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, G.F.; Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: gfhughes@ucsd.edu},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Mayes2003624,
author={Mayes, E. and Bewick, A. and Gleeson, D. and Hoinville, J. and Jones, R. and Kasyutich, O. and Nartowski, A. and Warne, B. and Wiggins, J. and Wong, K.K.W.},
title={Biologically derived nanomagnets in self-organized patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2003},
volume={39},
number={2},
pages={624-627},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2003.808982},
note={cited By 48},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037360033&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2003.808982&partnerID=40&md5=3e90ba96d022f9be59e7b4fdb78b949a},
affiliation={NanoMagnetics Ltd., Bristol BS16 7FG, United Kingdom},
abstract={Chemically synthesized high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles have demonstrated thermal stability and extremely narrow size distributions that are critical for reducing noise in future media applications. Due to their monodispersity, they also exhibit emergent self-patterning that could potentially support bit-per-particle densities up to 2 to 8 Tb/cm2 (10 to 50 Tb/in2). The authors report on the challenges and progress in developing self-organized nanoparticle arrays for magnetic recording at densities up to and beyond 30 Gb/cm2 (200 Gb/in2), and in particular describe the beneficial use of biological templates in developing such media. CoPt grains are prepared within monodisperse protein spheres from aqueous reactants. with synthesis conditions controlling grain size, structure, and composition. Dispersions of these protein-encapsulated grains can be induced to form patterned precursor films that retain long range order irrespective of a distribution in grain size. Assemblies are annealed to form films of L10 phase nanomagnets within carbonized shells that can support stable transitions up to 1 Gb/cm2 (6 Gb/in2).},
author_keywords={Magnetic films;  Magnetic liquids;  Magnetic recording;  Nanotechnology},
keywords={Biological materials;  Biosynthesis;  Cobalt compounds;  Grain size and shape;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic films;  Magnetic fluids;  Magnetic recording;  Nanostructured materials;  Nanotechnology;  Particle size analysis;  Thermodynamic stability, Biologically derived nanomagnets;  Bit per particle densities;  Magnetic liquids;  Monodispersity;  Protein encapsulated grains;  Self organized patterned media, Magnetic materials},
references={Sun, S., Weller, D., Murray, C.B., Self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle arrays (2001) The Physics of Ultra-High-Density Magnetic Recording, pp. 249-276. , M. L. Plumer, J. van Ek, and D. Weller, Eds. New York: Springer-Verlag; Sellmyer, D.J., Luo, C.P., Yan, M.L., Liu, Y., High-anisotropic nanocomposite films for magnetic recording (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, pp. 1286-1291. , July; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M.F., Schwickert, M., Doermer, M.F., High Ku material approach to 100 Gbits/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 10-15. , Jan; Sun, S., Weller, D., Self assembling magnetic nanomaterials (2001) J. Mag. Soc. Jpn., 25, pp. 1434-1440; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; Weller, D., (2001), Pittsburgh, PA, private communication; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Synthesis of monodisperse cobalt nanocrystals and their assembly into magnetic supperlattices (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 4325-4330; Zhang, X., Chan, K., Microemulsion synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of platinum-cobalt nanoparticles (2002) J. Mater. Chem., 12, pp. 1203-1206; Warne, B., Kasyutich, O.I., Mayes, E.L., Wiggins, J.A.L., Wong, K.K.W., Self assembled nanoparticulate Co: Pt for data storage applications (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 3009-3011. , Nov; Tsang, S.C., Qiu, J., Harris, P.J.F., Fu, Q.J., Zhang, N., Synthesis of fullerenic nanocapsules from bio-molecule carbonization (2000) Chem. Phys. Lett., 322, pp. 553-560; Harrison, P.M., Artymiuk, P.J., Ford, G.C., Lawson, D.M., Smith, J.M.A., Treffry, A., White, J.L., Ferritin: Function and structural design of an iron-storage protein (1989) Biomineralization: Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, pp. 257-294. , S. Mann, J. Webb, and R. J. P. Williams, Eds. Weinheim, Germany: VCH; Meldrum, F.C., Douglas, T., Levi, S., Arosio, P., Mann, S., Reconstitution of manganese oxide cores in horse spleen and recombinant ferritins (1995) J. Inorg. Biochem., 58, pp. 59-68; Wong, K.K.W., Douglas, T., Gider, S., Awschalom, D.D., Mann, S., Biomimetic synthesis and characterization of magnetic proteins (magnetoferritin) (1998) Chem. Mat., 10, pp. 279-285; Wong, K.K.W., Mann, S., Biomimetic synthesis of cadmium sulfide-ferritin nanocomposites (1996) Adv. Mater., 8, pp. 928-933; Mayes, E., Biologically-derived nanomagnets for ultrahigh density magnetic recording J. Mag. Soc. Japan, , submitted for publication; Nagayama, K., Takeda, S., Endo, S., Yoshimura, H., Fabrication and control of two-dimensional crystalline arrays of protein molecules (1995) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, pp. 3947-3954; Funk, F., Lenders, J.P., Crichton, R.R., Scheinder, W., Reductive mobilization of ferritin iron (1985) Euro. J. Biochem., 152, pp. 167-172; Zeng, H., Sun, S., Vedantam, T.S., Liu, J.P., Dai, Z., Wang, Z., Exchange-coupled FePt nanoparticle assembly (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, pp. 2583-2585; Cheng, J.Y., Ross, C.A., Chan, V.Z.H., Thomas, E.L., Lamertink, R.G.H., Vancso, G.J., Fabrication of nanopatterned thin films using self-assembled block copolymer lithography (2001) Adv. Mater., 13, pp. 1174-1178},
issn={00189464},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Albrecht2002,
author={Albrecht, M. and Rettner, C.T. and Moser, A. and Anders, S. and Thomson, T. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Recording properties of patterned Co70Pt18Cr12 perpendicular media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2002},
pages={AB09},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2002 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:60350},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18144447875&partnerID=40&md5=e459eb0665d7b74e962d23ef5365ec38},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Recording properties of patterned and unpatterned media were evaluated using a static write/read tester. This instrument used a conventional giant magneto-resistance recording head in contact with the sample. Transition position jitter of patterned and unpatterned media was compared by writing square wave bit patterns on single island rows and narrow strips. It was found that patterning reduced jitter and analysis of the waveforms indicated more than 10x reduction.},
keywords={Giant magnetoresistance;  Ion beams;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic thin films;  Microscopes, Magnetic force microscopes (MFM), Magnetic recording},
references={Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, M.; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: malbrech@us.ibm.com},
sponsors={IEEE},
address={Amsterdam},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Aziz2002,
author={Aziz, M.M. and Wright, C.D. and Middleton, B.K. and Du, H. and Vorathitikul, V. and Valera-Perez, J. and Gonzalez-Arcelus, I.},
title={Signal and noise characterestics of patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2002},
pages={FP11},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2002 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:60350},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036917105&partnerID=40&md5=ab5bd040c13225102d56952e355b37b1},
affiliation={School of Eng. and Computer Science, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media were discussed. Signal-to-noise ratio was evaluated in terms of optimum bit size and transducer geometry. Results showed a rectangular magnetic islands of length 50nm, height 30nm and width 50nm with periodicity 100nm giving an areal density of 65 Gbits/inch2.},
keywords={Electric potential;  Jitter;  Magnetization;  Signal to noise ratio;  Spurious signal noise;  Transducers, Magnetic islands, Magnetic materials},
references={Wright, C.D., Hill, E.W., A reciprocity-based approach to understanding magnetic force microscopy (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (5), pp. 4144-4146; www.exeter.ac.uk/dsn},
correspondence_address1={Aziz, M.M.; School of Eng. and Computer Science, , Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom},
sponsors={IEEE},
address={Amsterdam},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{You2002,
author={You, D. and Zheng, Y. and Liu, Z. and Guo, Z. and Wu, Y.},
title={MFM study of magnetic bit patterns of different dimensions},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2002},
pages={DU02},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2002 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:60350},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036913093&partnerID=40&md5=95f5ee3e94b7f2637a68303027535cf9},
affiliation={Nano Spin Electronics, Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Elec. and Comp. Eng., National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore},
abstract={The magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was used to study the magnetic property of each bit and the interaction between the transitions created by the discontinuity of magnetization at the edges of bits. The single domain structures were formed as the bit dimension was reduced to 200 nm or less. The interplay between the magnetostatic energy and exchange energy for the patterned media bits was demonstrated.},
keywords={Ion beams;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetization;  Magnetostatics;  Microscopic examination, Magnetic bit patterns, Magnetic recording},
correspondence_address1={You, D.; Nano Spin Electronics, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; email: dyou@dsi.nus.edu.sg},
sponsors={IEEE},
address={Amsterdam},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Albrecht20022875,
author={Albrecht, M. and Rettner, C.T. and Moser, A. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Recording performance of high-density patterned perpendicular magnetic media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2002},
volume={81},
number={15},
pages={2875-2877},
doi={10.1063/1.1512946},
note={cited By 141},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956024774&doi=10.1063%2f1.1512946&partnerID=40&md5=d7bb9e90a4bf353c0f637b3112f2a4ce},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Isolated tracks of magnetic single-domain islands have been fabricated by patterning perpendicular Co70Cr18Pt12 continuous films using focused-ion-beam lithography, reaching areal densities as high as ∼200 Gbit/in2. We demonstrate writing and reading of individual islands using a quasistatic write/read tester. We present results on transition position jitter and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for patterned media and compare them with those on equivalent unpatterned strips of the media. We observe that patterning dramatically reduces jitter and improves SNR, which is independent of track width. Moreover, the synchronization requirements needed for writing bits in patterned media was investigated on a single row of islands revealing a significant "write window," where islands can be written correctly, of about half the island period. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Areal densities;  Continuous films;  High-density;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular magnetic media;  Position jitter;  Quasi-static;  Recording performance;  Signal to noise;  Single domains;  Track width, Cobalt;  Nanoimprint lithography;  Platinum;  Signal to noise ratio, Jitter},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919. , sci SCIEAS 0036-8075; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Li, S.P., Lew, W.S., Bland, J.A.C., Lopez-Diaz, L., Natali, M., Vaz, C.A.F., Chen, Y., (2002) Nature (London), 415, p. 600. , nat NATUAS 0028-0836; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652. , iee IEEPAD 0018-9219; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168. , jvb JVTBD9 0734-211X; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 12271. , prb PRBMDO 0163-1829; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 784. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Albrecht, M., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2002) IEEE Trans. Magn., 38, p. 1725. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; McClelland, G.M., Hart, M.W., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Carter, K.R., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, p. 1483. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Albrecht, M., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., (2002) J. Appl. Phys., 91, p. 6845. , jaJAPIAU 0021-8979; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018. , jaJAPIAU 0021-8979; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Moser, A., Rubin, K., Best, M.E., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1872. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Tarnopolsky, G.J., Pitts, P.R., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 4837. , jaJAPIAU 0021-8979; Albrecht, M., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Terris, B.D., (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, p. 3409. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, M.; IBM Almaden Research Center, , San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Anders2002569,
author={Anders, S. and Sun, S. and Murray, C.B. and Rettner, C.T. and Best, M.E. and Thomson, T. and Albrecht, M. and Thiele, J.U. and Fullerton, E.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Lithography and self-assembly for nanometer scale magnetism},
journal={Microelectronic Engineering},
year={2002},
volume={61-62},
pages={569-575},
doi={10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00522-1},
note={cited By 32; Conference of Micro and Nano Engineering 2001 ; Conference Date: 16 September 2001 Through 19 September 2001;  Conference Code:59160},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036643789&doi=10.1016%2fS0167-9317%2802%2900522-1&partnerID=40&md5=7ec5c6b37f7acfc37edd601fd9a10a91},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States},
abstract={The limits to scaling the relevant physical dimensions required to increase the areal density of magnetic storage devices will be reached soon, if the storage density continues to double annually. Two approaches to overcoming the limit of the minimum particle size required for thermal stability are presented. In the first approach, a narrow particle size distribution is produced using self-assembled layers of magnetic Fe-Pt nanoparticles. The very narrow particle size distribution offers the potential for increased storage density by utilizing a smaller mean particle size and ultimately storage of one bit per individual nanoparticle. The second approach involves patterned magnetic Co-Cr-Pt nanostructures produced using a focused ion beam, which offers the possibility of single bit per island storage on thermally stable sub-100-nm islands. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic nanoparticles;  Magnetic recording;  Patterned magnetic media;  Self-assembly},
keywords={Coercive force;  Ferromagnetism;  Ion beams;  Lithography;  Magnetic disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Nanostructured materials;  Particle size analysis;  Self assembly;  Thermodynamic stability, Magnetic nanoparticles, Magnetic thin films},
references={Acharya, B.R., Abarra, E.N., Inomata, A., Okamoto, I., (2001) Joint European Magnetism Symposium, , Grenoble (France), paper B046; Kubota, Y., Folks, L., Marinero, E., (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84, pp. 6202-6207; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 978-983; Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 4423-4439; Fullerton, E., Margulies, D.T., Schabes, M.E., Carey, M., Gurney, B., Moser, A., Best, M., Doerner, M., (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, pp. 3806-3808; Thompson, D.A., (1997) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 21 (SUPPL. S2), pp. 9-15; Ruigrok, J.J.M., Coehoorn, R., Cumpson, S.R., Kesteren, H.W., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5398-5403; Sun, S., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, pp. 1989-1992; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Weller, D., Moser, A., Folks, L., Best, M.E., Lee, W., Toney, M., Schwieckert, M., Doerner, M.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 10-15; Stöhr, J., (1992) NEXAFS Spectroscopy, , Springer Verlag, New York; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 1089-1094; Savas, T.A., Fahoud, M., Smith, H.I., Hwang, M., Ross, C.A., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 6160-6162; Wu, W., Cui, B., Sun, X.-Y., Zhang, W., Zhuang, L., Kong, L., Chou, S., (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 16, pp. 38825-38829; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, pp. 1649-1651; Moser, A., Weller, D., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 2808; Albrecht, M., Anders, S., Thomson, T., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Moser, A., Terris, B.D., J. Appl. Phys., , in print},
