#!/usr/bin/env python

'''
A boottool clone, but written in python and relying mostly on grubby[1].

[1] - http://git.fedorahosted.org/git/?p=grubby.git
'''

import logging
import optparse
import os
import platform
import re
import shutil
import struct
import subprocess
import sys
import tarfile
import tempfile
import urllib

#
# Get rid of DeprecationWarning messages on newer Python version while still
# making it run on properly on Python 2.4
#
try:
    import hashlib as md5
except ImportError:
    import md5


__all__ = ['Grubby', 'OptionParser', 'EfiVar', 'EfiToolSys',
           'EliloConf', 'find_executable', 'parse_entry']


#
# Information on default requirements and installation for grubby
#
GRUBBY_REQ_VERSION = (8, 15)
GRUBBY_TARBALL_URI = ('http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/grubby/'
                      'grubby-8.15.tar.bz2/c53d3f4cb5d22b25d27e3ee4c7ed5b80/'
                      'grubby-8.15.tar.bz2')
GRUBBY_TARBALL_MD5 = 'c53d3f4cb5d22b25d27e3ee4c7ed5b80'
GRUBBY_DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PATH = '/sbin/grubby'
GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH = '/tmp/grubby'

#
# All options that are first class actions
# One of them should be given on the command line
#
ACTIONS = ['bootloader-probe',
           'arch-probe',
           'add-kernel',
           'boot-once',
           'install',
           'remove-kernel',
           'info',
           'set-default',
           'default',
           'update-kernel',
           # Commands not available in the old boottool
           'grubby-version',
           'grubby-version-check',
           'grubby-install']

#
# When the command line is parsed, 'opts' gets attributes that are named
# after the command line options, but with slight changes
#
ACTIONS_OPT_METHOD_NAME = [act.replace('-', '_') for act in ACTIONS]


#
# Actions (as a opt/method name) that require a --title parameter
#
ACTIONS_REQUIRE_TITLE = ['boot_once', ]


#
# Include the logger (logging channel) name on the default logging config
#
LOGGING_FORMAT = "%(levelname)s: %(name)s: %(message)s"

#
# Default log object
#
log = logging.getLogger('boottool')


def find_header(hdr):
    """
    Find a given header in the system.
    """
    for dir in ['/usr/include', '/usr/local/include']:
        file = os.path.join(dir, hdr)
        if os.path.exists(file):
            return file
    raise ValueError('Missing header: %s' % hdr)


class EfiVar(object):

    '''
    Helper class to manipulate EFI firmware variables

    This class has no notion of the EFI firmware variables interface, that is,
    where it should read from or write to in order to create or delete EFI
    variables.

    On systems with kernel >= 2.6, that interface is a directory structure
    under /sys/firmware/efi/vars.

    On systems with kernel <= 2.4, that interface is going to be a directory
    structure under /proc/efi/vars. But be advised: this has not been tested
    yet on kernels <= 2.4.
    '''

    GUID_FMT = '16B'
    GUID_CONTENT = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)

    ATTR_NON_VOLATILE = 0x0000000000000001
    ATTR_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS = 0x0000000000000002
    ATTR_RUNTIME_ACCESS = 0x0000000000000004

    DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES = (ATTR_NON_VOLATILE |
                          ATTR_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS |
                          ATTR_RUNTIME_ACCESS)

    FMT = ('512H' +
           GUID_FMT +
           '1L' +
           '512H' +
           '1L' +
           '1I')

    def __init__(self, name, data, guid=None, attributes=None):
        '''
        Instantiates a new EfiVar

        :type name: string
        :param name: the name of the variable that will be created
        :type data: string
        :param data: user data that will populate the variable
        :type guid: tuple
        :param guid: content for the guid value that composes the full variable
                     name
        :param attributes: integer
        :param attributes: bitwise AND of the EFI attributes this variable will
                           have set
        '''
        self.data = data
        self.name = name

        if guid is None:
            guid = self.GUID_CONTENT
        self.guid = guid

        if attributes is None:
            attributes = self.DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES
        self.attributes = attributes

    def get_name(self):
        '''
        Returns the variable name in a list ready for struct.pack()
        '''
        l = []
        for i in range(512):
            l.append(0)

        for i in range(len(self.name)):
            l[i] = ord(self.name[i])
        return l

    def get_data(self):
        '''
        Returns the variable data in a list ready for struct.pack()
        '''
        l = []
        for i in range(512):
            l.append(0)

        for i in range(len(self.data)):
            l[i] = ord(self.data[i])
        return l

    def get_packed(self):
        '''
        Returns the EFI variable raw data packed by struct.pack()

        This data should be written to the appropriate interface to create
        an EFI variable
        '''
        params = self.get_name()
        params += self.guid
        params.append((len(self.data) * 2) + 2)
        params += self.get_data()
        params.append(0)
        params.append(self.attributes)

        return struct.pack(self.FMT, *params)


class EfiToolSys(object):

    '''
    Interfaces with /sys/firmware/efi/vars provided by the kernel

    This interface is present on kernels >= 2.6 with CONFIG_EFI and
    CONFIG_EFI_VARS options set.
    '''

    BASE_PATH = '/sys/firmware/efi/vars'
    NEW_VAR = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'new_var')
    DEL_VAR = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'del_var')

    def __init__(self):
        if not os.path.exists(self.BASE_PATH):
            sys.exit(-1)
        self.log = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)

    def create_variable(self, name, data, guid=None, attributes=None):
        '''
        Creates a new EFI variable

        :type name: string
        :param name: the name of the variable that will be created
        :type data: string
        :param data: user data that will populate the variable
        :type guid: tuple
        :param guid: content for the guid value that composes the full variable
                     name
        :param attributes: integer
        :param attributes: bitwise AND of the EFI attributes this variable will
                           have set
        '''
        if not self.check_basic_structure():
            return False

        var = EfiVar(name, data, guid, attributes)
        f = open(self.NEW_VAR, 'w')
        f.write(var.get_packed())
        return True

    def delete_variable(self, name, data, guid=None, attributes=None):
        '''
        Delets an existing EFI variable

        :type name: string
        :param name: the name of the variable that will be deleted
        :type data: string
        :param data: user data that will populate the variable
        :type guid: tuple
        :param guid: content for the guid value that composes the full variable
                     name
        :param attributes: integer
        :param attributes: bitwise AND of the EFI attributes this variable will
                           have set
        '''
        if not self.check_basic_structure():
            return False

        var = EfiVar(name, data, guid, attributes)
        f = open(self.DEL_VAR, 'w')
        f.write(var.get_packed())
        return True

    def check_basic_structure(self):
        '''
        Checks the basic directory structure for the /sys/.../vars interface
        '''
        status = True
        if not os.path.isdir(self.BASE_PATH):
            self.log.error('Could not find the base directory interface for '
                           'EFI variables: "%s"', self.BASE_PATH)
            status = False

        if not os.path.exists(self.NEW_VAR):
            self.log.error('Could not find the file interface for creating new'
                           ' EFI variables: "%s"', self.NEW_VAR)
            status = False

        if not os.path.exists(self.DEL_VAR):
            self.log.error('Could not find the file interface for deleting '
                           'EFI variables: "%s"', self.DEL_VAR)
            status = False

        return status


class EliloConf(object):

