import random
import time
import datetime
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pygame
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sqlite3
import json
import os
import csv
from PIL import Image
import re
import hashlib
import string
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import wave
import pyaudio
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
import nltk
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import multiprocessing
import tkinter as tk
import cv2
import geopy
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim
import pyttsx3
import qrcode
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader, PdfFileWriter
import zlib
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import seaborn as sns

def say(words):
    """Show words normally."""
    print(words)

def ask(question):
    """Ask something and get an answer."""
    return input(question + " ")

def make_number(text):
    """Turn text into a number if possible."""
    try:
        return int(text)
    except:
        try:
            return float(text)
        except:
            say(f"Oops! '{text}' isn't a number. We'll use 0 instead.")
            return 0

def count_from_to(start, end):
    """Make a list of numbers from start to end."""
    return list(range(start, end + 1))

def sort_stuff(things):
    """Put things in order."""
    return sorted(things)

def mix_up(things):
    """Shuffle the order of things."""
    return random.sample(things, len(things))

def pick_random(things):
    """Choose one thing randomly."""
    return random.choice(things)

def do_many_times(action, times):
    """Do something many times."""
    for _ in range(times):
        action()

def make_list(*stuff):
    """Make a list of things."""
    return list(stuff)

def join_words(words):
    """Stick words together into one big word."""
    return " ".join(words)

def split_big_word(big_word, by=" "):
    """Break a big word into smaller words."""
    return big_word.split(by)

def get_first(things):
    """Get the first thing from a list."""
    return things[0] if things else None

def get_last(things):
    """Get the last thing from a list."""
    return things[-1] if things else None

def remove_copies(things):
    """Keep only one of each thing."""
    return list(set(things))

def count_things(things):
    """Count how many of each thing there are."""
    return {item: things.count(item) for item in set(things)}

def is_inside(item, things):
    """Check if something is in a group of things."""
    return item in things

def add_lists(*lists):
    """Put many lists together into one big list."""
    return sum(lists, [])

def flip_order(things):
    """Reverse the order of things."""
    return list(reversed(things))

def add_up(numbers):
    """Add up all the numbers."""
    return sum(numbers)

def find_middle(numbers):
    """Find the average of numbers."""
    return np.mean(numbers) if numbers else 0

def make_rounder(number, decimals=0):
    """Round a number to a certain number of decimal places."""
    return round(number, decimals)

def get_today():
    """Find out what day it is today."""
    return datetime.date.today()

def get_now():
    """Find out what time it is now."""
    return datetime.datetime.now().time()

def wait_a_bit(seconds):
    """Wait for a little while."""
    time.sleep(seconds)

def read_file(filename):
    """Read what's inside a file."""
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        return file.read()

def write_file(filename, stuff):
    """Write stuff into a file."""
    with open(filename, 'w') as file:
        file.write(stuff)

def add_to_file(filename, stuff):
    """Add more stuff to the end of a file."""
    with open(filename, 'a') as file:
        file.write(stuff)

def make_box(**stuff):
    """Make a box (dictionary) and put stuff in it with labels."""
    return stuff

def is_even(number):
    """Check if a number is even."""
    return number % 2 == 0

def is_odd(number):
    """Check if a number is odd."""
    return number % 2 != 0

def make_positive(number):
    """Make a number positive."""
    return abs(number)

def all_yes(things):
    """Check if all things are true."""
    return all(things)

def any_yes(things):
    """Check if any thing is true."""
    return any(things)

def say_loudly(text):
    """Make all letters in text BIG."""
    return text.upper()

def say_quietly(text):
    """Make all letters in text small."""
    return text.lower()

def make_pretty(text):
    """Make the first letter of each word big."""
    return text.title()

def count_letters(text):
    """Count how many letters are in the text."""
    return len(text)

# Numpy functions
def make_array(things):
    """Turn a list into a special math list (numpy array)."""
    return np.array(things)

def do_math(array1, array2, operation):
    """Do math with special math lists."""
    if operation == '+':
        return array1 + array2
    elif operation == '-':
        return array1 - array2
    elif operation == '*':
        return array1 * array2
    elif operation == '/':
        return array1 / array2
    else:
        say("I don't know that math operation!")
        return None