correspondence_address1={Anders, S.; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: simone@almaden.ibm.com},
editor={Joubert O, Perrocheau J, Tedesco S},
address={Grenoble},
issn={01679317},
coden={MIENE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microelectron Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Qin2002761,
author={Qin, D.H. and Wang, C.W. and Sun, Q.Y. and Li, H.L.},
title={The effects of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of CoNi patterned nanowire arrays},
journal={Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing},
year={2002},
volume={74},
number={6},
pages={761-765},
doi={10.1007/s003390100942},
note={cited By 51},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036604454&doi=10.1007%2fs003390100942&partnerID=40&md5=2ab7d80f447b2c18e907091b228d084d},
affiliation={Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730 000 Lanzhou, GanSu, China},
abstract={NiCo alloy nanowire arrays were fabricated by using an electrochemical method in a porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAO) template. X-ray-diffraction results showed that there was a preferred orientation in the CoNi nanowire arrays with Ni content ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 in the as-electro-deposited state, while a random orientation was observed after the sample was heat treated in an argon atmosphere. When the shape anisotropy is very high in the sample, it is found that the squareness (Mr/Ms) of the hysteresis loops for the samples is only about 0.6 before annealing, but increases to about 0.9 after annealing. All the results are discussed qualitatively and an explanation for the magnetic reversal mechanism in terms of a localized magnetization model is given. As the CoNi alloy nanowire arrays have high bit densities, they can be used as perpendicular magnetic recording media of high-density quantum magnetic disks.},
keywords={Alumina;  Annealing;  Electrochemistry;  Electrodeposition;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetization;  Nanostructured materials;  Porous materials;  Positive ions;  Surface structure;  Thermal effects;  X ray diffraction analysis, Cobalt nickel alloy nanowire array;  Magnetic reversal mechanism;  Porous anodic aluminum oxide, Cobalt alloys},
references={Ounadjela, K., Ferre, R., Louail, L., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 5455; Budendorff, J.L., Beaurepaire, E., Meny, C., Panissod, P., Bucher, J.P., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56, pp. R7120; Grobert, N., Hsu, W.K., Zhu, Y.Q., Hare, J.P., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 3363; Whitney, T.M., Jiang, J.S., Searson, P., Chien, C., (1993) Sciences, 261, p. 1316; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; Kong, L., Chou, Y., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 80, p. 5205; Manalis, S., Babcock, K., Massie, J., Elings, V., (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, p. 2585; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 1089; Chou, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG, 85, p. 652; Broz, J.S., Braun, H.B., Brodebeck, O., Baltensperger, W., Helman, J.S., (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, p. 5879; Aharoni, A., Shtrikman, S., (1958) Phys. Rev., 109, p. 1522; Frei, E.H., Shtrikman, S., Treves, D., (1957) Phys. Rev., 106, p. 466; Zeng, H., Zheng, M., Skomski, R., Sellmyer, D.J., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 4718; Pan, S.L., Zeng, D.D., Li, H.L., (2000) Appl. Phys. A, 70, p. 637; Wang, C.W., Peng, Y., Pan, S.L., Li, H.L., (1999) Acta Phys. Sin., 11, p. 2146; Foss, C.A., Hornyak, G.L., Stockert, J.A., (1994) J. Phys. Chem., 98, p. 2963; Preton, C.K., Moskovits, M., (1993) J. Phys. Chem., 97, p. 8495; Scarani, V., Doudin, B., Philippe, J., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 205, p. 241; Peng, Y., Zhang, H.L., Pan, S.L., Li, H.L., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 7405; Mones, A.H., Banks, E., (1958) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 4, p. 217; Ferre, R., Ounadjela, K., George, J.M., Piraux, L., Dubois, S., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56, p. 14066},
correspondence_address1={Li, H.L.; Department of Chemistry, , 730 000 Lanzhou, GanSu, China; email: lihl@lzu.edu.cn},
issn={09478396},
coden={APAMF},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys A},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Sugita20028694,
author={Sugita, R. and Saito, O. and Muranoi, T. and Nishikawa, M. and Nagao, M.},
title={Magnetization patterns of slave media duplicated by using patterned master media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2002},
volume={91},
number={10 I},
pages={8694-8696},
doi={10.1063/1.1453356},
note={cited By 8},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037094779&doi=10.1063%2f1.1453356&partnerID=40&md5=d03a5db8cbada19e47fbb9f86a8707b8},
affiliation={Department of Media and Telecommunications Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-shi 316-8511, Japan; Recording Media Products Division, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Odawara-shi 2-12-1, Ohgicho, Japan},
abstract={It is possible that a servo signal can be written on hard and floppy disks at high speed and low cost by using a magnetic contact duplication technique with patterned master media. The duplicated magnetization patterns of the slave media is elucidated. The duplicated magnetization is not only reversed at transitions, but also changes between transitions for bit lengths more than several μm, while the magnetization is reversed at transitions, and is almost uniform between transitions for bit lengths less than several μm. Therefore, when the above-mentioned duplication technique is applied to hard and floppy disks, it is expected that the magnetization changes only at transitions. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit lengths;  Low costs;  Magnetic contacts;  Magnetization patterns;  Servo signals, Floppy disk storage, Magnetization},
references={Bernard, W., Buslik, W., (1975), US Patent No. 3,869,711; Sugita, R., Kinoshita, T., Saito, O., Muranoi, T., Nishikawa, M., Nagao, M., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2285. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Nishikawa, M., Komatsu, K., Nagao, M., Kashiwagi, A., Sugita, R., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 2288. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Sugita, R., Saito, O., Nakamura, Y., Muranoi, T., Nishikawa, M., Nagao, M., (2001) J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 25, p. 643. , jmj NOJGD3 0285-0192; Ishida, T., Miyata, K., Komura, N., Takaoka, T., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1412. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Ishida, T., Miyata, K., Hamada, T., Tohma, K., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1875. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Saito, A., Yonezawa, E., Sato, K., Takano, Y., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1389. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464},
correspondence_address1={Sugita, R.; Department of Media and Telecommunications Engineering, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-shi 316-8511, Japan},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Albrecht20026845,
author={Albrecht, M. and Anders, S. and Thomson, T. and Rettner, C.T. and Best, M.E. and Moser, A. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Thermal stability and recording properties of sub-100 nm patterned CoCrPt perpendicular media},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={2002},
volume={91},
number={10 I},
pages={6845-6847},
doi={10.1063/1.1447174},
note={cited By 24},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037094486&doi=10.1063%2f1.1447174&partnerID=40&md5=06c4a91407011ec3948f2bbaf70fbe0c},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={Patterned magnetic media, where the bit cells are predefined, offer a potential path to ultrahigh density data storage. Here we report results on the magnetic and recording properties of islands with lateral dimensions on the order of 80 nm. Prototype nanometer-scale magnetic structures were made by patterning single-layer Co 70Cr 18Pt 12 perpendicular media using a focused ion beam of Ga +. The effects of patterning were investigated by comparing patterned and unpatterned regions of the same medium. The magnetic reversal properties of the patterned media were obtained from magnetic force microscopy images, while those for the unpatterned media were obtained from vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. At remanence the unpatterned region decays at 1.4% per decade, whereas the patterned region shows no measurable change over the course of the experiment (5×10 5s). We have also studied aspects of the recording physics of patterned media using a quasistatic write/read tester with a giant magnetoresistance head. We have written a square wave bit pattern that matches the respective island periodicity and investigated the readback signal for out-of-phase and in-phase writing. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.},
keywords={Bit cell;  Bit patterns;  In-phase;  Lateral dimension;  Magnetic force;  Magnetic reversal;  Nano-meter-scale;  Out of phase;  Patterned magnetic media;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular media;  Quasi-static;  Recording physics;  Recording properties;  Single layer;  Square waves;  Sub-100 nm;  Ultra-high density data storage;  Vibrating sample magnetometer, Magnetic force microscopy;  Platinum, Giant magnetoresistance},
references={Weller, D., Moser, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, p. 4423. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 978. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196. , jvb JVTBD9 0734-211X; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652. , iee IEEPAD 0018-9219; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168. , jvb JVTBD9 0734-211X; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018. , jaJAPIAU 0021-8979; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990. , apl APPLAB 0003-6951; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1652. , emg IEMGAQ 0018-9464},
correspondence_address1={Albrecht, M.; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ohkubo2002212,
author={Ohkubo, T. and Tanaka, K. and Hirota, T. and Itao, K. and Niwa, T. and Maeda, H. and Shinohara, Y. and Mitsuoka, Y. and Nakajima, K.},
title={Readout signal evaluation of optical flying head slider with visible light-wave guide flexure},
journal={Microsystem Technologies},
year={2002},
volume={8},
number={2-3},
pages={212-219},
doi={10.1007/s00542-001-0149-3},
note={cited By 7},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036563950&doi=10.1007%2fs00542-001-0149-3&partnerID=40&md5=1ee0d1dbb926c7c1cb3b7ac1b65c9ce4},
affiliation={University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Seiko Instruments Inc., 563 Takatsuka-Shinden, Matsudo-Shi, Chiba 270-2222, Japan},
abstract={The need for both higher recording density and faster transfer rates continues to propel the research and development of high-performance storage equipment. The optical first-surface recording method promises to overcome tough optical diffraction limits and/or wavelength-shortening limits. We have already proposed a novel compact optical head suspension assembly combining a flying optical slider with a resin-based flexible light-wave guide flexure, and we have confirmed this assembly's stable flying performance during head-arm out-of-plane disturbances. Following this technical progress, we here describe the successful detection of optical signals of sub-micron-size bits by flying this slider above a metal patterned medium through spacing of several tens of nanometers. Signal amplitude dependencies upon both bit pattern lengths and spacings are evaluated in detail, and it is predicted that sub-micron-long and -wide bit will be able to detect increasing the incident laser power up to its maximum value of several mW in our system.},
keywords={Diffraction;  Laser beams;  Magnetic heads;  Optical data storage;  Optical waveguides, Optical flying head sliders, Optical recording},
references={Davis, J., Beyond the superparamagnetic limit II: Far-field recording (1998) Data Storage, 1998, pp. 33-36. , Feb; Ito, K., Kikukawa, A., Hosaka, S., Muranishi, M., A Flat Probe for a Near-Field Optical Head on a Slider (1998) Tech Digest of the 5th Int Conf Near-Field Opt (NFO-5), pp. 480-481; Knight, G., Beyond the superparamagnetic limit I: Near-field recording (1998) Data Storage, 1998, pp. 23-30. , Feb; Kishigami, J., Ohkubo, T., Koshimoto, Y., An experimental investigation of contact characteristics between a slider and medium using the electrical resistance method (1990) IEEE Trans Magn MGA, 26 (5), pp. 2205-2207; Mansfield, S.M., Studenmund, W.R., Kino, G.S., Osato, K., High-numerical aperture system for optical storage (1993) Opt Lett, 18 (4), pp. 305-307; Ohkubo, T., Kishigami, J., Accurate measurement of gas-lubricated slider bearing separation using visible laser interferometry (1988) Trans ASME, J Trib, 110 (1), pp. 148-155; Ohkubo, T., Hashimoto, M., Hirota, T., Itao, K., Niwa, T., Maeda, H., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Mechanical characteristics of an optical flying-head assembly with visible light-wave guide flexure (2000) J Info Storage Proc Syst, 2, pp. 323-330; Tanaka, K., Ohkubo, T., Oumi, M., Mitsuoka, Y., Nakajima, K., Hosaka, H., Itao, K., Numerical simulation on read-out characteristics of the planar aperture-mounted head with a minute scatterer (2000) Jpn J Appl Phys, 40 3B (PART 1), pp. 285-290; Yoshikawa, H., Andoh, Y., Yamamoto, M., Fukuzawa, K., Tamamura, T., Ohkubo, T., 7.5 MHz data transfer rate with a planar aperture mounted upon a near-field optical slider (2000) Opt Lett, 25 (1), pp. 67-69},
correspondence_address1={Ohkubo, T.; University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; email: tohkubo@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp},
issn={09467076},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Microsyst Technol},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Presmanes2002499,
author={Presmanes, L. and Tailhades, P.},
title={Field assisted magnetic contact printing with soft magnetic patterned thin films},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2002},
volume={242-245},
number={PART I},
pages={499-504},
doi={10.1016/S0304-8853(01)01083-6},
note={cited By 2},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036530888&doi=10.1016%2fS0304-8853%2801%2901083-6&partnerID=40&md5=0a25934cf08defdefcec1e1ac1c49d3d},
affiliation={Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31 062 Toulouse Cedex, France},
abstract={The increase in storage density for both hard discs and floppy media makes the formatting operations very long and expensive. For writing the format globally on a magnetic medium in a very short time, a method of magnetic contact printing is proposed. For this purpose a master disc, made of pure iron dots of 18 × 18 μm2, is put in contact with a medium the coercive force of which is close to 1600 Oe. An external bias field lower than 2300 Oe is applied in the same time. Magnetic duplication occurs with bias fields ranging from 500 to 2300 Oe but the best results are obtained with bias fields close to 1000 Oe. It is also demonstrated that this method can be successfully used to duplicate bits on hard discs or to write 5 × 2 μm2 bits on floppy media. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Iron films;  Magnetic printing;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetisation patterns;  Soft magnetic materials},
keywords={Coercive force;  Floppy disk storage;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Magnetooptical devices;  Printing, Magnetic contact printing, Magnetic thin films},
references={Mueller-Ernesti, R., German Patent 910-602, 1941; Herr, R., Duplication of magnetic tape recording by contact printing (1949) Tele-Tech, 8, p. 28; Camras, M., Herr, R., Duplicating magnetic tape by contact printing (1949) Electron, 22, p. 78; Sugaya, H., Kobayashi, F., Ono, M., Magnetic tape duplication by contact printing at short wavelengths (1969) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-5, p. 437; Auweter, H., Feser, R., Jakush, H., Müller, M.W., Müller, N., Schwab, E., Veitch, R.J., Chromium dioxide particles for magnetic recording (1990) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG 26 (1), p. 66; Tjaden, D.L.A., Rijkaert, A.M.A., Theory of anhysteretic contact duplication (1971) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG 7 (3), p. 532; Cole, G.R., Bancroft, L.C., Chovinard, M.P., Mc Cloud, J.W., Thermomagnetic duplication of chromium dioxide video tape (1984) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG 20, p. 19; Cullity, B.D., (1972) Introduction to Magnetic Materials, , Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, Chapter 2; Nishikawa, M., Komatsu, K., Nagao, M., Kashiwagi, A., Sugita, R., Readback properties of novel magnetic contact duplication of high recording density floppy disk (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG 36 (5), p. 2288},
correspondence_address1={Presmanes, L.; CIRIMAT, 118 route de Narbonne, 31 062 Toulouse Cedex, France; email: presmane@chimie.ups-tlse.fr},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Chérif2002,