    '''
    A simple parser for elilo configuration file

    Has simple features to add and remove global options only, as this is all
    we need. grubby takes care of manipulating the boot entries themselves.
    '''

    def __init__(self, path='/etc/elilo.conf'):
        '''
        Instantiates a new EliloConf

        :type path: string
        :param path: path to elilo.conf
        '''
        self.path = path
        self.global_options_to_add = {}
        self.global_options_to_remove = {}

        self._follow_symlink()

    def _follow_symlink(self):
        '''
        Dereference the path if it's a symlink and make it absolute

        elilo.conf usually is a symlink to the EFI boot partition, so we
        better follow it to the proper location.
        '''
        if os.path.islink(self.path):
            self.path_link = self.path
            self.path = os.path.realpath(self.path_link)

        self.path = os.path.abspath(self.path)

    def add_global_option(self, key, val=None):
        '''
        Adds a global option to the updated elilo configuration file

        :type key: string
        :param key: option name
        :type val: string or None
        :param key: option value or None for options with no values
        :return: None
        '''
        self.global_options_to_add[key] = val

    def remove_global_option(self, key, val=None):
        '''
        Removes a global option to the updated elilo configuration file

        :type key: string
        :param key: option name
        :type val: string or None
        :param key: option value or None for options with no values
        :return: None
        '''
        self.global_options_to_remove[key] = val

    def line_to_keyval(self, line):
        '''
        Transforms a text line from the configuration file into a tuple

        :type line: string
        :param line: line of text from the configuration file
        :return: a tuple with key and value
        '''
        parts = line.split('=', 1)
        key = parts[0].rstrip()
        if len(parts) == 1:
            val = None
        elif len(parts) == 2:
            val = parts[1].strip()
        return (key, val)

    def keyval_to_line(self, keyval):
        '''
        Transforms a tuple into a text line suitable for the config file

        :type keyval: tuple
        :param keyval: a tuple containing key and value
        :return: a text line suitable for the config file
        '''
        key, val = keyval
        if val is None:
            return '%s\n' % key
        else:
            return '%s=%s\n' % (key, val)

    def matches_global_option_to_remove(self, line):
        '''
        Utility method to check if option is to be removed

        :type line: string
        :param line: line of text from the configuration file
        :return: True or False
        '''
        key, val = self.line_to_keyval(line)
        if key in self.global_options_to_remove:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def matches_global_option_to_add(self, line):
        '''
        Utility method to check if option is to be added

        :type line: string
        :param line: line of text from the configuration file
        :return: True or False
        '''
        key, val = self.line_to_keyval(line)
        if key in self.global_options_to_add:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_updated_content(self):
        '''
        Returns the config file content with options to add and remove applied
        '''
        output = ''

        for key, val in self.global_options_to_add.items():
            output += self.keyval_to_line((key, val))

        eliloconf = open(self.path, 'r')
        for line in eliloconf.readlines():
            if self.matches_global_option_to_remove(line):
                continue
            if self.matches_global_option_to_add(line):
                continue
            else:
                output += line

        eliloconf.close()
        return output

    def update(self):
        '''
        Writes the updated content to the configuration file
        '''
        content = self.get_updated_content()
        eliloconf_write = open(self.path, 'w')
        eliloconf_write.write(content)
        eliloconf_write.close()


def find_executable(executable, favorite_path=None):
    '''
    Returns whether the system has a given executable

    :type executable: string
    :param executable: the name of a file that can be read and executed
    '''
    if os.path.isabs(executable):
        paths = [os.path.dirname(executable)]
        executable = os.path.basename(executable)
    else:
        paths = os.environ['PATH'].split(':')
        if favorite_path is not None and favorite_path not in paths:
            paths.insert(0, favorite_path)

    for d in paths:
        f = os.path.join(d, executable)
        if os.path.exists(f) and os.access(f, os.R_OK | os.X_OK):
            return f
    return None


def parse_entry(entry_str, separator='='):
    """
    Parse entry as returned by boottool.

    :param entry_str: one entry information as returned by boottool
    :return: dictionary of key -> value where key is the string before
            the first ":" in an entry line and value is the string after
            it
    """
    entry = {}
    for line in entry_str.splitlines():
        if len(line) == 0:
            continue

        try:
            name, value = line.split(separator, 1)
        except ValueError:
            continue

        name = name.strip()
        value = value.strip()

        if name == 'index':
            # index values are integrals
            value = int(value)
        entry[name] = value

    return entry


def detect_distro_type():
    '''
    Simple distro detection based on release/version files
    '''
    if os.path.exists('/etc/redhat-release'):
        return 'redhat'
    elif os.path.exists('/etc/debian_version'):
        return 'debian'
    elif os.path.exists('/etc/SuSE-release'):
        return 'suse'
    else:
        return None


class DebianBuildDeps(object):

    '''
    Checks and install grubby build dependencies on Debian (like) systems

    Tested on:
       * Debian Squeeze (6.0)
       * Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
    '''

    PKGS = ['gcc', 'make', 'libpopt-dev', 'libblkid-dev']

    def check(self):
        '''
        Checks if necessary packages are already installed
        '''
        result = True
        for p in self.PKGS:
            args = ['dpkg-query', '--show', '--showformat=${Status}', p]
            output = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=False,
                                      stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      close_fds=True).stdout.read()
            if output != 'install ok installed':
                result = False
        return result

    def install(self):
        '''
        Attempt to install the build dependencies via a package manager
        '''
        if self.check():
            return True
        else:
            try:
                args = ['apt-get', 'update', '-qq']
                subprocess.call(args,
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

                args = ['apt-get', 'install', '-qq'] + self.PKGS
                subprocess.call(args,
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            except OSError:
                pass
        return self.check()


class RPMBuildDeps(object):

    '''
    Base class for RPM based systems
    '''

    def check(self):
        '''
        Checks if necessary packages are already installed
        '''
        result = True
        for p in self.PKGS:
            args = ['rpm', '-q', '--qf=%{NAME}', p]
            output = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=False,
                                      stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      close_fds=True).stdout.read()
            if not output.startswith(p):
                result = False

        return result


class SuseBuildDeps(RPMBuildDeps):

    '''
    Checks and install grubby build dependencies on SuSE (like) systems

    Tested on:
       * OpenSuSE 12.2
    '''

    PKGS = ['gcc', 'make', 'popt-devel', 'libblkid-devel']

    def install(self):
        '''
        Attempt to install the build dependencies via a package manager
        '''
        if self.check():
            return True
        else:
            try:
                args = ['zypper', '-n', '--no-cd', 'install'] + self.PKGS
                result = subprocess.call(args,
                                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            except OSError:
                pass
        return self.check()


class RedHatBuildDeps(RPMBuildDeps):

    '''
    Checks and install grubby build dependencies on RedHat (like) systems

    Tested on:
       * Fedora 17
       * RHEL 5
       * RHEL 6
    '''

    PKGS = ['gcc', 'make']
    REDHAT_RELEASE_RE = re.compile('.*\srelease\s(\d)\.(\d)\s.*')

    def __init__(self):
        '''
        Initializes a new dep installer, taking into account RHEL version
        '''
        match = self.REDHAT_RELEASE_RE.match(open('/etc/redhat-release').read())
        if match:
            major, minor = match.groups()
            if int(major) <= 5:
                self.PKGS += ['popt', 'e2fsprogs-devel']
            else:
                self.PKGS += ['popt-devel', 'libblkid-devel']

    def install(self):
        '''
        Attempt to install the build dependencies via a package manager
        '''
        if self.check():
            return True
        else:
            try:
                args = ['yum', 'install', '-q', '-y'] + self.PKGS