# Pandas functions
def make_table(data):
    """Make a table (DataFrame) from a dictionary or list."""
    return pd.DataFrame(data)

def read_csv(filename):
    """Read a CSV file into a table."""
    return pd.read_csv(filename)

def save_csv(table, filename):
    """Save a table to a CSV file."""
    table.to_csv(filename, index=False)

# Matplotlib functions
def make_picture(x, y, title="My Picture", x_label="X", y_label="Y"):
    """Draw a picture (plot) with numbers."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.xlabel(x_label)
    plt.ylabel(y_label)
    plt.show()

# Pygame functions
def start_game(width=800, height=600, title="My Game"):
    """Start a new game window."""
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
    pygame.display.set_caption(title)
    return screen

def draw_circle(screen, color, position, radius):
    """Draw a circle in the game."""
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, color, position, radius)

def draw_rectangle(screen, color, position, size):
    """Draw a rectangle in the game."""
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, pygame.Rect(position, size))

def update_game():
    """Update the game display."""
    pygame.display.flip()

def end_game():
    """End the game."""
    pygame.quit()

# Additional NumPy functions
def make_zeros(shape):
    """Make an array filled with zeros."""
    return np.zeros(shape)

def make_ones(shape):
    """Make an array filled with ones."""
    return np.ones(shape)

def make_range(start, stop, step=1):
    """Make an array with a range of numbers."""
    return np.arange(start, stop, step)

def reshape_array(array, new_shape):
    """Change the shape of an array."""
    return np.reshape(array, new_shape)

def get_max(array):
    """Get the maximum value in an array."""
    return np.max(array)

def get_min(array):
    """Get the minimum value in an array."""
    return np.min(array)

# Additional Pandas functions
def get_column(table, column_name):
    """Get a specific column from a table."""
    return table[column_name]

def add_column(table, column_name, data):
    """Add a new column to a table."""
    table[column_name] = data
    return table

def filter_rows(table, condition):
    """Filter rows in a table based on a condition."""
    return table[condition]

def group_by(table, column):
    """Group data in a table by a specific column."""
    return table.groupby(column)

def merge_tables(table1, table2, on_column):
    """Combine two tables based on a common column."""
    return pd.merge(table1, table2, on=on_column)

# Additional Matplotlib functions
def make_bar_chart(x, y, title="Bar Chart", x_label="X", y_label="Y"):
    """Create a bar chart."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    plt.bar(x, y)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.xlabel(x_label)
    plt.ylabel(y_label)
    plt.show()

def make_scatter_plot(x, y, title="Scatter Plot", x_label="X", y_label="Y"):
    """Create a scatter plot."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    plt.scatter(x, y)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.xlabel(x_label)
    plt.ylabel(y_label)
    plt.show()

def save_picture(filename):
    """Save the current plot to a file."""
    plt.savefig(filename)

# Additional Pygame functions
def load_image(filename):
    """Load an image for use in the game."""
    return pygame.image.load(filename)

def draw_image(screen, image, position):
    """Draw an image on the game screen."""
    screen.blit(image, position)

def get_key_pressed():
    """Get the current pressed key."""
    return pygame.key.get_pressed()

def make_sound(filename):
    """Create a sound object from a file."""
    return pygame.mixer.Sound(filename)

def play_sound(sound):
    """Play a sound."""
    sound.play()

# Requests functions
def get_webpage(url):
    """Get the content of a webpage."""
    return requests.get(url).text

def download_file(url, filename):
    """Download a file from a URL."""
    with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
        file.write(requests.get(url).content)

# BeautifulSoup functions
def parse_html(html):
    """Parse HTML content."""
    return BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

def find_all_tags(soup, tag):
    """Find all occurrences of a specific tag in parsed HTML."""
    return soup.find_all(tag)

# SQLite functions
def connect_to_db(db_name):
    """Connect to a SQLite database."""
    return sqlite3.connect(db_name)

def run_query(connection, query):
    """Run a SQL query on the database."""
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query)
    return cursor.fetchall()

def close_db(connection):
    """Close the database connection."""
    connection.close()

# JSON functions
def read_json(filename):
    """Read data from a JSON file."""
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        return json.load(file)

def write_json(data, filename):
    """Write data to a JSON file."""
    with open(filename, 'w') as file:
        json.dump(data, file)

# File and directory operations
def list_files(directory):
    """List all files in a directory."""
    return os.listdir(directory)

def make_directory(directory):
    """Create a new directory."""
    os.makedirs(directory, exist_ok=True)

def delete_file(filename):
    """Delete a file."""
    os.remove(filename)