author={Chérif, S.M. and Roussigné, Y. and Moch, P.},
title={Finite size effects in arrays of permalloy square dots},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1001520},
art_number={1001520},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017283196&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1001520&partnerID=40&md5=228dd307f8b5e0be8b235e272343a662},
affiliation={LPMTM (CNRS UPR 9001), Université Paris-Nord, Villetaneuse, 93430, France},
abstract={The thermally activated spin-waves are expected to monitor the ultimate performances of future storage devices based on magnetic dot-patterned media in which each dot stores one bit of information. We report a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) study of such spin-waves in arrays of Permalloy micrometer-size square dots; these arrays were obtained by patterning a 290 nm thick continuous permalloy film using a process combining electron beam lithography and ion beam sputtering. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Brillouin scattering;  Electron beam lithography;  Light scattering;  Magnetic storage;  Nickel alloys;  Spin waves;  Sputtering;  Virtual storage, Brillouin light scattering;  Finite size effect;  Ion-beam sputtering;  Micrometer sizes;  Patterned medias;  Permalloy films;  Permalloy squares;  Thermally activated, Ion beams},
references={Roussigné, Y., Chérif, S.M., Dugautier, C., Moch, P., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 134429; Roussigné, Y., Chérif, S.M., Moch, P., Intermag 2002, , submitted},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{You2002,
author={You, D. and Zheng, Y. and Liu, Z. and Guo, Z. and Wu, Y.},
title={MFM study of magnetic bit patterns of different dimensions},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1001099},
art_number={1001099},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017254782&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1001099&partnerID=40&md5=ede1ece44fe6919b07402abbbb247ce9},
affiliation={Nano Spin Electronics, Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore},
abstract={The focused ion beam (FIB) technique was utilized to pattern the commercial post-sputtering longitudinal recording media into individual bits of different dimensions. A number of horizontal and vertical lines were milled to separate the bits. The MFM observation was employed to study the magnetic property of each bit and the interaction between "transitions" created by the discontinuity of magnetization at the edges of bits. The single domain structures were formed spontaneously as the bit dimension is reduced to 200 nm or less. We demonstrate the new interplay between the magnetostatic energy and exchange energy for patterned media bits. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Bit patterns;  Exchange energy;  Focused ion beam technique;  Longitudinal recording;  Magnetostatic energy;  Patterned medias;  Single-domain structure;  Vertical lines, Ion beams},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Aziz2002,
author={Aziz, M.M. and Wright, C.D. and Middleton, B.K. and Du, H. and Vorathitikul, V. and Valera-Perez, J. and Gonzalez-Arcelus, I.},
title={Signal and noise characterestics of patterned media},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1001306},
art_number={1001306},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017236201&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1001306&partnerID=40&md5=86bafa2fe2756a55ae95eeb57e601e31},
affiliation={School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={General analytical expressions for signal and noise were derived for magnetised rectangular islands in patterned media. These allow signal-to-noise ratios to be evaluated in terms of the optimum bit size and transducer geometry. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Analytical expressions;  Bit size;  Patterned medias, Signal to noise ratio},
references={Wright, C.D., Hill, E.W., A Reciprocity-Based Approach to Understanding Magnetic Force Microscopy (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32 (5), pp. 4144-4146; www.exeter.ac.uk/dsn},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Dietzel2002,
author={Dietzel, A. and Berger, R. and Grimm, H. and Bruenger, W.H. and Dzionk, C. and Letzkus, F. and Springer, R. and Loeschner, H. and Platzgummer, E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Ion projection printing for patterning of magnetic media},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1000596},
art_number={1000596},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017234029&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1000596&partnerID=40&md5=60e34b8b3d594d280dc77fe31e188f78},
affiliation={IBM Speichersysteme GmbH, IBM, Hechtsheimer Str. 2, Mainz, D-55131, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology, ISiT, Itzehoe, Germany; IMS Chips, Stuttgart, Germany; IMS GmbH, Vienna, Austria; IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States},
abstract={A patterned storage media featuring independent single magnetic domain bit cells would allow one to further postpone the limitation of superparamagnetism. Ion irradiation allows the modification of the magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayers and patterning of magnetic properties can be achieved by irradiation through contact stencil masks. Ion projection printing facilitates a resistless structuring which is attractive as a potential manufacturing process for future magnetic storage media. Complex patterns (e.g. in rotational symmetry) in the stencil mask can be transferred into the magnetic medium at a given demagnification factor (4-10 times) which reduces the requirements for the stencil mask process. Co/Pt multilayer media with perpendicular anisotropy grown on Si substrates as well as 1'' glass disks have been used. The feasibility of ion projection printing for full disk surface processing was investigated using the process development projector in Vienna. Concentric tracks including data patterns as well as head positioning servo informations was patterned onto a 1'' glass disk substrate as used in the IBM microdrive™. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Digital storage;  Glass;  Ion bombardment;  Ions;  Irradiation;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetism;  Multilayers;  Printing;  Substrates, Co/Pt multilayer;  Magnetic properties of co;  Magnetic storage media;  Manufacturing process;  Perpendicular anisotropy;  Process development;  Rotational symmetries;  Single magnetic domains, Magnetic storage},
references={Chappert, C., (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919; Terris, B.D., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, p. 403; Letzkus, F., (2000) J. Microelectronic Engineering, 53, p. 609},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Albrecht2002,
author={Albrecht, M. and Rettner, C.T. and Moser, A. and Anders, S. and Thomson, T. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Recording properties of patterned Co70Pt18Cr12 perpendicular media},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1000593},
art_number={1000593},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017229428&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1000593&partnerID=40&md5=cf9c1b394e988bc7225266c29b45048b},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA  95120, United States},
abstract={Patterning magnetic media with pre-defined, single-domain magnetic bits is one possible candidate for extending magnetic storage densities beyond the limit set by thermal decay for continuous media. In order to study the writing and read-back characteristics of high density patterned media, prototype nanometer-scale magnetic structures were made by patterning Co70Cr18Pt12 perpendicular medium using a focused ion beam (FIB) of Ga+. The islands have lateral size of 80 nm and have a 103 nm along track period. For comparison, we have also used the FIB to prepare isolated narrow strips of continuous media. The recording properties of the patterned and unpatterned media were evaluated using a static write/read tester. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Ion beams;  Magnetism;  Platinum, Continuous media;  Magnetic media;  Nano-meter scale;  Patterned medias;  Perpendicular media;  Perpendicular medium;  Recording properties;  Storage densities, Magnetic storage},
references={Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, p. 1649; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 990},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Phillips2002,
author={Phillips, G.N. and Siekman, M. and Abelmann, L. and Lodder, C.},
title={High resolution magnetic force microscopy using focussed ion beam modified tips},
journal={INTERMAG Europe 2002 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2002.1000808},
art_number={1000808},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2002 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG Europe 2002 ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:116193},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017203894&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2002.1000808&partnerID=40&md5=2798802616c144678b4f793ebbe44561},
affiliation={Systems and Materials for Information Storage, MESA<sup>+</sup>, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522AE, Netherlands; Philips Research, Prof. Holstlaan 4, Eindhoven, 5656AA, Netherlands},
abstract={Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is well established for imaging surface magnetic stray fields. With commercial microscopes and magnetic tips, images with 50 nm resolution are quite routine; however, obtaining higher resolutions is experimentally more demanding. Higher resolution is required for imaging patterned magnetic elements and the latest magnetic media where bit lengths are less than 40 nm. Sub-30 nm resolution images of a 20 bilayer Co50Ni50/Pt thin film have been obtained using Si tips coated with Co and modified by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Imaging was performed at room temperature, in air, with a Digital Instruments D13100 MFM in tapping/lift mode. ©2002 IEEE.},
keywords={Cobalt;  Magnetic force microscopy;  Magnetism, Focused ion beam milling;  Focussed ion beams;  High resolution;  Higher resolution;  Magnetic elements;  Magnetic force microscopies (MFM);  Magnetic media;  Magnetic stray fields, Ion beams},
references={Ruhrig, M., Porthun, S., Lodder, J.C., (1994) Rev.Sci.Instrum., 65, p. 3224; Skidmore, G.D., Dahlberg, E.D., (1997) Appl.Phys.Lett., 71, p. 3293; Hug, H.J., (1999) Rev.Sci.Inst., 70, p. 3625; Hong, J., Fujitsu 106 Gbit/in2 demonstration TMRC Aug. 2001 (BQ-12); Khizroev, S.K., (1998) IEEE Trans.Magn., 34, p. 2030; Folks, L., (2000) Appl.Phys.Lett., 76, p. 909; Porthun, S., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., (1998) J.Magn.Magn.Mater., 182, p. 238; Abelmann, L., (1998) J.Magn.Magn.Mater., 190, p. 135},
editor={Fidler J., Hillebrands B., Ross C., Weller D., Folks L., Hill E., Vazquez Villalabeitia M., Bain J.A., De Boeck J., Wood R.},
sponsors={},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780373650; 9780780373655},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={INTERMAG Europe - IEEE Int. Magn. Conf.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Miura2002,
author={Miura, Y.},
title={Hard disk drive technology: Past, present and future},
journal={Digest of the Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2002, APMRC 2002},
year={2002},
doi={10.1109/APMRC.2002.1037621},
art_number={1037621},
note={cited By 7; Conference of Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference 2002, APMRC 2002 ; Conference Date: 27 August 2002 Through 29 August 2002;  Conference Code:115995},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964447126&doi=10.1109%2fAPMRC.2002.1037621&partnerID=40&md5=0470a39b72c245346eef38a7161be066},
affiliation={Fujitsu, Storage Products Group, Kawasaki, 211-8588, Japan},
abstract={The progress of hard disk drive technology is reviewed, and future storage technology is observed. First, areal density growth, and improvement of performance such as data transfer rate and access speed are looked at, corresponding with the progress of magnetic materials. Then, state of the art high-density recording technologies are reviewed. The bit aspect ratio is considered with respect to the trends on precision process of pole tips, and high output sensor evolution. Finally, future of information storage is examined, and storage technologies toward 1 Tb/in2 recording are investigated. © 2002 IEEE.},
author_keywords={CPP-GMR;  HDD;  information stock;  magnetic recording;  patterned media;  perpendicular},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Data transfer;  Data transfer rates;  Digital storage;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Storage (materials), CPP-GMR;  High-density recording;  information stock;  Patterned medias;  perpendicular;  Precision process;  Sensor evolution;  Storage technology, Hard disk storage},
references={Miura, Y., (2001) FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., 31, pp. 111-125; Aruga, K., (2001) FUJITSU Sci. Tech. J., 31, pp. 126-139; How Much Information?, , http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info/},
correspondence_address1={Miura, Y.; Fujitsu, Japan},
sponsors={ASME; IEEE Magnetics Society; IEEE Singapore Section},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
isbn={0780375092; 9780780375093},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig. Asia-Pac. Magn. Rec. Conf., APMRC},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wei20021756,
author={Wei, D.},
title={Micromagnetic studies of recording process in patterned magnetic media},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Electronics},
year={2002},
volume={E85-C},
number={10},
pages={1756-1760},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036825598&partnerID=40&md5=97d7676431fe3138aeb583e4bf245742},
affiliation={Lab. of Advanced Materials, Dept. of Mat. Sci. and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China},
abstract={Patterned magnetic media are promising to be the next generation recording media for computer hard disk drives to go beyond the density of 100 Gb/in2. A micromagnetic simulation model is set up to study the magnetic property as well as the recording process in patterned media. The patterned medium studied in this paper is an array of pillar magnetic particles with a perpendicular anisotropy. A pole record head as well as a thin film head are utilized in the simulated recording process. The diameter of the magnetic pillars is chosen as 20 nm, the bit length takes the values of 30 nm, 40 nm and 50 nm, with respect to an ideal areal density of 258 Gb/in2, 459 Gb/in2 and 717 Gb/in2. The magnetic signal and noise recorded in a series of patterned media are analyzed at different recording densities with the two types of record heads.},
author_keywords={Patterned magnetic media;  Perpendicular recording;  Simulation;  Write process},
keywords={Computer simulation;  Hard disk storage;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic thin films, Patterned magnetic media, Magnetic recording},
references={Thompson, D.A., Best, J.S., The future of magnetic data storage technology (2000) IBM J. Res. Develop., 44 (3), pp. 311-321; Wood, R., The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabit per square inch (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 36-42; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Physical and magnetic-properties of submicron lithographically patterned magnetic islands (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13 (3), pp. 1089-1094; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., Single-domain magnetic pillar array of 35-nm diameter and 65-Gbit/in2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 6673-6675; Ouchi, K., Honda, N., Overview of latest work on perpendicular recording media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), pp. 16-22; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69 (21), pp. 3263-3265; Wei, D., He, L., Liu, B., Isolated pulse distortion and medium noise analysis for submicrometer-width narrow-track recording (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (5), pp. 3794-3798},
correspondence_address1={Wei, D.; Lab. of Advanced Materials, , Beijing 100084, China; email: weidan@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn},
publisher={Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication, Engineers, IEICE},
issn={09168524},
coden={IELEE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Electron},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Owen20022553,
author={Owen, N. and Yuen, H.-Y. and Petford-Long, A.},
title={Patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays Ga+ implantation},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2002},
volume={38},
number={5 I},
pages={2553-2555},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2002.801945},
note={cited By 10; Conference of 2002 International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2002) ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:60443},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036762060&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2002.801945&partnerID=40&md5=f563f4a70962a6d719bc3cf992f31644},
affiliation={Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Science Centre, Shatin, Hong Kong},