                # This is an extra safety step, to install the needed header
                # in case the blkid headers package could not be detected
                args += ['/usr/include/popt.h',
                         '/usr/include/blkid/blkid.h']

                result = subprocess.call(args,
                                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            except OSError:
                pass
        return self.check()


DISTRO_DEPS_MAPPING = {
    'debian': DebianBuildDeps,
    'redhat': RedHatBuildDeps,
    'suse': SuseBuildDeps
}


def install_grubby_if_necessary(path=None):
    '''
    Installs grubby if it's necessary on this system

    Or if the required version is not sufficient for the needs of boottool
    '''
    installed_grubby = False

    if path is None:
        if find_executable(GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH):
            executable = GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH
        else:
            executable = find_executable(GRUBBY_DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PATH)
    else:
        executable = find_executable(path)

    if executable is None:
        log.info('Installing grubby because it was not found on this system')
        grubby = Grubby()
        path = grubby.grubby_install()
        installed_grubby = True
    else:
        grubby = Grubby(executable)
        current_version = grubby.get_grubby_version()
        if current_version is None:
            log.error('Could not find version for grubby executable "%s"',
                      executable)
            path = grubby.grubby_install()
            installed_grubby = True

        elif current_version < GRUBBY_REQ_VERSION:
            log.info('Installing grubby because currently installed '
                     'version (%s.%s) is not recent enough',
                     current_version[0], current_version[1])
            path = grubby.grubby_install()
            installed_grubby = True

    if installed_grubby:
        grubby = Grubby(path)
        installed_version = grubby.get_grubby_version_raw()
        log.debug('Installed: %s', installed_version)


class GrubbyInstallException(Exception):

    '''
    Exception that signals failure when doing grubby installation
    '''
    pass


class Grubby(object):

    '''
    Grubby wrapper

    This class calls the grubby binary for most commands, but also
    adds some functionality that is not really suited to be included
    in int, such as boot-once.
    '''

    SUPPORTED_BOOTLOADERS = ('lilo', 'grub2', 'grub', 'extlinux', 'yaboot',
                             'elilo')

    def __init__(self, path=None, opts=None):
        self._set_path(path)
        self.bootloader = None
        self.opts = opts
        self.log = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)

        if os.environ.has_key('BOOTTOOL_DEBUG_RUN'):
            self.debug_run = True
        else:
            self.debug_run = False

        self._check_grubby_version()
        self._set_bootloader()

    def _set_path(self, path=None):
        """
        Set grubby path.

        If path is not provided, check first if there's a built grubby,
        then look for the system grubby.

        :param path: Alternate grubby path.
        """
        if path is None:
            if os.path.exists(GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH):
                self.path = GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH
            else:
                self.path = GRUBBY_DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PATH
        else:
            self.path = path

    #
    # The following block contain utility functions that are used to build
    # most of these class methods, such as methods for running commands
    # and preparing grubby command line switches.
    #

    def _check_grubby_version(self):
        '''
        Checks the version of grubby in use and warns if it's not good enough
        '''
        current_version = self.get_grubby_version()
        if current_version is None:
            self.log.warn('Could not detect current grubby version. It may '
                          'be that you are running an unsupported version '
                          'of grubby')
        elif current_version < GRUBBY_REQ_VERSION:
            self.log.warn('version %s.%s being used is not guaranteed to '
                          'work properly. Mininum required version is %s.%s.',
                          current_version[0], current_version[1],
                          GRUBBY_REQ_VERSION[0], GRUBBY_REQ_VERSION[1])

    def _run_get_output(self, arguments):
        '''
        Utility function that runs a command and returns command output
        '''
        if self.debug_run:
            self.log.debug('running: "%s"', ' '.join(arguments))

        result = None
        try:
            result = subprocess.Popen(arguments, shell=False,
                                      stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      close_fds=True).stdout.read()
        except:
            pass

        if result is not None:
            result = result.strip()
            if self.debug_run:
                logging.debug('previous command output: "%s"', result)
        else:
            self.log.error('_run_get_output error while running: "%s"',
                           ' '.join(arguments))
        return result

    def _run_get_output_err(self, arguments):
        '''
        Utility function that runs a command and returns command output
        '''
        if self.debug_run:
            self.log.debug('running: "%s"', ' '.join(arguments))

        result = None
        try:
            result = subprocess.Popen(arguments, shell=False,
                                      stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      close_fds=True).stdout.read()
        except:
            pass

        if result is not None:
            result = result.strip()
            if self.debug_run:
                logging.debug('previous command output/error: "%s"', result)
        else:
            self.log.error('_run_get_output_err error while running: "%s"',
                           ' '.join(arguments))
        return result

    def _run_get_return(self, arguments):
        '''
        Utility function that runs a command and returns status code
        '''
        if self.debug_run:
            self.log.debug('running: "%s"', ' '.join(arguments))

        result = None
        try:
            result = subprocess.call(arguments)
            if self.debug_run:
                logging.debug('previous command result: %s', result)
        except OSError:
            result = -1
            self.log.error('caught OSError, returning %s', result)

        return result

    def _set_bootloader(self, bootloader=None):
        '''
        Attempts to detect what bootloader is installed on the system

        The result of this method is used in all other calls to grubby,
        so that it acts accordingly to the bootloader detected.
        '''
        if bootloader is None:
            result = self.get_bootloader()
            if result is not None:
                self.bootloader = result
        else:
            if bootloader in self.SUPPORTED_BOOTLOADERS:
                self.bootloader = bootloader
            else:
                raise ValueError('Bootloader "%s" is not supported' %
                                 bootloader)

    def _dist_uses_grub2(self):
        if self.get_architecture().startswith('ppc64'):
            (d_name, d_version, d_id) = platform.dist()
            if d_name.lower() == 'redhat' and d_version >= 7:
                return True
            if d_name.lower() == 'suse' and d_version >= 12:
                return True
        return False

    def _run_grubby_prepare_args(self, arguments, include_bootloader=True):
        '''
        Prepares the argument list when running a grubby command
        '''
        args = []

        if self.path is None:
            self._set_path()

        args.append(self.path)

        if self.path is not None and not os.path.exists(self.path):
            self.log.error('grubby executable does not exist: "%s"', self.path)
            if not os.access(self.path, os.R_OK | os.X_OK):
                self.log.error('insufficient permissions (read and execute) '
                               'for grubby executable: "%s"', self.path)

        # If a bootloader has been detected, that is, a mode has been set,
        # it's passed as the first command line argument to grubby
        if include_bootloader and self.bootloader is not None:
            args.append('--%s' % self.bootloader)

        # Override configuration file
        if self.opts is not None and self.opts.config_file:
            args.append('--config-file=%s' % self.opts.config_file)
        elif self._dist_uses_grub2():
            args.append('--config-file=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg')

        args += arguments
        return args

    def _run_grubby_get_output(self, arguments, include_bootloader=True):
        '''
        Utility function that runs grubby with arguments and returns output
        '''
        args = self._run_grubby_prepare_args(arguments, include_bootloader)
        return self._run_get_output(args)

    def _run_grubby_get_return(self, arguments, include_bootloader=True):
        '''
        Utility function that runs grubby with and returns status code
        '''
        args = self._run_grubby_prepare_args(arguments, include_bootloader)
        return self._run_get_return(args)

    def _extract_tarball(self, tarball, directory):
        '''
        Extract tarball into the an directory