# CSV operations
def read_csv_to_list(filename):
    """Read a CSV file into a list of lists."""
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        return list(csv.reader(file))

def write_list_to_csv(data, filename):
    """Write a list of lists to a CSV file."""
    with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as file:
        csv.writer(file).writerows(data)

# Image processing with Pillow
def open_image(filename):
    """Open an image file."""
    return Image.open(filename)

def save_image(image, filename):
    """Save an image to a file."""
    image.save(filename)

def resize_image(image, size):
    """Resize an image."""
    return image.resize(size)

def rotate_image(image, degrees):
    """Rotate an image."""
    return image.rotate(degrees)

# Regular expressions
def find_pattern(pattern, text):
    """Find all occurrences of a pattern in text."""
    return re.findall(pattern, text)

def replace_pattern(pattern, replacement, text):
    """Replace all occurrences of a pattern in text."""
    return re.sub(pattern, replacement, text)

# Hashing
def make_hash(text):
    """Create a hash of the given text."""
    return hashlib.sha256(text.encode()).hexdigest()

# Random string generation
def make_random_string(length):
    """Generate a random string of given length."""
    return ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=length))

# Email sending
def send_email(sender_email, sender_password, receiver_email, subject, body):
    """Send an email."""
    message = MIMEMultipart()
    message['From'] = sender_email
    message['To'] = receiver_email
    message['Subject'] = subject
    message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

    with smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) as server:
        server.starttls()
        server.login(sender_email, sender_password)
        server.send_message(message)

# Advanced list operations
def chunk_list(lst, chunk_size):
    """Split a list into chunks of a given size."""
    return [lst[i:i + chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(lst), chunk_size)]

def flatten_list(lst):
    """Flatten a nested list."""
    return [item for sublist in lst for item in sublist]

# Advanced string operations
def remove_punctuation(text):
    """Remove all punctuation from a string."""
    return ''.join(char for char in text if char not in string.punctuation)

def count_words(text):
    """Count the number of words in a string."""
    return len(text.split())

# Date and time operations
def format_date(date, format_string):
    """Format a date according to the given format string."""
    return date.strftime(format_string)

def date_difference(date1, date2):
    """Calculate the difference between two dates."""
    return (date2 - date1).days

# File operations
def get_file_size(filename):
    """Get the size of a file in bytes."""
    return os.path.getsize(filename)

def rename_file(old_name, new_name):
    """Rename a file."""
    os.rename(old_name, new_name)

# Advanced math operations
def factorial(n):
    """Calculate the factorial of a number."""
    return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n - 1)

def is_prime(n):
    """Check if a number is prime."""
    if n < 2:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

# Network operations
def get_ip_address():
    """Get the machine's IP address."""
    import socket
    return socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

def ping_address(address):
    """Ping an IP address or domain."""
    import subprocess
    return subprocess.call(['ping', '-c', '1', address]) == 0

# System operations
def get_system_info():
    """Get basic system information."""
    import platform
    return {
        'system': platform.system(),
        'version': platform.version(),
        'machine': platform.machine()
    }

def run_command(command):
    """Run a system command and return the output."""
    import subprocess
    return subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True).decode()

# Advanced data structures
class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []

    def push(self, item):
        self.items.append(item)

    def pop(self):
        return self.items.pop() if not self.is_empty() else None

    def is_empty(self):
        return len(self.items) == 0

class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []

    def enqueue(self, item):
        self.items.insert(0, item)

    def dequeue(self):
        return self.items.pop() if not self.is_empty() else None

    def is_empty(self):
        return len(self.items) == 0

# ... (you can continue adding more functions as needed)

# Advanced string operations
def count_letters_and_numbers(text):
    """Count the number of letters and numbers in a string."""
    letters = sum(1 for char in text if char.isalpha())
    numbers = sum(1 for char in text if char.isdigit())
    return {'letters': letters, 'numbers': numbers}

def find_most_common(text):
    """Find the most common character in a string."""
    return max(set(text), key=text.count)

# Advanced list operations
def remove_duplicates_keep_order(lst):
    """Remove duplicates from a list while keeping the original order."""
    seen = set()
    return [x for x in lst if not (x in seen or seen.add(x))]

def find_common_elements(*lists):
    """Find common elements in multiple lists."""
    return list(set.intersection(*map(set, lists)))