abstract={Motivated by reports of the effect of ion irradiation on the magnetic properties of thin films, this paper outlines a new and possibly advantageous method of patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays by changing the magnetic properties of thin-film NiFe through Ga+ implantation rather than by removal of material. Studies of conventional antidot arrays have reported regular remenant states of interest as possible stored bits trapped during hard axis magnetization reversal. In this paper, we report a study of Ga+ implanted antidot-type arrays, which also support remanent states during hard and easy axis magnetization reversal. The energetics of the implanted antidot-type array system are considered, and the reason for the different magnetization reversal process in comparison with conventional antidot arrays is speculated to be due to the energy associated with the increased coercivity and domain wall pinning at implantation-induced damage sites.},
author_keywords={Antidot array;  FIB Ga implantation;  Lorentz microscopy;  Patterned media},
keywords={Ion beams;  Ion implantation;  Magnetization;  Thin films, Antidot array, Magnetic materials},
references={Cowburn, R.P., Adeyeye, A.O., Bland, J.A.C., Magnetic switching and uniaxial anisotropy in lithographically defined antidot permalloy arrays (1997) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 173, pp. 193-201; Chen, C., (1977) Magnetism and Metallurgy of Soft Magnetic Materials, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, ch. 7; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17 (6); Torres, L., Lopez-Diaz, L., Alejos, O., Micromagnetic tailoring of periodic antidot permalloy arrays for high density storage (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 73 (25); Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Hannial, K.A., Toney, M., Kusinski, G., Lang, S., Teres, B.D., Ion induced magnetization reorientation in Co/Pt multilayers for patterned media (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 5768; Devolder, T., Vieu, C., Bernas, H., Ferre, J., Chappert, C., Gierak, J., Ion beam-induced magnetic patterning ar the sub 0.1 μm level (1999) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. II b, 327, pp. 915-923; Baglin, J.E.E., Tabacniks, M.H., Fontana, R., Kellock, A.J., Bardin, T.T., Effects of ion irradiation on ferromagnetic thin films (1997) Mater. Sci. For., 248; Ozkaya, D., Langford, R., Chan, W., Petford-Long, A., The effect of Ga implantation on the magnetic properties of permally thin films J. Appl. Phys., , to be published},
correspondence_address1={Owen, N.; Department of Materials, , Oxford, United Kingdom; email: Nicholas.owen@tri.ox.ac.uk},
sponsors={IEEE},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={Amsterdam},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Aziz20021964,
author={Aziz, M.M. and Wright, C.D. and Middleton, B.K. and Du, H. and Nutter, P.},
title={Signal and noise characteristics of patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2002},
volume={38},
number={5 I},
pages={1964-1966},
doi={10.1109/TMAG.2002.802787},
note={cited By 15; Conference of 2002 International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2002) ; Conference Date: 28 April 2002 Through 2 May 2002;  Conference Code:60443},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036761652&doi=10.1109%2fTMAG.2002.802787&partnerID=40&md5=24786f7757e165caa0577f947b00f10b},
affiliation={School of Eng. and Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom},
abstract={The simple analytical expressions of the replay spectra from isolated and single rows of rectangular magnetic islands in recorded patterned media were presented. The noise arising from bit-position jitter and bit-size variations was also modeled. The jitter noise was found to dominate the short wavelength response of the replay spectrum. It was shown that the variations in bit-size and head-to-medium modulation affected the long wavelength part of the replay spectrum and resulted in disappearance of the bit-length null in the spectrum.},
author_keywords={Noise;  Patterned media;  Signal},
keywords={Fourier transforms;  Jitter;  Magnetic flux;  Magnetic permeability;  Magnetization;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Spurious signal noise;  Transducers, Patterned media, Magnetic recording},
funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, GR/L83462, GR/M46648},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received February 15, 2002; revised May 20, 2002. This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grants GR/M46648 and GR/L83462.},
references={Middleton, B.K., The recording and reproducing processes (1996) Magnetic Recording Technology, 2nd ed, pp. 21-272. , C.D. Mee and E.D. Daniel, Eds. New York: MCGraw-Hill, ch. 2; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 2310-2312. , Sept; Shtrikman, S., Smith, D.R., Analytical formulas for the unshielded magnetoresistive head (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 1987-1994. , May; Wright, C.D., Hill, E.W., A reciprocity-based approach to understanding magnetic force microscopy (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 4144-4146. , Sept; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press; Spallas, J.P., Hawryluk, A.M., Kania, D.R., Field emitter array mask patterning using laser interference lithography (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 1973-1978; Fernandez, A., Bedrossian, P.J., Baker, S.L., Vernon, S.P., Kania, D.R., Magnetic force microscopy of single-domain cobalt dots patterned using interference lithography (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 4472-4474. , Sept},
correspondence_address1={Aziz, M.M.; School of Eng. and Computer Science, , Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; email: M.M.Aziz@exeter.ac.uk},
sponsors={IEEE},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={Amsterdam},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Cartwright2002534,
author={Cartwright, G. and Reynolds, G.},
title={Electron beam mastering system for mass data storage},
journal={Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
year={2002},
volume={4342},
pages={534-536},
doi={10.1117/12.453376},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Optical Data Storage 2001 ; Conference Date: 22 April 2001 Through 25 April 2001;  Conference Code:59861},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036381153&doi=10.1117%2f12.453376&partnerID=40&md5=f30da04740184c2945bcbff94ef519b5},
affiliation={Nimbus Technology and Eng. Limited, Wyastone Leys, Monmouth, NP25 3SR, United Kingdom},
abstract={An electron beam mastering system was developed for the mass data storage. It consists of a massive vacuum chamber with a special air bearing system for substrate rotation and translation. The electron beam mastering system is capable of writing the servo/gray code, which can be embossed directly onto the platters saving amounts of time and money in servo writing. It could be used to write patterned media, which will allow hard disk drives to go beyond the super-paramagnetic limit, with capacities beyond 1 tera bit per square inch.},
keywords={Atomic force microscopy;  Compact disks;  Damping;  Electron beams;  Electrostatic lenses;  Hard disk storage;  Laser beam effects;  Magnetoelectric effects;  Organic solvents;  Paramagnetism;  Signal encoding;  Stamping;  Surface roughness;  Vacuum applications;  Videodisks;  Viscosity, Electron beam mastering systems, Optical data storage},
correspondence_address1={Cartwright, G.; Nimbus Technology and Eng. Limited, Wyastone Leys, Monmouth, NP25 3SR, United Kingdom; email: giles.cartwright@nimbus.ltd.uk},
editor={Hurst T., Kobayashi S.},
sponsors={SPIE; OSA; IEEE},
address={Santa Fe,NM},
issn={0277786X},
coden={PSISD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Osaka200123,
author={Osaka, T.},
title={Introduction of electrochemical microsystem technologies (EMT) from ultra-high-density magnetic recording},
journal={Electrochimica Acta},
year={2001},
volume={47},
number={1},
pages={23-28},
doi={10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00586-2},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035450301&doi=10.1016%2fS0013-4686%2801%2900586-2&partnerID=40&md5=5e2abd75dee486bfba1849e35928873d},
affiliation={Kagami Mem. Lab. Mat. Sci./Technol., School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan},
abstract={An introduction on electrochemical microsystem technologies (EMT), and the technology of ultra-high-density magnetic recording is reviewed mainly from the viewpoint of EMT as an example is presented in this article. The plated permalloy film has played an important role since 1979 as a key material for the head core of thin film head, ever since IBM shipped the first hard disk drive (HDD) using a thin film head in 1979. Recently, we developed a plated CoNiFe film with a higher Bs (saturation magnetic flux density), which made it possible to shrink the GMR head size to less than 10 μm in yoke length. On the other hand, the size of the magnetic medium is progressively decreasing, and the sputtered magnetic layer such as CoCrPtTa or CoCrPtB possesses such a fine grain structure that the magnetic domain size has become smaller than 100 grains for one bit cell. This is exactly the art of fabrication controlling materials on the atomic scale. At this stage, the perpendicular recording medium becomes important to avoid the diminution of the recorded magnetization against thermal fluctuation. Moreover, in the future the patterned media formed with nanometer-dot arrays will become a candidate for recording densities beyond several hundred GB per square inch. To produce such patterned media, electrochemical processes will become important for mass productivity. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Electrochemical microsystem technologies;  Hard disk drive(HDD);  Magnetic recording},
keywords={Hard disk storage;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic thin films;  Microelectrodes, Electrochemical microsystem technologies, Electrochemistry},
funding_details={Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceJapan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN},
funding_text 1={The author wishes to thank his PhD students, Takahiro Onoue, Nao Takano, and Tokihiko Yokoshima for their efforts in preparing this review, and Dr Keishi Ohashi and his group at NEC for the application of the new head. The financial support for this work was provided mainly by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) project of ‘Advanced Research and Development on Ultra High Magnetic Recording Device by Means of Atomic Design’.},
references={Osaka, T., (2000) Electrochim. Acta, 45, p. 3311},
correspondence_address1={Osaka, T.; Department of Applied Chemistry, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; email: osakatet@mn.waseda.ac.jp},
issn={00134686},
coden={ELCAA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electrochim Acta},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Helian2001305,
author={Helian, N. and Wang, F.Z. and Clegg, W.W.},
title={Lowering aspect ratio of patterned islands to achieve ultrahigh storage densities},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2001},
volume={233},
number={3},
pages={305-310},
doi={10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00194-9},
note={cited By 1},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035426086&doi=10.1016%2fS0304-8853%2801%2900194-9&partnerID=40&md5=a8d3c79a7602dd8a32ffe1d1823bfd41},
affiliation={DCEE, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; School of Informatics and Multimedia Technology, University of North London, 166-220 Holloway Rd., London N7 8DB, United Kingdom},
abstract={Patterned islands with high aspect ratio are easier to form single domain state due to the shape anisotropy. However, simply increasing the aspect ratio would not be an ideal way in a single-bit-per-island recording system because achieving ultrahigh storage densities and high data transfer rate will rely on being able to make narrower elements, with a lower aspect ratio, as close together as possible. In this work, it is found that a magnetocrystalline anisotropy down track oriented medium with narrow anisotropy angular distribution is preferred for patterned polycrystalline cobalt islands to form a uniform single domain demagnetized state with smaller aspect ratio than one with broad anisotropy angular distribution. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetocrystalline anisotropy easy axis distribution;  Micromagnetics;  Patterned media},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Polycrystalline materials, Magnetocrystalline anisotropy;  Micromagnetics;  Ultrahigh storage densities, Magnetic recording},
references={New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 1089; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), p. 6673; Hughes, G.F., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), p. 521; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 155, p. 140; Gibson, G.A., Smyth, J.F., Schultz, S., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 5187; Kent, A.D., Von Molnar, S., Gider, S., Awscgalom, D.D., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6656; Wei, M.S., Chou, S.Y., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6679; Haast, M.A.M., Schuurhuis, J.R., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Popma, Th.J., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1006; Nair, S.K., New, R.M.H., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1916; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Fabian, R., Pease, W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Zhu, J.G., Lin, X., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (1), p. 23; He, L., Wang, F.Z., Mapps, D.J., Clegg, W.W., Wilton, D.T., Robinson, P., (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), p. 3508; Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N., Wilkinson, C.D.W., (1999) Magnetic Nano-elements for Ultrahigh Density Storage, DATATECH 3rd Edition, pp. 87-91. , ICG Publishing, London; Takana, H., Lam, T.T., Zhu, J.G., Judy, J.H., (1993) IEEE Trans. Magn., 29 (6), p. 3709; Kirk, K.J., Chapman, J.N., McVitie, S., Aitchison, P.R., Wilkinson, C.D.W., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (23), p. 3683; He, L., Wang, Z., Mapps, D.J., Wilton, D.T., Robinson, P., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 193, p. 52; Martin, J.I., Vicent, J.L., Costa-Kramer, J.L., Menendez, J.L., Cebollada, A., Anguita, J.V., Briones, F., Fabrication and magnetic properties of electron beam lithography patterned arrays of single crystalline Fe(0 0 1) Squares, FC-08 INTERMAG2000},
correspondence_address1={Helian, N.; DCEE, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; email: lhe@plymouth.ac.uk},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lohau2001990,
author={Lohau, J. and Moser, A. and Rettner, C.T. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Writing and reading perpendicular magnetic recording media patterned by a focused ion beam},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={2001},
volume={78},
number={7},
pages={990-992},
doi={10.1063/1.1347390},
note={cited By 117},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001572980&doi=10.1063%2f1.1347390&partnerID=40&md5=048cd4c38b833e6fa8f765f755806fc9},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={We have written and read bit patterns on arrays of square islands cut with a focused ion beam into granular perpendicular magnetic recording media. Using a static write-read tester, we have written square-wave bit patterns on arrays of islands with sizes between 60 and 230 nm, matching the recording linear density to the pattern period. These measurements reveal the onset of single-domain behavior for islands smaller than 130 nm, in agreement with magnetic force microscope images. The recording performance of patterned regions is systematically compared to that of unpatterned regions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.},
references={Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, p. 3168; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, p. 3196; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6101; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Messner, W., (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, p. 23; Chou, S.Y., (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, p. 652; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., IEEE Trans. Magn., , in press; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., IEEE Trans. Magn., , in press; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5018; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, p. 3263; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, p. 2516; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge},
correspondence_address1={Lohau, J.; IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: lohau@us.ibm.com},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{You200146,
author={You, D. and Zheng, Y. and Guo, Z. and Liu, Z. and Luo, P. and Wu, Y. and Chong, T.-C. and Low, T.-S.},
title={Fabrication of magnetic nanostructures using the focused ion beam technique},
journal={Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology},
year={2001},
volume={2001-January},
pages={46-50},
doi={10.1109/NANO.2001.966391},