        This code assume the first (or only) entry is the main directory

        :type tarball: string
        :param tarball: tarball file path
        :type directory: string
        :param directory: directory path
        :return: path of toplevel directory as extracted from tarball
        '''
        f = tarfile.open(tarball)
        members = f.getmembers()
        topdir = members[0]
        assert topdir.isdir()
        # we can not use extractall() because it is not available on python 2.4
        for m in members:
            f.extract(m, directory)
        return os.path.join(directory, topdir.name)

    def _get_entry_indexes(self, info):
        '''
        Returns the indexes found in a get_info() output

        :type info: list of lines
        :param info: result of utility method get_info()
        :return: maximum index number
        '''
        indexes = []
        for line in self.get_info_lines():
            try:
                key, value = line.split("=")
                if key == 'index':
                    indexes.append(int(value))
            except ValueError:
                pass
        return indexes

    def _index_for_title(self, title):
        '''
        Returns the index of an entry based on the title of the entry

        :type title: string
        :param title: the title of the entry
        :return: the index of the given entry or None
        '''
        if self._is_number(title):
            return title

        info = self.get_info_lines()

        for i in self._get_entry_indexes(info):
            info = self.get_info(i)
            if info is None:
                continue
            lines = info.splitlines()
            looking_for = ('title=%s' % title,
                           'label=%s' % title)
            for line in lines:
                if line in looking_for:
                    return i
        return None

    def _info_filter(self, info, key, value=None):
        '''
        Filters info, looking for keys, optionally set with a given value

        :type info: list of lines
        :param info: result of utility method get_info()
        :type key: string
        :param key: filter based on this key
        :type value: string
        :param value: filter based on this value
        :return: value or None
        '''
        for line in info:
            if value is not None:
                looking_for = '%s=%s' % (key, value)
                if line == looking_for:
                    return line.split("=")[1]
            else:
                if line.startswith("%s=" % key):
                    return line.split("=")[1]
        return None

    def _kernel_for_title(self, title):
        '''
        Returns the kernel path for an entry based on its title

        :type title: string
        :param title: the title of the entry
        :return: the kernel path of None
        '''
        index = self._index_for_title(title)
        if index is not None:
            info = self.get_info_lines(index)
            kernel = self._info_filter(info, 'kernel')
            return kernel
        else:
            return None

    def _is_number(self, data):
        '''
        Returns true if supplied data is an int or string with digits
        '''
        if isinstance(data, int):
            return True
        elif isinstance(data, str) and data.isdigit():
            return True
        return False

    def _get_entry_selection(self, data):
        '''
        Returns a valid grubby parameter for commands such as --update-kernel
        '''
        if self._is_number(data):
            return data
        elif isinstance(data, str) and data.startswith('/'):
            # assume it's the kernel filename
            return data
        elif isinstance(data, str):
            return self._kernel_for_title(data)
        else:
            raise ValueError("Bad value for 'kernel' parameter. Expecting "
                             "either and int (index) or string (kernel or "
                             "title)")

    def _remove_duplicate_cmdline_args(self, cmdline):
        """
        Remove the duplicate entries in cmdline making sure that the first
        duplicate occurrences are the ones removed and the last one remains
        (this is in order to not change the semantics of the "console"
        parameter where the last occurrence has special meaning)

        :param cmdline: a space separate list of kernel boot parameters
            (ex. 'console=ttyS0,57600n8 nmi_watchdog=1')
        :return: a space separated list of kernel boot parameters without
            duplicates
        """
        copied = set()
        new_args = []

        for arg in reversed(cmdline.split()):
            if arg not in copied:
                new_args.insert(0, arg)
                copied.add(arg)
        return ' '.join(new_args)

    #
    # The following methods implement a form of "API" that action methods
    # can rely on. Another goal is to maintain compatibility with the current
    # client side API in autotest (client/shared/boottool.py)
    #
    def get_bootloader(self):
        '''
        Get the bootloader name that is detected on this machine

        This module performs the same action as client side boottool.py
        get_type() method, but with a better name IMHO.

        :return: name of detected bootloader
        '''
        args = [self.path, '--bootloader-probe']
        output = self._run_get_output_err(args)
        if output is None:
            return None
        if output.startswith('grubby: bad argument'):
            return None
        elif output not in self.SUPPORTED_BOOTLOADERS:
            return None
        return output

    # Alias for client side boottool.py API
    get_type = get_bootloader

    # Alias for boottool app
    bootloader_probe = get_bootloader

    def get_architecture(self):
        '''
        Get the system architecture

        This is much simpler version then the original boottool version, that
        does not attempt to filter the result of the command / system call
        that returns the archicture.

        :return: string with system archicteture, such as x86_64, ppc64, etc
        '''
        return os.uname()[4]

    # Alias for boottool app
    arch_probe = get_architecture

    def get_titles(self):
        '''
        Get the title of all boot entries.

        :return: list with titles of boot entries
        '''
        titles = []
        for line in self.get_info_lines():
            try:
                key, value = line.split("=")
                if key in ['title', 'label']:
                    titles.append(value)
            except ValueError:
                pass
        return titles

    def get_default_index(self):
        '''
        Get the default entry index.

        This module performs the same action as client side boottool.py
        get_default() method, but with a better name IMHO.

        :return: an integer with the the default entry.
        '''
        default_index = self._run_grubby_get_output(['--default-index'])
        if default_index is not None and default_index:
            default_index = int(default_index)
        return default_index

    # Alias for client side boottool.py API
    get_default = get_default_index

    # Alias for boottool app
    default = get_default_index

    def set_default_by_index(self, index):
        """
        Sets the given entry number to be the default on every next boot

        To set a default only for the next boot, use boot_once() instead.

        This module performs the same action as client side boottool.py
        set_default() method, but with a better name IMHO.

        Note: both --set-default=<kernel> and --set-default-index=<index>
        on grubby returns no error when it doesn't find the kernel or
        index. So this method will, until grubby gets fixed, always return
        success.

        :param index: entry index number to set as the default.
        """
        return self._run_grubby_get_return(['--set-default-index=%s' % index])

    # Alias for client side boottool.py API
    set_default = set_default_by_index

    def get_default_title(self):
        '''
        Get the default entry title.

        Conforms to the client side boottool.py API, but rely directly on
        grubby functionality.

        :return: a string of the default entry title.
        '''
        return self._run_grubby_get_output(['--default-title'])

    def get_entry(self, search_info):
        """
        Get a single bootloader entry information.

        NOTE: if entry is "fallback" and bootloader is grub
        use index instead of kernel title ("fallback") as fallback is
        a special option in grub

        :param search_info: can be 'default', position number or title
        :return: a dictionary of key->value where key is the type of entry
                information (ex. 'title', 'args', 'kernel', etc) and value
                is the value for that piece of information.
        """
        info = self.get_info(search_info)
        return parse_entry(info)

    def get_entries(self):
        """
        Get all entries information.