# Advanced math operations
def fibonacci(n):
    """Generate a Fibonacci sequence of length n."""
    sequence = [0, 1]
    while len(sequence) < n:
        sequence.append(sequence[-1] + sequence[-2])
    return sequence[:n]

def calculate_percentage(part, whole):
    """Calculate what percentage part is of whole."""
    return (part / whole) * 100

# File operations
def count_lines_in_file(filename):
    """Count the number of lines in a file."""
    with open(filename, 'r') as file:
        return sum(1 for line in file)

def find_files_by_extension(directory, extension):
    """Find all files with a specific extension in a directory."""
    return [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith(extension)]

# Date and time operations
def get_day_of_week(date):
    """Get the day of the week for a given date."""
    return date.strftime("%A")

def add_days_to_date(date, days):
    """Add a number of days to a date."""
    return date + datetime.timedelta(days=days)

# Web scraping
def get_all_links(url):
    """Get all links from a webpage."""
    soup = parse_html(get_webpage(url))
    return [link.get('href') for link in soup.find_all('a')]

def download_image(url, filename):
    """Download an image from a URL."""
    with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
        file.write(requests.get(url).content)

# Data analysis
def describe_data(data):
    """Provide basic statistical description of numerical data."""
    return pd.Series(data).describe().to_dict()

def correlation_between(x, y):
    """Calculate the correlation coefficient between two lists of numbers."""
    return np.corrcoef(x, y)[0, 1]

# Image processing
def apply_filter(image, filter_name):
    """Apply a filter to an image."""
    if filter_name == 'blur':
        return image.filter(Image.BLUR)
    elif filter_name == 'sharpen':
        return image.filter(Image.SHARPEN)
    elif filter_name == 'emboss':
        return image.filter(Image.EMBOSS)
    else:
        say("Unknown filter. Using original image.")
        return image

def crop_image(image, box):
    """Crop an image to a specific region."""
    return image.crop(box)

# Advanced data structures
class PriorityQueue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = []
        
    def enqueue(self, item, priority):
        self.queue.append((item, priority))
        self.queue.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
        
    def dequeue(self):
        return self.queue.pop(0)[0] if self.queue else None

# Network operations
def get_public_ip():
    """Get the public IP address."""
    return requests.get('https://api.ipify.org').text

def is_port_open(host, port):
    """Check if a port is open on a given host."""
    import socket
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    result = sock.connect_ex((host, port))
    sock.close()
    return result == 0

# Encryption and decryption
def encrypt_message(message, key):
    """Simple encryption using XOR."""
    return ''.join(chr(ord(c) ^ key) for c in message)

def decrypt_message(encrypted_message, key):
    """Simple decryption using XOR."""
    return ''.join(chr(ord(c) ^ key) for c in encrypted_message)

# Text analysis
def get_word_frequency(text):
    """Get the frequency of words in a text."""
    words = text.lower().split()
    return {word: words.count(word) for word in set(words)}

def find_longest_word(text):
    """Find the longest word in a text."""
    words = text.split()
    return max(words, key=len)

# Game development helpers
def create_sprite(image_path, x, y):
    """Create a simple sprite for Pygame."""
    sprite = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
    sprite.image = pygame.image.load(image_path)
    sprite.rect = sprite.image.get_rect()
    sprite.rect.x = x
    sprite.rect.y = y
    return sprite

def detect_collision(sprite1, sprite2):
    """Detect collision between two sprites."""
    return pygame.sprite.collide_rect(sprite1, sprite2)

# ... (you can continue adding more functions as needed)

# Audio processing
def record_audio(filename, duration=5, sample_rate=44100, channels=2, chunk=1024):
    """Record audio for a specified duration."""
    audio = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    stream = audio.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=channels,
                        rate=sample_rate, input=True,
                        frames_per_buffer=chunk)
    frames = []
    for _ in range(0, int(sample_rate / chunk * duration)):
        data = stream.read(chunk)
        frames.append(data)
    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    audio.terminate()
    with wave.open(filename, 'wb') as wf:
        wf.setnchannels(channels)
        wf.setsampwidth(audio.get_sample_size(pyaudio.paInt16))
        wf.setframerate(sample_rate)
        wf.writeframes(b''.join(frames))

def play_audio(filename):
    """Play an audio file."""
    chunk = 1024
    wf = wave.open(filename, 'rb')
    p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    stream = p.open(format=p.get_format_from_width(wf.getsampwidth()),
                    channels=wf.getnchannels(),
                    rate=wf.getframerate(),
                    output=True)
    data = wf.readframes(chunk)
    while data:
        stream.write(data)
        data = wf.readframes(chunk)
    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    p.terminate()