art_number={966391},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE-NANO 2001 ; Conference Date: 28 October 2001 Through 30 October 2001;  Conference Code:116394},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949223168&doi=10.1109%2fNANO.2001.966391&partnerID=40&md5=f3dae3b7685ed461054ff27094a6a1af},
affiliation={Data Storage Institute, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore},
abstract={A potential approach to extend the current areal density of magnetic recording beyond 300 Gb/in2 is physical patterning of the media. Among all the techniques that have been employed to pattern the continuous media into nanometer scale discrete tracks and bits, the focused ion beam (FIB) nanofabrication is one of the most straightforward techniques that does not require the use of various types of masks and molds. There has been much interest in nano-patterning of hard and soft magnetic materials and perpendicular recording media using the FIB, but very few of them has been focused on the milling processes. In this work, the FIB patterning of commercial post-sputtering longitudinal media is demonstrated. Special efforts have been put on optimizing the milling process through controlling the magnification, milling depth, and the ion beam scan mode. It was found that the parallel milling mode was effective in reducing the re-deposition at small depth and thus led to smaller nano-structures. The FIB processed nanostructures have been characterized using AFM and MFM. Patterns with square islands of 50nm and spacing of 10nm have been obtained. It is interesting to note that, in both serial and parallel milling modes at large depth, the re-deposition has accumulated at the junctions of the original dots and formed new dots. As dots formed by re-deposition have already lost their magnetic properties, they should be suppressed as much as possible. In the contrast to this, the re-deposition was almost eliminated in the parallel-milling mode at small depth. It can be seen clearly from the MFM observation that the in-plane magnetization has been pertained for the patterned structures at dimensions as small as 50nm and single domain structures were observed. The structures obtained in this work can be used to study magnetic recording at contact mode and at very high recording density. © 2001 IEEE.},
keywords={Deposition;  Focused ion beams;  Ions;  Magnetic materials;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetism;  Milling (machining);  Nanostructures;  Nanotechnology;  Soft magnetic materials, Focused ion beam technique;  In-plane magnetization;  Longitudinal media;  Magnetic nanostructures;  Patterned structure;  Perpendicular recording media;  Single-domain structure;  Straightforward techniques, Ion beams},
references={O'Barr, R., Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Xu, W., Scherer, A., Fabrication and characterization of nanoscale arrays of nickel columns (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, pp. 4730-4732. , APR; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 17 (6), pp. 3168-3176. , Nov/Dec; Lin, X., Zhu, J.-G., Messner, W., Investigation of advanced position error signal patterns on patterned media (2000) J. Appl. Phys, 87 (9), pp. 5117-5119. , MAY; Koike, K., Matsuyama, H., Hirayama, Y., Tanahashi, K., Kanemura, T., Kitakami, O., Shimada, Y., Magnetic bock array for patterned magnetic media (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78 (6), pp. 784-786. , Feb; Haast, M.A.M., Schuurhuis, J.R., Abelmann, L., Lodder, J.C., Popma, Th.J., Reversal mechanism of submicron patterned CoNi/Pt multilayers (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34 (4), pp. 1006-1008. , JUL; Bardou, N., Bartenlian, B., Chappert, C., Megy, R., Veillet, P., Renard, J.P., Rousseaux, F., Meyer, P., Magnetization reversal in patterned Co (0001) ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 5848-5850. , APR; Chappter, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., (1998) Science, 280, pp. 191-192. , Jun; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Writing and reading of perpendicular magnetic recording media patterned by a focused ion beam (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78 (7), pp. 990-992. , Feb; Hughes, G.F., Patterned media write designs (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36 (2), pp. 521-527. , JUL; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35 (5), pp. 2310-2312. , JUL; Wei, M.S., Chou, S.Y., Size effects on switching field of isolated and interactive arrays of nanoscale single-domain Ni bars fabricated using electron-beam nanolithography (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76 (10), pp. 6679-6681. , Nov; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Physical and magnetic properties of submicron lithographically patterned magnetic islands (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 13 (3), pp. 1089-1094. , MAY/JUN; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., Study of nanoscale magnetic structures fabricated by electron-beam lithgroaphy and quantum magnetic disk (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 12 (6), pp. 3695-3698. , NOV/DEC; Mogul, H.C., (1995) Fabrication and Characterization of Sub-0.25 Micrometer CMOS Pn Junctions by Low Energy Gallium Focused Ion Beam Implantation, , Ann, Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International; Orloff, J., (1997) Handbook of Charged Particle Optics, , Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press; Lederman, M., Gibson, G.A., Schultz, S., Observation of thermal switching of a single ferromagnetic particle (1993) J. Appl. Phys., 73 (10), pp. 6961-6963. , MAY},
sponsors={IEEE Circuits and Systems Society (CAS); IEEE Electron Devices Society (EDS); IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES); IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS)},
publisher={IEEE Computer Society},
issn={19449399},
isbn={0780372158},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Proc. IEEE Conf. Nanotechnol.},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Shiiki20012048,
author={Shiiki, K. and Furusawa, M. and Atarashi, E.},
title={Stability of transverse and longitudinal bit in patterned media},
journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
year={2001},
volume={226-230},
number={PART II},
pages={2048-2050},
doi={10.1016/S0304-8853(00)00821-0},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049334218&doi=10.1016%2fS0304-8853%2800%2900821-0&partnerID=40&md5=5d0aa387b23d9d1d8c70acc4e8a06144},
affiliation={Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan},
abstract={The stability of the transverse and the longitudinal bit is studied by using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation from initial magnetization state of ideal bit array. Relaxed magnetization states are calculated for the transverse and the longitudinal bit in the conventional media and in the patterned media with various anisotropic energies and saturation magnetizations. The bit in the patterned media is more stable than that in the conventional media at low anisotropic energy. The transverse bit in the patterned media is stable even at low anisotropic energies less than about 8 × 105 erg/cm 3. The shape anisotropy of the patterned media stabilizes the microscopic bit. The patterned media is hopeful for high-density magnetic recording. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
author_keywords={Magnetic recording;  Magnetization-patterns;  Micromagnetic calculation},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Saturation magnetization, Anisotropic energy;  Bit arrays;  High-density magnetic recording;  Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations;  Magnetization patterns;  Micromagnetic calculations;  Patterned medias;  Shape anisotropy, Anisotropic media},
references={Hughes, G.F., (1999) Digest of Intermag., pp. FR-09; Shiiki, K., Mitsui, Y., Hirata, Y., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 2590; Atarashi, E., Shiiki, K., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 86, p. 5780},
correspondence_address1={Shiiki, K.; Department of Instrumentation Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; email: shiiki@appi.keio.ac.jp},
publisher={Elsevier B.V.},
issn={03048853},
coden={JMMMD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Magn Magn Mater},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lohau20011652,
author={Lohau, J. and Moser, A. and Rettner, C.T. and Best, M.E. and Terris, B.D.},
title={Effect of Ion beam patterning on the write and read performance of perpendicular granular recording media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2001},
volume={37},
number={4 I},
pages={1652-1656},
doi={10.1109/20.950928},
note={cited By 27; Conference of 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials -International Magnetic Conference- (MMM-Intermag) ; Conference Date: 7 January 2001 Through 11 January 2001;  Conference Code:58692},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035386373&doi=10.1109%2f20.950928&partnerID=40&md5=426fee9a2075f2e0496c6c7b76f51efc},
affiliation={IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={We have used a static write-read tester to study the reading and writing of bit patterns on arrays of square bits cut with a focused ion beam into granular perpendicular recording media. We have written square-wave bit patterns on arrays of magnetically isolated islands with periods between 80-248 nm, with the recording linear density matched to this pattern period. These measurements clearly reveal the onset of single domain behavior of the islands for periods <130 nm. We report on variations of read-back signals with this period for bits written in-phase and out-of-phase with the patterning (where bits are written in the center of the islands and lines, respectively). We also present results and analysis on the effect of patterning and phase on the transition position jitter.},
author_keywords={Focused ion beam;  Jitter;  Magnetic arrays;  Patterned media;  Write read performance},
keywords={Granular materials;  Ion beams;  Jitter;  Magnetic domains;  Magnetic heads, Focused ion beams (FIB);  Ion beam patterning, Magnetic recording},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received October 13, 2000. This work was supported by AMRI through DoD/DARPA Grant no. MDA972-97-1-0003. The authors are with the IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, CA 95120 USA (e-mail: lohau@us.ibm.com; {amoser; rettner; bestme; terris}@alameden.ibm.com). Publisher Item Identifier S 0018-9464(01)07297-1.},
references={New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Submicron patterning of thin cobalt films for magnetic storage (1994) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 12, pp. 3196-3201; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, pp. 652-671; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, pp. 6101-6106; Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 978-983; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.J., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 17, pp. 3168-3177; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995; Lambert, S.E., Sanders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, T.M., Hetzler, S.R., Beyond discrete tracks: Other aspects of patterned media (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, pp. 4724-4726; Thielen, M., Kirsch, S., Weinforth, H., Carl, A., Wassermann, E.F., Magnetization reversal in nanostructured Co/Pt multilayer dots and films (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, pp. 1009-1011; Landis, S., Rodmacq, B., Dieny, B., Dal'Zotto, B., Tedesco, S., Heitzmann, M., Domain structure of magnetic layers deposited on patterned silicon (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, pp. 2473-2475; Devolder, T., Chappert, C., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Jámet, J.-P., Ferré, J., Sub-50 nm planar magnetic nanostructures fabricated by ion irradiation (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, pp. 3383-3384; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1919-1922; Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Hannibal, K.A., Toney, M.F., Lang, S., Folks, L., Terris, B.D., Ion induced magnetization reorientation in Co/Pt multilayers for patterned media (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, pp. 5768-5770; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion-beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, pp. 403-405; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29; Haginoya, C., Heike, S., Ishibashi, M., Nakamura, K., Koike, K., Yoshimura, T., Yamamoto, J., Hirayama, Y., Magnetic nanoparticle array with perpendicular crystal magnetic anisotropy (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 8327-8330; Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Patterning of granular magnetic media with a focused ion beam to produce single-domain islands at &gt;140 Gbit/in2 (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., , submitted; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, pp. 3263-3266; Moser, A., Weller, D., Best, M.E., Doerner, M.F., Dynamic coecivity measurements in thin film recording media using a contact write/read tester (1999) J. App. Phys., 85, pp. 5018-5020; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Writing and reading of single magnetic domain per bit perpendicular media (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, pp. 2516-2519; Lohau, J., Moser, A., Rettner, C.T., Best, M.E., Terris, B.D., Writing and reading ion beam patterned perpendicular recording media (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., , submitted for publication; Moser, A., Rubin, K., Best, M.E., Transition position jinter in longitudinal magnetic recording media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., , submitted for publication; Xing, X., Bertram, H.N., Analysis of transition noise in thin film media (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 2959-2961; Bertram, H.N., (1994) Theory of Magnetic Recording, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
correspondence_address1={Lohau, J.; IBM Research Division, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: lohau@us.ibm.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={San Antonio, TX},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Meilikhov2001,
author={Meilikhov, E. and Aronzon, B. and Gurovich, B. and Kuleshova, E.},
title={On extreme density of data storage in patterned magnetic media},
journal={Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings},
year={2001},
volume={614},
pages={F151-F156},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Magnetic Materials, Structures and Processing for Information Storage ; Conference Date: 24 April 2000 Through 27 April 2000;  Conference Code:58145},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035026556&partnerID=40&md5=741f36e1231d5572981e153d4516c06a},
affiliation={Russian Res. Ctr. Kurchatov Inst., 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation},
abstract={A patterned magnetic medium is the next step to significantly increasing data storage density. To attain extreme density, it is necessary to deal with the smallest granules (each storing a bit of information) admissible from the physical point of view. It is well known that the volume of such granules, and their aspect ratio, have to be large enough to prevent thermally activated magnetization relaxation. However, these requirements are not exhaustive. A patterned recording medium is a set of closely-spaced, aligned magnetic granules, with the random ("up" and "down") orientations of granules' magnetic moments. Though the exchange interactions between the granules may be neglected, there are long-range intergranular dipole-dipole interactions (DDI) which lead to significant lowering of activation barrier preventing thermal relaxation. Those interactions limit the acceptable density of ferromagnetic granules, and hence, reduce the extreme density of data storage. Our numerical calculations estimate the negative role of DDI for the particular case of a two-dimensional set of ellipsoidal magnetic granules and allow us to determine the extreme density of data storage.},
keywords={Grain size and shape;  Magnetic moments;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic storage;  Magnetization;  Numerical methods;  Thermal effects, Patterned magnetic media, Magnetic tape},
funding_details={00-02-17191, 98-02-22037},
funding_text 1={This work was in part supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Researches (Grants 00-02-17191 and 98-02-22037).},
correspondence_address1={Meilikhov, E.; Russian Res. Ctr. Kurchatov Inst., 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation},
editor={Daniels B.J., Nolan T.P., Seigler M.A., Wang S.X., Murray C.B.},
address={San Francisco, CA},
issn={02729172},
coden={MRSPD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Mater Res Soc Symp Proc},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{NoAuthor2000,
title={International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2000},
journal={Optics InfoBase Conference Papers},
year={2000},
page_count={697},
note={cited By 0; Conference of International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2000 ; Conference Date: 9 July 2000;  Conference Code:180890},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134646013&partnerID=40&md5=1ab35f89f4930d7cb1a4fc06ba427a06},