        :return: a dictionary of index -> entry where entry is a dictionary
                of entry information as described for get_entry().
        """
        raw = self.get_info()

        entries = {}
        for entry_str in re.split("index", raw):
            if len(entry_str.strip()) == 0:
                continue
            if entry_str.startswith('boot='):
                continue
            if 'non linux entry' in entry_str:
                continue
            entry = parse_entry("index" + entry_str)
            try:
                entries[entry["index"]] = entry
            except KeyError:
                continue

        return entries

    def get_info(self, entry='ALL'):
        '''
        Returns information on a given entry, or all of them if not specified

        The information is returned as a set of lines, that match the output
        of 'grubby --info=<entry>'

        :type entry: string
        :param entry: entry description, usually an index starting from 0
        :return: set of lines
        '''
        command = '--info=%s' % entry
        info = self._run_grubby_get_output([command])
        if info:
            return info

    def get_title_for_kernel(self, path):
        """
        Returns a title for a particular kernel.

        :param path: path of the kernel image configured in the boot config
        :return: if the given kernel path is found it will return a string
                with the title for the found entry, otherwise returns None
        """
        entries = self.get_entries()
        for entry in entries.itervalues():
            if entry.get('kernel') == path:
                return entry['title']
        return None

    def add_args(self, kernel, args):
        """
        Add cmdline arguments for the specified kernel.

        :param kernel: can be a position number (index) or title
        :param args: argument to be added to the current list of args
        """
        entry_selection = self._get_entry_selection(kernel)
        command_arguments = ['--update-kernel=%s' % entry_selection,
                             '--args=%s' % args]
        self._run_grubby_get_return(command_arguments)

    def remove_args(self, kernel, args):
        """
        Removes specified cmdline arguments.

        :param kernel: can be a position number (index) or title
        :param args: argument to be removed of the current list of args
        """
        entry_selection = self._get_entry_selection(kernel)
        command_arguments = ['--update-kernel=%s' % entry_selection,
                             '--remove-args=%s' % args]
        self._run_grubby_get_return(command_arguments)

    def add_kernel(self, path, title='autoserv', root=None, args=None,
                   initrd=None, default=False, position='end'):
        """
        Add a kernel entry to the bootloader (or replace if one exists
        already with the same title).

        :param path: string path to the kernel image file
        :param title: title of this entry in the bootloader config
        :param root: string of the root device
        :param args: string with cmdline args
        :param initrd: string path to the initrd file
        :param default: set to True to make this entry the default one
                (default False)
        :param position: where to insert the new entry in the bootloader
                config file (default 'end', other valid input 'start', or
                # of the title)
        :param xen_hypervisor: xen hypervisor image file (valid only when
                xen mode is enabled)
        """
        if title in self.get_titles():
            self.remove_kernel(title)

        parameters = ['--add-kernel=%s' % path, '--title=%s' % title]

        # FIXME: grubby takes no --root parameter
        # if root:
        #     parameters.append('--root=%s' % root)

        if args:
            parameters.append('--args=%s' %
                              self._remove_duplicate_cmdline_args(args))

        if initrd:
            parameters.append('--initrd=%s' % initrd)

        if default:
            parameters.append('--make-default')

        # There's currently an issue with grubby '--add-to-bottom' feature.
        # Because it uses the tail instead of the head of the list to add
        # a new entry, when copying a default entry as a template
        # (--copy-default), it usually copies the "recover" entries that
        # usually go along a regular boot entry, specially on grub2.
        #
        # So, for now, until I fix grubby, we'll *not* respect the position
        # (--position=end) command line option.
        #
        # if opts.position == 'end':
        #     parameters.append('--add-to-bottom')

        parameters.append("--copy-default")
        return self._run_grubby_get_return(parameters)

    def remove_kernel(self, kernel):
        """
        Removes a specific entry from the bootloader configuration.

        :param kernel: entry position or entry title.

        FIXME: param kernel should also take 'start' or 'end'.
        """
        entry_selection = self._get_entry_selection(kernel)
        if entry_selection is None:
            self.log.debug('remove_kernel for title "%s" did not find an '
                           'entry. This is most probably NOT an error', kernel)
            return 0

        command_arguments = ['--remove-kernel=%s' % entry_selection]
        return self._run_grubby_get_return(command_arguments)

    #
    # The following methods are not present in the original client side
    # boottool.py
    #
    def get_info_lines(self, entry='ALL'):
        '''
        Returns information on a given entry, or all of them if not specified

        The information is returned as a set of lines, that match the output
        of 'grubby --info=<entry>'

        :type entry: string
        :param entry: entry description, usually an index starting from 0
        :return: set of lines
        '''
        info = self.get_info(entry)
        if info:
            return info.splitlines()

    def get_grubby_version_raw(self):
        '''
        Get the version of grubby that is installed on this machine as is

        :return: string with raw output from grubby --version
        '''
        return self._run_grubby_get_output(['--version'], False)

    def get_grubby_version(self):
        '''
        Get the version of grubby that is installed on this machine

        :return: tuple with (major, minor) grubby version
        '''
        output = self.get_grubby_version_raw()
        if output is None:
            self.log.warn('Could not run grubby to fetch its version')
            return None

        match = re.match('(grubby version)?(\s)?(\d+)\.(\d+)(.*)', output)
        if match:
            groups = match.groups()
            return (int(groups[2]), int(groups[3]))
        else:
            return None

    def grubby_install_patch_makefile(self):
        '''
        Patch makefile, making CFLAGS more forgivable to older toolchains
        '''
        cflags_line = 'CFLAGS += $(RPM_OPT_FLAGS) -std=gnu99 -ggdb\n'
        libs_line = 'grubby_LIBS = -lblkid -lpopt -luuid\n'
        shutil.move('Makefile', 'Makefile.boottool.bak')
        o = open('Makefile', 'w')
        for l in open('Makefile.boottool.bak').readlines():
            if l.startswith('CFLAGS += '):
                o.write(cflags_line)
            elif l.startswith('grubby_LIBS = -lblkid -lpopt'):
                o.write(libs_line)
            else:
                o.write(l)
        o.close()

    def grubby_install_backup(self, path):
        '''
        Backs up the current grubby binary to make room the one we'll build

        :type path: string
        :param path: path to the binary that should be backed up
        '''
        backup_path = '%s.boottool.bkp' % path
        if (os.path.exists(path) and not os.path.exists(backup_path)):
            try:
                shutil.move(path, backup_path)
            except:
                self.log.warn('Failed to backup the current grubby binary')

    def grubby_install_fetch_tarball(self, topdir):
        '''
        Fetches and verifies the grubby source tarball
        '''
        tarball_name = os.path.basename(GRUBBY_TARBALL_URI)