# Machine Learning
def simple_linear_regression(X, y):
    """Perform simple linear regression."""
    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
    model = LinearRegression()
    model.fit(X_train, y_train)
    predictions = model.predict(X_test)
    mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, predictions)
    return model, mse

# Natural Language Processing
nltk.download('punkt')
nltk.download('stopwords')

def tokenize_text(text):
    """Tokenize text into words."""
    return word_tokenize(text)

def remove_stopwords(text):
    """Remove stopwords from text."""
    stop_words = set(stopwords.words('english'))
    word_tokens = word_tokenize(text)
    return [w for w in word_tokens if not w.lower() in stop_words]

def stem_words(text):
    """Stem words in the text."""
    ps = PorterStemmer()
    word_tokens = word_tokenize(text)
    return [ps.stem(word) for word in word_tokens]

# Web Development
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello, World!'

def run_web_server(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000):
    """Run a simple web server."""
    app.run(host=host, port=port)

# Data Visualization
def make_heatmap(data, title="Heatmap"):
    """Create a heatmap."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
    sns.heatmap(data, annot=True, cmap="YlGnBu")
    plt.title(title)
    plt.show()

def make_violin_plot(x, y, data, title="Violin Plot"):
    """Create a violin plot."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    sns.violinplot(x=x, y=y, data=data)
    plt.title(title)
    plt.show()

# Cryptography
def generate_key():
    """Generate a key for encryption/decryption."""
    return Fernet.generate_key()

def encrypt_message_secure(message, key):
    """Encrypt a message using Fernet."""
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f.encrypt(message.encode())

def decrypt_message_secure(encrypted_message, key):
    """Decrypt a message using Fernet."""
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f.decrypt(encrypted_message).decode()

# Parallel Processing
def parallel_process(func, iterable):
    """Process a function in parallel."""
    with multiprocessing.Pool() as pool:
        return pool.map(func, iterable)

# GUI Development
def create_simple_window(title, message):
    """Create a simple GUI window with a message."""
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.title(title)
    label = tk.Label(root, text=message)
    label.pack()
    root.mainloop()

# Computer Vision
def capture_image(camera=0):
    """Capture an image from the camera."""
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(camera)
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    cap.release()
    return frame

def save_image_cv2(image, filename):
    """Save an image using OpenCV."""
    cv2.imwrite(filename, image)

# Geocoding
def get_coordinates(address):
    """Get latitude and longitude for an address."""
    geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="myGeocoder")
    location = geolocator.geocode(address)
    if location:
        return (location.latitude, location.longitude)
    return None

# Text-to-Speech
def text_to_speech(text):
    """Convert text to speech and play it."""
    engine = pyttsx3.init()
    engine.say(text)
    engine.runAndWait()

# QR Code Generation
def create_qr_code(data, filename):
    """Create a QR code and save it to a file."""
    qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=5)
    qr.add_data(data)
    qr.make(fit=True)
    img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black", back_color="white")
    img.save(filename)

# PDF Manipulation
def merge_pdfs(pdf_files, output_filename):
    """Merge multiple PDF files into one."""
    pdf_writer = PdfFileWriter()
    for pdf_file in pdf_files:
        pdf_reader = PdfFileReader(pdf_file)
        for page in range(pdf_reader.getNumPages()):
            pdf_writer.addPage(pdf_reader.getPage(page))
    with open(output_filename, 'wb') as out:
        pdf_writer.write(out)

# Data Compression
def compress_data(data):
    """Compress data using zlib."""
    return zlib.compress(data.encode())

def decompress_data(compressed_data):
    """Decompress data using zlib."""
    return zlib.decompress(compressed_data).decode()

# Web Scraping with Selenium
def scrape_dynamic_content(url, element_id, timeout=10):
    """Scrape content from a dynamic website."""
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # Requires ChromeDriver
    driver.get(url)
    try:
        element = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, element_id))
        )
        return element.text
    finally:
        driver.quit()

# ... (you can continue adding more functions as needed)