abstract={The proceedings contain 224 papers. The topics discussed include: optical diffraction by colloidal crystals; optical properties of ordered macroporous materials made by colloidal assembly; highly doped silicon micromachined photonic crystals; development of micro-patterned glass waveguide gratings on iii-v compounds for integrated applications; two-photon three-dimensional bit optical data storage in photorefractive polymers; a demonstration holographic memory system using a spherical medium with angle multiplexing; high transfer rate (1 Gbit/sec) high-capacity holographic disk digital data storage system; holographic digital storage with sensitive and flexible photo-initiated polymerization recording; all-optical switching in phase-shifted fiber gratings; all-optical recognition of spectrally coded optical pulses using periodically poled lithium niobate second-harmonic waveguides for ultrashort pulse optical code division multiple-access; and optical time-division demultiplexing with resonant-cavity-enhanced surface- emitted second-harmonic generation.},
publisher={Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)},
isbn={9781557528209},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. InfoBase Conf. Pap},
document_type={Conference Review},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ganesan2000AE,
author={Ganesan, S. and Park, C.M. and Hattori, K. and Park, H.C. and White, R.L. and Gomez, R.D. and Koo, H.},
title={Properties of lithographically formed cobalt and cobalt alloy single crystal patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2000},
pages={AE-6},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2000.871825},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013249517&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2000.871825&partnerID=40&md5=e986bb343e15fbc8a1ec6ad2ba41b240},
affiliation={Dept. Of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States; Dept. Of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742, United States},
abstract={The properties of sparse arrays of epitaxial Co and Co90Cr10 islands are discussed. Emphasis is on the properties of bar-shaped islands magnetized perpendicular to the long axis, simulating the bit shape of present continuous media.},
issn={00746843},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Ganesan2000FC,
author={Ganesan, S. and Park, C.M. and Hattori, K. and Park, H.C. and White, R.L. and Gomez, R.D. and Koo, H.},
title={Properties of lithographically formed cobalt and cobalt alloy single crystal patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2000},
pages={FC-2},
doi={10.1109/INTMAG.2000.871825},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013237578&doi=10.1109%2fINTMAG.2000.871825&partnerID=40&md5=94affc6efed41e0abadc24a8e1c69547},
affiliation={Dept. Of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, United States; Dept. Of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742, United States},
abstract={An overview is given on the properties of sparse arrays of epitaxial Co and Co90Cr10 islands. Focus is on the properties of bar-shaped islands magnetized perpendicular to the long axis, simulating the bit shape of present continuous data.},
issn={00746843},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Lin20002999,
author={Lin, X. and Zhu, J.-G. and Messner, W.},
title={Spin stand study of density dependence of switching proprieties in patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2000},
volume={36},
number={5 I},
pages={2999-3001},
doi={10.1109/20.908655},
note={cited By 8; Conference of 2000 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) ; Conference Date: 9 April 2000 Through 12 April 2000;  Conference Code:58080},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034260772&doi=10.1109%2f20.908655&partnerID=40&md5=7388cc347482240dffab6ea4debcd296},
affiliation={Seagate Technology Inc., Shakopee, MN 55379, United States; DSSC, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={The recording processes of patterned bits with different bit length generated by focused ion beam etching are investigated by spin stand testing. Compared to conventional written transitions, the magnetization switching of patterned bits requires much smaller write fields. Also the write field gradient is no longer critical to the sharpness of the transition of patterned bits. Experimental results demonstrate that from the standpoint of recording, patterned media is a good solution for ultra-high density magnetic recording.},
author_keywords={High density recording;  Patterned films;  Recording characteristics;  Thin-film media},
keywords={Etching;  Ion beams;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization, High density recording, Magnetic thin film devices},
references={White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording? (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Lambert, S.E., Sandres, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., Recording characteristics of submicron discrete magnetic tracks (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, pp. 3690-3692. , Sept; Fernadez, A., Bedrossian, P.J., Baker, S.L., Vernon, S.P., Kania, D.R., Magnetic force microscopy of signal-domain cobalt dots patterned using interference lithography (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 4472-4474. , Sept; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise and servo characteristics in patterned thin film media (1999) Proc. 1999 TMRC Conf., , Aug., to be published},
correspondence_address1={Lin, X.; Seagate Technology Inc., Shakopee, MN 55379, United States; email: Xiangdong_Lin@notes.seagate.com},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={Toronto, Ont},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Guan20002297,
author={Guan, L. and Zhu, J.-G.},
title={Investigation of patterned thin film media for ultra-high density recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2000},
volume={36},
number={5 I},
pages={2297-2299},
doi={10.1109/20.908406},
note={cited By 5; Conference of 2000 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) ; Conference Date: 9 April 2000 Through 12 April 2000;  Conference Code:58080},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034260605&doi=10.1109%2f20.908406&partnerID=40&md5=f7f504ddc76bf48d2ed46b568b7a67fd},
affiliation={Data Storage System Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
abstract={Micromagnetic modeling is used to study the recording characteristics of patterned polycrystalline thin film media. The dependence of medium noise on medium microstructure is quantitatively investigated. It is found that for patterned media the medium noise arises from magnetization fluctuation at the saturate remanent state. Forming the orientation preference of anisotropy easy axes along the recording direction significantly reduces the medium noise of patterned media. Large bit aspect ratio is preferred to reduce medium noise. For patterned media, a moderate exchange coupling helps to maintain medium thermal stability and the medium noise it introduces is negligible.},
author_keywords={Exchange coupling;  Longitudinal media;  Patterned media;  Patterning continuous media;  Perpendicular media},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Crystal lattices;  Crystal microstructure;  Crystal orientation;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic hysteresis;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Polycrystalline materials;  Thermodynamic stability, Ultrahigh density recording, Magnetic thin film devices},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability of recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 978-983. , Jan; White, R.L., New, R.H.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbits/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Ross, C.A., Smith, H.I., Savas, T., Schattenburg, M., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Walsh, M., Ram, R.C., Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Microelectron. Nanometer Struct., 17, pp. 3168-3176. , Nov; Cholu, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., Nanolithographically defined magnetic structures and quantum magnetic disk (1996) J. App. Phys., 79, pp. 6101-6106. , Apr; Wong, J., Scherer, A., Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Fabrication and characterization of high aspect ratio perpendicular patterned information storage media in an Al2O3/GaAs substrate (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, pp. 5489-5491. , Apr; Zhu, J.-G., Bertram, H.N., Micromagnetic studies of htin metallic films (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 63, pp. 3248-3253. , Apr; Zhu, J.-G., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, servo characteristics of patterned thin film media (2000) IEEE Trans. Magn., 36, pp. 23-29. , Jan},
correspondence_address1={Guan, L.; Data Storage System Center, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States},
publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
address={Toronto, Ont},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes2000521,
author={Hughes, G.F.},
title={Patterned media write designs},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={2000},
volume={36},
number={2},
pages={521-527},
doi={10.1109/20.825831},
note={cited By 62},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033893683&doi=10.1109%2f20.825831&partnerID=40&md5=b783c72c8c1f2c40c2e844f5e9a0e14a},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, Univ. of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={Recording design alternatives are analyzed for 100 1 Gbit/in2 vertical and horizontal patterned media, written at 1 Gbit/s with one and two pole heads. Bit write fields, disturb fields, and switching speeds are calculated as part of a system analysis of the theoretical potential of patterned media to address possible physics limits for conventional 'featureless' continuous film media (these include thermal decay, nonlinear transition shift and transition noise, and high writer pole Ms requirements near the limit of known materials). The patterned media 'bits' are assumed oriented vertically or horizontally by crystalline anisotropy, and smaller than 100 nm to allow single-domain, 1/2 -ns switching. MsHcV/kT &gt; 500, implying thermal stability including media demagnetization and write head remanent fields, and nearly an order of magnitude areal density extensibility beyond 100 Gbit/in2 with present-day head/media magnetic requirements.},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Crystalline materials;  Demagnetization;  Magnetic recording;  Remanence;  Systems analysis;  Thermodynamic stability, Bit write fields;  Crystalline anisotropy;  Disturb fields;  Patterned media;  Patterned media write designs;  Switching speeds, Magnetic heads},
funding_details={Seagate TechnologySeagate Technology},
funding_text 1={Manuscript received September 17, 1999; revised November 5, 1999. This work is an extension of paper FR-09, 1999 Intermag Conference, and was supported by Seagate Technology. The author is with the Center for Magnetic Recording Research, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0401 USA (e-mail: ghughes@ucsd.edu). Publisher Item Identifier S 0018-9464(00)01842-2.},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.-L., He, Y., Thermal stability if recorded information at high densities (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 978-983. , Jan; White, R.L., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 990-995. , Jan; Hughes, G.F., Read channels for patterned media (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn., 35, pp. 2310-2312. , Sept; Savas, T.A., Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Smith, H.I., Ross, C.A., Properties of large-area nanomagnet arrays with 100 nm period made by interferometric lithography (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (8), pp. 6160-6162. , Apr; Fernandez, A., Bedrossian, P.J., Baker, S.L., Vernon, S.P., Kania, D.R., Magnetic force microscopy of single-domain cobalt dots patterned using interference lithography (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, pp. 4472-4474. , Sept; Duvail, J.L., Dubois, S., Piraux, L., Vaures, A., Fert, A., Adam, D., Champagne, M., Dacanini, D., Electrodeposition of patterned magnetic nanostructures (1998) J. Appl. Phys., 84 (11), pp. 6359-6365. , Dec. 1; Yamamoto, S.Y., O'Barr, R., Schultz, S., Scherer, A., MR head response from arrays of lithographically patterned perpendicular nickel columns (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 3016-3018. , Sept; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Writing and reading of single magnetic domain per bit perpendicular patterned media (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 74 (17), pp. 2516-2518. , Apr; Wong, J., Scherer, A.M., Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Fabrication and characterization of high aspect ratio perpendicular patterned information storage media in an Al2O3GaAs substrate (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (8). , Apr. 15; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, pp. 1089-1094; Wernsdorfer, W., Hasselbach, K., Mailly, D., Barbara, B., Benoit, A., Thomas, L., Suran, G., Magnetization of single magnetic particles (1995) J. Magnetism Magn. Materials, 140-144, pp. 140-144. , Feb; Lambert, S.E., Saunders, I.L., Patlach, A.M., Krounbi, M.T., Recording characteristics of submicron discrete magnetic tracks (1987) IEEE Trans. Magn., 23, pp. 3690-3692. , Sept; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., Hughes, G.F., Writing on perpendicular patterned media at high density and data rate (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85 (8), pp. 5318-5320. , Apr; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., A mechanism of magnetic hysteresis in heterogeneous alloys (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, pp. 3475-3518; Cullity, B.D., (1972) Introduction to Magnetic Materials, 9, pp. 9.47-9.48. , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Aharoni, A., (1996) Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism, 11, pp. 2-5. , New York: Oxford; Oti, J., (1998) Simulmag, , http://math.nist.gov/oommf/contrib/simulag, Online; Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., Wong, J., Scherer, A., Purpose, process, and progress toward 100 Gb/in2 patterned media (1999) Proc. 1999 TMRC Conf., , Aug; Zhu, J., Lin, X., Guan, L., Messner, W., Recording, noise, and servo characteristics in patterned thin film media (1999) Proc. 1999 TMRC Conf., , Aug; Klassen, K.B., Hirko, R.G., Confreas, J.T., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, pp. 1822-1827},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, Gordon F.; Univ of California, La Jolla, United States},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Lin2000,
author={Lin, Xiangdong and Zhu, Jian-Gang and Messner, William},
title={Spin stand study on density dependence of switching properties in patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2000},
pages={FC-06},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2000 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2000 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 9 April 2000 Through 13 April 2000;  Conference Code:57511},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033724899&partnerID=40&md5=e6a1ede9294c0f00d64f1806f32065a7},
affiliation={Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, United States},
abstract={A spin stand study on the switching process of patterned bits with different bit length fabricated on the surface of conventional thin film disk by the focus ion beam (FIB) etching technique was carried out. It was observed that the switching properties of patterned bias are strongly dependent on bit length. With the help of the demagnetization field, the smaller the bit, the easier it switches its magnetization.},
keywords={Coercive force;  Demagnetization;  Electric currents;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic thin films;  Magnetization;  Magnetoresistance;  Reactive ion etching;  Scanning electron microscopy;  Waveform analysis, Drive current;  Focused ion beam etching;  Guzik spin stand tester;  Magnetization switching;  Magnetoresistive head;  Readback waveform;  Spin stand;  Thin film disk, Magnetic materials},
correspondence_address1={Lin, Xiangdong; Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, United States},
sponsors={IEEE},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
address={Toronto, Ont, Can},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ganesan2000,
author={Ganesan, S. and Park, C.M. and Hattori, K. and Park, H.C. and White, R.L. and Gomez, R.D. and Koo, H.},
title={Properties of lithographically formed cobalt and cobalt alloy single crystal patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2000},
pages={FC-02},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2000 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2000 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 9 April 2000 Through 13 April 2000;  Conference Code:57511},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033714018&partnerID=40&md5=717073143f3422ee4baa62ec9af9ca67},
affiliation={Stanford Univ, Stanford, United States},
abstract={An overview is given on the properties of sparse arrays of epitaxial Co and Co90Cr10 islands. Focus is on the properties of bar-shaped islands magnetized perpendicular to the long axis, simulating the bit shape of present continuous data.},