        # first look in the current directory
        try:
            tarball = tarball_name
            f = open(tarball)
        except:
            try:
                # then the autotest source directory
                # pylint: disable=E0611
                from autotest.client.shared.settings import settings
                top_path = settings.get_value('COMMON', 'autotest_top_path')
                tarball = os.path.join(top_path, tarball_name)
                f = open(tarball)
            except:
                # then try to grab it from github
                try:
                    tarball = os.path.join(topdir, tarball_name)
                    urllib.urlretrieve(GRUBBY_TARBALL_URI, tarball)
                    f = open(tarball)
                except:
                    return None

        tarball_md5 = md5.md5(f.read()).hexdigest()
        if tarball_md5 != GRUBBY_TARBALL_MD5:
            return None

        return tarball

    def grubby_build(self, topdir, tarball):
        '''
        Attempts to build grubby from the source tarball
        '''
        def log_lines(lines):
            for line in lines:
                self.log.debug(line.strip())

        try:
            find_header('popt.h')
        except ValueError:
            self.log.debug('No popt.h header present, skipping build')
            return False

        tarball_name = os.path.basename(tarball)

        srcdir = os.path.join(topdir, 'src')
        srcdir = self._extract_tarball(tarball, srcdir)
        os.chdir(srcdir)
        self.grubby_install_patch_makefile()
        result = subprocess.Popen(['make'],
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        if result.wait() != 0:
            self.log.debug('Failed to build grubby during "make" step')
            log_lines(result.stderr.read().splitlines())
            return False

        install_root = os.path.join(topdir, 'install_root')
        os.environ['DESTDIR'] = install_root
        result = subprocess.Popen(['make', 'install'],
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        if result.wait() != 0:
            self.log.debug('Failed to build grubby during "make install" step')
            log_lines(result.stderr.read().splitlines())
            return False
        return True

    def grubby_install(self, path=None):
        '''
        Attempts to install a recent enough version of grubby

        So far tested on:
           * Fedora 16 x86_64
           * Debian 6 x86_64
           * SuSE 12.1 x86_64
           * RHEL 4 on ia64 (with updated python 2.4)
           * RHEL 5 on ia64
           * RHEL 6 on ppc64
        '''
        if path is None:
            if os.geteuid() == 0:
                path = GRUBBY_DEFAULT_SYSTEM_PATH
            else:
                path = GRUBBY_DEFAULT_USER_PATH

        topdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()

        deps_klass = DISTRO_DEPS_MAPPING.get(detect_distro_type(), None)
        if deps_klass is not None:
            deps = deps_klass()
            if not deps.check():
                self.log.warn('Installing distro build deps for grubby. This '
                              'may take a while, depending on bandwidth and '
                              'actual number of packages to install')
                if not deps.install():
                    self.log.error('Failed to install distro build deps for '
                                   'grubby')

        tarball = self.grubby_install_fetch_tarball(topdir)
        if tarball is None:
            raise GrubbyInstallException('Failed to fetch grubby tarball')

        srcdir = os.path.join(topdir, 'src')
        install_root = os.path.join(topdir, 'install_root')
        os.mkdir(install_root)

        if not self.grubby_build(topdir, tarball):
            raise GrubbyInstallException('Failed to build grubby')

        self.grubby_install_backup(path)

        grubby_bin = os.path.join(install_root, 'sbin', 'grubby')
        inst_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
        if not os.access(inst_dir, os.W_OK):
            raise GrubbyInstallException('No permission to copy grubby '
                                         'binary to directory "%s"' % inst_dir)
        try:
            shutil.copy(grubby_bin, path)
        except:
            raise GrubbyInstallException('Failed to copy grubby binary to '
                                         'directory "%s"' % inst_dir)

        return path

    def boot_once(self, title=None):
        '''
        Configures the bootloader to boot an entry only once

        This is not implemented by grubby, but directly implemented here, via
        the 'boot_once_<bootloader>' method.
        '''
        self.log.debug('Title chosen to boot once: %s', title)

        available_titles = self.get_titles()
        if title not in available_titles:
            self.log.error('Entry with title "%s" was not found', title)
            return -1

        default_title = self.get_default_title()
        self.log.debug('Title actually set as default: %s', default_title)

        if default_title == title:
            self.log.info('Doing nothing: entry to boot once is the same as '
                          'default entry')
            return
        else:
            self.log.debug('Setting boot once for entry: %s', title)

        bootloader = self.get_bootloader()
        if bootloader in ('grub', 'grub2', 'elilo'):
            entry_index = self._index_for_title(title)
            if entry_index is None:
                self.log.error('Could not find index for entry with title '
                               '"%s"', title)
                return -1

        if bootloader == 'grub':
            return self.boot_once_grub(entry_index)
        elif bootloader == 'grub2':
            return self.boot_once_grub2(entry_index)
        elif bootloader == 'yaboot':
            return self.boot_once_yaboot(title)
        elif bootloader == 'elilo':
            return self.boot_once_elilo(entry_index)
        else:
            self.log.error("Detected bootloader does not implement boot once")
            return -1

    def boot_once_grub(self, entry_index):
        '''
        Implements the boot once feature for the grub bootloader
        '''
        # grubonce is a hack present in distros like OpenSUSE
        grubonce_cmd = find_executable('grubonce')
        if grubonce_cmd is None:
            # XXX: check the type of default set (numeric or "saved")
            grub_instructions = ['savedefault --default=%s --once' %
                                 entry_index, 'quit']
            grub_instructions_text = '\n'.join(grub_instructions)
            grub_binary = find_executable('grub')
            if grub_binary is None:
                self.log.error("Could not find the 'grub' binary, aborting")
                return -1

            p = subprocess.Popen([grub_binary, '--batch'],
                                 stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            out, err = p.communicate(grub_instructions_text)

            complete_out = ''
            if out is not None:
                complete_out = out
            if err is not None:
                complete_out += "\n%s" % err

            grub_batch_err = []
            if complete_out:
                for l in complete_out.splitlines():
                    if re.search('error', l, re.IGNORECASE):
                        grub_batch_err.append(l)
                if grub_batch_err:
                    self.log.error("Error while running grub to set boot "
                                   "once: %s", "\n".join(grub_batch_err))
                    return -1

            self.log.debug('No error detected while running grub to set boot '
                           'once')
            return 0
        else:
            rc = self._run_get_return([grubonce_cmd, str(entry_index)])
            if rc:
                self.log.error('Error running %s', grubonce_cmd)
            else:
                self.log.debug('No error detected while running %s',
                               grubonce_cmd)
            return rc

    def boot_once_grub2(self, entry_index):
        '''
        Implements the boot once feature for the grub2 bootloader

        Caveat: this assumes the default set is of type "saved", and not a
        numeric value.
        '''
        default_index_re = re.compile('\s*set\s+default\s*=\s*\"+(\d+)\"+')

        grub_reboot_names = ['grub-reboot', 'grub2-reboot']
        grub_reboot_exec = None
        for grub_reboot in grub_reboot_names:
            grub_reboot_exec = find_executable(grub_reboot)
            if grub_reboot_exec is not None:
                break

        if grub_reboot_exec is None:
            self.log.error('Could not find executable among searched names: '
                           '%s', ' ,'.join(grub_reboot_names))
            return -1

        grub_set_default_names = ['grub-set-default', 'grub2-set-default']
        grub_set_default_exec = None
        for grub_set_default in grub_set_default_names:
            grub_set_default_exec = find_executable(grub_set_default)
            if grub_set_default_exec is not None:
                break

        if grub_set_default_exec is None:
            self.log.error('Could not find executable among searched names: '
                           '%s', ' ,'.join(grub_set_default_names))
            return -1

