import inspect
import json
import logging
import os
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Any, Dict, Set
from uuid import UUID

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SafeLoaderUtils:
    """
    Utility class for safely loading and saving object states while automatically
    detecting and preserving class instances and complex objects.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def is_class_instance(obj: Any) -> bool:
        """
        Detect if an object is a class instance (excluding built-in types).

        Args:
            obj: Object to check

        Returns:
            bool: True if object is a class instance
        """
        if obj is None:
            return False

        # Get the type of the object
        obj_type = type(obj)

        # Check if it's a class instance but not a built-in type
        return (
            hasattr(obj, "__dict__")
            and not isinstance(obj, type)
            and obj_type.__module__ != "builtins"
        )

    @staticmethod
    def is_safe_type(value: Any) -> bool:
        """
        Check if a value is of a safe, serializable type.

        Args:
            value: Value to check

        Returns:
            bool: True if the value is safe to serialize
        """
        # Basic safe types
        safe_types = (
            type(None),
            bool,
            int,
            float,
            str,
            datetime,
            UUID,
        )

        if isinstance(value, safe_types):
            return True

        # Check containers
        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            return all(SafeLoaderUtils.is_safe_type(item) for item in value)

        if isinstance(value, dict):
            return all(
                isinstance(k, str) and SafeLoaderUtils.is_safe_type(v)
                for k, v in value.items()
            )

        # Check for common serializable types
        try:
            json.dumps(value)
            return True
        except (TypeError, OverflowError, ValueError):
            return False

    @staticmethod
    def get_class_attributes(obj: Any) -> Set[str]:
        """
        Get all attributes of a class, including inherited ones.

        Args:
            obj: Object to inspect

        Returns:
            Set[str]: Set of attribute names
        """
        attributes = set()

        # Get all attributes from class and parent classes
        for cls in inspect.getmro(type(obj)):
            attributes.update(cls.__dict__.keys())

        # Add instance attributes
        attributes.update(obj.__dict__.keys())

        return attributes

    @staticmethod
    def create_state_dict(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Create a dictionary of safe values from an object's state.

        Args:
            obj: Object to create state dict from

        Returns:
            Dict[str, Any]: Dictionary of safe values
        """
        state_dict = {}

        for attr_name in SafeLoaderUtils.get_class_attributes(obj):
            # Skip private attributes
            if attr_name.startswith("_"):
                continue

            try:
                value = getattr(obj, attr_name, None)
                if SafeLoaderUtils.is_safe_type(value):
                    state_dict[attr_name] = value
            except Exception as e:
                logger.debug(f"Skipped attribute {attr_name}: {e}")

        return state_dict

    @staticmethod
    def preserve_instances(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Automatically detect and preserve all class instances in an object.

        Args:
            obj: Object to preserve instances from

        Returns:
            Dict[str, Any]: Dictionary of preserved instances
        """
        preserved = {}

        for attr_name in SafeLoaderUtils.get_class_attributes(obj):
            if attr_name.startswith("_"):
                continue

            try:
                value = getattr(obj, attr_name, None)
                if SafeLoaderUtils.is_class_instance(value):
                    preserved[attr_name] = value
            except Exception as e:
                logger.debug(f"Could not preserve {attr_name}: {e}")

        return preserved


class SafeStateManager:
    """
    Manages saving and loading object states while automatically handling
    class instances and complex objects.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def save_state(obj: Any, file_path: str) -> None:
        """
        Save an object's state to a file, automatically handling complex objects.

        Args:
            obj: Object to save state from
            file_path: Path to save state to
        """
        try:
            # Create state dict with only safe values
            state_dict = SafeLoaderUtils.create_state_dict(obj)

            # Ensure directory exists
            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path), exist_ok=True)

            # Save to file
            with open(file_path, "w") as f:
                json.dump(state_dict, f, indent=4, default=str)

            logger.info(f"Successfully saved state to: {file_path}")

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error saving state: {e}")
            raise

    @staticmethod
    def load_state(obj: Any, file_path: str) -> None:
        """
        Load state into an object while preserving class instances.

        Args:
            obj: Object to load state into
            file_path: Path to load state from
        """
        try:
            # Verify file exists
            if not os.path.exists(file_path):
                raise FileNotFoundError(f"State file not found: {file_path}")

            # Preserve existing instances
            preserved = SafeLoaderUtils.preserve_instances(obj)

            # Load state
            with open(file_path, "r") as f:
                state_dict = json.load(f)

            # Set safe values
            for key, value in state_dict.items():
                if (
                    not key.startswith("_")
                    and key not in preserved
                    and SafeLoaderUtils.is_safe_type(value)
                ):
                    setattr(obj, key, value)

            # Restore preserved instances
            for key, value in preserved.items():
                setattr(obj, key, value)

            logger.info(f"Successfully loaded state from: {file_path}")

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error loading state: {e}")
            raise


# # Example decorator for easy integration
# def safe_state_methods(cls: Type) -> Type:
#     """
#     Class decorator to add safe state loading/saving methods to a class.

#     Args:
#         cls: Class to decorate

#     Returns:
#         Type: Decorated class
#     """
#     def save(self, file_path: str) -> None:
#         SafeStateManager.save_state(self, file_path)

#     def load(self, file_path: str) -> None:
#         SafeStateManager.load_state(self, file_path)

#     cls.save = save
#     cls.load = load
#     return cls