keywords={Cobalt;  Cobalt alloys;  Demagnetization;  Electron beam lithography;  Epitaxial growth;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic films;  Magnetic moments;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetization;  Magnetron sputtering;  Thermodynamic stability, Argon ion milling;  Crystalline anisotropy;  Magnetization rotation, Single crystals},
correspondence_address1={Ganesan, S.; Stanford Univ, Stanford, United States},
sponsors={IEEE},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
address={Toronto, Ont, Can},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Ganesan2000,
author={Ganesan, S. and Park, C.M. and Hattori, K. and Park, H.C. and White, R.L. and Gomez, R.D. and Koo, H.},
title={Properties of lithographically formed cobalt and cobalt alloy single crystal patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={2000},
pages={AE-06},
note={cited By 0; Conference of 2000 IEEE International Magnetics Conference-2000 IEEE INTERMAG ; Conference Date: 9 April 2000 Through 13 April 2000;  Conference Code:57511},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033711311&partnerID=40&md5=839a9f2915291300875dad6891a0a97d},
affiliation={Stanford Univ, Stanford, United States},
abstract={The properties of sparse arrays of epitaxial Co and Co90Cr10 islands are discussed. Emphasis is on the properties of bar-shaped islands magnetized perpendicular to the long axis, simulating the bit shape of present continuous media.},
keywords={Epitaxial growth;  Lithography;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic field effects;  Magnetic properties;  Magnetic recording;  Magnetic variables measurement;  Probes;  Signal to noise ratio;  Thermodynamic stability;  Waveform analysis, Magnetic flux density probe;  Patterned media;  Read-write technology;  Ultrasonic agitation, Cobalt alloys},
correspondence_address1={Ganesan, S.; Stanford Univ, Stanford, United States},
sponsors={IEEE},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
address={Toronto, Ont, Can},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@CONFERENCE{Hughes1999,
author={Hughes, Gordon F.},
title={Read channels for patterned media},
journal={Digests of the Intermag Conference},
year={1999},
pages={AD-01},
note={cited By 0; Conference of Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Magnetics Conference 'Digest of Intermag 99' ; Conference Date: 18 May 1999 Through 21 May 1999;  Conference Code:55655},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033299446&partnerID=40&md5=5e13d1b806e0ef01930dcfe47c575321},
affiliation={Cent for Magnetic Recording Research, San Diego, United States},
abstract={Recording channels are proposed for vertical and horizontal 100 Gb/in2 patterned media. The vertical channel uses a single-pole (1P) probe head to write vertical patterned media, while the horizontal configuration uses a two-pole (2P) head on horizontal media. A horizontal channel is also shown, with a dispulse channel bit impulse response.},
keywords={Approximation theory;  Bit error rate;  Digital filters;  Error analysis;  Magnetic anisotropy;  Magnetic heads;  Readout systems;  Signal to noise ratio, Bit error analysis;  Bit impulse response;  Patterned media;  Potter approximation;  Read channels, Magnetic recording},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, Gordon F.; Cent for Magnetic Recording Research, San Diego, United States},
publisher={IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, United States},
address={Kyongju, South Korea},
issn={00746843},
coden={DICOD},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Dig Intermag Conf},
document_type={Conference Paper},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Weller19994423,
author={Weller, D. and Moser, A.},
title={Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={1999},
volume={35},
number={6},
pages={4423-4439},
doi={10.1109/20.809134},
note={cited By 1123},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033220894&doi=10.1109%2f20.809134&partnerID=40&md5=3baaca924ae670acf6def4a52fcdfe4b},
affiliation={IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={In current longitudinal magnetic recording media, high areal density and low noise are achieved by statistical averaging over several hundred weakly coupled ferromagnetic grains per bit cell. Continued scaling to smaller bit and grain sizes, however, May. prompt spontaneous magnetization reversal processes when the stored energy per particle starts competing with thermal energy, thereby limiting the achievable areal density. Charap et al. have predicted this to occur at about 40 Gbits/in2. This paper discusses thermal effects in the framework of basic Arrhenius-Néel statistical switching models. It is emphasized that magnetization decay is intimately related to high-speed-switching phenomena. Thickness-, temperature- and bit-density-dependent recording experiments reveal the onset of thermal decay at "stability ratios" (KuV/kBT)0 ≅ 35 ± 2. The stability requirement is grain size dispersion dependent and shifts to about 60 for projected 40 Gbits/in2 conditions and ten-year storage times. Higher anisotropy and coercivity media with reduced grain sizes are logical extensions of the current technology until write field limitations are reached. Future advancements will rely on deviations from traditional scaling. Squarer bits may reduce destabilizing stray fields inside the bit transitions. Perpendicular recording may shift the onset of thermal effects to higher bit densities. Enhanced signal processing may allow signal retrieval with fewer grains pers bit. Finally, single grain per bit recording may be envisioned in patterned media, with lithographically defined bits. © 1999 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Arrhenius-néel model;  Dynamic coercivity;  High ku alloys;  Magnetic recording;  Signal decay;  Thermal switching},
keywords={Anisotropy;  Coercive force;  Magnetic fields;  Magnetization;  Mathematical models;  Signal processing;  Statistical methods;  Thermal effects, Arrhenius-Neel statistical switching models;  Thermal switching, Magnetic recording},
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Lett., 62, p. 639; Cebollada, A., Weller, D., Sticht, J., Harp, G.R., Farrow, R.F.C., Marks, R.F., Savoy, R., Scott, J.C., Enhanced magneto optical Kerr effect in spontaneously ordered FePt alloys: Quantitative agreement between theory and experiment (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 3419; Stavroyiannis, S., Panagiotopoulos, I., Niarchos, N., Christodoulides, J.A., Zhang, Y., Hadjipanayis, G.C., CoPt/Ag nanocomposites for high density recording media (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 73, p. 3453; Stavroyiannis, S., Panagiotopoulos, I., Niarchos, D., Christodoulides, J.A., Zhang, Y., Hadjipanayis, G.C., New CoPt/Ag films for high density recording media (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4304; Panagiotopoulos, I., Stavroyiannis, S., Niarchos, D., Christodoulides, J.A., Hadjipanayis, G.C., Granular CoPt/C Films for High Density Recording Media, , to be published, preprint 3/99; Yu, M., Liu, Y., Moser, A., Weller, D., Sellmyer, D.J., Nanocomposite CoPt:C films for extremely high-density recording Appl. Phys. Lett., , to be published; Sun, S., Murray, C., Synthesis of monodisperse cobalt nanocrystals and their assembly into magnetic superlattices (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4325; Yamada, Y., Suzuki, T., Kanazawa, H., Österman, J.C., The origin of the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CosPt alloy thin films (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 5094. , and refs. therein; White, R.L., New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., Patterned media: A viable route to 50 Gbits/in2 and up for magnetic recording (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 990; Krauss, P.R., Chou, S.Y., Fabrication of planar quantum magnetic disk structure using electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B13, p. 2850; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., Physical and magnetic properties of submicron lithographically patterned magnetic islands (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B13, p. 1089; O'Barr, R., Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Weihua, X., Scherer, A., Fabrication and characterization of nanoscale arrays of nickel columns (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 4730; Chou, S.Y., Patterned magnetic nanostructures and quantized magnetic disks (1997) Proc. IEEE, 85, pp. 652-671. , Apr; Kong, L., Zhuang, L., Chou, S.Y., Writing and reading 7.5 Gbits/in/sup 2/longitudinal quantized magnetic disk using magnetic force microscope tips (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, pp. 3019-3021. , Sept; Fernandez, A., Bedrossian, P.J., Baker, S.L., Vernon, S.P., Kania, D.R., Magnetic force microscopy of single domain cobalt dots patterned using interference lithography (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 4472; Farhoud, M., Hwang, M., Smith, H.I., Schattenburg, M.L., Bae, J.M., Youcef-Toumi, K., Ross, C.A., Fabrication of large area nanostructured magnets by interferometric lithography (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1087; Terris, B.D., Folks, L., Weller, D., Baglin, J.E.E., Kellock, A.J., Rothuizen, H., Vettiger, P., Ion beam patterning of magnetic films using stencil masks (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., 75 (2), pp. 403-405. , July; Chappert, C., Bernas, H., Ferré, J., Kottler, V., Jamet, J.-P., Chen, Y., Cambril, E., Launois, H., Planar patterned magnetic media obtained by ion irradiation (1998) Science, 280, p. 1919},
correspondence_address1={Weller, D.; IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States; email: dieter@almaden.ibm.com},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Hughes19992310,
author={Hughes, G.F.},
title={Read channels for patterned media},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={1999},
volume={35},
number={5 PART 1},
pages={2310-2312},
doi={10.1109/20.800809},
note={cited By 42},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033184308&doi=10.1109%2f20.800809&partnerID=40&md5=1a146ffccf719d5e8f26098b84d77f29},
affiliation={Center for Magnetic Recording Research, UCSD, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={Patterned media may alleviate thermal decay and transition noise limits on the horizon for conventional continuous film media. A system analysis of oriented patterned media for magnetic recording is presented. Gbit/sec read channels for vertical and horizontal easy axis patterned media are analyzed at 100 Gb/in . Encouraging bit error rates of 10-9 are predicted by channel simulation using recording physics read pulses and electronic and patterning lithography noise. © 1999 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Patterned media recording;  Read channels;  Write and read heads},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computer simulation;  Magnetic heads;  Magnetic recording;  Signal filtering and prediction;  Spurious signal noise, Channel simulations;  Patterned media recording;  Read channels, Magnetic film storage},
references={Hughes, G.F., "Vertical and Horizontal Patterned Media Writing,", , 1999 Intermag Conference, FR-09; Nagasaka, K.I., "A Study on Fabrication of High Performance Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media," Record of Electrical and Communication Engineering Conversazione Tohoku University, , 65, Tohoku Univ., pp. 161-162, Dec. 1996; Potter, R.I., "Digital Magnetic Recording Theory," IEEE Trans. Magn., , 10, pp. 502-508, Sept 1974; Kretzmer, E.R., "Generalization of a Technique for Binary Data Communication," IEEE Trans. Communication Theory, , 14, p. 67, Feb. 1966; Hughes, G., "Bit Errors Due to Channel Modulation of Media Jitter," IEEE Trans. Magn., , 34, pp. 3799-3805, Sept 1998; Kendall, M.G., And A. Stuart, the Advanced Theory of Statistics. New York: Hafner, 1963},
correspondence_address1={Hughes, G.F.; Center for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: gfhughes@ucsd.edu},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Cardoso19994351,
author={Cardoso, S. and Freitas, P.P.},
title={Performance of dual-stripe giant magnetoresistive heads on tape},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={1999},
volume={35},
number={5 PART 3},
pages={4351-4360},
doi={10.1109/20.799085},
note={cited By 3},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033183951&doi=10.1109%2f20.799085&partnerID=40&md5=1baff0ec1c8f11e49a2d600ab3fc1a5b},
affiliation={Instituto de Engenharia de Sislcmas E Computadores (INESC), 1000 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Superior Técnico (1ST), 1000 Lisbon, Portugal},
abstract={Dual-stripe giant magnetoresistive (DSGMR) devices with an insulating spacer were fabricated and tested on tape media. The head design consists of two mutually biased, unshielded GMR elements based on [Cu 19 A/NiFe 13 A/CoFe 4 Å]×10 antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers, separated by a 600-Å-thick Sit&gt;2 spacer. The sensor is patterned into a U shape, with leads connected away from the active region to avoid topography. Simultaneous etching of both GMR elements avoids misalignment problems along or across the track width. A DSGMR tape head operating in differential mode (track width of 2 μm and height of 0.8 μm) was tested versus high density dibits (0.05 &lt; bit &lt; 4 μm) recorded on tape media, using a current bias of J = 2.8 × 107 A/cm2 on each GMR. The DSGMR responds to the dibit with a bipolar pulse independently of bit separation even when the individual GMR elements are partially saturated. Peak-to-peak output is 1.7 mV/pm, for bit sizes &gt; 0.4 pm. Experimental pulse amplitude and shape are in agreement with a two-dimensional micromagnetic simulation. The head response to a dibit signal loses half its maximum amplitude for a recorded bit size of 0.2 μm. Pulse broadening (read bit cell is 0.8 fim larger than recorded bit, for bit sizes &lt; 0.4 μm) is correlated with sensor geometry. © 1999 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Dual stripe giant magnetoresistive (gmr) heads;  Gmr multilayers, magnetic recording heads;  Mutual current biasing;  Pulse shape analysis},
keywords={Antiferromagnetism;  Cobalt alloys;  Copper;  Current density;  Electric insulating materials;  Etching;  Magnetic tape;  Magnetoresistance;  Metallic films;  Multilayers;  Nickel alloys;  Silica, Giant magnetoresistance (GMR);  Magnetic multilayers;  Magnetoresistive heads, Magnetic heads},
references={Smith, N., Zeltser, A., Parker, GMR multilayers and head design for ultrahigh density magnetic recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 33, pp. 135-141, Jan. 1996; Smith, N., Micromagnetics of GMR multilayer sensors at high current densities IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 30, pp. 3822-3824, Nov. 1994; Freitas, P.P., Cardoso, S., Oliveira, N., Micromagnetic analysis and current biasing of dual-stripe GMR and dual-GMR sensors for high density recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 34, pp. 1510-1512, July 1998; Anthony, T.C., Naberhuis, Brug, J.A., Bhattacharyya, M.K., Tran, L.T., Hesterman, V.W., Lopatin, G.G., Dual stripe rnagnetoresistive heads for high density recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 30, pp. 303-308, Mar. 1998; Wei, D., Bertram, H.N., Jeffers, P., A simplified model of high density tape recording IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 30, pp. 2739-2749, Sept. 1994; Freitas, Caldeira, M.C., Reissner, M., Almeida, B.G., Sousa, B., Kung, H., Design, fabrication, and wafer level testing of (NiFe/Cu)xn dual stripe GMR sensors IEEE Trans. Magn., , vol. 33, pp. 2905-2907, Sept. 1997; FastHenry: User's Guide, M. Kamon, L. M, Silveira, E. Smithhisler, and J. White, Massachusetts Inst. Techn., Cambridge, MA, 1996 [Online], Available: Fasthenry@rle-vlsi.mit.edu.; Bertram, H.N., Theory of Magnetic Recording. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994, Ch. 6/7.; Oliveira, N.J., Freitas, P.P., Li, S., Gehanno, V., Spin valve read heads for tape applications IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol, 35, Pp. 734-739, Mar. 1999.; Bertram, H.N., Linear signal analysis of shielded AMR and spin valve heads IEEE Trms. Magn., , vol. 31, pp. 2573-2578, Nov. 1995},
correspondence_address1={Cardoso, S.; Instituto de Engenharia de Sislcmas E Computadores (INESC), 1000 Lisbon, Portugal; email: susana@eniac.ines.pt},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Todorovic19992516,
author={Todorovic, M. and Schultz, S. and Wong, J. and Scherer, A.},
title={Writing and reading of single magnetic domain per bit perpendicular patterned media},
journal={Applied Physics Letters},
year={1999},
volume={74},
number={17},
pages={2516-2518},
doi={10.1063/1.123885},
note={cited By 117},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032621613&doi=10.1063%2f1.123885&partnerID=40&md5=9a970bd4e80a9712b9e8fb5b8101f015},
affiliation={Dept. Phys. Ctr. Magnetic R., University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0319, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States},