        # Make sure the "set default" entry in the configuration file is set
        # to "${saved_entry}. Assuming the config file is at /boot/grub/grub.cfg
        deb_grub_cfg_path = '/boot/grub/grub.cfg'
        if self._dist_uses_grub2():
            deb_grub_cfg_path = '/boot/grub2/grub.cfg'
        deb_grub_cfg_bkp_path = '%s.boottool.bak' % deb_grub_cfg_path

        default_index = None
        if os.path.exists(deb_grub_cfg_path):
            shutil.move(deb_grub_cfg_path, deb_grub_cfg_bkp_path)
            o = open(deb_grub_cfg_path, 'w')
            for l in open(deb_grub_cfg_bkp_path).readlines():
                m = default_index_re.match(l)
                if m is not None:
                    default_index = int(m.groups()[0])
                    o.write('set default="${saved_entry}"\n')
                else:
                    o.write(l)
            o.close()

        # Make the current default entry the "previous saved entry"
        if default_index is None:
            default_index = self.get_default_index()
        else:
            # grubby adds entries to top. this assumes a new entry to boot once
            # has already been added to the top, so fallback to the second
            # entry (index 1) if the boot once entry fails to boot
            if entry_index == 0:
                default_index = 1
            else:
                default_index = 0

        # A negative index is never acceptable
        if default_index >= 0:
            prev_saved_return = self._run_get_return([grub_set_default_exec,
                                                      '%s' % default_index])
            if prev_saved_return != 0:
                self.log.error('Could not make entry %s the previous saved entry',
                               default_index)
                return prev_saved_return

        # Finally set the boot once entry
        return self._run_get_return([grub_reboot_exec,
                                     '%s' % entry_index])

    def boot_once_yaboot(self, entry_title):
        '''
        Implements the boot once feature for the yaboot bootloader
        '''
        nvsetenv_cmd = find_executable('nvsetenv')
        if nvsetenv_cmd is None:
            self.log.error("Could not find nvsetenv in PATH")
            return -1
        return self._run_get_return([nvsetenv_cmd,
                                     'boot-once',
                                     entry_title])

    def boot_once_elilo(self, entry_index):
        '''
        Implements boot once for machines with kernel >= 2.6

        This manipulates EFI variables via the interface available at
        /sys/firmware/efi/vars
        '''
        info = self.get_entry(entry_index)
        kernel = os.path.basename(info['kernel'])

        # remove quotes
        args = info['args']
        if args[0] == '"':
            args = args[1:]
        if args[-1] == '"':
            args = args[:-1]

        params = "root=%s %s" % (info['root'], args)
        data = "%s %s" % (kernel, params)

        efi = EfiToolSys()
        if not (efi.create_variable('EliloAlt', data)):
            return -1

        eliloconf = EliloConf()
        eliloconf.add_global_option('checkalt')
        eliloconf.add_global_option('initrd', os.path.basename(info['initrd']))
        eliloconf.remove_global_option('prompt')
        eliloconf.update()
        return 0


class OptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):

    '''
    Command line option parser

    Aims to maintain compatibility at the command line level with boottool
    '''

    option_parser_usage = '''%prog [options]'''

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        optparse.OptionParser.__init__(self,
                                       usage=self.option_parser_usage,
                                       **kwargs)

        misc = self.add_option_group('MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS')
        misc.add_option('--config-file',
                        help='Specifies the path and name of the bootloader '
                        'config file, overriding autodetection of this file')

        misc.add_option('--force', action='store_true',
                        help='If specified, any conflicting kernels will be '
                        'removed')

        misc.add_option('--bootloader',
                        help='Manually specify the bootloader to use.  By '
                        'default, boottool will automatically try to detect '
                        'the bootloader being used')

        misc.add_option('--root',
                        help='The device where the root partition is located')

        misc.add_option('--debug', default=0,
                        help='Prints debug messages. This expects a numerical '
                        'argument corresponding to the debug message '
                        'verbosity')

        probe = self.add_option_group('SYSTEM PROBING')
        probe.add_option('--bootloader-probe', action='store_true',
                         help='Prints the bootloader in use on the system '
                         'and exits')

        probe.add_option('--arch-probe', action='store_true',
                         help='Prints the arch of the system and exits')

        actions = self.add_option_group('ACTIONS ON BOOT ENTRIES')
        actions.add_option('--add-kernel',
                           help='Adds a new kernel with the given path')

        actions.add_option('--remove-kernel',
                           help='Removes the bootloader entry with the given '
                           'position or title. Also accepts \'start\' or '
                           '\'end\'')

        actions.add_option('--update-kernel',
                           help='Updates an existing kernel with the given '
                           'position number or title. Useful options when '
                           'modifying a kernel include --args and '
                           '--remove-args')

        actions.add_option('--info',
                           help='Display information about the bootloader entry '
                           'at the given position number. Also accepts \'all\' '
                           'or \'default\'')

        actions.add_option('--default', action='store_true',
                           help='Prints the current default kernel for the '
                           'bootloader')

        actions.add_option('--set-default',
                           help='Updates the bootloader to set the default '
                           'boot entry to given given position or title')

        actions.add_option('--install', action='store_true',
                           help='Causes bootloader to update and re-install '
                           'the bootloader file')

        actions.add_option('--boot-once', action='store_true',
                           help='Causes the bootloader to boot the kernel '
                           'specified by --title just one time, then fall back'
                           ' to the default entry. This option does not work '
                           'identically on all architectures')

        act_args = self.add_option_group('ACTION PARAMETERS')
        act_args.add_option('--title',
                            help='The title or label to use for the '
                            'bootloader entry. Required when adding a new '
                            'entry.')

        act_args.add_option('--position',
                            help='Insert bootloader entry at the given '
                            'position number, counting from 0. Also accepts '
                            '\'start\' or \'end\'. Optional when adding a new '
                            'entry.')

        act_args.add_option('--make-default', action='store_true',
                            help='Specifies that the bootloader entry being '
                            'added should be the new default')

        kernel = self.add_option_group('LINUX KERNEL PARAMETERS',
                                       'Options specific to manage boot '
                                       'entries with Linux')
        kernel.add_option('--args',
                          help='Add arguments to be passed to the kernel at '
                          'boot. Use when adding a new entry or when '
                          'modifying an existing entry.')

        kernel.add_option('--remove-args',
                          help='Arguments to be removed from an existing entry'
                          '. Use when modifying an existing entry with '
                          '--update-kernel action.')

        kernel.add_option('--initrd',
                          help='The initrd image path to use in the bootloader '
                          'entry')

        kernel.add_option('--module',
                          help='This option adds modules to the new kernel. It'
                          ' only works with Grub Bootloader. For more module '
                          'options just add another --module parameter')

        grubby = self.add_option_group('GRUBBY',
                                       'Manage grubby, the tool that drives '
                                       'most of boottool functionality')
        grubby.add_option('--grubby-version', action='store_true',
                          help='Prints the version of grubby installed on '
                          'this machine')

        grubby.add_option('--grubby-version-check',
                          help='Checks if the installed version of grubby is '
                          'recent enough')

        grubby.add_option('--grubby-install', action='store_true',
                          help='Attempts to install a recent enought version '
                          'of grubby')

        grubby.add_option('--grubby-path',
                          help='Use a different grubby binary, located at the '
                          'given path')

    def opts_has_action(self, opts):
        '''
        Checks if (parsed) opts has a first class action
        '''
        global ACTIONS_OPT_METHOD_NAME
        has_action = False
        for action in ACTIONS_OPT_METHOD_NAME:
            value = getattr(opts, action)
            if value is not None:
                has_action = True
        return has_action

    def opts_get_action(self, opts):
        '''
        Gets the selected action from the parsed opts
        '''
        global ACTIONS_OPT_METHOD_NAME
        for action in ACTIONS_OPT_METHOD_NAME:
            value = getattr(opts, action)
            if value is not None:
                return action
        return None

    def check_values(self, opts, args):
        '''
        Validate the option the user has supplied
        '''
        # check if an action has been selected
        if not self.opts_has_action(opts):
            self.print_help()
            raise SystemExit