abstract={A nonvolatile magnetic storage of information could reach densities much higher than what is currently thought possible for longitudinal continuous media, by fabricating patterned media with a large number of nanoscale single domain magnetic particles embedded in a nonmagnetic substrate and by writing the magnetization for each of these particles in a desired direction. The magnetization states of the individual magnets can be controlled by demonstrating that prototype patterned `single magnetic domain per bit' data tracks can be written and read back using current magnetic information storage technology.},
keywords={Aspect ratio;  Coercive force;  Grain size and shape;  Magnetization;  Magnetoresistance;  Microscopic examination;  Nanostructured materials;  Substrates, Nanoscale single domain magnetic particles;  Scanning magnetoresistance microscopy (SMRM), Magnetic disk storage},
references={Charap, S.H., Lu, P.L., He, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 1; Bertram, H.N., Zhou, H., Gustafson, R., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 4; White, R.L., New, R.M.N., Pease, R.F.W., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 1; Smyth, J.F., Schultz, S., Fredkin, D.R., Kern, D.P., Rishton, S.A., Schmidt, H., Cali, M., Koehler, T.R., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 8; New, R.M.H., Pease, R.F.W., White, R.L., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 155, p. 140; Gibson, G.A., Smyth, J.F., Schultz, S., Kern, D.P., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 5187; Kong, L., Zhuang, L., Chou, S.Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 5; Kleiber, M., Kummerlen, F., Lohndorf, M., Wadas, A., Weiss, D., Wiesendanger, R., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 9; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fisher, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 10; Kent, A.D., Von Molnar, S., Gider, S., Awschalom, D.D., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 10; Xu, W., Wong, J., Cheng, C.C., Johnson, R., Scherer, A., (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 13, p. 6; Meier, G., Kleiber, M., Grundler, D., Heitmann, D., Wiesendanger, R., (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, p. 17; Chou, S.Y., Krauss, P.R., Kong, L., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 8; O'Barr, R., Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., Xu, W., Scherer, A., (1997) J. Appl. Phys., 81, p. 8; Yamamoto, S.Y., O'Barr, R., Schultz, S., Scherer, A., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 5; Wong, J., Scherer, A., Todorovic, M., Schultz, S., (1999) J. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 8; Martin, Y., Wickramasinghe, H.K., (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett., 50, p. 1455; Yamamoto, S.Y., Schultz, S., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, p. 21; Potter, R., (1974) IEEE Trans. Magn., 10, p. 502},
correspondence_address1={Todorovic, Mladen; Univ of California, , La Jolla, CA, United States},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc., Woodbury},
issn={00036951},
coden={APPLA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Appl Phys Lett},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Boerner19995318,
author={Boerner, E.D. and Bertram, H.N. and Hughes, G.F.},
title={Writing on perpendicular patterned media at high density and data rate},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={1999},
volume={85},
number={8 II B},
pages={5318-5320},
doi={10.1063/1.370238},
note={cited By 12; Conference of Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials ; Conference Date: 9 November 1998 Through 12 November 1998;  Conference Code:55194},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001401833&doi=10.1063%2f1.370238&partnerID=40&md5=5c55b987e37334f389e4373bc264a613},
affiliation={Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States},
abstract={The feasibility of reversing single bit per particle media at a 1 GHz data rate with a density of 100 Gb/in.2 is examined. The media particles are cubic with 40 nm side length, 80 nm center to center spacing and perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy. Micromagnetic simulations are employed, and writing of data is done via an elongated probe to provide localized fields at the particle being reversed. The reversal of individual elongated particles is also examined with fields from a moving probe. A 1 GHz data rate appears to be more attainable with cubic particles than with elongated particles. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.},
references={Zhang, Y., Bertram, H.N., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 3786; Chou, S.Y., Wei, M.S., Krauss, P.R., Fischer, P.B., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6673; O'Barr, R., Lederman, M., Schultz, S., Xu, W., Scherer, A., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 5303; Savas, T.A., Schattenburg, M.L., Carter, J.M., Smith, H.I., (1996) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 14, p. 4167; Bertram, H.N., Zhu, J.G., (1992) Solid State Phys., 46, p. 271; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn., 34, p. 1678; Hughes, G.F., Intermag 99 in Kyongju, Korea, , submitted; Sandler, G.M., Bertram, H.N., Silva, T.J., these proceedings; Inaba, N., Uesaka, Y., Nakamura, A., Futamoto, M., Sugita, Y., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 2989; Boerner, E.D., Bertram, H.N., (1997) IEEE Trans. Magn., 33, p. 3052; Schabes, M.E., Bertram, H.N., (1989) IEEE Trans. Magn., 25, p. 3662},
correspondence_address1={Boerner, E.D.; Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093-0401, United States; email: eboerner@ucsd.edu},
sponsors={American Institute Of Physics; IEEE Magnetics Society},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
address={Miami, FL},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Nair19981916,
author={Nair, S.K. and Richard, M.H.},
title={Patterned media recording: Noise and channel equalization},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
year={1998},
volume={34},
number={4 PART 1},
pages={1916-1918},
doi={10.1109/20.706742},
note={cited By 19},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032120259&doi=10.1109%2f20.706742&partnerID=40&md5=330b637fc5f2f78f094865d91359b31b},
affiliation={New IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
abstract={We analyze a patterned recording system in which bits are recorded on magnetic islands. Merger or disappearance of the islands due to edge jaggedness cause bit errors. This edge imperfection also manifests itself as noise causing read errors in the channel. Error probabilities from these degradation mechanisms are computed assuming a partial response read channel. The island size-to-pitch ratio giving minimum error rate is found to be independent of the jaggedness. © 1998 IEEE.},
author_keywords={Equalization for patterned media;  Media noise;  Patterned media recording},
keywords={Bit error rate;  Computational methods;  Degradation;  Error analysis;  Probability, Media noise;  Patterned media recording, Magnetic disk storage},
references={Chou, M. S. Wei, P. R. Krauss, and P. B. Fischer, "Single-domain Magnetic Pillar Array of, , 35 nm diameter and 65 Gbits/in2 density for ultrahigh density quantum magnetic storage," J. Appl. Phys, vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 6673-6675, Nov. 1994; White, R. M. H. New, and R. F. W. Pease, "Patterned Media: A Viable Route to, , 50 Gbit/in2 and up for magnetic recording?," IEEE Trans. Mugn., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 990-995, Jan. 1997; Cideciyan, R., F. Dolivo, R. Hermann, W. Hirt, and W. Schott, "A PRML System for Digital Magnetic Recording," IEEE , Journal of Selected Areas in Communication, Vol., , 10, no. 1, pp. 38-56, Jan. 1992; Moon, J., "Discrete-time Modeling of Transition Noise Dominant Channels and Study of Detection Performance," IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol., , 27, no. 6, pp. 4573-4578, Nov. 1991},
correspondence_address1={Nair, S.K.; New IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, United States},
issn={00189464},
coden={IEMGA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEEE Trans Magn},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Wey19971757,
author={Wey, J.S. and Butler, D.L. and Rush, N.W. and Burdge, G.L. and Goldhar, J.},
title={Optical bit-pattern recognition by use of dynamic gratings in erbium-doped fiber},
journal={Optics Letters},
year={1997},
volume={22},
number={23},
pages={1757-1759},
doi={10.1364/OL.22.001757},
note={cited By 18},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031360830&doi=10.1364%2fOL.22.001757&partnerID=40&md5=e202f8a319cabaf45ac169897d455145},
affiliation={Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, 8050 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20740, United States},
abstract={We present a novel optical bit-pattern-recognition technique that uses erbium-doped fiber at room temperature. Counterpropagating beams write a patterned gain-depletion grating in pumped erbium-doped fiber. This grating, recorded in the erbium gain medium, can be used for correlation with other optical bit patterns. We have demonstrated correlation of arbitrary return-to-zero bit patterns of as many as 8 bits at 1 Gbit/s. Theory suggests that scaling to higher bit rates is feasible. © 1997 Optical Society of America.},
keywords={Diffraction gratings;  Doping (additives);  Erbium;  Light propagation;  Optical correlation;  Optical fibers;  Pattern recognition, Erbium doped fiber;  Optical bit pattern recognition, Fiber optics},
references={Merkel, K.D., Babbitt, W.R., (1996) Opt. Lett., 21, p. 71; Shen, X.A., Kachru, R., (1995) Opt. Lett., 20, p. 2508; Bai, Y.S., Babbit, W.R., Carlson, N.W., Mossberg, T.W., (1984) Appl. Phys. Lett., 45, p. 714; Sardesai, H.P., Weiner, A.M., (1997) 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series, 11. , Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., paper CTHW3; Fischer, B., Zyskind, J.L., Sulhoff, J.W., DiGiovanni, D.J., (1993) Opt. Lett., 18, p. 2108; (1993) Electron. Lett., 29, p. 1858; Wey, J.S., (1995) Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Harmonically Modelocked Erbium Fiber Ring Laser, , Ph.D. dissertation University of Maryland, College Park, Md},
correspondence_address1={Wey, J.S.; Laboratory for Physical Sciences, 8050 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20740, United States},
publisher={Optical Society of America},
issn={01469592},
coden={OPLED},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Opt. Lett.},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{O'Barr19975458,
author={O'Barr, R. and Schultz, S.},
title={Switching field studies of individual single domain Ni columns},
journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
year={1997},
volume={81},
number={8 PART 2B},
pages={5458-5460},
doi={10.1063/1.364569},
note={cited By 55},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001580052&doi=10.1063%2f1.364569&partnerID=40&md5=9a7287b9e74721d8dfd43196db034256},
affiliation={Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
abstract={Quantitative measurements of the switching field properties of individual single-domain particles are both scientifically and technologically important. Such data are relevant for the engineering of a patterned magnetic storage medium where a single bit of information corresponds to individual single-domain particles with sizes consistent with storage densities &gt;50 Gbit/in2. By electroplating into Al2O3 and track-etched polycarbonate filters, we have prepared particles over a large range of radii from R =20-500 nm. and have characterized them by transmission electron microscopy. Using a magnetic force microscope with an in situ electromagnet, we have quantified the extent to which the particles can be considered "single-domain." We have also measured the angular dependence of the switching field Hs for these particles. At zero degrees, Hs lies above the curling curve for R/R0&gt;4, and falls below the curling curve for R/R0&lt;2, where R0 is the exchange length (R0 = 20.6 nm for Ni). At intermediate radii, the angular dependence data are close to the curling curve with a crossover of the data and the curling solution at R/R0∼3. © 1997 American Institute cf Physics.},
references={Smyth, J.F., Shultz, S., Fredkin, D.R., Kern, D.P., Rishton, S.A., Schmid, H., Cali, M., Koehler, T.R., (1991) J. Appl. Phys., 69, p. 5262; Lederman, M., Gibson, G.A., Schultz, S., (1993) J. Appl. Phys., 73, p. 6961; Wei, M.S., Chou, S.Y., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 76, p. 6679; Wernsdorfer, W., Hasselbach, K., Mailly, D., Barbara, B., Benoit, A., Thomas, L., Suran, G., (1995) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 145, p. 33; Chang, T., Zhu, J., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 5553; Salling, C., O'Barr, R., Schultz, S., McFadyen, I., Ozaki, M., (1994) J. Appl. Phys., 75, p. 7989; Lederman, M., Schhultz, S., Ozaki, M., (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, p. 1986; Luo, Y., Zhu, J., (1994) IEEE Trans. Magn., 30, p. 4080; Lederman, M., O'Barr, R., Schultz, S., (1995) IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, p. 3793; O'Barr, R., Lederman, M., Schultz, S., Xu, W., Scherer, A., Tonucci, R.J., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 5303; Whitney, M., Jiang, J.S., Searson, P.C., Chien, C.L., (1993) Science, 261, p. 1316; Doudin, B., Ansermet, J.P., (1995) Nanostruct. Mater., 6, p. 521; Nuclepore Polycarbonate Membranes, , Corning Costar Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02140; Gibson, G.A., Smyth, J.F., Schultz, S., Kern, D.P., (1991) IEEE Trans. Magn., 27, p. 5187; Frei, E.H., Shtrikman, S., Treves, D., (1957) Phys. Rev., 106, p. 446; Shtrikman, S., Treves, D., (1959) J. Phys., 20, p. 286. , France; Stoner, E.C., Wohlfarth, E.P., (1948) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 240, p. 599; Schabes, M.E., (1991) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 95, p. 249; Schabes, M.E., Neal Bertram, H., (1988) J. Appl. Phys., 64, p. 5832},
correspondence_address1={O'Barr, R.; Ctr. for Magnetic Recording Research, , San Diego, CA 92093, United States},
publisher={American Institute of Physics Inc.},
issn={00218979},
coden={JAPIA},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={J Appl Phys},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Yada19931164,
author={Yada, Hiroaki and Yamakoshi, Takamichi and Yamamoto, Noriyuki and Erkocevic, Murat and Hayashi, Nobuhiro},
title={External clocking PRML magnetic recording channel for discrete track media},
journal={IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences},
year={1993},
volume={E76-A},
number={7},
pages={1164-1166},
note={cited By 4},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027635379&partnerID=40&md5=61623bed8a53e2caad7dab09c9fa2f8a},
affiliation={Sony Corp, Tokyo, Japan},
abstract={A novel external clocking magnetic disk recording channel is proposed and examined. Timing not only for data recovery but for recording is given by a bit clock which is synchronized with dedicated clock marks on patterned discrete track media. Jitter of the bit clock is 2.5 ns(rms), which is good enough for data rates up to about 20 Mbit/s. Using an MR/Inductive head and PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) signal processing, an error rate of 1 × 10-6 is obtained at linear density 3146 bit/mm.},
keywords={Data recording;  Digital signal processing;  Error analysis;  Errors;  Intersymbol interference;  Phase locked loops;  Switching theory;  Timing circuits, Clocking;  Discrete track media;  Error rate;  External clocking magnetic disk recording channel;  Jitter;  Partial response maximum likelihood;  Rigid disk;  Sampled servo format, Magnetic disk storage},
correspondence_address1={Yada, Hiroaki; Sony Corp, Tokyo, Japan},
issn={09168508},
coden={IFESE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={IEICE Trans Fund Electron Commun Comput Sci},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}

@ARTICLE{Adams1987368,
author={Adams, John},
title={HIGH-PERFORMANCE COLOUR GRAPHICS CONTROLLER.},
journal={Electronics & wireless world},
year={1987},
volume={93},
number={1614},
pages={368-373},
note={cited By 0},
url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023329368&partnerID=40&md5=26277b198a4733e1cb07f9ce2d6f3dcd},
abstract={Engineers need to strike a balance between cost and performance and in doing so should consider two other vital parts of the system: the display device and its viewer. Consider the term high-resolution color graphics. Graphics, of which the display of recognized alphabets is just one form, is the use of patterns to convey information. Color is a useful adjunct to shape in increasing the information conveyed. Current color-display medium is the three-gun shadow-mask cathode ray tube where three electron guns are so positioned with respect to a mask that their respective electron beams can only strike certain nonoverlapping parts of a screen on the other side of the mask from the guns. This screen is intricately patterned with three different phosphors such that only one type is struck by the beam from one particular gun. One phosphor glows red when struck, one green and one blue. Early tubes had a mosaic pattern consisting of triads of phosphor dots; nowadays it is common for the screen to consist of vertical stripes of phosphor.},
keywords={COMPUTER SOFTWARE;  CONTROL SYSTEMS - Performance, BIT-MAPPED OBJECTS;  CHARACTER-TYPE OBJECTS;  OBJECT DESCRIPTOR TABLES, COMPUTER GRAPHICS},
correspondence_address1={Adams, John},
issn={02663244},
coden={EWWOE},
language={English},
abbrev_source_title={Electron Wireless World},
document_type={Article},
source={Scopus},
}