        # check if action needs a --title option
        action = self.opts_get_action(opts)
        if action in ACTIONS_REQUIRE_TITLE:
            if opts.title is None:
                print 'Action %s requires a --title parameter' % action
                raise SystemExit

        return (opts, args)


class BoottoolApp(object):

    '''
    The boottool application itself
    '''

    def __init__(self):
        self.opts = None
        self.args = None
        self.option_parser = OptionParser()
        self.grubby = None
        self.log = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)

    def _parse_command_line(self):
        '''
        Parsers the command line arguments
        '''
        (self.opts,
         self.args) = self.option_parser.parse_args()

    def _configure_logging(self):
        '''
        Configures logging based on --debug= command line switch

        We do not have as many levels as the original boottool(.pl) had, but
        we accept the same range of parameters and adjust it to our levels.
        '''
        log_map = {0: logging.WARNING,
                   1: logging.INFO,
                   2: logging.DEBUG}
        try:
            level = int(self.opts.debug)
        except ValueError:
            level = 0

        max_level = max(log_map.keys())
        if level > max_level:
            level = max_level

        if os.environ.has_key('BOOTTOOL_DEBUG_RUN'):
            logging_level = logging.DEBUG
        else:
            logging_level = log_map.get(level)

        logging.basicConfig(level=logging_level,
                            format=LOGGING_FORMAT)

    def run(self):
        self._parse_command_line()
        self._configure_logging()

        # if we made this far, the command line checking succeeded
        if self.opts.grubby_path:
            self.grubby = Grubby(self.opts.grubby_path, self.opts)
        else:
            install_grubby_if_necessary()
            self.grubby = Grubby(opts=self.opts)

        if self.opts.bootloader:
            self.log.debug('Forcing bootloader "%s"', self.opts.bootloader)
            try:
                self.grubby._set_bootloader(self.opts.bootloader)
            except ValueError, msg:
                self.log.error(msg)
                sys.exit(-1)

        #
        # The following implements a simple action -> method dispatcher
        # First, we look for a method named action_ + action_name on the
        # app instance itself. If not found, we try to find a method with
        # the same name as the action in the grubby instance.
        #
        action_name = self.option_parser.opts_get_action(self.opts)
        try:
            action_method = getattr(self, "action_%s" % action_name)
        except AttributeError:
            action_method = getattr(self.grubby, action_name)

        if action_method:
            result = action_method()
            if result is None:
                result = 0
            elif isinstance(result, str):
                print result
                result = 0
            sys.exit(result)

    #
    # The following block implements actions. Actions are methods that will be
    # called because of user supplied parameters on the command line. Most
    # actions, such as the ones that query information, are built around the
    # "API" methods defined in the previous block
    #
    def action_grubby_version(self):
        '''
        Prints the of grubby that is installed on this machine
        '''
        version = self.grubby.get_grubby_version()
        if version is not None:
            print "%s.%s" % version
            return

        version = self.grubby.get_grubby_version_raw()
        if version is not None:
            print version

    def action_grubby_version_check(self):
        '''
        Prints the of grubby that is installed on this machine
        '''
        current_version = self.grubby.get_grubby_version()
        if current_version is None:
            self.log.warn('Could not get version numbers from grubby')
            return -1

        required_version = self.opts.grubby_version_check.split('.', 1)
        required_version_major = required_version[0]
        if len(required_version) == 1:
            req_version = (int(required_version_major), 0)
        else:
            req_version = (int(required_version_major),
                           int(required_version[1]))

        if current_version >= req_version:
            return 0
        else:
            return -1

    def action_grubby_install(self):
        '''
        Attempts to install a recent enough version of grubby
        '''
        return self.grubby.grubby_install()

    def action_info(self):
        '''
        Prints boot entry information

        boottool is frequently called with 'all' lowercase, but
        grubby expects it to be uppercase
        '''
        if not self.opts.info:
            self.log.error('Parameter to info is required')
            return -1

        info_index = self.opts.info
        if not ((info_index.lower() == 'all') or
                (self.opts.info.isdigit())):
            self.log.error('Parameter to info should be either "all", "ALL" '
                           'or an integer index')
            return -1

        if info_index == 'all':
            info_index = 'ALL'

        if info_index == 'ALL':
            entries = self.grubby.get_entries()
        else:
            entries = {info_index: self.grubby.get_entry(info_index)}

        for index, entry in entries.items():
            print
            for key, val in entry.items():
                # remove quotes
                if isinstance(val, str):
                    if val.startswith('"') and val.endswith('"'):
                        val = val[1:-1]

                print '%-8s: %s' % (key, val)

    def action_add_kernel(self):
        '''
        Adds a new boot entry based on the values of other command line options

        :type opts: object
        :param opts: parsed command line options
        :return:
        '''
        if not self.opts.add_kernel:
            self.log.error("Kernel to add is required")
            return -1

        if not self.opts.title:
            self.log.error("Kernel title is required")
            return -1

        if not self.opts.initrd:
            self.log.error("initrd is required")
            return -1

        return self.grubby.add_kernel(self.opts.add_kernel,
                                      self.opts.title,
                                      args=self.opts.args,
                                      initrd=self.opts.initrd)

    def action_update_kernel(self):
        '''
        Updates a kernel entry
        '''
        if not self.opts.update_kernel:
            self.log.error("Kernel title to update is required")
            return -1

        args = []

        kernel = self.grubby._get_entry_selection(self.opts.update_kernel)
        if kernel is not None:
            args.append("--update-kernel=%s" % kernel)

        if self.opts.args:
            args.append("--args=%s" % self.opts.args)

        if self.opts.remove_args:
            args.append("--remove-args=%s" % self.opts.remove_args)

        return self.grubby._run_grubby_get_return(args)

    def action_remove_kernel(self):
        '''
        Removes a boot entry by the specified title

        boottool expects: title
        grubby expects: kernel path or special syntax (eg, TITLE=)
        '''
        if not self.opts.remove_kernel:
            self.log.error("Kernel title to remove is required")
            return -1

        return self.grubby.remove_kernel(self.opts.remove_kernel)

    def action_boot_once(self):
        """
        Sets a specific entry for the next boot only

        The subsequent boots will use the default kernel
        """
        if not self.opts.boot_once:
            self.log.error("Kernel to boot once is required")

        return self.grubby.boot_once(self.opts.title)

    def action_default(self):
        """
        Get the default entry index
        """
        print self.grubby.get_default_index()

    def action_set_default(self):
        """
        Sets the given entry number to be the default on every next boot
        """
        if not self.opts.set_default:
            self.log.error("Entry index is required")

        return self.grubby.set_default_by_index(self.opts.set_default)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = BoottoolApp()
    app.run()
else:
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format=LOGGING_FORMAT)
